diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index dd84737..70e0574 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -45,4 +45,5 @@
         "-g",
     ],
 
+    require_root: true,
 }
diff --git a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index cc34290..bdd02d2 100644
--- a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections@1.0",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
 }
diff --git a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGnssV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGnssV1_1TargetTest.cpp
index ca9eef4..4a0a7f9 100644
--- a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGnssV1_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGnssV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@
  */
 #define LOG_TAG "VtsHalGnssV1_1TargetTest"
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 #include "gnss_hal_test.h"
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(GnssHidlEnvironment::Instance());
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    GnssHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
-    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
-    return status;
-}
+using android::hardware::gnss::V1_1::IGnss;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, GnssHalTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IGnss::descriptor)),
+        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp
index 61a2ce4..2c8a7b1 100644
--- a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "GnssHalTest"
 
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 #include <gnss_hal_test.h>
@@ -29,8 +31,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::gnss::common::Utils;
 
 void GnssHalTest::SetUp() {
-    gnss_hal_ = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IGnss>(
-        GnssHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IGnss>());
+    gnss_hal_ = IGnss::getService(GetParam());
     ASSERT_NE(gnss_hal_, nullptr);
 
     SetUpGnssCallback();
diff --git a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h
index e4325bf..169cd62 100644
--- a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h
+++ b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/gnss/1.1/IGnss.h>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include "GnssCallbackEventQueue.h"
 
 using android::hardware::Return;
@@ -37,24 +36,9 @@
 
 #define TIMEOUT_SEC 2  // for basic commands/responses
 
-// Test environment for GNSS HIDL HAL.
-class GnssHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-   public:
-    // get the test environment singleton
-    static GnssHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
-        static GnssHidlEnvironment* instance = new GnssHidlEnvironment;
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IGnss>(); }
-
-   private:
-    GnssHidlEnvironment() {}
-};
-
 // The main test class for GNSS HAL.
-class GnssHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
-   public:
+class GnssHalTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
 
     virtual void TearDown() override;
diff --git a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
index 3294bcd..79da84a 100644
--- a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
+++ b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <gnss_hal_test.h>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
-
 #include <android/hardware/gnss/1.1/IGnssConfiguration.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
 
@@ -39,13 +38,13 @@
  *
  * Empty test fixture to verify basic Setup & Teardown
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, SetupTeardownCreateCleanup) {}
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, SetupTeardownCreateCleanup) {}
 
 /*
  * TestGnssMeasurementCallback:
  * Gets the GnssMeasurementExtension and verify that it returns an actual extension.
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementCallback) {
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementCallback) {
     auto gnssMeasurement_1_1 = gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssMeasurement_1_1();
     ASSERT_TRUE(gnssMeasurement_1_1.isOk());
     auto gnssMeasurement_1_0 = gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssMeasurement();
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@
  * NO_LOCATION_PERIOD_SEC and verfiy that no location is received. Also perform validity checks on
  * each received location.
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, GetLocationLowPower) {
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, GetLocationLowPower) {
     if (!IsGnssHalVersion_1_1()) {
         ALOGI("Test GetLocationLowPower skipped. GNSS HAL version is greater than 1.1.");
         return;
@@ -97,7 +96,6 @@
 
         gnss_cb_->location_cbq_.retrieve(gnss_cb_->last_location_, kNoLocationPeriodSec);
         const int location_called_count = gnss_cb_->location_cbq_.calledCount();
-
         // Tolerate (ignore) one extra location right after the first one
         // to handle startup edge case scheduling limitations in some implementations
         if ((i == 1) && (location_called_count == 2)) {
@@ -132,7 +130,8 @@
  */
 
 IGnssConfiguration::BlacklistedSource FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(
-    const list<IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus> list_gnss_sv_status, const int min_observations) {
+        const std::list<IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus> list_gnss_sv_status,
+        const int min_observations) {
     struct ComparableBlacklistedSource {
         IGnssConfiguration::BlacklistedSource id;
 
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@
  * 5b) Retry a few times, in case GNSS search strategy takes a while to reacquire even the
  * formerly strongest satellite
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, BlacklistIndividualSatellites) {
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, BlacklistIndividualSatellites) {
     if (!IsGnssHalVersion_1_1()) {
         ALOGI("Test BlacklistIndividualSatellites skipped. GNSS HAL version is greater than 1.1.");
         return;
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@
      */
 
     const int kGnssSvStatusTimeout = 2;
-    list<IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus> sv_status_list;
+    std::list<IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus> sv_status_list;
     int count = gnss_cb_->sv_status_cbq_.retrieve(sv_status_list, sv_status_cbq_size,
                                                   kGnssSvStatusTimeout);
     ASSERT_EQ(count, sv_status_cbq_size);
@@ -362,7 +361,7 @@
  * GnssStatus does not use any constellation but GPS.
  * 4a & b) Clean up by turning off location, and send in empty blacklist.
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, BlacklistConstellation) {
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, BlacklistConstellation) {
     if (!IsGnssHalVersion_1_1()) {
         ALOGI("Test BlacklistConstellation skipped. GNSS HAL version is greater than 1.1.");
         return;
@@ -457,7 +456,7 @@
  *
  * Ensure successfully injecting a location.
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, InjectBestLocation) {
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, InjectBestLocation) {
     StartAndCheckLocations(1);
     GnssLocation gnssLocation = gnss_cb_->last_location_;
     CheckLocation(gnssLocation, true);
@@ -476,7 +475,7 @@
  * GnssDebugValuesSanityTest:
  * Ensures that GnssDebug values make sense.
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, GnssDebugValuesSanityTest) {
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, GnssDebugValuesSanityTest) {
     auto gnssDebug = gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssDebug();
     ASSERT_TRUE(gnssDebug.isOk());
     if (gnss_cb_->info_cbq_.calledCount() > 0 && gnss_cb_->last_info_.yearOfHw >= 2017) {
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/GnssCallbackEventQueue.h b/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/GnssCallbackEventQueue.h
index b1d8ed4..3dc429b 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/GnssCallbackEventQueue.h
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/GnssCallbackEventQueue.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
      * timeout_seconds to retrieve each event. If timeout occurs, it returns the number of
      * items retrieved which will be less than count.
      */
-    int retrieve(list<T>& event_list, int count, int timeout_seconds);
+    int retrieve(std::list<T>& event_list, int count, int timeout_seconds);
 
     /* Returns the number of events pending to be retrieved from the callback event queue. */
     int size() const;
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 }
 
 template <class T>
-int GnssCallbackEventQueue<T>::retrieve(list<T>& event_list, int count, int timeout_seconds) {
+int GnssCallbackEventQueue<T>::retrieve(std::list<T>& event_list, int count, int timeout_seconds) {
     for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         T event;
         if (!retrieve(event, timeout_seconds)) {