diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.cpp b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.cpp
index 6d53652..38c709f 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     asyncStopStream();
 
     // Wait until the stream has actually stopped
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mEventLock);
     if (mRunning) {
         mEventSignal.wait(lock, [this]() { return !mRunning; });
     }
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    BufferDesc_1_1 buffer = mHeldBuffers.front();
+    hidl_vec<BufferDesc_1_1> buffers = mHeldBuffers.front();
     mHeldBuffers.pop();
-    mCamera->doneWithFrame_1_1(buffer);
+    mCamera->doneWithFrame_1_1(buffers);
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -138,50 +138,52 @@
 }
 
 
-Return<void> FrameHandler::deliverFrame_1_1(const BufferDesc_1_1& bufDesc) {
-    const AHardwareBuffer_Desc* pDesc =
-        reinterpret_cast<const AHardwareBuffer_Desc *>(&bufDesc.buffer.description);
-    ALOGD("Received a frame from the camera (%p)",
-          bufDesc.buffer.nativeHandle.getNativeHandle());
+Return<void> FrameHandler::deliverFrame_1_1(const hidl_vec<BufferDesc_1_1>& buffers) {
+    for (auto&& buffer : buffers) {
+        const AHardwareBuffer_Desc* pDesc =
+            reinterpret_cast<const AHardwareBuffer_Desc *>(&buffer.buffer.description);
+        ALOGD("Received a frame from the camera (%p)",
+              buffer.buffer.nativeHandle.getNativeHandle());
 
-    // Store a dimension of a received frame.
-    mFrameWidth = pDesc->width;
-    mFrameHeight = pDesc->height;
+        // Store a dimension of a received frame.
+        mFrameWidth = pDesc->width;
+        mFrameHeight = pDesc->height;
 
-    // If we were given an opened display at construction time, then send the received
-    // image back down the camera.
-    if (mDisplay.get()) {
-        // Get the output buffer we'll use to display the imagery
-        BufferDesc_1_0 tgtBuffer = {};
-        mDisplay->getTargetBuffer([&tgtBuffer](const BufferDesc_1_0& buff) {
-                                      tgtBuffer = buff;
-                                  }
-        );
+        // If we were given an opened display at construction time, then send the received
+        // image back down the camera.
+        if (mDisplay.get()) {
+            // Get the output buffer we'll use to display the imagery
+            BufferDesc_1_0 tgtBuffer = {};
+            mDisplay->getTargetBuffer([&tgtBuffer](const BufferDesc_1_0& buff) {
+                                          tgtBuffer = buff;
+                                      }
+            );
 
-        if (tgtBuffer.memHandle == nullptr) {
-            printf("Didn't get target buffer - frame lost\n");
-            ALOGE("Didn't get requested output buffer -- skipping this frame.");
-        } else {
-            // Copy the contents of the of buffer.memHandle into tgtBuffer
-            copyBufferContents(tgtBuffer, bufDesc);
-
-            // Send the target buffer back for display
-            Return<EvsResult> result = mDisplay->returnTargetBufferForDisplay(tgtBuffer);
-            if (!result.isOk()) {
-                printf("HIDL error on display buffer (%s)- frame lost\n",
-                       result.description().c_str());
-                ALOGE("Error making the remote function call.  HIDL said %s",
-                      result.description().c_str());
-            } else if (result != EvsResult::OK) {
-                printf("Display reported error - frame lost\n");
-                ALOGE("We encountered error %d when returning a buffer to the display!",
-                      (EvsResult) result);
+            if (tgtBuffer.memHandle == nullptr) {
+                printf("Didn't get target buffer - frame lost\n");
+                ALOGE("Didn't get requested output buffer -- skipping this frame.");
             } else {
-                // Everything looks good!
-                // Keep track so tests or watch dogs can monitor progress
-                mLock.lock();
-                mFramesDisplayed++;
-                mLock.unlock();
+                // Copy the contents of the of buffer.memHandle into tgtBuffer
+                copyBufferContents(tgtBuffer, buffer);
+
+                // Send the target buffer back for display
+                Return<EvsResult> result = mDisplay->returnTargetBufferForDisplay(tgtBuffer);
+                if (!result.isOk()) {
+                    printf("HIDL error on display buffer (%s)- frame lost\n",
+                           result.description().c_str());
+                    ALOGE("Error making the remote function call.  HIDL said %s",
+                          result.description().c_str());
+                } else if (result != EvsResult::OK) {
+                    printf("Display reported error - frame lost\n");
+                    ALOGE("We encountered error %d when returning a buffer to the display!",
+                          (EvsResult) result);
+                } else {
+                    // Everything looks good!
+                    // Keep track so tests or watch dogs can monitor progress
+                    mLock.lock();
+                    mFramesDisplayed++;
+                    mLock.unlock();
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -191,11 +193,11 @@
     case eAutoReturn:
         // Send the camera buffer back now that the client has seen it
         ALOGD("Calling doneWithFrame");
-        mCamera->doneWithFrame_1_1(bufDesc);
+        mCamera->doneWithFrame_1_1(buffers);
         break;
     case eNoAutoReturn:
-        // Hang onto the buffer handle for now -- the client will return it explicitly later
-        mHeldBuffers.push(bufDesc);
+        // Hang onto the buffer handles for now -- the client will return it explicitly later
+        mHeldBuffers.push(buffers);
     }
 
     mLock.lock();
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@
 }
 
 
-Return<void> FrameHandler::notify(const EvsEvent& event) {
+Return<void> FrameHandler::notify(const EvsEventDesc& event) {
     // Local flag we use to keep track of when the stream is stopping
     mLock.lock();
     mLatestEventDesc = event;
@@ -223,7 +225,7 @@
         ALOGD("Received an event %s", eventToString(mLatestEventDesc.aType));
     }
     mLock.unlock();
-    mEventSignal.notify_all();
+    mEventSignal.notify_one();
 
     return Void();
 }
@@ -342,19 +344,20 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool FrameHandler::waitForEvent(const EvsEventType aTargetEvent,
-                                EvsEvent &event) {
+bool FrameHandler::waitForEvent(const EvsEventDesc& aTargetEvent,
+                                      EvsEventDesc& aReceivedEvent) {
     // Wait until we get an expected parameter change event.
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mEventLock);
     auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     bool result = mEventSignal.wait_until(lock, now + 5s,
-        [this, aTargetEvent, &event](){
-            bool flag = mLatestEventDesc.aType == aTargetEvent;
-            if (flag) {
-                event.aType = mLatestEventDesc.aType;
-                event.payload[0] = mLatestEventDesc.payload[0];
-                event.payload[1] = mLatestEventDesc.payload[1];
-            }
+        [this, aTargetEvent, &aReceivedEvent](){
+            bool flag = (mLatestEventDesc.aType == aTargetEvent.aType) &&
+                        (mLatestEventDesc.payload[0] == aTargetEvent.payload[0]) &&
+                        (mLatestEventDesc.payload[1] == aTargetEvent.payload[1]);
+
+            aReceivedEvent.aType = mLatestEventDesc.aType;
+            aReceivedEvent.payload[0] = mLatestEventDesc.payload[0];
+            aReceivedEvent.payload[1] = mLatestEventDesc.payload[1];
 
             return flag;
         }
diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.h b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.h
index e5f1b8f..51e5a86 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.h
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/FrameHandler.h
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
     bool isRunning();
 
     void waitForFrameCount(unsigned frameCount);
-    bool waitForEvent(const EvsEventType aTargetEvent,
-                            EvsEvent &eventDesc);
+    bool waitForEvent(const EvsEventDesc& aTargetEvent,
+                            EvsEventDesc& aReceivedEvent);
     void getFramesCounters(unsigned* received, unsigned* displayed);
     void getFrameDimension(unsigned* width, unsigned* height);
 
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@
     Return<void> deliverFrame(const BufferDesc_1_0& buffer) override;
 
     // Implementation for ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_1::IEvsCameraStream
-    Return<void> deliverFrame_1_1(const BufferDesc_1_1& buffer) override;
-    Return<void> notify(const EvsEvent& event) override;
+    Return<void> deliverFrame_1_1(const hidl_vec<BufferDesc_1_1>& buffer) override;
+    Return<void> notify(const EvsEventDesc& event) override;
 
     // Local implementation details
     bool copyBufferContents(const BufferDesc_1_0& tgtBuffer, const BufferDesc_1_1& srcBuffer);
@@ -99,17 +99,18 @@
     // Since we get frames delivered to us asynchronously via the IEvsCameraStream interface,
     // we need to protect all member variables that may be modified while we're streaming
     // (ie: those below)
-    std::mutex                  mLock;
-    std::condition_variable     mEventSignal;
-    std::condition_variable     mFrameSignal;
+    std::mutex                            mLock;
+    std::mutex                            mEventLock;
+    std::condition_variable               mEventSignal;
+    std::condition_variable               mFrameSignal;
+    std::queue<hidl_vec<BufferDesc_1_1>>  mHeldBuffers;
 
-    std::queue<BufferDesc_1_1>  mHeldBuffers;
     bool                        mRunning = false;
     unsigned                    mFramesReceived = 0;    // Simple counter -- rolls over eventually!
     unsigned                    mFramesDisplayed = 0;   // Simple counter -- rolls over eventually!
     unsigned                    mFrameWidth = 0;
     unsigned                    mFrameHeight = 0;
-    EvsEvent                    mLatestEventDesc;
+    EvsEventDesc                mLatestEventDesc;
 };
 
 
diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalEvsV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalEvsV1_1TargetTest.cpp
index 1d3fd87..8847a95 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalEvsV1_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalEvsV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_handle;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
 using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::wp;
 using ::android::hardware::camera::device::V3_2::Stream;
 using ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::DisplayDesc;
 using ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::DisplayState;
@@ -117,7 +118,15 @@
         mIsHwModule = !service_name.compare(kEnumeratorName);
     }
 
-    virtual void TearDown() override {}
+    virtual void TearDown() override {
+        // Attempt to close any active camera
+        for (auto &&c : activeCameras) {
+            sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> cam = c.promote();
+            if (cam != nullptr) {
+                pEnumerator->closeCamera(cam);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
 protected:
     void loadCameraList() {
@@ -141,10 +150,12 @@
         ASSERT_GE(cameraInfo.size(), 1u);
     }
 
-    sp<IEvsEnumerator>        pEnumerator;    // Every test needs access to the service
-    std::vector <CameraDesc>  cameraInfo;     // Empty unless/until loadCameraList() is called
-    bool                      mIsHwModule;    // boolean to tell current module under testing
-                                              // is HW module implementation.
+    sp<IEvsEnumerator>              pEnumerator;   // Every test needs access to the service
+    std::vector<CameraDesc>         cameraInfo;    // Empty unless/until loadCameraList() is called
+    bool                            mIsHwModule;   // boolean to tell current module under testing
+                                                   // is HW module implementation.
+    std::deque<wp<IEvsCamera_1_1>>  activeCameras; // A list of active camera handles that are
+                                                   // needed to be cleaned up.
 };
 
 
@@ -169,11 +180,15 @@
     // Open and close each camera twice
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
         for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+            activeCameras.clear();
             sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam =
                 IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
                 .withDefault(nullptr);
             ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+            // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+            activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
             // Verify that this camera self-identifies correctly
             pCam->getCameraInfo_1_1([&cam](CameraDesc desc) {
                                         ALOGD("Found camera %s", desc.v1.cameraId.c_str());
@@ -206,11 +221,15 @@
 
     // Open and close each camera twice
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
         // Verify that this camera self-identifies correctly
         pCam->getCameraInfo_1_1([&cam](CameraDesc desc) {
                                     ALOGD("Found camera %s", desc.v1.cameraId.c_str());
@@ -221,9 +240,13 @@
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam2 =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
-        ASSERT_NE(pCam, pCam2);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam2, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam2);
+
+        ASSERT_NE(pCam, pCam2);
+
         Return<EvsResult> result = pCam->setMaxFramesInFlight(2);
         if (mIsHwModule) {
             // Verify that the old camera rejects calls via HW module.
@@ -268,11 +291,15 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
         // Set up a frame receiver object which will fire up its own thread
         sp<FrameHandler> frameHandler = new FrameHandler(pCam, cam,
                                                          nullptr,
@@ -340,12 +367,15 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
-
+        activeCameras.clear();
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
         // Ask for a crazy number of buffers in flight to ensure it errors correctly
         Return<EvsResult> badResult = pCam->setMaxFramesInFlight(0xFFFFFFFF);
         EXPECT_EQ(EvsResult::BUFFER_NOT_AVAILABLE, badResult);
@@ -416,11 +446,15 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
         // Set up a frame receiver object which will fire up its own thread.
         sp<FrameHandler> frameHandler = new FrameHandler(pCam, cam,
                                                          pDisplay,
@@ -484,17 +518,24 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         // Create two camera clients.
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam0 =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam0, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam0);
+
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam1 =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam1, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam1);
+
         // Set up per-client frame receiver objects which will fire up its own thread
         sp<FrameHandler> frameHandler0 = new FrameHandler(pCam0, cam,
                                                           nullptr,
@@ -575,12 +616,16 @@
     // Test each reported camera
     Return<EvsResult> result = EvsResult::OK;
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         // Create a camera client
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
         // Get the parameter list
         std::vector<CameraParam> cmds;
         pCam->getParameterList([&cmds](hidl_vec<CameraParam> cmdList) {
@@ -626,48 +671,54 @@
             EvsResult result = EvsResult::OK;
             if (cmd == CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_FOCUS) {
                 // Try to turn off auto-focus
-                int32_t val1 = 0;
-                pCam->getIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS,
-                                   [&result, &val1](auto status, auto value) {
+                std::vector<int32_t> values;
+                pCam->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
+                                   [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                        result = status;
                                        if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
-                                          val1 = value;
+                                          for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                              values.push_back(v);
+                                          }
                                        }
                                    });
-                if (val1 != 0) {
-                    pCam->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
-                                       [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
-                                           result = status;
-                                           val1 = effectiveValue;
-                                       });
-                    ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-                    ASSERT_EQ(val1, 0);
+                ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+                for (auto &&v : values) {
+                    ASSERT_EQ(v, 0);
                 }
             }
 
             // Try to program a parameter with a random value [minVal, maxVal]
             int32_t val0 = minVal + (std::rand() % (maxVal - minVal));
-            int32_t val1 = 0;
+            std::vector<int32_t> values;
 
             // Rounding down
             val0 = val0 - (val0 % step);
             pCam->setIntParameter(cmd, val0,
-                               [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                               [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                    result = status;
-                                   val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                   if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                      for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                          values.push_back(v);
+                                      }
+                                   }
                                });
 
             ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
 
+            values.clear();
             pCam->getIntParameter(cmd,
-                               [&result, &val1](auto status, auto value) {
+                               [&result, &values](auto status, auto readValues) {
                                    result = status;
                                    if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
-                                      val1 = value;
+                                      for (auto &&v : readValues) {
+                                          values.push_back(v);
+                                      }
                                    }
                                });
             ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-            ASSERT_EQ(val0, val1) << "Values are not matched.";
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(val0, v) << "Values are not matched.";
+            }
         }
 
         result = pCam->unsetMaster();
@@ -704,16 +755,24 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         // Create two camera clients.
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCamMaster =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCamMaster, nullptr);
+
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCamMaster);
+
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCamNonMaster =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCamNonMaster, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCamNonMaster);
+
         // Set up per-client frame receiver objects which will fire up its own thread
         sp<FrameHandler> frameHandlerMaster =
             new FrameHandler(pCamMaster, cam,
@@ -750,13 +809,15 @@
 
         // Non-master client expects to receive a master role relesed
         // notification.
-        EvsEvent aNotification = {};
+        EvsEventDesc aTargetEvent  = {};
+        EvsEventDesc aNotification = {};
 
         // Release a master role.
         pCamMaster->unsetMaster();
 
         // Verify a change notification.
-        frameHandlerNonMaster->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED, aNotification);
+        aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED;
+        frameHandlerNonMaster->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED,
                   static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType));
 
@@ -772,7 +833,8 @@
         frameHandlerNonMaster->shutdown();
 
         // Verify a change notification.
-        frameHandlerMaster->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED, aNotification);
+        aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED;
+        frameHandlerMaster->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED,
                   static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType));
 
@@ -810,16 +872,24 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         // Create two camera clients.
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCamMaster =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCamMaster, nullptr);
+
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCamMaster);
+
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCamNonMaster =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCamNonMaster, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCamNonMaster);
+
         // Get the parameter list
         std::vector<CameraParam> camMasterCmds, camNonMasterCmds;
         pCamMaster->getParameterList([&camMasterCmds](hidl_vec<CameraParam> cmdList) {
@@ -879,7 +949,7 @@
         frameHandlerNonMaster->waitForFrameCount(1);
 
         int32_t val0 = 0;
-        int32_t val1 = 0;
+        std::vector<int32_t> values;
         for (auto &cmd : camMasterCmds) {
             // Get a valid parameter value range
             int32_t minVal, maxVal, step;
@@ -895,14 +965,19 @@
             EvsResult result = EvsResult::OK;
             if (cmd == CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_FOCUS) {
                 // Try to turn off auto-focus
-                int32_t val1 = 1;
                 pCamMaster->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
-                                   [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                                   [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                        result = status;
-                                       val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                       if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                          for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                              values.push_back(v);
+                                          }
+                                       }
                                    });
                 ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-                ASSERT_EQ(val1, 0);
+                for (auto &&v : values) {
+                    ASSERT_EQ(v, 0);
+                }
             }
 
             // Try to program a parameter
@@ -910,45 +985,63 @@
 
             // Rounding down
             val0 = val0 - (val0 % step);
+            values.clear();
             pCamMaster->setIntParameter(cmd, val0,
-                                     [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
-                                         result = status;
-                                         val1 = effectiveValue;
-                                     });
-            ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-
-            // Wait a moment
-            sleep(1);
-
-            // Non-master client expects to receive a parameter change notification
-            // whenever a master client adjusts it.
-            EvsEvent aNotification = {};
-
-            pCamMaster->getIntParameter(cmd,
-                                     [&result, &val1](auto status, auto value) {
+                                     [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                          result = status;
                                          if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
-                                            val1 = value;
+                                            for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                                values.push_back(v);
+                                            }
                                          }
                                      });
             ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-            ASSERT_EQ(val0, val1) << "Values are not matched.";
+
+            // Non-master client expects to receive a parameter change notification
+            // whenever a master client adjusts it.
+            EvsEventDesc aTargetEvent  = {};
+            EvsEventDesc aNotification = {};
+
+            values.clear();
+            pCamMaster->getIntParameter(cmd,
+                                     [&result, &values](auto status, auto readValues) {
+                                         result = status;
+                                         if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                            for (auto &&v : readValues) {
+                                                values.push_back(v);
+                                            }
+                                         }
+                                     });
+            ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(val0, v) << "Values are not matched.";
+            }
 
             // Verify a change notification
-            frameHandlerNonMaster->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED, aNotification);
+            aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED;
+            aTargetEvent.payload[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(cmd);
+            aTargetEvent.payload[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(val0);
+            frameHandlerNonMaster->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
             ASSERT_EQ(EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED,
                       static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType));
             ASSERT_EQ(cmd,
                       static_cast<CameraParam>(aNotification.payload[0]));
-            ASSERT_EQ(val1,
-                      static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(v,
+                          static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+            }
         }
 
         // Try to adjust a parameter via non-master client
+        values.clear();
         pCamNonMaster->setIntParameter(camNonMasterCmds[0], val0,
-                                    [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                                    [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                         result = status;
-                                        val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                        if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                            for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                                values.push_back(v);
+                                            }
+                                        }
                                     });
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG, result);
 
@@ -961,10 +1054,15 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
 
         // Try to adjust a parameter after being retired
+        values.clear();
         pCamMaster->setIntParameter(camMasterCmds[0], val0,
-                                 [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                                 [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                      result = status;
-                                     val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                     if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                        for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                            values.push_back(v);
+                                        }
+                                     }
                                  });
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG, result);
 
@@ -986,16 +1084,22 @@
             );
 
             EvsResult result = EvsResult::OK;
+            values.clear();
             if (cmd == CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_FOCUS) {
                 // Try to turn off auto-focus
-                int32_t val1 = 1;
                 pCamNonMaster->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
-                                   [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                                   [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                        result = status;
-                                       val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                       if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                          for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                              values.push_back(v);
+                                          }
+                                       }
                                    });
                 ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-                ASSERT_EQ(val1, 0);
+                for (auto &&v : values) {
+                    ASSERT_EQ(v, 0);
+                }
             }
 
             // Try to program a parameter
@@ -1003,38 +1107,51 @@
 
             // Rounding down
             val0 = val0 - (val0 % step);
+            values.clear();
             pCamNonMaster->setIntParameter(cmd, val0,
-                                        [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
-                                            result = status;
-                                            val1 = effectiveValue;
-                                        });
-            ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-
-            // Wait a moment
-            sleep(1);
-
-            // Non-master client expects to receive a parameter change notification
-            // whenever a master client adjusts it.
-            EvsEvent aNotification = {};
-
-            pCamNonMaster->getIntParameter(cmd,
-                                        [&result, &val1](auto status, auto value) {
+                                        [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                             result = status;
                                             if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
-                                               val1 = value;
+                                                for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                                    values.push_back(v);
+                                                }
                                             }
                                         });
             ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-            ASSERT_EQ(val0, val1) << "Values are not matched.";
+
+            // Non-master client expects to receive a parameter change notification
+            // whenever a master client adjusts it.
+            EvsEventDesc aTargetEvent  = {};
+            EvsEventDesc aNotification = {};
+
+            values.clear();
+            pCamNonMaster->getIntParameter(cmd,
+                                        [&result, &values](auto status, auto readValues) {
+                                            result = status;
+                                            if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                                for (auto &&v : readValues) {
+                                                    values.push_back(v);
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        });
+            ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(val0, v) << "Values are not matched.";
+            }
 
             // Verify a change notification
-            frameHandlerMaster->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED, aNotification);
+            aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED;
+            aTargetEvent.payload[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(cmd);
+            aTargetEvent.payload[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(val0);
+            frameHandlerMaster->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
             ASSERT_EQ(EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED,
                       static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType));
             ASSERT_EQ(cmd,
                       static_cast<CameraParam>(aNotification.payload[0]));
-            ASSERT_EQ(val1,
-                      static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(v,
+                          static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+            }
         }
 
         // New master retires from a master role
@@ -1078,17 +1195,25 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
+
         // Create two clients
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam0 =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam0, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam0);
+
         sp<IEvsCamera_1_1> pCam1 =
             IEvsCamera_1_1::castFrom(pEnumerator->openCamera_1_1(cam.v1.cameraId, nullCfg))
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam1, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam1);
+
         // Get the parameter list; this test will use the first command in both
         // lists.
         std::vector<CameraParam> cam0Cmds, cam1Cmds;
@@ -1144,108 +1269,141 @@
             }
         );
 
+        // Client1 becomes a master
+        result = pCam1->setMaster();
+        ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+
+        std::vector<int32_t> values;
+        EvsEventDesc aTargetEvent  = {};
+        EvsEventDesc aNotification = {};
         if (cam1Cmds[0] == CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_FOCUS) {
             // Try to turn off auto-focus
-            int32_t val1 = 0;
-            pCam1->getIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS,
-                               [&result, &val1](auto status, auto value) {
+            pCam1->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
+                               [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                    result = status;
                                    if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
-                                      val1 = value;
+                                      for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                          values.push_back(v);
+                                      }
                                    }
                                });
-            if (val1 != 0) {
-                pCam1->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
-                                   [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
-                                       result = status;
-                                       val1 = effectiveValue;
-                                   });
-                ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-                ASSERT_EQ(val1, 0);
+            ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(v, 0);
             }
+
+            // Make sure AUTO_FOCUS is off.
+            aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED;
+            aTargetEvent.payload[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS);
+            aTargetEvent.payload[1] = 0;
+            bool timeout =
+                frameHandler0->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
+            ASSERT_FALSE(timeout) << "Expected event does not arrive";
         }
 
         // Try to program a parameter with a random value [minVal, maxVal]
         int32_t val0 = minVal + (std::rand() % (maxVal - minVal));
-        int32_t val1 = 0;
 
         // Rounding down
         val0 = val0 - (val0 % step);
-
-        result = pCam1->setMaster();
-        ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-
+        values.clear();
         pCam1->setIntParameter(cam1Cmds[0], val0,
-                            [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                            [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                 result = status;
-                                val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                    for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                        values.push_back(v);
+                                    }
+                                }
                             });
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+        for (auto &&v : values) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(val0, v);
+        }
 
         // Verify a change notification
-        EvsEvent aNotification = {};
+        aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED;
+        aTargetEvent.payload[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(cam1Cmds[0]);
+        aTargetEvent.payload[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(val0);
         bool timeout =
-            frameHandler0->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED, aNotification);
+            frameHandler0->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
         ASSERT_FALSE(timeout) << "Expected event does not arrive";
         ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType),
                   EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED);
         ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<CameraParam>(aNotification.payload[0]),
                   cam1Cmds[0]);
-        ASSERT_EQ(val1,
-                  static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+        for (auto &&v : values) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(v, static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+        }
 
         // Client 0 steals a master role
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, pCam0->forceMaster(pDisplay));
 
-        frameHandler1->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED, aNotification);
+        aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED;
+        aTargetEvent.payload[0] = 0;
+        aTargetEvent.payload[1] = 0;
+        frameHandler1->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
         ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType),
                   EvsEventType::MASTER_RELEASED);
 
         // Client 0 programs a parameter
         val0 = minVal + (std::rand() % (maxVal - minVal));
-        val1 = 0;
 
         // Rounding down
         val0 = val0 - (val0 % step);
 
         if (cam0Cmds[0] == CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_FOCUS) {
             // Try to turn off auto-focus
-            int32_t val1 = 0;
-            pCam0->getIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS,
-                               [&result, &val1](auto status, auto value) {
+            values.clear();
+            pCam0->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
+                               [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                    result = status;
                                    if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
-                                      val1 = value;
+                                      for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                          values.push_back(v);
+                                      }
                                    }
                                });
-            if (val1 != 0) {
-                pCam0->setIntParameter(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS, 0,
-                                   [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
-                                       result = status;
-                                       val1 = effectiveValue;
-                                   });
-                ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
-                ASSERT_EQ(val1, 0);
+            ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
+            for (auto &&v : values) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(v, 0);
             }
+
+            // Make sure AUTO_FOCUS is off.
+            aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED;
+            aTargetEvent.payload[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS);
+            aTargetEvent.payload[1] = 0;
+            bool timeout =
+                frameHandler1->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
+            ASSERT_FALSE(timeout) << "Expected event does not arrive";
         }
 
+        values.clear();
         pCam0->setIntParameter(cam0Cmds[0], val0,
-                            [&result, &val1](auto status, auto effectiveValue) {
+                            [&result, &values](auto status, auto effectiveValues) {
                                 result = status;
-                                val1 = effectiveValue;
+                                if (status == EvsResult::OK) {
+                                    for (auto &&v : effectiveValues) {
+                                        values.push_back(v);
+                                    }
+                                }
                             });
         ASSERT_EQ(EvsResult::OK, result);
 
         // Verify a change notification
+        aTargetEvent.aType = EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED;
+        aTargetEvent.payload[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(cam0Cmds[0]);
+        aTargetEvent.payload[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(val0);
         timeout =
-            frameHandler1->waitForEvent(EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED, aNotification);
+            frameHandler1->waitForEvent(aTargetEvent, aNotification);
         ASSERT_FALSE(timeout) << "Expected event does not arrive";
         ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<EvsEventType>(aNotification.aType),
                   EvsEventType::PARAMETER_CHANGED);
         ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<CameraParam>(aNotification.payload[0]),
                   cam0Cmds[0]);
-        ASSERT_EQ(val1,
-                  static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+        for (auto &&v : values) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(v, static_cast<int32_t>(aNotification.payload[1]));
+        }
 
         // Turn off the display (yes, before the stream stops -- it should be handled)
         pDisplay->setDisplayState(DisplayState::NOT_VISIBLE);
@@ -1282,6 +1440,7 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         // choose a configuration that has a frame rate faster than minReqFps.
         Stream targetCfg = {};
         const int32_t minReqFps = 15;
@@ -1324,6 +1483,9 @@
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam);
+
         // Set up a frame receiver object which will fire up its own thread.
         sp<FrameHandler> frameHandler = new FrameHandler(pCam, cam,
                                                          pDisplay,
@@ -1383,6 +1545,7 @@
 
     // Test each reported camera
     for (auto&& cam: cameraInfo) {
+        activeCameras.clear();
         // choose a configuration that has a frame rate faster than minReqFps.
         Stream targetCfg = {};
         const int32_t minReqFps = 15;
@@ -1427,6 +1590,9 @@
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_NE(pCam0, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam0);
+
         // Try to create the second camera client with different stream
         // configuration.
         int32_t id = targetCfg.id;
@@ -1436,6 +1602,9 @@
             .withDefault(nullptr);
         ASSERT_EQ(pCam1, nullptr);
 
+        // Store a camera handle for a clean-up
+        activeCameras.push_back(pCam0);
+
         // Try again with same stream configuration.
         targetCfg.id = id;
         pCam1 =