diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp b/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
index 0bedc74..49a6b12 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
@@ -164,6 +164,9 @@
     }
     mCallback.clear();
     mDevice->closeOutputStream(mStream);
+    // Closing the output stream in the HAL waits for the callback to finish,
+    // and joins the callback thread. Thus is it guaranteed that the callback
+    // thread will not be accessing our object anymore.
     mStream = nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -404,6 +407,8 @@
 
 Return<Result> StreamOut::setCallback(const sp<IStreamOutCallback>& callback) {
     if (mStream->set_callback == NULL) return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    // Safe to pass 'this' because it is guaranteed that the callback thread
+    // is joined prior to exit from StreamOut's destructor.
     int result = mStream->set_callback(mStream, StreamOut::asyncCallback, this);
     if (result == 0) {
         mCallback = callback;
@@ -420,19 +425,27 @@
 // static
 int StreamOut::asyncCallback(stream_callback_event_t event, void*,
                              void* cookie) {
-    wp<StreamOut> weakSelf(reinterpret_cast<StreamOut*>(cookie));
-    sp<StreamOut> self = weakSelf.promote();
-    if (self == nullptr || self->mCallback == nullptr) return 0;
+    // It is guaranteed that the callback thread is joined prior
+    // to exiting from StreamOut's destructor. Must *not* use sp<StreamOut>
+    // here because it can make this code the last owner of StreamOut,
+    // and an attempt to run the destructor on the callback thread
+    // will cause a deadlock in the legacy HAL code.
+    StreamOut *self = reinterpret_cast<StreamOut*>(cookie);
+    // It's correct to hold an sp<> to callback because the reference
+    // in the StreamOut instance can be cleared in the meantime. There is
+    // no difference on which thread to run IStreamOutCallback's destructor.
+    sp<IStreamOutCallback> callback = self->mCallback;
+    if (callback.get() == nullptr) return 0;
     ALOGV("asyncCallback() event %d", event);
     switch (event) {
         case STREAM_CBK_EVENT_WRITE_READY:
-            self->mCallback->onWriteReady();
+            callback->onWriteReady();
             break;
         case STREAM_CBK_EVENT_DRAIN_READY:
-            self->mCallback->onDrainReady();
+            callback->onDrainReady();
             break;
         case STREAM_CBK_EVENT_ERROR:
-            self->mCallback->onError();
+            callback->onError();
             break;
         default:
             ALOGW("asyncCallback() unknown event %d", event);
diff --git a/light/2.0/default/Light.cpp b/light/2.0/default/Light.cpp
index cde1536..5484d2d 100644
--- a/light/2.0/default/Light.cpp
+++ b/light/2.0/default/Light.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
+#include <stdio.h>
+
 #include "Light.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -107,6 +109,28 @@
     {Type::WIFI,          LIGHT_ID_WIFI}
 };
 
+Return<void> Light::debug(const hidl_handle& handle, const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& /* options */) {
+    if (handle == nullptr || handle->numFds < 1) {
+        ALOGE("debug called with no handle\n");
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    int fd = handle->data[0];
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        ALOGE("invalid FD: %d\n", handle->data[0]);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    dprintf(fd, "The following lights are registered: ");
+    for (auto const& pair : mLights) {
+        const Type type = pair.first;
+        dprintf(fd, "%s,", kLogicalLights.at(type));
+    }
+    dprintf(fd, ".\n");
+    fsync(fd);
+    return Void();
+}
+
 light_device_t* getLightDevice(const char* name) {
     light_device_t* lightDevice;
     const hw_module_t* hwModule = NULL;
diff --git a/light/2.0/default/Light.h b/light/2.0/default/Light.h
index 8987036..8851461 100644
--- a/light/2.0/default/Light.h
+++ b/light/2.0/default/Light.h
@@ -42,11 +42,12 @@
 struct Light : public ILight {
     Light(std::map<Type, light_device_t*> &&lights);
 
-    // Methods from ::android::hardware::light::V2_0::ILight follow.
     Return<Status> setLight(Type type, const LightState& state)  override;
     Return<void> getSupportedTypes(getSupportedTypes_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
 
-private:
+    Return<void> debug(const hidl_handle& handle, const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& options) override;
+
+   private:
     std::map<Type, light_device_t*> mLights;
 };
 
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 61136ae..afbb1c4 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -50,10 +50,13 @@
 
 cc_library_static {
     name: "RadioVtsTestUtilBase",
-    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
     srcs : [
         "vts_test_util.cpp"
     ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.0",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_library_headers {
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp
index a81861d..8c4ccf6 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp
@@ -74,11 +74,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                      RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -95,9 +94,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -159,9 +160,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,11 +180,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE,
+             RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp
index df31563..9496688 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_DURING_VOICE_CALL ||
-                    CheckOEMError());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW,
+                                      RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_DURING_VOICE_CALL,
+                                      RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                                     CHECK_OEM_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT || CheckOEMError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID},
+                                     CHECK_OEM_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -118,8 +118,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -159,10 +160,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-                    CheckOEMError());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_AVAILABLE},
+                                     CHECK_OEM_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -223,9 +224,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp
index 130064a..e6c8934 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp
@@ -24,300 +24,296 @@
     EXPECT_LT(cardStatus.gsmUmtsSubscriptionAppIndex, (int)RadioConst::CARD_MAX_APPS);
     EXPECT_LT(cardStatus.cdmaSubscriptionAppIndex, (int)RadioConst::CARD_MAX_APPS);
     EXPECT_LT(cardStatus.imsSubscriptionAppIndex, (int)RadioConst::CARD_MAX_APPS);
-    }
+}
 
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.supplyIccPinForApp() for the response returned
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPinForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.supplyIccPinForApp() for the response returned
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPinForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-        // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
-        // 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->supplyIccPinForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"),
-                                          cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.supplyIccPukForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPukForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
-        // 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->supplyIccPukForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
-                                          cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.supplyIccPin2ForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPin2ForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
-        // 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->supplyIccPin2ForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"),
-                                           cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.supplyIccPuk2ForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPuk2ForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
-        // 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->supplyIccPuk2ForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
-                                           cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.changeIccPinForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, changeIccPinForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
-        // 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->changeIccPinForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
-                                          cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.changeIccPin2ForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, changeIccPin2ForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
-        // 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->changeIccPin2ForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
-                                           cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.getImsiForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getImsiForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Check success returned while getting imsi for 3GPP and 3GPP2 apps only
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
-                cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
-                radio->getImsiForApp(serial, cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-                EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-                EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-                EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-
-                // IMSI (MCC+MNC+MSIN) is at least 6 digits, but not more than 15
-                if (radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
-                    EXPECT_NE(radioRsp->imsi, hidl_string());
-                    EXPECT_GE((int)(radioRsp->imsi).size(), 6);
-                    EXPECT_LE((int)(radioRsp->imsi).size(), 15);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.iccIOForApp() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccIOForApp) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            IccIo iccIo;
-            iccIo.command = 0xc0;
-            iccIo.fileId = 0x6f11;
-            iccIo.path = hidl_string("3F007FFF");
-            iccIo.p1 = 0;
-            iccIo.p2 = 0;
-            iccIo.p3 = 0;
-            iccIo.data = hidl_string();
-            iccIo.pin2 = hidl_string();
-            iccIo.aid = cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr;
-
-            radio->iccIOForApp(serial, iccIo);
-            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.iccTransmitApduBasicChannel() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccTransmitApduBasicChannel) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-        SimApdu msg;
-        memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
-        msg.data = hidl_string();
-
-        radio->iccTransmitApduBasicChannel(serial, msg);
-        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-
-        // TODO(sanketpadawe): Add test for error code
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.iccOpenLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccOpenLogicalChannel) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-        int p2 = 0x04;
-        // Specified in ISO 7816-4 clause 7.1.1 0x04 means that FCP template is requested.
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            radio->iccOpenLogicalChannel(serial, cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr, p2);
+    // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
+    // 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->supplyIccPinForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"),
+                                      cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
             EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
             EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
             EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.iccCloseLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccCloseLogicalChannel) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-        // Try closing invalid channel and check INVALID_ARGUMENTS returned as error
-        radio->iccCloseLogicalChannel(serial, 0);
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.supplyIccPukForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPukForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
+    // 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->supplyIccPukForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
+                                      cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.supplyIccPin2ForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPin2ForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
+    // 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->supplyIccPin2ForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"),
+                                       cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.supplyIccPuk2ForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPuk2ForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
+    // 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->supplyIccPuk2ForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
+                                       cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.changeIccPinForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, changeIccPinForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
+    // 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->changeIccPinForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
+                                      cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.changeIccPin2ForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, changeIccPin2ForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
+    // 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->changeIccPin2ForApp(serial, hidl_string("test1"), hidl_string("test2"),
+                                       cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.getImsiForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getImsiForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Check success returned while getting imsi for 3GPP and 3GPP2 apps only
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        if (cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::SIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::USIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::RUIM ||
+            cardStatus.applications[i].appType == AppType::CSIM) {
+            radio->getImsiForApp(serial, cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+
+            // IMSI (MCC+MNC+MSIN) is at least 6 digits, but not more than 15
+            if (radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
+                EXPECT_NE(radioRsp->imsi, hidl_string());
+                EXPECT_GE((int)(radioRsp->imsi).size(), 6);
+                EXPECT_LE((int)(radioRsp->imsi).size(), 15);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.iccIOForApp() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccIOForApp) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        IccIo iccIo;
+        iccIo.command = 0xc0;
+        iccIo.fileId = 0x6f11;
+        iccIo.path = hidl_string("3F007FFF");
+        iccIo.p1 = 0;
+        iccIo.p2 = 0;
+        iccIo.p3 = 0;
+        iccIo.data = hidl_string();
+        iccIo.pin2 = hidl_string();
+        iccIo.aid = cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr;
+
+        radio->iccIOForApp(serial, iccIo);
         EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
         EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
         EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+    }
+}
 
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.iccTransmitApduBasicChannel() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccTransmitApduBasicChannel) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    SimApdu msg;
+    memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
+    msg.data = hidl_string();
+
+    radio->iccTransmitApduBasicChannel(serial, msg);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    // TODO(sanketpadawe): Add test for error code
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.iccOpenLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccOpenLogicalChannel) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    int p2 = 0x04;
+    // Specified in ISO 7816-4 clause 7.1.1 0x04 means that FCP template is requested.
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        radio->iccOpenLogicalChannel(serial, cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr, p2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.iccCloseLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccCloseLogicalChannel) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    // Try closing invalid channel and check INVALID_ARGUMENTS returned as error
+    radio->iccCloseLogicalChannel(serial, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    SimApdu msg;
+    memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
+    msg.data = hidl_string();
+
+    radio->iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel(serial, msg);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    // TODO(sanketpadawe): Add test for error code
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.requestIccSimAuthentication() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, requestIccSimAuthentication) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Pass wrong challenge string and check RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS
+    // returned as error.
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
+        radio->requestIccSimAuthentication(serial, 0, hidl_string("test"),
+                                           cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
         EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-        SimApdu msg;
-        memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
-        msg.data = hidl_string();
-
-        radio->iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel(serial, msg);
-        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-
-        // TODO(sanketpadawe): Add test for error code
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.requestIccSimAuthentication() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, requestIccSimAuthentication) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        // Pass wrong challenge string and check RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS
-        // returned as error.
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
-            radio->requestIccSimAuthentication(serial, 0, hidl_string("test"),
-                                               cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
-            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Test IRadio.supplyNetworkDepersonalization() for the response returned.
-     */
-    TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyNetworkDepersonalization) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-
-        radio->supplyNetworkDepersonalization(serial, hidl_string("test"));
-        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
-        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
-
-        if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-            ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_MEMORY ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_SIM_STATE ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR ||
-                        radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
-        }
 }
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.supplyNetworkDepersonalization() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyNetworkDepersonalization) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    radio->supplyNetworkDepersonalization(serial, hidl_string("test"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR,
+             RadioError::INVALID_SIM_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::NO_MEMORY,
+             RadioError::PASSWORD_INCORRECT, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR}));
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp
index aa9d987..4574678 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -70,9 +71,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,9 +95,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -116,11 +117,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::FDN_CHECK_FAILURE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::FDN_CHECK_FAILURE,
+                                      RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -137,7 +137,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -155,8 +156,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -174,7 +175,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+             RadioError::NO_MEMORY, RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+             RadioError::CANCELLED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -191,8 +196,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp
index 8854304..e5268f6 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::ILLEGAL_SIM_OR_ME ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::ILLEGAL_SIM_OR_ME, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -127,11 +127,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::ILLEGAL_SIM_OR_ME ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::ILLEGAL_SIM_OR_ME,
+                                      RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -148,11 +147,11 @@
                 radioRsp->rspInfo.type == RadioResponseType::SOLICITED_ACK_EXP);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::DEVICE_IN_USE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::CANCELLED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::CANCELLED, RadioError::DEVICE_IN_USE,
+                              RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED},
+                             CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
   }
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -184,7 +183,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +216,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -248,8 +249,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,8 +267,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -282,9 +284,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -300,9 +302,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                             CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -334,7 +337,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -350,8 +353,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -367,8 +370,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -384,9 +387,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -402,8 +405,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::EMPTY_RECORD);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::EMPTY_RECORD}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -419,9 +422,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -437,9 +440,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -455,10 +458,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        std::cout << static_cast<int>(radioRsp->rspInfo.error) << std::endl;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_AVAILABLE},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -474,7 +477,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -490,8 +493,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_NETWORK_FOUND);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::NO_NETWORK_FOUND},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -508,8 +512,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -525,7 +529,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -544,7 +549,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -561,7 +567,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -577,8 +584,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -596,11 +603,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                              RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                             CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -616,7 +623,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -632,7 +640,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -648,7 +657,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -667,9 +676,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -685,9 +694,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::LCE_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::LCE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -703,9 +712,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::LCE_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::LCE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -721,9 +730,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE || CheckOEMError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE},
+            CHECK_OEM_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -739,8 +749,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -764,8 +774,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 
     /* Reset back to no carrier restriction */
@@ -779,8 +789,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -796,8 +806,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -815,8 +825,8 @@
     std::cout << static_cast<int>(radioRsp->rspInfo.error) << std::endl;
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -834,8 +844,8 @@
     std::cout << static_cast<int>(radioRsp->rspInfo.error) << std::endl;
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -851,7 +861,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp
index 271a23a..469f03a 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
         EXPECT_EQ(0, radioRsp->sendSmsResult.errorCode);
     }
 }
@@ -60,9 +61,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -81,9 +83,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -143,9 +145,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -167,9 +170,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_SMS_TO_ACK);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::NO_SMS_TO_ACK},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -218,8 +221,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -236,8 +239,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -255,9 +260,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_SMS_FORMAT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_SMS_FORMAT, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -278,14 +284,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::ENCODING_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_RESOURCES ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NETWORK_NOT_READY ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_SMSC_ADDRESS);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::ENCODING_ERR, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::INVALID_SMSC_ADDRESS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::NETWORK_NOT_READY,
+             RadioError::NO_RESOURCES, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -303,12 +307,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_SUCH_ENTRY ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::ENCODING_ERR, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::NO_SUCH_ENTRY, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+             RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -354,14 +358,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_SMS_FORMAT ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_SUCH_ENTRY ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_SMSC_ADDRESS);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_SMS_FORMAT,
+             RadioError::INVALID_SMSC_ADDRESS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+             RadioError::NO_SUCH_ENTRY, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -408,12 +410,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_SUCH_ENTRY ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE,
+             RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::NO_SUCH_ENTRY, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -431,9 +432,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE,
+                                      RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp
index c3f7549..411d74c 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp
@@ -34,12 +34,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        std::cout << static_cast<int>(radioRsp->rspInfo.error) << std::endl;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                      RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -59,11 +57,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        std::cout << static_cast<int>(radioRsp->rspInfo.error) << std::endl;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -81,10 +78,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                      RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +98,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -122,8 +120,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index b5f036e..27d19cb 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -64,18 +64,4 @@
     }
     count--;
     return status;
-}
-
-bool RadioHidlTest::CheckGeneralError() {
-    return (radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-            radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_MEMORY ||
-            radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR ||
-            radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR ||
-            radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-            radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::CANCELLED);
-}
-
-bool RadioHidlTest::CheckOEMError() {
-    return (radioRsp->rspInfo.error >= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_1 &&
-            radioRsp->rspInfo.error <= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_25);
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h
index 2a7487f..a5e8701 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h
@@ -529,12 +529,6 @@
     /* Test code calls this function to wait for response */
     std::cv_status wait(int sec = TIMEOUT_PERIOD);
 
-    /* Used for checking General Errors */
-    bool CheckGeneralError();
-
-    /* Used for checking OEM Errors */
-    bool CheckOEMError();
-
     sp<IRadio> radio;
     sp<RadioResponse> radioRsp;
     sp<RadioIndication> radioInd;
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp
index 1d2f199..b3d5648 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -48,18 +48,14 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::FDN_CHECK_FAILURE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_SUBSCRIPTION ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_NETWORK_FOUND ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::DEVICE_IN_USE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::CANCELLED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::CANCELLED, RadioError::DEVICE_IN_USE, RadioError::FDN_CHECK_FAILURE,
+             RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID,
+             RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+             RadioError::NO_NETWORK_FOUND, RadioError::NO_SUBSCRIPTION,
+             RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -75,10 +71,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,8 +90,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -111,8 +108,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -128,8 +126,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -145,8 +144,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -162,8 +162,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +180,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}, CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -194,10 +196,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -213,9 +215,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                             CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -234,10 +237,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -256,10 +259,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -275,10 +278,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -294,10 +297,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -313,8 +316,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -330,10 +334,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -349,8 +353,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -366,14 +371,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        std::cout << static_cast<int>(radioRsp->rspInfo.error) << std::endl;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                      RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID, RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE,
+                                      RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -389,12 +391,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID,
+             RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -410,12 +411,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID,
+             RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+            CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -431,10 +431,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() || radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID,
+                                      RadioError::INVALID_MODEM_STATE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -450,9 +450,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
 
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE);
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
     }
 }
 
@@ -484,10 +484,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckGeneralError() ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_STATE ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::MODEM_ERR ||
-                    radioRsp->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE,
+                                      RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index bb61487..d0788dd 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(sapCb->sapResponseToken, token);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_NOT_ACCESSSIBLE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED == sapCb->sapResultCode);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        CheckAnyOfErrors(sapCb->sapResultCode,
+                         {SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE, SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF,
+                          SapResultCode::CARD_NOT_ACCESSSIBLE, SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED}));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(sapCb->sapResponseToken, token);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED == sapCb->sapResultCode);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        CheckAnyOfErrors(sapCb->sapResultCode,
+                         {SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE, SapResultCode::DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                          SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF, SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED}));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -84,11 +84,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(sapCb->sapResponseToken, token);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_NOT_ACCESSSIBLE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_ON == sapCb->sapResultCode);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+        sapCb->sapResultCode, {SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE, SapResultCode::CARD_NOT_ACCESSSIBLE,
+                               SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF, SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED,
+                               SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_ON}));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -101,10 +100,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(sapCb->sapResponseToken, token);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_NOT_ACCESSSIBLE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED == sapCb->sapResultCode);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        CheckAnyOfErrors(sapCb->sapResultCode,
+                         {SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE, SapResultCode::CARD_NOT_ACCESSSIBLE,
+                          SapResultCode::CARD_ALREADY_POWERED_OFF, SapResultCode::CARD_REMOVED}));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -117,8 +116,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(sapCb->sapResponseToken, token);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE == sapCb->sapResultCode ||
-                SapResultCode::DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE == sapCb->sapResultCode);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+        sapCb->sapResultCode, {SapResultCode::GENERIC_FAILURE, SapResultCode::DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE}));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.cpp
index c6d1f9f..7d15f35 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,42 @@
  */
 #include <vts_test_util.h>
 #include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
 
 int GetRandomSerialNumber() {
     return rand();
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+::testing::AssertionResult CheckAnyOfErrors(RadioError err, std::vector<RadioError> errors,
+                                            CheckFlag flag) {
+    const static vector<RadioError> generalErrors = {
+        RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,   RadioError::NO_MEMORY,
+        RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR,          RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR,
+        RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::CANCELLED};
+    if (flag == CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR || flag == CHECK_OEM_AND_GENERAL_ERROR) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < generalErrors.size(); i++) {
+            if (err == generalErrors[i]) {
+                return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (flag == CHECK_OEM_ERROR || flag == CHECK_OEM_AND_GENERAL_ERROR) {
+        if (err >= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_1 && err <= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_25) {
+            return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+        }
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.size(); i++) {
+        if (err == errors[i]) {
+            return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+        }
+    }
+    return testing::AssertionFailure() << "RadioError:" + toString(err) + " is returned";
+}
+
+::testing::AssertionResult CheckAnyOfErrors(SapResultCode err, std::vector<SapResultCode> errors) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.size(); i++) {
+        if (err == errors[i]) {
+            return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+        }
+    }
+    return testing::AssertionFailure() << "SapError:" + toString(err) + " is returned";
+}
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.h b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.h
index 939013f..826f0de 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.h
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_test_util.h
@@ -14,4 +14,37 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-int GetRandomSerialNumber();
\ No newline at end of file
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.0/types.h>
+
+using ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioError;
+using ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SapResultCode;
+using namespace std;
+
+enum CheckFlag {
+    CHECK_DEFAULT = 0,
+    CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR = 1,
+    CHECK_OEM_ERROR = 2,
+    CHECK_OEM_AND_GENERAL_ERROR = 3,
+    CHECK_SAP_ERROR = 4,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Generate random serial number for radio test
+ */
+int GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+/*
+ * Check multiple radio error codes which are possibly returned because of the different
+ * vendor/devices implementations. It allows optional checks for general errors or/and oem errors.
+ */
+::testing::AssertionResult CheckAnyOfErrors(RadioError err, std::vector<RadioError> generalError,
+                                            CheckFlag flag = CHECK_DEFAULT);
+/*
+ * Check multiple sap error codes which are possibly returned because of the different
+ * vendor/devices implementations.
+ */
+::testing::AssertionResult CheckAnyOfErrors(SapResultCode err, std::vector<SapResultCode> errors);
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index 10f8f62..17c2a83 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -63,11 +63,10 @@
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ALOGI("startNetworkScan, rspInfo.error = %d\n", (int32_t)radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -89,9 +88,9 @@
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %d\n",
               (int32_t)radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT,
+                                      RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,9 +107,9 @@
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ALOGI("stopNetworkScan rspInfo.error = %d\n", (int32_t)radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -132,8 +131,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
 
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -229,8 +228,9 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.type);
         EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
 
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                         {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index f03db20..c4bf1cc 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -66,17 +66,3 @@
     count--;
     return status;
 }
-
-bool RadioHidlTest_v1_1::CheckGeneralError() {
-    return (radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE ||
-            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NO_MEMORY ||
-            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR ||
-            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR ||
-            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error == RadioError::CANCELLED);
-}
-
-bool RadioHidlTest_v1_1::CheckOEMError() {
-    return (radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error >= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_1 &&
-            radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error <= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_25);
-}
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index a4f3571..64a598a 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan, rspInfo.error = %s\n", toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -72,12 +72,13 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -109,14 +110,15 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval1, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -148,14 +150,15 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval2, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -187,14 +190,15 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime1, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +230,15 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime2, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,14 +270,15 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity1, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -304,14 +310,15 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity2, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+             RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                             {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                              RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -343,14 +350,14 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+             RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -383,13 +390,13 @@
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
     if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::SIM_ABSENT ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+             RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED ||
-                    radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                      RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED}));
     }
 }