diff --git a/automotive/evs/OWNERS b/automotive/evs/OWNERS
index fec2a3a..6fc5024 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/OWNERS
+++ b/automotive/evs/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 changyeon@google.com
+garysungang@google.com
 haoxiangl@google.com
-swan@google.com
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
index b179f35..19f5e8c 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 
 #include <composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h>
+#include <composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h>
+#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -257,10 +259,11 @@
 }
 
 TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc, Display display,
-                                 int32_t width, int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
+                                 const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc,
+                                 TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, Display display, int32_t width,
+                                 int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                  IComposerClient::Composition composition)
-    : TestLayer{client, display} {
+    : TestLayer{client, display}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
     mGralloc = gralloc;
     mComposition = composition;
     mWidth = width;
@@ -293,9 +296,11 @@
 
 LayerSettings TestBufferLayer::toRenderEngineLayerSettings() {
     LayerSettings layerSettings = TestLayer::toRenderEngineLayerSettings();
-    layerSettings.source.buffer.buffer =
+    layerSettings.source.buffer.buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(
             new GraphicBuffer(mBufferHandle, GraphicBuffer::CLONE_HANDLE, mWidth, mHeight,
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(mFormat), 1, mUsage, mStride);
+                              static_cast<int32_t>(mFormat), 1, mUsage, mStride),
+            mRenderEngine.getInternalRenderEngine(),
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
 
     layerSettings.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha =
             mBlendMode == IComposerClient::BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
index 3becace..f78dda2 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@
                    [](renderengine::LayerSettings& settings) -> renderengine::LayerSettings* {
                        return &settings;
                    });
-    mRenderEngine->drawLayers(mDisplaySettings, compositionLayerPointers, mGraphicBuffer, true,
+    auto texture = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(
+            mGraphicBuffer, *mRenderEngine, renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    mRenderEngine->drawLayers(mDisplaySettings, compositionLayerPointers, texture, true,
                               std::move(bufferFence), &readyFence);
     int fd = readyFence.release();
     if (fd != -1) {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
index d5eedf1..b24e3b6 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
 static const IComposerClient::Color GREEN = {0, 0xff, 0, 0xff};
 static const IComposerClient::Color BLUE = {0, 0, 0xff, 0xff};
 
+class TestRenderEngine;
+
 class TestLayer {
   public:
     TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, Display display)
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@
   public:
     TestBufferLayer(
             const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc,
-            Display display, int32_t width, int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
+            TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, Display display, int32_t width, int32_t height,
+            PixelFormat format,
             IComposerClient::Composition composition = IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
 
     ~TestBufferLayer();
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@
   protected:
     IComposerClient::Composition mComposition;
     std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
+    TestRenderEngine& mRenderEngine;
     int32_t mFillFence;
     const native_handle_t* mBufferHandle = nullptr;
 };
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
index f2d5f19..26027d3 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#pragma once
+
 #include <composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h>
 #include <math/half.h>
 #include <math/vec3.h>
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
@@ -51,12 +54,15 @@
     void drawLayers();
     void checkColorBuffer(std::vector<V2_2::IComposerClient::Color>& expectedColors);
 
+    renderengine::RenderEngine& getInternalRenderEngine() { return *mRenderEngine; }
+
   private:
     common::V1_1::PixelFormat mFormat;
     std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> mCompositionLayers;
     std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine> mRenderEngine;
     std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> mRenderLayers;
     sp<GraphicBuffer> mGraphicBuffer;
+
     DisplaySettings mDisplaySettings;
 };
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
index 1463c3b..8d52173 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -288,9 +288,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                                       mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                       PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -422,9 +422,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                                       mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                       PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -538,8 +538,8 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
         auto deviceLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2,
-                PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mDisplayHeight / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> deviceColors(deviceLayer->mWidth *
                                                          deviceLayer->mHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(deviceColors, deviceLayer->mWidth,
@@ -575,8 +575,8 @@
         }
 
         auto clientLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay, clientWidth, clientHeight,
-                PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, clientWidth,
+                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
         IComposerClient::Rect clientFrame = {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight};
         clientLayer->setDisplayFrame(clientFrame);
         clientLayer->setZOrder(0);
@@ -657,9 +657,9 @@
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, redRect, RED);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                                       mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                       PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -805,9 +805,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                                       mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                       PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -957,9 +957,9 @@
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
         backgroundLayer->setColor(mBackgroundColor);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                                       mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                       PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN, mWriter);
@@ -1195,9 +1195,9 @@
         IComposerClient::Rect blueRect = {mSideLength / 2, mSideLength / 2, mSideLength,
                                           mSideLength};
 
-        mLayer =
-            std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                              mSideLength, mSideLength, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                   mPrimaryDisplay, mSideLength, mSideLength,
+                                                   PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mSideLength, mSideLength});
         mLayer->setZOrder(10);
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl
index 634f39e..eb3d0b0 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@
 package android.hardware.neuralnetworks;
 @VintfStability
 interface IBurst {
-  android.hardware.neuralnetworks.ExecutionResult executeSynchronously(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Request request, in long[] memoryIdentifierTokens, in boolean measureTiming, in long deadline, in long loopTimeoutDuration);
+  android.hardware.neuralnetworks.ExecutionResult executeSynchronously(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Request request, in long[] memoryIdentifierTokens, in boolean measureTiming, in long deadlineNs, in long loopTimeoutDurationNs);
   void releaseMemoryResource(in long memoryIdentifierToken);
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl
index b328b29..c9c67f2 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
   boolean[] getSupportedOperations(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Model model);
   android.hardware.neuralnetworks.DeviceType getType();
   String getVersionString();
-  void prepareModel(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Model model, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.ExecutionPreference preference, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Priority priority, in long deadline, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] dataCache, in byte[] token, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.IPreparedModelCallback callback);
-  void prepareModelFromCache(in long deadline, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] dataCache, in byte[] token, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.IPreparedModelCallback callback);
+  void prepareModel(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Model model, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.ExecutionPreference preference, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Priority priority, in long deadlineNs, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] dataCache, in byte[] token, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.IPreparedModelCallback callback);
+  void prepareModelFromCache(in long deadlineNs, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] dataCache, in byte[] token, in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.IPreparedModelCallback callback);
   const int BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN = 32;
   const int MAX_NUMBER_OF_CACHE_FILES = 32;
   const int EXTENSION_TYPE_HIGH_BITS_PREFIX = 15;
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl
index 52882cd..fccb5dc 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 package android.hardware.neuralnetworks;
 @VintfStability
 interface IPreparedModel {
-  android.hardware.neuralnetworks.ExecutionResult executeSynchronously(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Request request, in boolean measureTiming, in long deadline, in long loopTimeoutDuration);
-  android.hardware.neuralnetworks.FencedExecutionResult executeFenced(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Request request, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] waitFor, in boolean measureTiming, in long deadline, in long loopTimeoutDuration, in long duration);
+  android.hardware.neuralnetworks.ExecutionResult executeSynchronously(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Request request, in boolean measureTiming, in long deadlineNs, in long loopTimeoutDurationNs);
+  android.hardware.neuralnetworks.FencedExecutionResult executeFenced(in android.hardware.neuralnetworks.Request request, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] waitFor, in boolean measureTiming, in long deadlineNs, in long loopTimeoutDurationNs, in long durationNs);
   android.hardware.neuralnetworks.IBurst configureExecutionBurst();
   const long DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS = 2000000000;
   const long MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS = 15000000000;
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl
index 9690e01..bcc83cf 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.neuralnetworks/current/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@
 package android.hardware.neuralnetworks;
 @VintfStability
 parcelable Timing {
-  long timeOnDevice;
-  long timeInDriver;
+  long timeOnDeviceNs;
+  long timeInDriverNs;
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl
index 85d2a03..decdc48 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IBurst.aidl
@@ -77,18 +77,18 @@
      * @param measure Specifies whether or not to measure duration of the execution. The duration
      *                runs from the time the driver sees the call to the executeSynchronously
      *                function to the time the driver returns from the function.
-     * @param deadline The time by which the execution is expected to complete. The time is measured
-     *                 in nanoseconds since epoch of the steady clock (as from
-     *                 std::chrono::steady_clock). If the execution cannot be finished by the
-     *                 deadline, the execution may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline is
-     *                 omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
-     * @param loopTimeoutDuration The maximum amount of time in nanoseconds that should be spent
-     *                            executing a {@link OperationType::WHILE} operation. If a loop
-     *                            condition model does not output false within this duration, the
-     *                            execution must be aborted. If -1 is provided, the maximum amount
-     *                            of time is {@link DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}. Other
-     *                            negative values are invalid. When provided, the duration must not
-     *                            exceed {@link MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}.
+     * @param deadlineNs The time by which the execution is expected to complete. The time is
+     *                   measured in nanoseconds since epoch of the steady clock (as from
+     *                   std::chrono::steady_clock). If the execution cannot be finished by the
+     *                   deadline, the execution may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline is
+     *                   omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
+     * @param loopTimeoutDurationNs The maximum amount of time in nanoseconds that should be spent
+     *                              executing a {@link OperationType::WHILE} operation. If a loop
+     *                              condition model does not output false within this duration, the
+     *                              execution must be aborted. If -1 is provided, the maximum amount
+     *                              of time is {@link DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}. Other
+     *                              negative values are invalid. When provided, the duration must
+     *                              not exceed {@link MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}.
      * @return ExecutionResult parcelable, containing the status of the execution, output shapes and
      *     timing information.
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following ErrorStatus values:
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
      *     - RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_* if the task was aborted by the driver
      */
     ExecutionResult executeSynchronously(in Request request, in long[] memoryIdentifierTokens,
-            in boolean measureTiming, in long deadline, in long loopTimeoutDuration);
+            in boolean measureTiming, in long deadlineNs, in long loopTimeoutDurationNs);
 
     /**
      * releaseMemoryResource is used by the client to signal to the service that a memory buffer
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl
index c5b4ab1..72e2623 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IDevice.aidl
@@ -306,11 +306,11 @@
      * @param preference Indicates the intended execution behavior of a prepared model.
      * @param priority The priority of the prepared model relative to other prepared models owned by
      *                 the client.
-     * @param deadline The time by which the model is expected to be prepared. The time is measured
-     *                 in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts)
-     *                 or ::android::base::boot_clock). If the model cannot be prepared by the
-     *                 deadline, the preparation may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline is
-     *                 omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
+     * @param deadlineNs The time by which the model is expected to be prepared. The time is
+     *                   measured in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
+     *                   &ts) or ::android::base::boot_clock). If the model cannot be prepared by
+     *                   the deadline, the preparation may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline
+     *                   is omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
      * @param modelCache A vector of file descriptors for the security-sensitive cache. The length
      *                   of the vector must either be 0 indicating that caching information is not
      *                   provided, or match the numModelCache returned from
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
      *     - RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_* if the task was aborted by the driver
      */
     void prepareModel(in Model model, in ExecutionPreference preference, in Priority priority,
-            in long deadline, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache,
+            in long deadlineNs, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache,
             in ParcelFileDescriptor[] dataCache, in byte[] token,
             in IPreparedModelCallback callback);
 
@@ -395,11 +395,11 @@
      * with a set of inputs to the model. Note that the same prepared model object may be used with
      * different shapes of inputs on different (possibly concurrent) executions.
      *
-     * @param deadline The time by which the model is expected to be prepared. The time is measured
-     *                 in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) or
-     *                 ::android::base::boot_clock). If the model cannot be prepared by the
-     *                 deadline, the preparation may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline is
-     *                 omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
+     * @param deadlineNs The time by which the model is expected to be prepared. The time is
+     *                   measured in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
+     *                   &ts) or ::android::base::boot_clock). If the model cannot be prepared by
+     *                   the deadline, the preparation may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline
+     *                   is omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
      * @param modelCache A vector of file descriptors for the security-sensitive cache. The length
      *                   of the vector must match the numModelCache returned from
      *                   getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded. The cache file descriptors will be provided in
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
      *       the deadline
      *     - RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_* if the task was aborted by the driver
      */
-    void prepareModelFromCache(in long deadline, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache,
+    void prepareModelFromCache(in long deadlineNs, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] modelCache,
             in ParcelFileDescriptor[] dataCache, in byte[] token,
             in IPreparedModelCallback callback);
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl
index bfab906..956b626 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/IPreparedModel.aidl
@@ -72,18 +72,18 @@
      * @param measure Specifies whether or not to measure duration of the execution. The duration
      *                runs from the time the driver sees the call to the executeSynchronously
      *                function to the time the driver returns from the function.
-     * @param deadline The time by which the execution is expected to complete. The time is measured
-     *                 in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) or
-     *                 ::android::base::boot_clock). If the execution cannot be finished by the
-     *                 deadline, the execution may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline is
-     *                 omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
-     * @param loopTimeoutDuration The maximum amount of time in nanoseconds that should be spent
-     *                            executing a {@link OperationType::WHILE} operation. If a loop
-     *                            condition model does not output false within this duration, the
-     *                            execution must be aborted. If -1 is provided, the maximum amount
-     *                            of time is {@link DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}. Other
-     *                            negative values are invalid. When provided, the duration must not
-     *                            exceed {@link MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}.
+     * @param deadlineNs The time by which the execution is expected to complete. The time is
+     *                   measured in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
+     *                   &ts) or ::android::base::boot_clock). If the execution cannot be finished
+     *                   by the deadline, the execution may be aborted. Passing -1 means the
+     *                   deadline is omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
+     * @param loopTimeoutDurationNs The maximum amount of time in nanoseconds that should be spent
+     *                              executing a {@link OperationType::WHILE} operation. If a loop
+     *                              condition model does not output false within this duration, the
+     *                              execution must be aborted. If -1 is provided, the maximum amount
+     *                              of time is {@link DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}. Other
+     *                              negative values are invalid. When provided, the duration must
+     *                              not exceed {@link MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}.
      * @return ExecutionResult parcelable, containing the status of the execution, output shapes and
      *     timing information.
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following ErrorStatus values:
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
      *     - RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_* if the task was aborted by the driver
      */
     ExecutionResult executeSynchronously(in Request request, in boolean measureTiming,
-            in long deadline, in long loopTimeoutDuration);
+            in long deadlineNs, in long loopTimeoutDurationNs);
 
     /**
      * Launch a fenced asynchronous execution on a prepared model.
@@ -137,22 +137,23 @@
      * @param waitFor A vector of sync fence file descriptors. Execution must not start until all
      *                sync fences have been signaled.
      * @param measure Specifies whether or not to measure duration of the execution.
-     * @param deadline The time by which the execution is expected to complete. The time is measured
-     *                 in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) or
-     *                 ::android::base::boot_clock). If the execution cannot be finished by the
-     *                 deadline, the execution may be aborted. Passing -1 means the deadline is
-     *                 omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
-     * @param loopTimeoutDuration The maximum amount of time in nanoseconds that should be spent
-     *                            executing a {@link OperationType::WHILE} operation. If a loop
-     *                            condition model does not output false within this duration, the
-     *                            execution must be aborted. If -1 is provided, the maximum amount
-     *                            of time is {@link DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}. Other
-     *                            negative values are invalid. When provided, the duration must not
-     *                            exceed {@link MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}.
-     * @param duration The length of time in nanoseconds within which the execution is expected to
-     *                 complete after all sync fences in waitFor are signaled. If the execution
-     *                 cannot be finished within the duration, the execution may be aborted. Passing
-     *                 -1 means the duration is omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
+     * @param deadlineNs The time by which the execution is expected to complete. The time is
+     *                   measured in nanoseconds since boot (as from clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
+     *                   &ts) or ::android::base::boot_clock). If the execution cannot be finished
+     *                   by the deadline, the execution may be aborted. Passing -1 means the
+     *                   deadline is omitted. Other negative values are invalid.
+     * @param loopTimeoutDurationNs The maximum amount of time in nanoseconds that should be spent
+     *                              executing a {@link OperationType::WHILE} operation. If a loop
+     *                              condition model does not output false within this duration, the
+     *                              execution must be aborted. If -1 is provided, the maximum amount
+     *                              of time is {@link DEFAULT_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}. Other
+     *                              negative values are invalid. When provided, the duration must
+     *                              not exceed {@link MAXIMUM_LOOP_TIMEOUT_DURATION_NS}.
+     * @param durationNs The length of time in nanoseconds within which the execution is expected to
+     *                   complete after all sync fences in waitFor are signaled. If the execution
+     *                   cannot be finished within the duration, the execution may be aborted.
+     *                   Passing -1 means the duration is omitted. Other negative values are
+     *                   invalid.
      * @return The FencedExecutionResult parcelable, containing IFencedExecutionCallback and the
      *         sync fence.
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following ErrorStatus values:
@@ -165,8 +166,8 @@
      *     - RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_* if the task was aborted by the driver
      */
     FencedExecutionResult executeFenced(in Request request, in ParcelFileDescriptor[] waitFor,
-            in boolean measureTiming, in long deadline, in long loopTimeoutDuration,
-            in long duration);
+            in boolean measureTiming, in long deadlineNs, in long loopTimeoutDurationNs,
+            in long durationNs);
 
     /**
      * Configure a Burst object used to execute multiple inferences on a prepared model in rapid
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl
index 8130e08..5225096 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/android/hardware/neuralnetworks/Timing.aidl
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
     /**
      * Execution time on device (not driver, which runs on host processor).
      */
-    long timeOnDevice;
+    long timeOnDeviceNs;
     /**
      * Execution time in driver (including time on device).
      */
-    long timeInDriver;
+    long timeInDriverNs;
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/src/Conversions.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/src/Conversions.cpp
index 93ac51c..4b263ee 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/src/Conversions.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/src/Conversions.cpp
@@ -410,11 +410,11 @@
 }
 
 GeneralResult<Timing> unvalidatedConvert(const aidl_hal::Timing& timing) {
-    if (timing.timeInDriver < -1) {
-        return NN_ERROR() << "Timing: timeInDriver must not be less than -1";
+    if (timing.timeInDriverNs < -1) {
+        return NN_ERROR() << "Timing: timeInDriverNs must not be less than -1";
     }
-    if (timing.timeOnDevice < -1) {
-        return NN_ERROR() << "Timing: timeOnDevice must not be less than -1";
+    if (timing.timeOnDeviceNs < -1) {
+        return NN_ERROR() << "Timing: timeOnDeviceNs must not be less than -1";
     }
     constexpr auto convertTiming = [](int64_t halTiming) -> OptionalDuration {
         if (halTiming == kNoTiming) {
@@ -422,8 +422,8 @@
         }
         return nn::Duration(static_cast<uint64_t>(halTiming));
     };
-    return Timing{.timeOnDevice = convertTiming(timing.timeOnDevice),
-                  .timeInDriver = convertTiming(timing.timeInDriver)};
+    return Timing{.timeOnDevice = convertTiming(timing.timeOnDeviceNs),
+                  .timeInDriver = convertTiming(timing.timeInDriverNs)};
 }
 
 GeneralResult<Model::OperandValues> unvalidatedConvert(const std::vector<uint8_t>& operandValues) {
@@ -964,8 +964,8 @@
 
 nn::GeneralResult<Timing> unvalidatedConvert(const nn::Timing& timing) {
     return Timing{
-            .timeOnDevice = NN_TRY(unvalidatedConvert(timing.timeOnDevice)),
-            .timeInDriver = NN_TRY(unvalidatedConvert(timing.timeInDriver)),
+            .timeOnDeviceNs = NN_TRY(unvalidatedConvert(timing.timeOnDevice)),
+            .timeInDriverNs = NN_TRY(unvalidatedConvert(timing.timeInDriver)),
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/test/PreparedModelTest.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/test/PreparedModelTest.cpp
index 630a460..ff98a7d 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/test/PreparedModelTest.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/utils/test/PreparedModelTest.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 using ::testing::SetArgPointee;
 
 const std::shared_ptr<IPreparedModel> kInvalidPreparedModel;
-constexpr auto kNoTiming = Timing{.timeOnDevice = -1, .timeInDriver = -1};
+constexpr auto kNoTiming = Timing{.timeOnDeviceNs = -1, .timeInDriverNs = -1};
 
 constexpr auto makeStatusOk = [] { return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok(); };
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
index 1440429..d3b041d 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
         makeOutputInsufficientSize(kInsufficientOutputIndex, &request);
     }
 
-    int64_t loopTimeoutDuration = kOmittedTimeoutDuration;
+    int64_t loopTimeoutDurationNs = kOmittedTimeoutDuration;
     // OutputType::MISSED_DEADLINE is only used by
     // TestKind::INTINITE_LOOP_TIMEOUT tests to verify that an infinite loop is
     // aborted after a timeout.
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
         // Override the default loop timeout duration with a small value to
         // speed up test execution.
         constexpr int64_t kMillisecond = 1'000'000;
-        loopTimeoutDuration = 1 * kMillisecond;
+        loopTimeoutDurationNs = 1 * kMillisecond;
     }
 
     ErrorStatus executionStatus;
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
             ExecutionResult executionResult;
             // execute
             const auto ret = preparedModel->executeSynchronously(request, testConfig.measureTiming,
-                                                                 kNoDeadline, loopTimeoutDuration,
+                                                                 kNoDeadline, loopTimeoutDurationNs,
                                                                  &executionResult);
             ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk() || ret.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
                     << ret.getDescription();
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
             ExecutionResult executionResult;
             // execute
             ret = burst->executeSynchronously(request, slots, testConfig.measureTiming, kNoDeadline,
-                                              loopTimeoutDuration, &executionResult);
+                                              loopTimeoutDurationNs, &executionResult);
             ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk() || ret.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
                     << ret.getDescription();
             if (ret.isOk()) {
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
             ErrorStatus result = ErrorStatus::NONE;
             FencedExecutionResult executionResult;
             auto ret = preparedModel->executeFenced(request, {}, testConfig.measureTiming,
-                                                    kNoDeadline, loopTimeoutDuration, kNoDuration,
+                                                    kNoDeadline, loopTimeoutDurationNs, kNoDuration,
                                                     &executionResult);
             ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk() || ret.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
                     << ret.getDescription();
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@
                 waitFor.emplace_back(dupFd);
                 // If a sync fence is returned, try start another run waiting for the sync fence.
                 ret = preparedModel->executeFenced(request, waitFor, testConfig.measureTiming,
-                                                   kNoDeadline, loopTimeoutDuration, kNoDuration,
+                                                   kNoDeadline, loopTimeoutDurationNs, kNoDuration,
                                                    &executionResult);
                 ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
                 waitForSyncFence(executionResult.syncFence.get());
@@ -686,8 +686,8 @@
     if (!testConfig.measureTiming) {
         EXPECT_EQ(timing, kNoTiming);
     } else {
-        if (timing.timeOnDevice != -1 && timing.timeInDriver != -1) {
-            EXPECT_LE(timing.timeOnDevice, timing.timeInDriver);
+        if (timing.timeOnDeviceNs != -1 && timing.timeInDriverNs != -1) {
+            EXPECT_LE(timing.timeOnDeviceNs, timing.timeInDriverNs);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/QualityOfServiceTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/QualityOfServiceTests.cpp
index e803e38..bbba887 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/QualityOfServiceTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/QualityOfServiceTests.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 using ExecutionFunction =
         std::function<MaybeResults(const std::shared_ptr<IPreparedModel>& preparedModel,
-                                   const Request& request, int64_t deadline)>;
+                                   const Request& request, int64_t deadlineNs)>;
 
 static int64_t makeDeadline(DeadlineBoundType deadlineBoundType) {
     const auto getNanosecondsSinceEpoch = [](const auto& time) -> int64_t {
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@
 
 void runPrepareModelTest(const std::shared_ptr<IDevice>& device, const Model& model,
                          Priority priority, std::optional<DeadlineBoundType> deadlineBound) {
-    int64_t deadline = kNoDeadline;
+    int64_t deadlineNs = kNoDeadline;
     if (deadlineBound.has_value()) {
-        deadline = makeDeadline(deadlineBound.value());
+        deadlineNs = makeDeadline(deadlineBound.value());
     }
 
     // see if service can handle model
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@
     const std::shared_ptr<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback =
             ndk::SharedRefBase::make<PreparedModelCallback>();
     const auto prepareLaunchStatus =
-            device->prepareModel(model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, priority, deadline,
-                                 {}, {}, kEmptyCacheToken, preparedModelCallback);
+            device->prepareModel(model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, priority,
+                                 deadlineNs, {}, {}, kEmptyCacheToken, preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk())
             << "prepareLaunchStatus: " << prepareLaunchStatus.getDescription();
 
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
 }
 
 static MaybeResults executeSynchronously(const std::shared_ptr<IPreparedModel>& preparedModel,
-                                         const Request& request, int64_t deadline) {
+                                         const Request& request, int64_t deadlineNs) {
     SCOPED_TRACE("synchronous");
     const bool measure = false;
 
     // run execution
     ExecutionResult executionResult;
-    const auto ret = preparedModel->executeSynchronously(request, measure, deadline,
+    const auto ret = preparedModel->executeSynchronously(request, measure, deadlineNs,
                                                          kOmittedTimeoutDuration, &executionResult);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk() || ret.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
             << ret.getDescription();
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
 }
 
 static MaybeResults executeBurst(const std::shared_ptr<IPreparedModel>& preparedModel,
-                                 const Request& request, int64_t deadline) {
+                                 const Request& request, int64_t deadlineNs) {
     SCOPED_TRACE("burst");
     const bool measure = false;
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 
     // run execution
     ExecutionResult executionResult;
-    ret = burst->executeSynchronously(request, slots, measure, deadline, kOmittedTimeoutDuration,
+    ret = burst->executeSynchronously(request, slots, measure, deadlineNs, kOmittedTimeoutDuration,
                                       &executionResult);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk() || ret.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
             << ret.getDescription();
@@ -224,10 +224,10 @@
                       const ExecutionContext& context, bool synchronous,
                       DeadlineBoundType deadlineBound) {
     const ExecutionFunction execute = synchronous ? executeSynchronously : executeBurst;
-    const auto deadline = makeDeadline(deadlineBound);
+    const auto deadlineNs = makeDeadline(deadlineBound);
 
     // Perform execution and unpack results.
-    const auto results = execute(preparedModel, request, deadline);
+    const auto results = execute(preparedModel, request, deadlineNs);
     if (!results.has_value()) return;
     const auto& [status, outputShapes, timing] = results.value();
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h
index 266301c..77085a7 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 
 inline constexpr Priority kDefaultPriority = Priority::MEDIUM;
 
-inline constexpr Timing kNoTiming = {.timeOnDevice = -1, .timeInDriver = -1};
+inline constexpr Timing kNoTiming = {.timeOnDeviceNs = -1, .timeInDriverNs = -1};
 inline constexpr int64_t kNoDeadline = -1;
 inline constexpr int64_t kOmittedTimeoutDuration = -1;
 inline constexpr int64_t kNoDuration = -1;