diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/Android.bp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/Android.bp
index dbe0314..bf6c0be 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/Android.bp
@@ -24,13 +24,56 @@
 cc_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs-aidl-default-service",
     defaults: ["EvsHalDefaults"],
-    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
-    vintf_fragments: ["evs-default-service.xml"],
+    vintf_fragments: ["manifest_evs-default-service.xml"],
     init_rc: ["evs-default-service.rc"],
     vendor: true,
     relative_install_path: "hw",
-    srcs: ["src/*.cpp"],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder_ndk",
+    cflags: [
+        "-DGL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
+        "-DEGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
     ],
+    srcs: [
+        ":libgui_frame_event_aidl",
+        "src/*.cpp"
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.bufferqueue@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.bufferqueue@2.0",
+        "android.hidl.token@1.0-utils",
+        "libEGL",
+        "libGLESv2",
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libbufferqueueconverter",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libhardware_legacy",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libtinyxml2",
+        "libui",
+        "libutils",
+        "libyuv",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.frameworks.automotive.display-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.evs-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+        "libcutils",
+    ],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    include_dirs: ["frameworks/native/include/"],
+    required: ["evs_mock_hal_configuration.xml"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "evs_mock_hal_configuration.xml",
+    soc_specific: true,
+    src: "resources/evs_mock_configuration.xml",
+    sub_dir: "automotive/evs",
 }
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.rc b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.rc
index ea8e689..3da41ff 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.rc
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.rc
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 service vendor.evs-hal-default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.automotive.evs-aidl-default-service
     class early_hal
-    user automotive_evs
-    group automotive_evs
+    priority -20
+    user graphics
+    group automotive_evs camera
+    onrestart restart cardisplayproxyd
+    onrestart restart evsmanagerd
     disabled
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.xml b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 96ff9f6..0000000
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/evs-default-service.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
-    <hal format="aidl">
-        <name>android.hardware.automotive.evs</name>
-        <transport>hwbinder</transport>
-        <version>1</version>
-        <interface>
-            <name>IEvsEnumerator</name>
-            <instance>hw/0</instance>
-        </interface>
-    </hal>
-</manifest>
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/ConfigManager.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/ConfigManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d5fe77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/ConfigManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ConfigManagerUtil.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/CameraParam.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <system/camera_metadata.h>
+
+#include <tinyxml2.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+/*
+ * Please note that this is different from what is defined in
+ * libhardware/modules/camera/3_4/metadata/types.h; this has one additional
+ * field to store a framerate.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    int id;
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat format;
+    int type;
+    int framerate;
+} StreamConfiguration;
+
+class ConfigManager final {
+  public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager> Create();
+    ConfigManager(const ConfigManager&) = delete;
+    ConfigManager& operator=(const ConfigManager&) = delete;
+
+    /* Camera device's capabilities and metadata */
+    class CameraInfo {
+      public:
+        CameraInfo() : characteristics(nullptr) {}
+
+        virtual ~CameraInfo();
+
+        /* Allocate memory for camera_metadata_t */
+        bool allocate(size_t entry_cap, size_t data_cap) {
+            if (characteristics != nullptr) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Camera metadata is already allocated";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            characteristics = allocate_camera_metadata(entry_cap, data_cap);
+            return characteristics != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * List of supported controls that the primary client can program.
+         * Paraemters are stored with its valid range
+         */
+        std::unordered_map<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::CameraParam,
+                           std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t, int32_t>>
+                controls;
+
+        /*
+         * List of supported output stream configurations.
+         */
+        std::unordered_map<int32_t, StreamConfiguration> streamConfigurations;
+
+        /*
+         * Internal storage for camera metadata.  Each entry holds a pointer to
+         * data and number of elements
+         */
+        std::unordered_map<camera_metadata_tag_t, std::pair<void*, size_t>> cameraMetadata;
+
+        /* Camera module characteristics */
+        camera_metadata_t* characteristics;
+    };
+
+    class CameraGroupInfo : public CameraInfo {
+      public:
+        CameraGroupInfo() {}
+
+        /* ID of member camera devices */
+        std::unordered_set<std::string> devices;
+
+        /* The capture operation of member camera devices are synchronized */
+        int32_t synchronized = 0;
+    };
+
+    class SystemInfo {
+      public:
+        /* number of available cameras */
+        int32_t numCameras = 0;
+    };
+
+    class DisplayInfo {
+      public:
+        /*
+         * List of supported input stream configurations.
+         */
+        std::unordered_map<int32_t, StreamConfiguration> streamConfigurations;
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * Return system information
+     *
+     * @return SystemInfo
+     *         Constant reference of SystemInfo.
+     */
+    const SystemInfo& getSystemInfo() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+        mConfigCond.wait(lock, [this] { return mIsReady; });
+        return mSystemInfo;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Return a list of camera identifiers
+     *
+     * This function assumes that it is not being called frequently.
+     *
+     * @return std::vector<std::string>
+     *         A vector that contains unique camera device identifiers.
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> getCameraIdList() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+        mConfigCond.wait(lock, [this] { return mIsReady; });
+
+        std::vector<std::string> aList;
+        aList.reserve(mCameraInfo.size());
+        for (auto&& v : mCameraInfo) {
+            aList.push_back(v.first);
+        }
+
+        return aList;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Return a list of camera group identifiers
+     *
+     * This function assumes that it is not being called frequently.
+     *
+     * @return std::vector<std::string>
+     *         A vector that contains unique camera device identifiers.
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> getCameraGroupIdList() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+        mConfigCond.wait(lock, [this] { return mIsReady; });
+
+        std::vector<std::string> aList;
+        aList.reserve(mCameraGroups.size());
+        for (auto&& v : mCameraGroups) {
+            aList.push_back(v.first);
+        }
+
+        return aList;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Return a pointer to the camera group
+     *
+     * @return CameraGroup
+     *         A pointer to a camera group identified by a given id.
+     */
+    std::unique_ptr<CameraGroupInfo>& getCameraGroupInfo(const std::string& gid) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+        mConfigCond.wait(lock, [this] { return mIsReady; });
+
+        return mCameraGroups[gid];
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Return a camera metadata
+     *
+     * @param  cameraId
+     *         Unique camera node identifier in string
+     *
+     * @return unique_ptr<CameraInfo>
+     *         A pointer to CameraInfo that is associated with a given camera
+     *         ID.  This returns a null pointer if this does not recognize a
+     *         given camera identifier.
+     */
+    std::unique_ptr<CameraInfo>& getCameraInfo(const std::string& cameraId) noexcept {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+        mConfigCond.wait(lock, [this] { return mIsReady; });
+
+        return mCameraInfo[cameraId];
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Tell whether the configuration data is ready to be used
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     *         True if configuration data is ready to be consumed.
+     */
+    bool isReady() const { return mIsReady; }
+
+  private:
+    /* Constructors */
+    ConfigManager() : mBinaryFilePath("") {}
+
+    static std::string_view sConfigDefaultPath;
+    static std::string_view sConfigOverridePath;
+
+    /* System configuration */
+    SystemInfo mSystemInfo;
+
+    /* Internal data structure for camera device information */
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<CameraInfo>> mCameraInfo;
+
+    /* Internal data structure for camera device information */
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<DisplayInfo>> mDisplayInfo;
+
+    /* Camera groups are stored in <groud id, CameraGroup> hash map */
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<CameraGroupInfo>> mCameraGroups;
+
+    /*
+     * Camera positions are stored in <position, camera id set> hash map.
+     * The position must be one of front, rear, left, and right.
+     */
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_set<std::string>> mCameraPosition;
+
+    /* Configuration data lock */
+    mutable std::mutex mConfigLock;
+
+    /*
+     * This condition is signalled when it completes a configuration data
+     * preparation.
+     */
+    std::condition_variable mConfigCond;
+
+    /* A path to a binary configuration file */
+    const char* mBinaryFilePath;
+
+    /* Configuration data readiness */
+    bool mIsReady = false;
+
+    /*
+     * Parse a given EVS configuration file and store the information
+     * internally.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     *         True if it completes parsing a file successfully.
+     */
+    bool readConfigDataFromXML() noexcept;
+
+    /*
+     * read the information of the vehicle
+     *
+     * @param  aSysElem
+     *         A pointer to "system" XML element.
+     */
+    void readSystemInfo(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* const aSysElem);
+
+    /*
+     * read the information of camera devices
+     *
+     * @param  aCameraElem
+     *         A pointer to "camera" XML element that may contain multiple
+     *         "device" elements.
+     */
+    void readCameraInfo(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* const aCameraElem);
+
+    /*
+     * read display device information
+     *
+     * @param  aDisplayElem
+     *         A pointer to "display" XML element that may contain multiple
+     *         "device" elements.
+     */
+    void readDisplayInfo(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* const aDisplayElem);
+
+    /*
+     * read camera device information
+     *
+     * @param  aCamera
+     *         A pointer to CameraInfo that will be completed by this
+     *         method.
+     *         aDeviceElem
+     *         A pointer to "device" XML element that contains camera module
+     *         capability info and its characteristics.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     *         Return false upon any failure in reading and processing camera
+     *         device information.
+     */
+    bool readCameraDeviceInfo(CameraInfo* aCamera, const tinyxml2::XMLElement* aDeviceElem);
+
+    /*
+     * read camera metadata
+     *
+     * @param  aCapElem
+     *         A pointer to "cap" XML element.
+     * @param  aCamera
+     *         A pointer to CameraInfo that is being filled by this method.
+     * @param  dataSize
+     *         Required size of memory to store camera metadata found in this
+     *         method.  This is calculated in this method and returned to the
+     *         caller for camera_metadata allocation.
+     *
+     * @return size_t
+     *         Number of camera metadata entries
+     */
+    size_t readCameraCapabilities(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* const aCapElem, CameraInfo* aCamera,
+                                  size_t& dataSize);
+
+    /*
+     * read camera metadata
+     *
+     * @param  aParamElem
+     *         A pointer to "characteristics" XML element.
+     * @param  aCamera
+     *         A pointer to CameraInfo that is being filled by this method.
+     * @param  dataSize
+     *         Required size of memory to store camera metadata found in this
+     *         method.
+     *
+     * @return size_t
+     *         Number of camera metadata entries
+     */
+    size_t readCameraMetadata(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* const aParamElem, CameraInfo* aCamera,
+                              size_t& dataSize);
+
+    /*
+     * construct camera_metadata_t from camera capabilities and metadata
+     *
+     * @param  aCamera
+     *         A pointer to CameraInfo that is being filled by this method.
+     * @param  totalEntries
+     *         Number of camera metadata entries to be added.
+     * @param  totalDataSize
+     *         Sum of sizes of camera metadata entries to be added.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     *         False if either it fails to allocate memory for camera metadata
+     *         or its size is not large enough to add all found camera metadata
+     *         entries.
+     */
+    bool constructCameraMetadata(CameraInfo* aCamera, const size_t totalEntries,
+                                 const size_t totalDataSize);
+
+    /*
+     * Read configuration data from the binary file
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     *         True if it succeeds to read configuration data from a binary
+     *         file.
+     */
+    bool readConfigDataFromBinary();
+
+    /*
+     * Store configuration data to the file
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     *         True if it succeeds to serialize mCameraInfo to the file.
+     */
+    bool writeConfigDataToBinary();
+
+    /*
+     * debugging method to print out all XML elements and their attributes in
+     * logcat message.
+     *
+     * @param  aNode
+     *         A pointer to the root XML element to navigate.
+     * @param  prefix
+     *         A prefix to XML string.
+     */
+    void printElementNames(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* aNode, const std::string& prefix = "") const;
+};
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/ConfigManagerUtil.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/ConfigManagerUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32b50d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/ConfigManagerUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/CameraParam.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <system/camera_metadata.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+class ConfigManagerUtil final {
+  public:
+    /**
+     * Convert a given string into V4L2_CID_*
+     */
+    static bool convertToEvsCameraParam(
+            const std::string& id,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::CameraParam& camParam);
+    /**
+     * Convert a given string into android.hardware.graphics.common.PixelFormat
+     */
+    static bool convertToPixelFormat(const std::string& in,
+                                     ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat& out);
+    /**
+     * Convert a given string into corresponding camera metadata data tag defined in
+     * system/media/camera/include/system/camera_metadata_tags.h
+     */
+    static bool convertToMetadataTag(const char* name, camera_metadata_tag& aTag);
+    /**
+     * Convert a given string into a floating value array
+     */
+    static float* convertFloatArray(const char* sz, const char* vals, size_t& count,
+                                    const char delimiter = ',');
+    /**
+     * Trim a string
+     */
+    static std::string trimString(const std::string& src, const std::string& ws = " \n\r\t\f\v");
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a given string to corresponding camera capabilities
+     */
+    static bool convertToCameraCapability(
+            const char* name, camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t& cap);
+
+    DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ConfigManagerUtil);
+};
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/DefaultEvsEnumerator.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/DefaultEvsEnumerator.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 03a578d..0000000
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/DefaultEvsEnumerator.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef android_hardware_automotive_evs_aidl_impl_evshal_include_DefaultEvsHal_H_
-#define android_hardware_automotive_evs_aidl_impl_evshal_include_DefaultEvsHal_H_
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BnEvsEnumerator.h>
-
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
-
-class DefaultEvsEnumerator final
-    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::BnEvsEnumerator {
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isHardware(bool* flag) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus openCamera(
-            const std::string& cameraId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::Stream& streamConfig,
-            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsCamera>* obj) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus closeCamera(
-            const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsCamera>& obj)
-            override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraList(
-            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::CameraDesc>* list) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamList(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::CameraDesc& desc,
-            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::Stream>* _aidl_return) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus openDisplay(
-            int32_t displayId,
-            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsDisplay>* obj) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus closeDisplay(
-            const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsDisplay>& obj)
-            override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getDisplayIdList(std::vector<uint8_t>* list) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getDisplayState(
-            ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::DisplayState* state) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus registerStatusCallback(
-            const std::shared_ptr<
-                    ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback>&
-                    callback) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus openUltrasonicsArray(
-            const std::string& id,
-            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsUltrasonicsArray>* obj)
-            override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus closeUltrasonicsArray(
-            const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsUltrasonicsArray>&
-                    arr) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getUltrasonicsArrayList(
-            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::UltrasonicsArrayDesc>* list)
-            override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
-
-#endif  // android_hardware_automotive_evs_aidl_impl_evshal_include_DefaultEvsHal_H_
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsEnumerator.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsEnumerator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b11dd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsEnumerator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ConfigManager.h"
+#include "EvsGlDisplay.h"
+#include "EvsMockCamera.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/automotive/display/ICarDisplayProxy.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BnEvsEnumerator.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/CameraDesc.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/DeviceStatusType.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/IEvsCamera.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/Stream.h>
+#include <utils/Thread.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+class EvsEnumerator final : public ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::BnEvsEnumerator {
+  public:
+    // Methods from ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsEnumerator
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus isHardware(bool* flag) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus openCamera(const std::string& cameraId, const evs::Stream& streamConfig,
+                                  std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsCamera>* obj) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus closeCamera(const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsCamera>& obj) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraList(std::vector<evs::CameraDesc>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamList(const evs::CameraDesc& desc,
+                                     std::vector<evs::Stream>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus openDisplay(int32_t displayId,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsDisplay>* obj) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus closeDisplay(const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsDisplay>& obj) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDisplayIdList(std::vector<uint8_t>* list) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDisplayState(evs::DisplayState* state) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerStatusCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback>& callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus openUltrasonicsArray(
+            const std::string& id, std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsUltrasonicsArray>* obj) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus closeUltrasonicsArray(
+            const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsUltrasonicsArray>& obj) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getUltrasonicsArrayList(
+            std::vector<evs::UltrasonicsArrayDesc>* list) override;
+
+    // Implementation details
+    EvsEnumerator(const std::shared_ptr<
+                  ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::ICarDisplayProxy>&
+                          proxyService);
+
+    void notifyDeviceStatusChange(const std::string_view& deviceName, evs::DeviceStatusType type);
+
+  private:
+    struct CameraRecord {
+        evs::CameraDesc desc;
+        std::weak_ptr<EvsMockCamera> activeInstance;
+
+        CameraRecord(const char* cameraId) : desc() { desc.id = cameraId; }
+    };
+
+    class ActiveDisplays {
+      public:
+        struct DisplayInfo {
+            int32_t id{-1};
+            std::weak_ptr<EvsGlDisplay> displayWeak;
+            uintptr_t internalDisplayRawAddr;
+        };
+
+        std::optional<DisplayInfo> popDisplay(int32_t id);
+
+        std::optional<DisplayInfo> popDisplay(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>& display);
+
+        std::unordered_map<int32_t, DisplayInfo> getAllDisplays();
+
+        bool tryInsert(int32_t id, const std::shared_ptr<EvsGlDisplay>& display);
+
+      private:
+        std::mutex mMutex;
+        std::unordered_map<int32_t, DisplayInfo> mIdToDisplay GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+        std::unordered_map<uintptr_t, int32_t> mDisplayToId GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    };
+
+    bool checkPermission();
+    void closeCamera_impl(const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsCamera>& pCamera,
+                          const std::string& cameraId);
+
+    static bool qualifyCaptureDevice(const char* deviceName);
+    static CameraRecord* findCameraById(const std::string& cameraId);
+    static void enumerateCameras();
+    static bool addCaptureDevice(const std::string& deviceName);
+    static bool removeCaptureDevice(const std::string& deviceName);
+    // Enumerate available displays and return an id of the internal display
+    static uint64_t enumerateDisplays();
+
+    static ActiveDisplays& mutableActiveDisplays();
+
+    // NOTE:  All members values are static so that all clients operate on the same state
+    //        That is to say, this is effectively a singleton despite the fact that HIDL
+    //        constructs a new instance for each client.
+    //        Because our server has a single thread in the thread pool, these values are
+    //        never accessed concurrently despite potentially having multiple instance objects
+    //        using them.
+    static std::unordered_map<std::string, CameraRecord> sCameraList;
+    // Object destructs if client dies.
+    static std::mutex sLock;                               // Mutex on shared camera device list.
+    static std::condition_variable sCameraSignal;          // Signal on camera device addition.
+    static std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager> sConfigManager;  // ConfigManager
+    static std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::ICarDisplayProxy>
+            sDisplayProxy;
+    static std::unordered_map<uint8_t, uint64_t> sDisplayPortList;
+
+    uint64_t mInternalDisplayId;
+    std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsGlDisplay.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsGlDisplay.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ceabd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsGlDisplay.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "GlWrapper.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/automotive/display/ICarDisplayProxy.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BnEvsDisplay.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BufferDesc.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/DisplayDesc.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/DisplayState.h>
+
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+class EvsGlDisplay final : public BnEvsDisplay {
+  public:
+    // Methods from ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsDisplay
+    // follow.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDisplayInfo(evs::DisplayDesc* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDisplayState(evs::DisplayState* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getTargetBuffer(evs::BufferDesc* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus returnTargetBufferForDisplay(const evs::BufferDesc& buffer) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setDisplayState(evs::DisplayState state) override;
+
+    // Implementation details
+    EvsGlDisplay(const std::shared_ptr<automotivedisplay::ICarDisplayProxy>& service,
+                 uint64_t displayId);
+    virtual ~EvsGlDisplay() override;
+
+    // This gets called if another caller "steals" ownership of the display
+    void forceShutdown();
+
+  private:
+    // A graphics buffer into which we'll store images.  This member variable
+    // will be protected by semaphores.
+    struct BufferRecord {
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HardwareBufferDescription description;
+        buffer_handle_t handle;
+        int fingerprint;
+    } mBuffer;
+
+    // State of a rendering thread
+    enum RenderThreadStates {
+        STOPPED = 0,
+        STOPPING = 1,
+        RUN = 2,
+    };
+
+    uint64_t mDisplayId;
+    evs::DisplayDesc mInfo;
+    evs::DisplayState mRequestedState GUARDED_BY(mLock) = evs::DisplayState::NOT_VISIBLE;
+    std::shared_ptr<automotivedisplay::ICarDisplayProxy> mDisplayProxy;
+
+    GlWrapper mGlWrapper;
+    mutable std::mutex mLock;
+
+    // This tells us whether or not our buffer is in use.  Protected by
+    // semaphores.
+    bool mBufferBusy = false;
+
+    // Variables to synchronize a rendering thread w/ main and binder threads
+    std::thread mRenderThread;
+    RenderThreadStates mState GUARDED_BY(mLock) = STOPPED;
+    bool mBufferReady = false;
+    void renderFrames();
+    bool initializeGlContextLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+
+    std::condition_variable mBufferReadyToUse;
+    std::condition_variable mBufferReadyToRender;
+    std::condition_variable mBufferDone;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsMockCamera.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsMockCamera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46d47e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/EvsMockCamera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ConfigManager.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BnEvsCamera.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BufferDesc.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/CameraDesc.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/CameraParam.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/EvsResult.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/IEvsCameraStream.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/IEvsDisplay.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/ParameterRange.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/Stream.h>
+// #include <android-base/result.h>
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+class EvsMockCamera : public evs::BnEvsCamera {
+    // This prevents constructors from direct access while it allows this class to
+    // be instantiated via ndk::SharedRefBase::make<>.
+  private:
+    struct Sigil {
+        explicit Sigil() = default;
+    };
+
+  public:
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsCamera follow.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus doneWithFrame(const std::vector<evs::BufferDesc>& buffers) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus forcePrimaryClient(
+            const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsDisplay>& display) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraInfo(evs::CameraDesc* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getExtendedInfo(int32_t opaqueIdentifier,
+                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* value) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getIntParameter(evs::CameraParam id, std::vector<int32_t>* value) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getIntParameterRange(evs::CameraParam id,
+                                            evs::ParameterRange* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getParameterList(std::vector<evs::CameraParam>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getPhysicalCameraInfo(const std::string& deviceId,
+                                             evs::CameraDesc* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus importExternalBuffers(const std::vector<evs::BufferDesc>& buffers,
+                                             int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus pauseVideoStream() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus resumeVideoStream() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setExtendedInfo(int32_t opaqueIdentifier,
+                                       const std::vector<uint8_t>& opaqueValue) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setIntParameter(evs::CameraParam id, int32_t value,
+                                       std::vector<int32_t>* effectiveValue) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setPrimaryClient() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMaxFramesInFlight(int32_t bufferCount) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startVideoStream(
+            const std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsCameraStream>& receiver) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopVideoStream() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus unsetPrimaryClient() override;
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> Create(const char* deviceName);
+    static std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> Create(
+            const char* deviceName, std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo>& camInfo,
+            const evs::Stream* streamCfg = nullptr);
+    EvsMockCamera(const EvsMockCamera&) = delete;
+    EvsMockCamera& operator=(const EvsMockCamera&) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~EvsMockCamera() override;
+    void shutdown();
+
+    const evs::CameraDesc& getDesc() { return mDescription; }
+
+    // Constructors
+    EvsMockCamera(Sigil sigil, const char* deviceName,
+                  std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo>& camInfo);
+
+  private:
+    // These three functions are expected to be called while mAccessLock is held
+    bool setAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned bufferCount);
+    unsigned increaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToAdd);
+    unsigned decreaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToRemove);
+
+    void generateFrames();
+    void fillMockFrame(buffer_handle_t handle, const AHardwareBuffer_Desc* pDesc);
+    void returnBufferLocked(const uint32_t bufferId);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopVideoStream_impl();
+
+    CameraDesc mDescription = {};  // The properties of this camera
+
+    std::thread mCaptureThread;  // The thread we'll use to synthesize frames
+
+    // The callback used to deliver each frame
+    std::shared_ptr<evs::IEvsCameraStream> mStream;
+
+    // Horizontal pixel count in the buffers
+    uint32_t mWidth = 0;
+    // Vertical pixel count in the buffers
+    uint32_t mHeight = 0;
+    // Values from android_pixel_format_t
+    uint32_t mFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+    // Values from from Gralloc.h
+    uint64_t mUsage =
+            GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_RARELY | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
+    // Bytes per line in the buffers
+    uint32_t mStride = 0;
+
+    struct BufferRecord {
+        buffer_handle_t handle;
+        bool inUse;
+
+        explicit BufferRecord(buffer_handle_t h) : handle(h), inUse(false){};
+    };
+
+    std::vector<BufferRecord> mBuffers;  // Graphics buffers to transfer images
+    unsigned mFramesAllowed;             // How many buffers are we currently using
+    unsigned mFramesInUse;               // How many buffers are currently outstanding
+
+    enum StreamStateValues {
+        STOPPED,
+        RUNNING,
+        STOPPING,
+        DEAD,
+    };
+    StreamStateValues mStreamState;
+
+    // Synchronization necessary to deconflict mCaptureThread from the main service thread
+    std::mutex mAccessLock;
+
+    // Static camera module information
+    std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo>& mCameraInfo;
+
+    // For the extended info
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::vector<uint8_t>> mExtInfo;
+    std::unordered_map<CameraParam, int32_t> mParams;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/GlWrapper.h b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/GlWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb250c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/include/GlWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <EGL/egl.h>
+#include <EGL/eglext.h>
+#include <GLES2/gl2.h>
+#include <GLES2/gl2ext.h>
+#include <GLES3/gl3.h>
+#include <GLES3/gl3ext.h>
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/automotive/display/ICarDisplayProxy.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/BufferDesc.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <bufferqueueconverter/BufferQueueConverter.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+namespace automotivedisplay = ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display;
+
+class GlWrapper {
+  public:
+    GlWrapper() : mSurfaceHolder(::android::SurfaceHolderUniquePtr(nullptr, nullptr)) {}
+    bool initialize(const std::shared_ptr<automotivedisplay::ICarDisplayProxy>& svc,
+                    uint64_t displayId);
+    void shutdown();
+
+    bool updateImageTexture(
+            buffer_handle_t handle,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HardwareBufferDescription&
+                    description);
+    void renderImageToScreen();
+
+    void showWindow(const std::shared_ptr<automotivedisplay::ICarDisplayProxy>& svc,
+                    uint64_t displayId);
+    void hideWindow(const std::shared_ptr<automotivedisplay::ICarDisplayProxy>& svc,
+                    uint64_t displayId);
+
+    unsigned getWidth() { return mWidth; };
+    unsigned getHeight() { return mHeight; };
+
+  private:
+    ::android::sp<::android::hardware::graphics::bufferqueue::V2_0::IGraphicBufferProducer>
+            mGfxBufferProducer;
+
+    EGLDisplay mDisplay;
+    EGLSurface mSurface;
+    EGLContext mContext;
+
+    unsigned mWidth = 0;
+    unsigned mHeight = 0;
+
+    EGLImageKHR mKHRimage = EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR;
+
+    GLuint mTextureMap = 0;
+    GLuint mShaderProgram = 0;
+
+    // Opaque handle for a native hardware buffer defined in
+    // frameworks/native/opengl/include/EGL/eglplatform.h
+    ANativeWindow* mWindow;
+
+    // Pointer to a Surface wrapper.
+    ::android::SurfaceHolderUniquePtr mSurfaceHolder;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8480651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.evs</name>
+        <fqname>IEvsEnumerator/hw/0</fqname>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/resources/evs_mock_configuration.xml b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/resources/evs_mock_configuration.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cbc18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/resources/evs_mock_configuration.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!-- Exterior View System Example Configuration
+
+     Android Automotive axes are used to define coordinates.
+     See https://source.android.com/devices/sensors/sensor-types#auto_axes
+
+     Use evs_configuration.dtd with xmllint tool, to validate XML configuration file
+-->
+
+<configuration>
+    <!-- system configuration -->
+    <system>
+        <!-- number of cameras available to EVS -->
+        <num_cameras value='1'/>
+    </system>
+
+    <!-- camera information -->
+    <camera>
+        <!-- camera device starts -->
+        <device id='/dev/video10' position='rear'>
+            <caps>
+                <!-- list of supported controls -->
+                <supported_controls>
+                    <control name='BRIGHTNESS' min='0' max='255'/>
+                    <control name='CONTRAST' min='0' max='255'/>
+                </supported_controls>
+
+                <stream id='0' width='640'  height='360'  format='RGBA_8888' framerate='30'/>
+            </caps>
+
+            <!-- list of parameters -->
+            <characteristics>
+                <!-- Camera intrinsic calibration matrix. See
+                     https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraCharacteristics.html#LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION
+                -->
+                <parameter
+                    name='LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION'
+                    type='float'
+                    size='5'
+                    value='0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0'
+                />
+            </characteristics>
+        </device>
+    </camera>
+    <display>
+        <device id='display0' position='driver'>
+            <caps>
+                <!-- list of supported inpu stream configurations -->
+                <stream id='0' width='1280' height='720' format='RGBA_8888' framerate='30'/>
+            </caps>
+        </device>
+    </display>
+</configuration>
+
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/ConfigManager.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/ConfigManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da791ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/ConfigManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,992 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "ConfigManager.h"
+
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::CameraParam;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::tinyxml2::XMLAttribute;
+using ::tinyxml2::XMLDocument;
+using ::tinyxml2::XMLElement;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string_view ConfigManager::sConfigDefaultPath =
+        "/vendor/etc/automotive/evs/evs_mock_hal_configuration.xml";
+std::string_view ConfigManager::sConfigOverridePath =
+        "/vendor/etc/automotive/evs/evs_configuration_override.xml";
+
+void ConfigManager::printElementNames(const XMLElement* rootElem, const std::string& prefix) const {
+    const XMLElement* curElem = rootElem;
+
+    while (curElem != nullptr) {
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "[ELEM] " << prefix << curElem->Name();
+        const XMLAttribute* curAttr = curElem->FirstAttribute();
+        while (curAttr) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "[ATTR] " << prefix << curAttr->Name() << ": " << curAttr->Value();
+            curAttr = curAttr->Next();
+        }
+
+        /* recursively go down to descendants */
+        printElementNames(curElem->FirstChildElement(), prefix + "\t");
+
+        curElem = curElem->NextSiblingElement();
+    }
+}
+
+void ConfigManager::readCameraInfo(const XMLElement* const aCameraElem) {
+    if (aCameraElem == nullptr) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "XML file does not have required camera element";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const XMLElement* curElem = aCameraElem->FirstChildElement();
+    while (curElem != nullptr) {
+        if (!strcmp(curElem->Name(), "group")) {
+            /* camera group identifier */
+            const char* id = curElem->FindAttribute("id")->Value();
+
+            /* create a camera group to be filled */
+            CameraGroupInfo* aCamera = new CameraGroupInfo();
+
+            /* read camera device information */
+            if (!readCameraDeviceInfo(aCamera, curElem)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to read a camera information of " << id;
+                delete aCamera;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /* camera group synchronization */
+            const char* sync = curElem->FindAttribute("synchronized")->Value();
+            if (!strcmp(sync, "CALIBRATED")) {
+                aCamera->synchronized = ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_SENSOR_SYNC_TYPE_CALIBRATED;
+            } else if (!strcmp(sync, "APPROXIMATE")) {
+                aCamera->synchronized = ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_SENSOR_SYNC_TYPE_APPROXIMATE;
+            } else {
+                aCamera->synchronized = 0;  // Not synchronized
+            }
+
+            /* add a group to hash map */
+            mCameraGroups.insert_or_assign(id, std::unique_ptr<CameraGroupInfo>(aCamera));
+        } else if (!std::strcmp(curElem->Name(), "device")) {
+            /* camera unique identifier */
+            const char* id = curElem->FindAttribute("id")->Value();
+
+            /* camera mount location */
+            const char* pos = curElem->FindAttribute("position")->Value();
+
+            /* create a camera device to be filled */
+            CameraInfo* aCamera = new CameraInfo();
+
+            /* read camera device information */
+            if (!readCameraDeviceInfo(aCamera, curElem)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to read a camera information of " << id;
+                delete aCamera;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /* store read camera module information */
+            mCameraInfo.insert_or_assign(id, std::unique_ptr<CameraInfo>(aCamera));
+
+            /* assign a camera device to a position group */
+            mCameraPosition[pos].insert(id);
+        } else {
+            /* ignore other device types */
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Unknown element " << curElem->Name() << " is ignored";
+        }
+
+        curElem = curElem->NextSiblingElement();
+    }
+}
+
+bool ConfigManager::readCameraDeviceInfo(CameraInfo* aCamera, const XMLElement* aDeviceElem) {
+    if (aCamera == nullptr || aDeviceElem == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* size information to allocate camera_metadata_t */
+    size_t totalEntries = 0;
+    size_t totalDataSize = 0;
+
+    /* read device capabilities */
+    totalEntries +=
+            readCameraCapabilities(aDeviceElem->FirstChildElement("caps"), aCamera, totalDataSize);
+
+    /* read camera metadata */
+    totalEntries += readCameraMetadata(aDeviceElem->FirstChildElement("characteristics"), aCamera,
+                                       totalDataSize);
+
+    /* construct camera_metadata_t */
+    if (!constructCameraMetadata(aCamera, totalEntries, totalDataSize)) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Either failed to allocate memory or "
+                     << "allocated memory was not large enough";
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+size_t ConfigManager::readCameraCapabilities(const XMLElement* const aCapElem, CameraInfo* aCamera,
+                                             size_t& dataSize) {
+    if (aCapElem == nullptr || aCamera == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    std::string token;
+    const XMLElement* curElem = nullptr;
+
+    /* a list of supported camera parameters/controls */
+    curElem = aCapElem->FirstChildElement("supported_controls");
+    if (curElem != nullptr) {
+        const XMLElement* ctrlElem = curElem->FirstChildElement("control");
+        while (ctrlElem != nullptr) {
+            const char* nameAttr = ctrlElem->FindAttribute("name")->Value();
+            int32_t minVal = INT32_MIN, maxVal = INT32_MAX;
+            if (!android::base::ParseInt(ctrlElem->FindAttribute("min")->Value(), &minVal)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << ctrlElem->FindAttribute("min")->Value();
+            }
+
+            if (!android::base::ParseInt(ctrlElem->FindAttribute("max")->Value(), &maxVal)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << ctrlElem->FindAttribute("max")->Value();
+            }
+
+            int32_t stepVal = 1;
+            const XMLAttribute* stepAttr = ctrlElem->FindAttribute("step");
+            if (stepAttr != nullptr) {
+                if (!android::base::ParseInt(stepAttr->Value(), &stepVal)) {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << stepAttr->Value();
+                }
+            }
+
+            CameraParam aParam;
+            if (ConfigManagerUtil::convertToEvsCameraParam(nameAttr, aParam)) {
+                aCamera->controls.insert_or_assign(
+                        aParam, std::move(std::make_tuple(minVal, maxVal, stepVal)));
+            }
+
+            ctrlElem = ctrlElem->NextSiblingElement("control");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* a list of camera stream configurations */
+    curElem = aCapElem->FirstChildElement("stream");
+    while (curElem != nullptr) {
+        /* read 5 attributes */
+        const XMLAttribute* idAttr = curElem->FindAttribute("id");
+        const XMLAttribute* widthAttr = curElem->FindAttribute("width");
+        const XMLAttribute* heightAttr = curElem->FindAttribute("height");
+        const XMLAttribute* fmtAttr = curElem->FindAttribute("format");
+        const XMLAttribute* fpsAttr = curElem->FindAttribute("framerate");
+
+        int32_t id = -1;
+        int32_t framerate = 0;
+        if (!android::base::ParseInt(idAttr->Value(), &id)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << idAttr->Value();
+        }
+        if (fpsAttr != nullptr) {
+            if (!android::base::ParseInt(fpsAttr->Value(), &framerate)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << fpsAttr->Value();
+            }
+        }
+
+        PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::UNSPECIFIED;
+        if (ConfigManagerUtil::convertToPixelFormat(fmtAttr->Value(), format)) {
+            StreamConfiguration cfg = {
+                    .id = id,
+                    .format = format,
+                    .type = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT,
+                    .framerate = framerate,
+            };
+
+            if (!android::base::ParseInt(widthAttr->Value(), &cfg.width) ||
+                !android::base::ParseInt(heightAttr->Value(), &cfg.height)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << widthAttr->Value() << " and "
+                             << heightAttr->Value();
+            }
+            aCamera->streamConfigurations.insert_or_assign(id, cfg);
+        }
+
+        curElem = curElem->NextSiblingElement("stream");
+    }
+
+    dataSize = calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(
+            get_camera_metadata_tag_type(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS),
+            aCamera->streamConfigurations.size() * sizeof(StreamConfiguration));
+
+    /* a single camera metadata entry contains multiple stream configurations */
+    return dataSize > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+size_t ConfigManager::readCameraMetadata(const XMLElement* const aParamElem, CameraInfo* aCamera,
+                                         size_t& dataSize) {
+    if (aParamElem == nullptr || aCamera == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const XMLElement* curElem = aParamElem->FirstChildElement("parameter");
+    size_t numEntries = 0;
+    camera_metadata_tag_t tag;
+    while (curElem != nullptr) {
+        if (ConfigManagerUtil::convertToMetadataTag(curElem->FindAttribute("name")->Value(), tag)) {
+            switch (tag) {
+                case ANDROID_LENS_DISTORTION:
+                case ANDROID_LENS_POSE_ROTATION:
+                case ANDROID_LENS_POSE_TRANSLATION:
+                case ANDROID_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION: {
+                    /* float[] */
+                    size_t count = 0;
+                    void* data = ConfigManagerUtil::convertFloatArray(
+                            curElem->FindAttribute("size")->Value(),
+                            curElem->FindAttribute("value")->Value(), count);
+
+                    aCamera->cameraMetadata.insert_or_assign(tag, std::make_pair(data, count));
+
+                    ++numEntries;
+                    dataSize += calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(
+                            get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag), count);
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES: {
+                    camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t* data =
+                            new camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t[1];
+                    if (ConfigManagerUtil::convertToCameraCapability(
+                                curElem->FindAttribute("value")->Value(), *data)) {
+                        aCamera->cameraMetadata.insert_or_assign(tag,
+                                                                 std::make_pair((void*)data, 1));
+
+                        ++numEntries;
+                        dataSize += calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(
+                                get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag), 1);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_PHYSICAL_IDS: {
+                    /* a comma-separated list of physical camera devices */
+                    size_t len = strlen(curElem->FindAttribute("value")->Value());
+                    char* data = new char[len + 1];
+                    memcpy(data, curElem->FindAttribute("value")->Value(), len * sizeof(char));
+
+                    /* replace commas with null char */
+                    char* p = data;
+                    while (*p != '\0') {
+                        if (*p == ',') {
+                            *p = '\0';
+                        }
+                        ++p;
+                    }
+
+                    aCamera->cameraMetadata.insert_or_assign(tag,
+                                                             std::make_pair((void*)data, len + 1));
+
+                    ++numEntries;
+                    dataSize += calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(
+                            get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag), len);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                /* TODO(b/140416878): add vendor-defined/custom tag support */
+                default:
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "Parameter " << curElem->FindAttribute("name")->Value()
+                                 << " is not supported";
+                    break;
+            }
+        } else {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Unsupported metadata tag " << curElem->FindAttribute("name")->Value()
+                         << " is found.";
+        }
+
+        curElem = curElem->NextSiblingElement("parameter");
+    }
+
+    return numEntries;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManager::constructCameraMetadata(CameraInfo* aCamera, size_t totalEntries,
+                                            size_t totalDataSize) {
+    if (aCamera == nullptr || !aCamera->allocate(totalEntries, totalDataSize)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate memory for camera metadata";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const size_t numStreamConfigs = aCamera->streamConfigurations.size();
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t[]> data(new int32_t[sizeof(StreamConfiguration) * numStreamConfigs]);
+    int32_t* ptr = data.get();
+    for (auto& cfg : aCamera->streamConfigurations) {
+        memcpy(ptr, &cfg.second, sizeof(StreamConfiguration));
+        ptr += sizeof(StreamConfiguration);
+    }
+    int32_t err = add_camera_metadata_entry(
+            aCamera->characteristics, ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS, data.get(),
+            numStreamConfigs * sizeof(StreamConfiguration));
+
+    if (err) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to add stream configurations to metadata, ignored";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool success = true;
+    for (auto& [tag, entry] : aCamera->cameraMetadata) {
+        /* try to add new camera metadata entry */
+        int32_t err =
+                add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, entry.first, entry.second);
+        if (err) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to add an entry with a tag, " << std::hex << tag;
+
+            /* may exceed preallocated capacity */
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Camera metadata has "
+                       << get_camera_metadata_entry_count(aCamera->characteristics) << " / "
+                       << get_camera_metadata_entry_capacity(aCamera->characteristics)
+                       << " entries and "
+                       << get_camera_metadata_data_count(aCamera->characteristics) << " / "
+                       << get_camera_metadata_data_capacity(aCamera->characteristics)
+                       << " bytes are filled.";
+            LOG(ERROR) << "\tCurrent metadata entry requires "
+                       << calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(tag, entry.second) << " bytes.";
+
+            success = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Camera metadata has "
+                 << get_camera_metadata_entry_count(aCamera->characteristics) << " / "
+                 << get_camera_metadata_entry_capacity(aCamera->characteristics) << " entries and "
+                 << get_camera_metadata_data_count(aCamera->characteristics) << " / "
+                 << get_camera_metadata_data_capacity(aCamera->characteristics)
+                 << " bytes are filled.";
+    return success;
+}
+
+void ConfigManager::readSystemInfo(const XMLElement* const aSysElem) {
+    if (aSysElem == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Please note that this function assumes that a given system XML element
+     * and its child elements follow DTD.  If it does not, it will cause a
+     * segmentation fault due to the failure of finding expected attributes.
+     */
+
+    /* read number of cameras available in the system */
+    const XMLElement* xmlElem = aSysElem->FirstChildElement("num_cameras");
+    if (xmlElem != nullptr) {
+        if (!android::base::ParseInt(xmlElem->FindAttribute("value")->Value(),
+                                     &mSystemInfo.numCameras)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << xmlElem->FindAttribute("value")->Value();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ConfigManager::readDisplayInfo(const XMLElement* const aDisplayElem) {
+    if (aDisplayElem == nullptr) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "XML file does not have required camera element";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const XMLElement* curDev = aDisplayElem->FirstChildElement("device");
+    while (curDev != nullptr) {
+        const char* id = curDev->FindAttribute("id")->Value();
+        std::unique_ptr<DisplayInfo> dpy(new DisplayInfo());
+        if (dpy == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate memory for DisplayInfo";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const XMLElement* cap = curDev->FirstChildElement("caps");
+        if (cap != nullptr) {
+            const XMLElement* curStream = cap->FirstChildElement("stream");
+            while (curStream != nullptr) {
+                /* read 4 attributes */
+                const XMLAttribute* idAttr = curStream->FindAttribute("id");
+                const XMLAttribute* widthAttr = curStream->FindAttribute("width");
+                const XMLAttribute* heightAttr = curStream->FindAttribute("height");
+                const XMLAttribute* fmtAttr = curStream->FindAttribute("format");
+
+                int32_t id = -1;
+                if (!android::base::ParseInt(idAttr->Value(), &id)) {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << idAttr->Value();
+                }
+                PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::UNSPECIFIED;
+                if (ConfigManagerUtil::convertToPixelFormat(fmtAttr->Value(), format)) {
+                    StreamConfiguration cfg = {
+                            .id = id,
+                            .format = format,
+                            .type = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_INPUT,
+                    };
+                    if (!android::base::ParseInt(widthAttr->Value(), &cfg.width) ||
+                        !android::base::ParseInt(heightAttr->Value(), &cfg.height)) {
+                        LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << widthAttr->Value() << " and "
+                                     << heightAttr->Value();
+                    }
+                    dpy->streamConfigurations.insert_or_assign(id, cfg);
+                }
+
+                curStream = curStream->NextSiblingElement("stream");
+            }
+        }
+
+        mDisplayInfo.insert_or_assign(id, std::move(dpy));
+        curDev = curDev->NextSiblingElement("device");
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManager::readConfigDataFromXML() noexcept {
+    XMLDocument xmlDoc;
+
+    const int64_t parsingStart = android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+
+    /* load and parse a configuration file */
+    xmlDoc.LoadFile(sConfigOverridePath.data());
+    if (xmlDoc.ErrorID() != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+        xmlDoc.LoadFile(sConfigDefaultPath.data());
+        if (xmlDoc.ErrorID() != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load and/or parse a configuration file, " << xmlDoc.ErrorStr();
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* retrieve the root element */
+    const XMLElement* rootElem = xmlDoc.RootElement();
+    if (std::strcmp(rootElem->Name(), "configuration") != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "A configuration file is not in the required format.  "
+                   << "See /etc/automotive/evs/evs_configuration.dtd";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+
+    /*
+     * parse camera information; this needs to be done before reading system
+     * information
+     */
+    readCameraInfo(rootElem->FirstChildElement("camera"));
+
+    /* parse system information */
+    readSystemInfo(rootElem->FirstChildElement("system"));
+
+    /* parse display information */
+    readDisplayInfo(rootElem->FirstChildElement("display"));
+
+    /* configuration data is ready to be consumed */
+    mIsReady = true;
+
+    /* notify that configuration data is ready */
+    lock.unlock();
+    mConfigCond.notify_all();
+
+    const int64_t parsingEnd = android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+    LOG(INFO) << "Parsing configuration file takes " << std::scientific
+              << (double)(parsingEnd - parsingStart) / 1000000.0 << " ms.";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManager::readConfigDataFromBinary() {
+    /* Temporary buffer to hold configuration data read from a binary file */
+    char mBuffer[1024];
+
+    std::fstream srcFile;
+    const int64_t readStart = android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+
+    srcFile.open(mBinaryFilePath, std::fstream::in | std::fstream::binary);
+    if (!srcFile) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open a source binary file, " << mBinaryFilePath;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+    mIsReady = false;
+
+    /* read configuration data into the internal buffer */
+    srcFile.read(mBuffer, sizeof(mBuffer));
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << srcFile.gcount() << " bytes are read.";
+    char* p = mBuffer;
+    size_t sz = 0;
+
+    /* read number of camera group information entries */
+    const size_t ngrps = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+    p += sizeof(size_t);
+
+    /* read each camera information entry */
+    for (size_t cidx = 0; cidx < ngrps; ++cidx) {
+        /* read camera identifier */
+        std::string cameraId = *(reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(std::string);
+
+        /* size of camera_metadata_t */
+        const size_t num_entry = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+        const size_t num_data = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+
+        /* create CameraInfo and add it to hash map */
+        std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraGroupInfo> aCamera;
+        if (aCamera == nullptr || !aCamera->allocate(num_entry, num_data)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create new CameraInfo object";
+            mCameraInfo.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /* controls */
+        typedef struct {
+            CameraParam cid;
+            int32_t min;
+            int32_t max;
+            int32_t step;
+        } CameraCtrl;
+        sz = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+        CameraCtrl* ptr = reinterpret_cast<CameraCtrl*>(p);
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < sz; ++idx) {
+            CameraCtrl temp = *ptr++;
+            aCamera->controls.insert_or_assign(
+                    temp.cid, std::move(std::make_tuple(temp.min, temp.max, temp.step)));
+        }
+        p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(ptr);
+
+        /* stream configurations */
+        sz = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+        int32_t* i32_ptr = reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(p);
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < sz; ++idx) {
+            const int32_t id = *i32_ptr++;
+
+            StreamConfiguration temp;
+            memcpy(&temp, i32_ptr, sizeof(StreamConfiguration));
+            i32_ptr += sizeof(StreamConfiguration);
+            aCamera->streamConfigurations.insert_or_assign(id, temp);
+        }
+        p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(i32_ptr);
+
+        /* synchronization */
+        aCamera->synchronized = *(reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(int32_t);
+
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < num_entry; ++idx) {
+            /* Read camera metadata entries */
+            camera_metadata_tag_t tag = *reinterpret_cast<camera_metadata_tag_t*>(p);
+            p += sizeof(camera_metadata_tag_t);
+            const size_t count = *reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p);
+            p += sizeof(size_t);
+
+            const int32_t type = get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag);
+            switch (type) {
+                case TYPE_BYTE: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(uint8_t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_INT32: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(int32_t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_FLOAT: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(float);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_INT64: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(int64_t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(double);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_RATIONAL:
+                    p += count * sizeof(camera_metadata_rational_t);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "Type " << type << " is unknown; "
+                                 << "data may be corrupted.";
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        mCameraInfo.insert_or_assign(cameraId, std::move(aCamera));
+    }
+
+    /* read number of camera information entries */
+    const size_t ncams = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+    p += sizeof(size_t);
+
+    /* read each camera information entry */
+    for (size_t cidx = 0; cidx < ncams; ++cidx) {
+        /* read camera identifier */
+        std::string cameraId = *(reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(std::string);
+
+        /* size of camera_metadata_t */
+        const size_t num_entry = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+        const size_t num_data = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+
+        /* create CameraInfo and add it to hash map */
+        std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo> aCamera;
+        if (aCamera == nullptr || !aCamera->allocate(num_entry, num_data)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create new CameraInfo object";
+            mCameraInfo.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /* controls */
+        typedef struct {
+            CameraParam cid;
+            int32_t min;
+            int32_t max;
+            int32_t step;
+        } CameraCtrl;
+        sz = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+        CameraCtrl* ptr = reinterpret_cast<CameraCtrl*>(p);
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < sz; ++idx) {
+            CameraCtrl temp = *ptr++;
+            aCamera->controls.insert_or_assign(
+                    temp.cid, std::move(std::make_tuple(temp.min, temp.max, temp.step)));
+        }
+        p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(ptr);
+
+        /* stream configurations */
+        sz = *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p));
+        p += sizeof(size_t);
+        int32_t* i32_ptr = reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(p);
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < sz; ++idx) {
+            const int32_t id = *i32_ptr++;
+
+            StreamConfiguration temp;
+            memcpy(&temp, i32_ptr, sizeof(StreamConfiguration));
+            i32_ptr += sizeof(StreamConfiguration);
+            aCamera->streamConfigurations.insert_or_assign(id, temp);
+        }
+        p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(i32_ptr);
+
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < num_entry; ++idx) {
+            /* Read camera metadata entries */
+            camera_metadata_tag_t tag = *reinterpret_cast<camera_metadata_tag_t*>(p);
+            p += sizeof(camera_metadata_tag_t);
+            const size_t count = *reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(p);
+            p += sizeof(size_t);
+
+            const int32_t type = get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag);
+            switch (type) {
+                case TYPE_BYTE: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(uint8_t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_INT32: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(int32_t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_FLOAT: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(float);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_INT64: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(int64_t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+                    add_camera_metadata_entry(aCamera->characteristics, tag, p, count);
+                    p += count * sizeof(double);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case TYPE_RATIONAL:
+                    p += count * sizeof(camera_metadata_rational_t);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "Type " << type << " is unknown; "
+                                 << "data may be corrupted.";
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        mCameraInfo.insert_or_assign(cameraId, std::move(aCamera));
+    }
+
+    mIsReady = true;
+
+    /* notify that configuration data is ready */
+    lock.unlock();
+    mConfigCond.notify_all();
+
+    int64_t readEnd = android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+    LOG(INFO) << __FUNCTION__ << " takes " << std::scientific
+              << (double)(readEnd - readStart) / 1000000.0 << " ms.";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManager::writeConfigDataToBinary() {
+    std::fstream outFile;
+
+    const int64_t writeStart = android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+
+    outFile.open(mBinaryFilePath, std::fstream::out | std::fstream::binary);
+    if (!outFile) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open a destination binary file, " << mBinaryFilePath;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* lock a configuration data while it's being written to the filesystem */
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConfigLock);
+
+    /* write camera group information */
+    size_t sz = mCameraGroups.size();
+    outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&sz), sizeof(size_t));
+    for (auto&& [camId, camInfo] : mCameraGroups) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Storing camera group " << camId;
+
+        /* write a camera identifier string */
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&camId), sizeof(std::string));
+
+        /* controls */
+        sz = camInfo->controls.size();
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&sz), sizeof(size_t));
+        for (auto&& [ctrl, range] : camInfo->controls) {
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&ctrl), sizeof(CameraParam));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&std::get<0>(range)), sizeof(int32_t));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&std::get<1>(range)), sizeof(int32_t));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&std::get<2>(range)), sizeof(int32_t));
+        }
+
+        /* stream configurations */
+        sz = camInfo->streamConfigurations.size();
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&sz), sizeof(size_t));
+        for (auto&& [sid, cfg] : camInfo->streamConfigurations) {
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(sid), sizeof(int32_t));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cfg), sizeof(cfg));
+        }
+
+        /* synchronization */
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&camInfo->synchronized), sizeof(int32_t));
+
+        /* size of camera_metadata_t */
+        size_t num_entry = 0;
+        size_t num_data = 0;
+        if (camInfo->characteristics != nullptr) {
+            num_entry = get_camera_metadata_entry_count(camInfo->characteristics);
+            num_data = get_camera_metadata_data_count(camInfo->characteristics);
+        }
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&num_entry), sizeof(size_t));
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&num_data), sizeof(size_t));
+
+        /* write each camera metadata entry */
+        if (num_entry > 0) {
+            camera_metadata_entry_t entry;
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < num_entry; ++idx) {
+                if (get_camera_metadata_entry(camInfo->characteristics, idx, &entry)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to retrieve camera metadata entry " << idx;
+                    outFile.close();
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&entry.tag), sizeof(entry.tag));
+                outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&entry.count), sizeof(entry.count));
+
+                int32_t type = get_camera_metadata_tag_type(entry.tag);
+                switch (type) {
+                    case TYPE_BYTE:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.u8),
+                                      sizeof(uint8_t) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_INT32:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.i32),
+                                      sizeof(int32_t) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.f),
+                                      sizeof(float) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_INT64:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.i64),
+                                      sizeof(int64_t) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.d),
+                                      sizeof(double) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_RATIONAL:
+                        [[fallthrough]];
+                    default:
+                        LOG(WARNING) << "Type " << type << " is not supported.";
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* write camera device information */
+    sz = mCameraInfo.size();
+    outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&sz), sizeof(size_t));
+    for (auto&& [camId, camInfo] : mCameraInfo) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Storing camera " << camId;
+
+        /* write a camera identifier string */
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&camId), sizeof(std::string));
+
+        /* controls */
+        sz = camInfo->controls.size();
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&sz), sizeof(size_t));
+        for (auto& [ctrl, range] : camInfo->controls) {
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&ctrl), sizeof(CameraParam));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&std::get<0>(range)), sizeof(int32_t));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&std::get<1>(range)), sizeof(int32_t));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&std::get<2>(range)), sizeof(int32_t));
+        }
+
+        /* stream configurations */
+        sz = camInfo->streamConfigurations.size();
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&sz), sizeof(size_t));
+        for (auto&& [sid, cfg] : camInfo->streamConfigurations) {
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(sid), sizeof(int32_t));
+            outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cfg), sizeof(cfg));
+        }
+
+        /* size of camera_metadata_t */
+        size_t num_entry = 0;
+        size_t num_data = 0;
+        if (camInfo->characteristics != nullptr) {
+            num_entry = get_camera_metadata_entry_count(camInfo->characteristics);
+            num_data = get_camera_metadata_data_count(camInfo->characteristics);
+        }
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&num_entry), sizeof(size_t));
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&num_data), sizeof(size_t));
+
+        /* write each camera metadata entry */
+        if (num_entry > 0) {
+            camera_metadata_entry_t entry;
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < num_entry; ++idx) {
+                if (get_camera_metadata_entry(camInfo->characteristics, idx, &entry)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to retrieve camera metadata entry " << idx;
+                    outFile.close();
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&entry.tag), sizeof(entry.tag));
+                outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&entry.count), sizeof(entry.count));
+
+                int32_t type = get_camera_metadata_tag_type(entry.tag);
+                switch (type) {
+                    case TYPE_BYTE:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.u8),
+                                      sizeof(uint8_t) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_INT32:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.i32),
+                                      sizeof(int32_t) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.f),
+                                      sizeof(float) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_INT64:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.i64),
+                                      sizeof(int64_t) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.data.d),
+                                      sizeof(double) * entry.count);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_RATIONAL:
+                        [[fallthrough]];
+                    default:
+                        LOG(WARNING) << "Type " << type << " is not supported.";
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    outFile.close();
+    int64_t writeEnd = android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+    LOG(INFO) << __FUNCTION__ << " takes " << std::scientific
+              << (double)(writeEnd - writeStart) / 1000000.0 << " ms.";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager> ConfigManager::Create() {
+    std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager> cfgMgr(new ConfigManager());
+
+    /*
+     * Read a configuration from XML file
+     *
+     * If this is too slow, ConfigManager::readConfigDataFromBinary() and
+     * ConfigManager::writeConfigDataToBinary()can serialize CameraInfo object
+     * to the filesystem and construct CameraInfo instead; this was
+     * evaluated as 10x faster.
+     */
+    if (!cfgMgr->readConfigDataFromXML()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    } else {
+        return cfgMgr;
+    }
+}
+
+ConfigManager::CameraInfo::~CameraInfo() {
+    free_camera_metadata(characteristics);
+
+    for (auto&& [tag, val] : cameraMetadata) {
+        switch (tag) {
+            case ANDROID_LENS_DISTORTION:
+            case ANDROID_LENS_POSE_ROTATION:
+            case ANDROID_LENS_POSE_TRANSLATION:
+            case ANDROID_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION: {
+                delete[] reinterpret_cast<float*>(val.first);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES: {
+                delete[] reinterpret_cast<
+                        camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t*>(val.first);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_PHYSICAL_IDS: {
+                delete[] reinterpret_cast<char*>(val.first);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Tag " << std::hex << tag << " is not supported.  "
+                             << "Data may be corrupted?";
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/ConfigManagerUtil.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/ConfigManagerUtil.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5fe6ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/ConfigManagerUtil.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "ConfigManagerUtil.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/parsedouble.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <system/graphics-base-v1.0.h>
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::CameraParam;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+bool ConfigManagerUtil::convertToEvsCameraParam(const std::string& id, CameraParam& camParam) {
+    std::string trimmed = ConfigManagerUtil::trimString(id);
+    bool success = true;
+
+    if (!trimmed.compare("BRIGHTNESS")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::BRIGHTNESS;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("CONTRAST")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::CONTRAST;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("AUTOGAIN")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::AUTOGAIN;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("GAIN")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::GAIN;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("SHARPNESS")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::SHARPNESS;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("AUTO_EXPOSURE")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::AUTO_EXPOSURE;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("ABSOLUTE_EXPOSURE")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_EXPOSURE;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("ABSOLUTE_FOCUS")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_FOCUS;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("AUTO_FOCUS")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::AUTO_FOCUS;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("ABSOLUTE_ZOOM")) {
+        camParam = CameraParam::ABSOLUTE_ZOOM;
+    } else {
+        success = false;
+    }
+
+    return success;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManagerUtil::convertToPixelFormat(const std::string& in, PixelFormat& out) {
+    std::string trimmed = ConfigManagerUtil::trimString(in);
+    bool success = true;
+
+    if (!trimmed.compare("RGBA_8888")) {
+        out = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("YCRCB_420_SP")) {
+        out = PixelFormat::YCRCB_420_SP;
+    } else if (!trimmed.compare("YCBCR_422_I")) {
+        out = PixelFormat::YCBCR_422_I;
+    } else {
+        out = PixelFormat::UNSPECIFIED;
+        success = false;
+    }
+
+    return success;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManagerUtil::convertToMetadataTag(const char* name, camera_metadata_tag& aTag) {
+    if (!std::strcmp(name, "LENS_DISTORTION")) {
+        aTag = ANDROID_LENS_DISTORTION;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION")) {
+        aTag = ANDROID_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "LENS_POSE_ROTATION")) {
+        aTag = ANDROID_LENS_POSE_ROTATION;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "LENS_POSE_TRANSLATION")) {
+        aTag = ANDROID_LENS_POSE_TRANSLATION;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES")) {
+        aTag = ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_PHYSICAL_IDS")) {
+        aTag = ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_PHYSICAL_IDS;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ConfigManagerUtil::convertToCameraCapability(
+        const char* name, camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t& cap) {
+    if (!std::strcmp(name, "DEPTH_OUTPUT")) {
+        cap = ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_DEPTH_OUTPUT;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA")) {
+        cap = ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "MONOCHROME")) {
+        cap = ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_MONOCHROME;
+    } else if (!std::strcmp(name, "SECURE_IMAGE_DATA")) {
+        cap = ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_SECURE_IMAGE_DATA;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+float* ConfigManagerUtil::convertFloatArray(const char* sz, const char* vals, size_t& count,
+                                            const char delimiter) {
+    std::string size_string(sz);
+    std::string value_string(vals);
+
+    if (!android::base::ParseUint(size_string, &count)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse " << size_string;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    float* result = new float[count];
+    std::stringstream values(value_string);
+
+    int32_t idx = 0;
+    std::string token;
+    while (getline(values, token, delimiter)) {
+        if (!android::base::ParseFloat(token, &result[idx++])) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse " << token;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+std::string ConfigManagerUtil::trimString(const std::string& src, const std::string& ws) {
+    const auto s = src.find_first_not_of(ws);
+    if (s == std::string::npos) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    const auto e = src.find_last_not_of(ws);
+    const auto r = e - s + 1;
+
+    return src.substr(s, r);
+}
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/DefaultEvsEnumerator.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/DefaultEvsEnumerator.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a81d05..0000000
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/DefaultEvsEnumerator.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// TODO(b/203661081): Remove below lines to disable compiler warnings.
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
-
-#define LOG_TAG "DefaultEvsEnumerator"
-
-#include <DefaultEvsEnumerator.h>
-
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
-
-using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::isHardware(bool* flag) {
-    // This returns true always.
-    *flag = true;
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::openCamera(const std::string& cameraId,
-                                               const Stream& streamConfig,
-                                               std::shared_ptr<IEvsCamera>* obj) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::closeCamera(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsCamera>& obj) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::getCameraList(std::vector<CameraDesc>* list) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::getStreamList(const CameraDesc& desc,
-                                                  std::vector<Stream>* _aidl_return) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::openDisplay(int32_t displayId,
-                                                std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>* obj) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::closeDisplay(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>& state) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::getDisplayIdList(std::vector<uint8_t>* list) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::getDisplayState(DisplayState* state) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::registerStatusCallback(
-        const std::shared_ptr<IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback>& callback) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::openUltrasonicsArray(
-        const std::string& id, std::shared_ptr<IEvsUltrasonicsArray>* obj) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::closeUltrasonicsArray(
-        const std::shared_ptr<IEvsUltrasonicsArray>& obj) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ScopedAStatus DefaultEvsEnumerator::getUltrasonicsArrayList(
-        std::vector<UltrasonicsArrayDesc>* list) {
-    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
-
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsEnumerator.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsEnumerator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e2405d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsEnumerator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "EvsEnumerator.h"
+
+#include "ConfigManager.h"
+#include "EvsGlDisplay.h"
+#include "EvsMockCamera.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/EvsResult.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <cutils/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <set>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::ICarDisplayProxy;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+using std::chrono_literals::operator""s;
+
+// Constants
+constexpr std::chrono::seconds kEnumerationTimeout = 10s;
+constexpr uint64_t kInvalidDisplayId = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
+const std::set<uid_t> kAllowedUids = {AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS, AID_SYSTEM, AID_ROOT};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+// NOTE:  All members values are static so that all clients operate on the same state
+//        That is to say, this is effectively a singleton despite the fact that HIDL
+//        constructs a new instance for each client.
+std::unordered_map<std::string, EvsEnumerator::CameraRecord> EvsEnumerator::sCameraList;
+std::mutex EvsEnumerator::sLock;
+std::condition_variable EvsEnumerator::sCameraSignal;
+std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager> EvsEnumerator::sConfigManager;
+std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy> EvsEnumerator::sDisplayProxy;
+std::unordered_map<uint8_t, uint64_t> EvsEnumerator::sDisplayPortList;
+
+EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays& EvsEnumerator::mutableActiveDisplays() {
+    static ActiveDisplays active_displays;
+    return active_displays;
+}
+
+EvsEnumerator::EvsEnumerator(const std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy>& proxyService) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "EvsEnumerator is created.";
+
+    if (!sConfigManager) {
+        /* loads and initializes ConfigManager in a separate thread */
+        sConfigManager = ConfigManager::Create();
+    }
+
+    if (!sDisplayProxy) {
+        /* sets a car-window service handle */
+        sDisplayProxy = proxyService;
+    }
+
+    // Enumerate existing devices
+    enumerateCameras();
+    mInternalDisplayId = enumerateDisplays();
+}
+
+bool EvsEnumerator::checkPermission() {
+    const auto uid = AIBinder_getCallingUid();
+    if (kAllowedUids.find(uid) == kAllowedUids.end()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "EVS access denied: "
+                   << "pid = " << AIBinder_getCallingPid() << ", uid = " << uid;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void EvsEnumerator::enumerateCameras() {
+    if (!sConfigManager) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto id : sConfigManager->getCameraIdList()) {
+        CameraRecord rec(id.data());
+        std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo>& pInfo = sConfigManager->getCameraInfo(id);
+        if (pInfo) {
+            uint8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(pInfo->characteristics);
+            const size_t len = get_camera_metadata_size(pInfo->characteristics);
+            rec.desc.metadata.insert(rec.desc.metadata.end(), ptr, ptr + len);
+        }
+        sCameraList.insert_or_assign(id, std::move(rec));
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t EvsEnumerator::enumerateDisplays() {
+    LOG(INFO) << __FUNCTION__ << ": Starting display enumeration";
+    uint64_t internalDisplayId = kInvalidDisplayId;
+    if (!sDisplayProxy) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "ICarDisplayProxy is not available!";
+        return internalDisplayId;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> displayIds;
+    if (auto status = sDisplayProxy->getDisplayIdList(&displayIds); !status.isOk()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to retrieve a display id list"
+                   << ::android::statusToString(status.getStatus());
+        return internalDisplayId;
+    }
+
+    if (displayIds.size() > 0) {
+        // The first entry of the list is the internal display.  See
+        // SurfaceFlinger::getPhysicalDisplayIds() implementation.
+        internalDisplayId = displayIds[0];
+        for (const auto& id : displayIds) {
+            const auto port = id & 0xFF;
+            LOG(INFO) << "Display " << std::hex << id << " is detected on the port, " << port;
+            sDisplayPortList.insert_or_assign(port, id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Found " << sDisplayPortList.size() << " displays";
+    return internalDisplayId;
+}
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsEnumerator follow.
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::getCameraList(std::vector<CameraDesc>* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    if (!checkPermission()) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::PERMISSION_DENIED));
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(sLock);
+        if (sCameraList.size() < 1) {
+            // No qualified device has been found.  Wait until new device is ready,
+            // for 10 seconds.
+            if (!sCameraSignal.wait_for(lock, kEnumerationTimeout,
+                                        [] { return sCameraList.size() > 0; })) {
+                LOG(DEBUG) << "Timer expired.  No new device has been added.";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Build up a packed array of CameraDesc for return
+    _aidl_return->resize(sCameraList.size());
+    unsigned i = 0;
+    for (const auto& [key, cam] : sCameraList) {
+        (*_aidl_return)[i++] = cam.desc;
+    }
+
+    if (sConfigManager) {
+        // Adding camera groups that represent logical camera devices
+        auto camGroups = sConfigManager->getCameraGroupIdList();
+        for (auto&& id : camGroups) {
+            if (sCameraList.find(id) != sCameraList.end()) {
+                // Already exists in the _aidl_return
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraGroupInfo>& tempInfo =
+                    sConfigManager->getCameraGroupInfo(id);
+            CameraRecord cam(id.data());
+            if (tempInfo) {
+                uint8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(tempInfo->characteristics);
+                const size_t len = get_camera_metadata_size(tempInfo->characteristics);
+                cam.desc.metadata.insert(cam.desc.metadata.end(), ptr, ptr + len);
+            }
+
+            sCameraList.insert_or_assign(id, cam);
+            _aidl_return->push_back(cam.desc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Send back the results
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Reporting " << sCameraList.size() << " cameras available";
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::getStreamList(const CameraDesc& desc,
+                                           std::vector<Stream>* _aidl_return) {
+    using AidlPixelFormat = ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+    camera_metadata_t* pMetadata = const_cast<camera_metadata_t*>(
+            reinterpret_cast<const camera_metadata_t*>(desc.metadata.data()));
+    camera_metadata_entry_t streamConfig;
+    if (!find_camera_metadata_entry(pMetadata, ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+                                    &streamConfig)) {
+        const unsigned numStreamConfigs = streamConfig.count / sizeof(StreamConfiguration);
+        _aidl_return->resize(numStreamConfigs);
+        const StreamConfiguration* pCurrentConfig =
+                reinterpret_cast<StreamConfiguration*>(streamConfig.data.i32);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < numStreamConfigs; ++i, ++pCurrentConfig) {
+            // Build ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::Stream from
+            // StreamConfiguration.
+            Stream current = {
+                    .id = pCurrentConfig->id,
+                    .streamType =
+                            pCurrentConfig->type ==
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_INPUT
+                                    ? StreamType::INPUT
+                                    : StreamType::OUTPUT,
+                    .width = pCurrentConfig->width,
+                    .height = pCurrentConfig->height,
+                    .format = static_cast<AidlPixelFormat>(pCurrentConfig->format),
+                    .usage = BufferUsage::CAMERA_INPUT,
+                    .rotation = Rotation::ROTATION_0,
+            };
+
+            (*_aidl_return)[i] = current;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::openCamera(const std::string& id, const Stream& cfg,
+                                        std::shared_ptr<IEvsCamera>* obj) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    if (!checkPermission()) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::PERMISSION_DENIED));
+    }
+
+    // Is this a recognized camera id?
+    CameraRecord* pRecord = findCameraById(id);
+    if (!pRecord) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << id << " does not exist!";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+
+    // Has this camera already been instantiated by another caller?
+    std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> pActiveCamera = pRecord->activeInstance.lock();
+    if (pActiveCamera) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Killing previous camera because of new caller";
+        closeCamera(pActiveCamera);
+    }
+
+    // Construct a camera instance for the caller
+    if (!sConfigManager) {
+        pActiveCamera = EvsMockCamera::Create(id.data());
+    } else {
+        pActiveCamera = EvsMockCamera::Create(id.data(), sConfigManager->getCameraInfo(id), &cfg);
+    }
+
+    pRecord->activeInstance = pActiveCamera;
+    if (!pActiveCamera) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create new EvsMockCamera object for " << id;
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::UNDERLYING_SERVICE_ERROR));
+    }
+
+    *obj = pActiveCamera;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::closeCamera(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsCamera>& cameraObj) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    if (!cameraObj) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ignoring call to closeCamera with null camera ptr";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+
+    // Get the camera id so we can find it in our list
+    CameraDesc desc;
+    auto status = cameraObj->getCameraInfo(&desc);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read a camera descriptor";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::UNDERLYING_SERVICE_ERROR));
+    }
+    auto cameraId = desc.id;
+    closeCamera_impl(cameraObj, cameraId);
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::openDisplay(int32_t id, std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>* displayObj) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    if (!checkPermission()) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::PERMISSION_DENIED));
+    }
+
+    auto& displays = mutableActiveDisplays();
+
+    if (auto existing_display_search = displays.popDisplay(id)) {
+        // If we already have a display active, then we need to shut it down so we can
+        // give exclusive access to the new caller.
+        std::shared_ptr<EvsGlDisplay> pActiveDisplay = existing_display_search->displayWeak.lock();
+        if (pActiveDisplay) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Killing previous display because of new caller";
+            pActiveDisplay->forceShutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create a new display interface and return it
+    uint64_t targetDisplayId = mInternalDisplayId;
+    auto it = sDisplayPortList.find(id);
+    if (it != sDisplayPortList.end()) {
+        targetDisplayId = it->second;
+    } else {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "No display is available on the port " << static_cast<int32_t>(id)
+                     << ". The main display " << mInternalDisplayId << " will be used instead";
+    }
+
+    // Create a new display interface and return it.
+    std::shared_ptr<EvsGlDisplay> pActiveDisplay =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<EvsGlDisplay>(sDisplayProxy, targetDisplayId);
+
+    if (auto insert_result = displays.tryInsert(id, pActiveDisplay); !insert_result) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Display ID " << id << " has been used by another caller.";
+        pActiveDisplay->forceShutdown();
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::RESOURCE_BUSY));
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Returning new EvsGlDisplay object " << pActiveDisplay.get();
+    *displayObj = pActiveDisplay;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::closeDisplay(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>& obj) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    auto& displays = mutableActiveDisplays();
+    const auto display_search = displays.popDisplay(obj);
+
+    if (!display_search) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring close of previously orphaned display - why did a client steal?";
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    auto pActiveDisplay = display_search->displayWeak.lock();
+
+    if (!pActiveDisplay) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Somehow a display is being destroyed "
+                   << "when the enumerator didn't know one existed";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    pActiveDisplay->forceShutdown();
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::getDisplayState(DisplayState* state) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    if (!checkPermission()) {
+        *state = DisplayState::DEAD;
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::PERMISSION_DENIED));
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/262779341): For now we can just return the state of the 1st display. Need to update
+    // the API later.
+
+    const auto& all_displays = mutableActiveDisplays().getAllDisplays();
+
+    // Do we still have a display object we think should be active?
+    if (all_displays.empty()) {
+        *state = DisplayState::NOT_OPEN;
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay> pActiveDisplay = all_displays.begin()->second.displayWeak.lock();
+    if (pActiveDisplay) {
+        return pActiveDisplay->getDisplayState(state);
+    } else {
+        *state = DisplayState::NOT_OPEN;
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::getDisplayIdList(std::vector<uint8_t>* list) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t>& output = *list;
+    if (sDisplayPortList.size() > 0) {
+        output.resize(sDisplayPortList.size());
+        unsigned i = 0;
+        output[i++] = mInternalDisplayId & 0xFF;
+        for (const auto& [port, id] : sDisplayPortList) {
+            if (mInternalDisplayId != id) {
+                output[i++] = port;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::isHardware(bool* flag) {
+    *flag = true;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+void EvsEnumerator::notifyDeviceStatusChange(const std::string_view& deviceName,
+                                             DeviceStatusType type) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(sLock);
+    if (!mCallback) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<DeviceStatus> status{{.id = std::string(deviceName), .status = type}};
+    if (!mCallback->deviceStatusChanged(status).isOk()) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to notify a device status change, name = " << deviceName
+                     << ", type = " << static_cast<int>(type);
+    }
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::registerStatusCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback>& callback) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(sLock);
+    if (mCallback) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Replacing an existing device status callback";
+    }
+    mCallback = callback;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+void EvsEnumerator::closeCamera_impl(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsCamera>& pCamera,
+                                     const std::string& cameraId) {
+    // Find the named camera
+    CameraRecord* pRecord = findCameraById(cameraId);
+
+    // Is the display being destroyed actually the one we think is active?
+    if (!pRecord) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Asked to close a camera whose name isn't recognized";
+    } else {
+        std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> pActiveCamera = pRecord->activeInstance.lock();
+        if (!pActiveCamera) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Somehow a camera is being destroyed "
+                         << "when the enumerator didn't know one existed";
+        } else if (pActiveCamera != pCamera) {
+            // This can happen if the camera was aggressively reopened,
+            // orphaning this previous instance
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring close of previously orphaned camera "
+                         << "- why did a client steal?";
+        } else {
+            // Shutdown the active camera
+            pActiveCamera->shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+EvsEnumerator::CameraRecord* EvsEnumerator::findCameraById(const std::string& cameraId) {
+    // Find the named camera
+    auto found = sCameraList.find(cameraId);
+    if (found != sCameraList.end()) {
+        // Found a match!
+        return &found->second;
+    }
+
+    // We didn't find a match
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::optional<EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::DisplayInfo> EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::popDisplay(
+        int32_t id) {
+    std::lock_guard lck(mMutex);
+    const auto search = mIdToDisplay.find(id);
+    if (search == mIdToDisplay.end()) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const auto display_info = search->second;
+    mIdToDisplay.erase(search);
+    mDisplayToId.erase(display_info.internalDisplayRawAddr);
+    return display_info;
+}
+
+std::optional<EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::DisplayInfo> EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::popDisplay(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>& display) {
+    const auto display_ptr_val = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(display.get());
+    std::lock_guard lck(mMutex);
+    const auto display_to_id_search = mDisplayToId.find(display_ptr_val);
+    if (display_to_id_search == mDisplayToId.end()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown display.";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const auto id = display_to_id_search->second;
+    const auto id_to_display_search = mIdToDisplay.find(id);
+    mDisplayToId.erase(display_to_id_search);
+    if (id_to_display_search == mIdToDisplay.end()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "No correspsonding ID for the display, probably orphaned.";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const auto display_info = id_to_display_search->second;
+    mIdToDisplay.erase(id);
+    return display_info;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<int32_t, EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::DisplayInfo>
+EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::getAllDisplays() {
+    std::lock_guard lck(mMutex);
+    auto id_to_display_map_copy = mIdToDisplay;
+    return id_to_display_map_copy;
+}
+
+bool EvsEnumerator::ActiveDisplays::tryInsert(int32_t id,
+                                              const std::shared_ptr<EvsGlDisplay>& display) {
+    std::lock_guard lck(mMutex);
+    const auto display_ptr_val = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(display.get());
+
+    auto id_to_display_insert_result =
+            mIdToDisplay.emplace(id, DisplayInfo{
+                                             .id = id,
+                                             .displayWeak = display,
+                                             .internalDisplayRawAddr = display_ptr_val,
+                                     });
+    if (!id_to_display_insert_result.second) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto display_to_id_insert_result = mDisplayToId.emplace(display_ptr_val, id);
+    if (!display_to_id_insert_result.second) {
+        mIdToDisplay.erase(id);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::getUltrasonicsArrayList(
+        [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<UltrasonicsArrayDesc>* list) {
+    // TODO(b/149874793): Add implementation for EVS Manager and Sample driver
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::openUltrasonicsArray(
+        [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& id,
+        [[maybe_unused]] std::shared_ptr<IEvsUltrasonicsArray>* obj) {
+    // TODO(b/149874793): Add implementation for EVS Manager and Sample driver
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsEnumerator::closeUltrasonicsArray(
+        [[maybe_unused]] const std::shared_ptr<IEvsUltrasonicsArray>& obj) {
+    // TODO(b/149874793): Add implementation for EVS Manager and Sample driver
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsGlDisplay.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsGlDisplay.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5f8e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsGlDisplay.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "EvsGlDisplay.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/automotive/evs/EvsResult.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayMode.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayState.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::ICarDisplayProxy;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::android::base::ScopedLockAssertion;
+using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+constexpr auto kTimeout = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+
+bool debugFirstFrameDisplayed = false;
+
+int generateFingerPrint(buffer_handle_t handle) {
+    return static_cast<int>(reinterpret_cast<long>(handle) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+EvsGlDisplay::EvsGlDisplay(const std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy>& pDisplayProxy,
+                           uint64_t displayId)
+    : mDisplayId(displayId), mDisplayProxy(pDisplayProxy) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "EvsGlDisplay instantiated";
+
+    // Set up our self description
+    // NOTE:  These are arbitrary values chosen for testing
+    mInfo.id = std::to_string(displayId);
+    mInfo.vendorFlags = 3870;
+
+    // Start a thread to render images on this display
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        mState = RUN;
+    }
+    mRenderThread = std::thread([this]() { renderFrames(); });
+}
+
+EvsGlDisplay::~EvsGlDisplay() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "EvsGlDisplay being destroyed";
+    forceShutdown();
+}
+
+/**
+ * This gets called if another caller "steals" ownership of the display
+ */
+void EvsGlDisplay::forceShutdown() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "EvsGlDisplay forceShutdown";
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+        // If the buffer isn't being held by a remote client, release it now as an
+        // optimization to release the resources more quickly than the destructor might
+        // get called.
+        if (mBuffer.handle != nullptr) {
+            // Report if we're going away while a buffer is outstanding
+            if (mBufferBusy || mState == RUN) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "EvsGlDisplay going down while client is holding a buffer";
+            }
+            mState = STOPPING;
+        }
+
+        // Put this object into an unrecoverable error state since somebody else
+        // is going to own the display now.
+        mRequestedState = DisplayState::DEAD;
+    }
+    mBufferReadyToRender.notify_all();
+
+    if (mRenderThread.joinable()) {
+        mRenderThread.join();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize GL in the context of a caller's thread and prepare a graphic
+ * buffer to use.
+ */
+bool EvsGlDisplay::initializeGlContextLocked() {
+    // Initialize our display window
+    // NOTE:  This will cause the display to become "VISIBLE" before a frame is actually
+    // returned, which is contrary to the spec and will likely result in a black frame being
+    // (briefly) shown.
+    if (!mGlWrapper.initialize(mDisplayProxy, mDisplayId)) {
+        // Report the failure
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to initialize GL display";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Assemble the buffer description we'll use for our render target
+    static_assert(::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888 ==
+                  static_cast<::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat>(
+                          HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888));
+    mBuffer.description = {
+            .width = static_cast<int>(mGlWrapper.getWidth()),
+            .height = static_cast<int>(mGlWrapper.getHeight()),
+            .layers = 1,
+            .format = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
+            // FIXME: Below line is not using
+            // ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage because
+            // BufferUsage enum does not support a bitwise-OR operation; they
+            // should be BufferUsage::GPU_RENDER_TARGET |
+            // BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY
+            .usage = static_cast<BufferUsage>(GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER),
+    };
+
+    ::android::GraphicBufferAllocator& alloc(::android::GraphicBufferAllocator::get());
+    uint32_t stride = static_cast<uint32_t>(mBuffer.description.stride);
+    buffer_handle_t handle = nullptr;
+    const ::android::status_t result =
+            alloc.allocate(mBuffer.description.width, mBuffer.description.height,
+                           static_cast<::android::PixelFormat>(mBuffer.description.format),
+                           mBuffer.description.layers,
+                           static_cast<uint64_t>(mBuffer.description.usage), &handle, &stride,
+                           /* requestorName= */ "EvsGlDisplay");
+    mBuffer.description.stride = stride;
+    mBuffer.fingerprint = generateFingerPrint(mBuffer.handle);
+    if (result != ::android::NO_ERROR) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error " << result << " allocating " << mBuffer.description.width << " x "
+                   << mBuffer.description.height << " graphics buffer.";
+        mGlWrapper.shutdown();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mBuffer.handle = handle;
+    if (mBuffer.handle == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "We didn't get a buffer handle back from the allocator";
+        mGlWrapper.shutdown();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Allocated new buffer " << mBuffer.handle << " with stride "
+               << mBuffer.description.stride;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This method runs in a separate thread and renders the contents of the buffer.
+ */
+void EvsGlDisplay::renderFrames() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+        if (!initializeGlContextLocked()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to initialize GL context";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Display buffer is ready.
+        mBufferBusy = false;
+    }
+    mBufferReadyToUse.notify_all();
+
+    while (true) {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+            ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mLock);
+            mBufferReadyToRender.wait(
+                    lock, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return mBufferReady || mState != RUN; });
+            if (mState != RUN) {
+                LOG(DEBUG) << "A rendering thread is stopping";
+                break;
+            }
+            mBufferReady = false;
+        }
+
+        // Update the texture contents with the provided data
+        if (!mGlWrapper.updateImageTexture(mBuffer.handle, mBuffer.description)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to update the image texture";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Put the image on the screen
+        mGlWrapper.renderImageToScreen();
+        if (!debugFirstFrameDisplayed) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "EvsFirstFrameDisplayTiming start time: " << ::android::elapsedRealtime()
+                       << " ms.";
+            debugFirstFrameDisplayed = true;
+        }
+
+        // Mark current frame is consumed.
+        {
+            std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+            mBufferBusy = false;
+        }
+        mBufferDone.notify_all();
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "A rendering thread is stopped.";
+
+    // Drop the graphics buffer we've been using
+    ::android::GraphicBufferAllocator& alloc(::android::GraphicBufferAllocator::get());
+    alloc.free(mBuffer.handle);
+    mBuffer.handle = nullptr;
+
+    mGlWrapper.hideWindow(mDisplayProxy, mDisplayId);
+    mGlWrapper.shutdown();
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    mState = STOPPED;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns basic information about the EVS display provided by the system.
+ * See the description of the DisplayDesc structure for details.
+ */
+ScopedAStatus EvsGlDisplay::getDisplayInfo(DisplayDesc* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!mDisplayProxy) {
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::UNDERLYING_SERVICE_ERROR));
+    }
+
+    ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::DisplayDesc proxyDisplay;
+    auto status = mDisplayProxy->getDisplayInfo(mDisplayId, &proxyDisplay);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::UNDERLYING_SERVICE_ERROR));
+    }
+
+    _aidl_return->width = proxyDisplay.width;
+    _aidl_return->height = proxyDisplay.height;
+    _aidl_return->orientation = static_cast<Rotation>(proxyDisplay.orientation);
+    _aidl_return->id = mInfo.id;  // FIXME: what should be ID here?
+    _aidl_return->vendorFlags = mInfo.vendorFlags;
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clients may set the display state to express their desired state.
+ * The HAL implementation must gracefully accept a request for any state
+ * while in any other state, although the response may be to ignore the request.
+ * The display is defined to start in the NOT_VISIBLE state upon initialization.
+ * The client is then expected to request the VISIBLE_ON_NEXT_FRAME state, and
+ * then begin providing video.  When the display is no longer required, the client
+ * is expected to request the NOT_VISIBLE state after passing the last video frame.
+ */
+ScopedAStatus EvsGlDisplay::setDisplayState(DisplayState state) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+    if (mRequestedState == DisplayState::DEAD) {
+        // This object no longer owns the display -- it's been superceeded!
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we recognize the requested state so we don't go off the rails
+    static constexpr ::ndk::enum_range<DisplayState> kDisplayStateRange;
+    if (std::find(kDisplayStateRange.begin(), kDisplayStateRange.end(), state) ==
+        kDisplayStateRange.end()) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+
+    switch (state) {
+        case DisplayState::NOT_VISIBLE:
+            mGlWrapper.hideWindow(mDisplayProxy, mDisplayId);
+            break;
+        case DisplayState::VISIBLE:
+            mGlWrapper.showWindow(mDisplayProxy, mDisplayId);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // Record the requested state
+    mRequestedState = state;
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/**
+ * The HAL implementation should report the actual current state, which might
+ * transiently differ from the most recently requested state.  Note, however, that
+ * the logic responsible for changing display states should generally live above
+ * the device layer, making it undesirable for the HAL implementation to
+ * spontaneously change display states.
+ */
+ScopedAStatus EvsGlDisplay::getDisplayState(DisplayState* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    *_aidl_return = mRequestedState;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/**
+ * This call returns a handle to a frame buffer associated with the display.
+ * This buffer may be locked and written to by software and/or GL.  This buffer
+ * must be returned via a call to returnTargetBufferForDisplay() even if the
+ * display is no longer visible.
+ */
+ScopedAStatus EvsGlDisplay::getTargetBuffer(BufferDesc* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+    ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mLock);
+    if (mRequestedState == DisplayState::DEAD) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Rejecting buffer request from object that lost ownership of the display.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    // If we don't already have a buffer, allocate one now
+    // mBuffer.memHandle is a type of buffer_handle_t, which is equal to
+    // native_handle_t*.
+    mBufferReadyToUse.wait(lock, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return !mBufferBusy; });
+
+    // Do we have a frame available?
+    if (mBufferBusy) {
+        // This means either we have a 2nd client trying to compete for buffers
+        // (an unsupported mode of operation) or else the client hasn't returned
+        // a previously issued buffer yet (they're behaving badly).
+        // NOTE:  We have to make the callback even if we have nothing to provide
+        LOG(ERROR) << "getTargetBuffer called while no buffers available.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::BUFFER_NOT_AVAILABLE));
+    }
+
+    // Mark our buffer as busy
+    mBufferBusy = true;
+
+    // Send the buffer to the client
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Providing display buffer handle " << mBuffer.handle;
+
+    BufferDesc bufferDescToSend = {
+            .buffer =
+                    {
+                            .handle = std::move(::android::dupToAidl(mBuffer.handle)),
+                            .description = mBuffer.description,
+                    },
+            .pixelSizeBytes = 4,  // RGBA_8888 is 4-byte-per-pixel format
+            .bufferId = mBuffer.fingerprint,
+    };
+    *_aidl_return = std::move(bufferDescToSend);
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/**
+ * This call tells the display that the buffer is ready for display.
+ * The buffer is no longer valid for use by the client after this call.
+ */
+ScopedAStatus EvsGlDisplay::returnTargetBufferForDisplay(const BufferDesc& buffer) {
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << __FUNCTION__;
+    std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+    ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mLock);
+
+    // Nobody should call us with a null handle
+    if (buffer.buffer.handle.fds.size() < 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " called without a valid buffer handle.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+    if (buffer.bufferId != mBuffer.fingerprint) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Got an unrecognized frame returned.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+    if (!mBufferBusy) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "A frame was returned with no outstanding frames.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+
+    // If we've been displaced by another owner of the display, then we can't do anything else
+    if (mRequestedState == DisplayState::DEAD) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    // If we were waiting for a new frame, this is it!
+    if (mRequestedState == DisplayState::VISIBLE_ON_NEXT_FRAME) {
+        mRequestedState = DisplayState::VISIBLE;
+        mGlWrapper.showWindow(mDisplayProxy, mDisplayId);
+    }
+
+    // Validate we're in an expected state
+    if (mRequestedState != DisplayState::VISIBLE) {
+        // Not sure why a client would send frames back when we're not visible.
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Got a frame returned while not visible - ignoring.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    mBufferReady = true;
+    mBufferReadyToRender.notify_all();
+
+    if (!mBufferDone.wait_for(lock, kTimeout, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return !mBufferBusy; })) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::UNDERLYING_SERVICE_ERROR));
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsMockCamera.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsMockCamera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b46a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/EvsMockCamera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,642 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "EvsMockCamera.h"
+#include "ConfigManager.h"
+#include "EvsEnumerator.h"
+
+#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+// Arbitrary limit on number of graphics buffers allowed to be allocated
+// Safeguards against unreasonable resource consumption and provides a testable limit
+constexpr unsigned kMaxBuffersInFlight = 100;
+
+// Minimum number of buffers to run a video stream
+constexpr int kMinimumBuffersInFlight = 1;
+
+// Colors for the colorbar test pattern in ABGR format
+constexpr uint32_t kColors[] = {
+        0xFFFFFFFF,  // white
+        0xFF00FFFF,  // yellow
+        0xFFFFFF00,  // cyan
+        0xFF00FF00,  // green
+        0xFFFF00FF,  // fuchsia
+        0xFF0000FF,  // red
+        0xFFFF0000,  // blue
+        0xFF000000,  // black
+};
+constexpr size_t kNumColors = sizeof(kColors) / sizeof(kColors[0]);
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+EvsMockCamera::EvsMockCamera([[maybe_unused]] Sigil sigil, const char* id,
+                             std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo>& camInfo)
+    : mFramesAllowed(0), mFramesInUse(0), mStreamState(STOPPED), mCameraInfo(camInfo) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    /* set a camera id */
+    mDescription.id = id;
+
+    /* set camera metadata */
+    if (camInfo) {
+        uint8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(camInfo->characteristics);
+        const size_t len = get_camera_metadata_size(camInfo->characteristics);
+        mDescription.metadata.insert(mDescription.metadata.end(), ptr, ptr + len);
+    }
+}
+
+EvsMockCamera::~EvsMockCamera() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    shutdown();
+}
+
+// This gets called if another caller "steals" ownership of the camera
+void EvsMockCamera::shutdown() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    // Make sure our output stream is cleaned up
+    // (It really should be already)
+    stopVideoStream_impl();
+
+    // Claim the lock while we work on internal state
+    std::lock_guard lock(mAccessLock);
+
+    // Drop all the graphics buffers we've been using
+    if (mBuffers.size() > 0) {
+        ::android::GraphicBufferAllocator& alloc(::android::GraphicBufferAllocator::get());
+        for (auto&& rec : mBuffers) {
+            if (rec.inUse) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "WARNING: releasing a buffer remotely owned.";
+            }
+            alloc.free(rec.handle);
+            rec.handle = nullptr;
+        }
+        mBuffers.clear();
+    }
+
+    // Put this object into an unrecoverable error state since somebody else
+    // is going to own the underlying camera now
+    mStreamState = DEAD;
+}
+
+// Methods from ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsCamera follow.
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::getCameraInfo(CameraDesc* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    // Send back our self description
+    *_aidl_return = mDescription;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::setMaxFramesInFlight(int32_t bufferCount) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__ << ", bufferCount = " << bufferCount;
+    ;
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(mAccessLock);
+
+    // If we've been displaced by another owner of the camera, then we can't do anything else
+    if (mStreamState == DEAD) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ignoring setMaxFramesInFlight call when camera has been lost.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    // We cannot function without at least one video buffer to send data
+    if (bufferCount < 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ignoring setMaxFramesInFlight with less than one buffer requested.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+
+    // Update our internal state
+    if (!setAvailableFrames_Locked(bufferCount)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to adjust the maximum number of frames in flight.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::BUFFER_NOT_AVAILABLE));
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::startVideoStream(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsCameraStream>& cb) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    if (!cb) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "A given stream callback is invalid.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(mAccessLock);
+
+    // If we've been displaced by another owner of the camera, then we can't do anything else
+    if (mStreamState == DEAD) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ignoring startVideoStream call when camera has been lost.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::OWNERSHIP_LOST));
+    }
+
+    if (mStreamState != STOPPED) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ignoring startVideoStream call when a stream is already running.";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::STREAM_ALREADY_RUNNING));
+    }
+
+    // If the client never indicated otherwise, configure ourselves for a single streaming buffer
+    if (mFramesAllowed < kMinimumBuffersInFlight &&
+        !setAvailableFrames_Locked(kMinimumBuffersInFlight)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to start stream because we couldn't get a graphics buffer";
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int>(EvsResult::BUFFER_NOT_AVAILABLE));
+    }
+
+    // Record the user's callback for use when we have a frame ready
+    mStream = cb;
+
+    // Start the frame generation thread
+    mStreamState = RUNNING;
+    mCaptureThread = std::thread([this]() { generateFrames(); });
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::doneWithFrame(const std::vector<BufferDesc>& list) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mAccessLock);
+    for (const auto& desc : list) {
+        returnBufferLocked(desc.bufferId);
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::stopVideoStream() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+    return stopVideoStream_impl();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::stopVideoStream_impl() {
+    std::unique_lock lock(mAccessLock);
+
+    if (mStreamState != RUNNING) {
+        // Safely return here because a stream is not running.
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    // Tell the GenerateFrames loop we want it to stop
+    mStreamState = STOPPING;
+
+    // Block outside the mutex until the "stop" flag has been acknowledged
+    // We won't send any more frames, but the client might still get some already in flight
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Waiting for stream thread to end...";
+    lock.unlock();
+    if (mCaptureThread.joinable()) {
+        mCaptureThread.join();
+    }
+    lock.lock();
+
+    mStreamState = STOPPED;
+    mStream = nullptr;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Stream marked STOPPED.";
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::getExtendedInfo(int32_t opaqueIdentifier,
+                                             std::vector<uint8_t>* opaqueValue) {
+    const auto it = mExtInfo.find(opaqueIdentifier);
+    if (it == mExtInfo.end()) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::INVALID_ARG));
+    } else {
+        *opaqueValue = mExtInfo[opaqueIdentifier];
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::setExtendedInfo(int32_t opaqueIdentifier,
+                                             const std::vector<uint8_t>& opaqueValue) {
+    mExtInfo.insert_or_assign(opaqueIdentifier, opaqueValue);
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::getPhysicalCameraInfo([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& id,
+                                                   CameraDesc* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    // This method works exactly same as getCameraInfo() in EVS HW module.
+    *_aidl_return = mDescription;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::pauseVideoStream() {
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::resumeVideoStream() {
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::setPrimaryClient() {
+    /* Because EVS HW module reference implementation expects a single client at
+     * a time, this returns a success code always.
+     */
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::forcePrimaryClient(const std::shared_ptr<IEvsDisplay>&) {
+    /* Because EVS HW module reference implementation expects a single client at
+     * a time, this returns a success code always.
+     */
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::unsetPrimaryClient() {
+    /* Because EVS HW module reference implementation expects a single client at
+     * a time, there is no chance that this is called by the secondary client and
+     * therefore returns a success code always.
+     */
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::getParameterList(std::vector<CameraParam>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (mCameraInfo) {
+        _aidl_return->resize(mCameraInfo->controls.size());
+        auto idx = 0;
+        for (auto& [name, range] : mCameraInfo->controls) {
+            (*_aidl_return)[idx++] = name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::getIntParameterRange([[maybe_unused]] CameraParam id,
+                                                  [[maybe_unused]] ParameterRange* _aidl_return) {
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::setIntParameter(
+        [[maybe_unused]] CameraParam id, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t value,
+        [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>* effectiveValue) {
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::getIntParameter([[maybe_unused]] CameraParam id,
+                                             [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>* value) {
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus EvsMockCamera::importExternalBuffers(
+        [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<BufferDesc>& buffers,
+        [[maybe_unused]] int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "This implementation does not support an external buffer import.";
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int>(EvsResult::NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+bool EvsMockCamera::setAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned bufferCount) {
+    if (bufferCount < 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ignoring request to set buffer count to zero";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (bufferCount > kMaxBuffersInFlight) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Rejecting buffer request in excess of internal limit";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Is an increase required?
+    if (mFramesAllowed < bufferCount) {
+        // An increase is required
+        auto needed = bufferCount - mFramesAllowed;
+        LOG(INFO) << "Allocating " << needed << " buffers for camera frames";
+
+        auto added = increaseAvailableFrames_Locked(needed);
+        if (added != needed) {
+            // If we didn't add all the frames we needed, then roll back to the previous state
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Rolling back to previous frame queue size";
+            decreaseAvailableFrames_Locked(added);
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if (mFramesAllowed > bufferCount) {
+        // A decrease is required
+        auto framesToRelease = mFramesAllowed - bufferCount;
+        LOG(INFO) << "Returning " << framesToRelease << " camera frame buffers";
+
+        auto released = decreaseAvailableFrames_Locked(framesToRelease);
+        if (released != framesToRelease) {
+            // This shouldn't happen with a properly behaving client because the client
+            // should only make this call after returning sufficient outstanding buffers
+            // to allow a clean resize.
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Buffer queue shrink failed -- too many buffers currently in use?";
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+unsigned EvsMockCamera::increaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToAdd) {
+    // Acquire the graphics buffer allocator
+    ::android::GraphicBufferAllocator& alloc(::android::GraphicBufferAllocator::get());
+
+    unsigned added = 0;
+    while (added < numToAdd) {
+        unsigned pixelsPerLine = 0;
+        buffer_handle_t memHandle = nullptr;
+        auto result = alloc.allocate(mWidth, mHeight, mFormat, 1, mUsage, &memHandle,
+                                     &pixelsPerLine, 0, "EvsMockCamera");
+        if (result != ::android::NO_ERROR) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Error " << result << " allocating " << mWidth << " x " << mHeight
+                       << " graphics buffer";
+            break;
+        }
+        if (memHandle == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "We didn't get a buffer handle back from the allocator";
+            break;
+        }
+        if (mStride > 0) {
+            if (mStride != pixelsPerLine) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "We did not expect to get buffers with different strides!";
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Gralloc defines stride in terms of pixels per line
+            mStride = pixelsPerLine;
+        }
+
+        // Find a place to store the new buffer
+        auto stored = false;
+        for (auto&& rec : mBuffers) {
+            if (rec.handle == nullptr) {
+                // Use this existing entry
+                rec.handle = memHandle;
+                rec.inUse = false;
+                stored = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!stored) {
+            // Add a BufferRecord wrapping this handle to our set of available buffers
+            mBuffers.push_back(BufferRecord(memHandle));
+        }
+
+        ++mFramesAllowed;
+        ++added;
+    }
+
+    return added;
+}
+
+unsigned EvsMockCamera::decreaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToRemove) {
+    // Acquire the graphics buffer allocator
+    ::android::GraphicBufferAllocator& alloc(::android::GraphicBufferAllocator::get());
+
+    unsigned removed = 0;
+    for (auto&& rec : mBuffers) {
+        // Is this record not in use, but holding a buffer that we can free?
+        if ((rec.inUse == false) && (rec.handle != nullptr)) {
+            // Release buffer and update the record so we can recognize it as "empty"
+            alloc.free(rec.handle);
+            rec.handle = nullptr;
+
+            --mFramesAllowed;
+            ++removed;
+
+            if (removed == numToRemove) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return removed;
+}
+
+// This is the asynchronous frame generation thread that runs in parallel with the
+// main serving thread.  There is one for each active camera instance.
+void EvsMockCamera::generateFrames() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Frame generation loop started.";
+
+    unsigned idx = 0;
+    while (true) {
+        bool timeForFrame = false;
+        const nsecs_t startTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+        // Lock scope for updating shared state
+        {
+            std::lock_guard lock(mAccessLock);
+
+            if (mStreamState != RUNNING) {
+                // Break out of our main thread loop
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Are we allowed to issue another buffer?
+            if (mFramesInUse >= mFramesAllowed) {
+                // Can't do anything right now -- skip this frame
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Skipped a frame because too many are in flight.";
+            } else {
+                // Identify an available buffer to fill
+                for (idx = 0; idx < mBuffers.size(); idx++) {
+                    if (!mBuffers[idx].inUse) {
+                        if (mBuffers[idx].handle != nullptr) {
+                            // Found an available record, so stop looking
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (idx >= mBuffers.size()) {
+                    // This shouldn't happen since we already checked mFramesInUse vs mFramesAllowed
+                    ALOGE("Failed to find an available buffer slot\n");
+                } else {
+                    // We're going to make the frame busy
+                    mBuffers[idx].inUse = true;
+                    mFramesInUse++;
+                    timeForFrame = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (timeForFrame) {
+            using AidlPixelFormat = ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+            // Assemble the buffer description we'll transmit below
+            buffer_handle_t memHandle = mBuffers[idx].handle;
+            BufferDesc newBuffer = {
+                    .buffer =
+                            {
+                                    .description =
+                                            {
+                                                    .width = static_cast<int32_t>(mWidth),
+                                                    .height = static_cast<int32_t>(mHeight),
+                                                    .layers = 1,
+                                                    .format = static_cast<AidlPixelFormat>(mFormat),
+                                                    .usage = static_cast<BufferUsage>(mUsage),
+                                                    .stride = static_cast<int32_t>(mStride),
+                                            },
+                                    .handle = ::android::dupToAidl(memHandle),
+                            },
+                    .bufferId = static_cast<int32_t>(idx),
+                    .deviceId = mDescription.id,
+                    .timestamp = static_cast<int64_t>(::android::elapsedRealtimeNano() *
+                                                      1e+3),  // timestamps is in microseconds
+            };
+
+            // Write test data into the image buffer
+            fillMockFrame(memHandle, reinterpret_cast<const AHardwareBuffer_Desc*>(
+                                             &newBuffer.buffer.description));
+
+            // Issue the (asynchronous) callback to the client -- can't be holding the lock
+            auto flag = false;
+            if (mStream) {
+                std::vector<BufferDesc> frames;
+                frames.push_back(std::move(newBuffer));
+                flag = mStream->deliverFrame(frames).isOk();
+            }
+
+            if (flag) {
+                LOG(DEBUG) << "Delivered " << memHandle << ", id = " << mBuffers[idx].handle;
+            } else {
+                // This can happen if the client dies and is likely unrecoverable.
+                // To avoid consuming resources generating failing calls, we stop sending
+                // frames.  Note, however, that the stream remains in the "STREAMING" state
+                // until cleaned up on the main thread.
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Frame delivery call failed in the transport layer.";
+
+                // Since we didn't actually deliver it, mark the frame as available
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mAccessLock);
+                mBuffers[idx].inUse = false;
+                mFramesInUse--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // We arbitrarily choose to generate frames at 15 fps to ensure we pass the 10fps test
+        // requirement
+        static const int kTargetFrameRate = 15;
+        static const nsecs_t kTargetFrameIntervalUs = 1000 * 1000 / kTargetFrameRate;
+        const nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+        const nsecs_t elapsedTimeUs = (now - startTime) / 1000;
+        const nsecs_t sleepDurationUs = kTargetFrameIntervalUs - elapsedTimeUs;
+        if (sleepDurationUs > 0) {
+            usleep(sleepDurationUs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we've been asked to stop, send an event to signal the actual end of stream
+    EvsEventDesc event = {
+            .aType = EvsEventType::STREAM_STOPPED,
+    };
+    if (!mStream->notify(event).isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("Error delivering end of stream marker");
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+void EvsMockCamera::fillMockFrame(buffer_handle_t handle, const AHardwareBuffer_Desc* pDesc) {
+    // Lock our output buffer for writing
+    uint32_t* pixels = nullptr;
+    ::android::GraphicBufferMapper& mapper = ::android::GraphicBufferMapper::get();
+    mapper.lock(handle, GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_NEVER,
+                ::android::Rect(pDesc->width, pDesc->height), (void**)&pixels);
+
+    // If we failed to lock the pixel buffer, we're about to crash, but log it first
+    if (!pixels) {
+        ALOGE("Camera failed to gain access to image buffer for writing");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Fill in the test pixels; the colorbar in ABGR format
+    for (unsigned row = 0; row < pDesc->height; row++) {
+        for (unsigned col = 0; col < pDesc->width; col++) {
+            const uint32_t index = col * kNumColors / pDesc->width;
+            pixels[col] = kColors[index];
+        }
+        // Point to the next row
+        // NOTE:  stride retrieved from gralloc is in units of pixels
+        pixels = pixels + pDesc->stride;
+    }
+
+    // Release our output buffer
+    mapper.unlock(handle);
+}
+
+void EvsMockCamera::returnBufferLocked(const uint32_t bufferId) {
+    if (bufferId >= mBuffers.size()) {
+        ALOGE("ignoring doneWithFrame called with invalid bufferId %d (max is %zu)", bufferId,
+              mBuffers.size() - 1);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!mBuffers[bufferId].inUse) {
+        ALOGE("ignoring doneWithFrame called on frame %d which is already free", bufferId);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Mark the frame as available
+    mBuffers[bufferId].inUse = false;
+    mFramesInUse--;
+
+    // If this frame's index is high in the array, try to move it down
+    // to improve locality after mFramesAllowed has been reduced.
+    if (bufferId >= mFramesAllowed) {
+        // Find an empty slot lower in the array (which should always exist in this case)
+        for (auto&& rec : mBuffers) {
+            if (rec.handle == nullptr) {
+                rec.handle = mBuffers[bufferId].handle;
+                mBuffers[bufferId].handle = nullptr;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> EvsMockCamera::Create(const char* deviceName) {
+    std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo> nullCamInfo = nullptr;
+
+    return Create(deviceName, nullCamInfo);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> EvsMockCamera::Create(
+        const char* deviceName, std::unique_ptr<ConfigManager::CameraInfo>& camInfo,
+        [[maybe_unused]] const Stream* streamCfg) {
+    std::shared_ptr<EvsMockCamera> c =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<EvsMockCamera>(Sigil{}, deviceName, camInfo);
+    if (!c) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to instantiate EvsMockCamera.";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Use the first resolution from the list for the testing
+    // TODO(b/214835237): Uses a given Stream configuration to choose the best
+    // stream configuration.
+    auto it = camInfo->streamConfigurations.begin();
+    c->mWidth = it->second.width;
+    c->mHeight = it->second.height;
+    c->mDescription.vendorFlags = 0xFFFFFFFF;  // Arbitrary test value
+
+    c->mFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+    c->mUsage = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_WRITE |
+                GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_RARELY | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY;
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/GlWrapper.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/GlWrapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ee5ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/GlWrapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GlWrapper.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/automotive/display/DisplayDesc.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/HardwareBufferDescription.h>
+#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayMode.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayState.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::DisplayDesc;
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::ICarDisplayProxy;
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::Rotation;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HardwareBufferDescription;
+using ::android::GraphicBuffer;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+constexpr const char vertexShaderSource[] =
+        "attribute vec4 pos;                  \n"
+        "attribute vec2 tex;                  \n"
+        "varying vec2 uv;                     \n"
+        "void main()                          \n"
+        "{                                    \n"
+        "   gl_Position = pos;                \n"
+        "   uv = tex;                         \n"
+        "}                                    \n";
+
+constexpr const char pixelShaderSource[] =
+        "precision mediump float;              \n"
+        "uniform sampler2D tex;                \n"
+        "varying vec2 uv;                      \n"
+        "void main()                           \n"
+        "{                                     \n"
+        "    gl_FragColor = texture2D(tex, uv);\n"
+        "}                                     \n";
+
+const char* getEGLError(void) {
+    switch (eglGetError()) {
+        case EGL_SUCCESS:
+            return "EGL_SUCCESS";
+        case EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED:
+            return "EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED";
+        case EGL_BAD_ACCESS:
+            return "EGL_BAD_ACCESS";
+        case EGL_BAD_ALLOC:
+            return "EGL_BAD_ALLOC";
+        case EGL_BAD_ATTRIBUTE:
+            return "EGL_BAD_ATTRIBUTE";
+        case EGL_BAD_CONTEXT:
+            return "EGL_BAD_CONTEXT";
+        case EGL_BAD_CONFIG:
+            return "EGL_BAD_CONFIG";
+        case EGL_BAD_CURRENT_SURFACE:
+            return "EGL_BAD_CURRENT_SURFACE";
+        case EGL_BAD_DISPLAY:
+            return "EGL_BAD_DISPLAY";
+        case EGL_BAD_SURFACE:
+            return "EGL_BAD_SURFACE";
+        case EGL_BAD_MATCH:
+            return "EGL_BAD_MATCH";
+        case EGL_BAD_PARAMETER:
+            return "EGL_BAD_PARAMETER";
+        case EGL_BAD_NATIVE_PIXMAP:
+            return "EGL_BAD_NATIVE_PIXMAP";
+        case EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW:
+            return "EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW";
+        case EGL_CONTEXT_LOST:
+            return "EGL_CONTEXT_LOST";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown error";
+    }
+}
+
+// Given shader source, load and compile it
+GLuint loadShader(GLenum type, const char* shaderSrc) {
+    // Create the shader object
+    GLuint shader = glCreateShader(type);
+    if (shader == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Load and compile the shader
+    glShaderSource(shader, 1, &shaderSrc, nullptr);
+    glCompileShader(shader);
+
+    // Verify the compilation worked as expected
+    GLint compiled = 0;
+    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
+    if (!compiled) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error compiling shader";
+
+        GLint size = 0;
+        glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &size);
+        if (size > 0) {
+            // Get and report the error message
+            char* infoLog = (char*)malloc(size);
+            glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, size, nullptr, infoLog);
+            LOG(ERROR) << "  msg:" << std::endl << infoLog;
+            free(infoLog);
+        }
+
+        glDeleteShader(shader);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return shader;
+}
+
+// Create a program object given vertex and pixels shader source
+GLuint buildShaderProgram(const char* vtxSrc, const char* pxlSrc) {
+    GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
+    if (program == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate program object";
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Compile the shaders and bind them to this program
+    GLuint vertexShader = loadShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vtxSrc);
+    if (vertexShader == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load vertex shader";
+        glDeleteProgram(program);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    GLuint pixelShader = loadShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, pxlSrc);
+    if (pixelShader == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load pixel shader";
+        glDeleteProgram(program);
+        glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
+    glAttachShader(program, pixelShader);
+
+    glBindAttribLocation(program, 0, "pos");
+    glBindAttribLocation(program, 1, "tex");
+
+    // Link the program
+    glLinkProgram(program);
+    GLint linked = 0;
+    glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);
+    if (!linked) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error linking program";
+        GLint size = 0;
+        glGetProgramiv(program, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &size);
+        if (size > 0) {
+            // Get and report the error message
+            char* infoLog = (char*)malloc(size);
+            glGetProgramInfoLog(program, size, nullptr, infoLog);
+            LOG(ERROR) << "  msg:  " << infoLog;
+            free(infoLog);
+        }
+
+        glDeleteProgram(program);
+        glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
+        glDeleteShader(pixelShader);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return program;
+}
+
+::android::sp<HGraphicBufferProducer> convertNativeHandleToHGBP(const NativeHandle& aidlHandle) {
+    native_handle_t* handle = ::android::dupFromAidl(aidlHandle);
+    if (handle->numFds != 0 || handle->numInts < std::ceil(sizeof(size_t) / sizeof(int))) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid native handle";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> halToken;
+    halToken.setToExternal(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(const_cast<int*>(&(handle->data[1]))),
+                           handle->data[0]);
+    ::android::sp<HGraphicBufferProducer> hgbp =
+            HGraphicBufferProducer::castFrom(::android::retrieveHalInterface(halToken));
+    return std::move(hgbp);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation {
+
+// Main entry point
+bool GlWrapper::initialize(const std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy>& pWindowProxy,
+                           uint64_t displayId) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __FUNCTION__;
+
+    if (!pWindowProxy) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not get ICarDisplayProxy.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    DisplayDesc displayDesc;
+    auto status = pWindowProxy->getDisplayInfo(displayId, &displayDesc);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read the display information";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mWidth = displayDesc.width;
+    mHeight = displayDesc.height;
+    if ((displayDesc.orientation != Rotation::ROTATION_0) &&
+        (displayDesc.orientation != Rotation::ROTATION_180)) {
+        std::swap(mWidth, mHeight);
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "Display resolution is " << mWidth << "x" << mHeight;
+
+    NativeHandle aidlHandle;
+    status = pWindowProxy->getHGraphicBufferProducer(displayId, &aidlHandle);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get IGraphicBufferProducer from ICarDisplayProxy.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mGfxBufferProducer = convertNativeHandleToHGBP(aidlHandle);
+    if (!mGfxBufferProducer) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert a NativeHandle to HGBP.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mSurfaceHolder = getSurfaceFromHGBP(mGfxBufferProducer);
+    if (mSurfaceHolder == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get a Surface from HGBP.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mWindow = getNativeWindow(mSurfaceHolder.get());
+    if (mWindow == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get a native window from Surface.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Set up our OpenGL ES context associated with the default display
+    mDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+    if (mDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get egl display";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    EGLint major = 2;
+    EGLint minor = 0;
+    if (!eglInitialize(mDisplay, &major, &minor)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to initialize EGL: " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const EGLint config_attribs[] = {
+            // clang-format off
+            // Tag          Value
+            EGL_RED_SIZE,   8,
+            EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 8,
+            EGL_BLUE_SIZE,  8,
+            EGL_DEPTH_SIZE, 0,
+            EGL_NONE
+            // clang-format on
+    };
+
+    // Pick the default configuration without constraints (is this good enough?)
+    EGLConfig egl_config = {0};
+    EGLint numConfigs = -1;
+    eglChooseConfig(mDisplay, config_attribs, &egl_config, 1, &numConfigs);
+    if (numConfigs != 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Didn't find a suitable format for our display window, " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Create the EGL render target surface
+    mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay, egl_config, mWindow, nullptr);
+    if (mSurface == EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "eglCreateWindowSurface failed, " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Create the EGL context
+    // NOTE:  Our shader is (currently at least) written to require version 3, so this
+    //        is required.
+    const EGLint context_attribs[] = {EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION, 3, EGL_NONE};
+    mContext = eglCreateContext(mDisplay, egl_config, EGL_NO_CONTEXT, context_attribs);
+    if (mContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create OpenGL ES Context: " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Activate our render target for drawing
+    if (!eglMakeCurrent(mDisplay, mSurface, mSurface, mContext)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make the OpenGL ES Context current: " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Create the shader program for our simple pipeline
+    mShaderProgram = buildShaderProgram(vertexShaderSource, pixelShaderSource);
+    if (!mShaderProgram) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to build shader program: " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Create a GL texture that will eventually wrap our externally created texture surface(s)
+    glGenTextures(1, &mTextureMap);
+    if (mTextureMap <= 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Didn't get a texture handle allocated: " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Turn off mip-mapping for the created texture surface
+    // (the inbound camera imagery doesn't have MIPs)
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureMap);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void GlWrapper::shutdown() {
+    // Drop our device textures
+    if (mKHRimage != EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR) {
+        eglDestroyImageKHR(mDisplay, mKHRimage);
+        mKHRimage = EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR;
+    }
+
+    // Release all GL resources
+    if (eglGetCurrentContext() == mContext) {
+        eglMakeCurrent(mDisplay, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_CONTEXT);
+    }
+    eglDestroySurface(mDisplay, mSurface);
+    eglDestroyContext(mDisplay, mContext);
+    eglTerminate(mDisplay);
+    mSurface = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+    mContext = EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+    mDisplay = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+
+    // Release the window
+    mSurfaceHolder = nullptr;
+}
+
+void GlWrapper::showWindow(const std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy>& pWindowProxy, uint64_t id) {
+    if (pWindowProxy) {
+        pWindowProxy->showWindow(id);
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "ICarDisplayProxy is not available.";
+    }
+}
+
+void GlWrapper::hideWindow(const std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy>& pWindowProxy, uint64_t id) {
+    if (pWindowProxy) {
+        pWindowProxy->hideWindow(id);
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "ICarDisplayProxy is not available.";
+    }
+}
+
+bool GlWrapper::updateImageTexture(buffer_handle_t handle,
+                                   const HardwareBufferDescription& description) {
+    if (mKHRimage != EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Create a temporary GraphicBuffer to wrap the provided handle.
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> pGfxBuffer =
+            new GraphicBuffer(description.width, description.height,
+                              static_cast<::android::PixelFormat>(description.format),
+                              description.layers, static_cast<uint32_t>(description.usage),
+                              description.stride, const_cast<native_handle_t*>(handle),
+                              /* keepOwnership= */ false);
+    if (!pGfxBuffer) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate GraphicBuffer to wrap our native handle";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get a GL compatible reference to the graphics buffer we've been given
+    EGLint eglImageAttributes[] = {EGL_IMAGE_PRESERVED_KHR, EGL_TRUE, EGL_NONE};
+    EGLClientBuffer cbuf = static_cast<EGLClientBuffer>(pGfxBuffer->getNativeBuffer());
+    mKHRimage = eglCreateImageKHR(mDisplay, EGL_NO_CONTEXT, EGL_NATIVE_BUFFER_ANDROID, cbuf,
+                                  eglImageAttributes);
+    if (mKHRimage == EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error creating EGLImage: " << getEGLError();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Update the texture handle we already created to refer to this gralloc buffer
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureMap);
+    glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_2D, static_cast<GLeglImageOES>(mKHRimage));
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void GlWrapper::renderImageToScreen() {
+    // Set the viewport
+    glViewport(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);
+
+    // Clear the color buffer
+    glClearColor(0.1f, 0.5f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
+    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+    // Select our screen space simple texture shader
+    glUseProgram(mShaderProgram);
+
+    // Bind the texture and assign it to the shader's sampler
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureMap);
+    GLint sampler = glGetUniformLocation(mShaderProgram, "tex");
+    glUniform1i(sampler, 0);
+
+    // We want our image to show up opaque regardless of alpha values
+    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+
+    // Draw a rectangle on the screen
+    GLfloat vertsCarPos[] = {
+            // clang-format off
+            -0.8,  0.8, 0.0f,  // left top in window space
+             0.8,  0.8, 0.0f,  // right top
+            -0.8, -0.8, 0.0f,  // left bottom
+             0.8, -0.8, 0.0f   // right bottom
+            // clang-format on
+    };
+
+    // NOTE:  We didn't flip the image in the texture, so V=0 is actually the top of the image
+    GLfloat vertsCarTex[] = {
+            // clang-format off
+            0.0f, 0.0f,  // left top
+            1.0f, 0.0f,  // right top
+            0.0f, 1.0f,  // left bottom
+            1.0f, 1.0f   // right bottom
+            // clang-format on
+    };
+    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, vertsCarPos);
+    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, vertsCarTex);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
+
+    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+
+    // Clean up and flip the rendered result to the front so it is visible
+    glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
+    glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
+
+    glFinish();
+
+    if (eglSwapBuffers(mDisplay, mSurface) == EGL_FALSE) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to swap EGL buffers, " << getEGLError();
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/service.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/service.cpp
index 0a0913f..7532d87 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/service.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/src/service.cpp
@@ -14,38 +14,75 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "EvsService"
-
-#include <DefaultEvsEnumerator.h>
+#include "EvsEnumerator.h"
+#include "EvsGlDisplay.h"
 
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation::DefaultEvsEnumerator;
+#include <unistd.h>
 
-int main([[maybe_unused]] int argc, [[maybe_unused]] char* argv[]) {
-    std::shared_ptr<DefaultEvsEnumerator> vhal = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<DefaultEvsEnumerator>();
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <string_view>
 
-    ALOGI("Registering as service...");
-    binder_exception_t err =
-            AServiceManager_addService(vhal->asBinder().get(), "android.hardware.automotive.evs");
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::automotive::display::ICarDisplayProxy;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::implementation::EvsEnumerator;
+
+constexpr std::string_view kDisplayServiceInstanceName = "/default";
+constexpr std::string_view kHwInstanceName = "/hw/0";
+constexpr int kNumBinderThreads = 1;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int main() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "EVS Hardware Enumerator service is starting";
+
+    const std::string displayServiceInstanceName =
+            std::string(ICarDisplayProxy::descriptor) + std::string(kDisplayServiceInstanceName);
+    if (!AServiceManager_isDeclared(displayServiceInstanceName.data())) {
+        // TODO: We may just want to disable EVS display.
+        LOG(ERROR) << displayServiceInstanceName << " is required.";
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ICarDisplayProxy> displayService = ICarDisplayProxy::fromBinder(
+            ::ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(displayServiceInstanceName.data())));
+    if (!displayService) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot use " << displayServiceInstanceName << ".  Exiting.";
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    // Register our service -- if somebody is already registered by our name,
+    // they will be killed (their thread pool will throw an exception).
+    std::shared_ptr<EvsEnumerator> service =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<EvsEnumerator>(displayService);
+    if (!service) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to instantiate the service";
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    const std::string instanceName =
+            std::string(EvsEnumerator::descriptor) + std::string(kHwInstanceName);
+    auto err = AServiceManager_addService(service->asBinder().get(), instanceName.data());
     if (err != EX_NONE) {
-        ALOGE("failed to register android.hardware.automotive.evs service, exception: %d", err);
-        return 1;
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to register " << instanceName << ", exception = " << err;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
-    if (!ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1)) {
-        ALOGE("%s", "failed to set thread pool max thread count");
-        return 1;
+    if (!ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(kNumBinderThreads)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set thread pool";
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
+
     ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
-
-    ALOGI("Evs Service Ready");
+    LOG(INFO) << "EVS Hardware Enumerator is ready";
 
     ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
-
-    ALOGI("Evs Service Exiting");
-
-    return 0;
+    // In normal operation, we don't expect the thread pool to exit
+    LOG(INFO) << "EVS Hardware Enumerator is shutting down";
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }