diff --git a/audio/6.0/Android.bp b/audio/6.0/Android.bp
index dc6bb98..16abc52 100644
--- a/audio/6.0/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/6.0/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
         "IStreamIn.hal",
         "IStreamOut.hal",
         "IStreamOutCallback.hal",
+        "IStreamOutEventCallback.hal",
     ],
     interfaces: [
         "android.hardware.audio.common@6.0",
diff --git a/audio/6.0/IStreamOut.hal b/audio/6.0/IStreamOut.hal
index 13a86ec..9da48fe 100644
--- a/audio/6.0/IStreamOut.hal
+++ b/audio/6.0/IStreamOut.hal
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.hardware.audio.common@6.0;
 import IStream;
 import IStreamOutCallback;
+import IStreamOutEventCallback;
 
 interface IStreamOut extends IStream {
     /**
@@ -168,6 +169,18 @@
     clearCallback() generates (Result retval);
 
     /**
+     * Set the callback interface for notifying about an output stream event.
+     *
+     * Calling this method with a null pointer will result in releasing
+     * the local callback proxy on the server side and thus dereference
+     * the callback implementation on the client side.
+     *
+     * @return retval operation completion status.
+     */
+    setEventCallback(IStreamOutEventCallback callback)
+            generates (Result retval);
+
+    /**
      * Returns whether HAL supports pausing and resuming of streams.
      *
      * @return supportsPause true if pausing is supported.
diff --git a/audio/6.0/IStreamOutEventCallback.hal b/audio/6.0/IStreamOutEventCallback.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de17d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/6.0/IStreamOutEventCallback.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.audio@6.0;
+
+/**
+ * Asynchronous stream out event callback interface. The interface provides
+ * a way for the HAL to notify platform when there are changes, e.g. codec
+ * format change, from the lower layer.
+ */
+interface IStreamOutEventCallback {
+    /**
+     * Codec format changed.
+     *
+     * @param audioMetadata is a buffer containing decoded format changes
+     *     reported by codec. The buffer contains data that can be transformed
+     *     to audio metadata, which is a C++ object based map. See
+     *     `system/media/audio_utils/include/audio_utils/Metadata.h` for
+     *     more details.
+     */
+    oneway onCodecFormatChanged(vec<uint8_t> audioMetadata);
+};
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.cpp b/audio/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.cpp
index 7a4d72b..150d641 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_AUDIO
 
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include <memory>
 
 #include <android/log.h>
@@ -612,6 +614,33 @@
     return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
 }
 
+Return<Result> StreamOut::setEventCallback(const sp<IStreamOutEventCallback>& callback) {
+    if (mStream->set_event_callback == nullptr) return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    int result = mStream->set_event_callback(mStream, StreamOut::asyncEventCallback, this);
+    if (result == 0) {
+        mEventCallback = callback;
+    }
+    return Stream::analyzeStatus("set_stream_out_callback", result, {ENOSYS} /*ignore*/);
+}
+
+// static
+int StreamOut::asyncEventCallback(stream_event_callback_type_t event, void* param, void* cookie) {
+    StreamOut* self = reinterpret_cast<StreamOut*>(cookie);
+    sp<IStreamOutEventCallback> eventCallback = self->mEventCallback;
+    if (eventCallback.get() == nullptr) return 0;
+    ALOGV("%s event %d", __func__, event);
+    switch (event) {
+        case STREAM_EVENT_CBK_TYPE_CODEC_FORMAT_CHANGED: {
+            hidl_vec<uint8_t> audioMetadata;
+            audioMetadata.setToExternal((uint8_t*)param, strlen((char*)param));
+            eventCallback->onCodecFormatChanged(audioMetadata);
+        } break;
+        default:
+            ALOGW("%s unknown event %d", __func__, event);
+            break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace implementation
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/default/StreamOut.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/default/StreamOut.h
index 5db8626..e647da9 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/default/StreamOut.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/default/StreamOut.h
@@ -133,12 +133,19 @@
     static Result getPresentationPositionImpl(audio_stream_out_t* stream, uint64_t* frames,
                                               TimeSpec* timeStamp);
 
-   private:
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+    Return<Result> setEventCallback(const sp<IStreamOutEventCallback>& callback) override;
+#endif
+
+  private:
     const sp<Device> mDevice;
     audio_stream_out_t* mStream;
     const sp<Stream> mStreamCommon;
     const sp<StreamMmap<audio_stream_out_t>> mStreamMmap;
-    sp<IStreamOutCallback> mCallback;
+    sp<IStreamOutCallback> mCallback;  // Callback for non-blocking write and drain
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+    sp<IStreamOutEventCallback> mEventCallback;
+#endif
     std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> mCommandMQ;
     std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> mDataMQ;
     std::unique_ptr<StatusMQ> mStatusMQ;
@@ -149,6 +156,10 @@
     virtual ~StreamOut();
 
     static int asyncCallback(stream_callback_event_t event, void* param, void* cookie);
+
+#if MAJOR_VERSION >= 6
+    static int asyncEventCallback(stream_event_callback_type_t event, void* param, void* cookie);
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace implementation
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
index 9e2a050..b40a329 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/6.0/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
@@ -251,3 +251,21 @@
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PlaybackRateParametersHidl, PlaybackRateParametersHidlTest,
                         ::testing::ValuesIn(getOutputDeviceConfigParameters()),
                         &DeviceConfigParameterToString);
+
+/** Stub implementation of IStreamOutEventCallback **/
+class MockOutEventCallbacks : public IStreamOutEventCallback {
+    Return<void> onCodecFormatChanged(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& audioMetadata __unused) override {
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_P(OutputStreamTest, SetEventCallback) {
+    doc::test("If supported, set event callback for output stream should never fail");
+    auto res = stream->setEventCallback(new MockOutEventCallbacks);
+    EXPECT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, res);
+    if (res == Result::OK) {
+        ASSERT_OK(stream->setEventCallback(nullptr));
+    } else {
+        doc::partialTest("The stream does not support event callback");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index cdea8b6..a8e7c0b 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,22 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/ICanBus.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/types.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/can-hal-printers.h>
-#include <can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <hidl-utils/hidl-utils.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts {
 
 using hardware::hidl_vec;
 
-static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanBus>* gEnv = nullptr;
-
 struct CanMessageListener : public can::V1_0::ICanMessageListener {
     virtual Return<void> onReceive(const can::V1_0::CanMessage&) override { return {}; }
 };
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@
     virtual Return<void> onError(ErrorEvent, bool) override { return {}; }
 };
 
-class CanBusHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class CanBusHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
     virtual void TearDown() override;
@@ -51,9 +49,8 @@
 };
 
 void CanBusHalTest::SetUp() {
-    const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<ICanBus>();
-    mCanBus = getService<ICanBus>(serviceName);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanBus) << "Couldn't open CAN Bus: " << serviceName;
+    mCanBus = ICanBus::getService(GetParam());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanBus) << "Couldn't open CAN Bus: " << GetParam();
 }
 
 void CanBusHalTest::TearDown() {
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, SendNoPayload) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, SendNoPayload) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.id = 0x123;
     ASSERT_NE(mCanBus, nullptr);
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, Send8B) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, Send8B) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.id = 0x234;
     msg.payload = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, SendZeroId) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, SendZeroId) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.payload = {1, 2, 3};
 
@@ -100,7 +97,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, SendTooLong) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, SendTooLong) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.id = 0x123;
     msg.payload = hidl_vec<uint8_t>(102400);  // 100kiB
@@ -109,14 +106,14 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::PAYLOAD_TOO_LONG, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, ListenNoFilter) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, ListenNoFilter) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, new CanMessageListener());
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, ListenSomeFilter) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, ListenSomeFilter) {
     hidl_vec<CanMessageFilter> filters = {
             {0x123, 0x1FF, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, false},
             {0x001, 0x00F, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, true},
@@ -129,12 +126,12 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, ListenNull) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, ListenNull) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseListener) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, new CanMessageListener());
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 
@@ -142,12 +139,12 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseListener) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, new CanMessageListener());
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseErrorListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseErrorListener) {
     auto closeHandle = listenForErrors(new CanErrorListener());
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, closeHandle.get());
 
@@ -155,7 +152,7 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseNullErrorListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseNullErrorListener) {
     auto closeHandle = listenForErrors(nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, closeHandle.get());
 
@@ -163,13 +160,11 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseErrorListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseErrorListener) {
     auto closeHandle = listenForErrors(new CanErrorListener());
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, closeHandle.get());
 }
 
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
-
 /**
  * This test requires that you bring up a valid bus first.
  *
@@ -177,19 +172,12 @@
  * mma -j && adb root && adb remount && adb sync
  *
  * Example manual invocation:
- * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest \
- *     --hal_service_instance=android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanBus/<NAME_OF_VALID_BUS>
+ * adb shell canhalctrl up <NAME_OF_VALID_BUS> socketcan can0 125000
+ * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest\
+ *     --gtest_filter=*_<NAME_OF_VALID_BUS>
  */
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::ICanBus;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::gEnv;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment;
-    setenv("TREBLE_TESTING_OVERRIDE", "true", true);
-    android::base::SetDefaultTag("CanBusVts");
-    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::VERBOSE);
-    gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanBus>;
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(  //
+        PerInstance, CanBusHalTest, testing::ValuesIn(getAllHalInstanceNames(ICanBus::descriptor)),
+        PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 68d555d..9039435 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/ICanBus.h>
@@ -23,9 +22,11 @@
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/bus-enumerator.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/can-hal-printers.h>
-#include <can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl-utils/hidl-utils.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <utils/SystemClock.h>
 
@@ -39,8 +40,6 @@
 using hardware::hidl_vec;
 using InterfaceType = ICanController::InterfaceType;
 
-static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>* gEnv = nullptr;
-
 struct CanMessageListener : public can::V1_0::ICanMessageListener {
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CanMessageListener);
 
@@ -133,12 +132,11 @@
     sp<ICanBus> mBus;
 };
 
-class CanBusVirtualHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class CanBusVirtualHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
-
+    virtual void TearDown() override;
     static void SetUpTestCase();
-    static void TearDownTestCase();
 
     Bus makeBus();
 
@@ -147,13 +145,10 @@
 
   private:
     unsigned mLastIface = 0;
-    static sp<ICanController> mCanController;
-    static bool mVirtualSupported;
+    sp<ICanController> mCanController = nullptr;
     static bool mTestCaseInitialized;
 };
 
-sp<ICanController> CanBusVirtualHalTest::mCanController = nullptr;
-bool CanBusVirtualHalTest::mVirtualSupported;
 hidl_vec<hidl_string> CanBusVirtualHalTest::mBusNames;
 bool CanBusVirtualHalTest::mTestCaseInitialized = false;
 
@@ -170,29 +165,27 @@
 }
 
 void CanBusVirtualHalTest::SetUp() {
-    if (!mVirtualSupported) GTEST_SKIP();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mTestCaseInitialized);
-}
 
-void CanBusVirtualHalTest::SetUpTestCase() {
-    const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<ICanController>();
-    mCanController = getService<ICanController>(serviceName);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << serviceName;
+    mCanController = ICanController::getService(GetParam());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << GetParam();
 
     hidl_vec<InterfaceType> supported;
     mCanController->getSupportedInterfaceTypes(hidl_utils::fill(&supported)).assertOk();
-    mVirtualSupported = supported.contains(InterfaceType::VIRTUAL);
+    if (!supported.contains(InterfaceType::VIRTUAL)) GTEST_SKIP();
+}
 
+void CanBusVirtualHalTest::TearDown() {
+    mCanController.clear();
+}
+
+void CanBusVirtualHalTest::SetUpTestCase() {
     mBusNames = utils::getBusNames();
     ASSERT_NE(0u, mBusNames.size()) << "No ICanBus HALs defined in device manifest";
 
     mTestCaseInitialized = true;
 }
 
-void CanBusVirtualHalTest::TearDownTestCase() {
-    mCanController.clear();
-}
-
 Bus CanBusVirtualHalTest::makeBus() {
     const auto idx = mLastIface++;
     EXPECT_LT(idx, mBusNames.size());
@@ -204,7 +197,7 @@
     return Bus(mCanController, config);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, Send) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, Send) {
     auto bus = makeBus();
 
     CanMessage msg = {};
@@ -214,7 +207,7 @@
     bus.send(msg);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAfterClose) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAfterClose) {
     auto bus = makeBus();
     auto zombie = bus.get();
     bus.reset();
@@ -223,7 +216,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::INTERFACE_DOWN, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAndRecv) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAndRecv) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -243,7 +236,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(msg, messages[0]);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, DownOneOfTwo) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, DownOneOfTwo) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
 
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
@@ -254,7 +247,7 @@
     bus1.send({});
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterPositive) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterPositive) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -418,7 +411,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedPositive, messagesPositive);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterNegative) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterNegative) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -612,7 +605,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedNegative, messagesNegative);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterMixed) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterMixed) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -871,22 +864,13 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedMixed, messagesMixed);
 }
 
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
-
 /**
  * Example manual invocation:
- * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest\
- *     --hal_service_instance=android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanController/socketcan
+ * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest
  */
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::ICanController;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::gEnv;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment;
-    android::base::SetDefaultTag("CanBusVirtualVts");
-    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::VERBOSE);
-    gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>;
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(  //
+        PerInstance, CanBusVirtualHalTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(getAllHalInstanceNames(ICanController::descriptor)),
+        PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 8397215..8ef5758 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/ICanBus.h>
@@ -23,9 +22,10 @@
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/bus-enumerator.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/can-hal-printers.h>
-#include <can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <hidl-utils/hidl-utils.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts {
 
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@
 using InterfaceType = ICanController::InterfaceType;
 using IfId = ICanController::BusConfig::InterfaceId;
 
-static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>* gEnv = nullptr;
-
-class CanControllerHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class CanControllerHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
     virtual void TearDown() override;
@@ -61,9 +59,8 @@
 void CanControllerHalTest::SetUp() {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mTestCaseInitialized);
 
-    const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<ICanController>();
-    mCanController = getService<ICanController>(serviceName);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << serviceName;
+    mCanController = ICanController::getService(GetParam());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << GetParam();
 }
 
 void CanControllerHalTest::TearDown() {
@@ -130,12 +127,12 @@
             << " (should be otherwise)";
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, SupportsSomething) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, SupportsSomething) {
     const auto supported = getSupportedInterfaceTypes();
     ASSERT_GT(supported.size(), 0u);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, BringUpDown) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, BringUpDown) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -148,12 +145,12 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, DownDummy) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, DownDummy) {
     const auto result = mCanController->downInterface("imnotup");
     ASSERT_FALSE(result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, UpTwice) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, UpTwice) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -169,7 +166,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, ConfigCompatibility) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, ConfigCompatibility) {
     // using random-ish addresses, which may not be valid - we can't test the success case
     // TODO(b/146214370): move interfaceId constructors to a library
     IfId virtualCfg = {};
@@ -231,7 +228,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailEmptyName) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailEmptyName) {
     const std::string name = "";
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -241,7 +238,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadName) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadName) {
     // 33 characters (name can be at most 32 characters long)
     const std::string name = "ab012345678901234567890123456789c";
 
@@ -252,7 +249,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadVirtualAddress) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadVirtualAddress) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -262,7 +259,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSocketcanAddress) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSocketcanAddress) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -277,7 +274,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSlcanAddress) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSlcanAddress) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -292,22 +289,13 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
-
 /**
  * Example manual invocation:
- * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest\
- *     --hal_service_instance=android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanController/socketcan
+ * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest
  */
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::ICanController;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::gEnv;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment;
-    android::base::SetDefaultTag("CanControllerVts");
-    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::VERBOSE);
-    gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>;
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(  //
+        PerInstance, CanControllerHalTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(getAllHalInstanceNames(ICanController::descriptor)),
+        PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/utils/include/can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/utils/include/can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3eb9cc1..0000000
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/utils/include/can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
-
-namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils {
-
-/**
- * Simple test environment.
- *
- * This is a helper class to instantiate a test environment without boilerplate code for cases where
- * there is no need to pass more parameters than just HIDL service instance name.
- *
- * The class implements registerTestServices() by calling registerTestService() on every HIDL
- * interface provided as parameter to this template.
- *
- * Example usage:
- *     static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<IMyService>* gEnv = nullptr;
- *
- *     void CanBusHalTest::SetUp() {
- *         const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<IMyService>();
- *         (...)
- *     }
- *
- *     int main(int argc, char** argv) {
- *         gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<IMyService>;
- *         ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
- *         ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
- *         gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
- *         return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
- *     }
- *
- * \param T... HIDL interface names to register for a test service
- */
-template <typename... T>
-class SimpleHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-  public:
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
-        // Call registerTestService() for every HIDL interface using this template.
-        using expander = int[];
-        (void)expander{0, (registerTestService<T>(), 0)...};
-    }
-};
-
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.6/ICameraProvider.hal b/camera/provider/2.6/ICameraProvider.hal
index 9c46ba0..5651550 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.6/ICameraProvider.hal
+++ b/camera/provider/2.6/ICameraProvider.hal
@@ -56,11 +56,26 @@
      * s720p - min (max output resolution for the given format, 1280 X 720)
      * s1440p - min (max output resolution for the given format, 1920 X 1440)
      *
+     * If a device has MONOCHROME capability (device's capabilities include
+     * ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_MONOCHROME) and therefore supports Y8
+     * outputs, stream combinations mentioned above, where YUV is substituted by
+     * Y8 must be also supported.
+     *
      * The camera framework must call this method whenever it gets a
      * cameraDeviceStatusChange callback adding a new camera device or removing
      * a camera device known to it. This is so that the camera framework can get new combinations
      * of camera ids that can stream concurrently, that might have potentially appeared.
      *
+     * For each combination (and their subsets) of camera device ids returned by
+     * getConcurrentStreamingCameraIds(): If only the mandatory combinations can
+     * be supported concurrently by each device, then the resource costs must
+     * sum up to > 100 for the concurrent set, to ensure arbitration between
+     * camera applications work as expected. Only if resources are sufficient
+     * to run a set of cameras at full capability (maximally
+     * resource-consuming framerate and stream size settings available in the
+     * configuration settings exposed through camera metadata), should the sum
+     * of resource costs for the combination be <= 100.
+     *
      * @return status Status code for the operation
      * @return cameraIds a list of camera id combinations that support
      *         concurrent stream configurations with the minimum guarantees
diff --git a/current.txt b/current.txt
index 5f5758c..42981ad 100644
--- a/current.txt
+++ b/current.txt
@@ -611,8 +611,9 @@
 bca5379d5065e2e08b6ad7308ffc8a71a972fc0698bec678ea32eea786d01cb5 android.hardware.audio@6.0::IPrimaryDevice
 fd1f1b29f26b42e886220f04a08086c00e5ade9d7b53f095438e578ab9d42a93 android.hardware.audio@6.0::IStream
 2df5d5866b37776f25079c0e54b54350a2abe4e025a59c9e02a7d3abe8ca00e8 android.hardware.audio@6.0::IStreamIn
-e6cd2b7c1a86b6ca683c0224ffde3b73aa14f6487de9f46833e539d26d1b3b5c android.hardware.audio@6.0::IStreamOut
+164826a380f4c1700183003f62d7532e367b67381c30ea44f946c0cf00008f85 android.hardware.audio@6.0::IStreamOut
 997fdaad7a9d17ee7e01feb7031a753e2365e72ad30b11d950e9183fabdf3844 android.hardware.audio@6.0::IStreamOutCallback
+e7ca0db9a1098210f327a9b152fa6afe6bf019c41e5264c64829d04d50c0a526 android.hardware.audio@6.0::IStreamOutEventCallback
 bee662c62d997d8065e2bcb5c1e7a9578931f22ce28fd02c219fdb4d0630abf7 android.hardware.audio.common@6.0::types
 817930d58412d662cb45e641c50cb62c727e4a3e3ffe7029a53cad9677b97d58 android.hardware.audio.effect@6.0::types
 525bec6b44f1103869c269a128d51b8dccd73af5340ba863c8886c68357c7faf android.hardware.audio.effect@6.0::IAcousticEchoCancelerEffect
@@ -638,7 +639,7 @@
 07d0a252b2d8fa35887908a996ba395cf392968395fc30afab791f46e0c22a52 android.hardware.boot@1.1::IBootControl
 74049a402be913963edfdd80828a53736570e9d8124a1bf18166b6ed46a6b0ab android.hardware.boot@1.1::types
 b8c63679e1a3874b356f3e691aecce1191d38f59063cf2ed2dce8a9d4cabf00e android.hardware.camera.device@3.6::ICameraDevice
-daad72a2f482d8a1f660d0e99ac1b78fedb414a4cfbe3fa56b2cd480e5d6f0cb android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6::ICameraProvider
+99aae72ae75a8ddf63ccffbc585f3a55f4d0847b4adff3d7a0f8bd9e2305bec1 android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6::ICameraProvider
 8f8d9463508ff9cae88eb35c429fd0e2dbca0ca8f5de7fdf836cc0c4370becb6 android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6::ICameraProviderCallback
 a35d5151b48505f06a775b38c0e2e265f80a845d92802324c643565807f81c53 android.hardware.camera.device@3.6::types
 c1aa508d00b66ed5feefea398fd5edf28fa651ac89773adad7dfda4e0a73a952 android.hardware.cas@1.2::ICas
@@ -702,7 +703,7 @@
 77531c8d048f8f8ae532babd0ca86332a865ec9aace1b051226ef2b21123e645 android.hardware.wifi.supplicant@1.3::ISupplicantStaNetwork
 98592d193a717066facf91428426e5abe211e3bd718bc372e29fb944ddbe6e7c android.hardware.wifi.supplicant@1.3::types
 99f5c26b952271d1246c957e1d0271fa39445ee65cc93aa7c187834f98914a33 android.hardware.radio@1.5::types
-890ecacaaa6660802bac01bbbe5f16b1eb1d6a3a3f0e5b398be5cec76a5ab673 android.hardware.radio@1.5::IRadio
+b454df853441c12f6e425e8a60dd29fda20f5e6e39b93d1103e4b37495db38aa android.hardware.radio@1.5::IRadio
 e96ae1c3a9c0689002ec2318e9c587f4f607c16a75a3cd38788b77eb91072021 android.hardware.radio@1.5::IRadioIndication
 829d3827eeb5a8f563e80fe627419b3231012fc02bc2e79782ec5e9ad9f799a4 android.hardware.radio@1.5::IRadioResponse
 3ca6616381080bdd6c08141ad12775a94ae868c58b02b1274ae3326f7de724ab android.hardware.sensors@2.1::ISensors
diff --git a/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PlaneLayoutComponentType.aidl b/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PlaneLayoutComponentType.aidl
index 18c4a2e..ce08396 100644
--- a/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PlaneLayoutComponentType.aidl
+++ b/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PlaneLayoutComponentType.aidl
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@
     /* Blue */
     B = 1 << 12,
 
+    /* Raw */
+    RAW = 1 << 20,
+
     /* Alpha */
     A = 1 << 30,
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index b6343d3..7a00ed2 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -279,23 +279,48 @@
               mComposerClient->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(mInvalidDisplayId, &vsyncPeriodNanos));
 }
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, getDisplayVsyncPeriod) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, getDisplayVsyncPeriod) {
     for (Display display : mComposerCallback->getDisplays()) {
         for (Config config : mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display)) {
             VsyncPeriodNanos expectedVsyncPeriodNanos = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute_2_4(
                     display, config, IComposerClient::IComposerClient::Attribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
 
-            mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(display, config);
+            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline;
+            IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints constraints;
+
+            constraints.desiredTimeNanos = systemTime();
+            constraints.seamlessRequired = false;
+            EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mComposerClient->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+                                           display, config, constraints, &timeline));
+
+            if (timeline.refreshRequired) {
+                sendRefreshFrame(timeline);
+            }
+            waitForVsyncPeriodChange(display, timeline, constraints.desiredTimeNanos, 0,
+                                     expectedVsyncPeriodNanos);
+
             VsyncPeriodNanos vsyncPeriodNanos;
             int retryCount = 100;
             do {
                 std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms);
+                vsyncPeriodNanos = 0;
                 EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE,
                           mComposerClient->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display, &vsyncPeriodNanos));
                 --retryCount;
             } while (vsyncPeriodNanos != expectedVsyncPeriodNanos && retryCount > 0);
 
             EXPECT_EQ(vsyncPeriodNanos, expectedVsyncPeriodNanos);
+
+            // Make sure that the vsync period stays the same if the active config is not changed.
+            auto timeout = 1ms;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(timeout);
+                timeout *= 2;
+                vsyncPeriodNanos = 0;
+                EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE,
+                          mComposerClient->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display, &vsyncPeriodNanos));
+                EXPECT_EQ(vsyncPeriodNanos, expectedVsyncPeriodNanos);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
index 71e6deb..295ba36 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -278,6 +278,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    bool isEqual(float a, float b) { return abs(a - b) < 0.0001; }
+
     std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo mDummyDescriptorInfo{};
     static const std::set<StandardMetadataType> sRequiredMetadataTypes;
@@ -725,8 +727,10 @@
 
     int fence;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mGralloc->flushLockedBuffer(writeBufferHandle));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, sync_wait(fence, 3500));
-    close(fence);
+    if (fence >= 0) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, sync_wait(fence, 3500));
+        close(fence);
+    }
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc->rereadLockedBuffer(readBufferHandle));
 
@@ -1455,17 +1459,17 @@
      *  red             0.680   0.320
      *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
      */
-    std::optional<Smpte2086> smpte2086;
-    smpte2086->primaryRed.x = 0.680;
-    smpte2086->primaryRed.y = 0.320;
-    smpte2086->primaryGreen.x = 0.265;
-    smpte2086->primaryGreen.y = 0.690;
-    smpte2086->primaryBlue.x = 0.150;
-    smpte2086->primaryBlue.y = 0.060;
-    smpte2086->whitePoint.x = 0.3127;
-    smpte2086->whitePoint.y = 0.3290;
-    smpte2086->maxLuminance = 100.0;
-    smpte2086->minLuminance = 0.1;
+    Smpte2086 smpte2086;
+    smpte2086.primaryRed.x = 0.680;
+    smpte2086.primaryRed.y = 0.320;
+    smpte2086.primaryGreen.x = 0.265;
+    smpte2086.primaryGreen.y = 0.690;
+    smpte2086.primaryBlue.x = 0.150;
+    smpte2086.primaryBlue.y = 0.060;
+    smpte2086.whitePoint.x = 0.3127;
+    smpte2086.whitePoint.y = 0.3290;
+    smpte2086.maxLuminance = 100.0;
+    smpte2086.minLuminance = 0.1;
 
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2086(smpte2086, &vec));
@@ -1475,16 +1479,16 @@
                 std::optional<Smpte2086> realSmpte2086;
                 ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2086(vec, &realSmpte2086));
                 ASSERT_TRUE(realSmpte2086.has_value());
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->primaryRed.x, realSmpte2086->primaryRed.x);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->primaryRed.y, realSmpte2086->primaryRed.y);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->primaryGreen.x, realSmpte2086->primaryGreen.x);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->primaryGreen.y, realSmpte2086->primaryGreen.y);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->primaryBlue.x, realSmpte2086->primaryBlue.x);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->primaryBlue.y, realSmpte2086->primaryBlue.y);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->whitePoint.x, realSmpte2086->whitePoint.x);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->whitePoint.y, realSmpte2086->whitePoint.y);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->maxLuminance, realSmpte2086->maxLuminance);
-                EXPECT_EQ(smpte2086->minLuminance, realSmpte2086->minLuminance);
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.primaryRed.x, realSmpte2086->primaryRed.x));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.primaryRed.y, realSmpte2086->primaryRed.y));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.primaryGreen.x, realSmpte2086->primaryGreen.x));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.primaryGreen.y, realSmpte2086->primaryGreen.y));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.primaryBlue.x, realSmpte2086->primaryBlue.x));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.primaryBlue.y, realSmpte2086->primaryBlue.y));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.whitePoint.x, realSmpte2086->whitePoint.x));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.whitePoint.y, realSmpte2086->whitePoint.y));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.maxLuminance, realSmpte2086->maxLuminance));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(smpte2086.minLuminance, realSmpte2086->minLuminance));
             });
 }
 
@@ -1492,9 +1496,9 @@
  * Test IMapper::set(Cta8613)
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, SetCta861_3) {
-    std::optional<Cta861_3> cta861_3;
-    cta861_3->maxContentLightLevel = 78.0;
-    cta861_3->maxFrameAverageLightLevel = 62.0;
+    Cta861_3 cta861_3;
+    cta861_3.maxContentLightLevel = 78.0;
+    cta861_3.maxFrameAverageLightLevel = 62.0;
 
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeCta861_3(cta861_3, &vec));
@@ -1504,9 +1508,10 @@
                 std::optional<Cta861_3> realCta861_3;
                 ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeCta861_3(vec, &realCta861_3));
                 ASSERT_TRUE(realCta861_3.has_value());
-                EXPECT_EQ(cta861_3->maxContentLightLevel, realCta861_3->maxContentLightLevel);
-                EXPECT_EQ(cta861_3->maxFrameAverageLightLevel,
-                          realCta861_3->maxFrameAverageLightLevel);
+                EXPECT_TRUE(
+                        isEqual(cta861_3.maxContentLightLevel, realCta861_3->maxContentLightLevel));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(isEqual(cta861_3.maxFrameAverageLightLevel,
+                                    realCta861_3->maxFrameAverageLightLevel));
             });
 }
 
diff --git a/health/2.0/default/HealthImplDefault.cpp b/health/2.0/default/HealthImplDefault.cpp
index e3cbefd..08fee9e 100644
--- a/health/2.0/default/HealthImplDefault.cpp
+++ b/health/2.0/default/HealthImplDefault.cpp
@@ -21,18 +21,6 @@
 using android::hardware::health::V2_0::implementation::Health;
 
 static struct healthd_config gHealthdConfig = {
-    .batteryStatusPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryHealthPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryPresentPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCapacityPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryVoltagePath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryTemperaturePath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryTechnologyPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCurrentNowPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCurrentAvgPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryChargeCounterPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryFullChargePath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCycleCountPath = android::String8(android::String8::kEmptyString),
     .energyCounter = nullptr,
     .boot_min_cap = 0,
     .screen_on = nullptr};
diff --git a/health/utils/libhealthloop/utils.cpp b/health/utils/libhealthloop/utils.cpp
index 053fd19..cd8c7a9 100644
--- a/health/utils/libhealthloop/utils.cpp
+++ b/health/utils/libhealthloop/utils.cpp
@@ -28,21 +28,6 @@
     *healthd_config = {
             .periodic_chores_interval_fast = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST,
             .periodic_chores_interval_slow = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW,
-            .batteryStatusPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryHealthPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryPresentPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryCapacityPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryVoltagePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryTemperaturePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryTechnologyPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryCurrentNowPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryCurrentAvgPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryChargeCounterPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryFullChargePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryCycleCountPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryCapacityLevelPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryChargeTimeToFullNowPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-            .batteryFullChargeDesignCapacityUahPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
             .energyCounter = NULL,
             .boot_min_cap = 0,
             .screen_on = NULL,
diff --git a/radio/1.5/IRadio.hal b/radio/1.5/IRadio.hal
index 87824e2..956f9bd 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/IRadio.hal
+++ b/radio/1.5/IRadio.hal
@@ -325,11 +325,15 @@
     oneway sendCdmaSmsExpectMore(int32_t serial, CdmaSmsMessage sms);
 
     /**
-     * Requests that deactivates one category of the device personalization.
+     * Request that deactivates one category of device personalization. Device personalization
+     * generally binds the device so it can only be used on one carrier or even one carrier subnet
+     * (See TS 22.022). When the user has gained the rights to unbind the device (at the end of a
+     * contract period or other event), the controlKey will be delivered to either the user for
+     * manual entry or to a carrier app on the device for automatic entry.
      *
      * @param serial Serial number of request.
      * @param persoType SIM personalization type.
-     * @param controlKey depersonalization code corresponding to persoType
+     * @param controlKey the unlock code for removing persoType personalization from this device
      *
      * Response function is IRadioResponse.supplySimDepersonalizationResponse()
      */
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/Android.bp b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 85c4f99..cd30f7d 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@
         "android.hardware.radio.config@1.1",
     ],
     header_libs: ["radio.util.header@1.0"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests"]
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"]
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest.cpp b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest.cpp
index 5f11d19..31466c5 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/VtsHalRadioV1_5TargetTest.cpp
@@ -16,11 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_5.h>
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance());
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
-    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
-    return status;
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerInstance, RadioHidlTest_v1_5,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(
+                                 android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio::descriptor)),
+                         android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index 435bd23..003f58e 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() with invalid hysteresisDb
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_invalidHysteresisDb) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_invalidHysteresisDb) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() with empty thresholds
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_EmptyThresholds) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_EmptyThresholds) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for GERAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Geran) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Geran) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for UTRAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Utran) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Utran) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for EUTRAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Eutran_RSRP) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Eutran_RSRP) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for EUTRAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Eutran_RSRQ) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Eutran_RSRQ) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for EUTRAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Eutran_RSSNR) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Eutran_RSSNR) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for CDMA2000
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Cdma2000) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Cdma2000) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for NGRAN_SSRSRP
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_NGRAN_SSRSRP) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_NGRAN_SSRSRP) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for NGRAN_SSRSRQ
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_NGRAN_SSRSRQ) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_NGRAN_SSRSRQ) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for EUTRAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Disable_RSSNR) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_Disable_RSSNR) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5() for NGRAN_SSSINR
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_NGRAN_SSSINR) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_1_5_NGRAN_SSSINR) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::SignalThresholdInfo signalThresholdInfo;
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5() invalid hysteresisDlKbps
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_invalidHysteresisDlKbps) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_invalidHysteresisDlKbps) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_5->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5(
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5() invalid hysteresisUlKbps
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_invalidHysteresisUlKbps) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_invalidHysteresisUlKbps) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_5->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5(
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5() empty params
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_emptyParams) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_emptyParams) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_5->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5(
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5() for GERAN
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_Geran) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5_Geran) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_5->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5(
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.enableUiccApplications() for the response returned.
  * For SIM ABSENT case.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, togglingUiccApplicationsSimAbsent) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, togglingUiccApplicationsSimAbsent) {
     // This test case only test SIM ABSENT case.
     if (cardStatus.base.base.cardState != CardState::ABSENT) return;
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.enableUiccApplications() for the response returned.
  * For SIM PRESENT case.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, togglingUiccApplicationsSimPresent) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, togglingUiccApplicationsSimPresent) {
     // This test case only test SIM ABSENT case.
     if (cardStatus.base.base.cardState != CardState::PRESENT) return;
 
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.areUiccApplicationsEnabled() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, areUiccApplicationsEnabled) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, areUiccApplicationsEnabled) {
     // Disable Uicc applications.
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     radio_v1_5->areUiccApplicationsEnabled(serial);
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setSystemSelectionChannels_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSystemSelectionChannels_1_5) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setSystemSelectionChannels_1_5) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid specifier.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::NetworkScanRequest request = {.type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid interval (lower boundary).
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval1) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid interval (upper boundary).
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval2) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid max search time (lower boundary).
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime1) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid max search time (upper boundary).
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime2) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid periodicity (lower boundary).
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity1) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with invalid periodicity (upper boundary).
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity2) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with valid periodicity
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest1) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan_1_5() with valid periodicity and plmns
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest2) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier::Bands rasBands;
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setupDataCall_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setupDataCall_1_5) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setupDataCall_1_5) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::AccessNetwork accessNetwork =
@@ -975,7 +975,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setInitialAttachApn_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setInitialAttachApn_1_5) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setInitialAttachApn_1_5) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a dataProfileInfo
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setDataProfile_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setDataProfile_1_5) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setDataProfile_1_5) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a dataProfileInfo
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setRadioPower_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setRadioPower_1_5_emergencyCall_cancelled) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setRadioPower_1_5_emergencyCall_cancelled) {
     // Set radio power to off.
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     radio_v1_5->setRadioPower_1_5(serial, false, false, false);
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.setNetworkSelectionModeManual_1_5() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setNetworkSelectionModeManual_1_5) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, setNetworkSelectionModeManual_1_5) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // can't camp on nonexistent MCCMNC, so we expect this to fail.
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.sendCdmaSmsExpectMore() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, sendCdmaSmsExpectMore) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, sendCdmaSmsExpectMore) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@
 /*
  * Test IRadio.getBarringInfo() for the response returned.
  */
-TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, getBarringInfo) {
+TEST_P(RadioHidlTest_v1_5, getBarringInfo) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_5->getBarringInfo(serial);
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index a5d236d..ca6bbeb 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -17,19 +17,7 @@
 #include <radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_5.h>
 
 void RadioHidlTest_v1_5::SetUp() {
-    radio_v1_5 = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<
-            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio>(
-            RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()
-                    ->getServiceName<::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio>(
-                            hidl_string(RADIO_SERVICE_NAME)));
-    if (radio_v1_5 == NULL) {
-        sleep(60);
-        radio_v1_5 = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<
-                ::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio>(
-                RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()
-                        ->getServiceName<::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio>(
-                                hidl_string(RADIO_SERVICE_NAME)));
-    }
+    radio_v1_5 = android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio::getService(GetParam());
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_v1_5.get());
 
     radioRsp_v1_5 = new (std::nothrow) RadioResponse_v1_5(*this);
@@ -48,10 +36,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_v1_5->rspInfo.error);
 
     sp<::android::hardware::radio::config::V1_1::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
-            ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<
-                    ::android::hardware::radio::config::V1_1::IRadioConfig>();
-
-    /* Enforce Vts tesing with RadioConfig is existed. */
+            ::android::hardware::radio::config::V1_1::IRadioConfig::getService();
+    /* Enforce Vts testing with RadioConfig is existed. */
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
 
     /* Enforce Vts Testing with Sim Status Present only. */
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_5.h b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_5.h
index a7c1cdc..6488609 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_5.h
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_5.h
@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#pragma once
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -799,24 +803,8 @@
             /*barringInfos*/);
 };
 
-// Test environment for Radio HIDL HAL.
-class RadioHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-  public:
-    // get the test environment singleton
-    static RadioHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
-        static RadioHidlEnvironment* instance = new RadioHidlEnvironment;
-        return instance;
-    }
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
-        registerTestService<::android::hardware::radio::V1_5::IRadio>();
-    }
-
-  private:
-    RadioHidlEnvironment() {}
-};
-
 // The main test class for Radio HIDL.
-class RadioHidlTest_v1_5 : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class RadioHidlTest_v1_5 : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     std::mutex mtx_;
     std::condition_variable cv_;