diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp
index 638af9f..a7f4031 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "fingerprint_hidl_hal_test"
 
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/hardware/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/IBiometricsFingerprint.h>
 #include <android/hardware/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/IBiometricsFingerprintClientCallback.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <future>
@@ -179,10 +180,23 @@
   std::promise<void> promise;
 };
 
+// Test environment for Fingerprint HIDL HAL.
+class FingerprintHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+ public:
+  // get the test environment singleton
+  static FingerprintHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+    static FingerprintHidlEnvironment* instance = new FingerprintHidlEnvironment;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IBiometricsFingerprint>(); }
+};
+
 class FingerprintHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
  public:
   virtual void SetUp() override {
-    mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IBiometricsFingerprint>();
+    mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IBiometricsFingerprint>(
+        FingerprintHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IBiometricsFingerprint>());
     ASSERT_FALSE(mService == nullptr);
 
     // Create an active group
@@ -454,7 +468,9 @@
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(FingerprintHidlEnvironment::Instance());
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  FingerprintHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
   int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
   LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
   return status;
diff --git a/cas/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCasV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/cas/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCasV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index d3b0f1d..1218307 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCasV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCasV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "mediacas_hidl_hal_test"
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/hardware/cas/1.0/ICas.h>
 #include <android/hardware/cas/1.0/ICasListener.h>
@@ -206,10 +207,23 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mEventData == eventData);
 }
 
+// Test environment for Cas HIDL HAL.
+class CasHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static CasHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static CasHidlEnvironment* instance = new CasHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IMediaCasService>(); }
+};
+
 class MediaCasHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IMediaCasService>();
+        mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IMediaCasService>(
+            CasHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IMediaCasService>());
         ASSERT_NE(mService, nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -616,7 +630,9 @@
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(CasHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    CasHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
     return status;
diff --git a/configstore/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalConfigstoreV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/configstore/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalConfigstoreV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index e501580..a1676be 100644
--- a/configstore/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalConfigstoreV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/configstore/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalConfigstoreV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "ConfigstoreHidlHalTest"
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/types.h>
@@ -34,13 +35,25 @@
 #define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
 #define EXPECT_OK(ret) EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
 
+// Test environment for Configstore HIDL HAL.
+class ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment* instance = new ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<ISurfaceFlingerConfigs>(); }
+};
+
 class ConfigstoreHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     sp<ISurfaceFlingerConfigs> sfConfigs;
 
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        sfConfigs = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<
-            ISurfaceFlingerConfigs>();
+        sfConfigs = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<ISurfaceFlingerConfigs>(
+            ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<ISurfaceFlingerConfigs>());
         ASSERT_NE(sfConfigs, nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -119,7 +132,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ConfigstoreHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
     return status;
diff --git a/dumpstate/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalDumpstateV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/dumpstate/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalDumpstateV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 046bf56..20fa6d2 100644
--- a/dumpstate/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalDumpstateV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/dumpstate/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalDumpstateV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -21,15 +21,29 @@
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
 using ::android::hardware::dumpstate::V1_0::IDumpstateDevice;
 using ::android::hardware::Return;
 using ::android::sp;
 
+// Test environment for Dumpstate HIDL HAL.
+class DumpstateHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static DumpstateHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static DumpstateHidlEnvironment* instance = new DumpstateHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IDumpstateDevice>(); }
+};
+
 class DumpstateHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        dumpstate = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDumpstateDevice>();
+        dumpstate = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDumpstateDevice>(
+            DumpstateHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IDumpstateDevice>());
         ASSERT_NE(dumpstate, nullptr) << "Could not get HIDL instance";
     }
 
@@ -105,7 +119,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(DumpstateHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    DumpstateHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
     return status;
diff --git a/gatekeeper/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGatekeeperV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/gatekeeper/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGatekeeperV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index e9a44eb..715e9fc 100644
--- a/gatekeeper/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGatekeeperV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeper/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGatekeeperV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
@@ -77,6 +78,20 @@
   return auth_token;
 }
 
+// Test environment for Gatekeeper HIDL HAL.
+class GatekeeperHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+ public:
+  // get the test environment singleton
+  static GatekeeperHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+    static GatekeeperHidlEnvironment* instance = new GatekeeperHidlEnvironment;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IGatekeeper>(); }
+ private:
+  GatekeeperHidlEnvironment() {}
+};
+
 // The main test class for Gatekeeper HIDL HAL.
 class GatekeeperHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
  protected:
@@ -189,7 +204,8 @@
   GatekeeperHidlTest() : uid_(0) {}
   virtual void SetUp() override {
     GatekeeperResponse rsp;
-    gatekeeper_ = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IGatekeeper>();
+    gatekeeper_ = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IGatekeeper>(
+        GatekeeperHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IGatekeeper>());
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, gatekeeper_.get());
     doDeleteAllUsers(rsp);
   }
@@ -433,7 +449,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(GatekeeperHidlEnvironment::Instance());
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  GatekeeperHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
   int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
   ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
   return status;
diff --git a/ir/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalIrV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/ir/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalIrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index a017404..5fd2dd4 100644
--- a/ir/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalIrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/ir/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalIrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/ir/1.0/types.h>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 using ::android::hardware::ir::V1_0::IConsumerIr;
@@ -30,11 +31,26 @@
 using ::android::hardware::Return;
 using ::android::sp;
 
+// Test environment for Ir
+class ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+ public:
+  // get the test environment singleton
+  static ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+    static ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment* instance = new ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IConsumerIr>(); }
+ private:
+  ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment() {}
+};
+
 // The main test class for IR HIDL HAL.
 class ConsumerIrHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
  public:
   virtual void SetUp() override {
-    ir = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IConsumerIr>();
+    ir = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IConsumerIr>(
+      ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IConsumerIr>());
     ASSERT_NE(ir, nullptr);
   }
 
@@ -77,7 +93,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment::Instance());
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  ConsumerIrHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
   int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
   LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
   return status;
diff --git a/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index e7b222a..d5c006e 100644
--- a/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -33,19 +33,14 @@
 #include "key_param_output.h"
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
 #include "attestation_record.h"
 #include "openssl_utils.h"
 
 using ::android::sp;
-
 using ::std::string;
 
-// This service_name will be passed to getService when retrieving the keymaster service to test.  To
-// change it from "default" specify the selected service name on the command line.  The first
-// non-gtest argument will be used as the service name.
-string service_name = "default";
-
 static bool arm_deleteAllKeys = false;
 static bool dump_Attestations = false;
 
@@ -417,6 +412,20 @@
 
 }  // namespace
 
+// Test environment for Keymaster HIDL HAL.
+class KeymasterHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static KeymasterHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static KeymasterHidlEnvironment* instance = new KeymasterHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IKeymasterDevice>(); }
+   private:
+    KeymasterHidlEnvironment() {}
+};
+
 class KeymasterHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
   public:
     void TearDown() override {
@@ -428,7 +437,8 @@
 
     // SetUpTestCase runs only once per test case, not once per test.
     static void SetUpTestCase() {
-        keymaster_ = IKeymasterDevice::getService(service_name);
+        keymaster_ = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IKeymasterDevice>(
+            KeymasterHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IKeymasterDevice>());
         ASSERT_NE(keymaster_, nullptr);
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(
@@ -4190,8 +4200,10 @@
 }  // namespace android
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    using android::hardware::keymaster::V3_0::test::KeymasterHidlEnvironment;
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(KeymasterHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    std::vector<std::string> positional_args;
+    KeymasterHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
         if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
             if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--arm_deleteAllKeys") {
@@ -4200,14 +4212,8 @@
             if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--dump_attestations") {
                 dump_Attestations = true;
             }
-        } else {
-            positional_args.push_back(argv[i]);
         }
     }
-    if (positional_args.size()) {
-        ALOGI("Running keymaster VTS against service \"%s\"", positional_args[0].c_str());
-        service_name = positional_args[0];
-    }
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
     return status;
diff --git a/oemlock/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalOemLockV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/oemlock/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalOemLockV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index a924fec..05462a8 100644
--- a/oemlock/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalOemLockV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/oemlock/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalOemLockV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-
 #include <android/hardware/oemlock/1.0/IOemLock.h>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
 using ::android::hardware::oemlock::V1_0::IOemLock;
 using ::android::hardware::oemlock::V1_0::OemLockStatus;
@@ -25,9 +25,22 @@
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
 using ::android::sp;
 
+// Test environment for OemLock HIDL HAL.
+class OemLockHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static OemLockHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static OemLockHidlEnvironment* instance = new OemLockHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IOemLock>(); }
+};
+
 struct OemLockHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        oemlock = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOemLock>();
+        oemlock = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOemLock>(
+            OemLockHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IOemLock>());
         ASSERT_NE(oemlock, nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -187,3 +200,12 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(status, OemLockStatus::OK);
     ASSERT_EQ(allowed, originallyAllowed);
 };
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(OemLockHidlEnvironment::Instance());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    OemLockHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
+    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+    ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
+    return status;
+}
diff --git a/radio/1.2/Android.bp b/radio/1.2/Android.bp
index 552e33d..48ac5a1 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/Android.bp
+++ b/radio/1.2/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
     types: [
+        "AccessNetwork",
         "AudioQuality",
         "Call",
         "CardStatus",
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
         "CellInfoGsm",
         "CellInfoLte",
         "CellInfoWcdma",
+        "DataRequestReason",
         "IncrementalResultsPeriodicityRange",
         "IndicationFilter",
         "LinkCapacityEstimate",
diff --git a/tetheroffload/config/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadConfigV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/tetheroffload/config/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadConfigV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 2cbe479..0ee9eb4 100644
--- a/tetheroffload/config/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadConfigV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/tetheroffload/config/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadConfigV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "VtsOffloadConfigV1_0TargetTest"
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <android/hardware/tetheroffload/config/1.0/IOffloadConfig.h>
@@ -77,10 +78,25 @@
     return netlinkSocket(NETLINK_NETFILTER, groups);
 }
 
+// Test environment for OffloadConfig HIDL HAL.
+class OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment* instance = new OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IOffloadConfig>(); }
+   private:
+    OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment() {}
+};
+
 class OffloadConfigHidlTest : public testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        config = testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOffloadConfig>();
+        config = testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOffloadConfig>(
+            OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IOffloadConfig>());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, config.get()) << "Could not get HIDL instance";
     }
 
@@ -175,7 +191,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment::Instance());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    OffloadConfigHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     ALOGE("Test result with status=%d", status);
     return status;
diff --git a/tetheroffload/control/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadControlV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/tetheroffload/control/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadControlV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index c009af5..c5e8021 100644
--- a/tetheroffload/control/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadControlV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/tetheroffload/control/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalTetheroffloadControlV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <android/hardware/tetheroffload/config/1.0/IOffloadConfig.h>
@@ -111,6 +112,23 @@
     NatTimeoutUpdate last_params;
 };
 
+// Test environment for OffloadControl HIDL HAL.
+class OffloadControlHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static OffloadControlHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static OffloadControlHidlEnvironment* instance = new OffloadControlHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
+        registerTestService<IOffloadConfig>();
+        registerTestService<IOffloadControl>();
+    }
+   private:
+    OffloadControlHidlEnvironment() {}
+};
+
 class OffloadControlHidlTestBase : public testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
@@ -128,7 +146,8 @@
     // The IOffloadConfig HAL is tested more thoroughly elsewhere. He we just
     // setup everything correctly and verify basic readiness.
     void setupConfigHal() {
-        config = testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOffloadConfig>();
+        config = testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOffloadConfig>(
+            OffloadControlHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IOffloadConfig>());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, config.get()) << "Could not get HIDL instance";
 
         unique_fd fd1(conntrackSocket(NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_NEW | NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_DESTROY));
@@ -156,7 +175,8 @@
     }
 
     void prepareControlHal() {
-        control = testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOffloadControl>();
+        control = testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IOffloadControl>(
+            OffloadControlHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IOffloadControl>());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, control.get()) << "Could not get HIDL instance";
 
         control_cb = new TetheringOffloadCallback();
@@ -660,7 +680,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(OffloadControlHidlEnvironment::Instance());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    OffloadControlHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     ALOGE("Test result with status=%d", status);
     return status;
diff --git a/usb/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/usb/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index e01b974..ee7ef1b 100644
--- a/usb/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/usb/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/usb/1.0/types.h>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <chrono>
@@ -48,6 +49,18 @@
 using ::android::hardware::Void;
 using ::android::sp;
 
+// Test environment for Usb HIDL HAL.
+class UsbHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+ public:
+  // get the test environment singleton
+  static UsbHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+    static UsbHidlEnvironment* instance = new UsbHidlEnvironment;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IUsb>(); }
+};
+
 // The main test class for the USB hidl HAL
 class UsbHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
  public:
@@ -96,7 +109,8 @@
 
   virtual void SetUp() override {
     ALOGI("Setup");
-    usb = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IUsb>();
+    usb = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IUsb>(
+        UsbHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IUsb>());
     ASSERT_NE(usb, nullptr);
 
     usb_cb_2 = new UsbCallback(*this, 2);
@@ -343,7 +357,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(UsbHidlEnvironment::Instance());
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  UsbHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
   int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
   ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
   return status;
diff --git a/usb/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/usb/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_1TargetTest.cpp
index 8a30993..c990b23 100644
--- a/usb/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/usb/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalUsbV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <chrono>
@@ -113,12 +114,25 @@
     };
 };
 
+// Test environment for Usb HIDL HAL.
+class UsbHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static UsbHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static UsbHidlEnvironment* instance = new UsbHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IUsb>(); }
+};
+
 // The main test class for the USB hidl HAL
 class UsbHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
         ALOGI(__FUNCTION__);
-        usb = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IUsb>();
+        usb = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IUsb>(
+            UsbHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IUsb>());
         ASSERT_NE(usb, nullptr);
 
         usb_cb_2 = new UsbCallback(2);
@@ -169,7 +183,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(UsbHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    UsbHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
     return status;
diff --git a/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 23f4c71..b165613 100644
--- a/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vr/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalVrV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "vr_hidl_hal_test"
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/hardware/vr/1.0/IVr.h>
 #include <hardware/vr.h>
@@ -26,11 +27,24 @@
 using ::android::hardware::Void;
 using ::android::sp;
 
+// Test environment for Vr HIDL HAL.
+class VrHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+ public:
+  // get the test environment singleton
+  static VrHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+    static VrHidlEnvironment* instance = new VrHidlEnvironment;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IVr>(); }
+};
+
 // The main test class for VR HIDL HAL.
 class VrHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
  public:
   void SetUp() override {
-    vr = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IVr>();
+    vr = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IVr>(
+        VrHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IVr>());
     ASSERT_NE(vr, nullptr);
   }
 
@@ -39,16 +53,6 @@
   sp<IVr> vr;
 };
 
-
-// A class for test environment setup (kept since this file is a template).
-class VrHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
- public:
-  void SetUp() {}
-  void TearDown() {}
-
- private:
-};
-
 // Sanity check that Vr::init does not crash.
 TEST_F(VrHidlTest, Init) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(vr->init().isOk());
@@ -72,8 +76,9 @@
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new VrHidlEnvironment);
+  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(VrHidlEnvironment::Instance());
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  VrHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
   int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
   ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
   return status;
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 372d787..de2a1de 100644
--- a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
 using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::IWeaver;
 using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverConfig;
@@ -33,9 +34,22 @@
 const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
 const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
 
+// Test environment for Weaver HIDL HAL.
+class WeaverHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static WeaverHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static WeaverHidlEnvironment* instance = new WeaverHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IWeaver>(); }
+};
+
 struct WeaverHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        weaver = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IWeaver>();
+        weaver = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IWeaver>(
+            WeaverHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IWeaver>());
         ASSERT_NE(weaver, nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -334,3 +348,12 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
 }
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(WeaverHidlEnvironment::Instance());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    WeaverHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
+    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+    ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
+    return status;
+}