diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h
index 9c29816..0439ac6 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@
         std::shared_ptr<PendingRequestPool> mPendingRequestPool;
     };
 
-    // A wrapper for binder operations to enable stubbing for test.
-    class IBinder {
+    // A wrapper for binder lifecycle operations to enable stubbing for test.
+    class BinderLifecycleInterface {
       public:
-        virtual ~IBinder() = default;
+        virtual ~BinderLifecycleInterface() = default;
 
         virtual binder_status_t linkToDeath(AIBinder* binder, AIBinder_DeathRecipient* recipient,
                                             void* cookie) = 0;
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@
         virtual bool isAlive(const AIBinder* binder) = 0;
     };
 
-    // A real implementation for IBinder.
-    class AIBinderImpl final : public IBinder {
+    // A real implementation for BinderLifecycleInterface.
+    class BinderLifecycleHandler final : public BinderLifecycleInterface {
       public:
         binder_status_t linkToDeath(AIBinder* binder, AIBinder_DeathRecipient* recipient,
                                     void* cookie) override;
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
     // BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent represents either an onBinderDied or an onBinderUnlinked event.
     struct BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent {
         // true for onBinderDied, false for onBinderUnlinked.
-        bool onBinderDied;
+        bool forOnBinderDied;
         const AIBinder* clientId;
     };
 
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@
             GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     // SubscriptionClients is thread-safe.
     std::shared_ptr<SubscriptionClients> mSubscriptionClients;
-    // mBinderImpl is only going to be changed in test.
-    std::unique_ptr<IBinder> mBinderImpl;
+    // mBinderLifecycleHandler is only going to be changed in test.
+    std::unique_ptr<BinderLifecycleInterface> mBinderLifecycleHandler;
 
     // Only initialized once.
     std::shared_ptr<std::function<void()>> mRecurrentAction;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
     void setTimeout(int64_t timeoutInNano);
 
     // Test-only
-    void setBinderImpl(std::unique_ptr<IBinder> impl);
+    void setBinderLifecycleHandler(std::unique_ptr<BinderLifecycleInterface> impl);
 };
 
 }  // namespace vehicle
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/SubscriptionManager.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/SubscriptionManager.h
index 7c8f1b4..14799d9 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/SubscriptionManager.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/SubscriptionManager.h
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@
   public:
     using ClientIdType = const AIBinder*;
 
-    void addClient(const ClientIdType& clientId, float sampleRate);
+    void addClient(const ClientIdType& clientId, float sampleRateHz);
     void removeClient(const ClientIdType& clientId);
-    float getMaxSampleRate();
+    float getMaxSampleRateHz() const;
 
   private:
-    float mMaxSampleRate = 0.;
-    std::unordered_map<ClientIdType, float> mSampleRates;
+    float mMaxSampleRateHz = 0.;
+    std::unordered_map<ClientIdType, float> mSampleRateHzByClient;
 
-    void refreshMaxSampleRate();
+    void refreshMaxSampleRateHz();
 };
 
 // A thread-safe subscription manager that manages all VHAL subscriptions.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     using CallbackType =
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::IVehicleCallback>;
 
-    explicit SubscriptionManager(IVehicleHardware* hardware);
+    explicit SubscriptionManager(IVehicleHardware* vehicleHardware);
     ~SubscriptionManager();
 
     // Subscribes to properties according to {@code SubscribeOptions}. Note that all option must
@@ -99,13 +99,8 @@
             const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>&
                     updatedValues);
 
-    // Gets the sample rate for the continuous property. Returns {@code std::nullopt} if the
-    // property has not been subscribed before or is not a continuous property.
-    std::optional<float> getSampleRate(const ClientIdType& clientId, int32_t propId,
-                                       int32_t areaId);
-
     // Checks whether the sample rate is valid.
-    static bool checkSampleRate(float sampleRate);
+    static bool checkSampleRateHz(float sampleRateHz);
 
   private:
     // Friend class for testing.
@@ -122,17 +117,21 @@
     std::unordered_map<PropIdAreaId, ContSubConfigs, PropIdAreaIdHash> mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea
             GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    VhalResult<void> updateSampleRateLocked(const ClientIdType& clientId,
-                                            const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId, float sampleRate)
+    VhalResult<void> addContinuousSubscriberLocked(const ClientIdType& clientId,
+                                                   const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId,
+                                                   float sampleRateHz) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    VhalResult<void> removeContinuousSubscriberLocked(const ClientIdType& clientId,
+                                                      const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    VhalResult<void> removeSampleRateLocked(const ClientIdType& clientId,
-                                            const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId) REQUIRES(mLock);
+
+    VhalResult<void> updateContSubConfigs(const PropIdAreaId& PropIdAreaId,
+                                          const ContSubConfigs& newConfig) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Checks whether the manager is empty. For testing purpose.
     bool isEmpty();
 
     // Get the interval in nanoseconds accroding to sample rate.
-    static android::base::Result<int64_t> getInterval(float sampleRate);
+    static android::base::Result<int64_t> getIntervalNanos(float sampleRateHz);
 };
 
 }  // namespace vehicle
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
index 138aad5..d447bf8 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@
     return str;
 }
 
-float getDefaultSampleRate(float sampleRate, float minSampleRate, float maxSampleRate) {
-    if (sampleRate < minSampleRate) {
-        return minSampleRate;
+float getDefaultSampleRateHz(float sampleRateHz, float minSampleRateHz, float maxSampleRateHz) {
+    if (sampleRateHz < minSampleRateHz) {
+        return minSampleRateHz;
     }
-    if (sampleRate > maxSampleRate) {
-        return maxSampleRate;
+    if (sampleRateHz > maxSampleRateHz) {
+        return maxSampleRateHz;
     }
-    return sampleRate;
+    return sampleRateHz;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@
     return mClients.size();
 }
 
-DefaultVehicleHal::DefaultVehicleHal(std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware> hardware)
-    : mVehicleHardware(std::move(hardware)),
+DefaultVehicleHal::DefaultVehicleHal(std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware> vehicleHardware)
+    : mVehicleHardware(std::move(vehicleHardware)),
       mPendingRequestPool(std::make_shared<PendingRequestPool>(TIMEOUT_IN_NANO)) {
     auto configs = mVehicleHardware->getAllPropertyConfigs();
     for (auto& config : configs) {
@@ -144,11 +144,10 @@
     }
 
     mSubscriptionClients = std::make_shared<SubscriptionClients>(mPendingRequestPool);
-    mSubscriptionClients = std::make_shared<SubscriptionClients>(mPendingRequestPool);
 
     auto subscribeIdByClient = std::make_shared<SubscribeIdByClient>();
-    IVehicleHardware* hardwarePtr = mVehicleHardware.get();
-    mSubscriptionManager = std::make_shared<SubscriptionManager>(hardwarePtr);
+    IVehicleHardware* vehicleHardwarePtr = mVehicleHardware.get();
+    mSubscriptionManager = std::make_shared<SubscriptionManager>(vehicleHardwarePtr);
 
     std::weak_ptr<SubscriptionManager> subscriptionManagerCopy = mSubscriptionManager;
     mVehicleHardware->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
@@ -158,13 +157,13 @@
                     }));
 
     // Register heartbeat event.
-    mRecurrentAction =
-            std::make_shared<std::function<void()>>([hardwarePtr, subscriptionManagerCopy]() {
-                checkHealth(hardwarePtr, subscriptionManagerCopy);
+    mRecurrentAction = std::make_shared<std::function<void()>>(
+            [vehicleHardwarePtr, subscriptionManagerCopy]() {
+                checkHealth(vehicleHardwarePtr, subscriptionManagerCopy);
             });
     mRecurrentTimer.registerTimerCallback(HEART_BEAT_INTERVAL_IN_NANO, mRecurrentAction);
 
-    mBinderImpl = std::make_unique<AIBinderImpl>();
+    mBinderLifecycleHandler = std::make_unique<BinderLifecycleHandler>();
     mOnBinderDiedUnlinkedHandlerThread = std::thread([this] { onBinderDiedUnlinkedHandler(); });
     mDeathRecipient = ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient(
             AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(&DefaultVehicleHal::onBinderDied));
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@
 bool DefaultVehicleHal::monitorBinderLifeCycleLocked(const AIBinder* clientId) {
     OnBinderDiedContext* contextPtr = nullptr;
     if (mOnBinderDiedContexts.find(clientId) != mOnBinderDiedContexts.end()) {
-        return mBinderImpl->isAlive(clientId);
+        return mBinderLifecycleHandler->isAlive(clientId);
     } else {
         std::unique_ptr<OnBinderDiedContext> context = std::make_unique<OnBinderDiedContext>(
                 OnBinderDiedContext{.vhal = this, .clientId = clientId});
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@
     }
 
     // If this function fails, onBinderUnlinked would be called to remove the added context.
-    binder_status_t status = mBinderImpl->linkToDeath(
+    binder_status_t status = mBinderLifecycleHandler->linkToDeath(
             const_cast<AIBinder*>(clientId), mDeathRecipient.get(), static_cast<void*>(contextPtr));
     if (status == STATUS_OK) {
         return true;
@@ -246,7 +245,8 @@
     OnBinderDiedContext* context = reinterpret_cast<OnBinderDiedContext*>(cookie);
     // To be handled in mOnBinderDiedUnlinkedHandlerThread. We cannot handle the event in the same
     // thread because we might be holding the mLock the handler requires.
-    context->vhal->mBinderEvents.push(BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent{true, context->clientId});
+    context->vhal->mBinderEvents.push(
+            BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent{/*forOnBinderDied=*/true, context->clientId});
 }
 
 void DefaultVehicleHal::onBinderDiedWithContext(const AIBinder* clientId) {
@@ -262,7 +262,8 @@
     OnBinderDiedContext* context = reinterpret_cast<OnBinderDiedContext*>(cookie);
     // To be handled in mOnBinderDiedUnlinkedHandlerThread. We cannot handle the event in the same
     // thread because we might be holding the mLock the handler requires.
-    context->vhal->mBinderEvents.push(BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent{false, context->clientId});
+    context->vhal->mBinderEvents.push(
+            BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent{/*forOnBinderDied=*/false, context->clientId});
 }
 
 void DefaultVehicleHal::onBinderUnlinkedWithContext(const AIBinder* clientId) {
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@
 void DefaultVehicleHal::onBinderDiedUnlinkedHandler() {
     while (mBinderEvents.waitForItems()) {
         for (BinderDiedUnlinkedEvent& event : mBinderEvents.flush()) {
-            if (event.onBinderDied) {
+            if (event.forOnBinderDied) {
                 onBinderDiedWithContext(event.clientId);
             } else {
                 onBinderUnlinkedWithContext(event.clientId);
@@ -349,15 +350,15 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus DefaultVehicleHal::getValues(const CallbackType& callback,
                                            const GetValueRequests& requests) {
+    if (callback == nullptr) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
+    }
     expected<LargeParcelableBase::BorrowedOwnedObject<GetValueRequests>, ScopedAStatus>
             deserializedResults = fromStableLargeParcelable(requests);
     if (!deserializedResults.ok()) {
         ALOGE("getValues: failed to parse getValues requests");
         return std::move(deserializedResults.error());
     }
-    if (callback == nullptr) {
-        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
-    }
     const std::vector<GetValueRequest>& getValueRequests =
             deserializedResults.value().getObject()->payloads;
 
@@ -435,15 +436,15 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus DefaultVehicleHal::setValues(const CallbackType& callback,
                                            const SetValueRequests& requests) {
+    if (callback == nullptr) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
+    }
     expected<LargeParcelableBase::BorrowedOwnedObject<SetValueRequests>, ScopedAStatus>
             deserializedResults = fromStableLargeParcelable(requests);
     if (!deserializedResults.ok()) {
         ALOGE("setValues: failed to parse setValues requests");
         return std::move(deserializedResults.error());
     }
-    if (callback == nullptr) {
-        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
-    }
     const std::vector<SetValueRequest>& setValueRequests =
             deserializedResults.value().getObject()->payloads;
 
@@ -595,18 +596,20 @@
         }
 
         if (config.changeMode == VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS) {
-            float sampleRate = option.sampleRate;
-            float minSampleRate = config.minSampleRate;
-            float maxSampleRate = config.maxSampleRate;
-            if (sampleRate < minSampleRate || sampleRate > maxSampleRate) {
-                float defaultRate = getDefaultSampleRate(sampleRate, minSampleRate, maxSampleRate);
-                ALOGW("sample rate: %f out of range, must be within %f and %f, set to %f",
-                      sampleRate, minSampleRate, maxSampleRate, defaultRate);
-                sampleRate = defaultRate;
+            float sampleRateHz = option.sampleRate;
+            float minSampleRateHz = config.minSampleRate;
+            float maxSampleRateHz = config.maxSampleRate;
+            float defaultRateHz =
+                    getDefaultSampleRateHz(sampleRateHz, minSampleRateHz, maxSampleRateHz);
+            if (sampleRateHz != defaultRateHz) {
+                ALOGW("sample rate: %f HZ out of range, must be within %f HZ and %f HZ , set to %f "
+                      "HZ",
+                      sampleRateHz, minSampleRateHz, maxSampleRateHz, defaultRateHz);
+                sampleRateHz = defaultRateHz;
             }
-            if (!SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRate(sampleRate)) {
+            if (!SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRateHz(sampleRateHz)) {
                 return StatusError(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG)
-                       << "invalid sample rate: " << sampleRate;
+                       << "invalid sample rate: " << sampleRateHz << " HZ";
             }
         }
 
@@ -631,13 +634,13 @@
                                            const std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& options,
                                            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t maxSharedMemoryFileCount) {
     // TODO(b/205189110): Use shared memory file count.
+    if (callback == nullptr) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
+    }
     if (auto result = checkSubscribeOptions(options); !result.ok()) {
         ALOGE("subscribe: invalid subscribe options: %s", getErrorMsg(result).c_str());
         return toScopedAStatus(result);
     }
-    if (callback == nullptr) {
-        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
-    }
     std::vector<SubscribeOptions> onChangeSubscriptions;
     std::vector<SubscribeOptions> continuousSubscriptions;
     for (const auto& option : options) {
@@ -658,7 +661,7 @@
         }
 
         if (config.changeMode == VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS) {
-            optionCopy.sampleRate = getDefaultSampleRate(
+            optionCopy.sampleRate = getDefaultSampleRateHz(
                     optionCopy.sampleRate, config.minSampleRate, config.maxSampleRate);
             continuousSubscriptions.push_back(std::move(optionCopy));
         } else {
@@ -740,9 +743,9 @@
     return {};
 }
 
-void DefaultVehicleHal::checkHealth(IVehicleHardware* hardware,
+void DefaultVehicleHal::checkHealth(IVehicleHardware* vehicleHardware,
                                     std::weak_ptr<SubscriptionManager> subscriptionManager) {
-    StatusCode status = hardware->checkHealth();
+    StatusCode status = vehicleHardware->checkHealth();
     if (status != StatusCode::OK) {
         ALOGE("VHAL check health returns non-okay status");
         return;
@@ -757,18 +760,18 @@
     return;
 }
 
-binder_status_t DefaultVehicleHal::AIBinderImpl::linkToDeath(AIBinder* binder,
-                                                             AIBinder_DeathRecipient* recipient,
-                                                             void* cookie) {
+binder_status_t DefaultVehicleHal::BinderLifecycleHandler::linkToDeath(
+        AIBinder* binder, AIBinder_DeathRecipient* recipient, void* cookie) {
     return AIBinder_linkToDeath(binder, recipient, cookie);
 }
 
-bool DefaultVehicleHal::AIBinderImpl::isAlive(const AIBinder* binder) {
+bool DefaultVehicleHal::BinderLifecycleHandler::isAlive(const AIBinder* binder) {
     return AIBinder_isAlive(binder);
 }
 
-void DefaultVehicleHal::setBinderImpl(std::unique_ptr<IBinder> impl) {
-    mBinderImpl = std::move(impl);
+void DefaultVehicleHal::setBinderLifecycleHandler(
+        std::unique_ptr<BinderLifecycleInterface> handler) {
+    mBinderLifecycleHandler = std::move(handler);
 }
 
 bool DefaultVehicleHal::checkDumpPermission() {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/SubscriptionManager.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/SubscriptionManager.cpp
index 2694401..bba730f 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/SubscriptionManager.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/SubscriptionManager.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
 using ::android::base::StringPrintf;
 using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
 
-SubscriptionManager::SubscriptionManager(IVehicleHardware* hardware) : mVehicleHardware(hardware) {}
+SubscriptionManager::SubscriptionManager(IVehicleHardware* vehicleHardware)
+    : mVehicleHardware(vehicleHardware) {}
 
 SubscriptionManager::~SubscriptionManager() {
     std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
@@ -51,94 +52,82 @@
     mSubscribedPropsByClient.clear();
 }
 
-bool SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRate(float sampleRate) {
-    return getInterval(sampleRate).ok();
+bool SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRateHz(float sampleRateHz) {
+    return getIntervalNanos(sampleRateHz).ok();
 }
 
-Result<int64_t> SubscriptionManager::getInterval(float sampleRate) {
-    int64_t interval = 0;
-    if (sampleRate <= 0) {
+Result<int64_t> SubscriptionManager::getIntervalNanos(float sampleRateHz) {
+    int64_t intervalNanos = 0;
+    if (sampleRateHz <= 0) {
         return Error() << "invalid sample rate, must be a positive number";
     }
-    if (sampleRate <= (ONE_SECOND_IN_NANO / static_cast<float>(INT64_MAX))) {
-        return Error() << "invalid sample rate: " << sampleRate << ", too small";
+    if (sampleRateHz <= (ONE_SECOND_IN_NANO / static_cast<float>(INT64_MAX))) {
+        return Error() << "invalid sample rate: " << sampleRateHz << ", too small";
     }
-    interval = static_cast<int64_t>(ONE_SECOND_IN_NANO / sampleRate);
-    return interval;
+    intervalNanos = static_cast<int64_t>(ONE_SECOND_IN_NANO / sampleRateHz);
+    return intervalNanos;
 }
 
-void ContSubConfigs::refreshMaxSampleRate() {
-    float maxSampleRate = 0.;
+void ContSubConfigs::refreshMaxSampleRateHz() {
+    float maxSampleRateHz = 0.;
     // This is not called frequently so a brute-focre is okay. More efficient way exists but this
     // is simpler.
-    for (const auto& [_, sampleRate] : mSampleRates) {
-        if (sampleRate > maxSampleRate) {
-            maxSampleRate = sampleRate;
+    for (const auto& [_, sampleRateHz] : mSampleRateHzByClient) {
+        if (sampleRateHz > maxSampleRateHz) {
+            maxSampleRateHz = sampleRateHz;
         }
     }
-    mMaxSampleRate = maxSampleRate;
+    mMaxSampleRateHz = maxSampleRateHz;
 }
 
-void ContSubConfigs::addClient(const ClientIdType& clientId, float sampleRate) {
-    mSampleRates[clientId] = sampleRate;
-    refreshMaxSampleRate();
+void ContSubConfigs::addClient(const ClientIdType& clientId, float sampleRateHz) {
+    mSampleRateHzByClient[clientId] = sampleRateHz;
+    refreshMaxSampleRateHz();
 }
 
 void ContSubConfigs::removeClient(const ClientIdType& clientId) {
-    mSampleRates.erase(clientId);
-    refreshMaxSampleRate();
+    mSampleRateHzByClient.erase(clientId);
+    refreshMaxSampleRateHz();
 }
 
-float ContSubConfigs::getMaxSampleRate() {
-    return mMaxSampleRate;
+float ContSubConfigs::getMaxSampleRateHz() const {
+    return mMaxSampleRateHz;
 }
 
-VhalResult<void> SubscriptionManager::updateSampleRateLocked(const ClientIdType& clientId,
-                                                             const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId,
-                                                             float sampleRate) {
+VhalResult<void> SubscriptionManager::addContinuousSubscriberLocked(
+        const ClientIdType& clientId, const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId, float sampleRateHz) {
     // Make a copy so that we don't modify 'mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea' on failure cases.
-    ContSubConfigs infoCopy = mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId];
-    infoCopy.addClient(clientId, sampleRate);
-    if (infoCopy.getMaxSampleRate() ==
-        mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId].getMaxSampleRate()) {
-        mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId] = infoCopy;
+    ContSubConfigs newConfig = mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId];
+    newConfig.addClient(clientId, sampleRateHz);
+    return updateContSubConfigs(propIdAreaId, newConfig);
+}
+
+VhalResult<void> SubscriptionManager::removeContinuousSubscriberLocked(
+        const ClientIdType& clientId, const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId) {
+    // Make a copy so that we don't modify 'mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea' on failure cases.
+    ContSubConfigs newConfig = mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId];
+    newConfig.removeClient(clientId);
+    return updateContSubConfigs(propIdAreaId, newConfig);
+}
+
+VhalResult<void> SubscriptionManager::updateContSubConfigs(const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId,
+                                                           const ContSubConfigs& newConfig) {
+    if (newConfig.getMaxSampleRateHz() ==
+        mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId].getMaxSampleRateHz()) {
+        mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId] = newConfig;
         return {};
     }
-    float newRate = infoCopy.getMaxSampleRate();
+    float newRateHz = newConfig.getMaxSampleRateHz();
     int32_t propId = propIdAreaId.propId;
     int32_t areaId = propIdAreaId.areaId;
-    if (auto status = mVehicleHardware->updateSampleRate(propId, areaId, newRate);
+    if (auto status = mVehicleHardware->updateSampleRate(propId, areaId, newRateHz);
         status != StatusCode::OK) {
         return StatusError(status) << StringPrintf("failed to update sample rate for prop: %" PRId32
                                                    ", area"
-                                                   ": %" PRId32 ", sample rate: %f",
-                                                   propId, areaId, newRate);
+                                                   ": %" PRId32 ", sample rate: %f HZ",
+                                                   propId, areaId, newRateHz);
     }
-    mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId] = infoCopy;
-    return {};
-}
-
-VhalResult<void> SubscriptionManager::removeSampleRateLocked(const ClientIdType& clientId,
-                                                             const PropIdAreaId& propIdAreaId) {
-    // Make a copy so that we don't modify 'mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea' on failure cases.
-    ContSubConfigs infoCopy = mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId];
-    infoCopy.removeClient(clientId);
-    if (infoCopy.getMaxSampleRate() ==
-        mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId].getMaxSampleRate()) {
-        mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId] = infoCopy;
-        return {};
-    }
-    float newRate = infoCopy.getMaxSampleRate();
-    int32_t propId = propIdAreaId.propId;
-    int32_t areaId = propIdAreaId.areaId;
-    if (auto status = mVehicleHardware->updateSampleRate(propId, areaId, newRate);
-        status != StatusCode::OK) {
-        return StatusError(status) << StringPrintf("failed to update sample rate for prop: %" PRId32
-                                                   ", area"
-                                                   ": %" PRId32 ", sample rate: %f",
-                                                   propId, areaId, newRate);
-    }
-    mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId] = infoCopy;
+    mContSubConfigsByPropIdArea[propIdAreaId] = newConfig;
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -147,14 +136,12 @@
                                                 bool isContinuousProperty) {
     std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
 
-    std::vector<int64_t> intervals;
     for (const auto& option : options) {
-        float sampleRate = option.sampleRate;
+        float sampleRateHz = option.sampleRate;
 
         if (isContinuousProperty) {
-            auto intervalResult = getInterval(sampleRate);
-            if (!intervalResult.ok()) {
-                return StatusError(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG) << intervalResult.error().message();
+            if (auto result = getIntervalNanos(sampleRateHz); !result.ok()) {
+                return StatusError(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG) << result.error().message();
             }
         }
 
@@ -176,7 +163,8 @@
                     .areaId = areaId,
             };
             if (isContinuousProperty) {
-                if (auto result = updateSampleRateLocked(clientId, propIdAreaId, option.sampleRate);
+                if (auto result = addContinuousSubscriberLocked(clientId, propIdAreaId,
+                                                                option.sampleRate);
                     !result.ok()) {
                     return result;
                 }
@@ -214,7 +202,7 @@
     while (it != propIdAreaIds.end()) {
         int32_t propId = it->propId;
         if (std::find(propIds.begin(), propIds.end(), propId) != propIds.end()) {
-            if (auto result = removeSampleRateLocked(clientId, *it); !result.ok()) {
+            if (auto result = removeContinuousSubscriberLocked(clientId, *it); !result.ok()) {
                 return result;
             }
 
@@ -244,7 +232,7 @@
 
     auto& subscriptions = mSubscribedPropsByClient[clientId];
     for (auto const& propIdAreaId : subscriptions) {
-        if (auto result = removeSampleRateLocked(clientId, propIdAreaId); !result.ok()) {
+        if (auto result = removeContinuousSubscriberLocked(clientId, propIdAreaId); !result.ok()) {
             return result;
         }
 
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp
index f48b906..36fa5e6 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp
@@ -324,9 +324,9 @@
         mCallbackClient = IVehicleCallback::fromBinder(mBinder);
 
         // Set the linkToDeath to a fake implementation that always returns OK.
-        auto binderImpl = std::make_unique<TestBinderImpl>();
-        mBinderImpl = binderImpl.get();
-        mVhal->setBinderImpl(std::move(binderImpl));
+        auto handler = std::make_unique<TestBinderLifecycleHandler>();
+        mBinderLifecycleHandler = handler.get();
+        mVhal->setBinderLifecycleHandler(std::move(handler));
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
 
     bool hasNoSubscriptions() { return mVhal->mSubscriptionManager->isEmpty(); }
 
-    void setBinderAlive(bool isAlive) { mBinderImpl->setAlive(isAlive); };
+    void setBinderAlive(bool isAlive) { mBinderLifecycleHandler->setAlive(isAlive); };
 
     static Result<void> getValuesTestCases(size_t size, GetValueRequests& requests,
                                            std::vector<GetValueResult>& expectedResults,
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@
     }
 
   private:
-    class TestBinderImpl final : public DefaultVehicleHal::IBinder {
+    class TestBinderLifecycleHandler final : public DefaultVehicleHal::BinderLifecycleInterface {
       public:
         binder_status_t linkToDeath(AIBinder*, AIBinder_DeathRecipient*, void*) override {
             if (mIsAlive) {
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<MockVehicleCallback> mCallback;
     std::shared_ptr<IVehicleCallback> mCallbackClient;
     SpAIBinder mBinder;
-    TestBinderImpl* mBinderImpl;
+    TestBinderLifecycleHandler* mBinderLifecycleHandler;
 };
 
 TEST_F(DefaultVehicleHalTest, testGetAllPropConfigsSmall) {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/SubscriptionManagerTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/SubscriptionManagerTest.cpp
index 3f59363..eb3c663 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/SubscriptionManagerTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/SubscriptionManagerTest.cpp
@@ -477,16 +477,16 @@
     ASSERT_THAT(clients[getCallbackClient()], ElementsAre(&updatedValues[1]));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerTest, testCheckSampleRateValid) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRate(1.0));
+TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerTest, testCheckSampleRateHzValid) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRateHz(1.0));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerTest, testCheckSampleRateInvalidTooSmall) {
-    ASSERT_FALSE(SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRate(FLT_MIN));
+TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerTest, testCheckSampleRateHzInvalidTooSmall) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRateHz(FLT_MIN));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerTest, testCheckSampleRateInvalidZero) {
-    ASSERT_FALSE(SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRate(0));
+TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerTest, testCheckSampleRateHzInvalidZero) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(SubscriptionManager::checkSampleRateHz(0));
 }
 
 }  // namespace vehicle