diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.cpp
index de94467..2445a3e 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.cpp
@@ -123,26 +123,28 @@
     mIsIptvThreadRunningCv.notify_all();
 }
 
-void Demux::readIptvThreadLoop(dtv_plugin* interface, dtv_streamer* streamer, size_t buf_size,
-                               int timeout_ms, int buffer_timeout) {
+void Demux::frontendIptvInputThreadLoop(dtv_plugin* interface, dtv_streamer* streamer) {
     Timer *timer, *fullBufferTimer;
     while (true) {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mIsIptvThreadRunningMutex);
         mIsIptvThreadRunningCv.wait(lock, [this] { return mIsIptvReadThreadRunning; });
-        if (mIsIptvDvrFMQFull && fullBufferTimer->get_elapsed_time_ms() > buffer_timeout) {
-            ALOGE("DVR FMQ has not been flushed within timeout of %d ms", buffer_timeout);
+        if (mIsIptvDvrFMQFull &&
+            fullBufferTimer->get_elapsed_time_ms() > IPTV_PLAYBACK_BUFFER_TIMEOUT) {
+            ALOGE("DVR FMQ has not been flushed within timeout of %d ms",
+                  IPTV_PLAYBACK_BUFFER_TIMEOUT);
             delete fullBufferTimer;
             break;
         }
         timer = new Timer();
         void* buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * IPTV_BUFFER_SIZE);
         if (buf == nullptr) ALOGI("Buffer allocation failed");
-        ssize_t bytes_read = interface->read_stream(streamer, buf, buf_size, timeout_ms);
+        ssize_t bytes_read =
+                interface->read_stream(streamer, buf, IPTV_BUFFER_SIZE, IPTV_PLAYBACK_TIMEOUT);
         if (bytes_read == 0) {
             double elapsed_time = timer->get_elapsed_time_ms();
-            if (elapsed_time > timeout_ms) {
+            if (elapsed_time > IPTV_PLAYBACK_TIMEOUT) {
                 ALOGE("[Demux] timeout reached - elapsed_time: %f, timeout: %d", elapsed_time,
-                      timeout_ms);
+                      IPTV_PLAYBACK_TIMEOUT);
             }
             ALOGE("[Demux] Cannot read data from the socket");
             delete timer;
@@ -206,32 +208,37 @@
 
         // get plugin interface from frontend
         dtv_plugin* interface = mFrontend->getIptvPluginInterface();
+        // if plugin interface is not on frontend, create a new plugin interface
         if (interface == nullptr) {
-            ALOGE("[Demux] getIptvPluginInterface(): plugin interface is null");
-            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                    static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_STATE));
+            interface = mFrontend->createIptvPluginInterface();
+            if (interface == nullptr) {
+                ALOGE("[   INFO   ] Failed to load plugin.");
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                        static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_STATE));
+            }
         }
-        ALOGI("[Demux] getIptvPluginInterface(): plugin interface is not null");
+
+        // get transport description from frontend
+        string transport_desc = mFrontend->getIptvTransportDescription();
+        if (transport_desc.empty()) {
+            string content_url = "rtp://127.0.0.1:12345";
+            transport_desc = "{ \"uri\": \"" + content_url + "\"}";
+        }
+        ALOGI("[Demux] transport_desc: %s", transport_desc.c_str());
 
         // get streamer object from Frontend instance
         dtv_streamer* streamer = mFrontend->getIptvPluginStreamer();
         if (streamer == nullptr) {
-            ALOGE("[Demux] getIptvPluginStreamer(): streamer is null");
-            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                    static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_STATE));
+            streamer = mFrontend->createIptvPluginStreamer(interface, transport_desc.c_str());
+            if (streamer == nullptr) {
+                ALOGE("[   INFO   ] Failed to open stream");
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                        static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_STATE));
+            }
         }
-        ALOGI("[Demux] getIptvPluginStreamer(): streamer is not null");
 
-        // get transport description from frontend
-        string transport_desc = mFrontend->getIptvTransportDescription();
-        ALOGI("[Demux] getIptvTransportDescription(): transport_desc: %s", transport_desc.c_str());
-
-        // call read_stream on the socket to populate the buffer with TS data
-        // while thread is alive, keep reading data
-        int timeout_ms = 20;
-        int buffer_timeout = 10000;  // 10s
-        mDemuxIptvReadThread = std::thread(&Demux::readIptvThreadLoop, this, interface, streamer,
-                                           IPTV_BUFFER_SIZE, timeout_ms, buffer_timeout);
+        mDemuxIptvReadThread =
+                std::thread(&Demux::frontendIptvInputThreadLoop, this, interface, streamer);
     }
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.h b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.h
index ad7b7a7..b8d57df 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Demux.h
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@
 class TimeFilter;
 class Tuner;
 
+const int IPTV_PLAYBACK_TIMEOUT = 20;            // ms
+const int IPTV_PLAYBACK_BUFFER_TIMEOUT = 20000;  // ms
+
 class DvrPlaybackCallback : public BnDvrCallback {
   public:
     virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onPlaybackStatus(PlaybackStatus status) override {
@@ -103,8 +106,7 @@
     void setIsRecording(bool isRecording);
     bool isRecording();
     void startFrontendInputLoop();
-    void readIptvThreadLoop(dtv_plugin* interface, dtv_streamer* streamer, size_t size,
-                            int timeout_ms, int buffer_timeout);
+    void frontendIptvInputThreadLoop(dtv_plugin* interface, dtv_streamer* streamer);
 
     /**
      * A dispatcher to read and dispatch input data to all the started filters.
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp
index 57ed1ba..5cee3c7 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp
@@ -215,8 +215,31 @@
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-void Frontend::readTuneByte(dtv_streamer* streamer, void* buf, size_t buf_size, int timeout_ms) {
-    ssize_t bytes_read = mIptvPluginInterface->read_stream(streamer, buf, buf_size, timeout_ms);
+dtv_plugin* Frontend::createIptvPluginInterface() {
+    const char* path = "/vendor/lib/iptv_udp_plugin.so";
+    DtvPlugin* plugin = new DtvPlugin(path);
+    bool plugin_loaded = plugin->load();
+    if (!plugin_loaded) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to load plugin");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return plugin->interface();
+}
+
+dtv_streamer* Frontend::createIptvPluginStreamer(dtv_plugin* interface,
+                                                 const char* transport_desc) {
+    dtv_streamer* streamer = interface->create_streamer();
+    int open_fd = interface->open_stream(streamer, transport_desc);
+    if (open_fd < 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    ALOGI("[   INFO   ] open_stream successful, open_fd=%d", open_fd);
+    return streamer;
+}
+
+void Frontend::readTuneByte(void* buf) {
+    ssize_t bytes_read = mIptvPluginInterface->read_stream(mIptvPluginStreamer, buf,
+                                                           TUNE_BUFFER_SIZE, TUNE_BUFFER_TIMEOUT);
     if (bytes_read <= 0) {
         ALOGI("[   ERROR   ] Tune byte couldn't be read.");
         return;
@@ -242,53 +265,39 @@
         ALOGI("[   INFO   ] Frontend type is set to IPTV, tag = %d id=%d", in_settings.getTag(),
               mId);
 
-        // load udp plugin for reading TS data
-        const char* path = "/vendor/lib/iptv_udp_plugin.so";
-        DtvPlugin* plugin = new DtvPlugin(path);
-        if (!plugin) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to create DtvPlugin, plugin_path is invalid");
+        mIptvPluginInterface = createIptvPluginInterface();
+        if (mIptvPluginInterface == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("[   INFO   ] Failed to load plugin.");
             return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                     static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
         }
-        bool plugin_loaded = plugin->load();
-        if (!plugin_loaded) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to load plugin");
-            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                    static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
-        }
-        mIptvPluginInterface = plugin->interface();
 
         // validate content_url format
         std::string content_url = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::iptv>()->contentUrl;
-        std::string transport_desc = "{ \"uri\": \"" + content_url + "\"}";
-        ALOGI("[   INFO   ] transport_desc: %s", transport_desc.c_str());
-        bool is_transport_desc_valid = plugin->validate(transport_desc.c_str());
+        mIptvTransportDescription = "{ \"uri\": \"" + content_url + "\"}";
+        ALOGI("[   INFO   ] transport_desc: %s", mIptvTransportDescription.c_str());
+        bool is_transport_desc_valid =
+                mIptvPluginInterface->validate(mIptvTransportDescription.c_str());
         if (!is_transport_desc_valid) {  // not of format protocol://ip:port
             ALOGE("[   INFO   ] transport_desc is not valid");
             return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                     static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
         }
-        mIptvTransportDescription = transport_desc;
 
         // create a streamer and open it for reading data
-        dtv_streamer* streamer = mIptvPluginInterface->create_streamer();
-        mIptvPluginStreamer = streamer;
-        int open_fd = mIptvPluginInterface->open_stream(streamer, transport_desc.c_str());
-        if (open_fd < 0) {
-            ALOGE("[   INFO   ] could not open stream");
-            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                    static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
-        }
-        ALOGI("[   INFO   ] open_stream successful, open_fd=%d", open_fd);
+        mIptvPluginStreamer =
+                createIptvPluginStreamer(mIptvPluginInterface, mIptvTransportDescription.c_str());
 
-        size_t buf_size = 1;
-        int timeout_ms = 2000;
-        void* buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * buf_size);
-        if (buf == nullptr) ALOGI("malloc buf failed [TUNE]");
-        ALOGI("[   INFO   ] [Tune] Allocated buffer of size %zu", buf_size);
-        mIptvFrontendTuneThread =
-                std::thread(&Frontend::readTuneByte, this, streamer, buf, buf_size, timeout_ms);
-        if (mIptvFrontendTuneThread.joinable()) mIptvFrontendTuneThread.join();
+        void* buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * TUNE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        if (buf == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to allocate 1 byte buffer for tuning.");
+            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_STATE));
+        }
+        mIptvFrontendTuneThread = std::thread(&Frontend::readTuneByte, this, buf);
+        if (mIptvFrontendTuneThread.joinable()) {
+            mIptvFrontendTuneThread.join();
+        }
         free(buf);
     }
 
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h
index 17a1aee..7622ec0 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
 
 class Tuner;
 
+const int TUNE_BUFFER_SIZE = 1;        // byte
+const int TUNE_BUFFER_TIMEOUT = 2000;  // ms
+
 class Frontend : public BnFrontend {
   public:
     Frontend(FrontendType type, int32_t id);
@@ -64,7 +67,9 @@
     dtv_plugin* getIptvPluginInterface();
     string getIptvTransportDescription();
     dtv_streamer* getIptvPluginStreamer();
-    void readTuneByte(dtv_streamer* streamer, void* buf, size_t size, int timeout_ms);
+    void readTuneByte(void* buf);
+    dtv_streamer* createIptvPluginStreamer(dtv_plugin* interface, const char* transport_desc);
+    dtv_plugin* createIptvPluginInterface();
     bool isLocked();
     void getFrontendInfo(FrontendInfo* _aidl_return);
     void setTunerService(std::shared_ptr<Tuner> tuner);