diff --git a/audio/6.0/IDevice.hal b/audio/6.0/IDevice.hal
index 42a545b..e885fe2 100644
--- a/audio/6.0/IDevice.hal
+++ b/audio/6.0/IDevice.hal
@@ -260,7 +260,8 @@
     /**
      * Returns an array with available microphones in device.
      *
-     * @return retval INVALID_STATE if the call is not successful,
+     * @return retval NOT_SUPPORTED if there are no microphones on this device
+     *                INVALID_STATE if the call is not successful,
      *                OK otherwise.
      *
      * @return microphones array with microphones info
diff --git a/audio/6.0/IStream.hal b/audio/6.0/IStream.hal
index f4c91f8..451e116 100644
--- a/audio/6.0/IStream.hal
+++ b/audio/6.0/IStream.hal
@@ -123,9 +123,11 @@
      * equivalent to getting AUDIO_PARAMETER_STREAM_SUP_FORMATS on the legacy
      * HAL.
      *
+     * @return retval operation completion status.
      * @return formats supported audio formats.
+     *                 Must be non empty if retval is OK.
      */
-    getSupportedFormats() generates (vec<AudioFormat> formats);
+    getSupportedFormats() generates (Result retval, vec<AudioFormat> formats);
 
     /**
      * Sets the audio format of the stream. Calling this method is equivalent to
diff --git a/audio/common/all-versions/test/utility/include/utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h b/audio/common/all-versions/test/utility/include/utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h
index 0e416f3..2b240ce 100644
--- a/audio/common/all-versions/test/utility/include/utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h
+++ b/audio/common/all-versions/test/utility/include/utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <list>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace audio {
@@ -34,18 +31,20 @@
  * Avoid destroying static objects after main return.
  * Post main return destruction leads to incorrect gtest timing measurements as
  * well as harder debuging if anything goes wrong during destruction. */
-class Environment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-   public:
+class EnvironmentTearDown {
+  public:
     using TearDownFunc = std::function<void()>;
     void registerTearDown(TearDownFunc&& tearDown) { tearDowns.push_front(std::move(tearDown)); }
 
-   private:
-    void HidlTearDown() override {
+  protected:
+    void executeAllTearDowns() {
         // Call the tear downs in reverse order of insertion
         for (auto& tearDown : tearDowns) {
             tearDown();
         }
     }
+
+  private:
     std::list<TearDownFunc> tearDowns;
 };
 
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/core/all-versions/default/Stream.cpp
index e62f6d3..5f24a5d 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -175,8 +175,17 @@
         for (size_t i = 0; i < halFormats.size(); ++i) {
             formats[i] = AudioFormat(halFormats[i]);
         }
+        // Legacy get_parameter does not return a status_t, thus can not advertise of failure.
+        // Note that the method must not return an empty list if this capability is supported.
+        if (formats.size() == 0) {
+            result = Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        }
     }
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
     _hidl_cb(formats);
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+    _hidl_cb(result, formats);
+#endif
     return Void();
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
index 7906bf1..c189464 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
@@ -60,19 +60,20 @@
                "deconnection",
                testConnectedState(stream.get()))
 
-TEST_IO_STREAM(GetHwAvSync, "Get hardware sync can not fail", ASSERT_IS_OK(device->getHwAvSync()));
+TEST_IO_STREAM(GetHwAvSync, "Get hardware sync can not fail",
+               ASSERT_IS_OK(getDevice()->getHwAvSync()));
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setMode) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setMode) {
     doc::test("Make sure setMode always succeeds if mode is valid and fails otherwise");
     // Test Invalid values
     for (AudioMode mode : {AudioMode::INVALID, AudioMode::CURRENT, AudioMode::CNT}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE("mode=" + toString(mode));
-        ASSERT_RESULT(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, device->setMode(mode));
+        ASSERT_RESULT(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, getDevice()->setMode(mode));
     }
     // Test valid values
     for (AudioMode mode : {AudioMode::IN_CALL, AudioMode::IN_COMMUNICATION, AudioMode::RINGTONE,
                            AudioMode::NORMAL /* Make sure to leave the test in normal mode */}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE("mode=" + toString(mode));
-        ASSERT_OK(device->setMode(mode));
+        ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->setMode(mode));
     }
 }
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6373e39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/2.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_CORE_2_0_ENVIRONMENT_TEARDOWN_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_CORE_2_0_ENVIRONMENT_TEARDOWN_H
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h"
+
+class Environment : public ::android::hardware::audio::common::test::utility::EnvironmentTearDown,
+                    public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+  private:
+    void HidlTearDown() override {
+        executeAllTearDowns();
+        VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase::HidlTearDown();
+    }
+};
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_CORE_2_0_ENVIRONMENT_TEARDOWN_H
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
index 15be3bf..e267a5e 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
@@ -16,28 +16,18 @@
 
 #include "AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h"
 
-static void waitForDeviceDestruction() {
-    // FIXME: there is no way to know when the remote IDevice is being destroyed
-    //        Binder does not support testing if an object is alive, thus
-    //        wait for 100ms to let the binder destruction propagates and
-    //        the remote device has the time to be destroyed.
-    //        flushCommand makes sure all local command are sent, thus should reduce
-    //        the latency between local and remote destruction.
-    IPCThreadState::self()->flushCommands();
-    usleep(100 * 1000);
-}
-
-TEST_F(AudioHidlTest, OpenPrimaryDeviceUsingGetDevice) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlTest, OpenPrimaryDeviceUsingGetDevice) {
     doc::test("Calling openDevice(\"primary\") should return the primary device.");
+    if (getDeviceName() != DeviceManager::kPrimaryDevice) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "No primary device on this factory";  // returns
+    }
+
     struct WaitExecutor {
-        ~WaitExecutor() { waitForDeviceDestruction(); }
+        ~WaitExecutor() { DeviceManager::waitForInstanceDestruction(); }
     } waitExecutor;  // Make sure we wait for the device destruction on exiting from the test.
     Result result;
     sp<IDevice> baseDevice;
-    ASSERT_OK(devicesFactory->openDevice("primary", returnIn(result, baseDevice)));
-    if (result != Result::OK && isPrimaryDeviceOptional()) {
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "No primary device on this factory";  // returns
-    }
+    ASSERT_OK(getDevicesFactory()->openDevice("primary", returnIn(result, baseDevice)));
     ASSERT_OK(result);
     ASSERT_TRUE(baseDevice != nullptr);
 
@@ -50,10 +40,13 @@
 /////////////////////////// get(Active)Microphones ///////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, GetMicrophonesTest) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, GetMicrophonesTest) {
     doc::test("Make sure getMicrophones always succeeds");
     hidl_vec<MicrophoneInfo> microphones;
-    ASSERT_OK(device->getMicrophones(returnIn(res, microphones)));
+    ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->getMicrophones(returnIn(res, microphones)));
+    if (res == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "getMicrophones is not supported";  // returns
+    }
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     if (microphones.size() > 0) {
         // When there is microphone on the phone, try to open an input stream
@@ -75,15 +68,15 @@
             }
             sp<IStreamIn> stream;
             AudioConfig suggestedConfig{};
-            ASSERT_OK(device->openInputStream(ioHandle, microphone.deviceAddress, config, flags,
-                                              initMetadata,
-                                              returnIn(res, stream, suggestedConfig)));
+            ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->openInputStream(ioHandle, microphone.deviceAddress, config,
+                                                   flags, initMetadata,
+                                                   returnIn(res, stream, suggestedConfig)));
             if (res != Result::OK) {
                 ASSERT_TRUE(stream == nullptr);
                 AudioConfig suggestedConfigRetry{};
-                ASSERT_OK(device->openInputStream(ioHandle, microphone.deviceAddress,
-                                                  suggestedConfig, flags, initMetadata,
-                                                  returnIn(res, stream, suggestedConfigRetry)));
+                ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->openInputStream(
+                        ioHandle, microphone.deviceAddress, suggestedConfig, flags, initMetadata,
+                        returnIn(res, stream, suggestedConfigRetry)));
             }
             ASSERT_OK(res);
             hidl_vec<MicrophoneInfo> activeMicrophones;
@@ -131,7 +124,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, SetConnectedState) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, SetConnectedState) {
     doc::test("Check that the HAL can be notified of device connection and deconnection");
     using AD = AudioDevice;
     for (auto deviceType : {AD::OUT_HDMI, AD::OUT_WIRED_HEADPHONE, AD::IN_USB_HEADSET}) {
@@ -140,7 +133,7 @@
             SCOPED_TRACE("state=" + ::testing::PrintToString(state));
             DeviceAddress address = {};
             address.device = deviceType;
-            auto ret = device->setConnectedState(address, state);
+            auto ret = getDevice()->setConnectedState(address, state);
             ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
             if (ret == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
                 doc::partialTest("setConnectedState is not supported");
@@ -153,9 +146,7 @@
     // Because there is no way of knowing if the devices were connected before
     // calling setConnectedState, there is no way to restore the HAL to its
     // initial state. To workaround this, destroy the HAL at the end of this test.
-    device.clear();
-    waitForDeviceDestruction();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(initPrimaryDevice());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(resetDevice());
 }
 
 static void testGetDevices(IStream* stream, AudioDevice expectedDevice) {
@@ -181,9 +172,10 @@
     DeviceAddress otherAddress = address;
     otherAddress.device = (address.device & AudioDevice::BIT_IN) == 0 ? AudioDevice::OUT_SPEAKER
                                                                       : AudioDevice::IN_BUILTIN_MIC;
-    EXPECT_OK(stream->setDevices({otherAddress}));
+    EXPECT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, stream->setDevices({otherAddress}));
 
-    ASSERT_OK(stream->setDevices({address}));  // Go back to the original value
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported,
+                  stream->setDevices({address}));  // Go back to the original value
 }
 
 TEST_IO_STREAM(SetDevices, "Check that the stream can be rerouted to SPEAKER or BUILTIN_MIC",
@@ -199,7 +191,7 @@
     }
     ASSERT_OK(res);
 }
-TEST_IO_STREAM(GetHwAvSync, "Get hardware sync can not fail", checkGetHwAVSync(device.get()));
+TEST_IO_STREAM(GetHwAvSync, "Get hardware sync can not fail", checkGetHwAVSync(getDevice().get()));
 
 TEST_P(InputStreamTest, updateSinkMetadata) {
     doc::test("The HAL should not crash on metadata change");
@@ -259,58 +251,58 @@
     ASSERT_OK(stream->updateSourceMetadata(initMetadata));
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setMode) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setMode) {
     doc::test("Make sure setMode always succeeds if mode is valid and fails otherwise");
     // Test Invalid values
     for (int mode : {-2, -1, int(AudioMode::IN_COMMUNICATION) + 1}) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, device->setMode(AudioMode(mode)))
-            << "mode=" << mode;
+        ASSERT_RESULT(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, getDevice()->setMode(AudioMode(mode)))
+                << "mode=" << mode;
     }
     // Test valid values
     for (AudioMode mode : {AudioMode::IN_CALL, AudioMode::IN_COMMUNICATION, AudioMode::RINGTONE,
                            AudioMode::NORMAL /* Make sure to leave the test in normal mode */}) {
-        ASSERT_OK(device->setMode(mode)) << "mode=" << toString(mode);
+        ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->setMode(mode)) << "mode=" << toString(mode);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtHfpSampleRate) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtHfpSampleRate) {
     doc::test(
         "Make sure setBtHfpSampleRate either succeeds or "
         "indicates that it is not supported at all, or that the provided value is invalid");
     for (auto samplingRate : {8000, 16000, 22050, 24000}) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupportedOrInvalidArgs, device->setBtHfpSampleRate(samplingRate));
+        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupportedOrInvalidArgs, getDevice()->setBtHfpSampleRate(samplingRate));
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtHfpVolume) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtHfpVolume) {
     doc::test(
         "Make sure setBtHfpVolume is either not supported or "
         "only succeed if volume is in [0,1]");
-    auto ret = device->setBtHfpVolume(0.0);
+    auto ret = getDevice()->setBtHfpVolume(0.0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
     if (ret == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
         doc::partialTest("setBtHfpVolume is not supported");
         return;
     }
-    testUnitaryGain([](float volume) { return device->setBtHfpVolume(volume); });
+    testUnitaryGain([this](float volume) { return getDevice()->setBtHfpVolume(volume); });
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtScoHeadsetDebugName) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtScoHeadsetDebugName) {
     doc::test(
         "Make sure setBtScoHeadsetDebugName either succeeds or "
         "indicates that it is not supported");
-    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, device->setBtScoHeadsetDebugName("test"));
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, getDevice()->setBtScoHeadsetDebugName("test"));
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, updateRotation) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, updateRotation) {
     doc::test("Check that the hal can receive the current rotation");
     for (Rotation rotation : {Rotation::DEG_0, Rotation::DEG_90, Rotation::DEG_180,
                               Rotation::DEG_270, Rotation::DEG_0}) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, device->updateRotation(rotation));
+        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, getDevice()->updateRotation(rotation));
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetBtHfpEnabled) {
+TEST_P(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetBtHfpEnabled) {
     doc::test("Query and set the BT HFP state");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>("BtHfpEnabled", Initial{false, OPTIONAL}, {true},
                             &IPrimaryDevice::setBtHfpEnabled, &IPrimaryDevice::getBtHfpEnabled);
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalUtils.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalUtils.h
index 8415053..7a52d0e 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalUtils.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/4.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalUtils.h
@@ -75,11 +75,18 @@
         return res;
     }
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
     static Result formats(IStream* stream, hidl_vec<AudioFormat>& capabilities) {
         EXPECT_OK(stream->getSupportedFormats(returnIn(capabilities)));
-        // TODO: this should be an optional function
         return Result::OK;
     }
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+    static Result formats(IStream* stream, hidl_vec<AudioFormat>& capabilities) {
+        Result res;
+        EXPECT_OK(stream->getSupportedFormats(returnIn(res, capabilities)));
+        return res;
+    }
+#endif
 };
 
 template <class T>
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
index 6314ea7..30f8a7a 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
@@ -16,3 +16,131 @@
 
 // pull in all the <= 5.0 tests
 #include "5.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp"
+
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParametersForFactoryTests() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceParameter> parameters = [] {
+        std::vector<DeviceParameter> result;
+        const auto factories =
+                ::android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IDevicesFactory::descriptor);
+        for (const auto& factoryName : factories) {
+            result.emplace_back(factoryName,
+                                DeviceManager::getInstance().getPrimary(factoryName) != nullptr
+                                        ? DeviceManager::kPrimaryDevice
+                                        : "");
+        }
+        return result;
+    }();
+    return parameters;
+}
+
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceParameter> parameters = [] {
+        std::vector<DeviceParameter> result;
+        const auto primary = std::find_if(
+                getDeviceParameters().begin(), getDeviceParameters().end(), [](const auto& elem) {
+                    return std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(elem) == DeviceManager::kPrimaryDevice;
+                });
+        if (primary != getDeviceParameters().end()) result.push_back(*primary);
+        return result;
+    }();
+    return parameters;
+}
+
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParameters() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceParameter> parameters = [] {
+        std::vector<DeviceParameter> result;
+        const auto factories =
+                ::android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IDevicesFactory::descriptor);
+        const auto devices = getCachedPolicyConfig().getModulesWithDevicesNames();
+        result.reserve(devices.size());
+        for (const auto& factoryName : factories) {
+            for (const auto& deviceName : devices) {
+                if (DeviceManager::getInstance().get(factoryName, deviceName) != nullptr) {
+                    result.emplace_back(factoryName, deviceName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }();
+    return parameters;
+}
+
+const std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter>& getOutputDeviceConfigParameters() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter> parameters = [] {
+        std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter> result;
+        for (const auto& device : getDeviceParameters()) {
+            auto module =
+                    getCachedPolicyConfig().getModuleFromName(std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(device));
+            for (const auto& ioProfile : module->getOutputProfiles()) {
+                for (const auto& profile : ioProfile->getAudioProfiles()) {
+                    const auto& channels = profile->getChannels();
+                    const auto& sampleRates = profile->getSampleRates();
+                    auto configs = ConfigHelper::combineAudioConfig(
+                            vector<audio_channel_mask_t>(channels.begin(), channels.end()),
+                            vector<uint32_t>(sampleRates.begin(), sampleRates.end()),
+                            profile->getFormat());
+                    auto flags = ioProfile->getFlags();
+                    for (auto& config : configs) {
+                        // Some combinations of flags declared in the config file require special
+                        // treatment.
+                        bool special = false;
+                        if (flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_COMPRESS_OFFLOAD) {
+                            config.offloadInfo.sampleRateHz = config.sampleRateHz;
+                            config.offloadInfo.channelMask = config.channelMask;
+                            config.offloadInfo.format = config.format;
+                            config.offloadInfo.streamType = AudioStreamType::MUSIC;
+                            config.offloadInfo.bitRatePerSecond = 320;
+                            config.offloadInfo.durationMicroseconds = -1;
+                            config.offloadInfo.bitWidth = 16;
+                            config.offloadInfo.bufferSize = 256;  // arbitrary value
+                            config.offloadInfo.usage = AudioUsage::MEDIA;
+                            result.emplace_back(
+                                    device, config,
+                                    AudioOutputFlag(AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_COMPRESS_OFFLOAD));
+                            special = true;
+                        }
+                        if ((flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT) &&
+                            !(flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_HW_AV_SYNC)) {
+                            result.emplace_back(device, config,
+                                                AudioOutputFlag(AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT));
+                            special = true;
+                        }
+                        if (flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_PRIMARY) {  // ignore the flag
+                            flags &= ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_PRIMARY;
+                        }
+                        if (!special) {
+                            result.emplace_back(device, config, AudioOutputFlag(flags));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }();
+    return parameters;
+}
+
+const std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter>& getInputDeviceConfigParameters() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter> parameters = [] {
+        std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter> result;
+        for (const auto& device : getDeviceParameters()) {
+            auto module =
+                    getCachedPolicyConfig().getModuleFromName(std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(device));
+            for (const auto& ioProfile : module->getInputProfiles()) {
+                for (const auto& profile : ioProfile->getAudioProfiles()) {
+                    const auto& channels = profile->getChannels();
+                    const auto& sampleRates = profile->getSampleRates();
+                    auto configs = ConfigHelper::combineAudioConfig(
+                            vector<audio_channel_mask_t>(channels.begin(), channels.end()),
+                            vector<uint32_t>(sampleRates.begin(), sampleRates.end()),
+                            profile->getFormat());
+                    for (const auto& config : configs) {
+                        result.emplace_back(device, config, AudioInputFlag(ioProfile->getFlags()));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }();
+    return parameters;
+}
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..593759f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_CORE_6_0_ENVIRONMENT_TEARDOWN_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_CORE_6_0_ENVIRONMENT_TEARDOWN_H
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h"
+
+class Environment : public ::android::hardware::audio::common::test::utility::EnvironmentTearDown,
+                    public ::testing::Environment {
+  public:
+    void init(int* /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/) {}  // emulate VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase
+  private:
+    void TearDown() override { executeAllTearDowns(); }
+};
+
+// FIXME: Will be removed while making getDeviceParameters to use the config
+static constexpr const char* kDefaultServiceName = "default";
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_CORE_6_0_ENVIRONMENT_TEARDOWN_H
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h
index 6c51c1b..468f9b2 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <limits>
 #include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
+#include <variant>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -31,7 +34,9 @@
 
 #include <hwbinder/IPCThreadState.h>
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
@@ -44,16 +49,25 @@
 #include <Serializer.h>
 #include <fmq/EventFlag.h>
 #include <fmq/MessageQueue.h>
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <common/all-versions/VersionUtils.h>
 
 #include "utility/AssertOk.h"
 #include "utility/Documentation.h"
-#include "utility/EnvironmentTearDown.h"
 #include "utility/PrettyPrintAudioTypes.h"
 #include "utility/ReturnIn.h"
 #include "utility/ValidateXml.h"
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+#include "2.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h"
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+#include "6.0/EnvironmentTearDown.h"
+#endif
+
 /** Provide version specific functions that are used in the generic tests */
 #if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
 #include "2.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalUtils.h"
@@ -84,7 +98,9 @@
 using ::android::hardware::MessageQueue;
 using ::android::hardware::MQDescriptorSync;
 using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::audio::common::utils::EnumBitfield;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::utils::mkEnumBitfield;
+using ::android::hardware::details::toHexString;
 
 using namespace ::android::hardware::audio::common::CPP_VERSION;
 using namespace ::android::hardware::audio::common::test::utility;
@@ -105,14 +121,43 @@
 
 class AudioHidlTestEnvironment : public ::Environment {
    public:
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IDevicesFactory>(); }
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+     void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IDevicesFactory>(); }
+#endif
 };
 
 // Instance to register global tearDown
 static AudioHidlTestEnvironment* environment;
 
-class HidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
-   protected:
+#define AUDIO_PRIMARY_HIDL_HAL_TEST
+#include "DeviceManager.h"
+
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+using HidlTestBase = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase;
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+using HidlTestBase = ::testing::Test;
+#endif
+
+class HidlTest : public HidlTestBase {
+  public:
+    virtual ~HidlTest() = default;
+
+  protected:
+    // Factory and device name getters to be overridden in subclasses.
+    virtual const std::string& getFactoryName() const = 0;
+    virtual const std::string& getDeviceName() const = 0;
+
+    sp<IDevicesFactory> getDevicesFactory() const {
+        return DevicesFactoryManager::getInstance().get(getFactoryName());
+    }
+    sp<IDevice> getDevice() const {
+        return DeviceManager::getInstance().get(getFactoryName(), getDeviceName());
+    }
+    bool resetDevice() const {
+        return DeviceManager::getInstance().reset(getFactoryName(), getDeviceName());
+    }
+    bool areAudioPatchesSupported() { return extract(getDevice()->supportsAudioPatches()); }
+
     // Convenient member to store results
     Result res;
 };
@@ -158,7 +203,25 @@
         }
         mStatus = android::deserializeAudioPolicyFile(mFilePath.c_str(), this);
         if (mStatus == OK) {
-            mPrimaryModule = getHwModules().getModuleFromName("primary");
+            mPrimaryModule = getHwModules().getModuleFromName(DeviceManager::kPrimaryDevice);
+            // Available devices are not 'attached' to modules at this moment.
+            // Need to go over available devices and find their module.
+            for (const auto& device : availableOutputDevices) {
+                for (const auto& module : hwModules) {
+                    if (module->getDeclaredDevices().indexOf(device) >= 0) {
+                        mModulesWithDevicesNames.insert(module->getName());
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (const auto& device : availableInputDevices) {
+                for (const auto& module : hwModules) {
+                    if (module->getDeclaredDevices().indexOf(device) >= 0) {
+                        mModulesWithDevicesNames.insert(module->getName());
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
     status_t getStatus() const { return mStatus; }
@@ -171,12 +234,19 @@
         }
     }
     const std::string& getFilePath() const { return mFilePath; }
+    sp<const HwModule> getModuleFromName(const std::string& name) const {
+        return getHwModules().getModuleFromName(name.c_str());
+    }
     sp<const HwModule> getPrimaryModule() const { return mPrimaryModule; }
+    const std::set<std::string>& getModulesWithDevicesNames() const {
+        return mModulesWithDevicesNames;
+    }
 
    private:
     status_t mStatus = NO_INIT;
     std::string mFilePath;
     sp<HwModule> mPrimaryModule = nullptr;
+    std::set<std::string> mModulesWithDevicesNames;
 };
 
 // Cached policy config after parsing for faster test startup
@@ -189,61 +259,113 @@
     return *policyConfig;
 }
 
-class AudioPolicyConfigTest : public HidlTest {
-   public:
+class AudioPolicyConfigTest : public HidlTestBase {
+  public:
     void SetUp() override {
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(HidlTest::SetUp());  // setup base
-
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(HidlTestBase::SetUp());  // setup base
         auto& policyConfig = getCachedPolicyConfig();
         ASSERT_EQ(0, policyConfig.getStatus()) << policyConfig.getError();
-
-        mPrimaryConfig = policyConfig.getPrimaryModule();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mPrimaryConfig) << "Could not find primary module in configuration file: "
-                                    << policyConfig.getFilePath();
     }
-    sp<const HwModule> mPrimaryConfig = nullptr;
 };
 
 TEST_F(AudioPolicyConfigTest, LoadAudioPolicyXMLConfiguration) {
     doc::test("Test parsing audio_policy_configuration.xml (called in SetUp)");
 }
 
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyConfigTest, HasPrimaryModule) {
+    auto& policyConfig = getCachedPolicyConfig();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(policyConfig.getPrimaryModule() != nullptr)
+            << "Could not find primary module in configuration file: "
+            << policyConfig.getFilePath();
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////////// Test parameter types and definitions ////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+enum { PARAM_FACTORY_NAME, PARAM_DEVICE_NAME };
+using DeviceParameter = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;
+
+static inline std::string DeviceParameterToString(
+        const ::testing::TestParamInfo<DeviceParameter>& info) {
+    const auto& deviceName = std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(info.param);
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+    return !deviceName.empty() ? deviceName : std::to_string(info.index);
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+    const auto factoryName =
+            ::android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString(::testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>{
+                    std::get<PARAM_FACTORY_NAME>(info.param), info.index});
+    return !deviceName.empty() ? factoryName + "_" + deviceName : factoryName;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+// For V2..5 the factory is looked up using the instance name passed
+// in the environment, only one factory is returned. This is because the VTS
+// framework will call the test for each instance. Only the primary device of
+// the default service factory can be tested.
+
+// Return a pair of <"default", "primary"> or <[non-default name], "">
+// This is used to parametrize device factory tests.
+// The device name is used to indicate whether IPrimaryDevice is required.
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParametersForFactoryTests() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceParameter> parameters = {
+            {environment->getServiceName<IDevicesFactory>(),
+             environment->getServiceName<IDevicesFactory>() == kDefaultServiceName
+                     ? DeviceManager::kPrimaryDevice
+                     : ""}};
+    return parameters;
+}
+// Return a pair of <"default", "primary"> or nothing.
+// This is used to parametrize primary device tests.
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests() {
+    static std::vector<DeviceParameter> parameters =
+            !std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(*getDeviceParametersForFactoryTests().begin()).empty()
+                    ? getDeviceParametersForFactoryTests()
+                    : std::vector<DeviceParameter>{};
+    return parameters;
+}
+// In V2..5 device tests must only test the primary device.
+// No device tests are executed for non-primary devices.
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParameters() {
+    return getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests();
+}
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+// For V6 and above these functions are implemented in 6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParametersForFactoryTests();
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests();
+const std::vector<DeviceParameter>& getDeviceParameters();
+#endif
+
+class AudioHidlTestWithDeviceParameter : public HidlTest,
+                                         public ::testing::WithParamInterface<DeviceParameter> {
+  protected:
+    const std::string& getFactoryName() const override {
+        return std::get<PARAM_FACTORY_NAME>(GetParam());
+    }
+    const std::string& getDeviceName() const override {
+        return std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(GetParam());
+    }
+};
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ////////////////////// getService audio_devices_factory //////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-// Test all audio devices
-class AudioHidlTest : public AudioPolicyConfigTest {
-   public:
-     static void SetUpTestSuite() {
-         devicesFactory = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDevicesFactory>(
-                 environment->getServiceName<IDevicesFactory>());
-     }
-
-     static void TearDownTestSuite() { devicesFactory.clear(); }
-
-     void SetUp() override {
-         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioPolicyConfigTest::SetUp());  // setup base
-         // Failures during SetUpTestSuite do not cause test termination.
-         ASSERT_TRUE(devicesFactory != nullptr);
-     }
-
-   protected:
-    // Cache the devicesFactory retrieval to speed up each test by ~0.5s
-    static sp<IDevicesFactory> devicesFactory;
-
-    static bool isPrimaryDeviceOptional() {
-        // It's OK not to have "primary" device on non-default audio HAL service.
-        return environment->getServiceName<IDevicesFactory>() != kDefaultServiceName;
+// Test audio devices factory
+class AudioHidlTest : public AudioHidlTestWithDeviceParameter {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioHidlTestWithDeviceParameter::SetUp());  // setup base
+        ASSERT_TRUE(getDevicesFactory() != nullptr);
     }
 };
-sp<IDevicesFactory> AudioHidlTest::devicesFactory;
 
-TEST_F(AudioHidlTest, GetAudioDevicesFactoryService) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlTest, GetAudioDevicesFactoryService) {
     doc::test("Test the getService");
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioHidlTest, OpenDeviceInvalidParameter) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlTest, OpenDeviceInvalidParameter) {
     doc::test("Test passing an invalid parameter to openDevice");
     Result result;
     sp<IDevice> device;
@@ -252,82 +374,80 @@
 #elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
     auto invalidDevice = "Non existing device";
 #endif
-    ASSERT_OK(devicesFactory->openDevice(invalidDevice, returnIn(result, device)));
+    ASSERT_OK(getDevicesFactory()->openDevice(invalidDevice, returnIn(result, device)));
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, result);
     ASSERT_TRUE(device == nullptr);
 }
 
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AudioHidl, AudioHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForFactoryTests()),
+                        &DeviceParameterToString);
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////////////////////////// openDevice ///////////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Test all audio devices
+class AudioHidlDeviceTest : public AudioHidlTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioHidlTest::SetUp());  // setup base
+        ASSERT_TRUE(getDevice() != nullptr);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, OpenDevice) {
+    doc::test("Test openDevice (called during setup)");
+}
+
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, Init) {
+    doc::test("Test that the audio hal initialized correctly");
+    ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->initCheck());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AudioHidlDevice, AudioHidlDeviceTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()), &DeviceParameterToString);
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////// openDevice primary ///////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 // Test the primary device
-class AudioPrimaryHidlTest : public AudioHidlTest {
-   public:
-     static void SetUpTestSuite() {
-         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioHidlTest::SetUpTestSuite());
-         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(initPrimaryDevice());
-     }
-
-     static void TearDownTestSuite() {
-         device.clear();
-         AudioHidlTest::TearDownTestSuite();
-     }
-
+class AudioPrimaryHidlTest : public AudioHidlDeviceTest {
+  public:
     void SetUp() override {
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioHidlTest::SetUp());  // setup base
-        if (device == nullptr && isPrimaryDeviceOptional()) {
-            GTEST_SKIP() << "No primary device on this factory";
-        }
-        ASSERT_TRUE(device != nullptr);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioHidlDeviceTest::SetUp());  // setup base
+        ASSERT_TRUE(getDevice() != nullptr);
     }
 
-   protected:
-    // Cache the device opening to speed up each test by ~0.5s
-    static sp<IPrimaryDevice> device;
-
-    static void initPrimaryDevice() {
-        // Failures during test suite set up do not cause test termination.
-        ASSERT_TRUE(devicesFactory != nullptr);
-        Result result;
-#if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
-        sp<IDevice> baseDevice;
-        ASSERT_OK(devicesFactory->openDevice(IDevicesFactory::Device::PRIMARY,
-                                             returnIn(result, baseDevice)));
-        ASSERT_OK(result);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(baseDevice != nullptr);
-
-        device = IPrimaryDevice::castFrom(baseDevice);
-#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
-        ASSERT_OK(devicesFactory->openPrimaryDevice(returnIn(result, device)));
-        ASSERT_OK(result);
-#endif
+  protected:
+    sp<IPrimaryDevice> getDevice() const {
+        return DeviceManager::getInstance().getPrimary(getFactoryName());
     }
 };
-sp<IPrimaryDevice> AudioPrimaryHidlTest::device;
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, OpenPrimaryDevice) {
-    doc::test("Test the openDevice (called during setup)");
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, OpenPrimaryDevice) {
+    doc::test("Test openPrimaryDevice (called during setup)");
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, Init) {
-    doc::test("Test that the audio primary hal initialized correctly");
-    ASSERT_OK(device->initCheck());
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AudioPrimaryHidl, AudioPrimaryHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                        &DeviceParameterToString);
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///////////////////// {set,get}{Master,Mic}{Mute,Volume} /////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-template <class Property>
-class AccessorPrimaryHidlTest : public AudioPrimaryHidlTest {
-   protected:
+template <class Property, class BaseTestClass = AudioHidlDeviceTest>
+class AccessorHidlTest : public BaseTestClass {
+  protected:
     enum Optionality { REQUIRED, OPTIONAL };
     struct Initial {  // Initial property value
         Initial(Property value, Optionality check = REQUIRED) : value(value), check(check) {}
         Property value;
         Optionality check;  // If this initial value should be checked
     };
+    using BaseTestClass::res;
     /** Test a property getter and setter.
      *  The getter and/or the setter may return NOT_SUPPORTED if optionality == OPTIONAL.
      */
@@ -339,7 +459,7 @@
                                       optionality == OPTIONAL ? Result::NOT_SUPPORTED : Result::OK};
 
         Property initialValue = expectedInitial.value;
-        ASSERT_OK((device.get()->*getter)(returnIn(res, initialValue)));
+        ASSERT_OK((BaseTestClass::getDevice().get()->*getter)(returnIn(res, initialValue)));
         ASSERT_RESULT(expectedResults, res);
         if (res == Result::OK && expectedInitial.check == REQUIRED) {
             EXPECT_EQ(expectedInitial.value, initialValue);
@@ -350,7 +470,7 @@
         for (Property setValue : valuesToTest) {
             SCOPED_TRACE("Test " + propertyName + " getter and setter for " +
                          testing::PrintToString(setValue));
-            auto ret = (device.get()->*setter)(setValue);
+            auto ret = (BaseTestClass::getDevice().get()->*setter)(setValue);
             ASSERT_RESULT(expectedResults, ret);
             if (ret == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
                 doc::partialTest(propertyName + " setter is not supported");
@@ -358,7 +478,7 @@
             }
             Property getValue;
             // Make sure the getter returns the same value just set
-            ASSERT_OK((device.get()->*getter)(returnIn(res, getValue)));
+            ASSERT_OK((BaseTestClass::getDevice().get()->*getter)(returnIn(res, getValue)));
             ASSERT_RESULT(expectedResults, res);
             if (res == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
                 doc::partialTest(propertyName + " getter is not supported");
@@ -370,31 +490,40 @@
         for (Property invalidValue : invalidValues) {
             SCOPED_TRACE("Try to set " + propertyName + " with the invalid value " +
                          testing::PrintToString(invalidValue));
-            EXPECT_RESULT(invalidArgsOrNotSupported, (device.get()->*setter)(invalidValue));
+            EXPECT_RESULT(invalidArgsOrNotSupported,
+                          (BaseTestClass::getDevice().get()->*setter)(invalidValue));
         }
 
         // Restore initial value
-        EXPECT_RESULT(expectedResults, (device.get()->*setter)(initialValue));
+        EXPECT_RESULT(expectedResults, (BaseTestClass::getDevice().get()->*setter)(initialValue));
     }
 };
 
-using BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest = AccessorPrimaryHidlTest<bool>;
+using BoolAccessorHidlTest = AccessorHidlTest<bool>;
+using BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest = AccessorHidlTest<bool, AudioPrimaryHidlTest>;
 
-TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, MicMuteTest) {
+TEST_P(BoolAccessorHidlTest, MicMuteTest) {
     doc::test("Check that the mic can be muted and unmuted");
-    testAccessors("mic mute", Initial{false}, {true}, &IDevice::setMicMute, &IDevice::getMicMute);
+    testAccessors<OPTIONAL>("mic mute", Initial{false}, {true}, &IDevice::setMicMute,
+                            &IDevice::getMicMute);
     // TODO: check that the mic is really muted (all sample are 0)
 }
 
-TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, MasterMuteTest) {
+TEST_P(BoolAccessorHidlTest, MasterMuteTest) {
     doc::test("If master mute is supported, try to mute and unmute the master output");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>("master mute", Initial{false}, {true}, &IDevice::setMasterMute,
                             &IDevice::getMasterMute);
     // TODO: check that the master volume is really muted
 }
 
-using FloatAccessorPrimaryHidlTest = AccessorPrimaryHidlTest<float>;
-TEST_F(FloatAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, MasterVolumeTest) {
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BoolAccessorHidl, BoolAccessorHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()), &DeviceParameterToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidl, BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                        &DeviceParameterToString);
+
+using FloatAccessorHidlTest = AccessorHidlTest<float>;
+TEST_P(FloatAccessorHidlTest, MasterVolumeTest) {
     doc::test("Test the master volume if supported");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>(
         "master volume", Initial{1}, {0, 0.5}, &IDevice::setMasterVolume, &IDevice::getMasterVolume,
@@ -402,121 +531,135 @@
     // TODO: check that the master volume is really changed
 }
 
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FloatAccessorHidl, FloatAccessorHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()), &DeviceParameterToString);
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////// AudioPatches ////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-class AudioPatchPrimaryHidlTest : public AudioPrimaryHidlTest {
-   protected:
-     bool areAudioPatchesSupported() { return extract(device->supportsAudioPatches()); }
+class AudioPatchHidlTest : public AudioHidlDeviceTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AudioHidlDeviceTest::SetUp());  // setup base
+        if (!areAudioPatchesSupported()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Audio patches are not supported";
+        }
+    }
 };
 
-TEST_F(AudioPatchPrimaryHidlTest, AudioPatches) {
+TEST_P(AudioPatchHidlTest, AudioPatches) {
     doc::test("Test if audio patches are supported");
-    if (!areAudioPatchesSupported()) {
-        doc::partialTest("Audio patches are not supported");
-        return;
-    }
     // TODO: test audio patches
 }
 
-//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//////////////// Required and recommended audio format support ///////////////
-// From:
-// https://source.android.com/compatibility/android-cdd.html#5_4_audio_recording
-// From:
-// https://source.android.com/compatibility/android-cdd.html#5_5_audio_playback
-/////////// TODO: move to the beginning of the file for easier update ////////
-//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AudioPatchHidl, AudioPatchHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()), &DeviceParameterToString);
 
-class AudioConfigPrimaryTest : public AudioPatchPrimaryHidlTest {
-   public:
-    // for retro compatibility only test the primary device IN_BUILTIN_MIC
-    // FIXME: in the next audio HAL version, test all available devices
-    static bool primaryHasMic() {
-        auto& policyConfig = getCachedPolicyConfig();
-        if (policyConfig.getStatus() != OK || policyConfig.getPrimaryModule() == nullptr) {
-            return true;  // Could not get the information, run all tests
-        }
-        auto getMic = [](auto& devs) { return devs.getDevice(
-                AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUILTIN_MIC, {}, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT); };
-        auto primaryMic = getMic(policyConfig.getPrimaryModule()->getDeclaredDevices());
-        auto availableMic = getMic(policyConfig.getAvailableInputDevices());
+// Nesting a tuple in another tuple allows to use GTest Combine function to generate
+// all combinations of devices and configs.
+enum { PARAM_DEVICE, PARAM_CONFIG, PARAM_FLAGS };
+enum { INDEX_INPUT, INDEX_OUTPUT };
+using DeviceConfigParameter =
+        std::tuple<DeviceParameter, AudioConfig, std::variant<AudioInputFlag, AudioOutputFlag>>;
 
-        return primaryMic != nullptr && primaryMic->equals(availableMic);
-    }
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+const std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter>& getInputDeviceConfigParameters();
+const std::vector<DeviceConfigParameter>& getOutputDeviceConfigParameters();
+#endif
 
-    // Cache result ?
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRequiredSupportPlaybackAudioConfig() {
-        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::OUT_STEREO, AudioChannelMask::OUT_MONO},
-                                  {8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, 44100},
-                                  {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
+static string SanitizeStringForGTestName(const string& s) {
+    string result = s;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
+        // gtest test names must only contain alphanumeric characters
+        if (!std::isalnum(result[i])) result[i] = '_';
     }
-
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRecommendedSupportPlaybackAudioConfig() {
-        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::OUT_STEREO, AudioChannelMask::OUT_MONO},
-                                  {24000, 48000}, {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
-    }
-
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> getSupportedPlaybackAudioConfig() {
-        // TODO: retrieve audio config supported by the platform
-        // as declared in the policy configuration
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRequiredSupportCaptureAudioConfig() {
-        if (!primaryHasMic()) return {};
-        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::IN_MONO}, {8000, 11025, 16000, 44100},
-                                  {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
-    }
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRecommendedSupportCaptureAudioConfig() {
-        if (!primaryHasMic()) return {};
-        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::IN_STEREO}, {22050, 48000},
-                                  {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
-    }
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> getSupportedCaptureAudioConfig() {
-        // TODO: retrieve audio config supported by the platform
-        // as declared in the policy configuration
-        return {};
-    }
-
-   private:
-    static const vector<AudioConfig> combineAudioConfig(vector<AudioChannelMask> channelMasks,
-                                                        vector<uint32_t> sampleRates,
-                                                        vector<AudioFormat> formats) {
-        vector<AudioConfig> configs;
-        for (auto channelMask : channelMasks) {
-            for (auto sampleRate : sampleRates) {
-                for (auto format : formats) {
-                    AudioConfig config{};
-                    // leave offloadInfo to 0
-                    config.channelMask = mkEnumBitfield(channelMask);
-                    config.sampleRateHz = sampleRate;
-                    config.format = format;
-                    // FIXME: leave frameCount to 0 ?
-                    configs.push_back(config);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return configs;
-    }
-};
+    return result;
+}
+#endif
 
 /** Generate a test name based on an audio config.
  *
  * As the only parameter changing are channel mask and sample rate,
  * only print those ones in the test name.
  */
-static string generateTestName(const testing::TestParamInfo<AudioConfig>& info) {
-    const AudioConfig& config = info.param;
-    return to_string(info.index) + "__" + to_string(config.sampleRateHz) + "_" +
+static string DeviceConfigParameterToString(
+        const testing::TestParamInfo<DeviceConfigParameter>& info) {
+    const AudioConfig& config = std::get<PARAM_CONFIG>(info.param);
+    const auto deviceName = DeviceParameterToString(::testing::TestParamInfo<DeviceParameter>{
+            std::get<PARAM_DEVICE>(info.param), info.index});
+    return (deviceName.empty() ? "" : deviceName + "_") + to_string(info.index) + "__" +
+           to_string(config.sampleRateHz) + "_" +
            // "MONO" is more clear than "FRONT_LEFT"
            ((config.channelMask == mkEnumBitfield(AudioChannelMask::OUT_MONO) ||
              config.channelMask == mkEnumBitfield(AudioChannelMask::IN_MONO))
-                ? "MONO"
-                : ::testing::PrintToString(config.channelMask));
+                    ? "MONO"
+#if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
+                    : ::testing::PrintToString(config.channelMask)
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
+                    // In V4 and above the channel mask is a bitfield.
+                    // Printing its value using HIDL's toString for a bitfield emits a lot of extra
+                    // text due to overlapping constant values. Instead, we print the bitfield value
+                    // as if it was a single value + its hex representation
+                    : SanitizeStringForGTestName(
+                              ::testing::PrintToString(AudioChannelMask(config.channelMask)) + "_" +
+                              toHexString(config.channelMask))
+#endif
+                    ) +
+           "_" +
+#if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
+           std::visit([](auto&& arg) -> std::string { return ::testing::PrintToString(arg); },
+                      std::get<PARAM_FLAGS>(info.param));
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
+           SanitizeStringForGTestName(std::visit(
+                   [](auto&& arg) -> std::string {
+                       using T = std::decay_t<decltype(arg)>;
+                       // Need to use FQN of toString to avoid confusing the compiler
+                       return ::android::hardware::audio::common::CPP_VERSION::toString<T>(
+                               hidl_bitfield<T>(arg));
+                   },
+                   std::get<PARAM_FLAGS>(info.param)));
+#endif
 }
 
+class AudioHidlTestWithDeviceConfigParameter
+    : public HidlTest,
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<DeviceConfigParameter> {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(HidlTest::SetUp());  // setup base
+        ASSERT_TRUE(getDevicesFactory() != nullptr);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(getDevice() != nullptr);
+    }
+    const std::string& getFactoryName() const override {
+        return std::get<PARAM_FACTORY_NAME>(std::get<PARAM_DEVICE>(GetParam()));
+    }
+    const std::string& getDeviceName() const override {
+        return std::get<PARAM_DEVICE_NAME>(std::get<PARAM_DEVICE>(GetParam()));
+    }
+    const AudioConfig& getConfig() const { return std::get<PARAM_CONFIG>(GetParam()); }
+#if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
+    AudioInputFlag getInputFlags() const {
+        return std::get<INDEX_INPUT>(std::get<PARAM_FLAGS>(GetParam()));
+    }
+    AudioOutputFlag getOutputFlags() const {
+        return std::get<INDEX_OUTPUT>(std::get<PARAM_FLAGS>(GetParam()));
+    }
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
+    hidl_bitfield<AudioInputFlag> getInputFlags() const {
+        return hidl_bitfield<AudioInputFlag>(
+                std::get<INDEX_INPUT>(std::get<PARAM_FLAGS>(GetParam())));
+    }
+    hidl_bitfield<AudioOutputFlag> getOutputFlags() const {
+        return hidl_bitfield<AudioOutputFlag>(
+                std::get<INDEX_OUTPUT>(std::get<PARAM_FLAGS>(GetParam())));
+    }
+#endif
+};
+
+#include "ConfigHelper.h"
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///////////////////////////// getInputBufferSize /////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -525,12 +668,11 @@
 // android.hardware.microphone
 //        how to get this value ? is it a property ???
 
-class AudioCaptureConfigPrimaryTest : public AudioConfigPrimaryTest,
-                                      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<AudioConfig> {
-   protected:
+class AudioCaptureConfigTest : public AudioHidlTestWithDeviceConfigParameter {
+  protected:
     void inputBufferSizeTest(const AudioConfig& audioConfig, bool supportRequired) {
         uint64_t bufferSize;
-        ASSERT_OK(device->getInputBufferSize(audioConfig, returnIn(res, bufferSize)));
+        ASSERT_OK(getDevice()->getInputBufferSize(audioConfig, returnIn(res, bufferSize)));
 
         switch (res) {
             case Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS:
@@ -549,44 +691,60 @@
 
 // Test that the required capture config and those declared in the policy are
 // indeed supported
-class RequiredInputBufferSizeTest : public AudioCaptureConfigPrimaryTest {};
+class RequiredInputBufferSizeTest : public AudioCaptureConfigTest {};
 TEST_P(RequiredInputBufferSizeTest, RequiredInputBufferSizeTest) {
     doc::test(
         "Input buffer size must be retrievable for a format with required "
         "support.");
-    inputBufferSizeTest(GetParam(), true);
+    inputBufferSizeTest(getConfig(), true);
 }
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    RequiredInputBufferSize, RequiredInputBufferSizeTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getRequiredSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    SupportedInputBufferSize, RequiredInputBufferSizeTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getSupportedCaptureAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
 
 // Test that the recommended capture config are supported or lead to a
 // INVALID_ARGUMENTS return
-class OptionalInputBufferSizeTest : public AudioCaptureConfigPrimaryTest {};
+class OptionalInputBufferSizeTest : public AudioCaptureConfigTest {};
 TEST_P(OptionalInputBufferSizeTest, OptionalInputBufferSizeTest) {
     doc::test(
-        "Input buffer size should be retrievable for a format with recommended "
-        "support.");
-    inputBufferSizeTest(GetParam(), false);
+            "Input buffer size should be retrievable for a format with recommended "
+            "support.");
+    inputBufferSizeTest(getConfig(), false);
 }
+
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+// For V2..5 test the primary device according to CDD requirements.
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    RecommendedCaptureAudioConfigSupport, OptionalInputBufferSizeTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getRecommendedSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
+        RequiredInputBufferSize, RequiredInputBufferSizeTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getRequiredSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
+                ::testing::Values(AudioInputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        SupportedInputBufferSize, RequiredInputBufferSizeTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()),
+                           ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getSupportedCaptureAudioConfig()),
+                           ::testing::Values(AudioInputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        RecommendedCaptureAudioConfigSupport, OptionalInputBufferSizeTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getRecommendedSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
+                ::testing::Values(AudioInputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(SupportedInputBufferSize, RequiredInputBufferSizeTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getInputDeviceConfigParameters()),
+                        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+#endif
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////// setScreenState ///////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setScreenState) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, setScreenState) {
     doc::test("Check that the hal can receive the screen state");
     for (bool turnedOn : {false, true, true, false, false}) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, device->setScreenState(turnedOn));
+        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, getDevice()->setScreenState(turnedOn));
     }
 }
 
@@ -594,15 +752,16 @@
 //////////////////////////// {get,set}Parameters /////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, getParameters) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, getParameters) {
     doc::test("Check that the hal can set and get parameters");
     hidl_vec<ParameterValue> context;
     hidl_vec<hidl_string> keys;
     hidl_vec<ParameterValue> values;
-    ASSERT_OK(Parameters::get(device, keys, returnIn(res, values)));
-    ASSERT_OK(Parameters::set(device, values));
+    ASSERT_OK(Parameters::get(getDevice(), keys, returnIn(res, values)));
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, res);
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, Parameters::set(getDevice(), values));
     values.resize(0);
-    ASSERT_OK(Parameters::set(device, values));
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, Parameters::set(getDevice(), values));
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -643,14 +802,14 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fds[1])) << errno;
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, DebugDump) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, DebugDump) {
     doc::test("Check that the hal can dump its state without error");
-    testDebugDump([](const auto& handle) { return dump(device, handle); });
+    testDebugDump([this](const auto& handle) { return dump(getDevice(), handle); });
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, DebugDumpInvalidArguments) {
+TEST_P(AudioHidlDeviceTest, DebugDumpInvalidArguments) {
     doc::test("Check that the hal dump doesn't crash on invalid arguments");
-    ASSERT_OK(dump(device, hidl_handle()));
+    ASSERT_OK(dump(getDevice(), hidl_handle()));
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -658,9 +817,8 @@
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 template <class Stream>
-class OpenStreamTest : public AudioConfigPrimaryTest,
-                       public ::testing::WithParamInterface<AudioConfig> {
-   protected:
+class OpenStreamTest : public AudioHidlTestWithDeviceConfigParameter {
+  protected:
     template <class Open>
     void testOpen(Open openStream, const AudioConfig& config) {
         // FIXME: Open a stream without an IOHandle
@@ -701,7 +859,7 @@
         return res;
     }
 
-    void waitForStreamDestruction() {
+    static void waitForStreamDestruction() {
         // FIXME: there is no way to know when the remote IStream is being destroyed
         //        Binder does not support testing if an object is alive, thus
         //        wait for 100ms to let the binder destruction propagates and
@@ -712,12 +870,12 @@
         usleep(100 * 1000);
     }
 
-   private:
+  private:
     void TearDown() override {
         if (open) {
             ASSERT_OK(closeStream());
         }
-        AudioConfigPrimaryTest::TearDown();
+        AudioHidlTestWithDeviceConfigParameter::TearDown();
     }
 
    protected:
@@ -732,20 +890,19 @@
 class OutputStreamTest : public OpenStreamTest<IStreamOut> {
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(OpenStreamTest::SetUp());  // setup base
-        if (IsSkipped()) return;                           // do not attempt to use 'device'
         address.device = AudioDevice::OUT_DEFAULT;
-        const AudioConfig& config = GetParam();
-        // TODO: test all flag combination
-        auto flags = mkEnumBitfield(AudioOutputFlag::NONE);
+        const AudioConfig& config = getConfig();
+        auto flags = getOutputFlags();
         testOpen(
-            [&](AudioIoHandle handle, AudioConfig config, auto cb) {
+                [&](AudioIoHandle handle, AudioConfig config, auto cb) {
 #if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
-                return device->openOutputStream(handle, address, config, flags, cb);
+                    return getDevice()->openOutputStream(handle, address, config, flags, cb);
 #elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
-                return device->openOutputStream(handle, address, config, flags, initMetadata, cb);
+                    return getDevice()->openOutputStream(handle, address, config, flags,
+                                                         initMetadata, cb);
 #endif
-            },
-            config);
+                },
+                config);
     }
 #if MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
 
@@ -762,35 +919,52 @@
         "recommended config");
     // Open done in SetUp
 }
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    RequiredOutputStreamConfigSupport, OutputStreamTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getRequiredSupportPlaybackAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    SupportedOutputStreamConfig, OutputStreamTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getSupportedPlaybackAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+// For V2..5 test the primary device according to CDD requirements.
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    RecommendedOutputStreamConfigSupport, OutputStreamTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getRecommendedSupportPlaybackAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
+        RequiredOutputStreamConfigSupport, OutputStreamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getRequiredSupportPlaybackAudioConfig()),
+                ::testing::Values(AudioOutputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        SupportedOutputStreamConfig, OutputStreamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()),
+                           ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getSupportedPlaybackAudioConfig()),
+                           ::testing::Values(AudioOutputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        RecommendedOutputStreamConfigSupport, OutputStreamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getRecommendedSupportPlaybackAudioConfig()),
+                ::testing::Values(AudioOutputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+// For V6 and above test according to the audio policy manager configuration.
+// This is more correct as CDD is written from the apps perspective.
+// Audio system provides necessary format conversions for the missing configurations.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DeclaredOutputStreamConfigSupport, OutputStreamTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getOutputDeviceConfigParameters()),
+                        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+#endif
 
 ////////////////////////////// openInputStream //////////////////////////////
 
 class InputStreamTest : public OpenStreamTest<IStreamIn> {
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(OpenStreamTest::SetUp());  // setup base
-        if (IsSkipped()) return;                           // do not attempt to use 'device'
         address.device = AudioDevice::IN_DEFAULT;
-        const AudioConfig& config = GetParam();
-        // TODO: test all supported flags and source
-        auto flags = mkEnumBitfield(AudioInputFlag::NONE);
+        const AudioConfig& config = getConfig();
+        auto flags = getInputFlags();
         testOpen(
-            [&](AudioIoHandle handle, AudioConfig config, auto cb) {
-                return device->openInputStream(handle, address, config, flags, initMetadata, cb);
-            },
-            config);
+                [&](AudioIoHandle handle, AudioConfig config, auto cb) {
+                    return getDevice()->openInputStream(handle, address, config, flags,
+                                                        initMetadata, cb);
+                },
+                config);
     }
 
    protected:
@@ -807,19 +981,36 @@
         "recommended config");
     // Open done in setup
 }
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+// For V2..5 test the primary device according to CDD requirements.
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    RequiredInputStreamConfigSupport, InputStreamTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getRequiredSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
+        RequiredInputStreamConfigSupport, InputStreamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getRequiredSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
+                ::testing::Values(AudioInputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    SupportedInputStreamConfig, InputStreamTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getSupportedCaptureAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
-
+        SupportedInputStreamConfig, InputStreamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParameters()),
+                           ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getSupportedCaptureAudioConfig()),
+                           ::testing::Values(AudioInputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    RecommendedInputStreamConfigSupport, InputStreamTest,
-    ::testing::ValuesIn(AudioConfigPrimaryTest::getRecommendedSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
-    &generateTestName);
+        RecommendedInputStreamConfigSupport, InputStreamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                ::testing::ValuesIn(ConfigHelper::getRecommendedSupportCaptureAudioConfig()),
+                ::testing::Values(AudioInputFlag::NONE)),
+        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+// For V6 and above test according to the audio policy manager configuration.
+// This is more correct as CDD is written from the apps perspective.
+// Audio system provides necessary format conversions for the missing configurations.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DeclaredInputStreamConfigSupport, InputStreamTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getInputDeviceConfigParameters()),
+                        &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+#endif
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ////////////////////////////// IStream getters ///////////////////////////////
@@ -1332,35 +1523,39 @@
 /////////////////////////////// PrimaryDevice ////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setVoiceVolume) {
+TEST_P(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setVoiceVolume) {
     doc::test("Make sure setVoiceVolume only succeed if volume is in [0,1]");
-    testUnitaryGain([](float volume) { return device->setVoiceVolume(volume); });
+    testUnitaryGain([this](float volume) { return getDevice()->setVoiceVolume(volume); });
 }
 
-TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, BtScoNrecEnabled) {
+TEST_P(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, BtScoNrecEnabled) {
     doc::test("Query and set the BT SCO NR&EC state");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>("BtScoNrecEnabled", Initial{false, OPTIONAL}, {true},
                             &IPrimaryDevice::setBtScoNrecEnabled,
                             &IPrimaryDevice::getBtScoNrecEnabled);
 }
 
-TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetBtScoWidebandEnabled) {
+TEST_P(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetBtScoWidebandEnabled) {
     doc::test("Query and set the SCO whideband state");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>("BtScoWideband", Initial{false, OPTIONAL}, {true},
                             &IPrimaryDevice::setBtScoWidebandEnabled,
                             &IPrimaryDevice::getBtScoWidebandEnabled);
 }
 
-using TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest = AccessorPrimaryHidlTest<IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode>;
-TEST_F(TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetTtyMode) {
+using TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest =
+        AccessorHidlTest<IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode, AudioPrimaryHidlTest>;
+TEST_P(TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetTtyMode) {
     doc::test("Query and set the TTY mode state");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>(
         "TTY mode", Initial{IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode::OFF},
         {IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode::HCO, IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode::VCO, IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode::FULL},
         &IPrimaryDevice::setTtyMode, &IPrimaryDevice::getTtyMode);
 }
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidl, TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(getDeviceParametersForPrimaryDeviceTests()),
+                        &DeviceParameterToString);
 
-TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetHac) {
+TEST_P(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetHac) {
     doc::test("Query and set the HAC state");
     testAccessors<OPTIONAL>("HAC", Initial{false}, {true}, &IPrimaryDevice::setHacEnabled,
                             &IPrimaryDevice::getHacEnabled);
@@ -1372,9 +1567,13 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     environment = new AudioHidlTestEnvironment;
+    // For V2..5 it's critical to initialize environment before GTest.
+    // The environment parses the service name from the command line,
+    // then it can be used in GTest parameter generators which are
+    // initialized during the call to InitGoogleTest.
+    environment->init(&argc, argv);
     ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(environment);
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    environment->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     return status;
 }
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/ConfigHelper.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/ConfigHelper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48aae8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/ConfigHelper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Code in this file uses 'getCachedPolicyConfig'
+#ifndef AUDIO_PRIMARY_HIDL_HAL_TEST
+#error Must be included from AudioPrimaryHidlTest.h
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////// Required and recommended audio format support ///////////////
+// From:
+// https://source.android.com/compatibility/android-cdd.html#5_4_audio_recording
+// From:
+// https://source.android.com/compatibility/android-cdd.html#5_5_audio_playback
+/////////// TODO: move to the beginning of the file for easier update ////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct ConfigHelper {
+    // for retro compatibility only test the primary device IN_BUILTIN_MIC
+    // FIXME: in the next audio HAL version, test all available devices
+    static bool primaryHasMic() {
+        auto& policyConfig = getCachedPolicyConfig();
+        if (policyConfig.getStatus() != OK || policyConfig.getPrimaryModule() == nullptr) {
+            return true;  // Could not get the information, run all tests
+        }
+        auto getMic = [](auto& devs) {
+            return devs.getDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUILTIN_MIC, {}, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+        };
+        auto primaryMic = getMic(policyConfig.getPrimaryModule()->getDeclaredDevices());
+        auto availableMic = getMic(policyConfig.getAvailableInputDevices());
+
+        return primaryMic != nullptr && primaryMic->equals(availableMic);
+    }
+
+    // Cache result ?
+    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRequiredSupportPlaybackAudioConfig() {
+        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::OUT_STEREO, AudioChannelMask::OUT_MONO},
+                                  {8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, 44100},
+                                  {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
+    }
+
+    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRecommendedSupportPlaybackAudioConfig() {
+        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::OUT_STEREO, AudioChannelMask::OUT_MONO},
+                                  {24000, 48000}, {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
+    }
+
+    static const vector<AudioConfig> getSupportedPlaybackAudioConfig() {
+        // TODO: retrieve audio config supported by the platform
+        // as declared in the policy configuration
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRequiredSupportCaptureAudioConfig() {
+        if (!primaryHasMic()) return {};
+        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::IN_MONO}, {8000, 11025, 16000, 44100},
+                                  {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
+    }
+    static const vector<AudioConfig> getRecommendedSupportCaptureAudioConfig() {
+        if (!primaryHasMic()) return {};
+        return combineAudioConfig({AudioChannelMask::IN_STEREO}, {22050, 48000},
+                                  {AudioFormat::PCM_16_BIT});
+    }
+    static const vector<AudioConfig> getSupportedCaptureAudioConfig() {
+        // TODO: retrieve audio config supported by the platform
+        // as declared in the policy configuration
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    static vector<AudioConfig> combineAudioConfig(vector<audio_channel_mask_t> channelMasks,
+                                                  vector<uint32_t> sampleRates,
+                                                  audio_format_t format) {
+        vector<AudioConfig> configs;
+        configs.reserve(channelMasks.size() * sampleRates.size());
+        for (auto channelMask : channelMasks) {
+            for (auto sampleRate : sampleRates) {
+                AudioConfig config{};
+                // leave offloadInfo to 0
+                config.channelMask = EnumBitfield<AudioChannelMask>(channelMask);
+                config.sampleRateHz = sampleRate;
+                config.format = AudioFormat(format);
+                configs.push_back(config);
+            }
+        }
+        return configs;
+    }
+
+    static vector<AudioConfig> combineAudioConfig(vector<AudioChannelMask> channelMasks,
+                                                  vector<uint32_t> sampleRates,
+                                                  vector<AudioFormat> formats) {
+        vector<AudioConfig> configs;
+        configs.reserve(channelMasks.size() * sampleRates.size() * formats.size());
+        for (auto channelMask : channelMasks) {
+            for (auto sampleRate : sampleRates) {
+                for (auto format : formats) {
+                    AudioConfig config{};
+                    // leave offloadInfo to 0
+                    config.channelMask = mkEnumBitfield(channelMask);
+                    config.sampleRateHz = sampleRate;
+                    config.format = format;
+                    // FIXME: leave frameCount to 0 ?
+                    configs.push_back(config);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return configs;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/DeviceManager.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/DeviceManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6e2db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/DeviceManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Code in this file uses 'environment'
+#ifndef AUDIO_PRIMARY_HIDL_HAL_TEST
+#error Must be included from AudioPrimaryHidlTest.h
+#endif
+
+template <class Derived, class Key, class Interface>
+class InterfaceManager {
+  public:
+    sp<Interface> get(const Key& name) {
+        auto existing = instances.find(name);
+        if (existing != instances.end()) return existing->second;
+        auto [inserted, _] = instances.emplace(name, Derived::createInterfaceInstance(name));
+        if (inserted->second) {
+            environment->registerTearDown([name]() { (void)Derived::getInstance().reset(name); });
+        }
+        return inserted->second;
+    }
+
+    // The test must check that reset was successful. Reset failure means that the test code
+    // is holding a strong reference to the device.
+    bool reset(const Key& name) __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) {
+        auto iter = instances.find(name);
+        if (iter == instances.end()) return true;
+        ::android::wp<Interface> weak = iter->second;
+        instances.erase(iter);
+        if (weak.promote() != nullptr) return false;
+        waitForInstanceDestruction();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static void waitForInstanceDestruction() {
+        // FIXME: there is no way to know when the remote IDevice is being destroyed
+        //        Binder does not support testing if an object is alive, thus
+        //        wait for 100ms to let the binder destruction propagates and
+        //        the remote device has the time to be destroyed.
+        //        flushCommand makes sure all local command are sent, thus should reduce
+        //        the latency between local and remote destruction.
+        IPCThreadState::self()->flushCommands();
+        usleep(100 * 1000);
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    std::map<Key, sp<Interface>> instances;
+};
+
+class DevicesFactoryManager
+    : public InterfaceManager<DevicesFactoryManager, std::string, IDevicesFactory> {
+  public:
+    static DevicesFactoryManager& getInstance() {
+        static DevicesFactoryManager instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+    static sp<IDevicesFactory> createInterfaceInstance(const std::string& name) {
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+        return ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDevicesFactory>(name);
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+        return IDevicesFactory::getService(name);
+#endif
+    }
+};
+
+using FactoryAndDevice = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;
+class DeviceManager : public InterfaceManager<DeviceManager, FactoryAndDevice, IDevice> {
+  public:
+    static DeviceManager& getInstance() {
+        static DeviceManager instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+    static sp<IDevice> createInterfaceInstance(const FactoryAndDevice& factoryAndDevice) {
+        auto [factoryName, name] = factoryAndDevice;
+        sp<IDevicesFactory> factory = DevicesFactoryManager::getInstance().get(factoryName);
+        return name == kPrimaryDevice ? openPrimaryDevice(factory) : openDevice(factory, name);
+    }
+    using InterfaceManager::reset;
+
+    static constexpr const char* kPrimaryDevice = "primary";
+
+    sp<IDevice> get(const std::string& factoryName, const std::string& name) {
+        return InterfaceManager::get(std::make_tuple(factoryName, name));
+    }
+    sp<IPrimaryDevice> getPrimary(const std::string& factoryName) {
+        sp<IDevice> device = get(factoryName, kPrimaryDevice);
+        return device != nullptr ? IPrimaryDevice::castFrom(device) : nullptr;
+    }
+    bool reset(const std::string& factoryName, const std::string& name)
+            __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) {
+        return InterfaceManager::reset(std::make_tuple(factoryName, name));
+    }
+    bool resetPrimary(const std::string& factoryName) __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) {
+        return reset(factoryName, kPrimaryDevice);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    static sp<IDevice> openDevice(const sp<IDevicesFactory>& factory, const std::string& name) {
+        if (factory == nullptr) return nullptr;
+        sp<IDevice> device;
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
+        Result result;
+        auto ret = factory->openDevice(name, returnIn(result, device));
+        if (!ret.isOk() || result != Result::OK || device == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("Device %s can not be opened, transaction: %s, result %d, device %p",
+                  name.c_str(), ret.description().c_str(), result, device.get());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+#else
+        (void)name;
+#endif
+        return device;
+    }
+
+    static sp<IDevice> openPrimaryDevice(const sp<IDevicesFactory>& factory) {
+        if (factory == nullptr) return nullptr;
+        Result result;
+        sp<IDevice> device;
+#if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
+        auto ret = factory->openDevice(IDevicesFactory::Device::PRIMARY, returnIn(result, device));
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 4
+        auto ret = factory->openPrimaryDevice(returnIn(result, device));
+#endif
+        if (!ret.isOk() || result != Result::OK || device == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("Primary device can not be opened, transaction: %s, result %d, device %p",
+                  ret.description().c_str(), result, device.get());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return device;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp b/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
index c4c7f7c..3c712b5 100644
--- a/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,14 @@
 
 #include <common/all-versions/VersionUtils.h>
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+#endif
 
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_handle;
@@ -49,6 +55,11 @@
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
 #endif
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
+// For HAL versions 2..5 Vts Environment and Test base classes are used.
+// The tests are non-parametrized.
+#define EFFECT_TEST TEST_F
+
 // Test environment for Audio Effects Factory HIDL HAL.
 class AudioEffectsFactoryHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
    public:
@@ -71,6 +82,18 @@
         ASSERT_NE(effectsFactory, nullptr);
     }
 
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+// For HAL version 6 and above, standard GTest Environment and Test base classes are used.
+// The tests are parametrized by the IEffectsFactory instance name.
+#define EFFECT_TEST TEST_P
+
+class AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        effectsFactory = IEffectsFactory::getService(GetParam());
+        ASSERT_NE(effectsFactory, nullptr);
+    }
+#endif  // The rest of the AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest class definition is the same.
     void TearDown() override { effectsFactory.clear(); }
 
    protected:
@@ -81,7 +104,7 @@
     sp<IEffectsFactory> effectsFactory;
 };
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, EnumerateEffects) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, EnumerateEffects) {
     description("Verify that EnumerateEffects returns at least one effect");
     Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
     size_t effectCount = 0;
@@ -95,7 +118,7 @@
     EXPECT_GT(effectCount, 0u);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, CreateEffect) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, CreateEffect) {
     description("Verify that an effect can be created via CreateEffect");
     bool gotEffect = false;
     Uuid effectUuid;
@@ -123,7 +146,7 @@
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, effect.get());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, GetDescriptor) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, GetDescriptor) {
     description(
         "Verify that effects factory can provide an effect descriptor via "
         "GetDescriptor");
@@ -146,7 +169,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, DebugDumpInvalidArgument) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest, DebugDumpInvalidArgument) {
     description("Verify that debugDump doesn't crash on invalid arguments");
 #if MAJOR_VERSION == 2
     Return<void> ret = effectsFactory->debugDump(hidl_handle());
@@ -168,10 +191,17 @@
     std::array<uint8_t, 6>{{0x11, 0x26, 0x0e, 0xb6, 0x3c, 0xf1}}};
 
 // The main test class for Audio Effect HIDL HAL.
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
 class AudioEffectHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     void SetUp() override {
         effectsFactory = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IEffectsFactory>();
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+class AudioEffectHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        effectsFactory = IEffectsFactory::getService(GetParam());
+#endif
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, effectsFactory.get());
 
         findAndCreateEffect(getEffectType());
@@ -250,14 +280,14 @@
         static_cast<audio_channel_mask_t>(currentConfig.outputCfg.channels));
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, Close) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, Close) {
     description("Verify that an effect can be closed");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->close();
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetDescriptor) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetDescriptor) {
     description("Verify that an effect can return its own descriptor via GetDescriptor");
     Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
     Uuid actualType;
@@ -272,7 +302,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(getEffectType(), actualType);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetConfig) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetConfig) {
     description(
         "Verify that it is possible to manipulate effect config via Get / "
         "SetConfig");
@@ -291,26 +321,26 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret2);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetConfigReverse) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetConfigReverse) {
     description("Verify that GetConfigReverse does not crash");
     Return<void> ret = effect->getConfigReverse([&](Result, const EffectConfig&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetSupportedAuxChannelsConfigs) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetSupportedAuxChannelsConfigs) {
     description("Verify that GetSupportedAuxChannelsConfigs does not crash");
     Return<void> ret = effect->getSupportedAuxChannelsConfigs(
         0, [&](Result, const hidl_vec<EffectAuxChannelsConfig>&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetAuxChannelsConfig) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetAuxChannelsConfig) {
     description("Verify that GetAuxChannelsConfig does not crash");
     Return<void> ret = effect->getAuxChannelsConfig([&](Result, const EffectAuxChannelsConfig&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAuxChannelsConfig) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAuxChannelsConfig) {
     description("Verify that SetAuxChannelsConfig does not crash");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setAuxChannelsConfig(EffectAuxChannelsConfig());
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
@@ -349,7 +379,7 @@
 }  // namespace hardware
 }  // namespace android
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, Reset) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, Reset) {
     description("Verify that Reset preserves effect configuration");
     Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
     EffectConfig originalConfig;
@@ -374,7 +404,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(originalConfig, configAfterReset);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, DisableEnableDisable) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, DisableEnableDisable) {
     description("Verify Disable -> Enable -> Disable sequence for an effect");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->disable();
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
@@ -387,14 +417,14 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetDevice) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetDevice) {
     description("Verify that SetDevice works for an output chain effect");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setDevice(mkEnumBitfield(AudioDevice::OUT_SPEAKER));
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAndGetVolume) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAndGetVolume) {
     description("Verify that SetAndGetVolume method works for an effect");
     uint32_t channelCount;
     getChannelCount(&channelCount);
@@ -410,7 +440,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, retval);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, VolumeChangeNotification) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, VolumeChangeNotification) {
     description("Verify that effect accepts VolumeChangeNotification");
     uint32_t channelCount;
     getChannelCount(&channelCount);
@@ -424,32 +454,32 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAudioMode) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAudioMode) {
     description("Verify that SetAudioMode works for an effect");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setAudioMode(AudioMode::NORMAL);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetConfigReverse) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetConfigReverse) {
     description("Verify that SetConfigReverse does not crash");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setConfigReverse(EffectConfig(), nullptr, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetInputDevice) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetInputDevice) {
     description("Verify that SetInputDevice does not crash");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setInputDevice(mkEnumBitfield(AudioDevice::IN_BUILTIN_MIC));
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAudioSource) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetAudioSource) {
     description("Verify that SetAudioSource does not crash");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setAudioSource(AudioSource::MIC);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, Offload) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, Offload) {
     description("Verify that calling Offload method does not crash");
     EffectOffloadParameter offloadParam;
     offloadParam.isOffload = false;
@@ -458,7 +488,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, PrepareForProcessing) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, PrepareForProcessing) {
     description("Verify that PrepareForProcessing method works for an effect");
     Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
     Return<void> ret = effect->prepareForProcessing(
@@ -467,7 +497,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, retval);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetProcessBuffers) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetProcessBuffers) {
     description("Verify that SetProcessBuffers works for an effect");
     sp<IAllocator> ashmem = IAllocator::getService("ashmem");
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, ashmem.get());
@@ -486,41 +516,41 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, ret2);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, Command) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, Command) {
     description("Verify that Command does not crash");
     Return<void> ret =
         effect->command(0, hidl_vec<uint8_t>(), 0, [&](int32_t, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetParameter) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetParameter) {
     description("Verify that SetParameter does not crash");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setParameter(hidl_vec<uint8_t>(), hidl_vec<uint8_t>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetParameter) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetParameter) {
     description("Verify that GetParameter does not crash");
     Return<void> ret =
         effect->getParameter(hidl_vec<uint8_t>(), 0, [&](Result, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetSupportedConfigsForFeature) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetSupportedConfigsForFeature) {
     description("Verify that GetSupportedConfigsForFeature does not crash");
     Return<void> ret = effect->getSupportedConfigsForFeature(
         0, 0, 0, [&](Result, uint32_t, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetCurrentConfigForFeature) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, GetCurrentConfigForFeature) {
     description("Verify that GetCurrentConfigForFeature does not crash");
     Return<void> ret =
         effect->getCurrentConfigForFeature(0, 0, [&](Result, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) {});
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetCurrentConfigForFeature) {
+EFFECT_TEST(AudioEffectHidlTest, SetCurrentConfigForFeature) {
     description("Verify that SetCurrentConfigForFeature does not crash");
     Return<Result> ret = effect->setCurrentConfigForFeature(0, hidl_vec<uint8_t>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
@@ -606,21 +636,21 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, retval);
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetNumBands) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetNumBands) {
     description("Verify that Equalizer effect reports at least one band");
     uint16_t numBands = 0;
     getNumBands(&numBands);
     EXPECT_GT(numBands, 0);
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetLevelRange) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetLevelRange) {
     description("Verify that Equalizer effect reports adequate band level range");
     int16_t minLevel = 0x7fff, maxLevel = 0;
     getLevelRange(&minLevel, &maxLevel);
     EXPECT_GT(maxLevel, minLevel);
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetBandLevel) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetBandLevel) {
     description("Verify that manipulating band levels works for Equalizer effect");
     uint16_t numBands = 0;
     getNumBands(&numBands);
@@ -649,7 +679,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetBandCenterFrequencyAndRange) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetBandCenterFrequencyAndRange) {
     description("Verify that Equalizer effect reports adequate band frequency range");
     uint16_t numBands = 0;
     getNumBands(&numBands);
@@ -664,7 +694,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetBandForFrequency) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetBandForFrequency) {
     description("Verify that Equalizer effect supports GetBandForFrequency correctly");
     uint16_t numBands = 0;
     getNumBands(&numBands);
@@ -693,14 +723,14 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetPresetNames) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetPresetNames) {
     description("Verify that Equalizer effect reports at least one preset");
     size_t presetCount;
     getPresetCount(&presetCount);
     EXPECT_GT(presetCount, 0u);
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetCurrentPreset) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetCurrentPreset) {
     description("Verify that manipulating the current preset for Equalizer effect");
     size_t presetCount;
     getPresetCount(&presetCount);
@@ -723,7 +753,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetAllProperties) {
+EFFECT_TEST(EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetAllProperties) {
     description(
         "Verify that setting band levels and presets works via Get / "
         "SetAllProperties for Equalizer effect");
@@ -787,7 +817,7 @@
     sp<ILoudnessEnhancerEffect> enhancer;
 };
 
-TEST_F(LoudnessEnhancerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetTargetGain) {
+EFFECT_TEST(LoudnessEnhancerAudioEffectHidlTest, GetSetTargetGain) {
     description(
         "Verify that manipulating the target gain works for Loudness Enhancer "
         "effect");
@@ -808,6 +838,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(gain, actualGain);
 }
 
+#if MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(AudioEffectsFactoryHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
@@ -816,3 +847,17 @@
     LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
     return status;
 }
+#elif MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        EffectsFactory, AudioEffectsFactoryHidlTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IEffectsFactory::descriptor)),
+        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        Equalizer, EqualizerAudioEffectHidlTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IEffectsFactory::descriptor)),
+        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        LoudnessEnhancer, LoudnessEnhancerAudioEffectHidlTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IEffectsFactory::descriptor)),
+        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+#endif
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/Android.bp
index 3fd0539..ed09859 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@
     whole_static_libs: ["android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0-manager-lib"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
+        "libjsoncpp",
         "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "libjsoncpp",
         "libqemu_pipe",
         "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0-libproto-native",
     ],
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@
     srcs: ["VehicleService.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
+        "libjsoncpp",
         "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0-manager-lib",
         "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0-default-impl-lib",
         "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0-libproto-native",
-        "libjsoncpp",
         "libqemu_pipe",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp
index fba9a5e..7c58ef3 100644
--- a/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        , BootHidlTest,
+        PerInstance, BootHidlTest,
         testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IBootControl::descriptor)),
         android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hwc2on1adapter/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hwc2on1adapter/Android.bp
index 0af9745..ec7a0b9 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hwc2on1adapter/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hwc2on1adapter/Android.bp
@@ -22,40 +22,12 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     cppflags: [
-        "-Weverything",
+        "-Wextra",
         "-Wunused",
         "-Wunreachable-code",
 
-        // The static constructors and destructors in this library have not been noted to
-        // introduce significant overheads
-        "-Wno-exit-time-destructors",
-        "-Wno-global-constructors",
-
-        // We only care about compiling as C++14
-        "-Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic",
-
-        // android/sensors.h uses nested anonymous unions and anonymous structs
-        "-Wno-nested-anon-types",
-        "-Wno-gnu-anonymous-struct",
-
-        // Don't warn about struct padding
-        "-Wno-padded",
-
-        // hwcomposer2.h features switch covering all cases.
-        "-Wno-covered-switch-default",
-
-        // hwcomposer.h features zero size array.
-        "-Wno-zero-length-array",
-
         // Disabling warning specific to hwc2on1adapter code
-        "-Wno-double-promotion",
-        "-Wno-sign-conversion",
-        "-Wno-switch-enum",
-        "-Wno-float-equal",
-        "-Wno-shorten-64-to-32",
         "-Wno-sign-compare",
-        "-Wno-missing-prototypes",
-        "-Wno-format-pedantic",
     ],
 
     srcs: [
diff --git a/health/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_1TargetTest.cpp b/health/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_1TargetTest.cpp
index 7df4926..da9f5bb 100644
--- a/health/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/health/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        , HealthHidlTest,
+        PerInstance, HealthHidlTest,
         testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IHealth::descriptor)),
         android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
index ceaa0a0..8c4fd05 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
     /**
      * Turn off vibrator
      *
-     * Cancel a previously-started vibration, if any.
+     * Cancel a previously-started vibration, if any. If a previously-started vibration is
+     * associated with a callback, then onComplete should still be called on that callback.
      */
     void off();
 
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@
      * was canceled (through off()). A callback is only expected to be supported when
      * getCapabilities CAP_ON_CALLBACK is specified.
      *
+     * Doing this operation while the vibrator is already on is undefined behavior. Clients should
+     * explicitly call off.
+     *
      * @param timeoutMs number of milliseconds to vibrate.
      * @param callback A callback used to inform Frameworks of state change, if supported.
      */
@@ -73,6 +77,9 @@
      * A callback is only expected to be supported when getCapabilities CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK
      * is specified.
      *
+     * Doing this operation while the vibrator is already on is undefined behavior. Clients should
+     * explicitly call off.
+     *
      * @param effect The type of haptic event to trigger.
      * @param strength The intensity of haptic event to trigger.
      * @param callback A callback used to inform Frameworks of state change, if supported.
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
index aeb9b70..b6aa9e2 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@
                                                       EffectStrength::STRONG};
 
 const std::vector<Effect> kInvalidEffects = {
-        static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(*kEffects.begin()) - 1),
-        static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(*kEffects.end()) + 1),
+        static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(kEffects.front()) - 1),
+        static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(kEffects.back()) + 1),
 };
 
 const std::vector<EffectStrength> kInvalidEffectStrengths = {
-        static_cast<EffectStrength>(static_cast<int8_t>(*kEffectStrengths.begin()) - 1),
-        static_cast<EffectStrength>(static_cast<int8_t>(*kEffectStrengths.end()) + 1),
+        static_cast<EffectStrength>(static_cast<int8_t>(kEffectStrengths.front()) - 1),
+        static_cast<EffectStrength>(static_cast<int8_t>(kEffectStrengths.back()) + 1),
 };
 
 class CompletionCallback : public BnVibratorCallback {
@@ -119,10 +119,13 @@
             Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
 
             if (isEffectSupported) {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+                EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk())
+                        << static_cast<int>(effect) << " " << static_cast<int>(strength);
                 EXPECT_GT(lengthMs, 0);
+                usleep(lengthMs * 1000);
             } else {
-                EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+                EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)
+                        << static_cast<int>(effect) << " " << static_cast<int>(strength);
                 EXPECT_EQ(lengthMs, 0);
             }
         }
@@ -179,10 +182,19 @@
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, InvalidEffectsUnsupported) {
     for (Effect effect : kInvalidEffects) {
+        for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
+            int32_t lengthMs;
+            Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
+            EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)
+                    << static_cast<int>(effect) << " " << static_cast<int>(strength);
+        }
+    }
+    for (Effect effect : kEffects) {
         for (EffectStrength strength : kInvalidEffectStrengths) {
             int32_t lengthMs;
             Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
-            EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+            EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)
+                    << static_cast<int>(effect) << " " << static_cast<int>(strength);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -247,7 +259,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(, VibratorAidl,
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Vibrator, VibratorAidl,
                          testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVibrator::descriptor)),
                          android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp
index 97a371b..f89f7b4 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <android/log.h>
+
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 
 #include "wifi_hidl_call_util.h"
@@ -87,14 +89,21 @@
 }
 }  // namespace
 
-sp<IWifi> getWifi() {
-    sp<IWifi> wifi = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IWifi>(
-        gEnv->getServiceName<IWifi>());
-    return wifi;
+sp<IWifi> getWifi(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    if ((!gEnv && instance_name.empty()) || (gEnv && !instance_name.empty())) {
+        ALOGE("instance_name and gEnv must have one and only one set.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (gEnv) {
+        return ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IWifi>(
+            gEnv->getServiceName<IWifi>());
+    } else {
+        return IWifi::getService(instance_name);
+    }
 }
 
-sp<IWifiChip> getWifiChip() {
-    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi();
+sp<IWifiChip> getWifiChip(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi(instance_name);
     if (!wifi.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -122,8 +131,8 @@
     return status_and_chip.second;
 }
 
-sp<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface() {
-    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+sp<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -137,8 +146,8 @@
     return status_and_iface.second;
 }
 
-sp<IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface() {
-    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+sp<IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -152,8 +161,8 @@
     return status_and_iface.second;
 }
 
-sp<IWifiP2pIface> getWifiP2pIface() {
-    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+sp<IWifiP2pIface> getWifiP2pIface(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -167,8 +176,8 @@
     return status_and_iface.second;
 }
 
-sp<IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface() {
-    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+sp<IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -182,8 +191,8 @@
     return status_and_iface.second;
 }
 
-sp<IWifiRttController> getWifiRttController() {
-    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+sp<IWifiRttController> getWifiRttController(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -206,8 +215,8 @@
                                                    configured_mode_id);
 }
 
-void stopWifi() {
-    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi();
+void stopWifi(const std::string& instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi(instance_name);
     ASSERT_NE(wifi, nullptr);
     HIDL_INVOKE(wifi, stop);
 }
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h
index d430ce0..529b142 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h
@@ -31,14 +31,21 @@
 // Note: We only have a single instance of each of these objects currently.
 // These helper functions should be modified to return vectors if we support
 // multiple instances.
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi> getWifi();
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip> getWifiChip();
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface();
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface();
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiP2pIface> getWifiP2pIface();
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface();
+// TODO(b/143892896): Remove the default value as part of the cleanup.
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi> getWifi(
+    const std::string& instance_name = "");
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip> getWifiChip(
+    const std::string& instance_name = "");
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(
+    const std::string& instance_name = "");
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface(
+    const std::string& instance_name = "");
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiP2pIface> getWifiP2pIface(
+    const std::string& instance_name = "");
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface(
+    const std::string& instance_name = "");
 android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiRttController>
-getWifiRttController();
+getWifiRttController(const std::string& instance_name = "");
 // Configure the chip in a mode to support the creation of the provided
 // iface type.
 bool configureChipToSupportIfaceType(
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@
     android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IfaceType type,
     android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::ChipModeId* configured_mode_id);
 // Used to trigger IWifi.stop() at the end of every test.
-void stopWifi();
+void stopWifi(const std::string& instance_name = "");
 
 class WifiHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
    protected:
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 5645019..b53d002 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@
         "libwifi-system",
         "libwifi-system-iface",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
 }
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 0303b20..4b62b15 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,36 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
-#include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h"
-
-class WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_0 : public WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment {
-   public:
-    // get the test environment singleton
-    static WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_0* Instance() {
-        static WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_0* instance =
-            new WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_0;
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
-        registerTestService<::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi>();
-        registerTestService<android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd>();
-    }
-
-   private:
-    WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_0() {}
-};
-
-WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment* gEnv = WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_0::Instance();
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
-    return status;
-}
+// TODO(b/143892896): Remove this file after wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp is
+// updated.
+::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase* gEnv = nullptr;
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
index 8ee71fb..5a978ca 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -17,18 +17,22 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
-
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.0/IHostapd.h>
 
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+
 #include "hostapd_hidl_call_util.h"
 #include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h"
 
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::HostapdStatus;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::HostapdStatusCode;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
 
 namespace {
 constexpr unsigned char kNwSsid[] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '1',
@@ -38,16 +42,20 @@
 constexpr int kIfaceInvalidChannel = 567;
 }  // namespace
 
-class HostapdHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class HostapdHidlTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        stopSupplicantIfNeeded();
-        startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService();
-        hostapd_ = getHostapd();
+        wifi_instance_name_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+        hostapd_instance_name_ = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+        stopSupplicantIfNeeded(wifi_instance_name_);
+        startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService(wifi_instance_name_,
+                                          hostapd_instance_name_);
+        hostapd_ = IHostapd::getService(hostapd_instance_name_);
         ASSERT_NE(hostapd_.get(), nullptr);
     }
 
-    virtual void TearDown() override { stopHostapd(); }
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopHostapd(wifi_instance_name_); }
 
    protected:
     std::string getPrimaryWlanIfaceName() {
@@ -121,6 +129,8 @@
     }
     // IHostapd object used for all tests in this fixture.
     sp<IHostapd> hostapd_;
+    std::string wifi_instance_name_;
+    std::string hostapd_instance_name_;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -128,17 +138,19 @@
  * Ensures that an instance of the IHostapd proxy object is
  * successfully created.
  */
-TEST(HostapdHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
-    startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService();
-    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getHostapd().get());
-    stopHostapd();
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, Create) {
+    stopHostapd(wifi_instance_name_);
+    startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService(wifi_instance_name_,
+                                      hostapd_instance_name_);
+    sp<IHostapd> hostapd = IHostapd::getService(hostapd_instance_name_);
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, hostapd.get());
 }
 
 /**
  * Adds an access point with PSK network config & ACS enabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint,
                                   getIfaceParamsWithAcs(), getPskNwParams());
@@ -151,7 +163,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with Open network config & ACS enabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint,
                                   getIfaceParamsWithAcs(), getOpenNwParams());
@@ -164,7 +176,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with PSK network config & ACS disabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint,
                                   getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(), getPskNwParams());
@@ -176,7 +188,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with Open network config & ACS disabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status =
             HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint, getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(),
@@ -189,7 +201,7 @@
  * Adds & then removes an access point with PSK network config & ACS enabled.
  * Access point creation & removal should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint,
                                   getIfaceParamsWithAcs(), getPskNwParams());
@@ -207,7 +219,7 @@
  * Adds & then removes an access point with PSK network config & ACS disabled.
  * Access point creation & removal should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint,
                                   getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(), getPskNwParams());
@@ -222,7 +234,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with invalid channel.
  * Access point creation should fail.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithInvalidChannel) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithInvalidChannel) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status =
             HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint,
@@ -235,7 +247,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with invalid PSK network config.
  * Access point creation should fail.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddInvalidPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddInvalidPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (!is_1_1(hostapd_)) {
         auto status =
             HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint, getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(),
@@ -248,6 +260,13 @@
  * Terminate
  * This terminates the service.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, Terminate) {
-    hostapd_->terminate();
-}
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, Terminate) { hostapd_->terminate(); }
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    PerInstance, HostapdHidlTest,
+    testing::Combine(
+        testing::ValuesIn(
+            android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+        testing::ValuesIn(
+            android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IHostapd::descriptor))),
+    android::hardware::PrintInstanceTupleNameToString<>);
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.cpp
index cdbf1ab..6058fd2 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.cpp
@@ -44,13 +44,11 @@
 using ::android::wifi_system::HostapdManager;
 using ::android::wifi_system::SupplicantManager;
 
-extern WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment* gEnv;
-
 namespace {
 // Helper function to initialize the driver and firmware to AP mode
 // using the vendor HAL HIDL interface.
-void initilializeDriverAndFirmware() {
-    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+void initilializeDriverAndFirmware(const std::string& wifi_instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(wifi_instance_name);
     ChipModeId mode_id;
     EXPECT_TRUE(configureChipToSupportIfaceType(
         wifi_chip, ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IfaceType::AP, &mode_id));
@@ -58,7 +56,9 @@
 
 // Helper function to deinitialize the driver and firmware
 // using the vendor HAL HIDL interface.
-void deInitilializeDriverAndFirmware() { stopWifi(); }
+void deInitilializeDriverAndFirmware(const std::string& wifi_instance_name) {
+    stopWifi(wifi_instance_name);
+}
 }  // namespace
 
 // Utility class to wait for wpa_hostapd's HIDL service registration.
@@ -110,45 +110,42 @@
     std::condition_variable condition_;
 };
 
-void stopSupplicantIfNeeded() {
+void stopSupplicantIfNeeded(const std::string& instance_name) {
     SupplicantManager supplicant_manager;
     if (supplicant_manager.IsSupplicantRunning()) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Supplicant is running, stop supplicant first.";
         ASSERT_TRUE(supplicant_manager.StopSupplicant());
-        deInitilializeDriverAndFirmware();
+        deInitilializeDriverAndFirmware(instance_name);
         ASSERT_FALSE(supplicant_manager.IsSupplicantRunning());
     }
 }
 
-void stopHostapd() {
+void stopHostapd(const std::string& instance_name) {
     HostapdManager hostapd_manager;
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(hostapd_manager.StopHostapd());
-    deInitilializeDriverAndFirmware();
+    deInitilializeDriverAndFirmware(instance_name);
 }
 
-void startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService() {
-    initilializeDriverAndFirmware();
+void startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService(
+    const std::string& wifi_instance_name,
+    const std::string& hostapd_instance_name) {
+    initilializeDriverAndFirmware(wifi_instance_name);
 
     android::sp<ServiceNotificationListener> notification_listener =
         new ServiceNotificationListener();
-    string service_name = gEnv->getServiceName<IHostapd>();
     ASSERT_TRUE(notification_listener->registerForHidlServiceNotifications(
-        service_name));
+        hostapd_instance_name));
 
     HostapdManager hostapd_manager;
     ASSERT_TRUE(hostapd_manager.StartHostapd());
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(notification_listener->waitForHidlService(500, service_name));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        notification_listener->waitForHidlService(500, hostapd_instance_name));
 }
 
 bool is_1_1(const sp<IHostapd>& hostapd) {
     sp<::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd> hostapd_1_1 =
         ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd::castFrom(hostapd);
     return hostapd_1_1.get() != nullptr;
-}
-
-sp<IHostapd> getHostapd() {
-    return ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IHostapd>(
-        gEnv->getServiceName<IHostapd>());
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h
index 9b3df42..5cb4f01 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h
@@ -20,32 +20,18 @@
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.0/IHostapd.h>
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.1/IHostapd.h>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
-
 // Used to stop the android wifi framework before every test.
-void stopWifiFramework();
-void startWifiFramework();
-void stopSupplicantIfNeeded();
-void stopHostapd();
+void stopWifiFramework(const std::string& instance_name);
+void startWifiFramework(const std::string& instance_name);
+void stopSupplicantIfNeeded(const std::string& instance_name);
+void stopHostapd(const std::string& instance_name);
 // Used to configure the chip, driver and start wpa_hostapd before every
 // test.
-void startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService();
+void startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService(
+    const std::string& wifi_instance_name,
+    const std::string& hostapd_instance_name);
 
-// Helper functions to obtain references to the various HIDL interface objects.
-// Note: We only have a single instance of each of these objects currently.
-// These helper functions should be modified to return vectors if we support
-// multiple instances.
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd> getHostapd();
 bool is_1_1(const android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd>&
                 hostapd);
 
-class WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment
-    : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-   public:
-    virtual void HidlSetUp() override { stopHostapd(); }
-    virtual void HidlTearDown() override {
-        startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService();
-    }
-};
-
 #endif /* HOSTAPD_HIDL_TEST_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 02ec2e6..c963fe3 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,25 +14,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTestUtil",
-    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
-    srcs: ["hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.cpp"],
-    export_include_dirs: [
-        "."
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "VtsHalWifiV1_0TargetTestUtil",
-        "VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_0TargetTestUtil",
-        "android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.1",
-        "android.hardware.wifi@1.0",
-        "libgmock",
-        "libwifi-system",
-        "libwifi-system-iface",
-    ],
-}
-
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTest",
     defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
@@ -43,7 +24,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "VtsHalWifiV1_0TargetTestUtil",
         "VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_0TargetTestUtil",
-        "VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTestUtil",
         "android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.0",
         "android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.1",
         "android.hardware.wifi@1.0",
@@ -51,6 +31,6 @@
         "libwifi-system",
         "libwifi-system-iface",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
 }
 
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTest.cpp
index 6916db2..7e0f3cd 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalWifiHostapdV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,38 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
-#include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h"
-#include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.h"
-
-class WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_1 : public WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment {
-   public:
-    // get the test environment singleton
-    static WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_1* Instance() {
-        static WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_1* instance =
-            new WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_1;
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
-        registerTestService<::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi>();
-        registerTestService<android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd>();
-        registerTestService<android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd>();
-    }
-
-   private:
-    WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_1() {}
-};
-
-WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment* gEnv = WifiHostapdHidlEnvironment_1_1::Instance();
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
-    return status;
-}
+// TODO(b/143892896): Remove this file after wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp is
+// updated.
+::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase* gEnv = nullptr;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
index b053549..1804d8c 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.1/IHostapd.h>
 
 #include "hostapd_hidl_call_util.h"
 #include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h"
-#include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.h"
 
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::HostapdStatusCode;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapdCallback;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
 
 namespace {
 constexpr unsigned char kNwSsid[] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '1',
@@ -42,16 +45,20 @@
 constexpr int kIfaceInvalidChannel = 567;
 }  // namespace
 
-class HostapdHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class HostapdHidlTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        stopSupplicantIfNeeded();
-        startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService();
-        hostapd_ = getHostapd_1_1();
+        wifi_instance_name_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+        hostapd_instance_name_ = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+        stopSupplicantIfNeeded(wifi_instance_name_);
+        startHostapdAndWaitForHidlService(wifi_instance_name_,
+                                          hostapd_instance_name_);
+        hostapd_ = IHostapd::getService(hostapd_instance_name_);
         ASSERT_NE(hostapd_.get(), nullptr);
     }
 
-    virtual void TearDown() override { stopHostapd(); }
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopHostapd(wifi_instance_name_); }
 
    protected:
     std::string getPrimaryWlanIfaceName() {
@@ -152,6 +159,8 @@
 
     // IHostapd object used for all tests in this fixture.
     sp<IHostapd> hostapd_;
+    std::string wifi_instance_name_;
+    std::string hostapd_instance_name_;
 };
 
 class IfaceCallback : public IHostapdCallback {
@@ -164,7 +173,7 @@
 /*
  * RegisterCallback
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, registerCallback) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, registerCallback) {
     hostapd_->registerCallback(
         new IfaceCallback(), [](const HostapdStatus& status) {
             EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
@@ -175,7 +184,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with PSK network config & ACS enabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcs) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcs(), getPskNwParams());
     // TODO: b/140172237, fix this in R.
@@ -186,7 +195,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with PSK network config, ACS enabled & channel Range.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcsAndChannelRange) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcsAndChannelRange) {
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                     getIfaceParamsWithAcsAndChannelRange(), getPskNwParams());
@@ -198,7 +207,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with invalid channel range.
  * Access point creation should fail.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcsAndInvalidChannelRange) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithAcsAndInvalidChannelRange) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcsAndInvalidChannelRange(),
                               getPskNwParams());
@@ -210,7 +219,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with Open network config & ACS enabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithAcs) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcs(), getOpenNwParams());
     // TODO: b/140172237, fix this in R
@@ -221,7 +230,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with PSK network config & ACS disabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(), getPskNwParams());
     EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
@@ -231,7 +240,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with Open network config & ACS disabled.
  * Access point creation should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(), getOpenNwParams());
     EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
@@ -241,7 +250,7 @@
  * Adds & then removes an access point with PSK network config & ACS enabled.
  * Access point creation & removal should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithAcs) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcs(), getPskNwParams());
     // TODO: b/140172237, fix this in R
@@ -257,7 +266,7 @@
  * Adds & then removes an access point with PSK network config & ACS disabled.
  * Access point creation & removal should pass.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                               getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(), getPskNwParams());
     EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
@@ -270,7 +279,7 @@
  * Adds an access point with invalid channel.
  * Access point creation should fail.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithInvalidChannel) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithInvalidChannel) {
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1,
                     getIfaceParamsWithInvalidChannel(), getPskNwParams());
@@ -281,9 +290,18 @@
  * Adds an access point with invalid PSK network config.
  * Access point creation should fail.
  */
-TEST_F(HostapdHidlTest, AddInvalidPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
+TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddInvalidPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_1, getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(),
                     getInvalidPskNwParams());
     EXPECT_NE(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
 }
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    PerInstance, HostapdHidlTest,
+    testing::Combine(
+        testing::ValuesIn(
+            android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(
+            android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd::descriptor))),
+    android::hardware::PrintInstanceTupleNameToString<>);
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8bb72a1..0000000
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-#include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils.h"
-#include "hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.h"
-
-using ::android::sp;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd;
-
-sp<IHostapd> getHostapd_1_1() { return IHostapd::castFrom(getHostapd()); }
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.h b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c43ddfa..0000000
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test_utils_1_1.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef HOSTAPD_HIDL_TEST_UTILS_1_1_H
-#define HOSTAPD_HIDL_TEST_UTILS_1_1_H
-
-#include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.1/IHostapd.h>
-
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
-
-// Helper functions to obtain references to the various HIDL interface objects.
-// Note: We only have a single instance of each of these objects currently.
-// These helper functions should be modified to return vectors if we support
-// multiple instances.
-android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_1::IHostapd> getHostapd_1_1();
-
-#endif /* HOSTAPD_HIDL_TEST_UTILS_1_1_H */