diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h b/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h
index 2aaa781..d87bbd4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h
@@ -104,6 +104,30 @@
            device == ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::OUT_TELEPHONY_TX;
 }
 
+constexpr bool isUsbInputDeviceType(::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::IN_DOCK:
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::IN_ACCESSORY:
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::IN_DEVICE:
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::IN_HEADSET:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+constexpr bool isUsbOutputtDeviceType(::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::OUT_DOCK:
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::OUT_ACCESSORY:
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::OUT_DEVICE:
+        case ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType::OUT_HEADSET:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
 constexpr bool isValidAudioMode(::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioMode mode) {
     return std::find(kValidAudioModes.begin(), kValidAudioModes.end(), mode) !=
            kValidAudioModes.end();
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 856f83f..21616be 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@
     name: "aidlaudioservice_defaults",
     vendor: true,
     shared_libs: [
+        "libalsautilsv2",
         "libaudioaidlcommon",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libfmq",
         "libstagefright_foundation",
+        "libtinyalsav2",
         "libutils",
         "libxml2",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
@@ -71,6 +73,9 @@
         "Stream.cpp",
         "StreamStub.cpp",
         "Telephony.cpp",
+        "usb/ModuleUsb.cpp",
+        "usb/StreamUsb.cpp",
+        "usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp",
     ],
     generated_sources: [
         "audio_policy_configuration_aidl_default",
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
index 905ff2c..2f6ab2f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@
 
 #include "core-impl/Bluetooth.h"
 #include "core-impl/Module.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleUsb.h"
 #include "core-impl/SoundDose.h"
 #include "core-impl/StreamStub.h"
+#include "core-impl/StreamUsb.h"
 #include "core-impl/Telephony.h"
 #include "core-impl/utils.h"
 
@@ -104,6 +106,42 @@
 
 }  // namespace
 
+// static
+std::shared_ptr<Module> Module::createInstance(Type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case Module::Type::USB:
+            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ModuleUsb>(type);
+        case Type::DEFAULT:
+        case Type::R_SUBMIX:
+        default:
+            return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Module>(type);
+    }
+}
+
+// static
+StreamIn::CreateInstance Module::getStreamInCreator(Type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case Type::USB:
+            return StreamInUsb::createInstance;
+        case Type::DEFAULT:
+        case Type::R_SUBMIX:
+        default:
+            return StreamInStub::createInstance;
+    }
+}
+
+// static
+StreamOut::CreateInstance Module::getStreamOutCreator(Type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case Type::USB:
+            return StreamOutUsb::createInstance;
+        case Type::DEFAULT:
+        case Type::R_SUBMIX:
+        default:
+            return StreamOutStub::createInstance;
+    }
+}
+
 void Module::cleanUpPatch(int32_t patchId) {
     erase_all_values(mPatches, std::set<int32_t>{patchId});
 }
@@ -153,6 +191,7 @@
                 std::make_unique<StreamContext::CommandMQ>(1, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/),
                 std::make_unique<StreamContext::ReplyMQ>(1, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/),
                 portConfigIt->format.value(), portConfigIt->channelMask.value(),
+                portConfigIt->sampleRate.value().value,
                 std::make_unique<StreamContext::DataMQ>(frameSize * in_bufferSizeFrames),
                 asyncCallback, outEventCallback, params);
         if (temp.isValid()) {
@@ -261,6 +300,7 @@
                 break;
             case Type::USB:
                 mConfig = std::move(internal::getUsbConfiguration());
+                break;
         }
     }
     return *mConfig;
@@ -401,6 +441,8 @@
     if (!mDebug.simulateDeviceConnections) {
         // In a real HAL here we would attempt querying the profiles from the device.
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to query supported device profiles";
+        // TODO: Check the return value when it is ready for actual devices.
+        populateConnectedDevicePort(&connectedPort);
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
     }
 
@@ -560,10 +602,9 @@
     }
     context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
     std::shared_ptr<StreamIn> stream;
-    // TODO: Add a mapping from module instance names to a corresponding 'createInstance'.
-    if (auto status = StreamInStub::createInstance(in_args.sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
-                                                   mConfig->microphones, &stream);
-        !status.isOk()) {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = getStreamInCreator(mType)(in_args.sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+                                                          mConfig->microphones, &stream);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
         return status;
     }
     StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
@@ -615,10 +656,9 @@
     }
     context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
     std::shared_ptr<StreamOut> stream;
-    // TODO: Add a mapping from module instance names to a corresponding 'createInstance'.
-    if (auto status = StreamOutStub::createInstance(in_args.sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
-                                                    in_args.offloadInfo, &stream);
-        !status.isOk()) {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = getStreamOutCreator(mType)(
+            in_args.sourceMetadata, std::move(context), in_args.offloadInfo, &stream);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
         return status;
     }
     StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
@@ -696,6 +736,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (auto status = checkAudioPatchEndpointsMatch(sources, sinks); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
     auto& patches = getConfig().patches;
     auto existing = patches.end();
     std::optional<decltype(mPatches)> patchesBackup;
@@ -1190,4 +1234,16 @@
     return mIsMmapSupported.value();
 }
 
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::populateConnectedDevicePort(AudioPort* audioPort __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": do nothing and return ok";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::checkAudioPatchEndpointsMatch(
+        const std::vector<AudioPortConfig*>& sources __unused,
+        const std::vector<AudioPortConfig*>& sinks __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": do nothing and return ok";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
index 25814e4..d62ca1d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -135,10 +135,16 @@
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received command " << command.toString() << " in " << kThreadName;
+    using Tag = StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag;
+    using LogSeverity = ::android::base::LogSeverity;
+    const LogSeverity severity =
+            command.getTag() == Tag::burst || command.getTag() == Tag::getStatus
+                    ? LogSeverity::VERBOSE
+                    : LogSeverity::DEBUG;
+    LOG(severity) << __func__ << ": received command " << command.toString() << " in "
+                  << kThreadName;
     StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
     reply.status = STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
-    using Tag = StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag;
     switch (command.getTag()) {
         case Tag::halReservedExit:
             if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::halReservedExit>();
@@ -166,8 +172,8 @@
             break;
         case Tag::burst:
             if (const int32_t fmqByteCount = command.get<Tag::burst>(); fmqByteCount >= 0) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": '" << toString(command.getTag()) << "' command for "
-                           << fmqByteCount << " bytes";
+                LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": '" << toString(command.getTag()) << "' command for "
+                             << fmqByteCount << " bytes";
                 if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE ||
                     mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE ||
                     mState == StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED ||
@@ -253,7 +259,7 @@
             break;
     }
     reply.state = mState;
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
+    LOG(severity) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
     if (!mReplyMQ->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of reply " << reply.toString() << " to MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
@@ -284,8 +290,8 @@
     if (bool success =
                 actualByteCount > 0 ? mDataMQ->write(&mDataBuffer[0], actualByteCount) : true;
         success) {
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": writing of " << actualByteCount << " bytes into data MQ"
-                   << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": writing of " << actualByteCount << " bytes into data MQ"
+                     << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
         // Frames are provided and counted regardless of connection status.
         reply->fmqByteCount += actualByteCount;
         mFrameCount += actualFrameCount;
@@ -340,7 +346,14 @@
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received command " << command.toString() << " in " << kThreadName;
+    using Tag = StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag;
+    using LogSeverity = ::android::base::LogSeverity;
+    const LogSeverity severity =
+            command.getTag() == Tag::burst || command.getTag() == Tag::getStatus
+                    ? LogSeverity::VERBOSE
+                    : LogSeverity::DEBUG;
+    LOG(severity) << __func__ << ": received command " << command.toString() << " in "
+                  << kThreadName;
     StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
     reply.status = STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
     using Tag = StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag;
@@ -383,8 +396,8 @@
         } break;
         case Tag::burst:
             if (const int32_t fmqByteCount = command.get<Tag::burst>(); fmqByteCount >= 0) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": '" << toString(command.getTag()) << "' command for "
-                           << fmqByteCount << " bytes";
+                LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": '" << toString(command.getTag()) << "' command for "
+                             << fmqByteCount << " bytes";
                 if (mState != StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR &&
                     mState != StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING &&
                     mState != StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED) {
@@ -499,7 +512,7 @@
             break;
     }
     reply.state = mState;
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
+    LOG(severity) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
     if (!mReplyMQ->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of reply " << reply.toString() << " to MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
@@ -514,8 +527,8 @@
     int32_t latency = Module::kLatencyMs;
     if (bool success = readByteCount > 0 ? mDataMQ->read(&mDataBuffer[0], readByteCount) : true) {
         const bool isConnected = mIsConnected;
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readByteCount << " bytes from data MQ"
-                   << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readByteCount << " bytes from data MQ"
+                     << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
         // Amount of data that the HAL module is going to actually use.
         size_t byteCount = std::min({clientSize, readByteCount, mDataBufferSize});
         if (byteCount >= mFrameSize && mForceTransientBurst) {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp
index 5442179..85d1e16 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/StreamStub.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
@@ -68,6 +69,11 @@
     return ::android::OK;
 }
 
+::android::status_t DriverStub::setConnectedDevices(
+        const std::vector<AudioDevice>& connectedDevices __unused) {
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
 // static
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInStub::createInstance(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                                 StreamContext&& context,
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
index 80a22dc..fab1c14 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@
 
     explicit Module(Type type) : mType(type) {}
 
+    static std::shared_ptr<Module> createInstance(Type type);
+    static StreamIn::CreateInstance getStreamInCreator(Type type);
+    static StreamOut::CreateInstance getStreamOutCreator(Type type);
+
   private:
     struct VendorDebug {
         static const std::string kForceTransientBurstName;
@@ -163,6 +167,17 @@
     std::shared_ptr<sounddose::ISoundDose> mSoundDose;
     ndk::SpAIBinder mSoundDoseBinder;
     std::optional<bool> mIsMmapSupported;
+
+  protected:
+    // If the module is unable to populate the connected device port correctly, the returned error
+    // code must correspond to the errors of `IModule.connectedExternalDevice` method.
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus populateConnectedDevicePort(
+            ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort* audioPort);
+    // If the module finds that the patch endpoints configurations are not matched, the returned
+    // error code must correspond to the errors of `IModule.setAudioPatch` method.
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus checkAudioPatchEndpointsMatch(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig*>& sources,
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig*>& sinks);
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b177e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core-impl/Module.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+class ModuleUsb : public Module {
+  public:
+    explicit ModuleUsb(Module::Type type) : Module(type) {}
+
+  private:
+    // IModule interfaces
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getTelephony(std::shared_ptr<ITelephony>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBluetooth(std::shared_ptr<IBluetooth>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getMasterMute(bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterMute(bool in_mute) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getMasterVolume(float* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterVolume(float in_volume) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getMicMute(bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMicMute(bool in_mute) override;
+
+    // Module interfaces
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus populateConnectedDevicePort(
+            ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort* audioPort) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus checkAudioPatchEndpointsMatch(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig*>& sources,
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig*>& sinks)
+            override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
index 7cd4259..f8c12e6 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@
     StreamContext(std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> commandMQ, std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> replyMQ,
                   const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription& format,
                   const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout& channelLayout,
-                  std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> dataMQ, std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback,
+                  int sampleRate, std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> dataMQ,
+                  std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback,
                   std::shared_ptr<IStreamOutEventCallback> outEventCallback,
                   DebugParameters debugParameters)
         : mCommandMQ(std::move(commandMQ)),
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@
           mReplyMQ(std::move(replyMQ)),
           mFormat(format),
           mChannelLayout(channelLayout),
+          mSampleRate(sampleRate),
           mDataMQ(std::move(dataMQ)),
           mAsyncCallback(asyncCallback),
           mOutEventCallback(outEventCallback),
@@ -95,6 +97,7 @@
           mReplyMQ(std::move(other.mReplyMQ)),
           mFormat(other.mFormat),
           mChannelLayout(other.mChannelLayout),
+          mSampleRate(other.mSampleRate),
           mDataMQ(std::move(other.mDataMQ)),
           mAsyncCallback(std::move(other.mAsyncCallback)),
           mOutEventCallback(std::move(other.mOutEventCallback)),
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@
         mReplyMQ = std::move(other.mReplyMQ);
         mFormat = std::move(other.mFormat);
         mChannelLayout = std::move(other.mChannelLayout);
+        mSampleRate = other.mSampleRate;
         mDataMQ = std::move(other.mDataMQ);
         mAsyncCallback = std::move(other.mAsyncCallback);
         mOutEventCallback = std::move(other.mOutEventCallback);
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@
     }
     ReplyMQ* getReplyMQ() const { return mReplyMQ.get(); }
     int getTransientStateDelayMs() const { return mDebugParameters.transientStateDelayMs; }
+    int getSampleRate() const { return mSampleRate; }
     bool isValid() const;
     void reset();
 
@@ -140,6 +145,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> mReplyMQ;
     ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription mFormat;
     ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout mChannelLayout;
+    int mSampleRate;
     std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> mDataMQ;
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> mAsyncCallback;
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamOutEventCallback> mOutEventCallback;  // Only used by output streams
@@ -151,6 +157,11 @@
     virtual ~DriverInterface() = default;
     // This function is called once, on the main thread, before starting the worker thread.
     virtual ::android::status_t init() = 0;
+    // This function is called from Binder pool thread. It must be done in a thread-safe manner
+    // if this method and other methods in this interface share data.
+    virtual ::android::status_t setConnectedDevices(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>&
+                    connectedDevices) = 0;
     // All the functions below are called on the worker thread.
     virtual ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode mode) = 0;
     virtual ::android::status_t flush() = 0;
@@ -370,6 +381,7 @@
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& devices) {
         mWorker->setIsConnected(!devices.empty());
         mConnectedDevices = devices;
+        mDriver->setConnectedDevices(devices);
     }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus updateMetadata(const Metadata& metadata);
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
index 98a062a..aea9da5 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
   public:
     DriverStub(const StreamContext& context, bool isInput);
     ::android::status_t init() override;
+    ::android::status_t setConnectedDevices(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& connectedDevices)
+            override;
     ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
     ::android::status_t flush() override;
     ::android::status_t pause() override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ac1f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioChannelLayout.h>
+
+#include "core-impl/Stream.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <tinyalsa/pcm.h>
+#include "alsa_device_proxy.h"
+}
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+class DriverUsb : public DriverInterface {
+  public:
+    DriverUsb(const StreamContext& context, bool isInput);
+    ::android::status_t init() override;
+    ::android::status_t setConnectedDevices(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice>& connectedDevices)
+            override;
+    ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
+    ::android::status_t flush() override;
+    ::android::status_t pause() override;
+    ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
+                                 int32_t* latencyMs) override;
+    ::android::status_t standby() override;
+
+  private:
+    ::android::status_t exitStandby();
+
+    std::mutex mLock;
+
+    const size_t mFrameSizeBytes;
+    std::optional<struct pcm_config> mConfig;
+    const bool mIsInput;
+    // Cached device addresses for connected devices.
+    std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress> mConnectedDevices
+            GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<alsa_device_proxy>> mAlsaDeviceProxies GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    bool mIsStandby = false;
+};
+
+class StreamInUsb final : public StreamIn {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getActiveMicrophones(
+            std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  public:
+    static ndk::ScopedAStatus createInstance(
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+            StreamContext&& context, const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result);
+
+  private:
+    friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
+    StreamInUsb(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+                StreamContext&& context, const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
+};
+
+class StreamOutUsb final : public StreamOut {
+  public:
+    static ndk::ScopedAStatus createInstance(
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+            StreamContext&& context,
+            const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
+                    offloadInfo,
+            std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result);
+
+  private:
+    friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
+    StreamOutUsb(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+                 StreamContext&& context,
+                 const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
+                         offloadInfo);
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/utils.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/utils.h
index 9d06f08..ae33227 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/utils.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/utils.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -101,4 +102,21 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+// Assuming that M is a map whose keys' type is K and values' type is V,
+// return the corresponding value of the given key from the map or default
+// value if the key is not found.
+template <typename M, typename K, typename V>
+auto findValueOrDefault(const M& m, const K& key, V defaultValue) {
+    auto it = m.find(key);
+    return it == m.end() ? defaultValue : it->second;
+}
+
+// Assuming that M is a map whose keys' type is K, return the given key if it
+// is found from the map or default value.
+template <typename M, typename K>
+auto findKeyOrDefault(const M& m, const K& key, K defaultValue) {
+    auto it = m.find(key);
+    return it == m.end() ? defaultValue : key;
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
index 1933509..a861f9d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
 
 #include "core-impl/Config.h"
 #include "core-impl/Module.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleUsb.h"
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::Config;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::Module;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::ModuleUsb;
 
 int main() {
     // Random values are used in the implementation.
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@
 
     // This is a debug implementation, always enable debug logging.
     android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::DEBUG);
+    // For more logs, use VERBOSE, however this may hinder performance.
+    // android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::VERBOSE);
     ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(16);
 
     // Make the default config service
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@
 
     // Make modules
     auto createModule = [](Module::Type type, const std::string& instance) {
-        auto module = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Module>(type);
+        auto module = Module::createInstance(type);
         ndk::SpAIBinder moduleBinder = module->asBinder();
         const std::string moduleName = std::string(Module::descriptor).append("/").append(instance);
         AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(moduleBinder.get(), SCHED_NORMAL, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e803420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_ModuleUsb"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <tinyalsa/asoundlib.h>
+
+#include "UsbAlsaUtils.h"
+#include "core-impl/ModuleUsb.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "alsa_device_profile.h"
+}
+
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceDescription;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioProfile;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::isUsbInputDeviceType;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+namespace {
+
+std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> populateChannelMasksFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile,
+                                                                bool isInput) {
+    std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> channels;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_PORT_MAX_CHANNEL_MASKS && profile->channel_counts[i] != 0; ++i) {
+        auto layoutMask =
+                usb::getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(profile->channel_counts[i], isInput);
+        if (layoutMask.getTag() == AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask) {
+            channels.push_back(layoutMask);
+        }
+        auto indexMask = usb::getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(profile->channel_counts[i]);
+        if (indexMask.getTag() == AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask) {
+            channels.push_back(indexMask);
+        }
+    }
+    return channels;
+}
+
+std::vector<int> populateSampleRatesFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile) {
+    std::vector<int> sampleRates;
+    for (int i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_RATES, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_SAMPLING_RATES) &&
+                    profile->sample_rates[i] != 0;
+         i++) {
+        sampleRates.push_back(profile->sample_rates[i]);
+    }
+    return sampleRates;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::getTelephony(std::shared_ptr<ITelephony>* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning null";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::getBluetooth(std::shared_ptr<IBluetooth>* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning null";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::getMasterMute(bool* _aidl_return __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": is not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::setMasterMute(bool in_mute __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": is not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::getMasterVolume(float* _aidl_return __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": is not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::setMasterVolume(float in_volume __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": is not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::getMicMute(bool* _aidl_return __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": is not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::setMicMute(bool in_mute __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": is not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::populateConnectedDevicePort(AudioPort* audioPort) {
+    if (audioPort->ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::device) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " is not a device port";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    auto& devicePort = audioPort->ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::device>();
+    if (devicePort.device.type.connection != AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_USB) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " is not a usb device port";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    if (devicePort.device.address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " is not using alsa address";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    auto& alsaAddress = devicePort.device.address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa>();
+    if (alsaAddress.size() != 2 || alsaAddress[0] < 0 || alsaAddress[1] < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << audioPort->id << " invalid alsa address";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    const bool isInput = isUsbInputDeviceType(devicePort.device.type.type);
+    alsa_device_profile profile;
+    profile_init(&profile, isInput ? PCM_IN : PCM_OUT);
+    if (!profile_read_device_info(&profile)) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<AudioChannelLayout> channels = populateChannelMasksFromProfile(&profile, isInput);
+    std::vector<int> sampleRates = populateSampleRatesFromProfile(&profile);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_FORMATS, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_AUDIO_PROFILES) &&
+                       profile.formats[i] != 0;
+         ++i) {
+        auto audioFormatDescription =
+                usb::legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(profile.formats[i]);
+        if (audioFormatDescription.type == AudioFormatType::DEFAULT) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": unknown pcm type=" << profile.formats[i];
+            continue;
+        }
+        AudioProfile audioProfile = {.format = audioFormatDescription,
+                                     .channelMasks = channels,
+                                     .sampleRates = sampleRates};
+        audioPort->profiles.push_back(std::move(audioProfile));
+    }
+
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::checkAudioPatchEndpointsMatch(
+        const std::vector<AudioPortConfig*>& sources, const std::vector<AudioPortConfig*>& sinks) {
+    for (const auto& source : sources) {
+        for (const auto& sink : sinks) {
+            if (source->sampleRate != sink->sampleRate ||
+                source->channelMask != sink->channelMask || source->format != sink->format) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                           << ": mismatch port configuration, source=" << source->toString()
+                           << ", sink=" << sink->toString();
+                return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22e36ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_StreamUsb"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "UsbAlsaUtils.h"
+#include "core-impl/Module.h"
+#include "core-impl/StreamUsb.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "alsa_device_profile.h"
+}
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
+
+DriverUsb::DriverUsb(const StreamContext& context, bool isInput)
+    : mFrameSizeBytes(context.getFrameSize()), mIsInput(isInput) {
+    struct pcm_config config;
+    config.channels = usb::getChannelCountFromChannelMask(context.getChannelLayout(), isInput);
+    if (config.channels == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid channel=" << context.getChannelLayout().toString();
+        return;
+    }
+    config.format = usb::aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(context.getFormat());
+    if (config.format == PCM_FORMAT_INVALID) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid format=" << context.getFormat().toString();
+        return;
+    }
+    config.rate = context.getSampleRate();
+    if (config.rate == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid sample rate=" << config.rate;
+        return;
+    }
+    mConfig = config;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::init() {
+    return mConfig.has_value() ? ::android::OK : ::android::NO_INIT;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::setConnectedDevices(
+        const std::vector<AudioDevice>& connectedDevices) {
+    if (mIsInput && connectedDevices.size() > 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": wrong device size(" << connectedDevices.size()
+                   << ") for input stream";
+        return ::android::BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    for (const auto& connectedDevice : connectedDevices) {
+        if (connectedDevice.address.getTag() != AudioDeviceAddress::alsa) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": bad device address" << connectedDevice.address.toString();
+            return ::android::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+    }
+    std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
+    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+    mConnectedDevices.clear();
+    for (const auto& connectedDevice : connectedDevices) {
+        mConnectedDevices.push_back(connectedDevice.address);
+    }
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::flush() {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::pause() {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
+                                        int32_t* latencyMs) {
+    if (!mConfig.has_value() || mConnectedDevices.empty()) {
+        return ::android::NO_INIT;
+    }
+    if (mIsStandby) {
+        if (::android::status_t status = exitStandby(); status != ::android::OK) {
+            return status;
+        }
+    }
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<alsa_device_proxy>> alsaDeviceProxies;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
+        alsaDeviceProxies = mAlsaDeviceProxies;
+    }
+    const size_t bytesToTransfer = frameCount * mFrameSizeBytes;
+    if (mIsInput) {
+        // For input case, only support single device.
+        proxy_read(alsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer);
+    } else {
+        for (auto& proxy : alsaDeviceProxies) {
+            proxy_write(proxy.get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer);
+        }
+    }
+    *actualFrameCount = frameCount;
+    *latencyMs = Module::kLatencyMs;
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::standby() {
+    if (!mIsStandby) {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
+        mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+        mIsStandby = true;
+    }
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t DriverUsb::exitStandby() {
+    std::vector<AudioDeviceAddress> connectedDevices;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
+        connectedDevices = mConnectedDevices;
+    }
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<alsa_device_proxy>> alsaDeviceProxies;
+    for (const auto& device : connectedDevices) {
+        alsa_device_profile profile;
+        profile.card = device.get<AudioDeviceAddress::alsa>()[0];
+        profile.device = device.get<AudioDeviceAddress::alsa>()[1];
+        if (!profile_read_device_info(&profile)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                       << ": unable to read device info, device address=" << device.toString();
+            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        auto proxy = std::shared_ptr<alsa_device_proxy>(new alsa_device_proxy(),
+                                                        [](alsa_device_proxy* proxy) {
+                                                            proxy_close(proxy);
+                                                            free(proxy);
+                                                        });
+        // Always ask for alsa configure as required since the configuration should be supported
+        // by the connected device. That is guaranteed by `setAudioPortConfig` and
+        // `setAudioPatch`.
+        if (int err =
+                    proxy_prepare(proxy.get(), &profile, &mConfig.value(), true /*is_bit_perfect*/);
+            err != 0) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << device.toString()
+                       << " error=" << err;
+            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        }
+        alsaDeviceProxies.push_back(std::move(proxy));
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
+        mAlsaDeviceProxies = alsaDeviceProxies;
+    }
+    mIsStandby = false;
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+// static
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInUsb::createInstance(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+                                               StreamContext&& context,
+                                               const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
+                                               std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
+    std::shared_ptr<StreamIn> stream =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamInUsb>(sinkMetadata, std::move(context), microphones);
+    if (auto status = initInstance(stream); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
+    }
+    *result = std::move(stream);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+StreamInUsb::StreamInUsb(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+                         const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
+    : StreamIn(
+              sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+              [](const StreamContext& ctx) -> DriverInterface* {
+                  return new DriverUsb(ctx, true /*isInput*/);
+              },
+              [](const StreamContext& ctx, DriverInterface* driver) -> StreamWorkerInterface* {
+                  // The default worker implementation is used.
+                  return new StreamInWorker(ctx, driver);
+              },
+              microphones) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInUsb::getActiveMicrophones(
+        std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return __unused) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": not supported";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+// static
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOutUsb::createInstance(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+                                                StreamContext&& context,
+                                                const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo,
+                                                std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
+    if (offloadInfo.has_value()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": offload is not supported";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<StreamOut> stream =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamOutUsb>(sourceMetadata, std::move(context), offloadInfo);
+    if (auto status = initInstance(stream); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
+    }
+    *result = std::move(stream);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+StreamOutUsb::StreamOutUsb(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+                           const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
+    : StreamOut(
+              sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+              [](const StreamContext& ctx) -> DriverInterface* {
+                  return new DriverUsb(ctx, false /*isInput*/);
+              },
+              [](const StreamContext& ctx, DriverInterface* driver) -> StreamWorkerInterface* {
+                  // The default worker implementation is used.
+                  return new StreamOutWorker(ctx, driver);
+              },
+              offloadInfo) {}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c79e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatType.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/PcmType.h>
+
+#include "UsbAlsaUtils.h"
+#include "core-impl/utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::getChannelCount;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb {
+
+namespace {
+
+using AudioChannelCountToMaskMap = std::map<unsigned int, AudioChannelLayout>;
+using AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap = std::map<AudioFormatDescription, enum pcm_format>;
+using PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap = std::map<enum pcm_format, AudioFormatDescription>;
+
+static const AudioChannelLayout INVALID_CHANNEL_LAYOUT =
+        AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::invalid>(0);
+
+#define DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(n) \
+    AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask>(AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_##n)
+
+static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> SUPPORTED_OUT_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS = {
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(MONO),          DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(STEREO),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(2POINT1),       DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(QUAD),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(PENTA),         DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(5POINT1),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(6POINT1),       DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(7POINT1),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(7POINT1POINT4), DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(22POINT2),
+};
+
+static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> SUPPORTED_IN_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS = {
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(MONO),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_MASK(STEREO),
+};
+
+#define DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(n) \
+    AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask>(AudioChannelLayout::INDEX_MASK_##n)
+
+static const std::set<AudioChannelLayout> SUPPORTED_INDEX_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS = {
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(1),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(2),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(3),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(4),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(5),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(6),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(7),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(8),  DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(9),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(10), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(11), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(12),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(13), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(14), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(15),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(16), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(17), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(18),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(19), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(20), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(21),
+        DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(22), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(23), DEFINE_CHANNEL_INDEX_MASK(24),
+};
+
+static AudioChannelCountToMaskMap make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(
+        const std::set<AudioChannelLayout>& channelMasks) {
+    AudioChannelCountToMaskMap channelMaskToCountMap;
+    for (const auto& channelMask : channelMasks) {
+        channelMaskToCountMap.emplace(getChannelCount(channelMask), channelMask);
+    }
+    return channelMaskToCountMap;
+}
+
+const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap() {
+    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap outLayouts =
+            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(SUPPORTED_OUT_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS);
+    return outLayouts;
+}
+
+const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() {
+    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap inLayouts =
+            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(SUPPORTED_IN_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS);
+    return inLayouts;
+}
+
+const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap& getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap() {
+    static const AudioChannelCountToMaskMap indexLayouts =
+            make_ChannelCountToMaskMap(SUPPORTED_INDEX_CHANNEL_LAYOUTS);
+    return indexLayouts;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType type) {
+    AudioFormatDescription result;
+    result.type = type;
+    return result;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType pcm) {
+    auto result = make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType::PCM);
+    result.pcm = pcm;
+    return result;
+}
+
+const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap& getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap() {
+    static const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap formatDescToPcmFormatMap = {
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::UINT_8_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S8},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_16_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_24_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FIXED_Q_8_24), PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_32_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE},
+            {make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT), PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE},
+    };
+    return formatDescToPcmFormatMap;
+}
+
+static PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap make_PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(
+        const AudioFormatDescToPcmFormatMap& formatDescToPcmFormatMap) {
+    PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap result;
+    for (const auto& formatPair : formatDescToPcmFormatMap) {
+        result.emplace(formatPair.second, formatPair.first);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+const PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap& getPcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap() {
+    static const PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap pcmFormatToFormatDescMap =
+            make_PcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap());
+    return pcmFormatToFormatDescMap;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(unsigned int channelCount, int isInput) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(
+            isInput ? getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() : getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap(),
+            channelCount, INVALID_CHANNEL_LAYOUT);
+}
+
+AudioChannelLayout getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(unsigned int channelCount) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap(), channelCount,
+                              INVALID_CHANNEL_LAYOUT);
+}
+
+unsigned int getChannelCountFromChannelMask(const AudioChannelLayout& channelMask, bool isInput) {
+    switch (channelMask.getTag()) {
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask: {
+            return findKeyOrDefault(
+                    isInput ? getSupportedChannelInLayoutMap() : getSupportedChannelOutLayoutMap(),
+                    (unsigned int)getChannelCount(channelMask), 0u /*defaultValue*/);
+        }
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::indexMask: {
+            return findKeyOrDefault(getSupportedChannelIndexLayoutMap(),
+                                    (unsigned int)getChannelCount(channelMask),
+                                    0u /*defaultValue*/);
+        }
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::none:
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::invalid:
+        case AudioChannelLayout::Tag::voiceMask:
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(enum pcm_format legacy) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(getPcmFormatToAudioFormatDescMap(), legacy, AudioFormatDescription());
+}
+
+pcm_format aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(const AudioFormatDescription& aidl) {
+    return findValueOrDefault(getAudioFormatDescriptorToPcmFormatMap(), aidl, PCM_FORMAT_INVALID);
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.h b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d2f0f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioChannelLayout.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatDescription.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <tinyalsa/pcm.h>
+}
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb {
+
+::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayoutMaskFromChannelCount(
+        unsigned int channelCount, int isInput);
+::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelIndexMaskFromChannelCount(
+        unsigned int channelCount);
+unsigned int getChannelCountFromChannelMask(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout& channelMask, bool isInput);
+::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription
+legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(enum pcm_format legacy);
+pcm_format aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_pcm_format(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription& aidl);
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::usb
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml
index c17cb15..eb649bf 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.8.xml
@@ -756,14 +756,6 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
-        <name>android.hardware.usb.gadget</name>
-        <version>1.0-2</version>
-        <interface>
-            <name>IUsbGadget</name>
-            <instance>default</instance>
-        </interface>
-    </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.usb.gadget</name>
         <interface>
diff --git a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index b0b984c..8f357a0 100644
--- a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -232,7 +232,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.serial);
     ALOGI("setPreferredNetworkTypeBitmap, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.error);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     if (radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
          // give some time for modem to set the value.
         sleep(3);
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
index 99d2510..e46aeee 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,17 @@
 }  // namespace
 
 class AttestKeyTest : public KeyMintAidlTestBase {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        check_skip_test();
+        KeyMintAidlTestBase::SetUp();
+    }
+
   protected:
+    const string FEATURE_KEYSTORE_APP_ATTEST_KEY = "android.hardware.keystore.app_attest_key";
+
+    const string FEATURE_STRONGBOX_KEYSTORE = "android.hardware.strongbox_keystore";
+
     ErrorCode GenerateAttestKey(const AuthorizationSet& key_desc,
                                 const optional<AttestationKey>& attest_key,
                                 vector<uint8_t>* key_blob,
@@ -111,6 +121,59 @@
         }
         return GenerateKey(key_desc, attest_key, key_blob, key_characteristics, cert_chain);
     }
+
+    // Check if ATTEST_KEY feature is disabled
+    bool is_attest_key_feature_disabled(void) const {
+        if (!check_feature(FEATURE_KEYSTORE_APP_ATTEST_KEY)) {
+            GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Feature " + FEATURE_KEYSTORE_APP_ATTEST_KEY + " is disabled";
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check if StrongBox KeyStore is enabled
+    bool is_strongbox_enabled(void) const {
+        if (check_feature(FEATURE_STRONGBOX_KEYSTORE)) {
+            GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Feature " + FEATURE_STRONGBOX_KEYSTORE + " is enabled";
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check if chipset has received a waiver allowing it to be launched with
+    // Android S (or later) with Keymaster 4.0 in StrongBox
+    bool is_chipset_allowed_km4_strongbox(void) const {
+        std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+
+        auto res = property_get("ro.vendor.qti.soc_model", buffer.data(), nullptr);
+        if (res <= 0) return false;
+
+        const string allowed_soc_models[] = {"SM8450", "SM8475", "SM8550", "SXR2230P"};
+
+        for (const string model : allowed_soc_models) {
+            if (model.compare(buffer.data()) == 0) {
+                GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "QTI SOC Model " + model + " is allowed SB KM 4.0";
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Skip the test if all the following conditions hold:
+    // 1. ATTEST_KEY feature is disabled
+    // 2. STRONGBOX is enabled
+    // 3. The device is running one of the chipsets that have received a waiver
+    //     allowing it to be launched with Android S (or later) with Keymaster 4.0
+    //     in StrongBox
+    void check_skip_test(void) const {
+        if (is_attest_key_feature_disabled() && is_strongbox_enabled() &&
+            is_chipset_allowed_km4_strongbox()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Test is not applicable";
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/staging/threadnetwork/OWNERS b/staging/threadnetwork/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..037215d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staging/threadnetwork/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Bug component: 1203089
+
+wgtdkp@google.com
+xyk@google.com
+zhanglongxia@google.com
diff --git a/staging/threadnetwork/README.md b/staging/threadnetwork/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12104e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staging/threadnetwork/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Staging threadnetwork HAL interface
+
+The directory includes the unstable/unreleased version of `hardware/interfaces/threadnetwork`
+code which should **NOT** be used in production. But vendors may start verifying their hardware
+with the HAL interface.
+
+This directory will be cleaned up when the stable Thread HAL interface is added in
+`hardware/interfaces/threadnetwork` by version `V` or later.
+
+More information about _Thread_:
+- https://www.threadgroup.org
+- https://openthread.io
diff --git a/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/IOffload.aidl b/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/IOffload.aidl
index 30b2c8d..984f2a5 100644
--- a/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/IOffload.aidl
+++ b/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/IOffload.aidl
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@
     /**
      * Indicates intent to start offload for tethering in immediate future.
      *
-     * This API must be called exactly once the first time that Tethering is requested by
-     * the user.
+     * This API must be called exactly once when Tethering is requested by the user.
      *
      * If this API is called multiple times without first calling stopOffload, then the subsequent
      * calls must fail without changing the state of the server.
@@ -168,7 +167,6 @@
      *           or negative number of bytes).
      *         - EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if this method is called before initOffload(), or if this method
      *           is called after stopOffload().
-     *         - EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if it is not supported.
      *         - EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC with the error message set to a human-readable reason for the
      *           error.
      */
@@ -269,7 +267,7 @@
      * This API may only be called after initOffload and before stopOffload.
      *
      * @param iface  Downstream interface
-     * @param prefix Downstream prefix depicting address that must no longer be offloaded
+     * @param prefix Downstream prefix depicting prefix that must no longer be offloaded
      *               For e.g. 192.168.1.0/24 or 2001:4860:684::/64)
      *
      * @throws:
diff --git a/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/OffloadCallbackEvent.aidl b/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/OffloadCallbackEvent.aidl
index a95f674..15a1f93 100644
--- a/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/OffloadCallbackEvent.aidl
+++ b/tetheroffload/aidl/android/hardware/tetheroffload/OffloadCallbackEvent.aidl
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
      */
     OFFLOAD_STOPPED_LIMIT_REACHED = 5,
     /**
-     * This event is fired when the quota, applied in setDataWarning, has expired. It is
+     * This event is fired when the quota, applied in setDataWarningAndLimit, has expired. It is
      * recommended that the client query for statistics immediately after receiving this event.
      * Any offloaded traffic will continue to be offloaded until offload is stopped or
      * OFFLOAD_STOPPED_LIMIT_REACHED is sent.
diff --git a/tetheroffload/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadTargetTest.cpp b/tetheroffload/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadTargetTest.cpp
index fc8abbd..f46c9ab 100644
--- a/tetheroffload/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/tetheroffload/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadTargetTest.cpp
@@ -152,15 +152,13 @@
     void initOffload(const bool expectedResult) {
         unique_fd ufd1(netlinkSocket(kFd1Groups));
         if (ufd1.get() < 0) {
-            ALOGE("Unable to create conntrack sockets: %d/%s", errno, strerror(errno));
-            FAIL();
+            FAIL() << "Unable to create conntrack sockets: " << strerror(errno);
         }
         ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor fd1 = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(ufd1.release());
 
         unique_fd ufd2(netlinkSocket(kFd2Groups));
         if (ufd2.get() < 0) {
-            ALOGE("Unable to create conntrack sockets: %d/%s", errno, strerror(errno));
-            FAIL();
+            FAIL() << "Unable to create conntrack sockets: " << strerror(errno);
         }
         ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor fd2 = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(ufd2.release());
 
@@ -214,8 +212,7 @@
     ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor fd1 = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(-1);
     unique_fd ufd2(netlinkSocket(kFd2Groups));
     if (ufd2.get() < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Unable to create conntrack sockets: %d/%s", errno, strerror(errno));
-        FAIL();
+        FAIL() << "Unable to create conntrack sockets: " << strerror(errno);
     }
     ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor fd2 = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(ufd2.release());
     mTetheringOffloadCallback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TetheringOffloadCallback>();
@@ -229,8 +226,7 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, TestInitOffloadInvalidFd2ReturnsError) {
     unique_fd ufd1(netlinkSocket(kFd1Groups));
     if (ufd1.get() < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Unable to create conntrack sockets: %d/%s", errno, strerror(errno));
-        FAIL();
+        FAIL() << "Unable to create conntrack sockets: " << strerror(errno);
     }
     ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor fd1 = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(ufd1.release());
     ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor fd2 = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(-1);
@@ -264,7 +260,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("192.0.0.2");
     const std::string v4Gw("192.0.0.1");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{std::string("fe80::db8:1"), std::string("fe80::db8:2")};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
     if (!interfaceIsUp(TEST_IFACE)) {
         return;
     }
@@ -279,7 +276,7 @@
 // Check that calling setLocalPrefixes() without first having called initOffload() returns error.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, SetLocalPrefixesWithoutInitReturnsError) {
     const std::vector<std::string> prefixes{std::string("2001:db8::/64")};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Check that calling getForwardedStats() without first having called initOffload()
@@ -287,9 +284,10 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, GetForwardedStatsWithoutInitReturnsZeroValues) {
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     ForwardedStats stats;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->getForwardedStats(upstream, &stats).isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(stats.rxBytes, 0ULL);
-    EXPECT_EQ(stats.txBytes, 0ULL);
+    auto ret = mOffload->getForwardedStats(upstream, &stats);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ULL, stats.rxBytes);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ULL, stats.txBytes);
 }
 
 // Check that calling setDataWarningAndLimit() without first having called initOffload() returns
@@ -298,8 +296,8 @@
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     const int64_t warning = 5000LL;
     const int64_t limit = 5000LL;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode(),
-              EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE,
+              mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Check that calling setUpstreamParameters() without first having called initOffload()
@@ -309,8 +307,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("192.0.2.0/24");
     const std::string v4Gw("192.0.2.1");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{std::string("fe80::db8:1")};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode(),
-              EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE,
+              mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Check that calling addDownstream() with an IPv4 prefix without first having called
@@ -318,7 +316,7 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, AddIPv4DownstreamWithoutInitReturnsError) {
     const std::string iface(TEST_IFACE);
     const std::string prefix("192.0.2.0/24");
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Check that calling addDownstream() with an IPv6 prefix without first having called
@@ -326,7 +324,7 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, AddIPv6DownstreamWithoutInitReturnsError) {
     const std::string iface(TEST_IFACE);
     const std::string prefix("2001:db8::/64");
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Check that calling removeDownstream() with an IPv4 prefix without first having called
@@ -334,7 +332,7 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, RemoveIPv4DownstreamWithoutInitReturnsError) {
     const std::string iface(TEST_IFACE);
     const std::string prefix("192.0.2.0/24");
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Check that calling removeDownstream() with an IPv6 prefix without first having called
@@ -342,7 +340,7 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlPreInitTest, RemoveIPv6DownstreamWithoutInitReturnsError) {
     const std::string iface(TEST_IFACE);
     const std::string prefix("2001:db8::/64");
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -352,19 +350,20 @@
 // Test setLocalPrefixes() rejects an IPv4 address.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, SetLocalPrefixesIPv4AddressFails) {
     const std::vector<std::string> prefixes{std::string("192.0.2.1")};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Test setLocalPrefixes() rejects an IPv6 address.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, SetLocalPrefixesIPv6AddressFails) {
     const std::vector<std::string> prefixes{std::string("fe80::1")};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Test setLocalPrefixes() accepts both IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, SetLocalPrefixesIPv4v6PrefixesOk) {
     const std::vector<std::string> prefixes{std::string("192.0.2.0/24"), std::string("fe80::/64")};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test that setLocalPrefixes() fails given empty input. There is always
@@ -372,13 +371,13 @@
 // we still apply {127.0.0.0/8, ::1/128, fe80::/64} here.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, SetLocalPrefixesEmptyFails) {
     const std::vector<std::string> prefixes{};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Test setLocalPrefixes() fails on incorrectly formed input strings.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, SetLocalPrefixesInvalidFails) {
     const std::vector<std::string> prefixes{std::string("192.0.2.0/24"), std::string("invalid")};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->setLocalPrefixes(prefixes).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -389,9 +388,10 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, GetForwardedStatsInvalidUpstreamIface) {
     const std::string upstream("invalid");
     ForwardedStats stats;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->getForwardedStats(upstream, &stats).isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(stats.rxBytes, 0ULL);
-    EXPECT_EQ(stats.txBytes, 0ULL);
+    auto ret = mOffload->getForwardedStats(upstream, &stats);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ULL, stats.rxBytes);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ULL, stats.txBytes);
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -399,9 +399,10 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, GetForwardedStatsDummyIface) {
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     ForwardedStats stats;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->getForwardedStats(upstream, &stats).isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(stats.rxBytes, 0ULL);
-    EXPECT_EQ(stats.txBytes, 0ULL);
+    auto ret = mOffload->getForwardedStats(upstream, &stats);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ULL, stats.rxBytes);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ULL, stats.txBytes);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -413,8 +414,8 @@
     const std::string upstream("");
     const int64_t warning = 12345LL;
     const int64_t limit = 67890LL;
-    EXPECT_THAT(mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode(),
-                AnyOf(Eq(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT), Eq(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+              mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -423,8 +424,8 @@
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     const int64_t warning = 4000LL;
     const int64_t limit = 5000LL;
-    EXPECT_THAT(mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode(),
-                AnyOf(Eq(EX_NONE), Eq(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+    auto ret = mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -433,8 +434,8 @@
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     const int64_t warning = 0LL;
     const int64_t limit = 0LL;
-    EXPECT_THAT(mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode(),
-                AnyOf(Eq(EX_NONE), Eq(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+    auto ret = mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -443,7 +444,8 @@
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     const int64_t warning = LLONG_MAX;
     const int64_t limit = 5000LL;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test that setDataWarningAndLimit() with negative thresholds fails.
@@ -451,8 +453,8 @@
     const std::string upstream(TEST_IFACE);
     const int64_t warning = -1LL;
     const int64_t limit = -1LL;
-    EXPECT_THAT(mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode(),
-                AnyOf(Eq(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT), Eq(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+              mOffload->setDataWarningAndLimit(upstream, warning, limit).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -466,7 +468,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("");
     const std::string v4Gw("");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{std::string("fe80::db8:1"), std::string("fe80::db8:2")};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -476,7 +479,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("");
     const std::string v4Gw("");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{std::string("fe80::db8:1"), std::string("fe80::db8:3")};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -486,7 +490,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("192.0.2.2");
     const std::string v4Gw("192.0.2.1");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // TEST_IFACE is presumed to exist on the device and be up. No packets
@@ -496,7 +501,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("192.0.2.2");
     const std::string v4Gw("192.0.2.1");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{std::string("fe80::db8:1"), std::string("fe80::db8:2")};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test that setUpstreamParameters() fails when all parameters are empty.
@@ -505,8 +511,8 @@
     const std::string v4Addr("");
     const std::string v4Gw("");
     const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode(),
-              EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+              mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Test that setUpstreamParameters() fails when given empty or non-existent interface names.
@@ -517,8 +523,8 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"", "invalid"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "upstream: " << bogus);
         const std::string iface(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode(),
-                  EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                  mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -530,8 +536,8 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"invalid", "192.0.2"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "v4addr: " << bogus);
         const std::string v4Addr(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode(),
-                  EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                  mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -543,8 +549,8 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"invalid", "192.0.2"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "v4gateway: " << bogus);
         const std::string v4Gw(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode(),
-                  EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                  mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -556,8 +562,8 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"", "invalid", "fe80::bogus", "192.0.2.66"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "v6gateway: " << bogus);
         const std::vector<std::string> v6Gws{std::string("fe80::1"), std::string(bogus)};
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode(),
-                  EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                  mOffload->setUpstreamParameters(iface, v4Addr, v4Gw, v6Gws).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -569,21 +575,23 @@
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, AddDownstreamIPv4) {
     const std::string iface("dummy0");
     const std::string prefix("192.0.2.0/24");
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test addDownstream() works given an IPv6 prefix.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, AddDownstreamIPv6) {
     const std::string iface("dummy0");
     const std::string prefix("2001:db8::/64");
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test addDownstream() fails given all empty parameters.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, AddDownstreamEmptyFails) {
     const std::string iface("");
     const std::string prefix("");
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Test addDownstream() fails given empty or non-existent interface names.
@@ -592,7 +600,7 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"", "invalid"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "iface: " << bogus);
         const std::string iface(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -602,7 +610,7 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"", "192.0.2/24", "2001:db8/64"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "prefix: " << bogus);
         const std::string prefix(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -616,8 +624,10 @@
     const std::string prefix("192.0.2.0/24");
     // First add the downstream, otherwise removeDownstream logic can reasonably
     // return error for downstreams not previously added.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
+    ret = mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test removeDownstream() works given an IPv6 prefix.
@@ -626,15 +636,17 @@
     const std::string prefix("2001:db8::/64");
     // First add the downstream, otherwise removeDownstream logic can reasonably
     // return error for downstreams not previously added.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix).isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).isOk());
+    auto ret = mOffload->addDownstream(iface, prefix);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
+    ret = mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk()) << ret;
 }
 
 // Test removeDownstream() fails given all empty parameters.
 TEST_P(TetheroffloadAidlGeneralTest, RemoveDownstreamEmptyFails) {
     const std::string iface("");
     const std::string prefix("");
-    EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(), EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
 }
 
 // Test removeDownstream() fails given empty or non-existent interface names.
@@ -643,8 +655,8 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"", "invalid"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "iface: " << bogus);
         const std::string iface(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(),
-                  EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                  mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -654,8 +666,8 @@
     for (const auto& bogus : {"", "192.0.2/24", "2001:db8/64"}) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "prefix: " << bogus);
         const std::string prefix(bogus);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode(),
-                  EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                  mOffload->removeDownstream(iface, prefix).getExceptionCode());
     }
 }