diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp
index bbc4caf..8d430de 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp
@@ -2975,15 +2975,15 @@
 
     // The five methods below is intended to be called after the worker
     // thread has joined, thus no extra synchronization is needed.
-    bool hasObservablePositionIncrease() const { return mObservablePositionIncrease; }
-    bool hasObservableRetrogradePosition() const { return mRetrogradeObservablePosition; }
+    bool hasObservablePositionIncrease() const { return mObservable.hasPositionIncrease; }
+    bool hasObservableRetrogradePosition() const { return mObservable.hasRetrogradePosition; }
     bool hasHardwarePositionIncrease() const {
         // For non-MMap, always return true to pass the validation.
-        return mIsMmap ? mHardwarePositionIncrease : true;
+        return mIsMmap ? mHardware.hasPositionIncrease : true;
     }
     bool hasHardwareRetrogradePosition() const {
         // For non-MMap, always return false to pass the validation.
-        return mIsMmap ? mRetrogradeHardwarePosition : false;
+        return mIsMmap ? mHardware.hasRetrogradePosition : false;
     }
     std::string getUnexpectedStateTransition() const { return mUnexpectedTransition; }
 
@@ -3011,25 +3011,9 @@
     }
     bool interceptRawReply(const StreamDescriptor::Reply&) override { return false; }
     bool processValidReply(const StreamDescriptor::Reply& reply) override {
-        if (reply.observable.frames != StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN) {
-            if (mPreviousObservableFrames.has_value()) {
-                if (reply.observable.frames > mPreviousObservableFrames.value()) {
-                    mObservablePositionIncrease = true;
-                } else if (reply.observable.frames < mPreviousObservableFrames.value()) {
-                    mRetrogradeObservablePosition = true;
-                }
-            }
-            mPreviousObservableFrames = reply.observable.frames;
-        }
+        mObservable.update(reply.observable.frames);
         if (mIsMmap) {
-            if (mPreviousHardwareFrames.has_value()) {
-                if (reply.hardware.frames > mPreviousHardwareFrames.value()) {
-                    mHardwarePositionIncrease = true;
-                } else if (reply.hardware.frames < mPreviousHardwareFrames.value()) {
-                    mRetrogradeHardwarePosition = true;
-                }
-            }
-            mPreviousHardwareFrames = reply.hardware.frames;
+            mHardware.update(reply.hardware.frames);
         }
 
         auto expected = mCommands->getExpectedStates();
@@ -3054,16 +3038,30 @@
     }
 
   protected:
+    struct FramesCounter {
+        std::optional<int64_t> previous;
+        bool hasPositionIncrease = false;
+        bool hasRetrogradePosition = false;
+
+        void update(int64_t position) {
+            if (position == StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN) return;
+            if (previous.has_value()) {
+                if (position > previous.value()) {
+                    hasPositionIncrease = true;
+                } else if (position < previous.value()) {
+                    hasRetrogradePosition = true;
+                }
+            }
+            previous = position;
+        }
+    };
+
     std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> mCommands;
     const size_t mFrameSizeBytes;
     const bool mIsMmap;
     std::optional<StreamDescriptor::State> mPreviousState;
-    std::optional<int64_t> mPreviousObservableFrames;
-    bool mObservablePositionIncrease = false;
-    bool mRetrogradeObservablePosition = false;
-    std::optional<int64_t> mPreviousHardwareFrames;
-    bool mHardwarePositionIncrease = false;
-    bool mRetrogradeHardwarePosition = false;
+    FramesCounter mObservable;
+    FramesCounter mHardware;
     std::string mUnexpectedTransition;
 };
 
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp
index 5e2cbe3..6d5a9a2 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp
@@ -276,29 +276,35 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource:
+ * FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource:
  *
- * Search through a GnssSvStatus list for the strongest non-GPS satellite observed enough times
+ * Search through a GnssSvStatus list for the strongest blockable satellite observed enough times
  *
  * returns the strongest source,
  *         or a source with constellation == UNKNOWN if none are found sufficient times
  */
-BlocklistedSource GnssHalTest::FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(
+BlocklistedSource GnssHalTest::FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(
         const std::list<hidl_vec<IGnssCallback_2_1::GnssSvInfo>> sv_info_list,
         const int min_observations) {
-    return FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(convertToAidl(sv_info_list), min_observations);
+    return FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(convertToAidl(sv_info_list), min_observations);
 }
 
-BlocklistedSource GnssHalTest::FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(
+BlocklistedSource GnssHalTest::FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(
         const std::list<std::vector<IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo>> sv_info_list,
         const int min_observations) {
     std::map<ComparableBlocklistedSource, SignalCounts> mapSignals;
 
+    bool isCnBuild = Utils::isCnBuild();
+    ALOGD("isCnBuild: %s", isCnBuild ? "true" : "false");
     for (const auto& sv_info_vec : sv_info_list) {
         for (uint32_t iSv = 0; iSv < sv_info_vec.size(); iSv++) {
             const auto& gnss_sv = sv_info_vec[iSv];
             if ((gnss_sv.svFlag & (int)IGnssCallback::GnssSvFlags::USED_IN_FIX) &&
                 (gnss_sv.constellation != GnssConstellationType::GPS)) {
+                if (isCnBuild && (gnss_sv.constellation == GnssConstellationType::BEIDOU)) {
+                    // Do not blocklist BDS on CN builds
+                    continue;
+                }
                 ComparableBlocklistedSource source;
                 source.id.svid = gnss_sv.svid;
                 source.id.constellation = gnss_sv.constellation;
@@ -343,7 +349,7 @@
     return source_to_blocklist.id;
 }
 
-GnssConstellationType GnssHalTest::startLocationAndGetNonGpsConstellation(
+GnssConstellationType GnssHalTest::startLocationAndGetBlockableConstellation(
         const int locations_to_await, const int gnss_sv_info_list_timeout) {
     if (aidl_gnss_hal_->getInterfaceVersion() <= 1) {
         return static_cast<GnssConstellationType>(
@@ -360,7 +366,9 @@
     ALOGD("Observed %d GnssSvInfo, while awaiting %d Locations (%d received)",
           sv_info_list_cbq_size, locations_to_await, location_called_count);
 
-    // Find first non-GPS constellation to blocklist
+    bool isCnBuild = Utils::isCnBuild();
+    ALOGD("isCnBuild: %s", isCnBuild ? "true" : "false");
+    // Find first blockable constellation to blocklist
     GnssConstellationType constellation_to_blocklist = GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN;
     for (int i = 0; i < sv_info_list_cbq_size; ++i) {
         std::vector<IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo> sv_info_vec;
@@ -370,7 +378,11 @@
             if ((gnss_sv.svFlag & (uint32_t)IGnssCallback::GnssSvFlags::USED_IN_FIX) &&
                 (gnss_sv.constellation != GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN) &&
                 (gnss_sv.constellation != GnssConstellationType::GPS)) {
-                // found a non-GPS constellation
+                if (isCnBuild && (gnss_sv.constellation == GnssConstellationType::BEIDOU)) {
+                    // Do not blocklist BDS on CN builds
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // found a blockable constellation
                 constellation_to_blocklist = gnss_sv.constellation;
                 break;
             }
@@ -381,11 +393,11 @@
     }
 
     if (constellation_to_blocklist == GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN) {
-        ALOGI("No non-GPS constellations found, constellation blocklist test less effective.");
+        ALOGI("No blockable constellations found, constellation blocklist test less effective.");
         // Proceed functionally to blocklist something.
         constellation_to_blocklist = GnssConstellationType::GLONASS;
     }
-
+    ALOGD("Constellation to blocklist: %d", constellation_to_blocklist);
     return constellation_to_blocklist;
 }
 
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.h b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.h
index 88d01c1..dec5856 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.h
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.h
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@
     void StartAndCheckLocations(const int count);
     void StartAndCheckLocations(const int count, const bool start_sv_status, const bool start_nmea);
 
-    android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType startLocationAndGetNonGpsConstellation(
+    android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType startLocationAndGetBlockableConstellation(
             const int locations_to_await, const int gnss_sv_info_list_timeout);
     std::list<std::vector<android::hardware::gnss::IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo>> convertToAidl(
             const std::list<hidl_vec<android::hardware::gnss::V2_1::IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo>>&
                     sv_info_list);
-    android::hardware::gnss::BlocklistedSource FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(
+    android::hardware::gnss::BlocklistedSource FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(
             const std::list<hidl_vec<android::hardware::gnss::V2_1::IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo>>
                     sv_info_list,
             const int min_observations);
-    android::hardware::gnss::BlocklistedSource FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(
+    android::hardware::gnss::BlocklistedSource FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(
             const std::list<std::vector<android::hardware::gnss::IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo>>
                     sv_info_list,
             const int min_observations);
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
index f7408d8..091b523 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
@@ -657,19 +657,19 @@
                                                          kGnssSvInfoListTimeout);
         ASSERT_EQ(count, sv_info_list_cbq_size);
         source_to_blocklist =
-                FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(sv_info_vec_list, kLocationsToAwait - 1);
+                FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(sv_info_vec_list, kLocationsToAwait - 1);
     } else {
         std::list<std::vector<IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo>> sv_info_vec_list;
         int count = aidl_gnss_cb_->sv_info_list_cbq_.retrieve(
                 sv_info_vec_list, sv_info_list_cbq_size, kGnssSvInfoListTimeout);
         ASSERT_EQ(count, sv_info_list_cbq_size);
         source_to_blocklist =
-                FindStrongFrequentNonGpsSource(sv_info_vec_list, kLocationsToAwait - 1);
+                FindStrongFrequentBlockableSource(sv_info_vec_list, kLocationsToAwait - 1);
     }
 
     if (source_to_blocklist.constellation == GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN) {
-        // Cannot find a non-GPS satellite. Let the test pass.
-        ALOGD("Cannot find a non-GPS satellite. Letting the test pass.");
+        // Cannot find a blockable satellite. Let the test pass.
+        ALOGD("Cannot find a blockable satellite. Letting the test pass.");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -816,8 +816,8 @@
  * BlocklistConstellationLocationOff:
  *
  * 1) Turns on location, waits for 3 locations, ensuring they are valid, and checks corresponding
- * GnssStatus for any non-GPS constellations.
- * 2a & b) Turns off location, and blocklist first non-GPS constellations.
+ * GnssStatus for any blockable constellations.
+ * 2a & b) Turns off location, and blocklist first blockable constellations.
  * 3) Restart location, wait for 3 locations, ensuring they are valid, and checks corresponding
  * GnssStatus does not use any constellation but GPS.
  * 4a & b) Clean up by turning off location, and send in empty blocklist.
@@ -833,9 +833,9 @@
     const int kLocationsToAwait = 3;
     const int kGnssSvInfoListTimeout = 2;
 
-    // Find first non-GPS constellation to blocklist
+    // Find first blockable constellation to blocklist
     GnssConstellationType constellation_to_blocklist = static_cast<GnssConstellationType>(
-            startLocationAndGetNonGpsConstellation(kLocationsToAwait, kGnssSvInfoListTimeout));
+            startLocationAndGetBlockableConstellation(kLocationsToAwait, kGnssSvInfoListTimeout));
 
     // Turns off location
     StopAndClearLocations();
@@ -919,8 +919,8 @@
  * BlocklistConstellationLocationOn:
  *
  * 1) Turns on location, waits for 3 locations, ensuring they are valid, and checks corresponding
- * GnssStatus for any non-GPS constellations.
- * 2a & b) Blocklist first non-GPS constellation, and turn off location.
+ * GnssStatus for any blockable constellations.
+ * 2a & b) Blocklist first blockable constellation, and turn off location.
  * 3) Restart location, wait for 3 locations, ensuring they are valid, and checks corresponding
  * GnssStatus does not use any constellation but GPS.
  * 4a & b) Clean up by turning off location, and send in empty blocklist.
@@ -936,9 +936,9 @@
     const int kLocationsToAwait = 3;
     const int kGnssSvInfoListTimeout = 2;
 
-    // Find first non-GPS constellation to blocklist
+    // Find first blockable constellation to blocklist
     GnssConstellationType constellation_to_blocklist = static_cast<GnssConstellationType>(
-            startLocationAndGetNonGpsConstellation(kLocationsToAwait, kGnssSvInfoListTimeout));
+            startLocationAndGetBlockableConstellation(kLocationsToAwait, kGnssSvInfoListTimeout));
 
     BlocklistedSource source_to_blocklist_1;
     source_to_blocklist_1.constellation = constellation_to_blocklist;
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/vts/Utils.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/vts/Utils.cpp
index e3ff0f3..38afaf3 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/vts/Utils.cpp
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/vts/Utils.cpp
@@ -319,6 +319,24 @@
     return d * 1000;  // meters
 }
 
+// Returns true iff the device has the specified feature.
+bool Utils::deviceSupportsFeature(const char* feature) {
+    bool device_supports_feature = false;
+    FILE* p = popen("/system/bin/pm list features", "re");
+    if (p) {
+        char* line = NULL;
+        size_t len = 0;
+        while (getline(&line, &len, p) > 0) {
+            if (strstr(line, feature)) {
+                device_supports_feature = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        pclose(p);
+    }
+    return device_supports_feature;
+}
+
 }  // namespace common
 }  // namespace gnss
 }  // namespace hardware
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/Utils.h b/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/Utils.h
index 62d409a..09b99c4 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/Utils.h
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/vts/include/Utils.h
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@
     static bool isAutomotiveDevice();
     static double distanceMeters(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2);
 
+    // Returns true iff the device has the specified feature.
+    static bool deviceSupportsFeature(const char* feature);
+
+    static bool isCnBuild() { return deviceSupportsFeature("cn.google.services"); }
+
   private:
     template <class T>
     static int64_t getLocationTimestampMillis(const T&);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.cpp
index 00db2b8..27aca60 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.cpp
@@ -70,26 +70,60 @@
     };
 }
 
-aidl::CarrierRestrictions toAidl(const V1_0::CarrierRestrictions& cr) {
+static aidl::CarrierInfo toCarrierInfo(const aidl::Carrier& carrier) {
     return {
-            .allowedCarriers = toAidl(cr.allowedCarriers),
-            .excludedCarriers = toAidl(cr.excludedCarriers),
+            .mcc = carrier.mcc,
+            .mnc = carrier.mnc,
+    };
+}
+
+static std::vector<aidl::CarrierInfo> toCarrierInfos(const std::vector<aidl::Carrier>& carriers) {
+    std::vector<aidl::CarrierInfo> infos(carriers.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < carriers.size(); i++) {
+        infos[i] = toCarrierInfo(carriers[i]);
+    }
+    return infos;
+}
+
+V1_0::Carrier toHidl(const aidl::CarrierInfo& carrierInfo) {
+    return {
+            .mcc = carrierInfo.mcc,
+            .mnc = carrierInfo.mnc,
+    };
+}
+
+aidl::CarrierRestrictions toAidl(const V1_0::CarrierRestrictions& cr) {
+    auto allowedCarriers = toAidl(cr.allowedCarriers);
+    auto excludedCarriers = toAidl(cr.excludedCarriers);
+    return {
+            .allowedCarriers = allowedCarriers,
+            .excludedCarriers = excludedCarriers,
             .allowedCarriersPrioritized = true,
+            .allowedCarrierInfoList = toCarrierInfos(allowedCarriers),
+            .excludedCarrierInfoList = toCarrierInfos(excludedCarriers),
     };
 }
 
 aidl::CarrierRestrictions toAidl(const V1_4::CarrierRestrictionsWithPriority& cr) {
+    auto allowedCarriers = toAidl(cr.allowedCarriers);
+    auto excludedCarriers = toAidl(cr.excludedCarriers);
     return {
-            .allowedCarriers = toAidl(cr.allowedCarriers),
-            .excludedCarriers = toAidl(cr.excludedCarriers),
+            .allowedCarriers = allowedCarriers,
+            .excludedCarriers = excludedCarriers,
             .allowedCarriersPrioritized = cr.allowedCarriersPrioritized,
+            .allowedCarrierInfoList = toCarrierInfos(allowedCarriers),
+            .excludedCarrierInfoList = toCarrierInfos(excludedCarriers),
     };
 }
 
 V1_4::CarrierRestrictionsWithPriority toHidl(const aidl::CarrierRestrictions& cr) {
     return {
-            .allowedCarriers = toHidl(cr.allowedCarriers),
-            .excludedCarriers = toHidl(cr.excludedCarriers),
+            .allowedCarriers = (cr.allowedCarriers.size() > cr.allowedCarrierInfoList.size())
+                                       ? toHidl(cr.allowedCarriers)
+                                       : toHidl(cr.allowedCarrierInfoList),
+            .excludedCarriers = (cr.excludedCarriers.size() > cr.excludedCarrierInfoList.size())
+                                        ? toHidl(cr.excludedCarriers)
+                                        : toHidl(cr.excludedCarrierInfoList),
             .allowedCarriersPrioritized = cr.allowedCarriersPrioritized,
     };
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.h
index 54099b7..7774bee 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/structs.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::Carrier toAidl(const V1_0::Carrier& carrier);
 V1_0::Carrier toHidl(const ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::Carrier& carrier);
+V1_0::Carrier toHidl(const ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::CarrierInfo& carrierInfo);
 
 ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::CarrierRestrictions  //
 toAidl(const V1_0::CarrierRestrictions& cr);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
index 6ffe2c5..2823977 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
@@ -485,8 +485,10 @@
     } else {
         carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList.resize(1);
         carrierRestrictions.excludedCarrierInfoList.resize(0);
-        carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mcc = std::string("321");
-        carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mnc = std::string("654");
+        // TODO(b/365568518): change mcc/mnc to something else once CF fully supports
+        // setAllowedCarriers
+        carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mcc = std::string("123");
+        carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mnc = std::string("456");
         carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].spn = std::string("TestNetwork");
         carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].gid1 = std::string("BAE000000000000");
         carrierRestrictions.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].gid2 = std::string("AE0000000000000");
@@ -517,7 +519,7 @@
                 sleep(2);
                 updateSimCardStatus();
             }
-            // TODO: uncomment once CF fully supports setAllowedCarriers
+            // TODO(b/365568518): uncomment once CF fully supports setAllowedCarriers
             // EXPECT_EQ(CardStatus::STATE_RESTRICTED, cardStatus.cardState);
         }
 
@@ -545,19 +547,21 @@
         } else {
             ASSERT_EQ(1, radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList.size());
             EXPECT_EQ(0, radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.excludedCarrierInfoList.size());
-            ASSERT_TRUE(std::string("321") ==
-                        radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mcc);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(std::string("654") ==
-                        radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mnc);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(std::string("BAE000000000000") ==
+            ASSERT_EQ(std::string("123"),
+                      radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mcc);
+            ASSERT_EQ(std::string("456"),
+                      radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].mnc);
+#if 0  // TODO(b/365568518): enable once CF fully supports setAllowedCarriers
+            ASSERT_EQ(std::string("BAE000000000000"),
                         radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].gid1);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(std::string("AE0000000000000") ==
+            ASSERT_EQ(std::string("AE0000000000000"),
                         radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].gid2);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(std::string("9987") ==
+            ASSERT_EQ(std::string("9987"),
                         radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarrierInfoList[0].imsiPrefix);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarriersPrioritized);
             EXPECT_EQ(CarrierRestrictions::CarrierRestrictionStatus::RESTRICTED,
                       radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.status);
+#endif
+            ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_sim->carrierRestrictionsResp.allowedCarriersPrioritized);
             EXPECT_EQ(SimLockMultiSimPolicy::NO_MULTISIM_POLICY, radioRsp_sim->multiSimPolicyResp);
         }
         sleep(10);
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp b/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
index b382822..6f5e5f7 100644
--- a/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
     prebuilts: [
         "secure_element.rc",
         "secure_element.xml",
-        "android.hardware.se.omapi.ese.prebuilt.xml", // <feature>
+        // TODO (b/289193458): Add this back when access control is implemented for cuttlefish.
+        // "android.hardware.se.omapi.ese.prebuilt.xml", // <feature>
     ],
 }
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h b/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
index b7c32ca..141f243 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
+++ b/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.h"
 
+#include <hwtrust/hwtrust.h>
 #include <keymaster/cppcose/cppcose.h>
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov {
@@ -176,7 +177,8 @@
  */
 ErrMsgOr<std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>> verifyFactoryCsr(
         const cppbor::Array& keysToSign, const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr,
-        IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* provisionable, const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge);
+        IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* provisionable, const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge,
+        bool allowDegenerate = true);
 /**
  * Verify the CSR as if the device is a final production sample.
  */
@@ -188,4 +190,9 @@
 /** Checks whether the CSR has a proper DICE chain. */
 ErrMsgOr<bool> isCsrWithProperDiceChain(const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr);
 
+/** Verify the DICE chain. */
+ErrMsgOr<std::vector<BccEntryData>> validateBcc(const cppbor::Array* bcc,
+                                                hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind kind, bool allowAnyMode,
+                                                bool allowDegenerate);
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
index 646037c..a679340 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <cppbor.h>
-#include <hwtrust/hwtrust.h>
 #include <json/json.h>
 #include <keymaster/km_openssl/ec_key.h>
 #include <keymaster/km_openssl/ecdsa_operation.h>
@@ -325,7 +324,8 @@
 }
 
 ErrMsgOr<std::vector<BccEntryData>> validateBcc(const cppbor::Array* bcc,
-                                                hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind kind, bool allowAnyMode) {
+                                                hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind kind, bool allowAnyMode,
+                                                bool allowDegenerate) {
     auto encodedBcc = bcc->encode();
 
     // Use ro.build.type instead of ro.debuggable because ro.debuggable=1 for VTS testing
@@ -336,6 +336,11 @@
 
     auto chain = hwtrust::DiceChain::Verify(encodedBcc, kind, allowAnyMode);
     if (!chain.ok()) return chain.error().message();
+
+    if (!allowDegenerate && !chain->IsProper()) {
+        return "DICE chain is degenerate";
+    }
+
     auto keys = chain->CosePublicKeys();
     if (!keys.ok()) return keys.error().message();
     std::vector<BccEntryData> result;
@@ -701,7 +706,8 @@
     }
 
     // BCC is [ pubkey, + BccEntry]
-    auto bccContents = validateBcc(bcc->asArray(), hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr13, allowAnyMode);
+    auto bccContents = validateBcc(bcc->asArray(), hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr13, allowAnyMode,
+                                   /*allowDegenerate=*/true);
     if (!bccContents) {
         return bccContents.message() + "\n" + prettyPrint(bcc.get());
     }
@@ -997,7 +1003,8 @@
 
 ErrMsgOr<bytevec> parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequest(const std::vector<uint8_t>& request,
                                                        const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge,
-                                                       bool allowAnyMode = false) {
+                                                       bool allowAnyMode = false,
+                                                       bool allowDegenerate = true) {
     auto [parsedRequest, _, csrErrMsg] = cppbor::parse(request);
     if (!parsedRequest) {
         return csrErrMsg;
@@ -1035,19 +1042,20 @@
         return diceChainKind.message();
     }
 
-    auto diceContents = validateBcc(diceCertChain, *diceChainKind, allowAnyMode);
+    auto diceContents = validateBcc(diceCertChain, *diceChainKind, allowAnyMode, allowDegenerate);
     if (!diceContents) {
         return diceContents.message() + "\n" + prettyPrint(diceCertChain);
     }
 
-    auto& udsPub = diceContents->back().pubKey;
+    auto udsPub = diceCertChain->get(0)->asMap()->encode();
+    auto& kmDiceKey = diceContents->back().pubKey;
 
     auto error = validateUdsCerts(*udsCerts, udsPub);
     if (!error.empty()) {
         return error;
     }
 
-    auto signedPayload = verifyAndParseCoseSign1(signedData, udsPub, {} /* aad */);
+    auto signedPayload = verifyAndParseCoseSign1(signedData, kmDiceKey, {} /* aad */);
     if (!signedPayload) {
         return signedPayload.message();
     }
@@ -1064,7 +1072,8 @@
                                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr,
                                                    IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* provisionable,
                                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge,
-                                                   bool isFactory, bool allowAnyMode = false) {
+                                                   bool isFactory, bool allowAnyMode = false,
+                                                   bool allowDegenerate = true) {
     RpcHardwareInfo info;
     provisionable->getHardwareInfo(&info);
     if (info.versionNumber != 3) {
@@ -1072,7 +1081,8 @@
                ") does not match expected version (3).";
     }
 
-    auto csrPayload = parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequest(csr, challenge, allowAnyMode);
+    auto csrPayload =
+            parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequest(csr, challenge, allowAnyMode, allowDegenerate);
     if (!csrPayload) {
         return csrPayload.message();
     }
@@ -1082,8 +1092,10 @@
 
 ErrMsgOr<std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>> verifyFactoryCsr(
         const cppbor::Array& keysToSign, const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr,
-        IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* provisionable, const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge) {
-    return verifyCsr(keysToSign, csr, provisionable, challenge, /*isFactory=*/true);
+        IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* provisionable, const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge,
+        bool allowDegenerate) {
+    return verifyCsr(keysToSign, csr, provisionable, challenge, /*isFactory=*/true,
+                     /*allowAnyMode=*/false, allowDegenerate);
 }
 
 ErrMsgOr<std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>> verifyProductionCsr(
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp
index 89469f1..82121cb 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,41 @@
 using ::testing::ElementsAreArray;
 using byte_view = std::span<const uint8_t>;
 
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kDegenerateBcc{
+        0x82, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x27, 0x04, 0x81, 0x02, 0x20, 0x06, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xf5,
+        0x5a, 0xfb, 0x28, 0x06, 0x48, 0x68, 0xea, 0x49, 0x3e, 0x47, 0x80, 0x1d, 0xfe, 0x1f, 0xfc,
+        0xa8, 0x84, 0xb3, 0x4d, 0xdb, 0x99, 0xc7, 0xbf, 0x23, 0x53, 0xe5, 0x71, 0x92, 0x41, 0x9b,
+        0x46, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x27, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x75, 0xa9, 0x01, 0x78, 0x28, 0x31,
+        0x64, 0x34, 0x35, 0x65, 0x33, 0x35, 0x63, 0x34, 0x35, 0x37, 0x33, 0x31, 0x61, 0x32, 0x62,
+        0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x63, 0x33, 0x63, 0x65, 0x35, 0x31, 0x36, 0x66, 0x35, 0x63, 0x31,
+        0x66, 0x34, 0x33, 0x61, 0x62, 0x64, 0x36, 0x30, 0x62, 0x02, 0x78, 0x28, 0x31, 0x64, 0x34,
+        0x35, 0x65, 0x33, 0x35, 0x63, 0x34, 0x35, 0x37, 0x33, 0x31, 0x61, 0x32, 0x62, 0x34, 0x35,
+        0x36, 0x37, 0x63, 0x33, 0x63, 0x65, 0x35, 0x31, 0x36, 0x66, 0x35, 0x63, 0x31, 0x66, 0x34,
+        0x33, 0x61, 0x62, 0x64, 0x36, 0x30, 0x62, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x50, 0x58, 0x40, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x53, 0x41, 0xa0, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x52,
+        0x58, 0x40, 0x71, 0xd7, 0x47, 0x9e, 0x61, 0xb5, 0x30, 0xa3, 0xda, 0xe6, 0xac, 0xb2, 0x91,
+        0xa4, 0xf9, 0xcf, 0x7f, 0xba, 0x6b, 0x5f, 0xf9, 0xa3, 0x7f, 0xba, 0xab, 0xac, 0x69, 0xdd,
+        0x0b, 0x04, 0xd6, 0x34, 0xd2, 0x3f, 0x8f, 0x84, 0x96, 0xd7, 0x58, 0x51, 0x1d, 0x68, 0x25,
+        0xea, 0xbe, 0x11, 0x11, 0x1e, 0xd8, 0xdf, 0x4b, 0x62, 0x78, 0x5c, 0xa8, 0xfa, 0xb7, 0x66,
+        0x4e, 0x8d, 0xac, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x4c, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x54, 0x58, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58,
+        0x2d, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x27, 0x04, 0x81, 0x02, 0x20, 0x06, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xf5,
+        0x5a, 0xfb, 0x28, 0x06, 0x48, 0x68, 0xea, 0x49, 0x3e, 0x47, 0x80, 0x1d, 0xfe, 0x1f, 0xfc,
+        0xa8, 0x84, 0xb3, 0x4d, 0xdb, 0x99, 0xc7, 0xbf, 0x23, 0x53, 0xe5, 0x71, 0x92, 0x41, 0x9b,
+        0x46, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x40, 0x31, 0x5c, 0x43, 0x87, 0xf9,
+        0xbb, 0xb9, 0x45, 0x09, 0xa8, 0xe8, 0x08, 0x70, 0xc4, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0x4e, 0x5a, 0x19, 0x10,
+        0x4f, 0xa3, 0x21, 0x20, 0x34, 0x05, 0x5b, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x91, 0xd1, 0xe2, 0x39, 0x43, 0x8b,
+        0x50, 0x12, 0x82, 0x37, 0xfe, 0xa4, 0x07, 0xc3, 0xd5, 0xc3, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xf9, 0xef, 0xe1,
+        0x95, 0x38, 0x9f, 0xb0, 0x79, 0x16, 0x4c, 0x4a, 0x23, 0xc4, 0xdc, 0x35, 0x4e, 0x0f};
+
 inline bool equal_byte_views(const byte_view& view1, const byte_view& view2) {
     return std::equal(view1.begin(), view1.end(), view2.begin(), view2.end());
 }
@@ -258,5 +293,14 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(eekPubY, ElementsAreArray(geek->getBstrValue(CoseKey::PUBKEY_Y).value_or(empty)));
 }
 
+TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, validateBccDegenerate) {
+    auto [bcc, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(kDegenerateBcc);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bcc) << "Error: " << errMsg;
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(validateBcc(bcc->asArray(), hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr16,
+                            /*allowAnyMode=*/false, /*allowDegenerate=*/true));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(validateBcc(bcc->asArray(), hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr16,
+                             /*allowAnyMode=*/false, /*allowDegenerate=*/false));
+}
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov