diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp
index e8f0970..06c9600 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp
@@ -100,3 +100,27 @@
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-server-lib",
+    defaults: ["VehicleHalDefaults"],
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-libgrpc",
+        "VehicleHalProtoMessageConverter",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "IVehicleHardware",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2fe97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h"
+
+#include "ProtoMessageConverter.h"
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+std::atomic<uint64_t> GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::connection_id_counter_{0};
+
+static std::shared_ptr<::grpc::ServerCredentials> getServerCredentials() {
+    // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): get secured credentials here
+    return ::grpc::InsecureServerCredentials();
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer::GrpcVehicleProxyServer(std::string serverAddr,
+                                               std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware>&& hardware)
+    : mServiceAddr(std::move(serverAddr)), mHardware(std::move(hardware)) {
+    mHardware->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [this](std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue> values) {
+                        OnVehiclePropChange(values);
+                    }));
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::GetAllPropertyConfig(
+        ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+        ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropConfig>* stream) {
+    for (const auto& config : mHardware->getAllPropertyConfigs()) {
+        proto::VehiclePropConfig protoConfig;
+        proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(config, &protoConfig);
+        if (!stream->Write(protoConfig)) {
+            return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::ABORTED, "Connection lost.");
+        }
+    }
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::SetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                                 const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                                                 proto::SetValueResults* results) {
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest> aidlRequests;
+    for (const auto& protoRequest : requests->requests()) {
+        auto& aidlRequest = aidlRequests.emplace_back();
+        aidlRequest.requestId = protoRequest.request_id();
+        proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoRequest.value(), &aidlRequest.value);
+    }
+    auto waitMtx = std::make_shared<std::mutex>();
+    auto waitCV = std::make_shared<std::condition_variable>();
+    auto complete = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto tmpResults = std::make_shared<proto::SetValueResults>();
+    auto aidlStatus = mHardware->setValues(
+            std::make_shared<const IVehicleHardware::SetValuesCallback>(
+                    [waitMtx, waitCV, complete,
+                     tmpResults](std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueResult> setValueResults) {
+                        for (const auto& aidlResult : setValueResults) {
+                            auto& protoResult = *tmpResults->add_results();
+                            protoResult.set_request_id(aidlResult.requestId);
+                            protoResult.set_status(
+                                    static_cast<proto::StatusCode>(aidlResult.status));
+                        }
+                        {
+                            std::lock_guard lck(*waitMtx);
+                            *complete = true;
+                        }
+                        waitCV->notify_all();
+                    }),
+            aidlRequests);
+    if (aidlStatus != aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware fails to set values, VHAL status: " +
+                                      toString(aidlStatus));
+    }
+    std::unique_lock lck(*waitMtx);
+    bool success = waitCV->wait_for(lck, kHardwareOpTimeout, [complete] { return *complete; });
+    if (!success) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware set values timeout.");
+    }
+    *results = std::move(*tmpResults);
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::GetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                                 const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                                                 proto::GetValueResults* results) {
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueRequest> aidlRequests;
+    for (const auto& protoRequest : requests->requests()) {
+        auto& aidlRequest = aidlRequests.emplace_back();
+        aidlRequest.requestId = protoRequest.request_id();
+        proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoRequest.value(), &aidlRequest.prop);
+    }
+    auto waitMtx = std::make_shared<std::mutex>();
+    auto waitCV = std::make_shared<std::condition_variable>();
+    auto complete = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto tmpResults = std::make_shared<proto::GetValueResults>();
+    auto aidlStatus = mHardware->getValues(
+            std::make_shared<const IVehicleHardware::GetValuesCallback>(
+                    [waitMtx, waitCV, complete,
+                     tmpResults](std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueResult> getValueResults) {
+                        for (const auto& aidlResult : getValueResults) {
+                            auto& protoResult = *tmpResults->add_results();
+                            protoResult.set_request_id(aidlResult.requestId);
+                            protoResult.set_status(
+                                    static_cast<proto::StatusCode>(aidlResult.status));
+                            if (aidlResult.prop) {
+                                auto* valuePtr = protoResult.mutable_value();
+                                proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(*aidlResult.prop, valuePtr);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        {
+                            std::lock_guard lck(*waitMtx);
+                            *complete = true;
+                        }
+                        waitCV->notify_all();
+                    }),
+            aidlRequests);
+    if (aidlStatus != aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware fails to get values, VHAL status: " +
+                                      toString(aidlStatus));
+    }
+    std::unique_lock lck(*waitMtx);
+    bool success = waitCV->wait_for(lck, kHardwareOpTimeout, [complete] { return *complete; });
+    if (!success) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware get values timeout.");
+    }
+    *results = std::move(*tmpResults);
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::StartPropertyValuesStream(
+        ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+        ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream) {
+    auto conn = std::make_shared<ConnectionDescriptor>(stream);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(mConnectionMutex);
+        mValueStreamingConnections.push_back(conn);
+    }
+    conn->Wait();
+    LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Stream lost, ID : " << conn->ID();
+    return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::ABORTED, "Connection lost.");
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::OnVehiclePropChange(
+        const std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue>& values) {
+    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> brokenConn;
+    proto::VehiclePropValues protoValues;
+    for (const auto& value : values) {
+        auto* protoValuePtr = protoValues.add_values();
+        proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(value, protoValuePtr);
+    }
+    {
+        std::shared_lock read_lock(mConnectionMutex);
+        for (auto& connection : mValueStreamingConnections) {
+            auto writeOK = connection->Write(protoValues);
+            if (!writeOK) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                           << ": Server Write failed, connection lost. ID: " << connection->ID();
+                brokenConn.insert(connection->ID());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (brokenConn.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::unique_lock write_lock(mConnectionMutex);
+    mValueStreamingConnections.erase(
+            std::remove_if(mValueStreamingConnections.begin(), mValueStreamingConnections.end(),
+                           [&brokenConn](const auto& conn) {
+                               return brokenConn.find(conn->ID()) != brokenConn.end();
+                           }),
+            mValueStreamingConnections.end());
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer& GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Start() {
+    if (mServer) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": GrpcVehicleProxyServer has already started.";
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ::grpc::ServerBuilder builder;
+    builder.RegisterService(this);
+    builder.AddListeningPort(mServiceAddr, getServerCredentials());
+    mServer = builder.BuildAndStart();
+    CHECK(mServer) << __func__ << ": failed to create the GRPC server, "
+                   << "please make sure the configuration and permissions are correct";
+    return *this;
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer& GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Shutdown() {
+    std::shared_lock read_lock(mConnectionMutex);
+    for (auto& conn : mValueStreamingConnections) {
+        conn->Shutdown();
+    }
+    if (mServer) {
+        mServer->Shutdown();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Wait() {
+    if (mServer) {
+        mServer->Wait();
+    }
+    mServer.reset();
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::~ConnectionDescriptor() {
+    Shutdown();
+}
+
+bool GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::Write(const proto::VehiclePropValues& values) {
+    if (!mStream) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Empty stream. ID: " << ID();
+        Shutdown();
+        return false;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(*mMtx);
+        if (!mShutdownFlag && mStream->Write(values)) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Server Write failed, connection lost. ID: " << ID();
+        }
+    }
+    Shutdown();
+    return false;
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::Wait() {
+    std::unique_lock lck(*mMtx);
+    mCV->wait(lck, [this] { return mShutdownFlag; });
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::Shutdown() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(*mMtx);
+        mShutdownFlag = true;
+    }
+    mCV->notify_all();
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01beec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IVehicleHardware.h"
+
+#include "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.pb.h"
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+namespace aidlvhal = ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle;
+
+// Connect other GRPC vehicle hardware(s) to the underlying vehicle hardware.
+class GrpcVehicleProxyServer : public proto::VehicleServer::Service {
+  public:
+    GrpcVehicleProxyServer(std::string serverAddr, std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware>&& hardware);
+
+    ::grpc::Status GetAllPropertyConfig(
+            ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+            ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropConfig>* stream) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status SetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                             const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                             proto::SetValueResults* results) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status GetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                             const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                             proto::GetValueResults* results) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status StartPropertyValuesStream(
+            ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+            ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream) override;
+
+    GrpcVehicleProxyServer& Start();
+
+    GrpcVehicleProxyServer& Shutdown();
+
+    void Wait();
+
+  private:
+    void OnVehiclePropChange(const std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue>& values);
+
+    // We keep long-lasting connection for streaming the prop values.
+    struct ConnectionDescriptor {
+        explicit ConnectionDescriptor(::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream)
+            : mStream(stream),
+              mConnectionID(connection_id_counter_.fetch_add(1) + 1),
+              mMtx(std::make_unique<std::mutex>()),
+              mCV(std::make_unique<std::condition_variable>()) {}
+
+        ConnectionDescriptor(const ConnectionDescriptor&) = delete;
+        ConnectionDescriptor(ConnectionDescriptor&& cd) = default;
+        ConnectionDescriptor& operator=(const ConnectionDescriptor&) = delete;
+        ConnectionDescriptor& operator=(ConnectionDescriptor&& cd) = default;
+
+        ~ConnectionDescriptor();
+
+        uint64_t ID() const { return mConnectionID; }
+
+        bool Write(const proto::VehiclePropValues& values);
+
+        void Wait();
+
+        void Shutdown();
+
+      private:
+        ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* mStream;
+        uint64_t mConnectionID{0};
+        std::unique_ptr<std::mutex> mMtx;
+        std::unique_ptr<std::condition_variable> mCV;
+        bool mShutdownFlag{false};
+
+        static std::atomic<uint64_t> connection_id_counter_;
+    };
+
+    std::string mServiceAddr;
+    std::unique_ptr<::grpc::Server> mServer{nullptr};
+    std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware> mHardware;
+
+    std::shared_mutex mConnectionMutex;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ConnectionDescriptor>> mValueStreamingConnections;
+
+    static constexpr auto kHardwareOpTimeout = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp
index efdf4ca..e53826f 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp
@@ -44,3 +44,31 @@
     ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: ["GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "IVehicleHardware",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-hardware-lib",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-server-lib",
+        "libgtest",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+    ],
+    // libgrpc++.so is installed as root, require root to access it.
+    require_root: true,
+    defaults: [
+        "VehicleHalDefaults",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49e6fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "GRPCVehicleHardware.h"
+#include "GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h"
+#include "IVehicleHardware.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.pb.h"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+const std::string kFakeServerAddr = "0.0.0.0:54321";
+
+class VehicleHardwareForTest : public IVehicleHardware {
+  public:
+    void registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> callback) override {
+        mOnProp = std::move(callback);
+    }
+
+    void onPropertyEvent(
+            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue> values) {
+        if (mOnProp) {
+            (*mOnProp)(std::move(values));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Functions that we do not care.
+    std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig>
+    getAllPropertyConfigs() const override {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode setValues(
+            std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
+            const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SetValueRequest>&
+                    requests) override {
+        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode getValues(
+            std::shared_ptr<const GetValuesCallback> callback,
+            const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::GetValueRequest>&
+                    requests) const override {
+        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    }
+
+    DumpResult dump(const std::vector<std::string>& options) override { return {}; }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode checkHealth() override {
+        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    }
+
+    void registerOnPropertySetErrorEvent(
+            std::unique_ptr<const PropertySetErrorCallback> callback) override {}
+
+  private:
+    std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> mOnProp;
+};
+
+TEST(GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest, ClientConnectDisconnect) {
+    auto testHardware = std::make_unique<VehicleHardwareForTest>();
+    // HACK: manipulate the underlying hardware via raw pointer for testing.
+    auto* testHardwareRaw = testHardware.get();
+    auto vehicleServer =
+            std::make_unique<GrpcVehicleProxyServer>(kFakeServerAddr, std::move(testHardware));
+    vehicleServer->Start();
+
+    constexpr auto kWaitForConnectionMaxTime = std::chrono::seconds(5);
+    constexpr auto kWaitForStreamStartTime = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+    constexpr auto kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+
+    auto updateReceived1 = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto vehicleHardware1 = std::make_unique<GRPCVehicleHardware>(kFakeServerAddr);
+    vehicleHardware1->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [updateReceived1](const auto&) { *updateReceived1 = true; }));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(vehicleHardware1->waitForConnected(kWaitForConnectionMaxTime));
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForStreamStartTime);
+
+    // Client hardware 1 received update from the server.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    testHardwareRaw->onPropertyEvent({});
+    // Wait for the update delivery.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived1);
+
+    // Reset.
+    *updateReceived1 = false;
+
+    auto updateReceived2 = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto vehicleHardware2 = std::make_unique<GRPCVehicleHardware>(kFakeServerAddr);
+    vehicleHardware2->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [updateReceived2](const auto&) { *updateReceived2 = true; }));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(vehicleHardware2->waitForConnected(kWaitForConnectionMaxTime));
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForStreamStartTime);
+
+    // Both client hardware 1 and 2 received update from the server.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived2);
+    testHardwareRaw->onPropertyEvent({});
+    // Wait for the update delivery.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived2);
+
+    // Reset.
+    *updateReceived1 = false;
+    *updateReceived2 = false;
+
+    vehicleHardware1.reset();
+
+    // Client 1 exited, only client hardware 2 received update from the server.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived2);
+    testHardwareRaw->onPropertyEvent({});
+    // Wait for the update delivery.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived2);
+
+    vehicleServer->Shutdown().Wait();
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization