diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp b/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp
index 178020e..98e7593 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp
@@ -103,8 +103,7 @@
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::setSessionPrivateData(
         const HidlCasSessionId &sessionId, const HidlCasData& pvtData) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
-            sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -113,8 +112,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::closeSession(const HidlCasSessionId &sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
-            sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -124,8 +122,7 @@
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::processEcm(
         const HidlCasSessionId &sessionId, const HidlCasData& ecm) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
-            sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp b/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
index f79b32d..6b730eb 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> DescramblerImpl::setMediaCasSession(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
-            sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
 
     std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/FactoryLoader.h b/cas/1.0/default/FactoryLoader.h
index 45e515a..b69a1b0 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/FactoryLoader.h
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/FactoryLoader.h
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
 
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
 
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/SharedLibrary.cpp b/cas/1.0/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
index 9c7f385..90c84b8 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 namespace implementation {
 
 SharedLibrary::SharedLibrary(const String8 &path) {
-    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.string(), RTLD_NOW);
+    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.c_str(), RTLD_NOW);
 }
 
 SharedLibrary::~SharedLibrary() {
diff --git a/cas/1.1/default/CasImpl.cpp b/cas/1.1/default/CasImpl.cpp
index 4cc6017..105e036 100644
--- a/cas/1.1/default/CasImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.1/default/CasImpl.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::setSessionPrivateData(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId,
                                               const HidlCasData& pvtData) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::closeSession(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::processEcm(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId, const HidlCasData& ecm) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
diff --git a/cas/1.1/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp b/cas/1.1/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
index 309cd3c..9d2ead7 100644
--- a/cas/1.1/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.1/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> DescramblerImpl::setMediaCasSession(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
 
     std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
diff --git a/cas/1.1/default/FactoryLoader.h b/cas/1.1/default/FactoryLoader.h
index 121f90c..07dc772 100644
--- a/cas/1.1/default/FactoryLoader.h
+++ b/cas/1.1/default/FactoryLoader.h
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@
 #else
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@
 #else
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.1/default/SharedLibrary.cpp b/cas/1.1/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
index ffe4bb9..ac5dbcf 100644
--- a/cas/1.1/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.1/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 namespace implementation {
 
 SharedLibrary::SharedLibrary(const String8& path) {
-    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.string(), RTLD_NOW);
+    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.c_str(), RTLD_NOW);
 }
 
 SharedLibrary::~SharedLibrary() {
diff --git a/cas/1.2/default/CasImpl.cpp b/cas/1.2/default/CasImpl.cpp
index 46dd251..b1038bc 100644
--- a/cas/1.2/default/CasImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.2/default/CasImpl.cpp
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::setSessionPrivateData(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId,
                                               const HidlCasData& pvtData) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::closeSession(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::processEcm(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId, const HidlCasData& ecm) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
diff --git a/cas/1.2/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp b/cas/1.2/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
index 309cd3c..9d2ead7 100644
--- a/cas/1.2/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.2/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Status> DescramblerImpl::setMediaCasSession(const HidlCasSessionId& sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
 
     std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
diff --git a/cas/1.2/default/FactoryLoader.h b/cas/1.2/default/FactoryLoader.h
index a374b31..d04e64c 100644
--- a/cas/1.2/default/FactoryLoader.h
+++ b/cas/1.2/default/FactoryLoader.h
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@
 #else
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@
 #else
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.2/default/SharedLibrary.cpp b/cas/1.2/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
index ffe4bb9..ac5dbcf 100644
--- a/cas/1.2/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.2/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 namespace implementation {
 
 SharedLibrary::SharedLibrary(const String8& path) {
-    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.string(), RTLD_NOW);
+    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.c_str(), RTLD_NOW);
 }
 
 SharedLibrary::~SharedLibrary() {
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.cpp
index f08fcc0..9885e16 100644
--- a/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/aidl/default/CasImpl.cpp
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus CasImpl::setSessionPrivateData(const vector<uint8_t>& sessionId,
                                              const vector<uint8_t>& pvtData) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus CasImpl::closeSession(const vector<uint8_t>& sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus CasImpl::processEcm(const vector<uint8_t>& sessionId, const vector<uint8_t>& ecm) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(sessionId).c_str());
     shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
index a96fd46..d658887 100644
--- a/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/aidl/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus DescramblerImpl::setMediaCasSession(const vector<uint8_t>& in_sessionId) {
-    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(in_sessionId).string());
+    ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__, sessionIdToString(in_sessionId).c_str());
 
     shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/FactoryLoader.h b/cas/aidl/default/FactoryLoader.h
index 6a562f6..0767607 100644
--- a/cas/aidl/default/FactoryLoader.h
+++ b/cas/aidl/default/FactoryLoader.h
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@
 #else
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@
 #else
     String8 dirPath("/vendor/lib/mediacas");
 #endif
-    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.string());
+    DIR* pDir = opendir(dirPath.c_str());
 
     if (pDir == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.string());
+        ALOGE("Failed to open plugin directory %s", dirPath.c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.cpp b/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
index e79f383..c12d17d 100644
--- a/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
+++ b/cas/aidl/default/SharedLibrary.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 namespace cas {
 
 SharedLibrary::SharedLibrary(const String8& path) {
-    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.string(), RTLD_NOW);
+    mLibHandle = dlopen(path.c_str(), RTLD_NOW);
 }
 
 SharedLibrary::~SharedLibrary() {