diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv
index 818b18e..6b69845 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 // To render: dot -Tpng stream-in-async-sm.gv -o stream-in-async-sm.png
 digraph stream_in_async_state_machine {
-    node [shape=doublecircle style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
-    node [shape=point width=0.5] F;
+    node [shape=point style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
+    node [shape=doublecircle width=0.5] F;
     node [shape=oval width=1];
     node [fillcolor=lightgreen] STANDBY;  // buffer is empty
     node [fillcolor=tomato] CLOSED;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-sm.gv
index 805dc32..aa7af54 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-sm.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-sm.gv
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 // To render: dot -Tpng stream-in-sm.gv -o stream-in-sm.png
 digraph stream_in_state_machine {
-    node [shape=doublecircle style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
-    node [shape=point width=0.5] F;
+    node [shape=point style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
+    node [shape=doublecircle width=0.5] F;
     node [shape=oval width=1];
     node [fillcolor=lightgreen] STANDBY;  // buffer is empty
     node [fillcolor=tomato] CLOSED;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
index 501dc01..a3f0de9 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 // To render: dot -Tpng stream-out-async-sm.gv -o stream-out-async-sm.png
 digraph stream_out_async_state_machine {
-    node [shape=doublecircle style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
-    node [shape=point width=0.5] F;
+    node [shape=point style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
+    node [shape=doublecircle width=0.5] F;
     node [shape=oval width=1];
     node [fillcolor=lightgreen] STANDBY;  // buffer is empty
     node [fillcolor=lightgreen] IDLE;     // buffer is empty
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-sm.gv
index 47e7fda..23fb5d9 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-sm.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-sm.gv
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 // To render: dot -Tpng stream-out-sm.gv -o stream-out-sm.png
 digraph stream_out_state_machine {
-    node [shape=doublecircle style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
-    node [shape=point width=0.5] F;
+    node [shape=point style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
+    node [shape=doublecircle width=0.5] F;
     node [shape=oval width=1];
     node [fillcolor=lightgreen] STANDBY;  // buffer is empty
     node [fillcolor=lightgreen] IDLE;     // buffer is empty
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv
index c88521e..ce369ba 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 
     I -> INIT[label = "IFactory.createEffect" labelfontcolor = "navy"];
     INIT -> F[label = "IFactory.destroyEffect"];
-    INIT -> IDLE[label = "open()" labelfontcolor = "lime"];
-    IDLE -> PROCESSING[label = "command(START"];
-    PROCESSING -> IDLE[label = "command(STOP)\ncommand(RESET)"];
-    IDLE -> INIT[label = "close()"];
+    INIT -> IDLE[label = "IEffect.open()" labelfontcolor = "lime"];
+    IDLE -> PROCESSING[label = "IEffect.command(START"];
+    PROCESSING -> IDLE[label = "IEffect.command(STOP)\nIEffect.command(RESET)"];
+    IDLE -> INIT[label = "IEffect.close()"];
 
-    INIT -> INIT[label = "getState\ngetDescriptor"];
-    IDLE -> IDLE[label = "getXXX\nsetParameter\ncommand(RESET)"];
-    PROCESSING -> PROCESSING[label = "getXXX\nsetParameter"];
+    INIT -> INIT[label = "IEffect.getState\nIEffect.getDescriptor"];
+    IDLE -> IDLE[label = "IEffect.getParameter\nIEffect.setParameter\nIEffect.getDescriptor\nIEffect.command(RESET)"];
+    PROCESSING -> PROCESSING[label = "IEffect.getParameter\nIEffect.setParameter\nIEffect.getDescriptor"];
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 78b59d4..4e583a4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -73,18 +73,24 @@
         "Configuration.cpp",
         "EngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp",
         "Module.cpp",
+        "ModulePrimary.cpp",
         "SoundDose.cpp",
         "Stream.cpp",
-        "StreamStub.cpp",
+        "StreamSwitcher.cpp",
         "Telephony.cpp",
+        "alsa/Mixer.cpp",
+        "alsa/ModuleAlsa.cpp",
+        "alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp",
+        "alsa/Utils.cpp",
         "r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp",
         "r_submix/RemoteSubmixUtils.cpp",
         "r_submix/SubmixRoute.cpp",
         "r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp",
+        "stub/ModuleStub.cpp",
+        "stub/StreamStub.cpp",
         "usb/ModuleUsb.cpp",
         "usb/StreamUsb.cpp",
         "usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp",
-        "usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp",
     ],
     generated_sources: [
         "audio_policy_configuration_aidl_default",
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp
index d41ea67..a71c6ea 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp
@@ -144,10 +144,6 @@
 //    - no profiles specified
 //  * "FM Tuner", IN_FM_TUNER
 //    - no profiles specified
-//  * "USB Out", OUT_DEVICE, CONNECTION_USB
-//    - no profiles specified
-//  * "USB In", IN_DEVICE, CONNECTION_USB
-//    - no profiles specified
 //
 // Mix ports:
 //  * "primary output", PRIMARY, 1 max open, 1 max active stream
@@ -172,8 +168,7 @@
 //
 // Routes:
 //  "primary out", "compressed offload" -> "Speaker"
-//  "primary out", "compressed offload" -> "USB Out"
-//  "Built-in Mic", "USB In" -> "primary input"
+//  "Built-in Mic" -> "primary input"
 //  "telephony_tx" -> "Telephony Tx"
 //  "Telephony Rx" -> "telephony_rx"
 //  "FM Tuner" -> "fm_tuner"
@@ -185,14 +180,6 @@
 //  * "Telephony Rx" device port: PCM 24-bit; MONO; 48000
 //  * "FM Tuner" device port: PCM 24-bit; STEREO; 48000
 //
-// Profiles for device port connected state:
-//  * USB Out":
-//    - profile PCM 16-bit; MONO, STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
-//    - profile PCM 24-bit; MONO, STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
-//  * USB In":
-//    - profile PCM 16-bit; MONO, STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
-//    - profile PCM 24-bit; MONO, STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
-//
 std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getPrimaryConfiguration() {
     static const Configuration configuration = []() {
         const std::vector<AudioProfile> standardPcmAudioProfiles = {
@@ -252,19 +239,6 @@
                                  AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO, 48000, 0, true,
                                  createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::IN_FM_TUNER, 0)));
 
-        AudioPort usbOutDevice =
-                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "USB Out", 0, false,
-                           createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::OUT_DEVICE, 0,
-                                           AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB));
-        c.ports.push_back(usbOutDevice);
-        c.connectedProfiles[usbOutDevice.id] = standardPcmAudioProfiles;
-
-        AudioPort usbInDevice = createPort(c.nextPortId++, "USB In", 0, true,
-                                           createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::IN_DEVICE, 0,
-                                                           AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB));
-        c.ports.push_back(usbInDevice);
-        c.connectedProfiles[usbInDevice.id] = standardPcmAudioProfiles;
-
         // Mix ports
 
         AudioPort primaryOutMix = createPort(c.nextPortId++, "primary output",
@@ -323,8 +297,7 @@
         c.ports.push_back(fmTunerInMix);
 
         c.routes.push_back(createRoute({primaryOutMix, compressedOffloadOutMix}, speakerOutDevice));
-        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({primaryOutMix, compressedOffloadOutMix}, usbOutDevice));
-        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({micInDevice, usbInDevice}, primaryInMix));
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({micInDevice}, primaryInMix));
         c.routes.push_back(createRoute({telephonyTxOutMix}, telephonyTxOutDevice));
         c.routes.push_back(createRoute({telephonyRxInDevice}, telephonyRxInMix));
         c.routes.push_back(createRoute({fmTunerInDevice}, fmTunerInMix));
@@ -406,22 +379,31 @@
 // Usb configuration:
 //
 // Device ports:
+//  * "USB Device Out", OUT_DEVICE, CONNECTION_USB
+//    - no profiles specified
 //  * "USB Headset Out", OUT_HEADSET, CONNECTION_USB
 //    - no profiles specified
+//  * "USB Device In", IN_DEVICE, CONNECTION_USB
+//    - no profiles specified
 //  * "USB Headset In", IN_HEADSET, CONNECTION_USB
 //    - no profiles specified
 //
 // Mix ports:
-//  * "usb_headset output", 1 max open, 1 max active stream
+//  * "usb_device output", 1 max open, 1 max active stream
 //    - no profiles specified
-//  * "usb_headset input", 1 max open, 1 max active stream
+//  * "usb_device input", 1 max open, 1 max active stream
 //    - no profiles specified
 //
+// Routes:
+//  * "usb_device output" -> "USB Device Out"
+//  * "usb_device output" -> "USB Headset Out"
+//  * "USB Device In", "USB Headset In" -> "usb_device input"
+//
 // Profiles for device port connected state:
-//  * USB Headset Out":
+//  * "USB Device Out", "USB Headset Out":
 //    - profile PCM 16-bit; MONO, STEREO, INDEX_MASK_1, INDEX_MASK_2; 44100, 48000
 //    - profile PCM 24-bit; MONO, STEREO, INDEX_MASK_1, INDEX_MASK_2; 44100, 48000
-//  * USB Headset In":
+//  * "USB Device In", "USB Headset In":
 //    - profile PCM 16-bit; MONO, STEREO, INDEX_MASK_1, INDEX_MASK_2; 44100, 48000
 //    - profile PCM 24-bit; MONO, STEREO, INDEX_MASK_1, INDEX_MASK_2; 44100, 48000
 //
@@ -440,6 +422,13 @@
 
         // Device ports
 
+        AudioPort usbOutDevice =
+                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "USB Device Out", 0, false,
+                           createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::OUT_DEVICE, 0,
+                                           AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB));
+        c.ports.push_back(usbOutDevice);
+        c.connectedProfiles[usbOutDevice.id] = standardPcmAudioProfiles;
+
         AudioPort usbOutHeadset =
                 createPort(c.nextPortId++, "USB Headset Out", 0, false,
                            createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::OUT_HEADSET, 0,
@@ -447,6 +436,12 @@
         c.ports.push_back(usbOutHeadset);
         c.connectedProfiles[usbOutHeadset.id] = standardPcmAudioProfiles;
 
+        AudioPort usbInDevice = createPort(c.nextPortId++, "USB Device In", 0, true,
+                                           createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::IN_DEVICE, 0,
+                                                           AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB));
+        c.ports.push_back(usbInDevice);
+        c.connectedProfiles[usbInDevice.id] = standardPcmAudioProfiles;
+
         AudioPort usbInHeadset =
                 createPort(c.nextPortId++, "USB Headset In", 0, true,
                            createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::IN_HEADSET, 0,
@@ -456,16 +451,110 @@
 
         // Mix ports
 
-        AudioPort usbHeadsetOutMix =
-                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "usb_headset output", 0, false, createPortMixExt(1, 1));
-        c.ports.push_back(usbHeadsetOutMix);
+        AudioPort usbDeviceOutMix =
+                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "usb_device output", 0, false, createPortMixExt(1, 1));
+        c.ports.push_back(usbDeviceOutMix);
 
-        AudioPort usbHeadsetInMix =
-                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "usb_headset input", 0, true, createPortMixExt(1, 1));
-        c.ports.push_back(usbHeadsetInMix);
+        AudioPort usbDeviceInMix =
+                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "usb_device input", 0, true, createPortMixExt(1, 1));
+        c.ports.push_back(usbDeviceInMix);
 
-        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({usbHeadsetOutMix}, usbOutHeadset));
-        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({usbInHeadset}, usbHeadsetInMix));
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({usbDeviceOutMix}, usbOutDevice));
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({usbDeviceOutMix}, usbOutHeadset));
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({usbInDevice, usbInHeadset}, usbDeviceInMix));
+
+        return c;
+    }();
+    return std::make_unique<Configuration>(configuration);
+}
+
+// Stub configuration:
+//
+// Device ports:
+//  * "Test Out", OUT_AFE_PROXY
+//    - no profiles specified
+//  * "Test In", IN_AFE_PROXY
+//    - no profiles specified
+//
+// Mix ports:
+//  * "test output", 1 max open, 1 max active stream
+//    - profile PCM 24-bit; MONO, STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
+//  * "compressed offload", DIRECT|COMPRESS_OFFLOAD|NON_BLOCKING, 1 max open, 1 max active stream
+//    - profile MP3; MONO, STEREO; 44100, 48000
+//  * "test input", 2 max open, 2 max active streams
+//    - profile PCM 24-bit; MONO, STEREO, FRONT_BACK;
+//        8000, 11025, 12000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000
+//
+// Routes:
+//  "test output", "compressed offload" -> "Test Out"
+//  "Test In" -> "test input"
+//
+// Initial port configs:
+//  * "Test Out" device port: PCM 24-bit; STEREO; 48000
+//  * "Test In" device port: PCM 24-bit; MONO; 48000
+//
+std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getStubConfiguration() {
+    static const Configuration configuration = []() {
+        Configuration c;
+
+        // Device ports
+
+        AudioPort testOutDevice = createPort(c.nextPortId++, "Test Out", 0, false,
+                                             createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::OUT_AFE_PROXY, 0));
+        c.ports.push_back(testOutDevice);
+        c.initialConfigs.push_back(
+                createPortConfig(testOutDevice.id, testOutDevice.id, PcmType::INT_24_BIT,
+                                 AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO, 48000, 0, false,
+                                 createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::OUT_AFE_PROXY, 0)));
+
+        AudioPort testInDevice = createPort(c.nextPortId++, "Test In", 0, true,
+                                            createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::IN_AFE_PROXY, 0));
+        c.ports.push_back(testInDevice);
+        c.initialConfigs.push_back(
+                createPortConfig(testInDevice.id, testInDevice.id, PcmType::INT_24_BIT,
+                                 AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO, 48000, 0, true,
+                                 createDeviceExt(AudioDeviceType::IN_AFE_PROXY, 0)));
+
+        // Mix ports
+
+        AudioPort testOutMix =
+                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "test output", 0, false, createPortMixExt(1, 1));
+        testOutMix.profiles.push_back(
+                createProfile(PcmType::INT_24_BIT,
+                              {AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO},
+                              {8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000}));
+        c.ports.push_back(testOutMix);
+
+        AudioPort compressedOffloadOutMix =
+                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "compressed offload",
+                           makeBitPositionFlagMask({AudioOutputFlags::DIRECT,
+                                                    AudioOutputFlags::COMPRESS_OFFLOAD,
+                                                    AudioOutputFlags::NON_BLOCKING}),
+                           false, createPortMixExt(1, 1));
+        compressedOffloadOutMix.profiles.push_back(
+                createProfile(::android::MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_MPEG,
+                              {AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO},
+                              {44100, 48000}));
+        c.ports.push_back(compressedOffloadOutMix);
+
+        AudioPort testInMIx =
+                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "test input", 0, true, createPortMixExt(2, 2));
+        testInMIx.profiles.push_back(
+                createProfile(PcmType::INT_16_BIT,
+                              {AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO,
+                               AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_FRONT_BACK},
+                              {8000, 11025, 12000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000}));
+        testInMIx.profiles.push_back(
+                createProfile(PcmType::INT_24_BIT,
+                              {AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO,
+                               AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_FRONT_BACK},
+                              {8000, 11025, 12000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000}));
+        c.ports.push_back(testInMIx);
+
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({testOutMix, compressedOffloadOutMix}, testOutDevice));
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({testInDevice}, testInMIx));
+
+        c.portConfigs.insert(c.portConfigs.end(), c.initialConfigs.begin(), c.initialConfigs.end());
 
         return c;
     }();
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp
index f3f674f..730c0bf 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp
@@ -117,53 +117,59 @@
 
 bool EffectConfig::parseEffect(const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml) {
     struct EffectLibraries effectLibraries;
-    std::vector<LibraryUuid> libraryUuids;
+    std::vector<Library> libraries;
     std::string name = xml.Attribute("name");
     RETURN_VALUE_IF(name == "", false, "effectsNoName");
 
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << dump(xml);
-    struct LibraryUuid libraryUuid;
+    struct Library library;
     if (std::strcmp(xml.Name(), "effectProxy") == 0) {
         // proxy lib and uuid
-        RETURN_VALUE_IF(!parseLibraryUuid(xml, libraryUuid, true), false, "parseProxyLibFailed");
-        effectLibraries.proxyLibrary = libraryUuid;
+        RETURN_VALUE_IF(!parseLibrary(xml, library, true), false, "parseProxyLibFailed");
+        effectLibraries.proxyLibrary = library;
         // proxy effect libs and UUID
         auto xmlProxyLib = xml.FirstChildElement();
         RETURN_VALUE_IF(!xmlProxyLib, false, "noLibForProxy");
         while (xmlProxyLib) {
-            struct LibraryUuid tempLibraryUuid;
-            RETURN_VALUE_IF(!parseLibraryUuid(*xmlProxyLib, tempLibraryUuid), false,
+            struct Library tempLibrary;
+            RETURN_VALUE_IF(!parseLibrary(*xmlProxyLib, tempLibrary), false,
                             "parseEffectLibFailed");
-            libraryUuids.push_back(std::move(tempLibraryUuid));
+            libraries.push_back(std::move(tempLibrary));
             xmlProxyLib = xmlProxyLib->NextSiblingElement();
         }
     } else {
         // expect only one library if not proxy
-        RETURN_VALUE_IF(!parseLibraryUuid(xml, libraryUuid), false, "parseEffectLibFailed");
-        libraryUuids.push_back(std::move(libraryUuid));
+        RETURN_VALUE_IF(!parseLibrary(xml, library), false, "parseEffectLibFailed");
+        libraries.push_back(std::move(library));
     }
 
-    effectLibraries.libraries = std::move(libraryUuids);
+    effectLibraries.libraries = std::move(libraries);
     mEffectsMap[name] = std::move(effectLibraries);
     return true;
 }
 
-bool EffectConfig::parseLibraryUuid(const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml,
-                                    struct LibraryUuid& libraryUuid, bool isProxy) {
+bool EffectConfig::parseLibrary(const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml, struct Library& library,
+                                bool isProxy) {
     // Retrieve library name only if not effectProxy element
     if (!isProxy) {
         const char* name = xml.Attribute("library");
         RETURN_VALUE_IF(!name, false, "noLibraryAttribute");
-        libraryUuid.name = name;
+        library.name = name;
     }
 
     const char* uuidStr = xml.Attribute("uuid");
     RETURN_VALUE_IF(!uuidStr, false, "noUuidAttribute");
-    libraryUuid.uuid = stringToUuid(uuidStr);
-    RETURN_VALUE_IF((libraryUuid.uuid == getEffectUuidZero()), false, "invalidUuidAttribute");
+    library.uuid = stringToUuid(uuidStr);
+    if (const char* typeUuidStr = xml.Attribute("type")) {
+        library.type = stringToUuid(typeUuidStr);
+    }
+    RETURN_VALUE_IF((library.uuid == getEffectUuidZero()), false, "invalidUuidAttribute");
 
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << (isProxy ? " proxy " : libraryUuid.name) << " : "
-               << ::android::audio::utils::toString(libraryUuid.uuid);
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << (isProxy ? " proxy " : library.name) << " : uuid "
+               << ::android::audio::utils::toString(library.uuid)
+               << (library.type.has_value()
+                           ? ::android::audio::utils::toString(library.type.value())
+                           : "");
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -241,7 +247,8 @@
     return mProcessingMap;
 }
 
-bool EffectConfig::findUuid(const std::string& xmlEffectName, AudioUuid* uuid) {
+bool EffectConfig::findUuid(const std::pair<std::string, struct EffectLibraries>& effectElem,
+                            AudioUuid* uuid) {
 // Difference from EFFECT_TYPE_LIST_DEF, there could be multiple name mapping to same Effect Type
 #define EFFECT_XML_TYPE_LIST_DEF(V)                        \
     V("acoustic_echo_canceler", AcousticEchoCanceler)      \
@@ -268,6 +275,7 @@
 
 #define GENERATE_MAP_ENTRY_V(s, symbol) {s, &getEffectTypeUuid##symbol},
 
+    const std::string xmlEffectName = effectElem.first;
     typedef const AudioUuid& (*UuidGetter)(void);
     static const std::map<std::string, UuidGetter> uuidMap{
             // std::make_pair("s", &getEffectTypeUuidExtension)};
@@ -276,6 +284,14 @@
         *uuid = (*it->second)();
         return true;
     }
+
+    const auto& libs = effectElem.second.libraries;
+    for (const auto& lib : libs) {
+        if (lib.type.has_value()) {
+            *uuid = lib.type.value();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
     return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
index 8ed62c9..96f13ba 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
@@ -49,18 +49,18 @@
             if (auto spEffect = it.first.lock()) {
                 LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " erase remaining instance UUID "
                            << ::android::audio::utils::toString(it.second.first);
-                destroyEffectImpl(spEffect);
+                destroyEffectImpl_l(spEffect);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::getDescriptorWithUuid(const AudioUuid& uuid, Descriptor* desc) {
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::getDescriptorWithUuid_l(const AudioUuid& uuid, Descriptor* desc) {
     RETURN_IF(!desc, EX_NULL_POINTER, "nullDescriptor");
 
     if (mEffectLibMap.count(uuid)) {
         auto& entry = mEffectLibMap[uuid];
-        getDlSyms(entry);
+        getDlSyms_l(entry);
         auto& libInterface = std::get<kMapEntryInterfaceIndex>(entry);
         RETURN_IF(!libInterface || !libInterface->queryEffectFunc, EX_NULL_POINTER,
                   "dlNullQueryEffectFunc");
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
                                          const std::optional<AudioUuid>& in_impl_uuid,
                                          const std::optional<AudioUuid>& in_proxy_uuid,
                                          std::vector<Descriptor>* _aidl_return) {
+    std::lock_guard lg(mMutex);
     // get the matching list
     std::vector<Descriptor::Identity> idList;
     std::copy_if(mIdentitySet.begin(), mIdentitySet.end(), std::back_inserter(idList),
@@ -88,7 +89,8 @@
     for (const auto& id : idList) {
         if (mEffectLibMap.count(id.uuid)) {
             Descriptor desc;
-            RETURN_IF_ASTATUS_NOT_OK(getDescriptorWithUuid(id.uuid, &desc), "getDescriptorFailed");
+            RETURN_IF_ASTATUS_NOT_OK(getDescriptorWithUuid_l(id.uuid, &desc),
+                                     "getDescriptorFailed");
             // update proxy UUID with information from config xml
             desc.common.id.proxy = id.proxy;
             _aidl_return->emplace_back(std::move(desc));
@@ -99,18 +101,19 @@
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::queryProcessing(const std::optional<Processing::Type>& in_type,
                                             std::vector<Processing>* _aidl_return) {
+    std::lock_guard lg(mMutex);
     const auto& processings = mConfig.getProcessingMap();
     // Processing stream type
     for (const auto& procIter : processings) {
         if (!in_type.has_value() || in_type.value() == procIter.first) {
             Processing process = {.type = procIter.first /* Processing::Type */};
             for (const auto& libs : procIter.second /* std::vector<struct EffectLibraries> */) {
-                for (const auto& lib : libs.libraries /* std::vector<struct LibraryUuid> */) {
+                for (const auto& lib : libs.libraries /* std::vector<struct Library> */) {
                     Descriptor desc;
                     if (libs.proxyLibrary.has_value()) {
                         desc.common.id.proxy = libs.proxyLibrary.value().uuid;
                     }
-                    RETURN_IF_ASTATUS_NOT_OK(getDescriptorWithUuid(lib.uuid, &desc),
+                    RETURN_IF_ASTATUS_NOT_OK(getDescriptorWithUuid_l(lib.uuid, &desc),
                                              "getDescriptorFailed");
                     process.ids.emplace_back(desc);
                 }
@@ -125,9 +128,10 @@
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::createEffect(const AudioUuid& in_impl_uuid,
                                          std::shared_ptr<IEffect>* _aidl_return) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": UUID " << ::android::audio::utils::toString(in_impl_uuid);
+    std::lock_guard lg(mMutex);
     if (mEffectLibMap.count(in_impl_uuid)) {
         auto& entry = mEffectLibMap[in_impl_uuid];
-        getDlSyms(entry);
+        getDlSyms_l(entry);
 
         auto& libInterface = std::get<kMapEntryInterfaceIndex>(entry);
         RETURN_IF(!libInterface || !libInterface->createEffectFunc, EX_NULL_POINTER,
@@ -152,7 +156,7 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::destroyEffectImpl(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_handle) {
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::destroyEffectImpl_l(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_handle) {
     std::weak_ptr<IEffect> wpHandle(in_handle);
     // find the effect entry with key (std::weak_ptr<IEffect>)
     if (auto effectIt = mEffectMap.find(wpHandle); effectIt != mEffectMap.end()) {
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@
 }
 
 // go over the map and cleanup all expired weak_ptrs.
-void Factory::cleanupEffectMap() {
+void Factory::cleanupEffectMap_l() {
     for (auto it = mEffectMap.begin(); it != mEffectMap.end();) {
         if (nullptr == it->first.lock()) {
             it = mEffectMap.erase(it);
@@ -189,13 +193,15 @@
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::destroyEffect(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_handle) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": instance " << in_handle.get();
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = destroyEffectImpl(in_handle);
+    std::lock_guard lg(mMutex);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = destroyEffectImpl_l(in_handle);
     // always do the cleanup
-    cleanupEffectMap();
+    cleanupEffectMap_l();
     return status;
 }
 
-bool Factory::openEffectLibrary(const AudioUuid& impl, const std::string& path) {
+bool Factory::openEffectLibrary(const AudioUuid& impl,
+                                const std::string& path) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
     std::function<void(void*)> dlClose = [](void* handle) -> void {
         if (handle && dlclose(handle)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "dlclose failed " << dlerror();
@@ -219,9 +225,9 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void Factory::createIdentityWithConfig(const EffectConfig::LibraryUuid& configLib,
-                                       const AudioUuid& typeUuid,
-                                       const std::optional<AudioUuid> proxyUuid) {
+void Factory::createIdentityWithConfig(
+        const EffectConfig::Library& configLib, const AudioUuid& typeUuid,
+        const std::optional<AudioUuid> proxyUuid) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
     static const auto& libMap = mConfig.getLibraryMap();
     const std::string& libName = configLib.name;
     if (auto path = libMap.find(libName); path != libMap.end()) {
@@ -246,8 +252,7 @@
 void Factory::loadEffectLibs() {
     const auto& configEffectsMap = mConfig.getEffectsMap();
     for (const auto& configEffects : configEffectsMap) {
-        if (AudioUuid uuid;
-            EffectConfig::findUuid(configEffects.first /* xml effect name */, &uuid)) {
+        if (AudioUuid type; EffectConfig::findUuid(configEffects /* xml effect */, &type)) {
             const auto& configLibs = configEffects.second;
             std::optional<AudioUuid> proxyUuid;
             if (configLibs.proxyLibrary.has_value()) {
@@ -255,7 +260,7 @@
                 proxyUuid = proxyLib.uuid;
             }
             for (const auto& configLib : configLibs.libraries) {
-                createIdentityWithConfig(configLib, uuid, proxyUuid);
+                createIdentityWithConfig(configLib, type, proxyUuid);
             }
         } else {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": can not find type UUID for effect " << configEffects.first
@@ -264,7 +269,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Factory::getDlSyms(DlEntry& entry) {
+void Factory::getDlSyms_l(DlEntry& entry) {
     auto& dlHandle = std::get<kMapEntryHandleIndex>(entry);
     RETURN_VALUE_IF(!dlHandle, void(), "dlNullHandle");
     // Get the reference of the DL interfaces in library map tuple.
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
index da1ad11..c81c731 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus EffectImpl::setParameter(const Parameter& param) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " with: " << param.toString();
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " with: " << param.toString();
 
     const auto tag = param.getTag();
     switch (tag) {
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus EffectImpl::getParameter(const Parameter::Id& id, Parameter* param) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << getEffectName() << __func__ << id.toString();
     auto tag = id.getTag();
     switch (tag) {
         case Parameter::Id::commonTag: {
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@
             break;
         }
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << getEffectName() << __func__ << param->toString();
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << id.toString() << param->toString();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
         *out++ = *in++;
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " done processing " << samples << " samples";
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " done processing " << samples << " samples";
     return {STATUS_OK, samples, samples};
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
index 574dc69..cd2ba53 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@
         IEffect::Status status = effectProcessImpl(buffer, buffer, processSamples);
         outputMQ->write(buffer, status.fmqProduced);
         statusMQ->writeBlocking(&status, 1);
-        LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__ << ": done processing, effect consumed "
-                   << status.fmqConsumed << " produced " << status.fmqProduced;
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << mName << __func__ << ": done processing, effect consumed "
+                     << status.fmqConsumed << " produced " << status.fmqProduced;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
index 48d1458..b59bd7c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
@@ -25,13 +25,12 @@
 #include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
 #include <error/expected_utils.h>
 
-#include "core-impl/Bluetooth.h"
 #include "core-impl/Module.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModulePrimary.h"
 #include "core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleStub.h"
 #include "core-impl/ModuleUsb.h"
 #include "core-impl/SoundDose.h"
-#include "core-impl/StreamStub.h"
-#include "core-impl/Telephony.h"
 #include "core-impl/utils.h"
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::getFrameSizeInBytes;
@@ -110,13 +109,14 @@
 // static
 std::shared_ptr<Module> Module::createInstance(Type type) {
     switch (type) {
-        case Module::Type::USB:
-            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModuleUsb>(type);
-        case Type::R_SUBMIX:
-            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModuleRemoteSubmix>(type);
         case Type::DEFAULT:
-        default:
-            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Module>(type);
+            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModulePrimary>();
+        case Type::R_SUBMIX:
+            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModuleRemoteSubmix>();
+        case Type::STUB:
+            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModuleStub>();
+        case Type::USB:
+            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModuleUsb>();
     }
 }
 
@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@
         case Module::Type::R_SUBMIX:
             os << "r_submix";
             break;
+        case Module::Type::STUB:
+            os << "stub";
+            break;
         case Module::Type::USB:
             os << "usb";
             break;
@@ -283,19 +286,28 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<internal::Configuration> Module::initializeConfig() {
+    std::unique_ptr<internal::Configuration> config;
+    switch (getType()) {
+        case Type::DEFAULT:
+            config = std::move(internal::getPrimaryConfiguration());
+            break;
+        case Type::R_SUBMIX:
+            config = std::move(internal::getRSubmixConfiguration());
+            break;
+        case Type::STUB:
+            config = std::move(internal::getStubConfiguration());
+            break;
+        case Type::USB:
+            config = std::move(internal::getUsbConfiguration());
+            break;
+    }
+    return config;
+}
+
 internal::Configuration& Module::getConfig() {
     if (!mConfig) {
-        switch (mType) {
-            case Type::DEFAULT:
-                mConfig = std::move(internal::getPrimaryConfiguration());
-                break;
-            case Type::R_SUBMIX:
-                mConfig = std::move(internal::getRSubmixConfiguration());
-                break;
-            case Type::USB:
-                mConfig = std::move(internal::getUsbConfiguration());
-                break;
-        }
+        mConfig = std::move(initializeConfig());
     }
     return *mConfig;
 }
@@ -395,38 +407,26 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::getTelephony(std::shared_ptr<ITelephony>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!mTelephony) {
-        mTelephony = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Telephony>();
-    }
-    *_aidl_return = mTelephony.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of ITelephony: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning null";
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::getBluetooth(std::shared_ptr<IBluetooth>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!mBluetooth) {
-        mBluetooth = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Bluetooth>();
-    }
-    *_aidl_return = mBluetooth.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetooth: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning null";
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::getBluetoothA2dp(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothA2dp>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!mBluetoothA2dp) {
-        mBluetoothA2dp = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothA2dp>();
-    }
-    *_aidl_return = mBluetoothA2dp.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetoothA2dp: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning null";
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::getBluetoothLe(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothLe>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!mBluetoothLe) {
-        mBluetoothLe = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothLe>();
-    }
-    *_aidl_return = mBluetoothLe.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetoothLe: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning null";
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@
                                                nullptr, nullptr, &context));
     context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
     std::shared_ptr<StreamIn> stream;
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createInputStream(in_args.sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createInputStream(std::move(context), in_args.sinkMetadata,
                                              mConfig->microphones, &stream));
     StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
     if (auto patchIt = mPatches.find(in_args.portConfigId); patchIt != mPatches.end()) {
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@
                                                in_args.eventCallback, &context));
     context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
     std::shared_ptr<StreamOut> stream;
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createOutputStream(in_args.sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createOutputStream(std::move(context), in_args.sourceMetadata,
                                               in_args.offloadInfo, &stream));
     StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
     if (auto patchIt = mPatches.find(in_args.portConfigId); patchIt != mPatches.end()) {
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@
     if (!mSoundDose) {
         mSoundDose = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<sounddose::SoundDose>();
     }
-    *_aidl_return = mSoundDose.getPtr();
+    *_aidl_return = mSoundDose.getInstance();
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of ISoundDose: " << _aidl_return->get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -1334,22 +1334,6 @@
     return mIsMmapSupported.value();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::createInputStream(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                             StreamContext&& context,
-                                             const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
-                                             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
-                                              microphones);
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::createOutputStream(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                                              StreamContext&& context,
-                                              const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo,
-                                              std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
-                                               offloadInfo);
-}
-
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::populateConnectedDevicePort(AudioPort* audioPort __unused) {
     LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": do nothing and return ok";
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e8126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_ModulePrimary"
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "core-impl/ModulePrimary.h"
+#include "core-impl/StreamStub.h"
+#include "core-impl/Telephony.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModulePrimary::getTelephony(std::shared_ptr<ITelephony>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!mTelephony) {
+        mTelephony = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Telephony>();
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = mTelephony.getInstance();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__
+               << ": returning instance of ITelephony: " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModulePrimary::createInputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                    const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+                                                    const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
+                                                    std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
+                                              microphones);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModulePrimary::createOutputStream(
+        StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+        const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
+                                               offloadInfo);
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
index 251dea0..d2be48c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -47,13 +47,19 @@
         desc->reply = mReplyMQ->dupeDesc();
     }
     if (mDataMQ) {
-        const size_t frameSize = getFrameSize();
-        desc->frameSizeBytes = frameSize;
-        desc->bufferSizeFrames = mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize() / frameSize;
+        desc->frameSizeBytes = getFrameSize();
+        desc->bufferSizeFrames = getBufferSizeInFrames();
         desc->audio.set<StreamDescriptor::AudioBuffer::Tag::fmq>(mDataMQ->dupeDesc());
     }
 }
 
+size_t StreamContext::getBufferSizeInFrames() const {
+    if (mDataMQ) {
+        return mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize() / getFrameSize();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 size_t StreamContext::getFrameSize() const {
     return getFrameSizeInBytes(mFormat, mChannelLayout);
 }
@@ -85,17 +91,18 @@
 }
 
 std::string StreamWorkerCommonLogic::init() {
-    if (mCommandMQ == nullptr) return "Command MQ is null";
-    if (mReplyMQ == nullptr) return "Reply MQ is null";
-    if (mDataMQ == nullptr) return "Data MQ is null";
-    if (sizeof(DataBufferElement) != mDataMQ->getQuantumSize()) {
-        return "Unexpected Data MQ quantum size: " + std::to_string(mDataMQ->getQuantumSize());
+    if (mContext->getCommandMQ() == nullptr) return "Command MQ is null";
+    if (mContext->getReplyMQ() == nullptr) return "Reply MQ is null";
+    StreamContext::DataMQ* const dataMQ = mContext->getDataMQ();
+    if (dataMQ == nullptr) return "Data MQ is null";
+    if (sizeof(DataBufferElement) != dataMQ->getQuantumSize()) {
+        return "Unexpected Data MQ quantum size: " + std::to_string(dataMQ->getQuantumSize());
     }
-    mDataBufferSize = mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize();
+    mDataBufferSize = dataMQ->getQuantumCount() * dataMQ->getQuantumSize();
     mDataBuffer.reset(new (std::nothrow) DataBufferElement[mDataBufferSize]);
     if (mDataBuffer == nullptr) {
         return "Failed to allocate data buffer for element count " +
-               std::to_string(mDataMQ->getQuantumCount()) +
+               std::to_string(dataMQ->getQuantumCount()) +
                ", size in bytes: " + std::to_string(mDataBufferSize);
     }
     if (::android::status_t status = mDriver->init(); status != STATUS_OK) {
@@ -108,12 +115,14 @@
                                             bool isConnected) const {
     reply->status = STATUS_OK;
     if (isConnected) {
-        reply->observable.frames = mFrameCount;
+        reply->observable.frames = mContext->getFrameCount();
         reply->observable.timeNs = ::android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
-    } else {
-        reply->observable.frames = StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN;
-        reply->observable.timeNs = StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN;
+        if (auto status = mDriver->getPosition(&reply->observable); status == ::android::OK) {
+            return;
+        }
     }
+    reply->observable.frames = StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN;
+    reply->observable.timeNs = StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN;
 }
 
 void StreamWorkerCommonLogic::populateReplyWrongState(
@@ -133,7 +142,7 @@
     // TODO: Add a delay for transitions of async operations when/if they added.
 
     StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
-    if (!mCommandMQ->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+    if (!mContext->getCommandMQ()->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of command from MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
@@ -151,7 +160,7 @@
     switch (command.getTag()) {
         case Tag::halReservedExit:
             if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::halReservedExit>();
-                cookie == mInternalCommandCookie) {
+                cookie == mContext->getInternalCommandCookie()) {
                 mDriver->shutdown();
                 setClosed();
                 // This is an internal command, no need to reply.
@@ -269,7 +278,7 @@
     }
     reply.state = mState;
     LOG(severity) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
-    if (!mReplyMQ->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+    if (!mContext->getReplyMQ()->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of reply " << reply.toString() << " to MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
@@ -278,14 +287,16 @@
 }
 
 bool StreamInWorkerLogic::read(size_t clientSize, StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply) {
-    const size_t byteCount = std::min({clientSize, mDataMQ->availableToWrite(), mDataBufferSize});
+    StreamContext::DataMQ* const dataMQ = mContext->getDataMQ();
+    const size_t byteCount = std::min({clientSize, dataMQ->availableToWrite(), mDataBufferSize});
     const bool isConnected = mIsConnected;
+    const size_t frameSize = mContext->getFrameSize();
     size_t actualFrameCount = 0;
     bool fatal = false;
     int32_t latency = Module::kLatencyMs;
     if (isConnected) {
-        if (::android::status_t status = mDriver->transfer(
-                    mDataBuffer.get(), byteCount / mFrameSize, &actualFrameCount, &latency);
+        if (::android::status_t status = mDriver->transfer(mDataBuffer.get(), byteCount / frameSize,
+                                                           &actualFrameCount, &latency);
             status != ::android::OK) {
             fatal = true;
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": read failed: " << status;
@@ -293,17 +304,16 @@
     } else {
         usleep(3000);  // Simulate blocking transfer delay.
         for (size_t i = 0; i < byteCount; ++i) mDataBuffer[i] = 0;
-        actualFrameCount = byteCount / mFrameSize;
+        actualFrameCount = byteCount / frameSize;
     }
-    const size_t actualByteCount = actualFrameCount * mFrameSize;
-    if (bool success =
-                actualByteCount > 0 ? mDataMQ->write(&mDataBuffer[0], actualByteCount) : true;
+    const size_t actualByteCount = actualFrameCount * frameSize;
+    if (bool success = actualByteCount > 0 ? dataMQ->write(&mDataBuffer[0], actualByteCount) : true;
         success) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": writing of " << actualByteCount << " bytes into data MQ"
                      << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
         // Frames are provided and counted regardless of connection status.
         reply->fmqByteCount += actualByteCount;
-        mFrameCount += actualFrameCount;
+        mContext->advanceFrameCount(actualFrameCount);
         populateReply(reply, isConnected);
     } else {
         LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": writing of " << actualByteCount
@@ -322,7 +332,8 @@
         if (auto stateDurationMs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                     std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - mTransientStateStart);
             stateDurationMs >= mTransientStateDelayMs) {
-            if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr) {
+            std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback = mContext->getAsyncCallback();
+            if (asyncCallback == nullptr) {
                 // In blocking mode, mState can only be DRAINING.
                 mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
             } else {
@@ -330,13 +341,13 @@
                 // drain or transfer completion. In the stub, we switch unconditionally.
                 if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING) {
                     mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
-                    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = mAsyncCallback->onDrainReady();
+                    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = asyncCallback->onDrainReady();
                     if (!status.isOk()) {
                         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": error from onDrainReady: " << status;
                     }
                 } else {
                     mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
-                    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = mAsyncCallback->onTransferReady();
+                    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = asyncCallback->onTransferReady();
                     if (!status.isOk()) {
                         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": error from onTransferReady: " << status;
                     }
@@ -350,7 +361,7 @@
     }
 
     StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
-    if (!mCommandMQ->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+    if (!mContext->getCommandMQ()->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of command from MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
@@ -369,7 +380,7 @@
     switch (command.getTag()) {
         case Tag::halReservedExit:
             if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::halReservedExit>();
-                cookie == mInternalCommandCookie) {
+                cookie == mContext->getInternalCommandCookie()) {
                 mDriver->shutdown();
                 setClosed();
                 // This is an internal command, no need to reply.
@@ -424,10 +435,11 @@
                     if (!write(fmqByteCount, &reply)) {
                         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
                     }
+                    std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback = mContext->getAsyncCallback();
                     if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY ||
                         mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED ||
                         mState == StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED) {
-                        if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr ||
+                        if (asyncCallback == nullptr ||
                             mState != StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED) {
                             mState = StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED;
                         } else {
@@ -436,7 +448,7 @@
                     } else if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE ||
                                mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING ||
                                mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE) {
-                        if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr || reply.fmqByteCount == fmqByteCount) {
+                        if (asyncCallback == nullptr || reply.fmqByteCount == fmqByteCount) {
                             mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
                         } else {
                             switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING);
@@ -458,7 +470,8 @@
                     if (::android::status_t status = mDriver->drain(mode);
                         status == ::android::OK) {
                         populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
-                        if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE && mForceSynchronousDrain) {
+                        if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE &&
+                            mContext->getForceSynchronousDrain()) {
                             mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
                         } else {
                             switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING);
@@ -533,7 +546,7 @@
     }
     reply.state = mState;
     LOG(severity) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
-    if (!mReplyMQ->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+    if (!mContext->getReplyMQ()->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of reply " << reply.toString() << " to MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
@@ -542,38 +555,40 @@
 }
 
 bool StreamOutWorkerLogic::write(size_t clientSize, StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply) {
-    const size_t readByteCount = mDataMQ->availableToRead();
+    StreamContext::DataMQ* const dataMQ = mContext->getDataMQ();
+    const size_t readByteCount = dataMQ->availableToRead();
+    const size_t frameSize = mContext->getFrameSize();
     bool fatal = false;
     int32_t latency = Module::kLatencyMs;
-    if (bool success = readByteCount > 0 ? mDataMQ->read(&mDataBuffer[0], readByteCount) : true) {
+    if (bool success = readByteCount > 0 ? dataMQ->read(&mDataBuffer[0], readByteCount) : true) {
         const bool isConnected = mIsConnected;
         LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readByteCount << " bytes from data MQ"
                      << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
         // Amount of data that the HAL module is going to actually use.
         size_t byteCount = std::min({clientSize, readByteCount, mDataBufferSize});
-        if (byteCount >= mFrameSize && mForceTransientBurst) {
+        if (byteCount >= frameSize && mContext->getForceTransientBurst()) {
             // In order to prevent the state machine from going to ACTIVE state,
             // simulate partial write.
-            byteCount -= mFrameSize;
+            byteCount -= frameSize;
         }
         size_t actualFrameCount = 0;
         if (isConnected) {
             if (::android::status_t status = mDriver->transfer(
-                        mDataBuffer.get(), byteCount / mFrameSize, &actualFrameCount, &latency);
+                        mDataBuffer.get(), byteCount / frameSize, &actualFrameCount, &latency);
                 status != ::android::OK) {
                 fatal = true;
                 LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": write failed: " << status;
             }
         } else {
-            if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr) {
+            if (mContext->getAsyncCallback() == nullptr) {
                 usleep(3000);  // Simulate blocking transfer delay.
             }
-            actualFrameCount = byteCount / mFrameSize;
+            actualFrameCount = byteCount / frameSize;
         }
-        const size_t actualByteCount = actualFrameCount * mFrameSize;
+        const size_t actualByteCount = actualFrameCount * frameSize;
         // Frames are consumed and counted regardless of the connection status.
         reply->fmqByteCount += actualByteCount;
-        mFrameCount += actualFrameCount;
+        mContext->advanceFrameCount(actualFrameCount);
         populateReply(reply, isConnected);
     } else {
         LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readByteCount
@@ -595,18 +610,16 @@
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamCommonImpl::initInstance(
         const std::shared_ptr<StreamCommonInterface>& delegate) {
     mCommon = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamCommonDelegator>(delegate);
-    mCommonBinder = mCommon->asBinder();
-    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(mCommonBinder.get(), SCHED_NORMAL, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
     return mWorker->start() ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
                             : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamCommonImpl::getStreamCommonCommon(
         std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mCommon == nullptr) {
+    if (!mCommon) {
         LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": the common interface was not created";
     }
-    *_aidl_return = mCommon;
+    *_aidl_return = mCommon.getInstance();
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -657,8 +670,7 @@
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining the worker thread...";
         mWorker->stop();
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": worker thread joined";
-        mContext.reset();
-        mWorker->setClosed();
+        onClose(mWorker->setClosed());
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     } else {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was already closed";
@@ -721,11 +733,15 @@
 }
 }  // namespace
 
-StreamIn::StreamIn(const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : mMicrophones(transformMicrophones(microphones)) {
+StreamIn::StreamIn(StreamContext&& context, const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
+    : mContext(std::move(context)), mMicrophones(transformMicrophones(microphones)) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
 }
 
+void StreamIn::defaultOnClose() {
+    mContext.reset();
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamIn::getActiveMicrophones(
         std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return) {
     std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo> result;
@@ -778,11 +794,15 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
 }
 
-StreamOut::StreamOut(const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : mOffloadInfo(offloadInfo) {
+StreamOut::StreamOut(StreamContext&& context, const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
+    : mContext(std::move(context)), mOffloadInfo(offloadInfo) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
 }
 
+void StreamOut::defaultOnClose() {
+    mContext.reset();
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOut::updateOffloadMetadata(
         const AudioOffloadMetadata& in_offloadMetadata) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/StreamSwitcher.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/StreamSwitcher.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e00c34b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/StreamSwitcher.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_StreamSwitcher"
+
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <error/expected_utils.h>
+
+#include "core-impl/StreamStub.h"
+#include "core-impl/StreamSwitcher.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+StreamSwitcher::StreamSwitcher(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata)
+    : mContext(context),
+      mMetadata(metadata),
+      mStream(new InnerStreamWrapper<StreamStub>(context, mMetadata)) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::closeCurrentStream(bool validateStreamState) {
+    if (!mStream) return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(mStream->prepareToClose());
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(mStream->close());
+    if (validateStreamState && !isValidClosingStreamState(mStream->getStatePriorToClosing())) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    mStream.reset();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::close() {
+    if (mStream != nullptr) {
+        auto status = closeCurrentStream(false /*validateStreamState*/);
+        // The actual state is irrelevant since only StreamSwitcher cares about it.
+        onClose(StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY);
+        return status;
+    }
+    LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was already closed";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::prepareToClose() {
+    if (mStream != nullptr) {
+        return mStream->prepareToClose();
+    }
+    LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::updateHwAvSyncId(int32_t in_hwAvSyncId) {
+    if (mStream == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(mStream->updateHwAvSyncId(in_hwAvSyncId));
+    mHwAvSyncId = in_hwAvSyncId;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::getVendorParameters(const std::vector<std::string>& in_ids,
+                                                       std::vector<VendorParameter>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (mStream == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    if (mIsStubStream) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": the stream is not connected";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    return mStream->getVendorParameters(in_ids, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::setVendorParameters(
+        const std::vector<VendorParameter>& in_parameters, bool in_async) {
+    if (mStream == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    if (mIsStubStream) {
+        mMissedParameters.emplace_back(in_parameters, in_async);
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    return mStream->setVendorParameters(in_parameters, in_async);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::addEffect(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_effect) {
+    if (in_effect == nullptr) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": null effect";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    if (mStream == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    if (!mIsStubStream) {
+        RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(mStream->addEffect(in_effect));
+    }
+    mEffects.push_back(in_effect);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::removeEffect(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_effect) {
+    if (in_effect == nullptr) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": null effect";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    if (mStream == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    for (auto it = mEffects.begin(); it != mEffects.end();) {
+        if ((*it)->asBinder() == in_effect->asBinder()) {
+            it = mEffects.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+    return !mIsStubStream ? mStream->removeEffect(in_effect) : ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::getStreamCommonCommon(
+        std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!mCommon) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": the common interface was not created";
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = mCommon.getInstance();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::updateMetadataCommon(const Metadata& metadata) {
+    if (mStream == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    mMetadata = metadata;
+    return !mIsStubStream ? mStream->updateMetadataCommon(metadata) : ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::initInstance(
+        const std::shared_ptr<StreamCommonInterface>& delegate) {
+    mCommon = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamCommonDelegator>(delegate);
+    // The delegate is null because StreamSwitcher handles IStreamCommon methods by itself.
+    return mStream->initInstance(nullptr);
+}
+
+const StreamContext& StreamSwitcher::getContext() const {
+    return *mContext;
+}
+
+bool StreamSwitcher::isClosed() const {
+    return mStream == nullptr || mStream->isClosed();
+}
+
+const StreamCommonInterface::ConnectedDevices& StreamSwitcher::getConnectedDevices() const {
+    return mStream->getConnectedDevices();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamSwitcher::setConnectedDevices(const std::vector<AudioDevice>& devices) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": " << ::android::internal::ToString(devices);
+    if (mStream->getConnectedDevices() == devices) return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    const DeviceSwitchBehavior behavior = switchCurrentStream(devices);
+    if (behavior == DeviceSwitchBehavior::UNSUPPORTED_DEVICES) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    } else if (behavior == DeviceSwitchBehavior::SWITCH_TO_STUB_STREAM && !devices.empty()) {
+        // This is an error in the extending class.
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__
+                   << ": switching to stub stream with connected devices is not allowed";
+    }
+    if (behavior == USE_CURRENT_STREAM) {
+        mIsStubStream = false;
+    } else {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": connected devices changed, switching stream";
+        // Two streams can't be opened for the same context, thus we always need to close
+        // the current one before creating a new one.
+        RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(closeCurrentStream(true /*validateStreamState*/));
+        if (behavior == CREATE_NEW_STREAM) {
+            mStream = createNewStream(devices, mContext, mMetadata);
+            mIsStubStream = false;
+        } else {  // SWITCH_TO_STUB_STREAM
+            mStream.reset(new InnerStreamWrapper<StreamStub>(mContext, mMetadata));
+            mIsStubStream = true;
+        }
+        // The delegate is null because StreamSwitcher handles IStreamCommon methods by itself.
+        if (ndk::ScopedAStatus status = mStream->initInstance(nullptr); !status.isOk()) {
+            // Need to close the current failed stream, and report an error.
+            // Since we can't operate without a stream implementation, put a stub in.
+            RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(closeCurrentStream(false /*validateStreamState*/));
+            mStream.reset(new InnerStreamWrapper<StreamStub>(mContext, mMetadata));
+            (void)mStream->initInstance(nullptr);
+            (void)mStream->setConnectedDevices(devices);
+            return status;
+        }
+    }
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(mStream->setConnectedDevices(devices));
+    if (behavior == CREATE_NEW_STREAM) {
+        // These updates are less critical, only log warning on failure.
+        if (mHwAvSyncId.has_value()) {
+            if (auto status = mStream->updateHwAvSyncId(*mHwAvSyncId); !status.isOk()) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": could not update HW AV Sync for a new stream: "
+                             << status.getDescription();
+            }
+        }
+        for (const auto& vndParam : mMissedParameters) {
+            if (auto status = mStream->setVendorParameters(vndParam.first, vndParam.second);
+                !status.isOk()) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": error while setting parameters for a new stream: "
+                             << status.getDescription();
+            }
+        }
+        mMissedParameters.clear();
+        for (const auto& effect : mEffects) {
+            if (auto status = mStream->addEffect(effect); !status.isOk()) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": error while adding effect for a new stream: "
+                             << status.getDescription();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..126c033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_AlsaMixer"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+
+#include "Mixer.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa {
+
+// static
+const std::map<Mixer::Control, std::vector<Mixer::ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>>
+        Mixer::kPossibleControls = {
+                {Mixer::MASTER_SWITCH, {{"Master Playback Switch", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_BOOL}}},
+                {Mixer::MASTER_VOLUME, {{"Master Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}},
+                {Mixer::HW_VOLUME,
+                 {{"Headphone Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT},
+                  {"Headset Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT},
+                  {"PCM Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}},
+                {Mixer::MIC_SWITCH, {{"Capture Switch", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_BOOL}}},
+                {Mixer::MIC_GAIN, {{"Capture Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}}};
+
+// static
+Mixer::Controls Mixer::initializeMixerControls(struct mixer* mixer) {
+    if (mixer == nullptr) return {};
+    Controls mixerControls;
+    std::string mixerCtlNames;
+    for (const auto& [control, possibleCtls] : kPossibleControls) {
+        for (const auto& [ctlName, expectedCtlType] : possibleCtls) {
+            struct mixer_ctl* ctl = mixer_get_ctl_by_name(mixer, ctlName.c_str());
+            if (ctl != nullptr && mixer_ctl_get_type(ctl) == expectedCtlType) {
+                mixerControls.emplace(control, ctl);
+                if (!mixerCtlNames.empty()) {
+                    mixerCtlNames += ",";
+                }
+                mixerCtlNames += ctlName;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": available mixer control names=[" << mixerCtlNames << "]";
+    return mixerControls;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mixer::Control c) {
+    switch (c) {
+        case Mixer::Control::MASTER_SWITCH:
+            s << "master mute";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::MASTER_VOLUME:
+            s << "master volume";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::HW_VOLUME:
+            s << "volume";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::MIC_SWITCH:
+            s << "mic mute";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::MIC_GAIN:
+            s << "mic gain";
+            break;
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+Mixer::Mixer(int card) : mMixer(mixer_open(card)), mMixerControls(initializeMixerControls(mMixer)) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open mixer for card=" << card;
+    }
+}
+
+Mixer::~Mixer() {
+    if (isValid()) {
+        std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+        mixer_close(mMixer);
+    }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMasterMute(bool muted) {
+    return setMixerControlMute(MASTER_SWITCH, muted);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMasterVolume(float volume) {
+    return setMixerControlVolume(MASTER_VOLUME, volume);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMicGain(float gain) {
+    return setMixerControlVolume(MIC_GAIN, gain);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMicMute(bool muted) {
+    return setMixerControlMute(MIC_SWITCH, muted);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setVolumes(const std::vector<float>& volumes) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    auto it = mMixerControls.find(Mixer::HW_VOLUME);
+    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    }
+    std::vector<int> percents;
+    std::transform(
+            volumes.begin(), volumes.end(), std::back_inserter(percents),
+            [](float volume) -> int { return std::floor(std::clamp(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 100); });
+    std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+    if (int err = setMixerControlPercent(it->second, percents); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set volume, err=" << err;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMixerControlMute(Mixer::Control ctl, bool muted) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    auto it = mMixerControls.find(ctl);
+    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    }
+    std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+    if (int err = setMixerControlValue(it->second, muted ? 0 : 1); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set " << ctl << " to " << muted << ", err=" << err;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMixerControlVolume(Control ctl, float volume) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    auto it = mMixerControls.find(ctl);
+    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    }
+    volume = std::clamp(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+    if (int err = setMixerControlPercent(it->second, std::floor(volume * 100)); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set " << ctl << " to " << volume << ", err=" << err;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+int Mixer::setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int percent) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    const unsigned int n = mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl);
+    for (unsigned int id = 0; id < n; id++) {
+        if (int error = mixer_ctl_set_percent(ctl, id, percent); error != 0) {
+            ret = error;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int Mixer::setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, const std::vector<int>& percents) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    const unsigned int n = mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl);
+    for (unsigned int id = 0; id < n; id++) {
+        if (int error = mixer_ctl_set_percent(ctl, id, id < percents.size() ? percents[id] : 0);
+            error != 0) {
+            ret = error;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int Mixer::setMixerControlValue(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int value) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    const unsigned int n = mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl);
+    for (unsigned int id = 0; id < n; id++) {
+        if (int error = mixer_ctl_set_value(ctl, id, value); error != 0) {
+            ret = error;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78728c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <tinyalsa/mixer.h>
+}
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa {
+
+class Mixer {
+  public:
+    explicit Mixer(int card);
+    ~Mixer();
+
+    bool isValid() const { return mMixer != nullptr; }
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterMute(bool muted);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterVolume(float volume);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMicGain(float gain);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMicMute(bool muted);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setVolumes(const std::vector<float>& volumes);
+
+  private:
+    enum Control {
+        MASTER_SWITCH,
+        MASTER_VOLUME,
+        HW_VOLUME,
+        MIC_SWITCH,
+        MIC_GAIN,
+    };
+    using ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType = std::pair<std::string, enum mixer_ctl_type>;
+    using Controls = std::map<Control, struct mixer_ctl*>;
+
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Control);
+    static const std::map<Control, std::vector<ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>> kPossibleControls;
+    static Controls initializeMixerControls(struct mixer* mixer);
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMixerControlMute(Control ctl, bool muted);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMixerControlVolume(Control ctl, float volume);
+
+    int setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int percent) REQUIRES(mMixerAccess);
+    int setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, const std::vector<int>& percents)
+            REQUIRES(mMixerAccess);
+    int setMixerControlValue(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int value) REQUIRES(mMixerAccess);
+
+    // Since ALSA functions do not use internal locking, enforce thread safety at our level.
+    std::mutex mMixerAccess;
+    // The mixer object is owned by ALSA and will be released when the mixer is closed.
+    struct mixer* const mMixer;
+    // `mMixerControls` will only be initialized in constructor. After that, it wil only be
+    // read but not be modified. Each mixer_ctl object is owned by ALSA, it's life span is
+    // the same as of the mixer itself.
+    const Controls mMixerControls;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/ModuleAlsa.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/ModuleAlsa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e75d56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/ModuleAlsa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_ModuleAlsa"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleAlsa.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "alsa_device_profile.h"
+}
+
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioProfile;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleAlsa::populateConnectedDevicePort(AudioPort* audioPort) {
+    auto deviceProfile = alsa::getDeviceProfile(*audioPort);
+    if (!deviceProfile.has_value()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    auto profile = alsa::readAlsaDeviceInfo(*deviceProfile);
+    if (!profile.has_value()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> channels = alsa::getChannelMasksFromProfile(&profile.value());
+    std::vector<int> sampleRates = alsa::getSampleRatesFromProfile(&profile.value());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_FORMATS, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_AUDIO_PROFILES) &&
+                       profile->formats[i] != PCM_FORMAT_INVALID;
+         ++i) {
+        auto audioFormatDescription =
+                alsa::c2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(profile->formats[i]);
+        if (audioFormatDescription.type == AudioFormatType::DEFAULT) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": unknown pcm type=" << profile->formats[i];
+            continue;
+        }
+        AudioProfile audioProfile = {.format = audioFormatDescription,
+                                     .channelMasks = channels,
+                                     .sampleRates = sampleRates};
+        audioPort->profiles.push_back(std::move(audioProfile));
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00a7a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_StreamAlsa"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <audio_utils/clock.h>
+#include <error/expected_utils.h>
+
+#include "core-impl/StreamAlsa.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+StreamAlsa::StreamAlsa(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata, int readWriteRetries)
+    : StreamCommonImpl(context, metadata),
+      mFrameSizeBytes(getContext().getFrameSize()),
+      mIsInput(isInput(metadata)),
+      mConfig(alsa::getPcmConfig(getContext(), mIsInput)),
+      mReadWriteRetries(readWriteRetries) {}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::init() {
+    return mConfig.has_value() ? ::android::OK : ::android::NO_INIT;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::flush() {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::pause() {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::standby() {
+    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::start() {
+    decltype(mAlsaDeviceProxies) alsaDeviceProxies;
+    for (const auto& device : getDeviceProfiles()) {
+        alsa::DeviceProxy proxy;
+        if (device.isExternal) {
+            // Always ask alsa configure as required since the configuration should be supported
+            // by the connected device. That is guaranteed by `setAudioPortConfig` and
+            // `setAudioPatch`.
+            proxy = alsa::openProxyForExternalDevice(
+                    device, const_cast<struct pcm_config*>(&mConfig.value()),
+                    true /*require_exact_match*/);
+        } else {
+            proxy = alsa::openProxyForAttachedDevice(
+                    device, const_cast<struct pcm_config*>(&mConfig.value()),
+                    getContext().getBufferSizeInFrames());
+        }
+        if (!proxy) {
+            return ::android::NO_INIT;
+        }
+        alsaDeviceProxies.push_back(std::move(proxy));
+    }
+    mAlsaDeviceProxies = std::move(alsaDeviceProxies);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
+                                         int32_t* latencyMs) {
+    const size_t bytesToTransfer = frameCount * mFrameSizeBytes;
+    unsigned maxLatency = 0;
+    if (mIsInput) {
+        if (mAlsaDeviceProxies.empty()) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": no input devices";
+            return ::android::NO_INIT;
+        }
+        // For input case, only support single device.
+        proxy_read_with_retries(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer,
+                                mReadWriteRetries);
+        maxLatency = proxy_get_latency(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get());
+    } else {
+        for (auto& proxy : mAlsaDeviceProxies) {
+            proxy_write_with_retries(proxy.get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer, mReadWriteRetries);
+            maxLatency = std::max(maxLatency, proxy_get_latency(proxy.get()));
+        }
+    }
+    *actualFrameCount = frameCount;
+    maxLatency = std::min(maxLatency, static_cast<unsigned>(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()));
+    *latencyMs = maxLatency;
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::getPosition(StreamDescriptor::Position* position) {
+    if (mAlsaDeviceProxies.empty()) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": no input devices";
+        return ::android::NO_INIT;
+    }
+    if (mIsInput) {
+        if (int ret = proxy_get_capture_position(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), &position->frames,
+                                                 &position->timeNs);
+            ret != 0) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": failed to retrieve capture position: " << ret;
+            return ::android::INVALID_OPERATION;
+        }
+    } else {
+        uint64_t hwFrames;
+        struct timespec timestamp;
+        if (int ret = proxy_get_presentation_position(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), &hwFrames,
+                                                      &timestamp);
+            ret == 0) {
+            if (hwFrames > std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()) {
+                hwFrames -= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
+            }
+            position->frames = static_cast<int64_t>(hwFrames);
+            position->timeNs = audio_utils_ns_from_timespec(&timestamp);
+        } else {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": failed to retrieve presentation position: " << ret;
+            return ::android::INVALID_OPERATION;
+        }
+    }
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+void StreamAlsa::shutdown() {
+    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20f7797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_AlsaUtils"
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatType.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/PcmType.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "core-impl/utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::getChannelCount;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioIoFlags;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa {
+
+namespace {
+
+using AudioChannelCountToMaskMap = std::map<unsigned int, AudioChannelLayout>;
+using AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap = std::map<AudioFormatDescription, enum pcm_format>;
+using PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap = std::map<enum pcm_format, AudioFormatDescription>;
+
+AudioChannelLayout getInvalidChannelLayout() {
+    static const AudioChannelLayout invalidChannelLayout =
+            AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::invalid>(0);
+    return invalidChannelLayout;
+}
+
+static AudioChannelCountToMaskMap make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(
+        const std::set<AudioChannelLayout>& channelMasks) {
+    AudioChannelCountToMaskMap channelMaskToCountMap;
+    for (const auto& channelMask : channelMasks) {
+        channelMaskToCountMap.emplace(getChannelCount(channelMask), channelMask);
+    }
+    return channelMaskToCountMap;
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(n) \
+    AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask>(AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_##n)
+
+const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap() {
+    static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> supportedOutChannelLayouts = {
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(MONO),          DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(STEREO),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(2POINT1),       DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(QUAD),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(PENTA),         DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(5POINT1),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(6POINT1),       DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(7POINT1),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(7POINT1POINT4), DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(22POINT2),
+    };
+    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap outLayouts =
+            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(supportedOutChannelLayouts);
+    return outLayouts;
+}
+
+const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() {
+    static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> supportedInChannelLayouts = {
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(MONO),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(STEREO),
+    };
+    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap inLayouts =
+            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(supportedInChannelLayouts);
+    return inLayouts;
+}
+
+#undef DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK
+#define DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(n) \
+    AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask>(AudioChannelLayout::INDEX_MASK_##n)
+
+const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap() {
+    static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> supportedIndexChannelLayouts = {
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(1),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(2),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(3),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(4),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(5),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(6),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(7),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(8),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(9),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(10),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(11), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(12),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(13), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(14),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(15), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(16),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(17), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(18),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(19), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(20),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(21), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(22),
+            DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(23), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(24),
+    };
+    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap indexLayouts =
+            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(supportedIndexChannelLayouts);
+    return indexLayouts;
+}
+
+#undef DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType type) {
+    AudioFormatDescription result;
+    result.type = type;
+    return result;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType pcm) {
+    auto result = make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType::PCM);
+    result.pcm = pcm;
+    return result;
+}
+
+const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap& getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap() {
+    static const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap formatDescToPcmFormatMap = {
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::UINT_8_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S8},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_16_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FIXED_Q_8_24), PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_24_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_32_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE},
+    };
+    return formatDescToPcmFormatMap;
+}
+
+static PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap make_PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(
+        const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap& formatDescToPcmFormatMap) {
+    PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap result;
+    for (const auto& formatPair : formatDescToPcmFormatMap) {
+        result.emplace(formatPair.second, formatPair.first);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+const PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap& getPcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap() {
+    static const PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap pcmFormatToFormatDescMap =
+            make_PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap());
+    return pcmFormatToFormatDescMap;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const DeviceProfile& device) {
+    return os << "<" << device.card << "," << device.device << ">";
+}
+
+AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(unsigned int channelCount, int isInput) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(
+            isInput ? getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() : getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap(),
+            channelCount, getInvalidChannelLayout());
+}
+
+AudioChannelLayout getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(unsigned int channelCount) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap(), channelCount,
+                              getInvalidChannelLayout());
+}
+
+unsigned int getChannelCountFromChannelMask(const AudioChannelLayout& channelMask, bool isInput) {
+    switch (channelMask.getTag()) {
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask: {
+            return findKeyOrDefault(
+                    isInput ? getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() : getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap(),
+                    static_cast<unsigned>(getChannelCount(channelMask)), 0u /*defaultValue*/);
+        }
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask: {
+            return findKeyOrDefault(getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap(),
+                                    static_cast<unsigned>(getChannelCount(channelMask)),
+                                    0u /*defaultValue*/);
+        }
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::none:
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::invalid:
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::voiceMask:
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> getChannelMasksFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile) {
+    const bool isInput = profile->direction == PCM_IN;
+    std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> channels;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_PORT_MAX_CHANNEL_MASKS && profile->channel_counts[i] != 0; ++i) {
+        auto layoutMask =
+                alsa::getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(profile->channel_counts[i], isInput);
+        if (layoutMask.getTag() == AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask) {
+            channels.push_back(layoutMask);
+        }
+        auto indexMask = alsa::getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(profile->channel_counts[i]);
+        if (indexMask.getTag() == AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask) {
+            channels.push_back(indexMask);
+        }
+    }
+    return channels;
+}
+
+std::optional<DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfile(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice& audioDevice, bool isInput) {
+    if (audioDevice.address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": not alsa address: " << audioDevice.toString();
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    auto& alsaAddress = audioDevice.address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa>();
+    if (alsaAddress.size() != 2 || alsaAddress[0] < 0 || alsaAddress[1] < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                   << ": malformed alsa address: " << ::android::internal::ToString(alsaAddress);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return DeviceProfile{.card = alsaAddress[0],
+                         .device = alsaAddress[1],
+                         .direction = isInput ? PCM_IN : PCM_OUT,
+                         .isExternal = !audioDevice.type.connection.empty()};
+}
+
+std::optional<DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfile(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort& audioPort) {
+    if (audioPort.ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::device) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort.id << " is not a device port";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    auto& devicePort = audioPort.ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::device>();
+    return getDeviceProfile(devicePort.device, audioPort.flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::input);
+}
+
+std::optional<struct pcm_config> getPcmConfig(const StreamContext& context, bool isInput) {
+    struct pcm_config config;
+    config.channels = alsa::getChannelCountFromChannelMask(context.getChannelLayout(), isInput);
+    if (config.channels == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid channel=" << context.getChannelLayout().toString();
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    config.format = alsa::aidl2c_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(context.getFormat());
+    if (config.format == PCM_FORMAT_INVALID) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid format=" << context.getFormat().toString();
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    config.rate = context.getSampleRate();
+    if (config.rate == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid sample rate=" << config.rate;
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return config;
+}
+
+std::vector<int> getSampleRatesFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile) {
+    std::vector<int> sampleRates;
+    for (int i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_RATES, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_SAMPLING_RATES) &&
+                    profile->sample_rates[i] != 0;
+         i++) {
+        sampleRates.push_back(profile->sample_rates[i]);
+    }
+    return sampleRates;
+}
+
+DeviceProxy makeDeviceProxy() {
+    return DeviceProxy(new alsa_device_proxy, [](alsa_device_proxy* proxy) {
+        if (proxy != nullptr) {
+            proxy_close(proxy);
+            delete proxy;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+DeviceProxy openProxyForAttachedDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, size_t bufferFrameCount) {
+    if (deviceProfile.isExternal) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": called for an external device, address=" << deviceProfile;
+    }
+    alsa_device_profile profile;
+    profile_init(&profile, deviceProfile.direction);
+    profile.card = deviceProfile.card;
+    profile.device = deviceProfile.device;
+    if (!profile_fill_builtin_device_info(&profile, pcmConfig, bufferFrameCount)) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": failed to init for built-in device, address=" << deviceProfile;
+    }
+    auto proxy = makeDeviceProxy();
+    if (int err = proxy_prepare_from_default_config(proxy.get(), &profile); err != 0) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (int err = proxy_open(proxy.get()); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open device, address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return proxy;
+}
+
+DeviceProxy openProxyForExternalDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, bool requireExactMatch) {
+    if (!deviceProfile.isExternal) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": called for an attached device, address=" << deviceProfile;
+    }
+    auto profile = readAlsaDeviceInfo(deviceProfile);
+    if (!profile.has_value()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": unable to read device info, device address=" << deviceProfile;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto proxy = makeDeviceProxy();
+    if (int err = proxy_prepare(proxy.get(), &profile.value(), pcmConfig, requireExactMatch);
+        err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (int err = proxy_open(proxy.get()); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open device, address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return proxy;
+}
+
+std::optional<alsa_device_profile> readAlsaDeviceInfo(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile) {
+    alsa_device_profile profile;
+    profile_init(&profile, deviceProfile.direction);
+    profile.card = deviceProfile.card;
+    profile.device = deviceProfile.device;
+    if (!profile_read_device_info(&profile)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to read device info, card=" << profile.card
+                   << ", device=" << profile.device;
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return profile;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription c2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(enum pcm_format legacy) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(getPcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(), legacy, AudioFormatDescription());
+}
+
+pcm_format aidl2c_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(const AudioFormatDescription& aidl) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap(), aidl, PCM_FORMAT_INVALID);
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..615e657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioChannelLayout.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatDescription.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioPort.h>
+
+#include "core-impl/Stream.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <tinyalsa/pcm.h>
+#include "alsa_device_profile.h"
+#include "alsa_device_proxy.h"
+}
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa {
+
+struct DeviceProfile {
+    int card;
+    int device;
+    int direction; /* PCM_OUT or PCM_IN */
+    bool isExternal;
+};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const DeviceProfile& device);
+using DeviceProxyDeleter = std::function<void(alsa_device_proxy*)>;
+using DeviceProxy = std::unique_ptr<alsa_device_proxy, DeviceProxyDeleter>;
+
+::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(
+        unsigned int channelCount, int isInput);
+::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(
+        unsigned int channelCount);
+unsigned int getChannelCountFromChannelMask(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout& channelMask, bool isInput);
+std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout> getChannelMasksFromProfile(
+        const alsa_device_profile* profile);
+std::optional<DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfile(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice& audioDevice, bool isInput);
+std::optional<DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfile(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort& audioPort);
+std::optional<struct pcm_config> getPcmConfig(const StreamContext& context, bool isInput);
+std::vector<int> getSampleRatesFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile);
+DeviceProxy makeDeviceProxy();
+DeviceProxy openProxyForAttachedDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, size_t bufferFrameCount);
+DeviceProxy openProxyForExternalDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, bool requireExactMatch);
+std::optional<alsa_device_profile> readAlsaDeviceInfo(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile);
+
+::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription
+c2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(enum pcm_format legacy);
+pcm_format aidl2c_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription& aidl);
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.service-aidl.xml b/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.service-aidl.xml
index 9636a58..c9d6314 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.service-aidl.xml
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.service-aidl.xml
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
   <hal format="aidl">
     <name>android.hardware.audio.core</name>
     <version>1</version>
+    <fqname>IModule/stub</fqname>
+  </hal>
+  <hal format="aidl">
+    <name>android.hardware.audio.core</name>
+    <version>1</version>
     <fqname>IModule/usb</fqname>
   </hal>
   <hal format="aidl">
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/audio_effects_config.xml b/audio/aidl/default/audio_effects_config.xml
index 6627ae7..00de797 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/audio_effects_config.xml
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/audio_effects_config.xml
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@
     </libraries>
 
     <!-- list of effects to load.
-         Each "effect" element must contain a "name", "library" and a "uuid" attribute.
+         Each "effect" element must contain a "name", "library" and a "uuid" attribute, an optional
+         "type" attribute can be used to add any customized effect type.
          The value of the "library" attribute must correspond to the name of one library element in
          the "libraries" element.
          The "name" attribute used to specific effect type, and should be mapping to a key of
@@ -62,8 +63,8 @@
          result of IFactory.queryEffects() to decide which effect implementation should be part of
          proxy and which not.
 
-         Only "name", "library", and "uuid" attributes in "effects" element are meaningful and
-         parsed out by EffectConfig class, all other attributes are ignored.
+         Only "name", "library", "uuid", and "type" attributes in "effects" element are meaningful
+          and parsed out by EffectConfig class, all other attributes are ignored.
          Only "name" and "uuid" attributes in "effectProxy" element are meaningful and parsed out
          by EffectConfig class, all other attributes are ignored.
     -->
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
             <libsw library="equalizersw" uuid="0bed4300-847d-11df-bb17-0002a5d5c51b"/>
             <libsw library="bundle" uuid="ce772f20-847d-11df-bb17-0002a5d5c51b"/>
         </effectProxy>
-        <effect name="extensioneffect" library="extensioneffect" uuid="fa81dd00-588b-11ed-9b6a-0242ac120002"/>
+        <effect name="extension_effect" library="extensioneffect" uuid="fa81dd00-588b-11ed-9b6a-0242ac120002" type="fa81de0e-588b-11ed-9b6a-0242ac120002"/>
         <effect name="acoustic_echo_canceler" library="aecsw" uuid="bb392ec0-8d4d-11e0-a896-0002a5d5c51b"/>
         <effect name="noise_suppression" library="nssw" uuid="c06c8400-8e06-11e0-9cb6-0002a5d5c51b"/>
     </effects>
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ChildInterface.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ChildInterface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2421b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ChildInterface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+// Helper used for interfaces that require a persistent instance. We hold them via a strong
+// pointer. The binder token is retained for a call to 'setMinSchedulerPolicy'.
+template <class C>
+struct ChildInterface : private std::pair<std::shared_ptr<C>, ndk::SpAIBinder> {
+    ChildInterface() = default;
+    ChildInterface& operator=(const std::shared_ptr<C>& c) {
+        return operator=(std::shared_ptr<C>(c));
+    }
+    ChildInterface& operator=(std::shared_ptr<C>&& c) {
+        this->first = std::move(c);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    explicit operator bool() const { return !!this->first; }
+    C& operator*() const { return *(this->first); }
+    C* operator->() const { return this->first; }
+    // Use 'getInstance' when returning the interface instance.
+    std::shared_ptr<C> getInstance() {
+        if (this->second.get() == nullptr) {
+            this->second = this->first->asBinder();
+            AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(this->second.get(), SCHED_NORMAL,
+                                           ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
+        }
+        return this->first;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Configuration.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Configuration.h
index 70320e4..25bf7af 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Configuration.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Configuration.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 
 std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getPrimaryConfiguration();
 std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getRSubmixConfiguration();
+std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getStubConfiguration();
 std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getUsbConfiguration();
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::internal
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
index 4a23637..539221d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <iostream>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/BnModule.h>
 
+#include "core-impl/ChildInterface.h"
 #include "core-impl/Configuration.h"
 #include "core-impl/Stream.h"
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@
   public:
     // This value is used for all AudioPatches and reported by all streams.
     static constexpr int32_t kLatencyMs = 10;
-    enum Type : int { DEFAULT, R_SUBMIX, USB };
+    enum Type : int { DEFAULT, R_SUBMIX, STUB, USB };
 
     static std::shared_ptr<Module> createInstance(Type type);
 
@@ -132,26 +134,6 @@
         bool forceTransientBurst = false;
         bool forceSynchronousDrain = false;
     };
-    // Helper used for interfaces that require a persistent instance. We hold them via a strong
-    // pointer. The binder token is retained for a call to 'setMinSchedulerPolicy'.
-    template <class C>
-    struct ChildInterface : private std::pair<std::shared_ptr<C>, ndk::SpAIBinder> {
-        ChildInterface() {}
-        ChildInterface& operator=(const std::shared_ptr<C>& c) {
-            return operator=(std::shared_ptr<C>(c));
-        }
-        ChildInterface& operator=(std::shared_ptr<C>&& c) {
-            this->first = std::move(c);
-            this->second = this->first->asBinder();
-            AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(this->second.get(), SCHED_NORMAL,
-                                           ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
-            return *this;
-        }
-        explicit operator bool() const { return !!this->first; }
-        C& operator*() const { return *(this->first); }
-        C* operator->() const { return this->first; }
-        std::shared_ptr<C> getPtr() const { return this->first; }
-    };
     // ids of device ports created at runtime via 'connectExternalDevice'.
     // Also stores a list of ids of mix ports with dynamic profiles that were populated from
     // the connected port. This list can be empty, thus an int->int multimap can't be used.
@@ -164,10 +146,6 @@
     std::unique_ptr<internal::Configuration> mConfig;
     ModuleDebug mDebug;
     VendorDebug mVendorDebug;
-    ChildInterface<ITelephony> mTelephony;
-    ChildInterface<IBluetooth> mBluetooth;
-    ChildInterface<IBluetoothA2dp> mBluetoothA2dp;
-    ChildInterface<IBluetoothLe> mBluetoothLe;
     ConnectedDevicePorts mConnectedDevicePorts;
     Streams mStreams;
     Patches mPatches;
@@ -181,16 +159,16 @@
     // The following virtual functions are intended for vendor extension via inheritance.
 
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
+            StreamContext&& context,
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-            StreamContext&& context,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
-            std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result);
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) = 0;
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
-            std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result);
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) = 0;
     // If the module is unable to populate the connected device port correctly, the returned error
     // code must correspond to the errors of `IModule.connectedExternalDevice` method.
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus populateConnectedDevicePort(
@@ -204,6 +182,7 @@
             const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort& audioPort, bool connected);
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus onMasterMuteChanged(bool mute);
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus onMasterVolumeChanged(float volume);
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<internal::Configuration> initializeConfig();
 
     // Utility and helper functions accessible to subclasses.
     void cleanUpPatch(int32_t patchId);
@@ -224,6 +203,7 @@
     bool getMicMute() const { return mMicMute; }
     const Patches& getPatches() const { return mPatches; }
     const Streams& getStreams() const { return mStreams; }
+    Type getType() const { return mType; }
     bool isMmapSupported();
     template <typename C>
     std::set<int32_t> portIdsFromPortConfigIds(C portConfigIds);
@@ -232,4 +212,6 @@
                                                    const AudioPatch& newPatch);
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Module::Type t);
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleAlsa.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleAlsa.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5815961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleAlsa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core-impl/Module.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+// This class is intended to be used as a base class for implementations
+// that use TinyAlsa. This can be either a primary module or a USB Audio
+// module. This class does not define a complete module implementation,
+// and should never be used on its own. Derived classes are expected to
+// provide necessary overrides for all interface methods omitted here.
+class ModuleAlsa : public Module {
+  public:
+    explicit ModuleAlsa(Module::Type type) : Module(type) {}
+
+  protected:
+    // Extension methods of 'Module'.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus populateConnectedDevicePort(
+            ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort* audioPort) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6264237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core-impl/Module.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+class ModulePrimary final : public Module {
+  public:
+    ModulePrimary() : Module(Type::DEFAULT) {}
+
+  protected:
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getTelephony(std::shared_ptr<ITelephony>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
+            StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
+            StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+            const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
+                    offloadInfo,
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
+
+  private:
+    ChildInterface<ITelephony> mTelephony;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h
index 7b1d375..e87be3d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 class ModuleRemoteSubmix : public Module {
   public:
-    explicit ModuleRemoteSubmix(Module::Type type) : Module(type) {}
+    ModuleRemoteSubmix() : Module(Type::R_SUBMIX) {}
 
   private:
     // IModule interfaces
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
 
     // Module interfaces
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f77161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core-impl/Module.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+class ModuleStub final : public Module {
+  public:
+    ModuleStub() : Module(Type::STUB) {}
+
+  protected:
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBluetooth(std::shared_ptr<IBluetooth>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBluetoothA2dp(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothA2dp>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBluetoothLe(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothLe>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
+            StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
+            StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+            const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
+                    offloadInfo,
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
+
+  private:
+    ChildInterface<IBluetooth> mBluetooth;
+    ChildInterface<IBluetoothA2dp> mBluetoothA2dp;
+    ChildInterface<IBluetoothLe> mBluetoothLe;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
index 5a5429d..a296b8c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "core-impl/Module.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleAlsa.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-class ModuleUsb : public Module {
+class ModuleUsb final : public ModuleAlsa {
   public:
-    explicit ModuleUsb(Module::Type type) : Module(type) {}
+    ModuleUsb() : ModuleAlsa(Type::USB) {}
 
   private:
     // IModule interfaces
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
 
     // Module interfaces
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
index aaf5860..fa2b760 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <system/thread_defs.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
+#include "core-impl/ChildInterface.h"
 #include "core-impl/utils.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
@@ -65,7 +66,8 @@
             DataMQ;
 
     // Ensure that this value is not used by any of StreamDescriptor.State enums
-    static constexpr int32_t STATE_CLOSED = -1;
+    static constexpr StreamDescriptor::State STATE_CLOSED =
+            static_cast<StreamDescriptor::State>(-1);
 
     struct DebugParameters {
         // An extra delay for transient states, in ms.
@@ -112,7 +114,8 @@
           mDataMQ(std::move(other.mDataMQ)),
           mAsyncCallback(std::move(other.mAsyncCallback)),
           mOutEventCallback(std::move(other.mOutEventCallback)),
-          mDebugParameters(std::move(other.mDebugParameters)) {}
+          mDebugParameters(std::move(other.mDebugParameters)),
+          mFrameCount(other.mFrameCount) {}
     StreamContext& operator=(StreamContext&& other) {
         mCommandMQ = std::move(other.mCommandMQ);
         mInternalCommandCookie = other.mInternalCommandCookie;
@@ -127,11 +130,13 @@
         mAsyncCallback = std::move(other.mAsyncCallback);
         mOutEventCallback = std::move(other.mOutEventCallback);
         mDebugParameters = std::move(other.mDebugParameters);
+        mFrameCount = other.mFrameCount;
         return *this;
     }
 
     void fillDescriptor(StreamDescriptor* desc);
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> getAsyncCallback() const { return mAsyncCallback; }
+    size_t getBufferSizeInFrames() const;
     ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayout() const {
         return mChannelLayout;
     }
@@ -154,7 +159,12 @@
     int getTransientStateDelayMs() const { return mDebugParameters.transientStateDelayMs; }
     int getSampleRate() const { return mSampleRate; }
     bool isValid() const;
+    // 'reset' is called on a Binder thread when closing the stream. Does not use
+    // locking because it only cleans MQ pointers which were also set on the Binder thread.
     void reset();
+    // 'advanceFrameCount' and 'getFrameCount' are only called on the worker thread.
+    long advanceFrameCount(size_t increase) { return mFrameCount += increase; }
+    long getFrameCount() const { return mFrameCount; }
 
   private:
     std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> mCommandMQ;
@@ -170,6 +180,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> mAsyncCallback;
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamOutEventCallback> mOutEventCallback;  // Only used by output streams
     DebugParameters mDebugParameters;
+    long mFrameCount = 0;
 };
 
 // This interface provides operations of the stream which are executed on the worker thread.
@@ -184,31 +195,34 @@
     virtual ::android::status_t start() = 0;
     virtual ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
                                          int32_t* latencyMs) = 0;
+    // No need to implement 'getPosition' unless the driver can provide more precise
+    // data than just total frame count. For example, the driver may correctly account
+    // for any intermediate buffers.
+    virtual ::android::status_t getPosition(StreamDescriptor::Position* /*position*/) {
+        return ::android::OK;
+    }
     virtual void shutdown() = 0;  // This function is only called once.
 };
 
 class StreamWorkerCommonLogic : public ::android::hardware::audio::common::StreamLogic {
   public:
-    bool isClosed() const {
-        return static_cast<int32_t>(mState.load()) == StreamContext::STATE_CLOSED;
+    bool isClosed() const { return mState == StreamContext::STATE_CLOSED; }
+    StreamDescriptor::State setClosed() {
+        auto prevState = mState.exchange(StreamContext::STATE_CLOSED);
+        if (prevState != StreamContext::STATE_CLOSED) {
+            mStatePriorToClosing = prevState;
+        }
+        return mStatePriorToClosing;
     }
-    void setClosed() { mState = static_cast<StreamDescriptor::State>(StreamContext::STATE_CLOSED); }
     void setIsConnected(bool connected) { mIsConnected = connected; }
 
   protected:
     using DataBufferElement = int8_t;
 
-    StreamWorkerCommonLogic(const StreamContext& context, DriverInterface* driver)
-        : mDriver(driver),
-          mInternalCommandCookie(context.getInternalCommandCookie()),
-          mFrameSize(context.getFrameSize()),
-          mCommandMQ(context.getCommandMQ()),
-          mReplyMQ(context.getReplyMQ()),
-          mDataMQ(context.getDataMQ()),
-          mAsyncCallback(context.getAsyncCallback()),
-          mTransientStateDelayMs(context.getTransientStateDelayMs()),
-          mForceTransientBurst(context.getForceTransientBurst()),
-          mForceSynchronousDrain(context.getForceSynchronousDrain()) {}
+    StreamWorkerCommonLogic(StreamContext* context, DriverInterface* driver)
+        : mContext(context),
+          mDriver(driver),
+          mTransientStateDelayMs(context->getTransientStateDelayMs()) {}
     std::string init() override;
     void populateReply(StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply, bool isConnected) const;
     void populateReplyWrongState(StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply,
@@ -218,38 +232,35 @@
         mTransientStateStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     }
 
+    // The context is only used for reading, except for updating the frame count,
+    // which happens on the worker thread only.
+    StreamContext* const mContext;
     DriverInterface* const mDriver;
+    // This is the state the stream was in before being closed. It is retrieved by the main
+    // thread after joining the worker thread.
+    StreamDescriptor::State mStatePriorToClosing = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
     // Atomic fields are used both by the main and worker threads.
     std::atomic<bool> mIsConnected = false;
     static_assert(std::atomic<StreamDescriptor::State>::is_always_lock_free);
     std::atomic<StreamDescriptor::State> mState = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
-    // All fields are used on the worker thread only.
-    const int mInternalCommandCookie;
-    const size_t mFrameSize;
-    StreamContext::CommandMQ* const mCommandMQ;
-    StreamContext::ReplyMQ* const mReplyMQ;
-    StreamContext::DataMQ* const mDataMQ;
-    std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> mAsyncCallback;
+    // All fields below are used on the worker thread only.
     const std::chrono::duration<int, std::milli> mTransientStateDelayMs;
     std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> mTransientStateStart;
-    const bool mForceTransientBurst;
-    const bool mForceSynchronousDrain;
     // We use an array and the "size" field instead of a vector to be able to detect
     // memory allocation issues.
     std::unique_ptr<DataBufferElement[]> mDataBuffer;
     size_t mDataBufferSize;
-    long mFrameCount = 0;
 };
 
 // This interface is used to decouple stream implementations from a concrete StreamWorker
 // implementation.
 struct StreamWorkerInterface {
-    using CreateInstance = std::function<StreamWorkerInterface*(const StreamContext& context,
-                                                                DriverInterface* driver)>;
+    using CreateInstance =
+            std::function<StreamWorkerInterface*(StreamContext* context, DriverInterface* driver)>;
     virtual ~StreamWorkerInterface() = default;
     virtual bool isClosed() const = 0;
     virtual void setIsConnected(bool isConnected) = 0;
-    virtual void setClosed() = 0;
+    virtual StreamDescriptor::State setClosed() = 0;
     virtual bool start() = 0;
     virtual void stop() = 0;
 };
@@ -260,11 +271,11 @@
     using WorkerImpl = ::android::hardware::audio::common::StreamWorker<WorkerLogic>;
 
   public:
-    StreamWorkerImpl(const StreamContext& context, DriverInterface* driver)
+    StreamWorkerImpl(StreamContext* context, DriverInterface* driver)
         : WorkerImpl(context, driver) {}
     bool isClosed() const override { return WorkerImpl::isClosed(); }
     void setIsConnected(bool isConnected) override { WorkerImpl::setIsConnected(isConnected); }
-    void setClosed() override { WorkerImpl::setClosed(); }
+    StreamDescriptor::State setClosed() override { return WorkerImpl::setClosed(); }
     bool start() override {
         return WorkerImpl::start(WorkerImpl::kThreadName, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
     }
@@ -274,7 +285,7 @@
 class StreamInWorkerLogic : public StreamWorkerCommonLogic {
   public:
     static const std::string kThreadName;
-    StreamInWorkerLogic(const StreamContext& context, DriverInterface* driver)
+    StreamInWorkerLogic(StreamContext* context, DriverInterface* driver)
         : StreamWorkerCommonLogic(context, driver) {}
 
   protected:
@@ -288,8 +299,9 @@
 class StreamOutWorkerLogic : public StreamWorkerCommonLogic {
   public:
     static const std::string kThreadName;
-    StreamOutWorkerLogic(const StreamContext& context, DriverInterface* driver)
-        : StreamWorkerCommonLogic(context, driver), mEventCallback(context.getOutEventCallback()) {}
+    StreamOutWorkerLogic(StreamContext* context, DriverInterface* driver)
+        : StreamWorkerCommonLogic(context, driver),
+          mEventCallback(context->getOutEventCallback()) {}
 
   protected:
     Status cycle() override;
@@ -403,16 +415,17 @@
 };
 
 // The implementation of DriverInterface must be provided by each concrete stream implementation.
+// Note that StreamCommonImpl does not own the context. This is to support swapping on the fly
+// implementations of the stream while keeping the same IStreamIn/Out instance. It's that instance
+// who must be owner of the context.
 class StreamCommonImpl : virtual public StreamCommonInterface, virtual public DriverInterface {
   public:
-    StreamCommonImpl(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context,
+    StreamCommonImpl(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata,
                      const StreamWorkerInterface::CreateInstance& createWorker)
-        : mMetadata(metadata),
-          mContext(std::move(context)),
-          mWorker(createWorker(mContext, this)) {}
-    StreamCommonImpl(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
+        : mContext(*context), mMetadata(metadata), mWorker(createWorker(context, this)) {}
+    StreamCommonImpl(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata)
         : StreamCommonImpl(
-                  metadata, std::move(context),
+                  context, metadata,
                   isInput(metadata) ? getDefaultInWorkerCreator() : getDefaultOutWorkerCreator()) {}
     ~StreamCommonImpl();
 
@@ -444,23 +457,23 @@
 
   protected:
     static StreamWorkerInterface::CreateInstance getDefaultInWorkerCreator() {
-        return [](const StreamContext& ctx, DriverInterface* driver) -> StreamWorkerInterface* {
+        return [](StreamContext* ctx, DriverInterface* driver) -> StreamWorkerInterface* {
             return new StreamInWorker(ctx, driver);
         };
     }
     static StreamWorkerInterface::CreateInstance getDefaultOutWorkerCreator() {
-        return [](const StreamContext& ctx, DriverInterface* driver) -> StreamWorkerInterface* {
+        return [](StreamContext* ctx, DriverInterface* driver) -> StreamWorkerInterface* {
             return new StreamOutWorker(ctx, driver);
         };
     }
 
+    virtual void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State statePriorToClosing) = 0;
     void stopWorker();
 
+    const StreamContext& mContext;
     Metadata mMetadata;
-    StreamContext mContext;
     std::unique_ptr<StreamWorkerInterface> mWorker;
-    std::shared_ptr<StreamCommonDelegator> mCommon;
-    ndk::SpAIBinder mCommonBinder;
+    ChildInterface<StreamCommonDelegator> mCommon;
     ConnectedDevices mConnectedDevices;
 };
 
@@ -468,6 +481,8 @@
 // concrete input/output stream implementations.
 class StreamIn : virtual public StreamCommonInterface, public BnStreamIn {
   protected:
+    void defaultOnClose();
+
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamCommon(std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) override {
         return getStreamCommonCommon(_aidl_return);
     }
@@ -487,14 +502,17 @@
 
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
 
-    explicit StreamIn(
-            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
+    StreamIn(StreamContext&& context,
+             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
 
+    StreamContext mContext;
     const std::map<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice, std::string> mMicrophones;
 };
 
 class StreamOut : virtual public StreamCommonInterface, public BnStreamOut {
   protected:
+    void defaultOnClose();
+
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamCommon(std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) override {
         return getStreamCommonCommon(_aidl_return);
     }
@@ -528,10 +546,12 @@
 
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
 
-    explicit StreamOut(const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
-                               offloadInfo);
+    StreamOut(StreamContext&& context,
+              const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
+                      offloadInfo);
 
-    std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo> mOffloadInfo;
+    StreamContext mContext;
+    const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo> mOffloadInfo;
     std::optional<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::AudioOffloadMetadata> mOffloadMetadata;
 };
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f98a922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Stream.h"
+#include "alsa/Utils.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+// This class is intended to be used as a base class for implementations
+// that use TinyAlsa.
+// This class does not define a complete stream implementation,
+// and should never be used on its own. Derived classes are expected to
+// provide necessary overrides for all interface methods omitted here.
+class StreamAlsa : public StreamCommonImpl {
+  public:
+    StreamAlsa(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata, int readWriteRetries);
+    // Methods of 'DriverInterface'.
+    ::android::status_t init() override;
+    ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
+    ::android::status_t flush() override;
+    ::android::status_t pause() override;
+    ::android::status_t standby() override;
+    ::android::status_t start() override;
+    ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
+                                 int32_t* latencyMs) override;
+    ::android::status_t getPosition(StreamDescriptor::Position* position) override;
+    void shutdown() override;
+
+  protected:
+    // Called from 'start' to initialize 'mAlsaDeviceProxies', the vector must be non-empty.
+    virtual std::vector<alsa::DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfiles() = 0;
+
+    const size_t mFrameSizeBytes;
+    const bool mIsInput;
+    const std::optional<struct pcm_config> mConfig;
+    const int mReadWriteRetries;
+    // All fields below are only used on the worker thread.
+    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProxy> mAlsaDeviceProxies;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h
index 2253ec7..74854c6 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h
@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "core-impl/Stream.h"
+#include "core-impl/StreamSwitcher.h"
 #include "r_submix/SubmixRoute.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::r_submix::AudioConfig;
-using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::r_submix::SubmixRoute;
-
 class StreamRemoteSubmix : public StreamCommonImpl {
   public:
-    StreamRemoteSubmix(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamRemoteSubmix(
+            StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata,
+            const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress& deviceAddress);
 
     ::android::status_t init() override;
     ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     ::android::status_t start() override;
     ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
                                  int32_t* latencyMs) override;
+    ::android::status_t getPosition(StreamDescriptor::Position* position) override;
     void shutdown() override;
 
     // Overridden methods of 'StreamCommonImpl', called on a Binder thread.
@@ -50,16 +51,17 @@
     ::android::status_t outWrite(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount);
     ::android::status_t inRead(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount);
 
-    const int mPortId;
+    const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress mDeviceAddress;
     const bool mIsInput;
-    AudioConfig mStreamConfig;
-    std::shared_ptr<SubmixRoute> mCurrentRoute = nullptr;
+    r_submix::AudioConfig mStreamConfig;
+    std::shared_ptr<r_submix::SubmixRoute> mCurrentRoute = nullptr;
 
     // Mutex lock to protect vector of submix routes, each of these submix routes have their mutex
     // locks and none of the mutex locks should be taken together.
     static std::mutex sSubmixRoutesLock;
-    static std::map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<SubmixRoute>> sSubmixRoutes
-            GUARDED_BY(sSubmixRoutesLock);
+    static std::map<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress,
+                    std::shared_ptr<r_submix::SubmixRoute>>
+            sSubmixRoutes GUARDED_BY(sSubmixRoutesLock);
 
     // limit for number of read error log entries to avoid spamming the logs
     static constexpr int kMaxReadErrorLogs = 5;
@@ -71,28 +73,44 @@
     static constexpr int kReadAttemptSleepUs = 5000;
 };
 
-class StreamInRemoteSubmix final : public StreamRemoteSubmix, public StreamIn {
+class StreamInRemoteSubmix final : public StreamIn, public StreamSwitcher {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamInRemoteSubmix(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
 
   private:
+    DeviceSwitchBehavior switchCurrentStream(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices)
+            override;
+    std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> createNewStream(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices,
+            StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata) override;
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getActiveMicrophones(
             std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return)
             override;
 };
 
-class StreamOutRemoteSubmix final : public StreamRemoteSubmix, public StreamOut {
+class StreamOutRemoteSubmix final : public StreamOut, public StreamSwitcher {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamOutRemoteSubmix(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo);
+
+  private:
+    DeviceSwitchBehavior switchCurrentStream(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices)
+            override;
+    std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> createNewStream(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices,
+            StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata) override;
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
index 6b1b2dd..a8a3fc4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 class StreamStub : public StreamCommonImpl {
   public:
-    StreamStub(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamStub(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata);
     // Methods of 'DriverInterface'.
     ::android::status_t init() override;
     ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
@@ -43,22 +43,28 @@
     bool mIsStandby = true;       // Used for validating the state machine logic.
 };
 
-class StreamInStub final : public StreamStub, public StreamIn {
+class StreamInStub final : public StreamIn, public StreamStub {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamInStub(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
+
+  private:
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
 };
 
-class StreamOutStub final : public StreamStub, public StreamOut {
+class StreamOutStub final : public StreamOut, public StreamStub {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
-    StreamOutStub(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                  StreamContext&& context,
+    StreamOutStub(StreamContext&& context,
+                  const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                   const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                           offloadInfo);
+
+  private:
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamSwitcher.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamSwitcher.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cb8470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamSwitcher.h
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Stream.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+// 'StreamSwitcher' is implementation of 'StreamCommonInterface' which allows
+// dynamically switching the underlying stream implementation based on currently
+// connected devices. This is achieved by replacing inheritance from
+// 'StreamCommonImpl' with owning an instance of it. StreamSwitcher must be
+// extended in order to supply the logic for choosing the stream
+// implementation. When there are no connected devices, for instance, upon the
+// creation, the StreamSwitcher engages an instance of a stub stream in order to
+// keep serving requests coming via 'StreamDescriptor'.
+//
+// StreamSwitcher implements the 'IStreamCommon' interface directly, with
+// necessary delegation to the current stream implementation. While the stub
+// stream is engaged, any requests made via 'IStreamCommon' (parameters, effects
+// setting, etc) are postponed and only delivered on device connection change
+// to the "real" stream implementation provided by the extending class. This is why
+// the behavior of StreamSwitcher in the "stub" state is not identical to behavior
+// of 'StreamStub'. It can become a full substitute for 'StreamStub' once
+// device connection change event occurs and the extending class returns
+// 'LEAVE_CURRENT_STREAM' from 'switchCurrentStream' method.
+//
+// There is a natural limitation that the current stream implementation may only
+// be switched when the stream is in the 'STANDBY' state. Thus, when the event
+// to switch the stream occurs, the current stream is stopped and joined, and
+// its last state is validated. Since the change of the set of connected devices
+// normally occurs on patch updates, if the stream was not in standby, this is
+// reported to the caller of 'IModule.setAudioPatch' as the 'EX_ILLEGAL_STATE'
+// error.
+//
+// The simplest use case, when the implementor just needs to emulate the legacy HAL API
+// behavior of receiving the connected devices upon stream creation, the implementation
+// of the extending class can look as follows. We assume that 'StreamLegacy' implementation
+// is the one requiring to know connected devices on creation:
+//
+//   class StreamLegacy : public StreamCommonImpl {
+//     public:
+//       StreamLegacy(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata,
+//                    const std::vector<AudioDevice>& devices);
+//   };
+//
+//   class StreamOutLegacy final : public StreamOut, public StreamSwitcher {
+//     public:
+//       StreamOutLegacy(StreamContext&& context, metatadata etc.)
+//     private:
+//       DeviceSwitchBehavior switchCurrentStream(const std::vector<AudioDevice>&) override {
+//           // This implementation effectively postpones stream creation until
+//           // receiving the first call to 'setConnectedDevices' with a non-empty list.
+//           return isStubStream() ? DeviceSwitchBehavior::CREATE_NEW_STREAM :
+//               DeviceSwitchBehavior::USE_CURRENT_STREAM;
+//       }
+//       std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> createNewStream(
+//               const std::vector<AudioDevice>& devices,
+//               StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata) override {
+//           return std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx>(new InnerStreamWrapper<StreamLegacy>(
+//               context, metadata, devices));
+//       }
+//       void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
+//   }
+//
+
+class StreamCommonInterfaceEx : virtual public StreamCommonInterface {
+  public:
+    virtual StreamDescriptor::State getStatePriorToClosing() const = 0;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class InnerStreamWrapper : public T, public StreamCommonInterfaceEx {
+  public:
+    template <typename... Args>
+    InnerStreamWrapper(Args&&... args) : T(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+    StreamDescriptor::State getStatePriorToClosing() const override { return mStatePriorToClosing; }
+
+  private:
+    // Do not need to do anything on close notification from the inner stream
+    // because StreamSwitcher handles IStreamCommon::close by itself.
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State statePriorToClosing) override {
+        mStatePriorToClosing = statePriorToClosing;
+    }
+
+    StreamDescriptor::State mStatePriorToClosing = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
+};
+
+class StreamSwitcher : virtual public StreamCommonInterface {
+  public:
+    StreamSwitcher(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata);
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus prepareToClose() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus updateHwAvSyncId(int32_t in_hwAvSyncId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getVendorParameters(const std::vector<std::string>& in_ids,
+                                           std::vector<VendorParameter>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setVendorParameters(const std::vector<VendorParameter>& in_parameters,
+                                           bool in_async) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus addEffect(
+            const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect>& in_effect)
+            override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeEffect(
+            const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect>& in_effect)
+            override;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamCommonCommon(std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus updateMetadataCommon(const Metadata& metadata) override;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus initInstance(
+            const std::shared_ptr<StreamCommonInterface>& delegate) override;
+    const StreamContext& getContext() const override;
+    bool isClosed() const override;
+    const ConnectedDevices& getConnectedDevices() const override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setConnectedDevices(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices)
+            override;
+
+  protected:
+    // Since switching a stream requires closing down the current stream, StreamSwitcher
+    // asks the extending class its intent on the connected devices change.
+    enum DeviceSwitchBehavior {
+        // Continue using the current stream implementation. If it's the stub implementation,
+        // StreamSwitcher starts treating the stub stream as a "real" implementation,
+        // without effectively closing it and starting again.
+        USE_CURRENT_STREAM,
+        // This is the normal case when the extending class provides a "real" implementation
+        // which is not a stub implementation.
+        CREATE_NEW_STREAM,
+        // This is the case when the extending class wants to revert back to the initial
+        // condition of using a stub stream provided by the StreamSwitcher. This behavior
+        // is only allowed when the list of connected devices is empty.
+        SWITCH_TO_STUB_STREAM,
+        // Use when the set of devices is not supported by the extending class. This returns
+        // 'EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION' from 'setConnectedDevices'.
+        UNSUPPORTED_DEVICES,
+    };
+    // StreamSwitcher will call these methods from 'setConnectedDevices'. If the switch behavior
+    // is 'CREATE_NEW_STREAM', the 'createwNewStream' function will be called (with the same
+    // device vector) for obtaining a new stream implementation, assuming that closing
+    // the current stream was a success.
+    virtual DeviceSwitchBehavior switchCurrentStream(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices) = 0;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> createNewStream(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices,
+            StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata) = 0;
+    virtual void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State streamPriorToClosing) = 0;
+
+    bool isStubStream() const { return mIsStubStream; }
+    StreamCommonInterfaceEx* getCurrentStream() const { return mStream.get(); }
+
+  private:
+    using VndParam = std::pair<std::vector<VendorParameter>, bool /*isAsync*/>;
+
+    static constexpr bool isValidClosingStreamState(StreamDescriptor::State state) {
+        return state == StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY || state == StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
+    }
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus closeCurrentStream(bool validateStreamState);
+
+    // StreamSwitcher does not own the context.
+    StreamContext* mContext;
+    Metadata mMetadata;
+    ChildInterface<StreamCommonDelegator> mCommon;
+    // The current stream.
+    std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> mStream;
+    // Indicates whether 'mCurrentStream' is a stub stream implementation
+    // maintained by StreamSwitcher until the extending class provides a "real"
+    // implementation. The invariant of this state is that there are no connected
+    // devices.
+    bool mIsStubStream = true;
+    // Storage for the data from commands received via 'IStreamCommon'.
+    std::optional<int32_t> mHwAvSyncId;
+    std::vector<VndParam> mMissedParameters;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect>> mEffects;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
index 8c40782..74e30ff 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
@@ -17,84 +17,62 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <atomic>
-#include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioChannelLayout.h>
 
-#include "core-impl/Stream.h"
-
-extern "C" {
-#include <tinyalsa/pcm.h>
-#include "alsa_device_proxy.h"
-}
+#include "StreamAlsa.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-class StreamUsb : public StreamCommonImpl {
+class StreamUsb : public StreamAlsa {
   public:
-    StreamUsb(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamUsb(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata);
     // Methods of 'DriverInterface'.
-    ::android::status_t init() override;
-    ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
-    ::android::status_t flush() override;
-    ::android::status_t pause() override;
-    ::android::status_t standby() override;
-    ::android::status_t start() override;
     ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
                                  int32_t* latencyMs) override;
-    void shutdown() override;
 
     // Overridden methods of 'StreamCommonImpl', called on a Binder thread.
-    const ConnectedDevices& getConnectedDevices() const override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setConnectedDevices(const ConnectedDevices& devices) override;
 
-  private:
-    using AlsaDeviceProxyDeleter = std::function<void(alsa_device_proxy*)>;
-    using AlsaDeviceProxy = std::unique_ptr<alsa_device_proxy, AlsaDeviceProxyDeleter>;
-
-    static std::optional<struct pcm_config> maybePopulateConfig(const StreamContext& context,
-                                                                bool isInput);
+  protected:
+    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfiles() override;
 
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
-
-    const size_t mFrameSizeBytes;
-    const bool mIsInput;
-    const std::optional<struct pcm_config> mConfig;
+    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProfile> mConnectedDeviceProfiles GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::atomic<bool> mConnectedDevicesUpdated = false;
-    // All fields below are only used on the worker thread.
-    std::vector<AlsaDeviceProxy> mAlsaDeviceProxies;
 };
 
-class StreamInUsb final : public StreamUsb, public StreamIn {
+class StreamInUsb final : public StreamIn, public StreamUsb {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamInUsb(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
 
   private:
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getActiveMicrophones(
             std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return)
             override;
 };
 
-class StreamOutUsb final : public StreamUsb, public StreamOut {
+class StreamOutUsb final : public StreamOut, public StreamUsb {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
-    StreamOutUsb(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                 StreamContext&& context,
+    StreamOutUsb(StreamContext&& context,
+                 const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                  const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                          offloadInfo);
 
   private:
+    void onClose(StreamDescriptor::State) override { defaultOnClose(); }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getHwVolume(std::vector<float>* _aidl_return) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setHwVolume(const std::vector<float>& in_channelVolumes) override;
 
-    int mChannelCount;
+    const int mChannelCount;
     std::vector<float> mHwVolumes;
 };
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h
index 22cdb6b..698e7a5 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@
 
     virtual RetCode setCommon(const Parameter::Common& common) {
         mCommon = common;
-        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
         return RetCode::SUCCESS;
     }
     virtual Parameter::Common getCommon() {
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
         return mCommon;
     }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectWorker.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectWorker.h
index b456817..421429a 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectWorker.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectWorker.h
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
         auto readSamples = inputMQ->availableToRead(), writeSamples = outputMQ->availableToWrite();
         if (readSamples && writeSamples) {
             auto processSamples = std::min(readSamples, writeSamples);
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " available to read " << readSamples << " available to write "
-                       << writeSamples << " process " << processSamples;
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << " available to read " << readSamples
+                         << " available to write " << writeSamples << " process " << processSamples;
 
             auto buffer = mContext->getWorkBuffer();
             inputMQ->read(buffer, processSamples);
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
             IEffect::Status status = effectProcessImpl(buffer, buffer, processSamples);
             outputMQ->write(buffer, status.fmqProduced);
             statusMQ->writeBlocking(&status, 1);
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " done processing, effect consumed " << status.fmqConsumed
-                       << " produced " << status.fmqProduced;
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << " done processing, effect consumed " << status.fmqConsumed
+                         << " produced " << status.fmqProduced;
         } else {
             // TODO: maybe add some sleep here to avoid busy waiting
         }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectConfig.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectConfig.h
index f8a86e1..344846a 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectConfig.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectConfig.h
@@ -40,14 +40,15 @@
   public:
     explicit EffectConfig(const std::string& file);
 
-    struct LibraryUuid {
+    struct Library {
         std::string name;  // library name
-        ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid uuid;
+        ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid uuid;  // implementation UUID
+        std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid> type;  // optional type UUID
     };
     // <effects>
     struct EffectLibraries {
-        std::optional<struct LibraryUuid> proxyLibrary;
-        std::vector<struct LibraryUuid> libraries;
+        std::optional<struct Library> proxyLibrary;
+        std::vector<struct Library> libraries;
     };
 
     int getSkippedElements() const { return mSkippedElements; }
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
         return mEffectsMap;
     }
 
-    static bool findUuid(const std::string& xmlEffectName,
+    static bool findUuid(const std::pair<std::string, struct EffectLibraries>& effectElem,
                          ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid* uuid);
 
     using ProcessingLibrariesMap = std::map<Processing::Type, std::vector<struct EffectLibraries>>;
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@
     bool parseProcessing(Processing::Type::Tag typeTag, const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml);
 
     // Function to parse effect.library name and effect.uuid from xml
-    bool parseLibraryUuid(const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml, struct LibraryUuid& libraryUuid,
-                          bool isProxy = false);
+    bool parseLibrary(const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml, struct Library& library,
+                      bool isProxy = false);
 
     const char* dump(const tinyxml2::XMLElement& element,
                      tinyxml2::XMLPrinter&& printer = {}) const;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h
index ad59ca7..d0b8204 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/BnFactory.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include "EffectConfig.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
@@ -82,9 +83,11 @@
   private:
     const EffectConfig mConfig;
     ~Factory();
+
+    std::mutex mMutex;
     // Set of effect descriptors supported by the devices.
-    std::set<Descriptor> mDescSet;
-    std::set<Descriptor::Identity> mIdentitySet;
+    std::set<Descriptor> mDescSet GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    std::set<Descriptor::Identity> mIdentitySet GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     static constexpr int kMapEntryHandleIndex = 0;
     static constexpr int kMapEntryInterfaceIndex = 1;
@@ -94,26 +97,29 @@
                        std::string /* library name */>
             DlEntry;
 
-    std::map<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid /* implUUID */, DlEntry> mEffectLibMap;
+    std::map<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid /* implUUID */, DlEntry> mEffectLibMap
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     typedef std::pair<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid, ndk::SpAIBinder> EffectEntry;
-    std::map<std::weak_ptr<IEffect>, EffectEntry, std::owner_less<>> mEffectMap;
+    std::map<std::weak_ptr<IEffect>, EffectEntry, std::owner_less<>> mEffectMap GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus destroyEffectImpl(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_handle);
-    void cleanupEffectMap();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus destroyEffectImpl_l(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_handle)
+            REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void cleanupEffectMap_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
     bool openEffectLibrary(const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid& impl,
                            const std::string& path);
     void createIdentityWithConfig(
-            const EffectConfig::LibraryUuid& configLib,
+            const EffectConfig::Library& configLib,
             const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid& typeUuidStr,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid> proxyUuid);
 
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDescriptorWithUuid(
-            const aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid& uuid, Descriptor* desc);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDescriptorWithUuid_l(
+            const aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid& uuid, Descriptor* desc)
+            REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     void loadEffectLibs();
     /* Get effect_dl_interface_s from library handle */
-    void getDlSyms(DlEntry& entry);
+    void getDlSyms_l(DlEntry& entry) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
index 12c0c4b..93fb366 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -16,20 +16,21 @@
 
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
 
 #include "core-impl/Config.h"
 #include "core-impl/Module.h"
-#include "core-impl/ModuleUsb.h"
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::Config;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::Module;
-using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::ModuleUsb;
 
 int main() {
     // Random values are used in the implementation.
@@ -52,18 +53,19 @@
     CHECK_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
 
     // Make modules
-    auto createModule = [](Module::Type type, const std::string& instance) {
+    auto createModule = [](Module::Type type) {
         auto module = Module::createInstance(type);
         ndk::SpAIBinder moduleBinder = module->asBinder();
-        const std::string moduleName = std::string(Module::descriptor).append("/").append(instance);
+        std::stringstream moduleName;
+        moduleName << Module::descriptor << "/" << type;
         AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(moduleBinder.get(), SCHED_NORMAL, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
-        binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(moduleBinder.get(), moduleName.c_str());
+        binder_status_t status =
+                AServiceManager_addService(moduleBinder.get(), moduleName.str().c_str());
         CHECK_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
         return std::make_pair(module, moduleBinder);
     };
-    auto modules = {createModule(Module::Type::DEFAULT, "default"),
-                    createModule(Module::Type::R_SUBMIX, "r_submix"),
-                    createModule(Module::Type::USB, "usb")};
+    auto modules = {createModule(Module::Type::DEFAULT), createModule(Module::Type::R_SUBMIX),
+                    createModule(Module::Type::USB), createModule(Module::Type::STUB)};
     (void)modules;
 
     ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
index 2b79f51..9be7837 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleRemoteSubmix::createInputStream(
-        const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+        StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
         const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones, std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInRemoteSubmix>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInRemoteSubmix>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
                                                       microphones);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleRemoteSubmix::createOutputStream(
-        const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+        StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
         const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutRemoteSubmix>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutRemoteSubmix>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                                        offloadInfo);
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp
index 5af0d91..74dea53 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp
@@ -23,30 +23,34 @@
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::r_submix::SubmixRoute;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneDynamicInfo;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamRemoteSubmix::StreamRemoteSubmix(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamCommonImpl(metadata, std::move(context)),
-      mPortId(context.getPortId()),
+StreamRemoteSubmix::StreamRemoteSubmix(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata,
+                                       const AudioDeviceAddress& deviceAddress)
+    : StreamCommonImpl(context, metadata),
+      mDeviceAddress(deviceAddress),
       mIsInput(isInput(metadata)) {
-    mStreamConfig.frameSize = context.getFrameSize();
-    mStreamConfig.format = context.getFormat();
-    mStreamConfig.channelLayout = context.getChannelLayout();
-    mStreamConfig.sampleRate = context.getSampleRate();
+    mStreamConfig.frameSize = context->getFrameSize();
+    mStreamConfig.format = context->getFormat();
+    mStreamConfig.channelLayout = context->getChannelLayout();
+    mStreamConfig.sampleRate = context->getSampleRate();
 }
 
 std::mutex StreamRemoteSubmix::sSubmixRoutesLock;
-std::map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<SubmixRoute>> StreamRemoteSubmix::sSubmixRoutes;
+std::map<AudioDeviceAddress, std::shared_ptr<SubmixRoute>> StreamRemoteSubmix::sSubmixRoutes;
 
 ::android::status_t StreamRemoteSubmix::init() {
     {
         std::lock_guard guard(sSubmixRoutesLock);
-        if (sSubmixRoutes.find(mPortId) != sSubmixRoutes.end()) {
-            mCurrentRoute = sSubmixRoutes[mPortId];
+        auto routeItr = sSubmixRoutes.find(mDeviceAddress);
+        if (routeItr != sSubmixRoutes.end()) {
+            mCurrentRoute = routeItr->second;
         }
     }
     // If route is not available for this port, add it.
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@
         }
         {
             std::lock_guard guard(sSubmixRoutesLock);
-            sSubmixRoutes.emplace(mPortId, mCurrentRoute);
+            sSubmixRoutes.emplace(mDeviceAddress, mCurrentRoute);
         }
     } else {
         if (!mCurrentRoute->isStreamConfigValid(mIsInput, mStreamConfig)) {
@@ -116,8 +120,9 @@
         std::shared_ptr<SubmixRoute> route = nullptr;
         {
             std::lock_guard guard(sSubmixRoutesLock);
-            if (sSubmixRoutes.find(mPortId) != sSubmixRoutes.end()) {
-                route = sSubmixRoutes[mPortId];
+            auto routeItr = sSubmixRoutes.find(mDeviceAddress);
+            if (routeItr != sSubmixRoutes.end()) {
+                route = routeItr->second;
             }
         }
         if (route != nullptr) {
@@ -146,7 +151,7 @@
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": pipe destroyed";
 
         std::lock_guard guard(sSubmixRoutesLock);
-        sSubmixRoutes.erase(mPortId);
+        sSubmixRoutes.erase(mDeviceAddress);
     }
     mCurrentRoute.reset();
 }
@@ -179,6 +184,27 @@
                      : outWrite(buffer, frameCount, actualFrameCount));
 }
 
+::android::status_t StreamRemoteSubmix::getPosition(StreamDescriptor::Position* position) {
+    sp<MonoPipeReader> source = mCurrentRoute->getSource();
+    if (source == nullptr) {
+        return ::android::NO_INIT;
+    }
+    const ssize_t framesInPipe = source->availableToRead();
+    if (framesInPipe < 0) {
+        return ::android::INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    if (mIsInput) {
+        position->frames += framesInPipe;
+    } else {
+        if (position->frames > framesInPipe) {
+            position->frames -= framesInPipe;
+        } else {
+            position->frames = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
 // Calculate the maximum size of the pipe buffer in frames for the specified stream.
 size_t StreamRemoteSubmix::getStreamPipeSizeInFrames() {
     auto pipeConfig = mCurrentRoute->mPipeConfig;
@@ -332,10 +358,11 @@
     return ::android::OK;
 }
 
-StreamInRemoteSubmix::StreamInRemoteSubmix(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                           StreamContext&& context,
+StreamInRemoteSubmix::StreamInRemoteSubmix(StreamContext&& context,
+                                           const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                            const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : StreamRemoteSubmix(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamIn(microphones) {}
+    : StreamIn(std::move(context), microphones),
+      StreamSwitcher(&(StreamIn::mContext), sinkMetadata) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInRemoteSubmix::getActiveMicrophones(
         std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return) {
@@ -344,9 +371,66 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-StreamOutRemoteSubmix::StreamOutRemoteSubmix(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                                             StreamContext&& context,
+StreamSwitcher::DeviceSwitchBehavior StreamInRemoteSubmix::switchCurrentStream(
+        const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices) {
+    // This implementation effectively postpones stream creation until
+    // receiving the first call to 'setConnectedDevices' with a non-empty list.
+    if (isStubStream()) {
+        if (devices.size() == 1) {
+            auto deviceDesc = devices.front().type;
+            if (deviceDesc.type ==
+                ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::IN_SUBMIX) {
+                return DeviceSwitchBehavior::CREATE_NEW_STREAM;
+            }
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Device type " << toString(deviceDesc.type)
+                       << " not supported";
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Only single device supported.";
+        }
+        return DeviceSwitchBehavior::UNSUPPORTED_DEVICES;
+    }
+    return DeviceSwitchBehavior::USE_CURRENT_STREAM;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> StreamInRemoteSubmix::createNewStream(
+        const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices,
+        StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata) {
+    return std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx>(
+            new InnerStreamWrapper<StreamRemoteSubmix>(context, metadata, devices.front().address));
+}
+
+StreamOutRemoteSubmix::StreamOutRemoteSubmix(StreamContext&& context,
+                                             const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                                              const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : StreamRemoteSubmix(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamOut(offloadInfo) {}
+    : StreamOut(std::move(context), offloadInfo),
+      StreamSwitcher(&(StreamOut::mContext), sourceMetadata) {}
+
+StreamSwitcher::DeviceSwitchBehavior StreamOutRemoteSubmix::switchCurrentStream(
+        const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices) {
+    // This implementation effectively postpones stream creation until
+    // receiving the first call to 'setConnectedDevices' with a non-empty list.
+    if (isStubStream()) {
+        if (devices.size() == 1) {
+            auto deviceDesc = devices.front().type;
+            if (deviceDesc.type ==
+                ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::OUT_SUBMIX) {
+                return DeviceSwitchBehavior::CREATE_NEW_STREAM;
+            }
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Device type " << toString(deviceDesc.type)
+                       << " not supported";
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Only single device supported.";
+        }
+        return DeviceSwitchBehavior::UNSUPPORTED_DEVICES;
+    }
+    return DeviceSwitchBehavior::USE_CURRENT_STREAM;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx> StreamOutRemoteSubmix::createNewStream(
+        const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices,
+        StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata) {
+    return std::unique_ptr<StreamCommonInterfaceEx>(
+            new InnerStreamWrapper<StreamRemoteSubmix>(context, metadata, devices.front().address));
+}
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.cpp
index 8f5b8cb..ddac64d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::r_submix {
 
 // Verify a submix input or output stream can be opened.
-bool SubmixRoute::isStreamConfigValid(bool isInput, const AudioConfig streamConfig) {
+bool SubmixRoute::isStreamConfigValid(bool isInput, const AudioConfig& streamConfig) {
     // If the stream is already open, don't open it again.
     // ENABLE_LEGACY_INPUT_OPEN is default behaviour
     if (!isInput && isStreamOutOpen()) {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 
 // Compare this stream config with existing pipe config, returning false if they do *not*
 // match, true otherwise.
-bool SubmixRoute::isStreamConfigCompatible(const AudioConfig streamConfig) {
+bool SubmixRoute::isStreamConfigCompatible(const AudioConfig& streamConfig) {
     if (streamConfig.channelLayout != mPipeConfig.channelLayout) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": channel count mismatch, stream channels = "
                    << streamConfig.channelLayout.toString()
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 
 // If SubmixRoute doesn't exist for a port, create a pipe for the submix audio device of size
 // buffer_size_frames and store config of the submix audio device.
-::android::status_t SubmixRoute::createPipe(const AudioConfig streamConfig) {
+::android::status_t SubmixRoute::createPipe(const AudioConfig& streamConfig) {
     const int channelCount = getChannelCount(streamConfig.channelLayout);
     const audio_format_t audioFormat = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_audio_format_t(streamConfig.format));
@@ -201,9 +201,9 @@
 
     if (isInput) {
         mStreamInStandby = true;
-    } else {
+    } else if (!mStreamOutStandby) {
         mStreamOutStandby = true;
-        mStreamOutStandbyTransition = !mStreamOutStandbyTransition;
+        mStreamOutStandbyTransition = true;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.h b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.h
index 5f7ea75..1a98df2 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/SubmixRoute.h
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@
         return mSource;
     }
 
-    bool isStreamConfigValid(bool isInput, const AudioConfig streamConfig);
+    bool isStreamConfigValid(bool isInput, const AudioConfig& streamConfig);
     void closeStream(bool isInput);
-    ::android::status_t createPipe(const AudioConfig streamConfig);
+    ::android::status_t createPipe(const AudioConfig& streamConfig);
     void exitStandby(bool isInput);
     bool hasAtleastOneStreamOpen();
     int notifyReadError();
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
     long updateReadCounterFrames(size_t frameCount);
 
   private:
-    bool isStreamConfigCompatible(const AudioConfig streamConfig);
+    bool isStreamConfigCompatible(const AudioConfig& streamConfig);
 
     std::mutex mLock;
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f6e0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_ModuleStub"
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "core-impl/Bluetooth.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleStub.h"
+#include "core-impl/StreamStub.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::getBluetooth(std::shared_ptr<IBluetooth>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!mBluetooth) {
+        mBluetooth = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Bluetooth>();
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = mBluetooth.getInstance();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__
+               << ": returning instance of IBluetooth: " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::getBluetoothA2dp(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothA2dp>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!mBluetoothA2dp) {
+        mBluetoothA2dp = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothA2dp>();
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = mBluetoothA2dp.getInstance();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetoothA2dp: "
+               << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::getBluetoothLe(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothLe>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!mBluetoothLe) {
+        mBluetoothLe = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothLe>();
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = mBluetoothLe.getInstance();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__
+               << ": returning instance of IBluetoothLe: " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::createInputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                 const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+                                                 const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
+                                                 std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
+                                              microphones);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::createOutputStream(
+        StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+        const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
+                                               offloadInfo);
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp
rename to audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp
index 2dcf4d4..66f4605 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamStub::StreamStub(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamCommonImpl(metadata, std::move(context)),
+StreamStub::StreamStub(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata)
+    : StreamCommonImpl(context, metadata),
       mFrameSizeBytes(getContext().getFrameSize()),
       mSampleRate(getContext().getSampleRate()),
       mIsAsynchronous(!!getContext().getAsyncCallback()),
@@ -118,12 +118,13 @@
     mIsInitialized = false;
 }
 
-StreamInStub::StreamInStub(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamInStub::StreamInStub(StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                            const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : StreamStub(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamIn(microphones) {}
+    : StreamIn(std::move(context), microphones), StreamStub(&(StreamIn::mContext), sinkMetadata) {}
 
-StreamOutStub::StreamOutStub(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamOutStub::StreamOutStub(StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                              const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : StreamStub(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamOut(offloadInfo) {}
+    : StreamOut(std::move(context), offloadInfo),
+      StreamStub(&(StreamOut::mContext), sourceMetadata) {}
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
index 5c9d477..f926e09 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
@@ -14,68 +14,34 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_ModuleUsb"
-
 #include <vector>
 
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_ModuleUsb"
 #include <Utils.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <tinyalsa/asoundlib.h>
 
 #include "UsbAlsaMixerControl.h"
-#include "UsbAlsaUtils.h"
+#include "alsa/Utils.h"
 #include "core-impl/ModuleUsb.h"
 #include "core-impl/StreamUsb.h"
 
-extern "C" {
-#include "alsa_device_profile.h"
-}
-
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceDescription;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioIoFlags;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioProfile;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
 namespace {
 
-std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> populateChannelMasksFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile,
-                                                                bool isInput) {
-    std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> channels;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_PORT_MAX_CHANNEL_MASKS && profile->channel_counts[i] != 0; ++i) {
-        auto layoutMask =
-                usb::getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(profile->channel_counts[i], isInput);
-        if (layoutMask.getTag() == AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask) {
-            channels.push_back(layoutMask);
-        }
-        auto indexMask = usb::getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(profile->channel_counts[i]);
-        if (indexMask.getTag() == AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask) {
-            channels.push_back(indexMask);
-        }
-    }
-    return channels;
-}
-
-std::vector<int> populateSampleRatesFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile) {
-    std::vector<int> sampleRates;
-    for (int i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_RATES, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_SAMPLING_RATES) &&
-                    profile->sample_rates[i] != 0;
-         i++) {
-        sampleRates.push_back(profile->sample_rates[i]);
-    }
-    return sampleRates;
+bool isUsbDevicePort(const AudioPort& audioPort) {
+    return audioPort.ext.getTag() == AudioPortExt::Tag::device &&
+           audioPort.ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::device>().device.type.connection ==
+                   AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -102,75 +68,31 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createInputStream(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                                StreamContext&& context,
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createInputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                                 const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
                                                 std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInUsb>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context), microphones);
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInUsb>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata, microphones);
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createOutputStream(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                                                 StreamContext&& context,
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createOutputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                 const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                                                  const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo,
                                                  std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
     if (offloadInfo.has_value()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": offload is not supported";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutUsb>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutUsb>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                               offloadInfo);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::populateConnectedDevicePort(AudioPort* audioPort) {
-    if (audioPort->ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::device) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " is not a device port";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
-    auto& devicePort = audioPort->ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::device>();
-    if (devicePort.device.type.connection != AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB) {
+    if (!isUsbDevicePort(*audioPort)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " is not a usb device port";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    if (devicePort.device.address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " is not using alsa address";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
-    auto& alsaAddress = devicePort.device.address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa>();
-    if (alsaAddress.size() != 2 || alsaAddress[0] < 0 || alsaAddress[1] < 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " invalid alsa address";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
-
-    const bool isInput = audioPort->flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::input;
-    alsa_device_profile profile;
-    profile_init(&profile, isInput ? PCM_IN : PCM_OUT);
-    profile.card = alsaAddress[0];
-    profile.device = alsaAddress[1];
-    if (!profile_read_device_info(&profile)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to read device info, card=" << profile.card
-                   << ", device=" << profile.device;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    }
-
-    std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> channels = populateChannelMasksFromProfile(&profile, isInput);
-    std::vector<int> sampleRates = populateSampleRatesFromProfile(&profile);
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_FORMATS, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_AUDIO_PROFILES) &&
-                       profile.formats[i] != PCM_FORMAT_INVALID;
-         ++i) {
-        auto audioFormatDescription =
-                usb::legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(profile.formats[i]);
-        if (audioFormatDescription.type == AudioFormatType::DEFAULT) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": unknown pcm type=" << profile.formats[i];
-            continue;
-        }
-        AudioProfile audioProfile = {.format = audioFormatDescription,
-                                     .channelMasks = channels,
-                                     .sampleRates = sampleRates};
-        audioPort->profiles.push_back(std::move(audioProfile));
-    }
-
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    return ModuleAlsa::populateConnectedDevicePort(audioPort);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::checkAudioPatchEndpointsMatch(
@@ -191,15 +113,14 @@
 
 void ModuleUsb::onExternalDeviceConnectionChanged(
         const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort& audioPort, bool connected) {
-    if (audioPort.ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::device) {
+    if (!isUsbDevicePort(audioPort)) {
         return;
     }
-    const auto& address = audioPort.ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::device>().device.address;
-    if (address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::alsa) {
+    auto profile = alsa::getDeviceProfile(audioPort);
+    if (!profile.has_value()) {
         return;
     }
-    const int card = address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::alsa>()[0];
-    usb::UsbAlsaMixerControl::getInstance().setDeviceConnectionState(card, getMasterMute(),
+    usb::UsbAlsaMixerControl::getInstance().setDeviceConnectionState(profile->card, getMasterMute(),
                                                                      getMasterVolume(), connected);
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
index 17e1ab4..9684a87 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
@@ -23,64 +23,20 @@
 #include <error/expected_utils.h>
 
 #include "UsbAlsaMixerControl.h"
-#include "UsbAlsaUtils.h"
-#include "core-impl/Module.h"
 #include "core-impl/StreamUsb.h"
 
-extern "C" {
-#include "alsa_device_profile.h"
-}
-
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::getChannelCount;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneDynamicInfo;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo;
-using android::OK;
-using android::status_t;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamUsb::StreamUsb(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamCommonImpl(metadata, std::move(context)),
-      mFrameSizeBytes(getContext().getFrameSize()),
-      mIsInput(isInput(metadata)),
-      mConfig(maybePopulateConfig(getContext(), mIsInput)) {}
-
-// static
-std::optional<struct pcm_config> StreamUsb::maybePopulateConfig(const StreamContext& context,
-                                                                bool isInput) {
-    struct pcm_config config;
-    config.channels = usb::getChannelCountFromChannelMask(context.getChannelLayout(), isInput);
-    if (config.channels == 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid channel=" << context.getChannelLayout().toString();
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    config.format = usb::aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(context.getFormat());
-    if (config.format == PCM_FORMAT_INVALID) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid format=" << context.getFormat().toString();
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    config.rate = context.getSampleRate();
-    if (config.rate == 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid sample rate=" << config.rate;
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    return config;
-}
-
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::init() {
-    return mConfig.has_value() ? ::android::OK : ::android::NO_INIT;
-}
-
-const StreamCommonInterface::ConnectedDevices& StreamUsb::getConnectedDevices() const {
-    std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
-    return mConnectedDevices;
-}
+StreamUsb::StreamUsb(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata)
+    : StreamAlsa(context, metadata, 1 /*readWriteRetries*/) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamUsb::setConnectedDevices(
         const std::vector<AudioDevice>& connectedDevices) {
@@ -89,122 +45,47 @@
                    << ") for input stream";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
     }
+    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProfile> connectedDeviceProfiles;
     for (const auto& connectedDevice : connectedDevices) {
-        if (connectedDevice.address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::alsa) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": bad device address" << connectedDevice.address.toString();
+        auto profile = alsa::getDeviceProfile(connectedDevice, mIsInput);
+        if (!profile.has_value()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                       << ": unsupported device address=" << connectedDevice.address.toString();
             return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
         }
+        connectedDeviceProfiles.push_back(*profile);
     }
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(setConnectedDevices(connectedDevices));
     std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(StreamCommonImpl::setConnectedDevices(connectedDevices));
+    mConnectedDeviceProfiles = std::move(connectedDeviceProfiles);
     mConnectedDevicesUpdated.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) {
-    usleep(1000);
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::flush() {
-    usleep(1000);
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::pause() {
-    usleep(1000);
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
 ::android::status_t StreamUsb::transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
                                         int32_t* latencyMs) {
     if (mConnectedDevicesUpdated.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-        // 'setConnectedDevices' has been called. I/O will be restarted.
+        // 'setConnectedDevices' was called. I/O will be restarted.
         *actualFrameCount = 0;
         *latencyMs = StreamDescriptor::LATENCY_UNKNOWN;
         return ::android::OK;
     }
-    const size_t bytesToTransfer = frameCount * mFrameSizeBytes;
-    unsigned maxLatency = 0;
-    if (mIsInput) {
-        if (mAlsaDeviceProxies.empty()) {
-            LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": no input devices";
-            return ::android::NO_INIT;
-        }
-        // For input case, only support single device.
-        proxy_read(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer);
-        maxLatency = proxy_get_latency(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get());
-    } else {
-        for (auto& proxy : mAlsaDeviceProxies) {
-            proxy_write(proxy.get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer);
-            maxLatency = std::max(maxLatency, proxy_get_latency(proxy.get()));
-        }
-    }
-    *actualFrameCount = frameCount;
-    maxLatency = std::min(maxLatency, static_cast<unsigned>(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()));
-    *latencyMs = maxLatency;
-    return ::android::OK;
+    return StreamAlsa::transfer(buffer, frameCount, actualFrameCount, latencyMs);
 }
 
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::standby() {
-    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
-void StreamUsb::shutdown() {
-    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
-}
-
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::start() {
-    std::vector<AudioDeviceAddress> connectedDevices;
+std::vector<alsa::DeviceProfile> StreamUsb::getDeviceProfiles() {
+    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProfile> connectedDevices;
     {
         std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
-        std::transform(mConnectedDevices.begin(), mConnectedDevices.end(),
-                       std::back_inserter(connectedDevices),
-                       [](const auto& device) { return device.address; });
+        connectedDevices = mConnectedDeviceProfiles;
         mConnectedDevicesUpdated.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
     }
-    decltype(mAlsaDeviceProxies) alsaDeviceProxies;
-    for (const auto& device : connectedDevices) {
-        alsa_device_profile profile;
-        profile_init(&profile, mIsInput ? PCM_IN : PCM_OUT);
-        profile.card = device.get<AudioDeviceAddress::alsa>()[0];
-        profile.device = device.get<AudioDeviceAddress::alsa>()[1];
-        if (!profile_read_device_info(&profile)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__
-                       << ": unable to read device info, device address=" << device.toString();
-            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-        }
-
-        AlsaDeviceProxy proxy(new alsa_device_proxy, [](alsa_device_proxy* proxy) {
-            proxy_close(proxy);
-            free(proxy);
-        });
-        // Always ask for alsa configure as required since the configuration should be supported
-        // by the connected device. That is guaranteed by `setAudioPortConfig` and
-        // `setAudioPatch`.
-        if (int err = proxy_prepare(proxy.get(), &profile,
-                                    const_cast<struct pcm_config*>(&mConfig.value()),
-                                    true /*is_bit_perfect*/);
-            err != 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << device.toString()
-                       << " error=" << err;
-            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-        }
-        if (int err = proxy_open(proxy.get()); err != 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open device, address=" << device.toString()
-                       << " error=" << err;
-            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-        }
-        alsaDeviceProxies.push_back(std::move(proxy));
-    }
-    mAlsaDeviceProxies = std::move(alsaDeviceProxies);
-    return ::android::OK;
+    return connectedDevices;
 }
 
-StreamInUsb::StreamInUsb(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamInUsb::StreamInUsb(StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                          const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : StreamUsb(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamIn(microphones) {}
+    : StreamIn(std::move(context), microphones), StreamUsb(&(StreamIn::mContext), sinkMetadata) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInUsb::getActiveMicrophones(
         std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return __unused) {
@@ -212,11 +93,11 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
 }
 
-StreamOutUsb::StreamOutUsb(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamOutUsb::StreamOutUsb(StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                            const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : StreamUsb(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamOut(offloadInfo) {
-    mChannelCount = getChannelCount(getContext().getChannelLayout());
-}
+    : StreamOut(std::move(context), offloadInfo),
+      StreamUsb(&(StreamOut::mContext), sourceMetadata),
+      mChannelCount(getChannelCount(getContext().getChannelLayout())) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOutUsb::getHwVolume(std::vector<float>* _aidl_return) {
     *_aidl_return = mHwVolumes;
@@ -224,17 +105,17 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOutUsb::setHwVolume(const std::vector<float>& in_channelVolumes) {
+    // Avoid using mConnectedDeviceProfiles because it requires a lock.
     for (const auto& device : getConnectedDevices()) {
-        if (device.address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::alsa) {
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": skip as the device address is not alsa";
-            continue;
-        }
-        const int card = device.address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::alsa>()[0];
-        if (auto result =
-                    usb::UsbAlsaMixerControl::getInstance().setVolumes(card, in_channelVolumes);
-            !result.isOk()) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set volume for device, card=" << card;
-            return result;
+        if (auto deviceProfile = alsa::getDeviceProfile(device, mIsInput);
+            deviceProfile.has_value()) {
+            if (auto result = usb::UsbAlsaMixerControl::getInstance().setVolumes(
+                        deviceProfile->card, in_channelVolumes);
+                !result.isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                           << ": failed to set volume for device address=" << *deviceProfile;
+                return result;
+            }
         }
     }
     mHwVolumes = in_channelVolumes;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp
index 6c0c24b..0a49446 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp
@@ -17,144 +17,12 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "AHAL_UsbAlsaMixerControl"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#include <cmath>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
 #include <android/binder_status.h>
 
 #include "UsbAlsaMixerControl.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb {
 
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-MixerControl::MixerControl(struct mixer_ctl* ctl)
-    : mCtl(ctl),
-      mNumValues(mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl)),
-      mMinValue(mixer_ctl_get_range_min(ctl)),
-      mMaxValue(mixer_ctl_get_range_max(ctl)) {}
-
-unsigned int MixerControl::getNumValues() const {
-    return mNumValues;
-}
-
-int MixerControl::getMaxValue() const {
-    return mMaxValue;
-}
-
-int MixerControl::getMinValue() const {
-    return mMinValue;
-}
-
-int MixerControl::setArray(const void* array, size_t count) {
-    const std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
-    return mixer_ctl_set_array(mCtl, array, count);
-}
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// static
-const std::map<AlsaMixer::Control, std::vector<AlsaMixer::ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>>
-        AlsaMixer::kPossibleControls = {
-                {AlsaMixer::MASTER_SWITCH, {{"Master Playback Switch", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_BOOL}}},
-                {AlsaMixer::MASTER_VOLUME, {{"Master Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}},
-                {AlsaMixer::HW_VOLUME,
-                 {{"Headphone Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT},
-                  {"Headset Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT},
-                  {"PCM Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}}};
-
-// static
-std::map<AlsaMixer::Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> AlsaMixer::initializeMixerControls(
-        struct mixer* mixer) {
-    std::map<AlsaMixer::Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> mixerControls;
-    std::string mixerCtlNames;
-    for (const auto& [control, possibleCtls] : kPossibleControls) {
-        for (const auto& [ctlName, expectedCtlType] : possibleCtls) {
-            struct mixer_ctl* ctl = mixer_get_ctl_by_name(mixer, ctlName.c_str());
-            if (ctl != nullptr && mixer_ctl_get_type(ctl) == expectedCtlType) {
-                mixerControls.emplace(control, std::make_unique<MixerControl>(ctl));
-                if (!mixerCtlNames.empty()) {
-                    mixerCtlNames += ",";
-                }
-                mixerCtlNames += ctlName;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": available mixer control names=[" << mixerCtlNames << "]";
-    return mixerControls;
-}
-
-AlsaMixer::AlsaMixer(struct mixer* mixer)
-    : mMixer(mixer), mMixerControls(initializeMixerControls(mMixer)) {}
-
-AlsaMixer::~AlsaMixer() {
-    mixer_close(mMixer);
-}
-
-namespace {
-
-int volumeFloatToInteger(float fValue, int maxValue, int minValue) {
-    return minValue + std::ceil((maxValue - minValue) * fValue);
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus AlsaMixer::setMasterMute(bool muted) {
-    auto it = mMixerControls.find(AlsaMixer::MASTER_SWITCH);
-    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
-    }
-    const int numValues = it->second->getNumValues();
-    std::vector<int> values(numValues, muted ? 0 : 1);
-    if (int err = it->second->setArray(values.data(), numValues); err != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set master mute, err=" << err;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    }
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus AlsaMixer::setMasterVolume(float volume) {
-    auto it = mMixerControls.find(AlsaMixer::MASTER_VOLUME);
-    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
-    }
-    const int numValues = it->second->getNumValues();
-    std::vector<int> values(numValues, volumeFloatToInteger(volume, it->second->getMaxValue(),
-                                                            it->second->getMinValue()));
-    if (int err = it->second->setArray(values.data(), numValues); err != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set master volume, err=" << err;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    }
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus AlsaMixer::setVolumes(std::vector<float> volumes) {
-    auto it = mMixerControls.find(AlsaMixer::HW_VOLUME);
-    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
-    }
-    const int numValues = it->second->getNumValues();
-    if (numValues < 0) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": negative number of values: " << numValues;
-    }
-    const int maxValue = it->second->getMaxValue();
-    const int minValue = it->second->getMinValue();
-    std::vector<int> values;
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i < static_cast<size_t>(numValues) && i < values.size(); ++i) {
-        values.emplace_back(volumeFloatToInteger(volumes[i], maxValue, minValue));
-    }
-    if (int err = it->second->setArray(values.data(), values.size()); err != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set volume, err=" << err;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    }
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 // static
 UsbAlsaMixerControl& UsbAlsaMixerControl::getInstance() {
     static UsbAlsaMixerControl gInstance;
@@ -165,12 +33,10 @@
                                                    bool connected) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": card=" << card << ", connected=" << connected;
     if (connected) {
-        struct mixer* mixer = mixer_open(card);
-        if (mixer == nullptr) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open mixer for card=" << card;
+        auto alsaMixer = std::make_shared<alsa::Mixer>(card);
+        if (!alsaMixer->isValid()) {
             return;
         }
-        auto alsaMixer = std::make_shared<AlsaMixer>(mixer);
         alsaMixer->setMasterMute(masterMuted);
         alsaMixer->setMasterVolume(masterVolume);
         const std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
@@ -209,7 +75,7 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus UsbAlsaMixerControl::setVolumes(int card, std::vector<float> volumes) {
+ndk::ScopedAStatus UsbAlsaMixerControl::setVolumes(int card, const std::vector<float>& volumes) {
     auto alsaMixer = getAlsaMixer(card);
     if (alsaMixer == nullptr) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": no mixer control found for card=" << card;
@@ -218,13 +84,13 @@
     return alsaMixer->setVolumes(volumes);
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<AlsaMixer> UsbAlsaMixerControl::getAlsaMixer(int card) {
+std::shared_ptr<alsa::Mixer> UsbAlsaMixerControl::getAlsaMixer(int card) {
     const std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
     const auto it = mMixerControls.find(card);
     return it == mMixerControls.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
 }
 
-std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<AlsaMixer>> UsbAlsaMixerControl::getAlsaMixers() {
+std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<alsa::Mixer>> UsbAlsaMixerControl::getAlsaMixers() {
     const std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
     return mMixerControls;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.h b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.h
index cbcddd8..c3265f8 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.h
@@ -19,67 +19,15 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
 
-extern "C" {
-#include <tinyalsa/mixer.h>
-}
+#include "alsa/Mixer.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb {
 
-class MixerControl {
-  public:
-    explicit MixerControl(struct mixer_ctl* ctl);
-
-    unsigned int getNumValues() const;
-    int getMaxValue() const;
-    int getMinValue() const;
-    int setArray(const void* array, size_t count);
-
-  private:
-    std::mutex mLock;
-    // The mixer_ctl object is owned by ALSA and will be released when the mixer is closed.
-    struct mixer_ctl* mCtl GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    const unsigned int mNumValues;
-    const int mMinValue;
-    const int mMaxValue;
-};
-
-class AlsaMixer {
-  public:
-    explicit AlsaMixer(struct mixer* mixer);
-
-    ~AlsaMixer();
-
-    bool isValid() const { return mMixer != nullptr; }
-
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterMute(bool muted);
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterVolume(float volume);
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus setVolumes(std::vector<float> volumes);
-
-  private:
-    enum Control {
-        MASTER_SWITCH,
-        MASTER_VOLUME,
-        HW_VOLUME,
-    };
-    using ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType = std::pair<std::string, enum mixer_ctl_type>;
-    static const std::map<Control, std::vector<ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>> kPossibleControls;
-    static std::map<Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> initializeMixerControls(
-            struct mixer* mixer);
-
-    // The mixer object is owned by ALSA and will be released when the mixer is closed.
-    struct mixer* mMixer;
-    // `mMixerControls` will only be initialized in constructor. After that, it wil only be
-    // read but not be modified.
-    const std::map<Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> mMixerControls;
-};
-
 class UsbAlsaMixerControl {
   public:
     static UsbAlsaMixerControl& getInstance();
@@ -91,16 +39,16 @@
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterMute(bool muted);
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterVolume(float volume);
     // The volume settings can be different on sound cards. It is controlled by streams.
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus setVolumes(int card, std::vector<float> volumes);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setVolumes(int card, const std::vector<float>& volumes);
 
   private:
-    std::shared_ptr<AlsaMixer> getAlsaMixer(int card);
-    std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<AlsaMixer>> getAlsaMixers();
+    std::shared_ptr<alsa::Mixer> getAlsaMixer(int card);
+    std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<alsa::Mixer>> getAlsaMixers();
 
     std::mutex mLock;
     // A map whose key is the card number and value is a shared pointer to corresponding
     // AlsaMixer object.
-    std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<AlsaMixer>> mMixerControls GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<alsa::Mixer>> mMixerControls GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 74d9c28..0000000
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
-
-#include <Utils.h>
-#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatType.h>
-#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/PcmType.h>
-
-#include "UsbAlsaUtils.h"
-#include "core-impl/utils.h"
-
-using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::getChannelCount;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
-
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb {
-
-namespace {
-
-using AudioChannelCountToMaskMap = std::map<unsigned int, AudioChannelLayout>;
-using AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap = std::map<AudioFormatDescription, enum pcm_format>;
-using PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap = std::map<enum pcm_format, AudioFormatDescription>;
-
-static const AudioChannelLayout INVALID_CHANNEL_LAYOUT =
-        AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::invalid>(0);
-
-#define DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(n) \
-    AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask>(AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_##n)
-
-static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> SUPPORTED_OUT_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS = {
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(MONO),          DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(STEREO),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(2POINT1),       DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(QUAD),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(PENTA),         DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(5POINT1),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(6POINT1),       DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(7POINT1),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(7POINT1POINT4), DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(22POINT2),
-};
-
-static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> SUPPORTED_IN_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS = {
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(MONO),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(STEREO),
-};
-
-#define DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(n) \
-    AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask>(AudioChannelLayout::INDEX_MASK_##n)
-
-static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> SUPPORTED_INDEX_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS = {
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(1),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(2),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(3),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(4),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(5),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(6),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(7),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(8),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(9),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(10), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(11), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(12),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(13), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(14), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(15),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(16), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(17), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(18),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(19), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(20), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(21),
-        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(22), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(23), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(24),
-};
-
-static AudioChannelCountToMaskMap make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(
-        const std::set<AudioChannelLayout>& channelMasks) {
-    AudioChannelCountToMaskMap channelMaskToCountMap;
-    for (const auto& channelMask : channelMasks) {
-        channelMaskToCountMap.emplace(getChannelCount(channelMask), channelMask);
-    }
-    return channelMaskToCountMap;
-}
-
-const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap() {
-    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap outLayouts =
-            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(SUPPORTED_OUT_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS);
-    return outLayouts;
-}
-
-const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() {
-    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap inLayouts =
-            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(SUPPORTED_IN_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS);
-    return inLayouts;
-}
-
-const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap() {
-    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap indexLayouts =
-            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(SUPPORTED_INDEX_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS);
-    return indexLayouts;
-}
-
-AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType type) {
-    AudioFormatDescription result;
-    result.type = type;
-    return result;
-}
-
-AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType pcm) {
-    auto result = make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType::PCM);
-    result.pcm = pcm;
-    return result;
-}
-
-const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap& getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap() {
-    static const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap formatDescToPcmFormatMap = {
-            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::UINT_8_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S8},
-            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_16_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE},
-            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FIXED_Q_8_24), PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE},
-            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_24_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE},
-            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_32_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE},
-            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE},
-    };
-    return formatDescToPcmFormatMap;
-}
-
-static PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap make_PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(
-        const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap& formatDescToPcmFormatMap) {
-    PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap result;
-    for (const auto& formatPair : formatDescToPcmFormatMap) {
-        result.emplace(formatPair.second, formatPair.first);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-const PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap& getPcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap() {
-    static const PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap pcmFormatToFormatDescMap =
-            make_PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap());
-    return pcmFormatToFormatDescMap;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(unsigned int channelCount, int isInput) {
-    return findValueOrDefault(
-            isInput ? getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() : getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap(),
-            channelCount, INVALID_CHANNEL_LAYOUT);
-}
-
-AudioChannelLayout getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(unsigned int channelCount) {
-    return findValueOrDefault(getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap(), channelCount,
-                              INVALID_CHANNEL_LAYOUT);
-}
-
-unsigned int getChannelCountFromChannelMask(const AudioChannelLayout& channelMask, bool isInput) {
-    switch (channelMask.getTag()) {
-        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask: {
-            return findKeyOrDefault(
-                    isInput ? getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() : getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap(),
-                    (unsigned int)getChannelCount(channelMask), 0u /*defaultValue*/);
-        }
-        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask: {
-            return findKeyOrDefault(getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap(),
-                                    (unsigned int)getChannelCount(channelMask),
-                                    0u /*defaultValue*/);
-        }
-        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::none:
-        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::invalid:
-        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::voiceMask:
-        default:
-            return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-AudioFormatDescription legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(enum pcm_format legacy) {
-    return findValueOrDefault(getPcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(), legacy, AudioFormatDescription());
-}
-
-pcm_format aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(const AudioFormatDescription& aidl) {
-    return findValueOrDefault(getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap(), aidl, PCM_FORMAT_INVALID);
-}
-
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.h b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d2f0f4..0000000
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioChannelLayout.h>
-#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatDescription.h>
-
-extern "C" {
-#include <tinyalsa/pcm.h>
-}
-
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb {
-
-::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(
-        unsigned int channelCount, int isInput);
-::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(
-        unsigned int channelCount);
-unsigned int getChannelCountFromChannelMask(
-        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout& channelMask, bool isInput);
-::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription
-legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(enum pcm_format legacy);
-pcm_format aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(
-        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription& aidl);
-
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp
index 1a7c3d4..0354e3c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mFactory);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(create(mFactory, mEffect, mDescriptor));
 
-        Parameter::Specific specific = getDefaultParamSpecific();
+        auto specific = getDefaultParamSpecific();
         Parameter::Common common = EffectHelper::createParamCommon(
                 0 /* session */, 1 /* ioHandle */, 44100 /* iSampleRate */, 44100 /* oSampleRate */,
                 kInputFrameCount /* iFrameCount */, kOutputFrameCount /* oFrameCount */);
@@ -65,8 +65,13 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
     }
 
-    Parameter::Specific getDefaultParamSpecific() {
-        AcousticEchoCanceler aec = AcousticEchoCanceler::make<AcousticEchoCanceler::echoDelayUs>(0);
+    std::optional<Parameter::Specific> getDefaultParamSpecific() {
+        auto aec = AcousticEchoCanceler::make<AcousticEchoCanceler::echoDelayUs>(0);
+        if (!isParameterValid<AcousticEchoCanceler, Range::acousticEchoCanceler>(aec,
+                                                                                 mDescriptor)) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
         Parameter::Specific specific =
                 Parameter::Specific::make<Parameter::Specific::acousticEchoCanceler>(aec);
         return specific;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp
index bbb11fc..624d5d2 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mFactory);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(create(mFactory, mEffect, mDescriptor));
 
-        Parameter::Specific specific = getDefaultParamSpecific();
+        std::optional<Parameter::Specific> specific = getDefaultParamSpecific();
         Parameter::Common common = EffectHelper::createParamCommon(
                 0 /* session */, 1 /* ioHandle */, 44100 /* iSampleRate */, 44100 /* oSampleRate */,
                 kInputFrameCount /* iFrameCount */, kOutputFrameCount /* oFrameCount */);
@@ -62,9 +62,13 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
     }
 
-    Parameter::Specific getDefaultParamSpecific() {
+    std::optional<Parameter::Specific> getDefaultParamSpecific() {
         NoiseSuppression ns =
                 NoiseSuppression::make<NoiseSuppression::level>(NoiseSuppression::Level::MEDIUM);
+        if (!isParameterValid<NoiseSuppression, Range::noiseSuppression>(ns, mDescriptor)) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
         Parameter::Specific specific =
                 Parameter::Specific::make<Parameter::Specific::noiseSuppression>(ns);
         return specific;
@@ -85,7 +89,9 @@
             // validate parameter
             Descriptor desc;
             ASSERT_STATUS(EX_NONE, mEffect->getDescriptor(&desc));
-            const binder_exception_t expected = EX_NONE;
+            const bool valid =
+                    isParameterValid<NoiseSuppression, Range::noiseSuppression>(ns, desc);
+            const binder_exception_t expected = valid ? EX_NONE : EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
 
             // set parameter
             Parameter expectParam;
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl b/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
index 28bacb0..7d88810 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
      *  int32Values[4] = wheel base
      *  int32Values[5] = track width front
      *  int32Values[6] = track width rear
-     *  int32Values[7] = curb to curb turning radius
+     *  int32Values[7] = curb to curb turning diameter
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
@@ -421,6 +421,7 @@
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
      * @unit VehicleUnit:METER
      */
     RANGE_REMAINING = 0x0308 + 0x10000000 + 0x01000000
@@ -4476,6 +4477,9 @@
      * powers on the vehicle. VEHICLE_IN_USE is set to true. After a driving session, user powers
      * off the vehicle, VEHICLE_IN_USE is set to false.
      *
+     * <p>This property is defined as VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE, but OEMs have the option to
+     * implement it as VehiclePropertyAccess.READ only.
+     *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/tools/generate_annotation_enums.py b/automotive/vehicle/tools/generate_annotation_enums.py
index 7276fe6..c432e9d 100755
--- a/automotive/vehicle/tools/generate_annotation_enums.py
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/tools/generate_annotation_enums.py
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 RE_COMMENT_END = re.compile('\s*\*\/')
 RE_CHANGE_MODE = re.compile('\s*\* @change_mode (\S+)\s*')
 RE_ACCESS = re.compile('\s*\* @access (\S+)\s*')
+RE_DATA_ENUM = re.compile('\s*\* @data_enum (\S+)\s*')
+RE_UNIT = re.compile('\s*\* @unit (\S+)\s+')
 RE_VALUE = re.compile('\s*(\w+)\s*=(.*)')
 
 LICENSE = """/*
@@ -166,55 +168,121 @@
 """
 
 
-class Converter:
+class PropertyConfig:
+    """Represents one VHAL property definition in VehicleProperty.aidl."""
 
-    def __init__(self, name, annotation_re):
-        self.name = name
-        self.annotation_re = annotation_re
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.name = None
+        self.description = None
+        self.change_mode = None
+        self.access_modes = []
+        self.enum_types = []
+        self.unit_type = None
 
-    def convert(self, input, output, header, footer, cpp):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__str__()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('PropertyConfig{{' +
+            'name: {}, description: {}, change_mode: {}, access_modes: {}, enum_types: {}' +
+            ', unit_type: {}}}').format(self.name, self.description, self.change_mode,
+                self.access_modes, self.enum_types, self.unit_type)
+
+
+class FileParser:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.configs = None
+
+    def parseFile(self, input_file):
+        """Parses the input VehicleProperty.aidl file into a list of property configs."""
         processing = False
         in_comment = False
-        content = LICENSE + header
-        annotation = None
-        id = 0
-        with open(input, 'r') as f:
+        configs = []
+        config = None
+        with open(input_file, 'r') as f:
             for line in f.readlines():
                 if RE_ENUM_START.match(line):
                     processing = True
-                    annotation = None
                 elif RE_ENUM_END.match(line):
                     processing = False
                 if not processing:
                     continue
                 if RE_COMMENT_BEGIN.match(line):
                     in_comment = True
-                    annotation = None
+                    config = PropertyConfig()
+                    description = ''
                 if RE_COMMENT_END.match(line):
                     in_comment = False
                 if in_comment:
-                    match = self.annotation_re.match(line)
-                    if match and not annotation:
-                        annotation = match.group(1)
+                    if not config.description:
+                        sline = line.strip()
+                        # Skip the first line of comment
+                        if sline.startswith('*'):
+                            # Remove the '*'.
+                            sline = sline[1:].strip()
+                            # We reach an empty line of comment, the description part is ending.
+                            if sline == '':
+                                config.description = description
+                            else:
+                                if description != '':
+                                    description += ' '
+                                description += sline
+                    match = RE_CHANGE_MODE.match(line)
+                    if match:
+                        config.change_mode = match.group(1).replace('VehiclePropertyChangeMode.', '')
+                    match = RE_ACCESS.match(line)
+                    if match:
+                        config.access_modes.append(match.group(1).replace('VehiclePropertyAccess.', ''))
+                    match = RE_UNIT.match(line)
+                    if match:
+                        config.unit_type = match.group(1)
+                    match = RE_DATA_ENUM.match(line)
+                    if match:
+                        config.enum_types.append(match.group(1))
                 else:
                     match = RE_VALUE.match(line)
                     if match:
                         prop_name = match.group(1)
                         if prop_name == 'INVALID':
                             continue
-                        if not annotation:
+                        if not config.change_mode:
                             raise Exception(
-                                    'No @' + self.name + ' annotation for property: ' + prop_name)
-                        if id != 0:
-                            content += '\n'
-                        if cpp:
-                            annotation = annotation.replace('.', '::')
-                            content += (TAB + TAB + '{VehicleProperty::' + prop_name + ', ' +
-                                        annotation + '},')
-                        else:
-                            content += (TAB + TAB + 'Map.entry(VehicleProperty.' + prop_name + ', ' +
-                                        annotation + '),')
-                        id += 1
+                                    'No change_mode annotation for property: ' + prop_name)
+                        if not config.access_modes:
+                            raise Exception(
+                                    'No access_mode annotation for property: ' + prop_name)
+                        config.name = prop_name
+                        configs.append(config)
+
+        self.configs = configs
+
+    def convert(self, output, header, footer, cpp, field):
+        """Converts the property config file to C++/Java output file."""
+        counter = 0
+        content = LICENSE + header
+        for config in self.configs:
+            if field == 'change_mode':
+                if cpp:
+                    annotation = "VehiclePropertyChangeMode::" + config.change_mode
+                else:
+                    annotation = "VehiclePropertyChangeMode." + config.change_mode
+            elif field == 'access_mode':
+                if cpp:
+                    annotation = "VehiclePropertyAccess::" + config.access_modes[0]
+                else:
+                    annotation = "VehiclePropertyAccess." + config.access_modes[0]
+            else:
+                raise Exception('Unknown field: ' + field)
+            if counter != 0:
+                content += '\n'
+            if cpp:
+                content += (TAB + TAB + '{VehicleProperty::' + config.name + ', ' +
+                            annotation + '},')
+            else:
+                content += (TAB + TAB + 'Map.entry(VehicleProperty.' + config.name + ', ' +
+                            annotation + '),')
+            counter += 1
 
         # Remove the additional ',' at the end for the Java file.
         if not cpp:
@@ -225,6 +293,30 @@
         with open(output, 'w') as f:
             f.write(content)
 
+    def outputAsCsv(self, output):
+        content = 'name,description,change mode,access mode,enum type,unit type\n'
+        for config in self.configs:
+            enum_types = None
+            if not config.enum_types:
+                enum_types = '/'
+            else:
+                enum_types = '/'.join(config.enum_types)
+            unit_type = config.unit_type
+            if not unit_type:
+                unit_type = '/'
+            access_modes = ''
+            content += '"{}","{}","{}","{}","{}","{}"\n'.format(
+                    config.name,
+                    # Need to escape quote as double quote.
+                    config.description.replace('"', '""'),
+                    config.change_mode,
+                    '/'.join(config.access_modes),
+                    enum_types,
+                    unit_type)
+
+        with open(output, 'w+') as f:
+            f.write(content)
+
 
 def createTempFile():
     f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False);
@@ -239,6 +331,8 @@
     parser.add_argument('--preupload_files', nargs='+', required=False, help='modified files')
     parser.add_argument('--check_only', required=False, action='store_true',
             help='only check whether the generated files need update')
+    parser.add_argument('--output_csv', required=False,
+            help='Path to the parsing result in CSV style, useful for doc generation')
     args = parser.parse_args();
     android_top = None
     output_folder = None
@@ -258,6 +352,12 @@
             'at the android root')
 
     aidl_file = os.path.join(android_top, PROP_AIDL_FILE_PATH)
+    f = FileParser();
+    f.parseFile(aidl_file)
+
+    if args.output_csv:
+        f.outputAsCsv(args.output_csv)
+        return
 
     change_mode_cpp_file = os.path.join(android_top, CHANGE_MODE_CPP_FILE_PATH);
     access_cpp_file = os.path.join(android_top, ACCESS_CPP_FILE_PATH);
@@ -281,14 +381,12 @@
         temp_files.append(access_java_output)
 
     try:
-        c = Converter('change_mode', RE_CHANGE_MODE);
-        c.convert(aidl_file, change_mode_cpp_output, CHANGE_MODE_CPP_HEADER, CHANGE_MODE_CPP_FOOTER,
-                True)
-        c.convert(aidl_file, change_mode_java_output, CHANGE_MODE_JAVA_HEADER,
-                CHANGE_MODE_JAVA_FOOTER, False)
-        c = Converter('access', RE_ACCESS)
-        c.convert(aidl_file, access_cpp_output, ACCESS_CPP_HEADER, ACCESS_CPP_FOOTER, True)
-        c.convert(aidl_file, access_java_output, ACCESS_JAVA_HEADER, ACCESS_JAVA_FOOTER, False)
+        f.convert(change_mode_cpp_output, CHANGE_MODE_CPP_HEADER, CHANGE_MODE_CPP_FOOTER,
+                True, 'change_mode')
+        f.convert(change_mode_java_output, CHANGE_MODE_JAVA_HEADER,
+                CHANGE_MODE_JAVA_FOOTER, False, 'change_mode')
+        f.convert(access_cpp_output, ACCESS_CPP_HEADER, ACCESS_CPP_FOOTER, True, 'access_mode')
+        f.convert(access_java_output, ACCESS_JAVA_HEADER, ACCESS_JAVA_FOOTER, False, 'access_mode')
 
         if not args.check_only:
             return
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp
index 5f5455a..ec28846 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@
                                        const keymaster::HardwareAuthToken& hat,
                                        const std::future<void>& cancel) {
     BEGIN_OP(0);
+
+    // Do proper HAT verification in the real implementation.
+    if (hat.mac.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: hat";
+        cb->onError(Error::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorError */);
+        return;
+    }
+
     updateContext(WorkMode::kEnroll, cb, const_cast<std::future<void>&>(cancel), 0, hat);
 }
 
@@ -89,42 +97,40 @@
 }
 
 void FakeFingerprintEngine::fingerDownAction() {
+    bool isTerminal = false;
     LOG(INFO) << __func__;
     switch (mWorkMode) {
         case WorkMode::kAuthenticate:
-            onAuthenticateFingerDown(mCb, mOperationId, mCancel);
+            isTerminal = onAuthenticateFingerDown(mCb, mOperationId, mCancel);
             break;
         case WorkMode::kEnroll:
-            onEnrollFingerDown(mCb, mHat, mCancel);
+            isTerminal = onEnrollFingerDown(mCb, mHat, mCancel);
             break;
         case WorkMode::kDetectInteract:
-            onDetectInteractFingerDown(mCb, mCancel);
+            isTerminal = onDetectInteractFingerDown(mCb, mCancel);
             break;
         default:
             LOG(WARNING) << "unexpected mode: on fingerDownAction(), " << (int)mWorkMode;
             break;
     }
+
+    if (isTerminal) {
+        mWorkMode = WorkMode::kIdle;
+    }
 }
 
-void FakeFingerprintEngine::onEnrollFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb,
-                                               const keymaster::HardwareAuthToken& hat,
+bool FakeFingerprintEngine::onEnrollFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb,
+                                               const keymaster::HardwareAuthToken&,
                                                const std::future<void>& cancel) {
     BEGIN_OP(getLatency(FingerprintHalProperties::operation_enroll_latency()));
 
-    // Do proper HAT verification in the real implementation.
-    if (hat.mac.empty()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: hat";
-        cb->onError(Error::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorError */);
-        return;
-    }
-
     // Force error-out
     auto err = FingerprintHalProperties::operation_enroll_error().value_or(0);
     if (err != 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: operation_enroll_error";
         auto ec = convertError(err);
         cb->onError(ec.first, ec.second);
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
 
     // Format is "<id>:<progress_ms-[acquiredInfo..]>,...:<result>
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@
     if (parts.size() != 3) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: invalid next_enrollment:" << nextEnroll;
         cb->onError(Error::VENDOR, 0 /* vendorError */);
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
     auto enrollmentId = std::stoi(parts[0]);
     auto progress = parseEnrollmentCapture(parts[1]);
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@
             if (shouldCancel(cancel)) {
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: cancel";
                 cb->onError(Error::CANCELED, 0 /* vendorCode */);
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
             auto ac = convertAcquiredInfo(acquired[j]);
             cb->onAcquired(ac.first, ac.second);
@@ -175,9 +181,11 @@
             cb->onEnrollmentProgress(enrollmentId, left);
         }
     }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
-void FakeFingerprintEngine::onAuthenticateFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb,
+bool FakeFingerprintEngine::onAuthenticateFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb,
                                                      int64_t /* operationId */,
                                                      const std::future<void>& cancel) {
     BEGIN_OP(getLatency(FingerprintHalProperties::operation_authenticate_latency()));
@@ -191,11 +199,13 @@
     if (N == 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to parse authentiate acquired info: " + acquired;
         cb->onError(Error::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorError */);
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
 
     // got lockout?
-    if (checkSensorLockout(cb)) return;
+    if (checkSensorLockout(cb)) {
+        return FakeLockoutTracker::LockoutMode::kPermanent == mLockoutTracker.getMode();
+    }
 
     int i = 0;
     do {
@@ -203,7 +213,7 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: operation_authenticate_fails";
             mLockoutTracker.addFailedAttempt();
             cb->onAuthenticationFailed();
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
 
         auto err = FingerprintHalProperties::operation_authenticate_error().value_or(0);
@@ -211,20 +221,21 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: operation_authenticate_error";
             auto ec = convertError(err);
             cb->onError(ec.first, ec.second);
-            return;
+            return true; /* simply terminating current operation for any user inserted error,
+                            revisit if tests need*/
         }
 
         if (FingerprintHalProperties::lockout().value_or(false)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: lockout";
             cb->onLockoutPermanent();
             cb->onError(Error::HW_UNAVAILABLE, 0 /* vendorError */);
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         if (shouldCancel(cancel)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: cancel";
             cb->onError(Error::CANCELED, 0 /* vendorCode */);
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         if (i < N) {
@@ -242,16 +253,17 @@
     if (id > 0 && isEnrolled) {
         cb->onAuthenticationSucceeded(id, {} /* hat */);
         mLockoutTracker.reset();
-        return;
+        return true;
     } else {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: fingerprint not enrolled";
         cb->onAuthenticationFailed();
         mLockoutTracker.addFailedAttempt();
         checkSensorLockout(cb);
+        return false;
     }
 }
 
-void FakeFingerprintEngine::onDetectInteractFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb,
+bool FakeFingerprintEngine::onDetectInteractFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb,
                                                        const std::future<void>& cancel) {
     BEGIN_OP(getLatency(FingerprintHalProperties::operation_detect_interaction_latency()));
 
@@ -266,7 +278,7 @@
     if (N == 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to parse detect interaction acquired info: " + acquired;
         cb->onError(Error::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorError */);
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
 
     int i = 0;
@@ -276,13 +288,13 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: operation_detect_interaction_error";
             auto ec = convertError(err);
             cb->onError(ec.first, ec.second);
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         if (shouldCancel(cancel)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: cancel";
             cb->onError(Error::CANCELED, 0 /* vendorCode */);
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         if (i < N) {
@@ -299,10 +311,12 @@
     if (id <= 0 || !isEnrolled) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Fail: not enrolled";
         cb->onError(Error::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorError */);
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
 
     cb->onInteractionDetected();
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 void FakeFingerprintEngine::enumerateEnrollmentsImpl(ISessionCallback* cb) {
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/include/FakeFingerprintEngine.h b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/include/FakeFingerprintEngine.h
index 8ac7a95..a06b786 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/include/FakeFingerprintEngine.h
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/include/FakeFingerprintEngine.h
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@
     virtual void updateContext(WorkMode mode, ISessionCallback* cb, std::future<void>& cancel,
                                int64_t operationId, const keymaster::HardwareAuthToken& hat);
 
-    void onEnrollFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb, const keymaster::HardwareAuthToken& hat,
+    bool onEnrollFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb, const keymaster::HardwareAuthToken& hat,
                             const std::future<void>& cancel);
-    void onAuthenticateFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb, int64_t, const std::future<void>& cancel);
-    void onDetectInteractFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb, const std::future<void>& cancel);
+    bool onAuthenticateFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb, int64_t, const std::future<void>& cancel);
+    bool onDetectInteractFingerDown(ISessionCallback* cb, const std::future<void>& cancel);
 
     WorkMode mWorkMode;
     ISessionCallback* mCb;
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp
index 86207a5..bc235a6 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@
         FingerprintHalProperties::operation_enroll_latency({});
         FingerprintHalProperties::operation_authenticate_latency({});
         FingerprintHalProperties::operation_detect_interaction_latency({});
+        FingerprintHalProperties::operation_authenticate_fails(false);
+        FingerprintHalProperties::operation_detect_interaction_latency({});
     }
 
     FakeFingerprintEngine mEngine;
@@ -185,6 +187,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(4, FingerprintHalProperties::enrollments()[0].value());
     ASSERT_EQ(4, mCallback->mLastEnrolled);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, mCallback->mLastAcquiredInfo);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mEngine.getWorkMode(), FakeFingerprintEngine::WorkMode::kIdle);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, EnrollCancel) {
@@ -239,6 +242,7 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(mCallback->mAuthenticateFailed);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, mCallback->mLastAuthenticated);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, mCallback->mLastAcquiredInfo);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mEngine.getWorkMode(), FakeFingerprintEngine::WorkMode::kIdle);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, AuthenticateCancel) {
@@ -265,6 +269,7 @@
     mEngine.authenticateImpl(mCallback.get(), 0, mCancel.get_future());
     mEngine.fingerDownAction();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mCallback->mAuthenticateFailed);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mEngine.getWorkMode(), FakeFingerprintEngine::WorkMode::kAuthenticate);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, AuthenticateLockout) {
@@ -293,6 +298,14 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mCallback->mErrorVendorCode, 9);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, AuthenticateFails) {
+    FingerprintHalProperties::operation_authenticate_fails(true);
+    mEngine.authenticateImpl(mCallback.get(), 0, mCancel.get_future());
+    mEngine.fingerDownAction();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCallback->mAuthenticateFailed);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mEngine.getWorkMode(), FakeFingerprintEngine::WorkMode::kAuthenticate);
+}
+
 TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, AuthenticateAcquired) {
     FingerprintHalProperties::lockout(false);
     FingerprintHalProperties::enrollments({1, 2});
@@ -318,6 +331,7 @@
     mEngine.fingerDownAction();
     ASSERT_EQ(1, mCallback->mInteractionDetectedCount);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, mCallback->mLastAcquiredInfo);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mEngine.getWorkMode(), FakeFingerprintEngine::WorkMode::kIdle);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, InteractionDetectCancel) {
@@ -483,7 +497,6 @@
                 FingerprintHalProperties::operation_detect_interaction_latency()));
     }
     ASSERT_TRUE(latencySet.size() > 95);
-    FingerprintHalProperties::operation_detect_interaction_latency({});
 }
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::biometrics::fingerprint
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/vts/VtsHalBluetoothTargetTest.cpp b/bluetooth/aidl/vts/VtsHalBluetoothTargetTest.cpp
index e5222a7..24eb4d0 100644
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/vts/VtsHalBluetoothTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/aidl/vts/VtsHalBluetoothTargetTest.cpp
@@ -222,6 +222,8 @@
   int wait_for_completed_packets_event(uint16_t handle);
   void send_and_wait_for_cmd_complete(std::unique_ptr<CommandBuilder> cmd,
                                       std::vector<uint8_t>& cmd_complete);
+  void reassemble_sco_loopback_pkt(std::vector<uint8_t>& scoPackets,
+    size_t size);
 
   // A simple test implementation of BluetoothHciCallbacks.
   class BluetoothHciCallbacks
@@ -569,6 +571,11 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(
         sco_queue.tryPopWithTimeout(sco_loopback, kWaitForScoDataTimeout));
 
+    if (sco_loopback.size() < size) {
+      // The packets may have been split for USB. Reassemble before checking.
+      reassemble_sco_loopback_pkt(sco_loopback, size);
+    }
+
     ASSERT_EQ(sco_packet, sco_loopback);
   }
   logger.setTotalBytes(num_packets * size * 2);
@@ -703,6 +710,22 @@
       wait_for_command_complete_event(view.GetOpCode(), cmd_complete));
 }
 
+// Handle the loopback packet.
+void BluetoothAidlTest::reassemble_sco_loopback_pkt(std::vector<uint8_t>& scoPackets,
+        size_t size) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> sco_packet_whole;
+    sco_packet_whole.assign(scoPackets.begin(), scoPackets.end());
+    while (size + 3 > sco_packet_whole.size()) {
+      std::vector<uint8_t> sco_packets;
+      ASSERT_TRUE(
+      sco_queue.tryPopWithTimeout(sco_packets, kWaitForScoDataTimeout));
+      sco_packet_whole.insert(sco_packet_whole.end(), sco_packets.begin() + 3,
+          sco_packets.end());
+    }
+    scoPackets.assign(sco_packet_whole.begin(), sco_packet_whole.end());
+    scoPackets[2] = size;
+}
+
 // Empty test: Initialize()/Close() are called in SetUp()/TearDown().
 TEST_P(BluetoothAidlTest, InitializeAndClose) {}
 
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp
index 32f8cca..16b22fe 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     imports: [
         "android.hardware.common-V2",
         "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1",
-        "android.hardware.audio.common-V1",
+        "android.hardware.audio.common-V2",
     ],
     backend: {
         cpp: {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
             imports: [
                 "android.hardware.common-V2",
                 "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1",
-                "android.hardware.audio.common-V1",
+                "android.hardware.audio.common-V2",
             ],
         },
 
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 3e6953f..fa85fa8 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalBluetoothAudioTargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalBluetoothAudioTargetTest.cpp"],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.audio.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.audio.common-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.bluetooth.audio-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
diff --git a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
index c0c475a..8584921 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@
 }
 
 BroadcastRadio::~BroadcastRadio() {
-    mThread.reset();
+    mTuningThread.reset();
+    mProgramListThread.reset();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::getAmFmRegionConfig(bool full, AmFmRegionConfig* returnConfigs) {
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@
         callback->onCurrentProgramInfoChanged(programInfo);
     };
     auto cancelTask = [program, callback]() { callback->onTuneFailed(Result::CANCELED, program); };
-    mThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kTuneDelayTimeMs);
+    mTuningThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kTuneDelayTimeMs);
 
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@
 
             callback->onTuneFailed(Result::TIMEOUT, {});
         };
-        mThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kSeekDelayTimeMs);
+        mTuningThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kSeekDelayTimeMs);
 
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@
         }
         callback->onCurrentProgramInfoChanged(programInfo);
     };
-    mThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kSeekDelayTimeMs);
+    mTuningThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kSeekDelayTimeMs);
 
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -355,15 +356,15 @@
         callback->onCurrentProgramInfoChanged(programInfo);
     };
     auto cancelTask = [callback]() { callback->onTuneFailed(Result::CANCELED, {}); };
-    mThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kStepDelayTimeMs);
+    mTuningThread->schedule(task, cancelTask, kStepDelayTimeMs);
 
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 void BroadcastRadio::cancelLocked() {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": cancelling current operations...";
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": cancelling current tuning operations...";
 
-    mThread->cancelAll();
+    mTuningThread->cancelAll();
     if (mCurrentProgram.primaryId.type != IdentifierType::INVALID) {
         mIsTuneCompleted = true;
     }
@@ -388,6 +389,8 @@
 
     lock_guard<mutex> lk(mMutex);
 
+    cancelProgramListUpdateLocked();
+
     const auto& list = mVirtualRadio.getProgramList();
     vector<VirtualProgram> filteredList;
     std::copy_if(list.begin(), list.end(), std::back_inserter(filteredList), filterCb);
@@ -410,31 +413,43 @@
 
         callback->onProgramListUpdated(chunk);
     };
-    mThread->schedule(task, kListDelayTimeS);
+    mProgramListThread->schedule(task, kListDelayTimeS);
 
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+void BroadcastRadio::cancelProgramListUpdateLocked() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": cancelling current program list update operations...";
+    mProgramListThread->cancelAll();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::stopProgramListUpdates() {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": requested program list updates to stop...";
-    // TODO(b/243681584) Implement stop program list updates method
+    lock_guard<mutex> lk(mMutex);
+    cancelProgramListUpdateLocked();
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::isConfigFlagSet(ConfigFlag flag, [[maybe_unused]] bool* returnIsSet) {
+ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::isConfigFlagSet(ConfigFlag flag, bool* returnIsSet) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": flag = " << toString(flag);
 
-    LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": getting ConfigFlag is not supported";
-    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
-            resultToInt(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED), "getting ConfigFlag is not supported");
+    int flagBit = static_cast<int>(flag);
+    lock_guard<mutex> lk(mMutex);
+    *returnIsSet = ((mConfigFlagValues >> flagBit) & 1) == 1;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::setConfigFlag(ConfigFlag flag, bool value) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": flag = " << toString(flag) << ", value = " << value;
 
-    LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": setting ConfigFlag is not supported";
-    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
-            resultToInt(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED), "setting ConfigFlag is not supported");
+    int flagBitMask = 1 << (static_cast<int>(flag));
+    lock_guard<mutex> lk(mMutex);
+    if (value) {
+        mConfigFlagValues |= flagBitMask;
+    } else {
+        mConfigFlagValues &= ~flagBitMask;
+    }
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::setParameters(
diff --git a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h
index 1c85ddc..0f818ce 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h
+++ b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h
@@ -68,16 +68,22 @@
     const VirtualRadio& mVirtualRadio;
     std::mutex mMutex;
     AmFmRegionConfig mAmFmConfig GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
-    std::unique_ptr<::android::WorkerThread> mThread GUARDED_BY(mMutex) =
+    std::unique_ptr<::android::WorkerThread> mTuningThread GUARDED_BY(mMutex) =
+            std::unique_ptr<::android::WorkerThread>(new ::android::WorkerThread());
+    std::unique_ptr<::android::WorkerThread> mProgramListThread GUARDED_BY(mMutex) =
             std::unique_ptr<::android::WorkerThread>(new ::android::WorkerThread());
     bool mIsTuneCompleted GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = true;
     Properties mProperties GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     ProgramSelector mCurrentProgram GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = {};
     std::shared_ptr<ITunerCallback> mCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
+    // Bitmap for all ConfigFlag values
+    int mConfigFlagValues GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
+
     std::optional<AmFmBandRange> getAmFmRangeLocked() const;
     void cancelLocked();
     ProgramInfo tuneInternalLocked(const ProgramSelector& sel);
+    void cancelProgramListUpdateLocked();
 
     binder_status_t cmdHelp(int fd) const;
     binder_status_t cmdTune(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs);
diff --git a/broadcastradio/aidl/vts/src/VtsHalBroadcastradioAidlTargetTest.cpp b/broadcastradio/aidl/vts/src/VtsHalBroadcastradioAidlTargetTest.cpp
index 8bee1b2..790d60b 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/aidl/vts/src/VtsHalBroadcastradioAidlTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/aidl/vts/src/VtsHalBroadcastradioAidlTargetTest.cpp
@@ -997,13 +997,12 @@
     LOG(DEBUG) << "SetConfigFlags Test";
 
     auto get = [&](ConfigFlag flag) -> bool {
-        bool* gotValue = nullptr;
+        bool gotValue;
 
-        auto halResult = mModule->isConfigFlagSet(flag, gotValue);
+        auto halResult = mModule->isConfigFlagSet(flag, &gotValue);
 
-        EXPECT_FALSE(gotValue == nullptr);
         EXPECT_TRUE(halResult.isOk());
-        return *gotValue;
+        return gotValue;
     };
 
     auto notSupportedError = resultToInt(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
diff --git a/camera/device/default/Android.bp b/camera/device/default/Android.bp
index b577597..b9f10d6 100644
--- a/camera/device/default/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/device/default/Android.bp
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "camera.device-external-impl",
-    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-ndk_shared",
+        "hidl_defaults",
+    ],
     proprietary: true,
     srcs: [
         "ExternalCameraDevice.cpp",
@@ -38,7 +41,6 @@
         "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V4-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/Android.bp b/cas/aidl/default/Android.bp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3c16d57..6ce5681
--- a/cas/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
     defaults: ["cas_service_example_defaults"],
     init_rc: ["cas-default-lazy.rc"],
     cflags: ["-DLAZY_SERVICE"],
+    overrides: ["android.hardware.cas-service.example"],
 }
 
 cc_fuzz {
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.h b/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.h b/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/FactoryLoader.h b/cas/aidl/default/FactoryLoader.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/MediaCasService.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/MediaCasService.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/MediaCasService.h b/cas/aidl/default/MediaCasService.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.h b/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/TypeConvert.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/TypeConvert.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/TypeConvert.h b/cas/aidl/default/TypeConvert.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/android.hardware.cas-service.xml b/cas/aidl/default/android.hardware.cas-service.xml
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/cas-default-lazy.rc b/cas/aidl/default/cas-default-lazy.rc
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/cas-default.rc b/cas/aidl/default/cas-default.rc
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/fuzzer.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/fuzzer.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/service.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/service.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/Android.bp b/compatibility_matrices/Android.bp
index b3ca293..712f28a 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/Android.bp
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/Android.bp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
         "kernel_config_q_4.14",
         "kernel_config_q_4.19",
     ],
+    core_hals: "only",
 }
 
 vintf_compatibility_matrix {
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
         "kernel_config_r_4.19",
         "kernel_config_r_5.4",
     ],
+    core_hals: "only",
 }
 
 vintf_compatibility_matrix {
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@
         "kernel_config_s_5.4",
         "kernel_config_s_5.10",
     ],
+    core_hals: "only",
 }
 
 vintf_compatibility_matrix {
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@
         "kernel_config_t_5.10",
         "kernel_config_t_5.15",
     ],
+    core_hals: "only",
 }
 
 vintf_compatibility_matrix {
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@
         "kernel_config_u_5.15",
         "kernel_config_u_6.1",
     ],
+    core_hals: "only",
 }
 
 vintf_compatibility_matrix {
@@ -93,4 +98,5 @@
         "kernel_config_v_5.15",
         "kernel_config_v_6.1",
     ],
+    core_hals: "only",
 }
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/build/vintf_compatibility_matrix.go b/compatibility_matrices/build/vintf_compatibility_matrix.go
index c72cbde..4f342b2 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/build/vintf_compatibility_matrix.go
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/build/vintf_compatibility_matrix.go
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
 	pctx = android.NewPackageContext("android/vintf")
 
 	assembleVintfRule = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("assemble_vintf", blueprint.RuleParams{
-		Command:     `${assembleVintfCmd} -i ${inputs} -o ${out}`,
+		Command:     `${assembleVintfCmd} -i ${inputs} -o ${out} ${extraParams}`,
 		CommandDeps: []string{"${assembleVintfCmd}"},
 		Description: "assemble_vintf -i ${inputs}",
-	}, "inputs")
+	}, "inputs", "extraParams")
 
 	xmllintXsd = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("xmllint-xsd", blueprint.RuleParams{
 		Command:     `$XmlLintCmd --quiet --schema $xsd $in > /dev/null && touch -a $out`,
@@ -64,6 +64,13 @@
 
 	// list of kernel_config modules to be combined to final output
 	Kernel_configs []string
+
+	// Default is "default" for compatibility matrices on /vendor
+	// and /odm, and "disallow" for compatibility matrices on /system,
+	// /product, and /system_ext.
+	// If value is "only", only android.* HALs are allowed. If value
+	// is "disallow", none of android.* HALs are allowed.
+	Core_hals *string
 }
 
 type vintfCompatibilityMatrixRule struct {
@@ -166,7 +173,8 @@
 		Implicits:   inputPaths,
 		Output:      g.genFile,
 		Args: map[string]string{
-			"inputs": strings.Join(inputPaths.Strings(), ":"),
+			"inputs":      strings.Join(inputPaths.Strings(), ":"),
+			"extraParams": strings.Join(g.getExtraParams(), " "),
 		},
 	})
 	g.generateValidateBuildAction(ctx, g.genFile, schema.Path())
@@ -191,3 +199,23 @@
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+// Return extra parameters to assemble_vintf.
+func (g *vintfCompatibilityMatrixRule) getExtraParams() []string {
+	var extraParams []string
+
+	coreHalsStrategy := proptools.StringDefault(
+		g.properties.Core_hals,
+		g.defaultCoreHalsStrategy(),
+	)
+	extraParams = append(extraParams, "--core-hals", proptools.ShellEscape(coreHalsStrategy))
+	return extraParams
+}
+
+func (g *vintfCompatibilityMatrixRule) defaultCoreHalsStrategy() string {
+	// TODO(b/290408770): default to "disallow" for FCMs
+
+	// For Device (vendor, odm) compatibility matrix, default is
+	// to not check anything.
+	return "default"
+}
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml
index b9fb3f4..bb7637a 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml
@@ -281,9 +281,15 @@
         <version>1.0</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <instance>software</instance>
             <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
             <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
         </interface>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfigurable</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>software</instance>
+        </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.media.omx</name>
@@ -361,6 +367,7 @@
         <interface>
             <name>ISap</name>
             <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml
index b374c8c..dad1558 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml
@@ -319,11 +319,21 @@
         <version>1.0-1</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <instance>software</instance>
             <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
             <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfigurable</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>software</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.media.omx</name>
         <version>1.0</version>
         <interface>
@@ -399,6 +409,7 @@
         <interface>
             <name>ISap</name>
             <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml
index 40ae655..23f634d 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml
@@ -368,11 +368,21 @@
         <version>1.0-2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <instance>software</instance>
             <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
             <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfigurable</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>software</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.media.omx</name>
         <version>1.0</version>
         <interface>
@@ -454,6 +464,7 @@
         <interface>
             <name>ISap</name>
             <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.7.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.7.xml
index e5ef954..33c3148 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.7.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.7.xml
@@ -430,11 +430,21 @@
         <version>1.0-2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <instance>software</instance>
             <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
             <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfigurable</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>software</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.media.omx</name>
         <version>1.0</version>
         <interface>
@@ -582,6 +592,7 @@
         <interface>
             <name>ISap</name>
             <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml
index 4aa832b..04a4674 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml
@@ -361,10 +361,20 @@
         <version>1.0-2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <instance>software</instance>
             <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
             <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfigurable</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>software</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.memtrack</name>
         <version>1</version>
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml
index 14b9210..5bcb349 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.graphics.composer3</name>
-        <version>2</version>
+        <version>3</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComposer</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
@@ -257,9 +257,6 @@
     <!-- Either the native or the HIDL mapper HAL must exist on the device -->
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.graphics.mapper</name>
-        <!-- New, non-Go devices should use 4.0, tested in vts_treble_vintf_vendor_test -->
-        <version>2.1</version>
-        <version>3.0</version>
         <version>4.0</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IMapper</name>
@@ -352,10 +349,20 @@
         <version>1.0-2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <instance>software</instance>
             <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
             <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfigurable</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>software</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
         <version>1</version>
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/exclude/fcm_exclude.cpp b/compatibility_matrices/exclude/fcm_exclude.cpp
index f3374c3..fc3a8b3 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/exclude/fcm_exclude.cpp
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/exclude/fcm_exclude.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
diff --git a/graphics/Android.bp b/graphics/Android.bp
index 2fbcb41..8a69f09 100644
--- a/graphics/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/Android.bp
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@
 cc_defaults {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V3-ndk",
     ],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_shared",
     shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V3-ndk",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp
index 9eb23fa..4052003 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp
@@ -29,20 +29,15 @@
     vendor_available: true,
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libcutils",
         "libhardware", // TODO remove hwcomposer2.h dependency
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
+        "libui",
         "libutils",
     ],
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libhardware",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp
index e52bf71..80bfb7a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h"
 
+#include <ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace graphics {
@@ -25,23 +27,10 @@
 namespace V2_1 {
 namespace hal {
 
+ComposerHandleImporter::ComposerHandleImporter() : mMapper{GraphicBufferMapper::get()} {}
+
 bool ComposerHandleImporter::init() {
-    mMapper4 = mapper::V4_0::IMapper::getService();
-    if (mMapper4) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    ALOGI_IF(!mMapper4, "failed to get mapper 4.0 service, falling back to mapper 3.0");
-
-    mMapper3 = mapper::V3_0::IMapper::getService();
-    if (mMapper3) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    ALOGI_IF(!mMapper3, "failed to get mapper 3.0 service, falling back to mapper 2.0");
-
-    mMapper2 = mapper::V2_0::IMapper::getService();
-    ALOGE_IF(!mMapper2, "failed to get mapper 2.0 service");
-
-    return mMapper2 != nullptr;
+    return true;
 }
 
 Error ComposerHandleImporter::importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle,
@@ -51,51 +40,17 @@
         return Error::NONE;
     }
 
-    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
-    if (mMapper2) {
-        mapper::V2_0::Error error;
-        mMapper2->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
-        if (error != mapper::V2_0::Error::NONE) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
+    status_t status = mMapper.importBufferNoValidate(rawHandle, outBufferHandle);
+    if (status == STATUS_OK) {
+        return Error::NONE;
+    } else {
+        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
     }
-    if (mMapper3) {
-        mapper::V3_0::Error error;
-        mMapper3->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
-        if (error != mapper::V3_0::Error::NONE) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
-    }
-    if (mMapper4) {
-        mapper::V4_0::Error error;
-        mMapper4->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
-        if (error != mapper::V4_0::Error::NONE) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
-    }
-
-    *outBufferHandle = bufferHandle;
-    return Error::NONE;
 }
 
 void ComposerHandleImporter::freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
     if (bufferHandle) {
-        if (mMapper2) {
-            mMapper2->freeBuffer(static_cast<void*>(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle)));
-        } else if (mMapper3) {
-            mMapper3->freeBuffer(static_cast<void*>(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle)));
-        } else if (mMapper4) {
-            mMapper4->freeBuffer(static_cast<void*>(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle)));
-        }
+        mMapper.freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h
index de78a59..9838118 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h
@@ -27,12 +27,10 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/types.h>
 
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/3.0/IMapper.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/4.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 namespace android {
+class GraphicBufferMapper;
 namespace hardware {
 namespace graphics {
 namespace composer {
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@
 // wrapper for IMapper to import buffers and sideband streams
 class ComposerHandleImporter {
   public:
+    ComposerHandleImporter();
     bool init();
 
     Error importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle, const native_handle_t** outBufferHandle);
@@ -50,9 +49,7 @@
     void freeStream(const native_handle_t* streamHandle);
 
   private:
-    sp<mapper::V2_0::IMapper> mMapper2;
-    sp<mapper::V3_0::IMapper> mMapper3;
-    sp<mapper::V4_0::IMapper> mMapper4;
+    GraphicBufferMapper& mMapper;
 };
 
 class ComposerHandleCache {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp
index 7b6a0e6..3bc127f 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
@@ -34,18 +33,15 @@
         "GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp",
         "TestCommandReader.cpp",
     ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libui",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libgtest",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
index 4603dd1..8b89784 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
@@ -308,113 +308,6 @@
     writer->reset();
 }
 
-NativeHandleWrapper::~NativeHandleWrapper() {
-    if (mHandle) {
-        mGralloc.freeBuffer(mHandle);
-    }
-}
-
-Gralloc::Gralloc() {
-    [this] {
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc4 = std::make_shared<Gralloc4>(
-                                        /*aidlAllocatorServiceName*/ IAllocator::descriptor +
-                                                std::string("/default"),
-                                        /*hidlAllocatorServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*mapperServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-        if (!mGralloc4->hasAllocator() || mGralloc4->getMapper() == nullptr) {
-            mGralloc4 = nullptr;
-            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc3 = std::make_shared<Gralloc3>("default", "default",
-                                                                           /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-            if (mGralloc3->getAllocator() == nullptr || mGralloc3->getMapper() == nullptr) {
-                mGralloc3 = nullptr;
-                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc2 = std::make_shared<Gralloc2>());
-            }
-        }
-    }();
-}
-
-const NativeHandleWrapper Gralloc::allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount,
-                                            PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage, bool import,
-                                            uint32_t* outStride) {
-    const native_handle_t* handle;
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        IMapper4::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        handle = mGralloc4->allocate(info, import, outStride);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        IMapper3::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        handle = mGralloc3->allocate(info, import, outStride);
-    } else {
-        IMapper2::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = format;
-        info.usage = usage;
-        handle = mGralloc2->allocate(info, import, outStride);
-    }
-    return NativeHandleWrapper(*this, handle);
-}
-
-void* Gralloc::lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                    const AccessRegion& accessRegionRect, int acquireFence) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        IMapper4::Rect accessRegion;
-        accessRegion.left = accessRegionRect.left;
-        accessRegion.top = accessRegionRect.top;
-        accessRegion.width = accessRegionRect.width;
-        accessRegion.height = accessRegionRect.height;
-        return mGralloc4->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFence);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        IMapper3::Rect accessRegion;
-        accessRegion.left = accessRegionRect.left;
-        accessRegion.top = accessRegionRect.top;
-        accessRegion.width = accessRegionRect.width;
-        accessRegion.height = accessRegionRect.height;
-        int32_t bytesPerPixel;
-        int32_t bytesPerStride;
-        return mGralloc3->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFence, &bytesPerPixel,
-                               &bytesPerStride);
-    } else {
-        IMapper2::Rect accessRegion;
-        accessRegion.left = accessRegionRect.left;
-        accessRegion.top = accessRegionRect.top;
-        accessRegion.width = accessRegionRect.width;
-        accessRegion.height = accessRegionRect.height;
-        return mGralloc2->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFence);
-    }
-}
-
-int Gralloc::unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        return mGralloc4->unlock(bufferHandle);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        return mGralloc3->unlock(bufferHandle);
-    } else {
-        return mGralloc2->unlock(bufferHandle);
-    }
-}
-
-void Gralloc::freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        mGralloc4->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        mGralloc3->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    } else {
-        mGralloc2->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    }
-}
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_1
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h
index f8ea661..c0aacb5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.1/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/3.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/4.0/MapperVts.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
@@ -43,13 +40,6 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Hdr;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
-using IMapper2 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper;
-using IMapper3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::IMapper;
-using IMapper4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper;
-using Gralloc2 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using IAllocator = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::allocator::IAllocator;
 
 class ComposerClient;
 
@@ -129,52 +119,6 @@
     const sp<IComposerClient> mClient;
 };
 
-class AccessRegion {
-  public:
-    int32_t left;
-    int32_t top;
-    int32_t width;
-    int32_t height;
-};
-
-class Gralloc;
-
-// RAII wrapper around native_handle_t*
-class NativeHandleWrapper {
-  public:
-    NativeHandleWrapper(Gralloc& gralloc, const native_handle_t* handle)
-        : mGralloc(gralloc), mHandle(handle) {}
-
-    ~NativeHandleWrapper();
-
-    const native_handle_t* get() { return mHandle; }
-
-  private:
-    Gralloc& mGralloc;
-    const native_handle_t* mHandle;
-};
-
-class Gralloc {
-  public:
-    explicit Gralloc();
-
-    const NativeHandleWrapper allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount,
-                                       PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage, bool import = true,
-                                       uint32_t* outStride = nullptr);
-
-    void* lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-               const AccessRegion& accessRegionRect, int acquireFence);
-
-    int unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle);
-
-    void freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle);
-
-  protected:
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc2> mGralloc2 = nullptr;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc3> mGralloc3 = nullptr;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc4> mGralloc4 = nullptr;
-};
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_1
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 0f6d7e8..0706341 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
     ],
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -38,22 +37,12 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libfmq",
         "libsync",
+        "libui",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
index 9444d89..b67cfc2 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@
 #include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/3.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/4.0/MapperVts.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -52,7 +50,6 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Transform;
-using GrallocError = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::Error;
 
 class GraphicsComposerHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
@@ -651,7 +648,6 @@
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::SetUp());
 
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
         Config activeConfig = mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay);
         mDisplayWidth = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(mPrimaryDisplay, activeConfig,
                                                              IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH);
@@ -666,13 +662,17 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate() { return allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight); }
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate() { return allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight); }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-        uint64_t usage =
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate(int32_t width, int32_t height) {
+        auto result = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+                width, height, static_cast<int32_t>(PixelFormat::RGBA_8888), /*layerCount*/ 1,
                 static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN |
-                                      BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY);
-        return mGralloc->allocate(width, height, 1, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, usage);
+                                      BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY));
+        if (result->initCheck() != STATUS_OK) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 
     void execute() { mComposerClient->execute(mReader.get(), mWriter.get()); }
@@ -681,9 +681,6 @@
     std::unique_ptr<TestCommandReader> mReader;
     int32_t mDisplayWidth;
     int32_t mDisplayHeight;
-
-   private:
-     std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -729,11 +726,11 @@
         display = mComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(64, 64, PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
                                                         kBufferSlotCount, &format));
 
-    std::unique_ptr<NativeHandleWrapper> handle;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handle.reset(new NativeHandleWrapper(allocate())));
+    auto handle = allocate();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(handle);
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter->setOutputBuffer(0, handle->get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setOutputBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     execute();
 }
 
@@ -802,7 +799,7 @@
     mWriter->setLayerZOrder(10);
     mWriter->setLayerBlendMode(IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE);
     mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, displayFrame));
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
 
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
@@ -820,7 +817,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     auto handle2 = allocate();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle2.get());
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle2.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle2->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
     mWriter->presentDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -840,7 +837,7 @@
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::CURSOR);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
     mWriter->setLayerPlaneAlpha(1);
@@ -881,7 +878,7 @@
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     execute();
 }
 
@@ -905,7 +902,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle1.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle1->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -928,7 +925,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, handle2.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, handle2->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -951,7 +948,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(2, handle3.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(2, handle3->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -968,10 +965,10 @@
     // Ensure we can clear multiple buffer slots and then restore the active buffer at the end
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, clearSlotBuffer.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, clearSlotBuffer->handle, -1);
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, clearSlotBuffer.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, clearSlotBuffer->handle, -1);
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerBuffer(2, nullptr, -1);
@@ -1113,7 +1110,7 @@
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerSidebandStream(handle.get());
+    mWriter->setLayerSidebandStream(handle->handle);
     execute();
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
index d11592f..a923923 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
         "librenderengine_deps",
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
         "libarect",
         "libgtest",
         "libmath",
@@ -50,15 +48,10 @@
         "librenderengine",
         "libshaders",
         "libtonemap",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
index d4f0281..d041064 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
@@ -179,66 +179,6 @@
     return matrix;
 }
 
-Gralloc::Gralloc() {
-    [this] {
-        ALOGD("Attempting to initialize gralloc4");
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc4 = std::make_shared<Gralloc4>(
-                                        /*aidlAllocatorServiceName*/ IAllocator::descriptor +
-                                                std::string("/default"),
-                                        /*hidlAllocatorServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*mapperServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-        if (mGralloc4->getMapper() == nullptr || !mGralloc4->hasAllocator()) {
-            mGralloc4 = nullptr;
-            ALOGD("Failed to initialize gralloc4, initializing gralloc3");
-            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc3 = std::make_shared<Gralloc3>("default", "default",
-                                                                           /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-            if (mGralloc3->getMapper() == nullptr || mGralloc3->getAllocator() == nullptr) {
-                mGralloc3 = nullptr;
-                ALOGD("Failed to initialize gralloc3, initializing gralloc2_1");
-                mGralloc2_1 = std::make_shared<Gralloc2_1>(/*errOnFailure*/ false);
-                if (!mGralloc2_1->getMapper()) {
-                    mGralloc2_1 = nullptr;
-                    ALOGD("Failed to initialize gralloc2_1, initializing gralloc2");
-                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc2 = std::make_shared<Gralloc2>());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }();
-}
-
-bool Gralloc::validateBufferSize(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint32_t width,
-                                 uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount, PixelFormat format,
-                                 uint64_t usage, uint32_t stride) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        IMapper4::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        return mGralloc4->validateBufferSize(bufferHandle, info, stride);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        IMapper3::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        return mGralloc3->validateBufferSize(bufferHandle, info, stride);
-    } else if (mGralloc2_1) {
-        IMapper2_1::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_1::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        return mGralloc2_1->validateBufferSize(bufferHandle, info, stride);
-    } else {
-        return true;
-    }
-}
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_2
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
index a1794af..9ba34f1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
@@ -187,12 +187,11 @@
 }
 
 ReadbackBuffer::ReadbackBuffer(Display display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                               const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc, uint32_t width,
-                               uint32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat, Dataspace dataspace) {
+                               uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat,
+                               Dataspace dataspace) {
     mDisplay = display;
 
     mComposerClient = client;
-    mGralloc = gralloc;
 
     mPixelFormat = pixelFormat;
     mDataspace = dataspace;
@@ -202,20 +201,12 @@
     mLayerCount = 1;
     mFormat = mPixelFormat;
     mUsage = static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE);
-
-    mAccessRegion.top = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.left = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.width = width;
-    mAccessRegion.height = height;
 }
 
 void ReadbackBuffer::setReadbackBuffer() {
-    mBufferHandle.reset(new Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper(
-            mGralloc->allocate(mWidth, mHeight, mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage,
-                               /*import*/ true, &mStride)));
-    ASSERT_NE(false, mGralloc->validateBufferSize(mBufferHandle->get(), mWidth, mHeight,
-                                                  mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage, mStride));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mDisplay, mBufferHandle->get(), -1));
+    mBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mWidth, mHeight, (int32_t)mFormat, mLayerCount, mUsage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->initCheck());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mDisplay, mBuffer->handle, -1));
 }
 
 void ReadbackBuffer::checkReadbackBuffer(std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors) {
@@ -223,15 +214,14 @@
     int32_t fenceHandle;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->getReadbackBufferFence(mDisplay, &fenceHandle));
 
-    void* bufData = mGralloc->lock(mBufferHandle->get(), mUsage, mAccessRegion, fenceHandle);
+    void* bufData = nullptr;
+    int32_t stride = mBuffer->stride;
+    status_t status = mBuffer->lockAsync(mUsage, &bufData, fenceHandle);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mPixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGB_888 || mPixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
-    ReadbackHelper::compareColorBuffers(expectedColors, bufData, mStride, mWidth, mHeight,
+    ReadbackHelper::compareColorBuffers(expectedColors, bufData, stride, mWidth, mHeight,
                                         mPixelFormat);
-    int32_t unlockFence = mGralloc->unlock(mBufferHandle->get());
-    if (unlockFence != -1) {
-        sync_wait(unlockFence, -1);
-        close(unlockFence);
-    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->unlock());
 }
 
 void TestColorLayer::write(const std::shared_ptr<CommandWriterBase>& writer) {
@@ -251,12 +241,10 @@
 }
 
 TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc,
                                  TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, Display display, int32_t width,
                                  int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                  IComposerClient::Composition composition)
     : TestLayer{client, display}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
-    mGralloc = gralloc;
     mComposition = composition;
     mWidth = width;
     mHeight = height;
@@ -265,11 +253,6 @@
     mUsage = static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN |
                                    BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE);
 
-    mAccessRegion.top = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.left = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.width = width;
-    mAccessRegion.height = height;
-
     setSourceCrop({0, 0, (float)width, (float)height});
 }
 
@@ -277,15 +260,13 @@
     TestLayer::write(writer);
     writer->setLayerCompositionType(mComposition);
     writer->setLayerVisibleRegion(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, mDisplayFrame));
-    if (mBufferHandle != nullptr) writer->setLayerBuffer(0, mBufferHandle->get(), mFillFence);
+    if (mBuffer) writer->setLayerBuffer(0, mBuffer->handle, -1);
 }
 
 LayerSettings TestBufferLayer::toRenderEngineLayerSettings() {
     LayerSettings layerSettings = TestLayer::toRenderEngineLayerSettings();
     layerSettings.source.buffer.buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture>(
-            new GraphicBuffer(mBufferHandle->get(), GraphicBuffer::CLONE_HANDLE, mWidth, mHeight,
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(mFormat), 1, mUsage, mStride),
-            mRenderEngine.getInternalRenderEngine(),
+            mBuffer, mRenderEngine.getInternalRenderEngine(),
             renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
 
     layerSettings.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha =
@@ -304,24 +285,18 @@
 }
 
 void TestBufferLayer::fillBuffer(std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors) {
-    void* bufData = mGralloc->lock(mBufferHandle->get(), mUsage, mAccessRegion, -1);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(mWidth, mHeight, mStride, bufData, mFormat, expectedColors));
-    mFillFence = mGralloc->unlock(mBufferHandle->get());
-    if (mFillFence != -1) {
-        sync_wait(mFillFence, -1);
-        close(mFillFence);
-    }
+    void* bufData = nullptr;
+    status_t status = mBuffer->lock(mUsage, &bufData);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(mWidth, mHeight, mBuffer->stride, bufData,
+                                                       mFormat, expectedColors));
+    EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->unlock());
 }
 
 void TestBufferLayer::setBuffer(std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> colors) {
-    mBufferHandle.reset(new Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper(
-            mGralloc->allocate(mWidth, mHeight, mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage,
-                               /*import*/ true, &mStride)));
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mBufferHandle->get());
+    mBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mWidth, mHeight, (int32_t)mFormat, mLayerCount, mUsage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->initCheck());
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBuffer(colors));
-    ASSERT_NE(false, mGralloc->validateBufferSize(mBufferHandle->get(), mWidth, mHeight,
-                                                  mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage, mStride));
 }
 
 void TestBufferLayer::setDataspace(Dataspace dataspace,
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
index 1700b2a..62974f8 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 namespace V2_2 {
 namespace vts {
 
-using mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 using renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h
index 02d7bdb..3e26d94 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.2/IComposerClient.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.2/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.1/MapperVts.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -41,14 +40,6 @@
 using common::V1_1::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
 using common::V1_1::RenderIntent;
-using IMapper2_1 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
-using IMapper3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::IMapper;
-using IMapper4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper;
-using Gralloc2 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc2_1 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using IAllocator = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::allocator::IAllocator;
 
 class ComposerClient;
 
@@ -92,28 +83,6 @@
     const sp<IComposerClient> mClient;
 };
 
-class Gralloc : public V2_1::vts::Gralloc {
-  public:
-    using NativeHandleWrapper = V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
-
-    Gralloc();
-    const NativeHandleWrapper allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount,
-                                       PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage, bool import = true,
-                                       uint32_t* outStride = nullptr) {
-        return V2_1::vts::Gralloc::allocate(
-                width, height, layerCount,
-                static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat>(format), usage,
-                import, outStride);
-    }
-
-    bool validateBufferSize(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                            uint32_t layerCount, PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage,
-                            uint32_t stride);
-
-  protected:
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc2_1> mGralloc2_1 = nullptr;
-};
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_2
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
index 58efde9..aa6932a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/GraphicsComposerCallback.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.1/MapperVts.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -38,12 +37,9 @@
 using common::V1_1::BufferUsage;
 using common::V1_1::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
-using IMapper2_1 = mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
-using Gralloc2_1 = mapper::V2_1::vts::Gralloc;
 using renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using V2_1::Display;
 using V2_1::Layer;
-using V2_1::vts::AccessRegion;
 using V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader;
 
 static const IComposerClient::Color BLACK = {0, 0, 0, 0xff};
@@ -113,9 +109,8 @@
 class TestBufferLayer : public TestLayer {
   public:
     TestBufferLayer(
-            const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc,
-            TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, Display display, int32_t width, int32_t height,
-            PixelFormat format,
+            const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, TestRenderEngine& renderEngine,
+            Display display, int32_t width, int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
             IComposerClient::Composition composition = IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
 
     void write(const std::shared_ptr<CommandWriterBase>& writer) override;
@@ -135,15 +130,11 @@
     uint32_t mLayerCount;
     PixelFormat mFormat;
     uint64_t mUsage;
-    AccessRegion mAccessRegion;
-    uint32_t mStride;
 
   protected:
     IComposerClient::Composition mComposition;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     TestRenderEngine& mRenderEngine;
-    int32_t mFillFence;
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper> mBufferHandle;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
 };
 
 class ReadbackHelper {
@@ -179,9 +170,8 @@
 
 class ReadbackBuffer {
   public:
-    ReadbackBuffer(Display display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                   const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                   PixelFormat pixelFormat, Dataspace dataspace);
+    ReadbackBuffer(Display display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, uint32_t width,
+                   uint32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat, Dataspace dataspace);
 
     void setReadbackBuffer();
 
@@ -193,13 +183,10 @@
     uint32_t mLayerCount;
     PixelFormat mFormat;
     uint64_t mUsage;
-    AccessRegion mAccessRegion;
-    uint32_t mStride;
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper> mBufferHandle = nullptr;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
     PixelFormat mPixelFormat;
     Dataspace mDataspace;
     Display mDisplay;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient> mComposerClient;
 };
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
index 26027d3..09b89ff 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -34,10 +33,8 @@
 namespace V2_2 {
 namespace vts {
 
-using mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 using renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs;
-using vts::Gralloc;
 
 class TestRenderEngine {
   public:
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 3476376..a781712 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
         "librenderengine_deps",
     ],
@@ -54,24 +53,13 @@
         "libsync",
         "libui",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libgtest",
         "librenderengine",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
index e2a0f4d..fa1d588 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -45,9 +44,7 @@
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
 using V2_1::Config;
 using V2_1::Display;
-using V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
 using V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader;
-using vts::Gralloc;
 
 class GraphicsCompositionTestBase : public ::testing::Test {
   protected:
@@ -79,7 +76,6 @@
         // set up command writer/reader and gralloc
         mWriter = std::make_shared<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
         mReader = std::make_unique<TestCommandReader>();
-        mGralloc = std::make_shared<Gralloc>();
 
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::ON));
 
@@ -143,7 +139,6 @@
     std::vector<ColorMode> mTestColorModes;
     std::shared_ptr<CommandWriterBase> mWriter;
     std::unique_ptr<TestCommandReader> mReader;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     std::unique_ptr<TestRenderEngine> mTestRenderEngine;
 
     bool mHasReadbackBuffer;
@@ -220,7 +215,7 @@
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, coloredSquare, BLUE);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -272,7 +267,7 @@
 
         mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
@@ -285,9 +280,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -352,15 +347,16 @@
         // This following buffer call should have no effect
         uint64_t usage =
                 static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN);
-        NativeHandleWrapper bufferHandle =
-                mGralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, 1, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, usage);
-        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, bufferHandle.get(), -1);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+                mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, (int32_t)PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, 1, usage);
+        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, buffer->initCheck());
+        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, buffer->handle, -1);
 
         // expected color for each pixel
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, coloredSquare, BLUE);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -419,16 +415,16 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
 
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>> layers = {layer};
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(layers);
@@ -462,25 +458,20 @@
             }
 
             // create client target buffer
-            uint32_t clientStride;
-            NativeHandleWrapper clientBufferHandle =
-                    mGralloc->allocate(layer->mWidth, layer->mHeight, layer->mLayerCount,
-                                       clientFormat, clientUsage, /*import*/ true, &clientStride);
-            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, clientBufferHandle.get());
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> clientBuffer =
+                    sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(layer->mWidth, layer->mHeight, (int32_t)clientFormat,
+                                            layer->mLayerCount, clientUsage);
+            ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->initCheck());
 
-            void* clientBufData =
-                    mGralloc->lock(clientBufferHandle.get(), clientUsage, layer->mAccessRegion, -1);
+            void* clientBufData = nullptr;
+            ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->lock(clientUsage, &clientBufData));
 
             ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(layer->mWidth, layer->mHeight,
-                                                               clientStride, clientBufData,
+                                                               clientBuffer->stride, clientBufData,
                                                                clientFormat, expectedColors));
-            int clientFence = mGralloc->unlock(clientBufferHandle.get());
-            if (clientFence != -1) {
-                sync_wait(clientFence, -1);
-                close(clientFence);
-            }
+            clientBuffer->unlock();
 
-            mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBufferHandle.get(), clientFence, clientDataspace,
+            mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBuffer->handle, -1, clientDataspace,
                                      std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, damage));
 
             layer->setToClientComposition(mWriter);
@@ -531,12 +522,12 @@
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth,
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}, RED);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
         auto deviceLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
                 mDisplayHeight / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> deviceColors(deviceLayer->mWidth *
                                                          deviceLayer->mHeight);
@@ -573,8 +564,8 @@
         }
 
         auto clientLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, clientWidth,
-                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, clientWidth, clientHeight,
+                PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
         IComposerClient::Rect clientFrame = {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight};
         clientLayer->setDisplayFrame(clientFrame);
         clientLayer->setZOrder(0);
@@ -590,27 +581,22 @@
         }
         // create client target buffer
         ASSERT_EQ(1, mReader->mCompositionChanges[0].second);
-        uint32_t clientStride;
-        NativeHandleWrapper clientBufferHandle =
-                mGralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, clientLayer->mLayerCount,
-                                   clientFormat, clientUsage, /*import*/ true, &clientStride);
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, clientBufferHandle.get());
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> clientBuffer =
+                sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, (int32_t)clientFormat,
+                                        clientLayer->mLayerCount, clientUsage);
+        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->initCheck());
 
-        void* clientBufData = mGralloc->lock(clientBufferHandle.get(), clientUsage,
-                                             {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}, -1);
+        void* clientBufData = nullptr;
+        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->lock(clientUsage, &clientBufData));
 
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> clientColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(clientColors, mDisplayWidth, clientFrame, RED);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                           clientStride, clientBufData,
+                                                           clientBuffer->stride, clientBufData,
                                                            clientFormat, clientColors));
-        int clientFence = mGralloc->unlock(clientBufferHandle.get());
-        if (clientFence != -1) {
-            sync_wait(clientFence, -1);
-            close(clientFence);
-        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->unlock());
 
-        mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBufferHandle.get(), clientFence, clientDataspace,
+        mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBuffer->handle, -1, clientDataspace,
                                  std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, clientFrame));
         clientLayer->setToClientComposition(mWriter);
         mWriter->validateDisplay();
@@ -655,9 +641,9 @@
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, redRect, RED);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -665,7 +651,7 @@
 
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>> layers = {layer};
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -742,7 +728,7 @@
 
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>> layers = {layer};
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
 
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
@@ -803,9 +789,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -819,7 +805,7 @@
         // update expected colors to match crop
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth,
                                        {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}, BLUE);
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(layers);
@@ -886,7 +872,7 @@
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, blueRect, BLUE);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, redRect, RED);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -955,9 +941,9 @@
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
         backgroundLayer->setColor(mBackgroundColor);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN, mWriter);
@@ -1043,7 +1029,7 @@
         setUpLayers(IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE);
         setExpectedColors(expectedColors);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
@@ -1102,7 +1088,7 @@
         setUpLayers(IComposerClient::BlendMode::COVERAGE);
         setExpectedColors(expectedColors);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
@@ -1153,7 +1139,7 @@
         setUpLayers(IComposerClient::BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED);
         setExpectedColors(expectedColors);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
@@ -1193,7 +1179,7 @@
         IComposerClient::Rect blueRect = {mSideLength / 2, mSideLength / 2, mSideLength,
                                           mSideLength};
 
-        mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine,
+        mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
                                                    mPrimaryDisplay, mSideLength, mSideLength,
                                                    PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mSideLength, mSideLength});
@@ -1236,7 +1222,7 @@
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Readback not supported or unsupported pixelFormat/dataspace";
             return;
         }
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         mLayer->setTransform(Transform::FLIP_H);
@@ -1291,7 +1277,7 @@
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Readback not supported or unsupported pixelFormat/dataspace";
             return;
         }
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -1346,7 +1332,7 @@
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Readback not supported or unsupported pixelFormat/dataspace";
             return;
         }
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp
index 13ae089..2bd287b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp
@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/GraphicsComposerCallback.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@
 using common::V1_1::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
 using common::V1_1::RenderIntent;
-using V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
 
 class GraphicsComposerHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
@@ -141,8 +139,6 @@
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::SetUp());
 
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-
         mWriter = std::make_unique<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
         mReader = std::make_unique<V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader>();
     }
@@ -152,20 +148,10 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate() {
-        uint64_t usage =
-                static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
-        return mGralloc->allocate(/*width*/ 64, /*height*/ 64, /*layerCount*/ 1,
-                                  PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, usage);
-    }
-
     void execute() { mComposerClient->execute(mReader.get(), mWriter.get()); }
 
     std::unique_ptr<CommandWriterBase> mWriter;
     std::unique_ptr<V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader> mReader;
-
-   private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -437,13 +423,11 @@
     uint64_t usage =
             static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> gralloc;
-    std::unique_ptr<NativeHandleWrapper> buffer;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer.reset(new NativeHandleWrapper(
-            gralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, 1, mReadbackPixelFormat, usage))));
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
+                                                       (int32_t)mReadbackPixelFormat, 1, usage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, buffer->initCheck());
 
-    mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, buffer->get(), -1);
+    mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, buffer->handle, -1);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -460,14 +444,12 @@
     uint64_t usage =
             static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> gralloc;
-    std::unique_ptr<NativeHandleWrapper> buffer;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer.reset(new NativeHandleWrapper(
-            gralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, 1, mReadbackPixelFormat, usage))));
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
+                                                       (int32_t)mReadbackPixelFormat, 1, usage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, buffer->initCheck());
 
-    Error error =
-            mComposerClient->getRaw()->setReadbackBuffer(mInvalidDisplayId, buffer->get(), nullptr);
+    Error error = mComposerClient->getRaw()->setReadbackBuffer(mInvalidDisplayId, buffer->handle,
+                                                               nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_DISPLAY, error);
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp
index b372804..99429db 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 13f2b11..0d3c27d 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
     ],
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -40,25 +39,14 @@
         "libhidlbase",
         "libsync",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp
index ecfe66c..c072ef0 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.3/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/GraphicsComposerCallback.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -43,7 +41,6 @@
 using common::V1_2::ColorMode;
 using common::V1_2::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_2::PixelFormat;
-using V2_2::vts::Gralloc;
 
 class GraphicsComposerHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
@@ -128,8 +125,6 @@
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::SetUp());
 
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-
         mWriter = std::make_unique<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
         mReader = std::make_unique<V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader>();
     }
@@ -143,9 +138,6 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<CommandWriterBase> mWriter;
     std::unique_ptr<V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader> mReader;
-
-   private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp
index d2b2ffa..c39b5eb1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
index b4ab259..52624b4 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
     ],
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -38,16 +37,10 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libfmq",
         "libsync",
+        "libui",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
@@ -56,10 +49,6 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index 773db93..7626995 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
         <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
         <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest" />
-        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="900000"/>
+        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="1800000"/>
     </test>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index 35225d9..7ae917b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.4/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.4/ComposerVts.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.4/GraphicsComposerCallback.h>
@@ -30,9 +29,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/3.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/4.0/MapperVts.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -51,9 +48,7 @@
 using common::V1_2::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_2::PixelFormat;
 using V2_1::Layer;
-using V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
 using V2_2::Transform;
-using V2_2::vts::Gralloc;
 
 using ContentType = IComposerClient::ContentType;
 using DisplayCapability = IComposerClient::DisplayCapability;
@@ -103,8 +98,6 @@
         }
         mComposerCallback->setVsyncAllowed(false);
 
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-
         mWriter = std::make_unique<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
         mReader = std::make_unique<TestCommandReader>();
     }
@@ -157,12 +150,15 @@
 
     void execute() { mComposerClient->execute(mReader.get(), mWriter.get()); }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate(int32_t width, int32_t height) {
-        return mGralloc->allocate(
-                width, height, /*layerCount*/ 1,
-                static_cast<common::V1_1::PixelFormat>(PixelFormat::RGBA_8888),
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate(int32_t width, int32_t height) {
+        auto result = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+                width, height, static_cast<int32_t>(PixelFormat::RGBA_8888), /*layerCount*/ 1,
                 static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN |
                                       BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY));
+        if (result->initCheck() != STATUS_OK) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 
     struct TestParameters {
@@ -256,7 +252,6 @@
     std::unique_ptr<CommandWriterBase> mWriter;
     std::unique_ptr<TestCommandReader> mReader;
     sp<GraphicsComposerCallback> mComposerCallback;
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
 };
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, getDisplayCapabilitiesBadDisplay) {
@@ -458,7 +453,7 @@
         mWriter->setLayerBlendMode(IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE);
         mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(
                 std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, display.getFrameRect()));
-        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
         mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
 
         mWriter->validateDisplay();
@@ -476,7 +471,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle.get());
 
         mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
         mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
         mWriter->validateDisplay();
         execute();
@@ -544,10 +539,12 @@
                       setActiveConfigWithConstraints(display, config2, constraints, &timeline));
 
             EXPECT_TRUE(timeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos >= constraints.desiredTimeNanos);
-            // Refresh rate should change within a reasonable time
-            constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kReasonableTimeForChange = 1s;  // 1 second
-            EXPECT_TRUE(timeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos - constraints.desiredTimeNanos <=
-                        kReasonableTimeForChange.count());
+            if (configGroup1 == configGroup2) {
+                // Refresh rate should change within a reasonable time
+                constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kReasonableTimeForChange = 1s;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(timeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos - constraints.desiredTimeNanos <=
+                            kReasonableTimeForChange.count());
+            }
 
             if (timeline.refreshRequired) {
                 if (params.refreshMiss) {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp
index 88abb73..c105ad4 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
                 enabled: true,
             },
         },
+        rust: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
     },
     versions_with_info: [
         {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
index 662240e..cce35e7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
@@ -45,4 +45,5 @@
   boolean acceptDisplayChanges;
   boolean presentDisplay;
   boolean presentOrValidateDisplay;
+  int frameIntervalNs;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl
index 908842a..040afd7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayConfiguration.Dpi dpi;
   int configGroup;
   int vsyncPeriod;
+  @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.VrrConfig vrrConfig;
   parcelable Dpi {
     float x;
     float y;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
index 2f08b6f..bc27cc7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
   int getActiveConfig(long display);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ColorMode[] getColorModes(long display);
   float[] getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(android.hardware.graphics.common.Dataspace dataspace);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use getDisplayConfigurations instead. Returns a display attribute value for a particular display configuration. For legacy support getDisplayAttribute should return valid values for any requested DisplayAttribute, and for all of the configs obtained either through getDisplayConfigs or getDisplayConfigurations.
+   */
   int getDisplayAttribute(long display, int config, android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayAttribute attribute);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayCapability[] getDisplayCapabilities(long display);
   /**
@@ -82,7 +85,8 @@
   android.hardware.graphics.common.HdrConversionCapability[] getHdrConversionCapabilities();
   android.hardware.graphics.common.Hdr setHdrConversionStrategy(in android.hardware.graphics.common.HdrConversionStrategy conversionStrategy);
   void setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(long display, boolean enabled);
-  android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayConfiguration[] getDisplayConfigurations(long display);
+  android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayConfiguration[] getDisplayConfigurations(long display, int maxFrameIntervalNs);
+  oneway void notifyExpectedPresent(long display, in android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime, int frameIntervalNs);
   const int EX_BAD_CONFIG = 1;
   const int EX_BAD_DISPLAY = 2;
   const int EX_BAD_LAYER = 3;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb2569f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2023, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+@VintfStability
+parcelable VrrConfig {
+  int minFrameIntervalNs;
+  @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.VrrConfig.FrameIntervalPowerHint[] frameIntervalPowerHints;
+  @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.VrrConfig.NotifyExpectedPresentConfig notifyExpectedPresentConfig;
+  parcelable FrameIntervalPowerHint {
+    int frameIntervalNs;
+    int averageRefreshPeriodNs;
+  }
+  parcelable NotifyExpectedPresentConfig {
+    int notifyExpectedPresentHeadsUpNs;
+    int notifyExpectedPresentTimeoutNs;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl
index ea54a89..0bd72a3 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl
@@ -39,14 +39,12 @@
     /**
      * The stage in which dimming operations should be performed when compositing
      * the client target.
+     *
      * Note that with a COLORIMETRIC RenderIntent, DimmingSpace must be LINEAR. That is, dimming
-     * is defined to occur in linear space.
-     * However, some composer implementations may, with other vendor-defined RenderIntents,
-     * configure their hardware such as image quality adjustments is intended to occur after
-     * composition. In this scenario, if the dimming operation were applied in linear space,
-     * then the resulting dimming operation may comepl those image quality adjustments to
-     * incorrectly alter the gamma curve. To avoid this issue, those implementations must opt to
-     * dim in gamma space.
+     * is defined to occur in linear space. However, some composer implementations may, with
+     * other vendor-defined RenderIntents, apply certain image quality adjustments that are
+     * sensitive to gamma shift when dimming in linear space. To avoid this issue, those
+     * implementations must opt to dim in gamma space.
      */
     DimmingStage dimmingStage;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
index 4f69aee..02c1389 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
@@ -174,4 +174,15 @@
      * or perform a VALIDATE_DISPLAY action instead.
      */
     boolean presentOrValidateDisplay;
+
+    /**
+     * If a value greater than 0 is set, it provides a hint about the next frame(s)
+     * cadence. This parameter represents the time in nanoseconds of when to expect the
+     * next frames to arrive. For example. frameIntervalNs=33333333 indicates that the
+     * cadence of the next frames is 30Hz.
+     *
+     * The implementation should take the necessary steps to present the next frames as
+     * close as possible to the cadence.
+     */
+    int frameIntervalNs;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl
index f4a7c45..09c42dc 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.aidl
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.VrrConfig;
 
 @VintfStability
 parcelable DisplayConfiguration {
@@ -60,4 +61,10 @@
      * must be signaled on a vsync boundary.
      */
     int vsyncPeriod;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents the specific configurations for VRR (Variable Refresh Rate) display modes.
+     * Non-VRR modes should set this to null.
+     */
+    @nullable VrrConfig vrrConfig;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
index 5d04a28..725c947 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.hardware.graphics.common.HdrConversionStrategy;
 import android.hardware.graphics.common.Transform;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClientTargetProperty;
+import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClockMonotonicTimestamp;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ColorMode;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.CommandResultPayload;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ContentType;
@@ -235,9 +236,18 @@
     float[] getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(android.hardware.graphics.common.Dataspace dataspace);
 
     /**
+     * @deprecated use getDisplayConfigurations instead.
+     *
      * Returns a display attribute value for a particular display
      * configuration.
      *
+     * For legacy support getDisplayAttribute should return valid values for any requested
+     * DisplayAttribute, and for all of the configs obtained either through getDisplayConfigs
+     * or getDisplayConfigurations.
+     *
+     * @see getDisplayConfigurations
+     * @see getDisplayConfigs
+     *
      * @param display is the display to query.
      * @param config is the display configuration for which to return
      *        attribute values.
@@ -869,8 +879,38 @@
      * getDisplayConfigs should return at least one config.
      *
      * @param display is the display for which the configurations are requested.
+     * @param maxFrameIntervalNs refers to the largest frameInterval to be set for
+     * VrrConfig.frameIntervalPowerHints in nanoseconds
      *
      * @see getDisplayConfigs
      */
-    DisplayConfiguration[] getDisplayConfigurations(long display);
+    DisplayConfiguration[] getDisplayConfigurations(long display, int maxFrameIntervalNs);
+
+    /**
+     * Provides an early hint for a frame that is likely to be presented.
+     * This is used for the implementation to take the necessary steps to ensure that
+     * the next frame(s) could be presented as close as possible to the expectedPresentTime and
+     * according to the frameIntervalNs cadence.
+     * See DisplayCommand.expectedPresentTime and DisplayCommand.frameIntervalNs.
+     *
+     * The framework will call this function based on the parameters specified in
+     * DisplayConfiguration.VrrConfig:
+     * - notifyExpectedPresentTimeoutNs specifies the idle time from the previous present command
+     * where the framework must send the early hint for the next frame.
+     * - notifyExpectedPresentHeadsUpNs specifies minimal time that framework must send
+     * the early hint before the next frame.
+     *
+     * The framework can omit calling this API when the next present command matches
+     * the cadence of the previous present command frameIntervalNs.
+     *
+     * If DisplayConfiguration.notifyExpectedPresentConfig is null, this function will never be
+     * called.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display for which the notifyExpectedPresent is called.
+     * @param expectedPresentTime is the expectedPresentTime that will be provided in the next
+     * present command
+     * @param frameIntervalNs is a hint about the cadence of the next frames in nanoseconds.
+     */
+    oneway void notifyExpectedPresent(
+            long display, in ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime, int frameIntervalNs);
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b241ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2023, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+
+@VintfStability
+parcelable VrrConfig {
+    /**
+     * The minimal time (in nanoseconds) that needs to pass between the previously presented frame
+     * and when the next frame can be presented.
+     */
+    int minFrameIntervalNs;
+
+    /**
+     * An optional mapping between frame intervals, and the physical display refresh period on
+     * average. This provides useful information to the framework when picking a specific frame rate
+     * (which is a divisor of the vsync rate) about the real display refresh rate, which could be
+     * used for power optimizations. The implementation should populate this map for frame rates
+     * that requires the display to run at a higher refresh rate due to self refresh frames. The
+     * lowest frame rate provided should be according to the parameter `maxFrameIntervalNs`
+     * specified in IComposerClient.getDisplayConfigurations, as the framework would generally not
+     * try to run at a lower frame rate.
+     */
+    parcelable FrameIntervalPowerHint {
+        int frameIntervalNs;
+        int averageRefreshPeriodNs;
+    }
+    @nullable FrameIntervalPowerHint[] frameIntervalPowerHints;
+
+    parcelable NotifyExpectedPresentConfig {
+        /**
+         * The minimal time in nanoseconds that IComposerClient.notifyExpectedPresent needs to be
+         * called ahead of an expectedPresentTime provided on a presentDisplay command.
+         */
+        int notifyExpectedPresentHeadsUpNs;
+
+        /**
+         * The time in nanoseconds that represents a timeout from the previous presentDisplay, which
+         * after this point the display needs a call to IComposerClient.notifyExpectedPresent before
+         * sending the next frame. If set to 0, there is no need to call
+         * IComposerClient.notifyExpectedPresent for timeout.
+         */
+        int notifyExpectedPresentTimeoutNs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parameters for when to call IComposerClient.notifyExpectedPresent.
+     *
+     * When set to null, the framework will not call IComposerClient.notifyExpectedPresent.
+     */
+    @nullable NotifyExpectedPresentConfig notifyExpectedPresentConfig;
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 88b5de4..e60e1a7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -55,13 +55,6 @@
         "libhidlbase",
         "libprocessgroup",
         "libtinyxml2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "libvndksupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
@@ -71,13 +64,6 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libarect",
         "libbase",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
index ee9f0d5..d5602c1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.1/MapperVts.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <memory>
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@
 using ::android::renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using common::Dataspace;
 using common::PixelFormat;
-using IMapper2_1 = ::android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 
 static const Color BLACK = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
 static const Color RED = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
index 66779c8..19e8a9b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
 
-using ::android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 using ::android::renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using ::android::renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using ::android::renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
index 43d3a42..612f0ea 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
-#include <mapper-vts/2.1/MapperVts.h>
 #include <math/half.h>
 #include <math/vec3.h>
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
 
-using ::android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 using ::android::renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using ::android::renderengine::ExternalTexture;
 using ::android::renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
index 25b0ca0..11b995e 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     return verifyComposerCallbackParams() && destroyAllLayers();
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getInterfaceVersion() {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getInterfaceVersion() const {
     int32_t version = 1;
     auto status = mComposerClient->getInterfaceVersion(&version);
     return {std::move(status), version};
@@ -295,7 +295,31 @@
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<int32_t>> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConfigs(
         int64_t display) {
     std::vector<int32_t> outConfigs;
-    return {mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display, &outConfigs), outConfigs};
+    if (!getDisplayConfigurationSupported()) {
+        return {mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display, &outConfigs), outConfigs};
+    }
+
+    auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(display);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return {std::move(status), outConfigs};
+    }
+    for (const auto& config : configs) {
+        outConfigs.emplace_back(config.configId);
+    }
+    return {std::move(status), outConfigs};
+}
+
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>>
+VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConfigurations(int64_t display) {
+    std::vector<DisplayConfiguration> outConfigs;
+    return {mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigurations(display, kMaxFrameIntervalNs, &outConfigs),
+            outConfigs};
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::notifyExpectedPresent(int64_t display,
+                                                       ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime,
+                                                       int frameIntervalNs) {
+    return mComposerClient->notifyExpectedPresent(display, expectedPresentTime, frameIntervalNs);
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(int64_t display) {
@@ -439,31 +463,41 @@
         vtsDisplays.reserve(displays.size());
         for (int64_t display : displays) {
             auto vtsDisplay = VtsDisplay{display};
-            auto configs = getDisplayConfigs(display);
-            if (!configs.first.isOk()) {
-                ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get the configs "
-                      "for display %" PRId64,
-                      display);
-                return {std::move(configs.first), vtsDisplays};
-            }
-            for (int config : configs.second) {
-                auto status = addDisplayConfig(&vtsDisplay, config);
+            if (getDisplayConfigurationSupported()) {
+                auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(display);
                 if (!status.isOk()) {
-                    ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to add config "
+                    ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get the DisplayConfigs "
                           "for display %" PRId64,
                           display);
                     return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
                 }
+                addDisplayConfigs(&vtsDisplay, configs);
+            } else {
+                auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigs(display);
+                if (!status.isOk()) {
+                    ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get the configs "
+                          "for display %" PRId64,
+                          display);
+                    return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
+                }
+                for (int config : configs) {
+                    status = addDisplayConfigLegacy(&vtsDisplay, config);
+                    if (!status.isOk()) {
+                        ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to add config "
+                              "for display %" PRId64,
+                              display);
+                        return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
+                    }
+                }
             }
-
-            auto config = getActiveConfig(display);
-            if (!config.first.isOk()) {
+            auto activeConfig = getActiveConfig(display);
+            if (!activeConfig.first.isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get active config "
-                      "for display %" PRId64, display);
-                return {std::move(config.first), vtsDisplays};
+                      "for display %" PRId64,
+                      display);
+                return {std::move(activeConfig.first), vtsDisplays};
             }
-
-            auto status = updateDisplayProperties(&vtsDisplay, config.second);
+            auto status = updateDisplayProperties(&vtsDisplay, activeConfig.second);
             if (!status.isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, "
                       "failed to update the properties "
@@ -480,39 +514,53 @@
     }
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::addDisplayConfig(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config) {
-    const auto width =
-            getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::WIDTH);
-    const auto height =
-            getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::HEIGHT);
+void VtsComposerClient::addDisplayConfigs(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay,
+                                          const std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>& configs) {
+    for (const auto& config : configs) {
+        vtsDisplay->addDisplayConfig(config.configId, {config.vsyncPeriod, config.configGroup});
+    }
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::addDisplayConfigLegacy(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config) {
     const auto vsyncPeriod =
             getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
     const auto configGroup =
             getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::CONFIG_GROUP);
-    if (width.first.isOk() && height.first.isOk() && vsyncPeriod.first.isOk() &&
-        configGroup.first.isOk()) {
+    if (vsyncPeriod.first.isOk() && configGroup.first.isOk()) {
         vtsDisplay->addDisplayConfig(config, {vsyncPeriod.second, configGroup.second});
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update display property for width: " << width.first.isOk()
-               << ", height: " << height.first.isOk() << ", vsync: " << vsyncPeriod.first.isOk()
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update display property vsync: " << vsyncPeriod.first.isOk()
                << ", config: " << configGroup.first.isOk();
     return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_CONFIG);
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::updateDisplayProperties(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config) {
-    const auto width =
-            getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::WIDTH);
-    const auto height =
-            getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::HEIGHT);
-    if (width.first.isOk() && height.first.isOk()) {
-        vtsDisplay->setDimensions(width.second, height.second);
-        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-    }
+    if (getDisplayConfigurationSupported()) {
+        auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId());
+        if (status.isOk()) {
+            for (const auto& displayConfig : configs) {
+                if (displayConfig.configId == config) {
+                    vtsDisplay->setDimensions(displayConfig.width, displayConfig.height);
+                    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update display property with DisplayConfig";
+    } else {
+        const auto width =
+                getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::WIDTH);
+        const auto height =
+                getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::HEIGHT);
+        if (width.first.isOk() && height.first.isOk()) {
+            vtsDisplay->setDimensions(width.second, height.second);
+            return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
 
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update display property for width: " << width.first.isOk()
-               << ", height: " << height.first.isOk();
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update display property for width: " << width.first.isOk()
+                   << ", height: " << height.first.isOk();
+    }
     return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_CONFIG);
 }
 
@@ -576,6 +624,13 @@
     return isValid;
 }
 
+bool VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConfigurationSupported() const {
+    auto [status, interfaceVersion] = getInterfaceVersion();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    // getDisplayConfigurations api is supported starting interface version 3
+    return interfaceVersion >= 3;
+}
+
 bool VtsComposerClient::destroyAllLayers() {
     std::unordered_map<int64_t, DisplayResource> physicalDisplays;
     while (!mDisplayResources.empty()) {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
index ea3318c..20dc733 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
     bool tearDown();
 
-    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getInterfaceVersion();
+    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getInterfaceVersion() const;
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, VirtualDisplay> createVirtualDisplay(int32_t width, int32_t height,
                                                                   PixelFormat pixelFormat,
@@ -142,6 +142,13 @@
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<int32_t>> getDisplayConfigs(int64_t display);
 
+    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>> getDisplayConfigurations(
+            int64_t display);
+
+    ScopedAStatus notifyExpectedPresent(int64_t display,
+                                        ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime,
+                                        int frameIntervalNs);
+
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getDisplayVsyncPeriod(int64_t display);
 
     ScopedAStatus setAutoLowLatencyMode(int64_t display, bool isEnabled);
@@ -189,8 +196,12 @@
 
     std::vector<RefreshRateChangedDebugData> takeListOfRefreshRateChangedDebugData();
 
+    static constexpr int32_t kMaxFrameIntervalNs = 50000000;  // 20fps
+
   private:
-    ScopedAStatus addDisplayConfig(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config);
+    void addDisplayConfigs(VtsDisplay*, const std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>&);
+    ScopedAStatus addDisplayConfigLegacy(VtsDisplay*, int32_t config);
+    bool getDisplayConfigurationSupported() const;
     ScopedAStatus updateDisplayProperties(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config);
 
     ScopedAStatus addDisplayToDisplayResources(int64_t display, bool isVirtual);
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
index b047220..269abd1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -129,33 +129,20 @@
         return {false, graphicBuffer};
     }
 
-    uint64_t getStableDisplayId(int64_t display) {
-        const auto& [status, identification] =
-                mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(display);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-
-        if (const auto info = ::android::parseDisplayIdentificationData(
-                    static_cast<uint8_t>(identification.port), identification.data)) {
-            return info->id.value;
-        }
-
-        return ::android::PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(static_cast<uint8_t>(identification.port))
-                .value;
-    }
-
     // Gets the per-display XML config
     std::unique_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument> getDisplayConfigXml(int64_t display) {
-        std::stringstream pathBuilder;
-        pathBuilder << "/vendor/etc/displayconfig/display_id_" << getStableDisplayId(display)
-                    << ".xml";
-        const std::string path = pathBuilder.str();
-        auto document = std::make_unique<tinyxml2::XMLDocument>();
-        const tinyxml2::XMLError error = document->LoadFile(path.c_str());
-        if (error == tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+
+        if (auto document = getDisplayConfigXmlByStableId(getStableDisplayId(display));
+                document != nullptr) {
             return document;
-        } else {
-            return nullptr;
         }
+
+        // Fallback to looking up a per-port config if no config exists for the full ID
+        if (auto document = getDisplayConfigXmlByPort(getPort(display)); document != nullptr) {
+            return document;
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     // Gets the max display brightness for this display.
@@ -256,6 +243,53 @@
             }
         }
     }
+
+    uint8_t getPort(int64_t display) {
+        const auto& [status, identification] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(display);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        return static_cast<uint8_t>(identification.port);
+    }
+
+    uint64_t getStableDisplayId(int64_t display) {
+        const auto& [status, identification] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(display);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        if (const auto info = ::android::parseDisplayIdentificationData(
+                    static_cast<uint8_t>(identification.port), identification.data)) {
+            return info->id.value;
+        }
+
+        return ::android::PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(static_cast<uint8_t>(identification.port))
+                .value;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument> loadXml(const std::string& path) {
+        auto document = std::make_unique<tinyxml2::XMLDocument>();
+        const tinyxml2::XMLError error = document->LoadFile(path.c_str());
+        if (error != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+            ALOGD("%s: Failed to load config file: %s", __func__, path.c_str());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        ALOGD("%s: Successfully loaded config file: %s", __func__, path.c_str());
+        return document;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument> getDisplayConfigXmlByPort(uint8_t port) {
+        std::stringstream pathBuilder;
+        pathBuilder << "/vendor/etc/displayconfig/display_port_" << static_cast<uint32_t>(port)
+                    << ".xml";
+        return loadXml(pathBuilder.str());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument> getDisplayConfigXmlByStableId(uint64_t stableId) {
+        std::stringstream pathBuilder;
+        pathBuilder << "/vendor/etc/displayconfig/display_id_" << stableId
+                    << ".xml";
+       return loadXml(pathBuilder.str());
+    }
 };
 
 class GraphicsCompositionTest : public GraphicsCompositionTestBase,
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
index bbcd36f..90944d5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -1208,6 +1208,158 @@
     }
 }
 
+class GraphicsComposerAidlV3Test : public GraphicsComposerAidlTest {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        GraphicsComposerAidlTest::SetUp();
+        if (getInterfaceVersion() <= 2) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Device interface version is expected to be >= 3";
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlV3Test, GetDisplayConfigurations) {
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, displayConfigurations] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigurations(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(displayConfigurations.empty());
+
+        for (const auto& displayConfig : displayConfigurations) {
+            EXPECT_NE(-1, displayConfig.width);
+            EXPECT_NE(-1, displayConfig.height);
+            EXPECT_NE(-1, displayConfig.vsyncPeriod);
+            EXPECT_NE(-1, displayConfig.configGroup);
+            if (displayConfig.dpi) {
+                EXPECT_NE(-1, displayConfig.dpi->x);
+                EXPECT_NE(-1, displayConfig.dpi->y);
+            }
+            if (displayConfig.vrrConfig) {
+                const auto& vrrConfig = *displayConfig.vrrConfig;
+                EXPECT_GE(vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs, displayConfig.vsyncPeriod);
+
+                const auto verifyFrameIntervalIsDivisorOfVsync = [&](int32_t frameIntervalNs) {
+                    constexpr auto kThreshold = 0.05f;  // 5%
+                    const auto ratio =
+                            static_cast<float>(frameIntervalNs) / displayConfig.vsyncPeriod;
+                    return ratio - std::round(ratio) <= kThreshold;
+                };
+
+                EXPECT_TRUE(verifyFrameIntervalIsDivisorOfVsync(vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs));
+
+                if (vrrConfig.frameIntervalPowerHints) {
+                    const auto& frameIntervalPowerHints = *vrrConfig.frameIntervalPowerHints;
+                    EXPECT_FALSE(frameIntervalPowerHints.empty());
+
+                    const auto minFrameInterval = *min_element(frameIntervalPowerHints.cbegin(),
+                                                               frameIntervalPowerHints.cend());
+                    EXPECT_LE(minFrameInterval->frameIntervalNs,
+                              VtsComposerClient::kMaxFrameIntervalNs);
+
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(std::all_of(frameIntervalPowerHints.cbegin(),
+                                            frameIntervalPowerHints.cend(),
+                                            [&](const auto& frameIntervalPowerHint) {
+                                                return verifyFrameIntervalIsDivisorOfVsync(
+                                                        frameIntervalPowerHint->frameIntervalNs);
+                                            }));
+                }
+
+                if (vrrConfig.notifyExpectedPresentConfig) {
+                    const auto& notifyExpectedPresentConfig =
+                            *vrrConfig.notifyExpectedPresentConfig;
+                    EXPECT_GT(0, notifyExpectedPresentConfig.notifyExpectedPresentHeadsUpNs);
+                    EXPECT_GE(0, notifyExpectedPresentConfig.notifyExpectedPresentTimeoutNs);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlV3Test, GetDisplayConfigsIsSubsetOfGetDisplayConfigurations) {
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, displayConfigurations] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigurations(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        const auto& [legacyConfigStatus, legacyConfigs] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(legacyConfigStatus.isOk());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(legacyConfigs.empty());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(legacyConfigs.size() <= displayConfigurations.size());
+
+        for (const auto legacyConfigId : legacyConfigs) {
+            const auto& legacyWidth = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), legacyConfigId, DisplayAttribute::WIDTH);
+            const auto& legacyHeight = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), legacyConfigId, DisplayAttribute::HEIGHT);
+            const auto& legacyVsyncPeriod = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), legacyConfigId, DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
+            const auto& legacyConfigGroup = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), legacyConfigId, DisplayAttribute::CONFIG_GROUP);
+            const auto& legacyDpiX = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), legacyConfigId, DisplayAttribute::DPI_X);
+            const auto& legacyDpiY = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), legacyConfigId, DisplayAttribute::DPI_Y);
+
+            EXPECT_TRUE(legacyWidth.first.isOk() && legacyHeight.first.isOk() &&
+                        legacyVsyncPeriod.first.isOk() && legacyConfigGroup.first.isOk());
+
+            EXPECT_TRUE(std::any_of(
+                    displayConfigurations.begin(), displayConfigurations.end(),
+                    [&](const auto& displayConfiguration) {
+                        const bool requiredAttributesPredicate =
+                                displayConfiguration.configId == legacyConfigId &&
+                                displayConfiguration.width == legacyWidth.second &&
+                                displayConfiguration.height == legacyHeight.second &&
+                                displayConfiguration.vsyncPeriod == legacyVsyncPeriod.second &&
+                                displayConfiguration.configGroup == legacyConfigGroup.second;
+
+                        if (!requiredAttributesPredicate) {
+                            // Required attributes did not match
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // Check optional attributes
+                        const auto& [legacyDpiXStatus, legacyDpiXValue] = legacyDpiX;
+                        const auto& [legacyDpiYStatus, legacyDpiYValue] = legacyDpiY;
+                        if (displayConfiguration.dpi) {
+                            if (!legacyDpiXStatus.isOk() || !legacyDpiYStatus.isOk()) {
+                                // getDisplayAttribute failed for optional attributes
+                                return false;
+                            }
+
+                            // DPI values in DisplayConfigurations are not scaled (* 1000.f)
+                            // the way they are in the legacy DisplayConfigs.
+                            constexpr float kEpsilon = 0.001f;
+                            return std::abs(displayConfiguration.dpi->x -
+                                            legacyDpiXValue / 1000.f) < kEpsilon &&
+                                   std::abs(displayConfiguration.dpi->y -
+                                            legacyDpiYValue / 1000.f) < kEpsilon;
+                        } else {
+                            return !legacyDpiXStatus.isOk() && !legacyDpiYStatus.isOk() &&
+                                   EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC == legacyDpiXStatus.getExceptionCode() &&
+                                   EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC == legacyDpiYStatus.getExceptionCode() &&
+                                   IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED ==
+                                           legacyDpiXStatus.getServiceSpecificError() &&
+                                   IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED ==
+                                           legacyDpiYStatus.getServiceSpecificError();
+                        }
+                    }));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO(b/291792736) Add detailed VTS test cases for NotifyExpectedPresent
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlV3Test, NotifyExpectedPresent) {
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient
+                            ->notifyExpectedPresent(display.getDisplayId(),
+                                                    ClockMonotonicTimestamp{0},
+                                                    std::chrono::nanoseconds{8ms}.count())
+                            .isOk());
+    }
+}
+
 // Tests for Command.
 class GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest : public GraphicsComposerAidlTest {
   protected:
@@ -2641,6 +2793,11 @@
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlV2Test,
         testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
         ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlV3Test);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlV3Test,
+        testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
+        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test,
diff --git a/health/utils/libhealthloop/include/health/HealthLoop.h b/health/utils/libhealthloop/include/health/HealthLoop.h
index 54b2740..fc3066e 100644
--- a/health/utils/libhealthloop/include/health/HealthLoop.h
+++ b/health/utils/libhealthloop/include/health/HealthLoop.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index e25249b..4a0be56 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
         <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="300000" /> <!-- 5 min -->
         <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalRadioV1_2TargetTest" />
     </test>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index 44b7419..a2cd791 100644
--- a/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
         <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="300000" /> <!-- 5 min -->
         <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalRadioV1_3TargetTest" />
     </test>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index d0843e6..54051ed 100644
--- a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
         <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="300000" /> <!-- 5 min -->
         <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalRadioV1_4TargetTest" />
     </test>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3617c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest.">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+
+    <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.MultiSimPreparer" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest->/data/local/tmp/VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="300000" /> <!-- 5 min -->
+        <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/radio/1.6/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.6/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ecdb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.6/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_6TargetTest.">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+
+    <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.MultiSimPreparer" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="VtsHalRadioV1_6TargetTest->/data/local/tmp/VtsHalRadioV1_6TargetTest" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="native-test-timeout" value="300000" /> <!-- 5 min -->
+        <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalRadioV1_6TargetTest" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
index cbc1e30..d1a831b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
@@ -82,4 +82,5 @@
   oneway void isNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled(in int serial);
   oneway void isN1ModeEnabled(in int serial);
   oneway void setN1ModeEnabled(in int serial, boolean enable);
+  oneway void setSatellitePlmn(in int serial, in List<String> plmnList);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
index c86bebc..bf43d7c 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
@@ -81,4 +81,5 @@
   oneway void isNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in boolean isEnabled);
   oneway void isN1ModeEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, boolean isEnabled);
   oneway void setN1ModeEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  oneway void setSatellitePlmnResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
index e4c3856..2f40bd6 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
@@ -556,4 +556,18 @@
      * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setN1ModeEnabledResponse()
      */
     void setN1ModeEnabled(in int serial, boolean enable);
+
+    /**
+     * Set the non-terrestrial PLMN with lower priority than terrestrial networks.
+     * MCC/MNC broadcast by the non-terrestrial networks may not be included in OPLMNwACT file on
+     * SIM profile. Acquisition of satellite based system is lower priority to terrestrial
+     * networks. UE shall make all attempts to acquire terrestrial service prior to camping on
+     * satellite LTE service.
+     *
+     * @param serial Serial number of request.
+     * @param plmnList The list of roaming PLMN used for connecting to satellite networks.
+     *
+     * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setSatellitePlmnResponse()
+     */
+    void setSatellitePlmn(in int serial, in List<String> plmnList);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
index db37a0e..9798944 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
@@ -668,4 +668,21 @@
      *   RadioError:INVALID_STATE
      */
     void setN1ModeEnabledResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
+
+    /**
+     * Response of setSatellitePlmn.
+     * This is an optional API.
+     *
+     * @param info Response info struct containing response type, serial no. and error.
+     *
+     * Valid errors returned:
+     *   RadioError:NONE
+     *   RadioError:INVALID_ARGUMENTS
+     *   RadioError:INVALID_MODEM_STATE
+     *   RadioError:MODEM_ERR
+     *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
+     *   RadioError:RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE
+     *   RadioError:REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED
+     */
+    void setSatellitePlmnResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
index d57c83d..ff3f10d 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled(int32_t serial, bool enabled) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled(int32_t serial) override;
 
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setSatellitePlmn(int32_t serial,
+                                          const std::vector<std::string>& plmnList) override;
+
   protected:
     std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponse> respond();
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
index a379eec..1aa7c29 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
@@ -372,4 +372,12 @@
     respond()->setN1ModeEnabledResponse(notSupported(serial));
     return ok();
 }
+
+ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::setSatellitePlmn(int32_t serial,
+                                             const std::vector<std::string>& /*plmnList*/) {
+    LOG_CALL << serial;
+    LOG(ERROR) << " setSatellitePlmn is unsupported by HIDL HALs";
+    respond()->setSatellitePlmnResponse(notSupported(serial));
+    return ok();
+}
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
index 25d45a5..eab9fac 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
@@ -320,3 +320,9 @@
     parent_network.notify(info.serial);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setSatellitePlmnResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
index 2beb249..9af2494 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
@@ -2076,3 +2076,37 @@
                                  {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
                                   RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
 }
+
+/**
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.setSatellitePlmn() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, setSatellitePlmn) {
+    int32_t aidl_version;
+    std::vector<std::string> plmnList = {"00101", "00102", "00103"};
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus aidl_status = radio_network->getInterfaceVersion(&aidl_version);
+    ASSERT_OK(aidl_status);
+    if (aidl_version < 3) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test since setSatellitePlmn is not supported on version < 3.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res = radio_network->setSatellitePlmn(serial, plmnList);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {
+                                         RadioError::NONE,
+                                         RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                         RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE,
+                                         RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                                         RadioError::NO_RESOURCES,
+                                         RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                         RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                 }));
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
index 8f8f6b0..c2466ac 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@
             const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool isEnabled) override;
 
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setN1ModeEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setSatellitePlmnResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
 };
 
 /* Callback class for radio network indication */
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
index 0499079..8a8eaa4 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
@@ -89,6 +89,29 @@
     return imei;
 }
 
+// Use `ro.product.<property>_for_attestation` property for attestation if it is present else
+// fallback to use `ro.product.vendor.<property>` if it is present else fallback to
+// `ro.product.<property>`. Similar logic can be seen in Java method `getVendorDeviceIdProperty`
+// in frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Build.java.
+template <Tag tag>
+void add_attestation_id(AuthorizationSetBuilder* attestation_id_tags,
+                        TypedTag<TagType::BYTES, tag> tag_type, const char* prop) {
+    ::android::String8 prop_name =
+            ::android::String8::format("ro.product.%s_for_attestation", prop);
+    std::string prop_value = ::android::base::GetProperty(prop_name.string(), /* default= */ "");
+    if (!prop_value.empty()) {
+        add_tag_from_prop(attestation_id_tags, tag_type, prop_name.string());
+    } else {
+        prop_name = ::android::String8::format("ro.product.vendor.%s", prop);
+        prop_value = ::android::base::GetProperty(prop_name.string(), /* default= */ "");
+        if (!prop_value.empty()) {
+            add_tag_from_prop(attestation_id_tags, tag_type, prop_name.string());
+        } else {
+            prop_name = ::android::String8::format("ro.product.%s", prop);
+            add_tag_from_prop(attestation_id_tags, tag_type, prop_name.string());
+        }
+    }
+}
 }  // namespace
 
 class AttestKeyTest : public KeyMintAidlTestBase {
@@ -798,11 +821,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(AttestKeyTest, EcdsaAttestationID) {
-    if (is_gsi_image()) {
-        // GSI sets up a standard set of device identifiers that may not match
-        // the device identifiers held by the device.
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable under GSI";
-    }
     // Create attestation key.
     AttestationKey attest_key;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> attest_key_characteristics;
@@ -822,39 +840,12 @@
 
     // Collection of valid attestation ID tags.
     auto attestation_id_tags = AuthorizationSetBuilder();
-    // Use ro.product.brand_for_attestation property for attestation if it is present else fallback
-    // to ro.product.brand
-    std::string prop_value =
-            ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.product.brand_for_attestation", /* default= */ "");
-    if (!prop_value.empty()) {
-        add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_BRAND,
-                          "ro.product.brand_for_attestation");
-    } else {
-        add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_BRAND, "ro.product.brand");
-    }
-    add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_DEVICE, "ro.product.device");
-    // Use ro.product.name_for_attestation property for attestation if it is present else fallback
-    // to ro.product.name
-    prop_value = ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.product.name_for_attestation", /* default= */ "");
-    if (!prop_value.empty()) {
-        add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_PRODUCT,
-                          "ro.product.name_for_attestation");
-    } else {
-        add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_PRODUCT, "ro.product.name");
-    }
+    add_attestation_id(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_BRAND, "brand");
+    add_attestation_id(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_DEVICE, "device");
+    add_attestation_id(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_PRODUCT, "name");
+    add_attestation_id(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MANUFACTURER, "manufacturer");
+    add_attestation_id(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MODEL, "model");
     add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_SERIAL, "ro.serialno");
-    add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MANUFACTURER,
-                      "ro.product.manufacturer");
-    // Use ro.product.model_for_attestation property for attestation if it is present else fallback
-    // to ro.product.model
-    prop_value =
-            ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.product.model_for_attestation", /* default= */ "");
-    if (!prop_value.empty()) {
-        add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MODEL,
-                          "ro.product.model_for_attestation");
-    } else {
-        add_tag_from_prop(&attestation_id_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MODEL, "ro.product.model");
-    }
 
     string imei = get_imei(0);
     if (!imei.empty()) {
@@ -955,12 +946,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(AttestKeyTest, SecondIMEIAttestationIDSuccess) {
-    if (is_gsi_image()) {
-        // GSI sets up a standard set of device identifiers that may not match
-        // the device identifiers held by the device.
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable under GSI";
-    }
-
     // Skip the test if there is no second IMEI exists.
     string second_imei = get_imei(1);
     if (second_imei.empty()) {
@@ -1029,12 +1014,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(AttestKeyTest, MultipleIMEIAttestationIDSuccess) {
-    if (is_gsi_image()) {
-        // GSI sets up a standard set of device identifiers that may not match
-        // the device identifiers held by the device.
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable under GSI";
-    }
-
     // Skip the test if there is no first IMEI exists.
     string imei = get_imei(0);
     if (imei.empty()) {
diff --git a/security/rkp/README.md b/security/rkp/README.md
index f8e1d5e..8cd1582 100644
--- a/security/rkp/README.md
+++ b/security/rkp/README.md
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 * Degenerate DICE (Phase 1): A TEE root of trust key pair is used to sign
   certificate requests; a single self-signed certificate signifies this phase.
 * DICE (Phase 2): A hardware root of trust key pair is only accessible to ROM
-  code; the boot process follows the [Android Profile for
+  or ROM extension code; the boot process follows the [Android Profile for
   DICE](#android-profile-for-dice).
 * SoC vendor certified DICE (Phase 3): This is identical to Phase 2, except the
   SoC vendor also does the UDS\_pub extraction or certification in their
diff --git a/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp b/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp
index 3bdd8b6..ca3eb14 100644
--- a/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp
+++ b/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
     mSensorInfo.fifoReservedEventCount = 0;
     mSensorInfo.fifoMaxEventCount = 0;
     mSensorInfo.requiredPermission = "";
-    mSensorInfo.flags = 0;
+    mSensorInfo.flags = static_cast<uint32_t>(SensorInfo::SENSOR_FLAG_BITS_DATA_INJECTION);
 };
 
 void MagnetometerSensor::readEventPayload(EventPayload& payload) {
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
     mSensorInfo.fifoReservedEventCount = 0;
     mSensorInfo.fifoMaxEventCount = 0;
     mSensorInfo.requiredPermission = "";
-    mSensorInfo.flags = 0;
+    mSensorInfo.flags = static_cast<uint32_t>(SensorInfo::SENSOR_FLAG_BITS_DATA_INJECTION);
 };
 
 void GyroSensor::readEventPayload(EventPayload& payload) {
diff --git a/sensors/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalSensorsTargetTest.cpp b/sensors/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalSensorsTargetTest.cpp
index 618acbb..456aee7 100644
--- a/sensors/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalSensorsTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/sensors/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalSensorsTargetTest.cpp
@@ -921,9 +921,15 @@
             continue;
         }
 
+        // Skip sensors with no events
+        const std::vector<Event> events = callback.getEvents(sensor.sensorHandle);
+        if (events.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         // Ensure that the first event received is not stale by ensuring that its timestamp is
         // sufficiently different from the previous event
-        const Event newEvent = callback.getEvents(sensor.sensorHandle).front();
+        const Event newEvent = events.front();
         std::chrono::milliseconds delta =
                 duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(std::chrono::nanoseconds(
                         newEvent.timestamp - lastEventTimestampMap[sensor.sensorHandle]));
diff --git a/sensors/common/vts/2_X/VtsHalSensorsV2_XTargetTest.h b/sensors/common/vts/2_X/VtsHalSensorsV2_XTargetTest.h
index aa6e881..b381580 100644
--- a/sensors/common/vts/2_X/VtsHalSensorsV2_XTargetTest.h
+++ b/sensors/common/vts/2_X/VtsHalSensorsV2_XTargetTest.h
@@ -806,9 +806,15 @@
             continue;
         }
 
+        // Skip sensors with no events
+        const std::vector<EventType> events = callback.getEvents(sensor.sensorHandle);
+        if (events.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         // Ensure that the first event received is not stale by ensuring that its timestamp is
         // sufficiently different from the previous event
-        const EventType newEvent = callback.getEvents(sensor.sensorHandle).front();
+        const EventType newEvent = events.front();
         milliseconds delta = duration_cast<milliseconds>(
                 nanoseconds(newEvent.timestamp - lastEventTimestampMap[sensor.sensorHandle]));
         milliseconds sensorMinDelay = duration_cast<milliseconds>(microseconds(sensor.minDelay));
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorDataPacketFormat.aidl b/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorDataPacketFormat.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efafa32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorDataPacketFormat.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.uwb.fira_android;
+@Backing(type="byte") @VintfStability
+enum UwbVendorDataPacketFormat {
+  RADAR_DATA_MESSAGE = 0xF,
+}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl b/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl
index 34bc4ec..1506406 100644
--- a/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl
+++ b/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl
@@ -39,5 +39,4 @@
   ANDROID_RANGE_DIAGNOSTICS = 0x2,
   RADAR_SET_APP_CONFIG = 0x11,
   RADAR_GET_APP_CONFIG = 0x12,
-  RADAR_DATA_NTF = 0x13,
 }
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorDataPacketFormat.aidl b/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorDataPacketFormat.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a1b033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorDataPacketFormat.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.uwb.fira_android;
+
+/**
+ * Android specific vendor DPF (Data Packet Format) should be defined here.
+ */
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="byte")
+enum UwbVendorDataPacketFormat {
+    // Used to send radar data messages from UWBS to the host.
+    RADAR_DATA_MESSAGE = 0xF,
+}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl b/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl
index 203b940..95c10a8 100644
--- a/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl
+++ b/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorGidAndroidOids.aidl
@@ -46,6 +46,4 @@
     RADAR_SET_APP_CONFIG = 0x11,
     // Used to get application configurations for radar session.
     RADAR_GET_APP_CONFIG = 0x12,
-    // Used to report radar data for certain radar data types.
-    RADAR_DATA_NTF = 0x13,
 }
diff --git a/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 049ec73..00943fd 100644
--- a/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/hardware/vr/1.0/IVr.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <hardware/vr.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index cc1d284..0000000
--- a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest",
-    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
-    srcs: ["VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp"],
-    static_libs: ["android.hardware.weaver@1.0"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
-}
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index ec8c304..0000000
--- a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 186411
-chengyouho@google.com
-frankwoo@google.com
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 66465a9..0000000
--- a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android/hardware/weaver/1.0/IWeaver.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
-#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-
-#include <limits>
-
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::IWeaver;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverConfig;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadStatus;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadResponse;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverStatus;
-using ::android::hardware::Return;
-using ::android::sp;
-
-const std::vector<uint8_t> KEY{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> WRONG_KEY{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
-
-struct WeaverHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
-    virtual void SetUp() override {
-        weaver = IWeaver::getService(GetParam());
-        ASSERT_NE(weaver, nullptr);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() override {}
-
-    sp<IWeaver> weaver;
-};
-
-/*
- * Checks config values are suitably large
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, GetConfig) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    EXPECT_GE(config.slots, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.keySize, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.valueSize, 16u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the config twice and checks they are the same
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, GettingConfigMultipleTimesGivesSameResult) {
-    WeaverConfig config1;
-    WeaverConfig config2;
-
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        config1 = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    callbackCalled = false;
-    ret = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        config2 = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(config1, config2);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the number of slots from the config and writes a key and value to the last one
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteToLastSlot) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    const uint32_t lastSlot = config.slots - 1;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(lastSlot, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::OK);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with the same key and receives the value that was previously written
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadGivesTheSameValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(ret, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        readValue = r.value;
-        timeout = r.timeout;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Overwrites the slot with a new key and value
- * Reads the slot with the new key and receives the new value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, OverwritingSlotUpdatesTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto initialWriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, WRONG_KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(initialWriteRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(initialWriteRet, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    const auto overwriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, OTHER_VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(overwriteRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(overwriteRet, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        readValue = r.value;
-        timeout = r.timeout;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, OTHER_VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with a different key so does not receive the value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadWithWrongKeyDoesNotGiveTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(ret, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, WRONG_KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-            callbackCalled = true;
-            status = s;
-            readValue = r.value;
-        });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing to an invalid slot fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WritingToInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(config.slots, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading from an invalid slot fails rather than incorrect key
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, ReadingFromInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus readStatus;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(config.slots, KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-            callbackCalled = true;
-            readStatus = s;
-            readValue = r.value;
-            timeout = r.timeout;
-        });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(readStatus, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a key that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, bigKey, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a value that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeValueFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigValue(config.valueSize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, bigValue);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading with a key that is loo large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, ReadWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus readStatus;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, bigKey, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-            callbackCalled = true;
-            readStatus = s;
-            readValue = r.value;
-            timeout = r.timeout;
-        });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(readStatus, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WeaverHidlTest);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        PerInstance, WeaverHidlTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IWeaver::descriptor)),
-        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
diff --git a/weaver/OWNERS b/weaver/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e579f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weaver/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Bug component: 1081729
+ebiggers@google.com
+paulcrowley@google.com
+swillden@google.com
+wfrichar@google.com
+chengyouho@google.com
diff --git a/weaver/aidl/vts/OWNERS b/weaver/aidl/vts/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 40d95e4..0000000
--- a/weaver/aidl/vts/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-chengyouho@google.com
-frankwoo@google.com
diff --git a/weaver/aidl/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp b/weaver/aidl/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f016515..0000000
--- a/weaver/aidl/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
-#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/weaver/IWeaver.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
-#include <android/binder_process.h>
-
-#include <limits>
-
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::IWeaver;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverConfig;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadResponse;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadStatus;
-
-using ::ndk::SpAIBinder;
-
-const std::vector<uint8_t> KEY{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> WRONG_KEY{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
-
-struct WeaverAidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
-    virtual void SetUp() override {
-        weaver = IWeaver::fromBinder(
-            SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
-        ASSERT_NE(weaver, nullptr);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() override {}
-
-    std::shared_ptr<IWeaver> weaver;
-};
-
-/*
- * Checks config values are suitably large
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, GetConfig) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    EXPECT_GE(config.slots, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.keySize, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.valueSize, 16u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the config twice and checks they are the same
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, GettingConfigMultipleTimesGivesSameResult) {
-    WeaverConfig config1;
-    WeaverConfig config2;
-
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig(&config1);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    ret = weaver->getConfig(&config2);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(config1, config2);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the number of slots from the config and writes a key and value to the last one
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteToLastSlot) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    const uint32_t lastSlot = config.slots - 1;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(lastSlot, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with the same key and receives the value that was previously written
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadGivesTheSameValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Overwrites the slot with a new key and value
- * Reads the slot with the new key and receives the new value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, OverwritingSlotUpdatesTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto initialWriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, WRONG_KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(initialWriteRet.isOk());
-
-    const auto overwriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, OTHER_VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(overwriteRet.isOk());
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, OTHER_VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with a different key so does not receive the value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadWithWrongKeyDoesNotGiveTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, WRONG_KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing to an invalid slot fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WritingToInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(config.slots, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading from an invalid slot fails rather than incorrect key
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, ReadingFromInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(config.slots, KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a key that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, bigKey, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a value that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeValueFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigValue(config.valueSize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, bigValue);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading with a key that is loo large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, ReadWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, bigKey, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WeaverAidlTest);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        PerInstance, WeaverAidlTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWeaver::descriptor)),
-        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
-    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
diff --git a/weaver/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/weaver/vts/Android.bp
similarity index 92%
rename from weaver/aidl/vts/Android.bp
rename to weaver/vts/Android.bp
index 557fe47..ee03b28 100644
--- a/weaver/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/weaver/vts/Android.bp
@@ -34,7 +34,10 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libbase",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["android.hardware.weaver-V2-ndk"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.weaver-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.weaver@1.0",
+    ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
         "vts",
diff --git a/weaver/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp b/weaver/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..754d467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weaver/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/weaver/IWeaver.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <android/hardware/weaver/1.0/IWeaver.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::IWeaver;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverConfig;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadResponse;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadStatus;
+
+using HidlIWeaver = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::IWeaver;
+using HidlWeaverConfig = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverConfig;
+using HidlWeaverReadStatus = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadStatus;
+using HidlWeaverReadResponse = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadResponse;
+using HidlWeaverStatus = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverStatus;
+
+const std::string kSlotMapFile = "/metadata/password_slots/slot_map";
+const std::vector<uint8_t> KEY{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
+const std::vector<uint8_t> WRONG_KEY{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
+const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
+
+class WeaverAdapter {
+  public:
+    virtual ~WeaverAdapter() {}
+    virtual bool isReady() = 0;
+    virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(WeaverConfig* _aidl_return) = 0;
+    virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus read(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                                      WeaverReadResponse* _aidl_return) = 0;
+    virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                                       const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_value) = 0;
+};
+
+class WeaverAidlAdapter : public WeaverAdapter {
+  public:
+    WeaverAidlAdapter(const std::string& param)
+        : aidl_weaver_(IWeaver::fromBinder(
+                  ::ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(param.c_str())))) {}
+    ~WeaverAidlAdapter() {}
+
+    bool isReady() { return aidl_weaver_ != nullptr; }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(WeaverConfig* _aidl_return) {
+        return aidl_weaver_->getConfig(_aidl_return);
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus read(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                              WeaverReadResponse* _aidl_return) {
+        return aidl_weaver_->read(in_slotId, in_key, _aidl_return);
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                               const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_value) {
+        return aidl_weaver_->write(in_slotId, in_key, in_value);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::shared_ptr<IWeaver> aidl_weaver_;
+};
+
+class WeaverHidlAdapter : public WeaverAdapter {
+  public:
+    WeaverHidlAdapter(const std::string& param) : hidl_weaver_(HidlIWeaver::getService(param)) {}
+    ~WeaverHidlAdapter() {}
+
+    bool isReady() { return hidl_weaver_ != nullptr; }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(WeaverConfig* _aidl_return) {
+        bool callbackCalled = false;
+        HidlWeaverStatus status;
+        HidlWeaverConfig config;
+        auto ret = hidl_weaver_->getConfig([&](HidlWeaverStatus s, HidlWeaverConfig c) {
+            callbackCalled = true;
+            status = s;
+            config = c;
+        });
+        if (!ret.isOk() || !callbackCalled || status != HidlWeaverStatus::OK) {
+            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+        }
+        _aidl_return->slots = config.slots;
+        _aidl_return->keySize = config.keySize;
+        _aidl_return->valueSize = config.valueSize;
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus read(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                              WeaverReadResponse* _aidl_return) {
+        bool callbackCalled = false;
+        HidlWeaverReadStatus status;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> value;
+        uint32_t timeout;
+        auto ret = hidl_weaver_->read(in_slotId, in_key,
+                                      [&](HidlWeaverReadStatus s, HidlWeaverReadResponse r) {
+                                          callbackCalled = true;
+                                          status = s;
+                                          value = r.value;
+                                          timeout = r.timeout;
+                                      });
+        if (!ret.isOk() || !callbackCalled) {
+            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+        }
+        switch (status) {
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::OK:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::OK;
+                break;
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::FAILED:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::FAILED;
+                break;
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY;
+                break;
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::THROTTLE:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::THROTTLE;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Unknown HIDL read status: " << static_cast<uint32_t>(status);
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::FAILED;
+                break;
+        }
+        _aidl_return->value = value;
+        _aidl_return->timeout = timeout;
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                               const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_value) {
+        auto status = hidl_weaver_->write(in_slotId, in_key, in_value);
+        switch (status) {
+            case HidlWeaverStatus::OK:
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+            case HidlWeaverStatus::FAILED:
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Unknown HIDL write status: " << status.description();
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    android::sp<HidlIWeaver> hidl_weaver_;
+};
+
+class WeaverTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override;
+    void TearDown() override {}
+    void FindFreeSlots();
+
+    std::unique_ptr<WeaverAdapter> weaver_;
+    WeaverConfig config_;
+    uint32_t first_free_slot_;
+    uint32_t last_free_slot_;
+};
+
+void WeaverTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string api, instance_name;
+    std::tie(api, instance_name) = GetParam();
+    if (api == "hidl") {
+        weaver_.reset(new WeaverHidlAdapter(instance_name));
+    } else if (api == "aidl") {
+        weaver_.reset(new WeaverAidlAdapter(instance_name));
+    } else {
+        FAIL() << "Bad test parameterization";
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(weaver_->isReady());
+
+    auto ret = weaver_->getConfig(&config_);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+    ASSERT_GT(config_.slots, 0);
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "WeaverConfig: slots=" << config_.slots << ", keySize=" << config_.keySize
+                     << ", valueSize=" << config_.valueSize;
+
+    FindFreeSlots();
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "First free slot is " << first_free_slot_ << ", last free slot is "
+                     << last_free_slot_;
+}
+
+void WeaverTest::FindFreeSlots() {
+    // Determine which Weaver slots are in use by the system. These slots can't be used by the test.
+    std::set<uint32_t> used_slots;
+    if (access(kSlotMapFile.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
+        std::string contents;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(kSlotMapFile, &contents))
+                << "Failed to read " << kSlotMapFile;
+        for (const auto& line : android::base::Split(contents, "\n")) {
+            auto trimmed_line = android::base::Trim(line);
+            if (trimmed_line[0] == '#' || trimmed_line[0] == '\0') continue;
+            auto slot_and_user = android::base::Split(trimmed_line, "=");
+            uint32_t slot;
+            ASSERT_TRUE(slot_and_user.size() == 2 &&
+                        android::base::ParseUint(slot_and_user[0], &slot))
+                    << "Error parsing " << kSlotMapFile << " at \"" << line << "\"";
+            GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Slot " << slot << " is in use by " << slot_and_user[1];
+            ASSERT_LT(slot, config_.slots);
+            used_slots.insert(slot);
+        }
+    }
+    // Starting in Android 14, the system will always use at least one Weaver slot if Weaver is
+    // supported at all.  Make sure we saw at least one.
+    // TODO: uncomment after Android 14 is merged into AOSP
+    // ASSERT_FALSE(used_slots.empty())
+    //<< "Could not determine which Weaver slots are in use by the system";
+
+    // Find the first free slot.
+    int found = 0;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < config_.slots; i++) {
+        if (used_slots.find(i) == used_slots.end()) {
+            first_free_slot_ = i;
+            found++;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    // Find the last free slot.
+    for (uint32_t i = config_.slots; i > 0; i--) {
+        if (used_slots.find(i - 1) == used_slots.end()) {
+            last_free_slot_ = i - 1;
+            found++;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(found, 2) << "All Weaver slots are already in use by the system";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Checks config values are suitably large
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, GetConfig) {
+    EXPECT_GE(config_.slots, 16u);
+    EXPECT_GE(config_.keySize, 16u);
+    EXPECT_GE(config_.valueSize, 16u);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets the config twice and checks they are the same
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, GettingConfigMultipleTimesGivesSameResult) {
+    WeaverConfig config2;
+
+    auto ret = weaver_->getConfig(&config2);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(config_, config2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to the last free slot
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteToLastSlot) {
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(last_free_slot_, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to a slot
+ * Reads the slot with the same key and receives the value that was previously written
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteFollowedByReadGivesTheSameValue) {
+    const uint32_t slotId = first_free_slot_;
+    const auto ret = weaver_->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.value, VALUE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to a slot
+ * Overwrites the slot with a new key and value
+ * Reads the slot with the new key and receives the new value
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, OverwritingSlotUpdatesTheValue) {
+    const uint32_t slotId = first_free_slot_;
+    const auto initialWriteRet = weaver_->write(slotId, WRONG_KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(initialWriteRet.isOk());
+
+    const auto overwriteRet = weaver_->write(slotId, KEY, OTHER_VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(overwriteRet.isOk());
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.value, OTHER_VALUE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to a slot
+ * Reads the slot with a different key so does not receive the value
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteFollowedByReadWithWrongKeyDoesNotGiveTheValue) {
+    const uint32_t slotId = first_free_slot_;
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(slotId, WRONG_KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(response.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writing to an invalid slot fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WritingToInvalidSlotFails) {
+    if (config_.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(config_.slots, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reading from an invalid slot fails rather than incorrect key
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, ReadingFromInvalidSlotFails) {
+    if (config_.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
+        return;
+    }
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(config_.slots, KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(response.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writing a key that is too large fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config_.keySize + 1);
+
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(first_free_slot_, bigKey, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writing a value that is too large fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteWithTooLargeValueFails) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bigValue(config_.valueSize + 1);
+
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(first_free_slot_, KEY, bigValue);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reading with a key that is too large fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, ReadWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config_.keySize + 1);
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(first_free_slot_, bigKey, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(response.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WeaverTest);
+
+// Instantiate the test for each HIDL Weaver service.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerHidlInstance, WeaverTest,
+        testing::Combine(testing::Values("hidl"),
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(
+                                 HidlIWeaver::descriptor))),
+        [](const testing::TestParamInfo<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>>& info) {
+            return android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString(
+                    testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>{std::get<1>(info.param), info.index});
+        });
+
+// Instantiate the test for each AIDL Weaver service.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerAidlInstance, WeaverTest,
+        testing::Combine(testing::Values("aidl"),
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWeaver::descriptor))),
+        [](const testing::TestParamInfo<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>>& info) {
+            // This name_generator makes the instance name be included in the test case names, e.g.
+            // "PerAidlInstance/WeaverTest#GetConfig/0_android_hardware_weaver_IWeaver_default"
+            // instead of "PerAidlInstance/WeaverTest#GetConfig/0".
+            return android::PrintInstanceNameToString(
+                    testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>{std::get<1>(info.param), info.index});
+        });
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp
index 95bcec7..738e72c 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
     // Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callbacks.
     inline void notify(CallbackType callbackType) {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-        callback_event_bitmap_ |= (0x1 << callbackType);
+        callback_event_bitmap_ |= (UINT64_C(0x1) << callbackType);
         cv_.notify_one();
     }
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
     }
 
     inline bool receivedCallback(CallbackType waitForCallbackType) {
-        return callback_event_bitmap_ & (0x1 << waitForCallbackType);
+        return callback_event_bitmap_ & (UINT64_C(0x1) << waitForCallbackType);
     }
 
     class WifiNanIfaceEventCallback : public BnWifiNanIfaceEventCallback {