diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp
index ed59a2d..c239c51 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,10 @@
 
 #include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
+
+using V1_0::DeviceStatus;
+using V1_0::ErrorStatus;
 
 // create device test
 TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, CreateDevice) {}
@@ -38,21 +36,16 @@
 // initialization
 TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, GetCapabilitiesTest) {
     Return<void> ret =
-        device->getCapabilities_1_1([](ErrorStatus status, const Capabilities& capabilities) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status);
-            EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.float32Performance.execTime);
-            EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.float32Performance.powerUsage);
-            EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.quantized8Performance.execTime);
-            EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.quantized8Performance.powerUsage);
-            EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.relaxedFloat32toFloat16Performance.execTime);
-            EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.relaxedFloat32toFloat16Performance.powerUsage);
-        });
+            device->getCapabilities_1_1([](ErrorStatus status, const Capabilities& capabilities) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status);
+                EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.float32Performance.execTime);
+                EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.float32Performance.powerUsage);
+                EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.quantized8Performance.execTime);
+                EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.quantized8Performance.powerUsage);
+                EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.relaxedFloat32toFloat16Performance.execTime);
+                EXPECT_LT(0.0f, capabilities.relaxedFloat32toFloat16Performance.powerUsage);
+            });
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
index d8d1a31..6ed5bc1 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
@@ -33,28 +33,19 @@
 #include "TestHarness.h"
 #include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
 
 using namespace test_helper;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::DataLocation;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::ErrorStatus;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::IPreparedModel;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::Operand;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::OperandLifeTime;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::OperandType;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::Request;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::RequestArgument;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::implementation::ExecutionCallback;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::ExecutionPreference;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::IDevice;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::Model;
-using ::android::hidl::memory::V1_0::IMemory;
+using hidl::memory::V1_0::IMemory;
+using V1_0::DataLocation;
+using V1_0::ErrorStatus;
+using V1_0::IPreparedModel;
+using V1_0::Operand;
+using V1_0::OperandLifeTime;
+using V1_0::OperandType;
+using V1_0::Request;
+using V1_0::implementation::ExecutionCallback;
+using V1_0::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
 
 Model createModel(const TestModel& testModel) {
     // Model operands.
@@ -212,9 +203,4 @@
 INSTANTIATE_GENERATED_TEST(GeneratedTest,
                            [](const TestModel& testModel) { return !testModel.expectFailure; });
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.h b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.h
index 82fc551..7cb9bdc 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.h
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.h
@@ -21,12 +21,7 @@
 #include "TestHarness.h"
 #include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
 
 class GeneratedTestBase
     : public NeuralnetworksHidlTest,
@@ -50,20 +45,16 @@
 // TODO: Clean up the hierarchy for ValidationTest.
 class ValidationTest : public GeneratedTestBase {
   protected:
-    void validateEverything(const Model& model, const Request& request);
+    void validateEverything(const Model& model, const V1_0::Request& request);
 
   private:
     void validateModel(const Model& model);
-    void validateRequest(const sp<IPreparedModel>& preparedModel, const Request& request);
+    void validateRequest(const sp<V1_0::IPreparedModel>& preparedModel,
+                         const V1_0::Request& request);
 };
 
 Model createModel(const ::test_helper::TestModel& testModel);
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
 
 #endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_NEURALNETWORKS_V1_1_GENERATED_TEST_HARNESS_H
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index d20dcd0..e617219 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -21,18 +21,14 @@
 #include "GeneratedTestHarness.h"
 #include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
 
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::IPreparedModel;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::Operand;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::OperandLifeTime;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::OperandType;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
+using V1_0::ErrorStatus;
+using V1_0::IPreparedModel;
+using V1_0::Operand;
+using V1_0::OperandLifeTime;
+using V1_0::OperandType;
+using V1_0::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
 
 ///////////////////////// UTILITY FUNCTIONS /////////////////////////
 
@@ -52,7 +48,6 @@
     SCOPED_TRACE(message + " [prepareModel_1_1]");
 
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
             device->prepareModel_1_1(model, preference, preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
@@ -484,8 +479,9 @@
     for (int32_t preference : invalidExecutionPreferences) {
         const std::string message =
                 "mutateExecutionPreferenceTest: preference " + std::to_string(preference);
-        validate(device, message, model, [](Model*) {},
-                 static_cast<ExecutionPreference>(preference));
+        validate(
+                device, message, model, [](Model*) {},
+                static_cast<ExecutionPreference>(preference));
     }
 }
 
@@ -509,9 +505,4 @@
     mutateExecutionPreferenceTest(device, model);
 }
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
index e0710f1..a4e4ade 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
@@ -21,17 +21,12 @@
 #include "GeneratedTestHarness.h"
 #include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
 
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::ErrorStatus;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::Request;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::implementation::ExecutionCallback;
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::IPreparedModel;
+using V1_0::ErrorStatus;
+using V1_0::IPreparedModel;
+using V1_0::Request;
+using V1_0::implementation::ExecutionCallback;
 
 ///////////////////////// UTILITY FUNCTIONS /////////////////////////
 
@@ -45,7 +40,6 @@
     SCOPED_TRACE(message + " [execute]");
 
     sp<ExecutionCallback> executionCallback = new ExecutionCallback();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, executionCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> executeLaunchStatus = preparedModel->execute(request, executionCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(executeLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(executeLaunchStatus));
@@ -83,9 +77,4 @@
     removeOutputTest(preparedModel, request);
 }
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.cpp
index 9a11b10..2c1a839 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.cpp
@@ -24,16 +24,14 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
 
-using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
+using V1_0::ErrorStatus;
+using V1_0::IPreparedModel;
+using V1_0::Request;
+using V1_0::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
 
-static void createPreparedModel(const sp<IDevice>& device, const V1_1::Model& model,
+static void createPreparedModel(const sp<IDevice>& device, const Model& model,
                                 sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel) {
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModel);
 
@@ -50,7 +48,6 @@
 
     // launch prepare model
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus = device->prepareModel_1_1(
             model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
@@ -82,10 +79,6 @@
 }
 
 // A class for test environment setup
-NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment::NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment() {}
-
-NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment::~NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment() {}
-
 NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment* NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment::getInstance() {
     // This has to return a "new" object because it is freed inside
     // ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment when the gtest is being torn down
@@ -98,14 +91,8 @@
 }
 
 // The main test class for NEURALNETWORK HIDL HAL.
-NeuralnetworksHidlTest::NeuralnetworksHidlTest() {}
-
-NeuralnetworksHidlTest::~NeuralnetworksHidlTest() {}
-
 void NeuralnetworksHidlTest::SetUp() {
     ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::SetUp();
-    device = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDevice>(
-            NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment::getInstance());
 
 #ifdef PRESUBMIT_NOT_VTS
     const std::string name =
@@ -120,7 +107,6 @@
 }
 
 void NeuralnetworksHidlTest::TearDown() {
-    device = nullptr;
     ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::TearDown();
 }
 
@@ -146,12 +132,7 @@
 
 INSTANTIATE_GENERATED_TEST(ValidationTest, [](const test_helper::TestModel&) { return true; });
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
 
 namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0 {
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h
index 8d44deb..3d6f2ea 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h
@@ -31,28 +31,14 @@
 
 #include "TestHarness.h"
 
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace neuralnetworks {
-namespace V1_1 {
-
-using V1_0::DeviceStatus;
-using V1_0::ErrorStatus;
-using V1_0::IPreparedModel;
-using V1_0::Operand;
-using V1_0::OperandType;
-using V1_0::Request;
-
-namespace vts {
-namespace functional {
+namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional {
 
 // A class for test environment setup
 class NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment);
-    NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment();
-    ~NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment() override;
+    NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment() = default;
 
-   public:
+  public:
     static NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment* getInstance();
     void registerTestServices() override;
 };
@@ -61,22 +47,17 @@
 class NeuralnetworksHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(NeuralnetworksHidlTest);
 
-   public:
-    NeuralnetworksHidlTest();
-    ~NeuralnetworksHidlTest() override;
+  public:
+    NeuralnetworksHidlTest() = default;
     void SetUp() override;
     void TearDown() override;
 
-   protected:
-    sp<IDevice> device;
+  protected:
+    const sp<IDevice> device = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDevice>(
+            NeuralnetworksHidlEnvironment::getInstance());
 };
 
-}  // namespace functional
-}  // namespace vts
-}  // namespace V1_1
-}  // namespace neuralnetworks
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_1::vts::functional
 
 namespace android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_0 {