libs/binder/Parcel.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2005 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define LOG_TAG "Parcel"
//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <binder/Binder.h>
#include <binder/BpBinder.h>
#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
#include <binder/Parcel.h>
#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
#include <binder/Stability.h>
#include <binder/Status.h>
#include <binder/TextOutput.h>

#include <cutils/ashmem.h>
#include <utils/Debug.h>
#include <utils/Flattenable.h>
#include <utils/Log.h>
#include <utils/misc.h>
#include <utils/String8.h>
#include <utils/String16.h>

#include <private/binder/binder_module.h>
#include "Static.h"

#define LOG_REFS(...)
//#define LOG_REFS(...) ALOG(LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)
#define LOG_ALLOC(...)
//#define LOG_ALLOC(...) ALOG(LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// This macro should never be used at runtime, as a too large value
// of s could cause an integer overflow. Instead, you should always
// use the wrapper function pad_size()
#define PAD_SIZE_UNSAFE(s) (((s)+3)&~3)

static size_t pad_size(size_t s) {
    if (s > (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - 3)) {
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("pad size too big %zu", s);
    }
    return PAD_SIZE_UNSAFE(s);
}

// Note: must be kept in sync with android/os/StrictMode.java's PENALTY_GATHER
#define STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER (1 << 31)

namespace android {

// many things compile this into prebuilts on the stack
static_assert(sizeof(Parcel) == 60 || sizeof(Parcel) == 120);

static pthread_mutex_t gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static size_t gParcelGlobalAllocSize = 0;
static size_t gParcelGlobalAllocCount = 0;

static size_t gMaxFds = 0;

// Maximum size of a blob to transfer in-place.
static const size_t BLOB_INPLACE_LIMIT = 16 * 1024;

enum {
    BLOB_INPLACE = 0,
    BLOB_ASHMEM_IMMUTABLE = 1,
    BLOB_ASHMEM_MUTABLE = 2,
};

static void acquire_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
    const flat_binder_object& obj, const void* who, size_t* outAshmemSize)
{
    switch (obj.hdr.type) {
        case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
            if (obj.binder) {
                LOG_REFS("Parcel %p acquiring reference on local %p", who, obj.cookie);
                reinterpret_cast<IBinder*>(obj.cookie)->incStrong(who);
            }
            return;
        case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE: {
            const sp<IBinder> b = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(obj.handle);
            if (b != nullptr) {
                LOG_REFS("Parcel %p acquiring reference on remote %p", who, b.get());
                b->incStrong(who);
            }
            return;
        }
        case BINDER_TYPE_FD: {
            if ((obj.cookie != 0) && (outAshmemSize != nullptr) && ashmem_valid(obj.handle)) {
                // If we own an ashmem fd, keep track of how much memory it refers to.
                int size = ashmem_get_size_region(obj.handle);
                if (size > 0) {
                    *outAshmemSize += size;
                }
            }
            return;
        }
    }

    ALOGD("Invalid object type 0x%08x", obj.hdr.type);
}

static void release_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
    const flat_binder_object& obj, const void* who, size_t* outAshmemSize)
{
    switch (obj.hdr.type) {
        case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
            if (obj.binder) {
                LOG_REFS("Parcel %p releasing reference on local %p", who, obj.cookie);
                reinterpret_cast<IBinder*>(obj.cookie)->decStrong(who);
            }
            return;
        case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE: {
            const sp<IBinder> b = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(obj.handle);
            if (b != nullptr) {
                LOG_REFS("Parcel %p releasing reference on remote %p", who, b.get());
                b->decStrong(who);
            }
            return;
        }
        case BINDER_TYPE_FD: {
            if (obj.cookie != 0) { // owned
                if ((outAshmemSize != nullptr) && ashmem_valid(obj.handle)) {
                    int size = ashmem_get_size_region(obj.handle);
                    if (size > 0) {
                        // ashmem size might have changed since last time it was accounted for, e.g.
                        // in acquire_object(). Value of *outAshmemSize is not critical since we are
                        // releasing the object anyway. Check for integer overflow condition.
                        *outAshmemSize -= std::min(*outAshmemSize, static_cast<size_t>(size));
                    }
                }

                close(obj.handle);
            }
            return;
        }
    }

    ALOGE("Invalid object type 0x%08x", obj.hdr.type);
}

status_t Parcel::finishFlattenBinder(
    const sp<IBinder>& binder, const flat_binder_object& flat)
{
    status_t status = writeObject(flat, false);
    if (status != OK) return status;

    internal::Stability::tryMarkCompilationUnit(binder.get());
    return writeInt32(internal::Stability::get(binder.get()));
}

status_t Parcel::finishUnflattenBinder(
    const sp<IBinder>& binder, sp<IBinder>* out) const
{
    int32_t stability;
    status_t status = readInt32(&stability);
    if (status != OK) return status;

    status = internal::Stability::set(binder.get(), stability, true /*log*/);
    if (status != OK) return status;

    *out = binder;
    return OK;
}

static constexpr inline int schedPolicyMask(int policy, int priority) {
    return (priority & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_PRIORITY_MASK) | ((policy & 3) << FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_SCHED_POLICY_SHIFT);
}

status_t Parcel::flattenBinder(const sp<IBinder>& binder)
{
    flat_binder_object obj;
    obj.flags = FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;

    int schedBits = 0;
    if (!IPCThreadState::self()->backgroundSchedulingDisabled()) {
        schedBits = schedPolicyMask(SCHED_NORMAL, 19);
    }

    if (binder != nullptr) {
        BBinder *local = binder->localBinder();
        if (!local) {
            BpBinder *proxy = binder->remoteBinder();
            if (proxy == nullptr) {
                ALOGE("null proxy");
            }
            const int32_t handle = proxy ? proxy->handle() : 0;
            obj.hdr.type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
            obj.binder = 0; /* Don't pass uninitialized stack data to a remote process */
            obj.handle = handle;
            obj.cookie = 0;
        } else {
            int policy = local->getMinSchedulerPolicy();
            int priority = local->getMinSchedulerPriority();

            if (policy != 0 || priority != 0) {
                // override value, since it is set explicitly
                schedBits = schedPolicyMask(policy, priority);
            }
            if (local->isRequestingSid()) {
                obj.flags |= FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_TXN_SECURITY_CTX;
            }
            obj.hdr.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
            obj.binder = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(local->getWeakRefs());
            obj.cookie = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(local);
        }
    } else {
        obj.hdr.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
        obj.binder = 0;
        obj.cookie = 0;
    }

    obj.flags |= schedBits;

    return finishFlattenBinder(binder, obj);
}

status_t Parcel::unflattenBinder(sp<IBinder>* out) const
{
    const flat_binder_object* flat = readObject(false);

    if (flat) {
        switch (flat->hdr.type) {
            case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER: {
                sp<IBinder> binder = reinterpret_cast<IBinder*>(flat->cookie);
                return finishUnflattenBinder(binder, out);
            }
            case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE: {
                sp<IBinder> binder =
                    ProcessState::self()->getStrongProxyForHandle(flat->handle);
                return finishUnflattenBinder(binder, out);
            }
        }
    }
    return BAD_TYPE;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Parcel::Parcel()
{
    LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: constructing", this);
    initState();
}

Parcel::~Parcel()
{
    freeDataNoInit();
    LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: destroyed", this);
}

size_t Parcel::getGlobalAllocSize() {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
    size_t size = gParcelGlobalAllocSize;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
    return size;
}

size_t Parcel::getGlobalAllocCount() {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
    size_t count = gParcelGlobalAllocCount;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
    return count;
}

const uint8_t* Parcel::data() const
{
    return mData;
}

size_t Parcel::dataSize() const
{
    return (mDataSize > mDataPos ? mDataSize : mDataPos);
}

size_t Parcel::dataAvail() const
{
    size_t result = dataSize() - dataPosition();
    if (result > INT32_MAX) {
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("result too big: %zu", result);
    }
    return result;
}

size_t Parcel::dataPosition() const
{
    return mDataPos;
}

size_t Parcel::dataCapacity() const
{
    return mDataCapacity;
}

status_t Parcel::setDataSize(size_t size)
{
    if (size > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    status_t err;
    err = continueWrite(size);
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        mDataSize = size;
        ALOGV("setDataSize Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
    }
    return err;
}

void Parcel::setDataPosition(size_t pos) const
{
    if (pos > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("pos too big: %zu", pos);
    }

    mDataPos = pos;
    mNextObjectHint = 0;
    mObjectsSorted = false;
}

status_t Parcel::setDataCapacity(size_t size)
{
    if (size > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (size > mDataCapacity) return continueWrite(size);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t Parcel::setData(const uint8_t* buffer, size_t len)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    status_t err = restartWrite(len);
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        memcpy(const_cast<uint8_t*>(data()), buffer, len);
        mDataSize = len;
        mFdsKnown = false;
    }
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::appendFrom(const Parcel *parcel, size_t offset, size_t len)
{
    status_t err;
    const uint8_t *data = parcel->mData;
    const binder_size_t *objects = parcel->mObjects;
    size_t size = parcel->mObjectsSize;
    int startPos = mDataPos;
    int firstIndex = -1, lastIndex = -2;

    if (len == 0) {
        return NO_ERROR;
    }

    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    // range checks against the source parcel size
    if ((offset > parcel->mDataSize)
            || (len > parcel->mDataSize)
            || (offset + len > parcel->mDataSize)) {
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    // Count objects in range
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) size; i++) {
        size_t off = objects[i];
        if ((off >= offset) && (off + sizeof(flat_binder_object) <= offset + len)) {
            if (firstIndex == -1) {
                firstIndex = i;
            }
            lastIndex = i;
        }
    }
    int numObjects = lastIndex - firstIndex + 1;

    if ((mDataSize+len) > mDataCapacity) {
        // grow data
        err = growData(len);
        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
            return err;
        }
    }

    // append data
    memcpy(mData + mDataPos, data + offset, len);
    mDataPos += len;
    mDataSize += len;

    err = NO_ERROR;

    if (numObjects > 0) {
        const sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
        // grow objects
        if (mObjectsCapacity < mObjectsSize + numObjects) {
            if ((size_t) numObjects > SIZE_MAX - mObjectsSize) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
            if (mObjectsSize + numObjects > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
            size_t newSize = ((mObjectsSize + numObjects)*3)/2;
            if (newSize > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(binder_size_t)) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
            binder_size_t *objects =
                (binder_size_t*)realloc(mObjects, newSize*sizeof(binder_size_t));
            if (objects == (binder_size_t*)nullptr) {
                return NO_MEMORY;
            }
            mObjects = objects;
            mObjectsCapacity = newSize;
        }

        // append and acquire objects
        int idx = mObjectsSize;
        for (int i = firstIndex; i <= lastIndex; i++) {
            size_t off = objects[i] - offset + startPos;
            mObjects[idx++] = off;
            mObjectsSize++;

            flat_binder_object* flat
                = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData + off);
            acquire_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);

            if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
                // If this is a file descriptor, we need to dup it so the
                // new Parcel now owns its own fd, and can declare that we
                // officially know we have fds.
                flat->handle = fcntl(flat->handle, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
                flat->cookie = 1;
                mHasFds = mFdsKnown = true;
                if (!mAllowFds) {
                    err = FDS_NOT_ALLOWED;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return err;
}

int Parcel::compareData(const Parcel& other) {
    size_t size = dataSize();
    if (size != other.dataSize()) {
        return size < other.dataSize() ? -1 : 1;
    }
    return memcmp(data(), other.data(), size);
}

bool Parcel::allowFds() const
{
    return mAllowFds;
}

bool Parcel::pushAllowFds(bool allowFds)
{
    const bool origValue = mAllowFds;
    if (!allowFds) {
        mAllowFds = false;
    }
    return origValue;
}

void Parcel::restoreAllowFds(bool lastValue)
{
    mAllowFds = lastValue;
}

bool Parcel::hasFileDescriptors() const
{
    if (!mFdsKnown) {
        scanForFds();
    }
    return mHasFds;
}

void Parcel::updateWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition() const {
    // Only update the request headers once. We only want to point
    // to the first headers read/written.
    if (!mRequestHeaderPresent) {
        mWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition = dataPosition();
        mRequestHeaderPresent = true;
    }
}

#ifdef __ANDROID_APEX__
#error APEX cannot include libbinder. The wire protocol for libbinder is not\
    frozen, and including it in an APEX would also require APEX\
    servicemanagers which is not an options. Use libbinder_ndk instead.
#endif

#if defined(__ANDROID_VNDK__)
constexpr int32_t kHeader = B_PACK_CHARS('V', 'N', 'D', 'R');
#else
constexpr int32_t kHeader = B_PACK_CHARS('S', 'Y', 'S', 'T');
#endif

// Write RPC headers.  (previously just the interface token)
status_t Parcel::writeInterfaceToken(const String16& interface)
{
    const IPCThreadState* threadState = IPCThreadState::self();
    writeInt32(threadState->getStrictModePolicy() | STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
    updateWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition();
    writeInt32(threadState->shouldPropagateWorkSource() ?
            threadState->getCallingWorkSourceUid() : IPCThreadState::kUnsetWorkSource);
    writeInt32(kHeader);
    // currently the interface identification token is just its name as a string
    return writeString16(interface);
}

bool Parcel::replaceCallingWorkSourceUid(uid_t uid)
{
    if (!mRequestHeaderPresent) {
        return false;
    }

    const size_t initialPosition = dataPosition();
    setDataPosition(mWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition);
    status_t err = writeInt32(uid);
    setDataPosition(initialPosition);
    return err == NO_ERROR;
}

uid_t Parcel::readCallingWorkSourceUid() const
{
    if (!mRequestHeaderPresent) {
        return IPCThreadState::kUnsetWorkSource;
    }

    const size_t initialPosition = dataPosition();
    setDataPosition(mWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition);
    uid_t uid = readInt32();
    setDataPosition(initialPosition);
    return uid;
}

bool Parcel::checkInterface(IBinder* binder) const
{
    return enforceInterface(binder->getInterfaceDescriptor());
}

bool Parcel::enforceInterface(const String16& interface,
                              IPCThreadState* threadState) const
{
    return enforceInterface(interface.string(), interface.size(), threadState);
}

bool Parcel::enforceInterface(const char16_t* interface,
                              size_t len,
                              IPCThreadState* threadState) const
{
    // StrictModePolicy.
    int32_t strictPolicy = readInt32();
    if (threadState == nullptr) {
        threadState = IPCThreadState::self();
    }
    if ((threadState->getLastTransactionBinderFlags() &
         IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY) != 0) {
      // For one-way calls, the callee is running entirely
      // disconnected from the caller, so disable StrictMode entirely.
      // Not only does disk/network usage not impact the caller, but
      // there's no way to commuicate back any violations anyway.
      threadState->setStrictModePolicy(0);
    } else {
      threadState->setStrictModePolicy(strictPolicy);
    }
    // WorkSource.
    updateWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition();
    int32_t workSource = readInt32();
    threadState->setCallingWorkSourceUidWithoutPropagation(workSource);
    // vendor header
    int32_t header = readInt32();
    if (header != kHeader) {
        ALOGE("Expecting header 0x%x but found 0x%x. Mixing copies of libbinder?", kHeader, header);
        return false;
    }
    // Interface descriptor.
    size_t parcel_interface_len;
    const char16_t* parcel_interface = readString16Inplace(&parcel_interface_len);
    if (len == parcel_interface_len &&
            (!len || !memcmp(parcel_interface, interface, len * sizeof (char16_t)))) {
        return true;
    } else {
        ALOGW("**** enforceInterface() expected '%s' but read '%s'",
              String8(interface, len).string(),
              String8(parcel_interface, parcel_interface_len).string());
        return false;
    }
}

size_t Parcel::objectsCount() const
{
    return mObjectsSize;
}

status_t Parcel::errorCheck() const
{
    return mError;
}

void Parcel::setError(status_t err)
{
    mError = err;
}

status_t Parcel::finishWrite(size_t len)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    //printf("Finish write of %d\n", len);
    mDataPos += len;
    ALOGV("finishWrite Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
    if (mDataPos > mDataSize) {
        mDataSize = mDataPos;
        ALOGV("finishWrite Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
    }
    //printf("New pos=%d, size=%d\n", mDataPos, mDataSize);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t Parcel::writeUnpadded(const void* data, size_t len)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    size_t end = mDataPos + len;
    if (end < mDataPos) {
        // integer overflow
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (end <= mDataCapacity) {
restart_write:
        memcpy(mData+mDataPos, data, len);
        return finishWrite(len);
    }

    status_t err = growData(len);
    if (err == NO_ERROR) goto restart_write;
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::write(const void* data, size_t len)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    void* const d = writeInplace(len);
    if (d) {
        memcpy(d, data, len);
        return NO_ERROR;
    }
    return mError;
}

void* Parcel::writeInplace(size_t len)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return nullptr;
    }

    const size_t padded = pad_size(len);

    // sanity check for integer overflow
    if (mDataPos+padded < mDataPos) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    if ((mDataPos+padded) <= mDataCapacity) {
restart_write:
        //printf("Writing %ld bytes, padded to %ld\n", len, padded);
        uint8_t* const data = mData+mDataPos;

        // Need to pad at end?
        if (padded != len) {
#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
            static const uint32_t mask[4] = {
                0x00000000, 0xffffff00, 0xffff0000, 0xff000000
            };
#endif
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
            static const uint32_t mask[4] = {
                0x00000000, 0x00ffffff, 0x0000ffff, 0x000000ff
            };
#endif
            //printf("Applying pad mask: %p to %p\n", (void*)mask[padded-len],
            //    *reinterpret_cast<void**>(data+padded-4));
            *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(data+padded-4) &= mask[padded-len];
        }

        finishWrite(padded);
        return data;
    }

    status_t err = growData(padded);
    if (err == NO_ERROR) goto restart_write;
    return nullptr;
}

status_t Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::string& str) {
    const uint8_t* strData = (uint8_t*)str.data();
    const size_t strLen= str.length();
    const ssize_t utf16Len = utf8_to_utf16_length(strData, strLen);
    if (utf16Len < 0 || utf16Len > std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) {
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    status_t err = writeInt32(utf16Len);
    if (err) {
        return err;
    }

    // Allocate enough bytes to hold our converted string and its terminating NULL.
    void* dst = writeInplace((utf16Len + 1) * sizeof(char16_t));
    if (!dst) {
        return NO_MEMORY;
    }

    utf8_to_utf16(strData, strLen, (char16_t*)dst, (size_t) utf16Len + 1);

    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::optional<std::string>& str) {
  if (!str) {
    return writeInt32(-1);
  }
  return writeUtf8AsUtf16(*str);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& str) {
  if (!str) {
    return writeInt32(-1);
  }
  return writeUtf8AsUtf16(*str);
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVectorInternal(const int8_t* data, size_t size) {
    if (size > std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) {
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    status_t status = writeInt32(size);
    if (status != OK) {
        return status;
    }

    return write(data, size);
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::vector<int8_t>& val) {
    return writeByteVectorInternal(val.data(), val.size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>& val)
{
    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
    return writeByteVectorInternal(val->data(), val->size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>& val)
{
    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
    return writeByteVectorInternal(val->data(), val->size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::vector<uint8_t>& val) {
    return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val.data()), val.size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& val)
{
    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
    return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val->data()), val->size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& val)
{
    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
    return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val->data()), val->size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt32Vector(const std::vector<int32_t>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt32);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt32Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt32);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt32Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt32);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt64Vector(const std::vector<int64_t>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt64);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt64Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt64);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt64Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt64);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUint64Vector(const std::vector<uint64_t>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUint64);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUint64Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUint64);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUint64Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUint64);
}

status_t Parcel::writeFloatVector(const std::vector<float>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeFloat);
}

status_t Parcel::writeFloatVector(const std::optional<std::vector<float>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeFloat);
}

status_t Parcel::writeFloatVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeFloat);
}

status_t Parcel::writeDoubleVector(const std::vector<double>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeDouble);
}

status_t Parcel::writeDoubleVector(const std::optional<std::vector<double>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeDouble);
}

status_t Parcel::writeDoubleVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeDouble);
}

status_t Parcel::writeBoolVector(const std::vector<bool>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeBool);
}

status_t Parcel::writeBoolVector(const std::optional<std::vector<bool>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeBool);
}

status_t Parcel::writeBoolVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeBool);
}

status_t Parcel::writeCharVector(const std::vector<char16_t>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeChar);
}

status_t Parcel::writeCharVector(const std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeChar);
}

status_t Parcel::writeCharVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeChar);
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16Vector(const std::vector<String16>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeString16);
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16Vector(
        const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeString16);
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16Vector(
        const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<String16>>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeString16);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(
                        const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& val) {
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(
                        const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& val) {
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(const std::vector<std::string>& val) {
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt32(int32_t val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUint32(uint32_t val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt32Array(size_t len, const int32_t *val) {
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (!val) {
        return writeInt32(-1);
    }
    status_t ret = writeInt32(static_cast<uint32_t>(len));
    if (ret == NO_ERROR) {
        ret = write(val, len * sizeof(*val));
    }
    return ret;
}
status_t Parcel::writeByteArray(size_t len, const uint8_t *val) {
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (!val) {
        return writeInt32(-1);
    }
    status_t ret = writeInt32(static_cast<uint32_t>(len));
    if (ret == NO_ERROR) {
        ret = write(val, len * sizeof(*val));
    }
    return ret;
}

status_t Parcel::writeBool(bool val)
{
    return writeInt32(int32_t(val));
}

status_t Parcel::writeChar(char16_t val)
{
    return writeInt32(int32_t(val));
}

status_t Parcel::writeByte(int8_t val)
{
    return writeInt32(int32_t(val));
}

status_t Parcel::writeInt64(int64_t val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUint64(uint64_t val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}

status_t Parcel::writePointer(uintptr_t val)
{
    return writeAligned<binder_uintptr_t>(val);
}

status_t Parcel::writeFloat(float val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}

#if defined(__mips__) && defined(__mips_hard_float)

status_t Parcel::writeDouble(double val)
{
    union {
        double d;
        unsigned long long ll;
    } u;
    u.d = val;
    return writeAligned(u.ll);
}

#else

status_t Parcel::writeDouble(double val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}

#endif

status_t Parcel::writeCString(const char* str)
{
    return write(str, strlen(str)+1);
}

status_t Parcel::writeString8(const String8& str)
{
    return writeString8(str.string(), str.size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeString8(const char* str, size_t len)
{
    if (str == nullptr) return writeInt32(-1);

    status_t err = writeInt32(len);
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)writeInplace(len+sizeof(char));
        if (data) {
            memcpy(data, str, len);
            *reinterpret_cast<char*>(data+len) = 0;
            return NO_ERROR;
        }
        err = mError;
    }
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16(const std::optional<String16>& str)
{
    if (!str) {
        return writeInt32(-1);
    }

    return writeString16(*str);
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& str)
{
    if (!str) {
        return writeInt32(-1);
    }

    return writeString16(*str);
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16(const String16& str)
{
    return writeString16(str.string(), str.size());
}

status_t Parcel::writeString16(const char16_t* str, size_t len)
{
    if (str == nullptr) return writeInt32(-1);

    status_t err = writeInt32(len);
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        len *= sizeof(char16_t);
        uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)writeInplace(len+sizeof(char16_t));
        if (data) {
            memcpy(data, str, len);
            *reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(data+len) = 0;
            return NO_ERROR;
        }
        err = mError;
    }
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinder(const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
    return flattenBinder(val);
}

status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinderVector(const std::vector<sp<IBinder>>& val)
{
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeStrongBinder);
}

status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinderVector(const std::optional<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeStrongBinder);
}

status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinderVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>& val)
{
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeStrongBinder);
}

status_t Parcel::readStrongBinderVector(std::optional<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readNullableStrongBinder);
}

status_t Parcel::readStrongBinderVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readNullableStrongBinder);
}

status_t Parcel::readStrongBinderVector(std::vector<sp<IBinder>>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readStrongBinder);
}

status_t Parcel::writeRawNullableParcelable(const Parcelable* parcelable) {
    if (!parcelable) {
        return writeInt32(0);
    }

    return writeParcelable(*parcelable);
}

status_t Parcel::writeParcelable(const Parcelable& parcelable) {
    status_t status = writeInt32(1);  // parcelable is not null.
    if (status != OK) {
        return status;
    }
    return parcelable.writeToParcel(this);
}

status_t Parcel::writeNativeHandle(const native_handle* handle)
{
    if (!handle || handle->version != sizeof(native_handle))
        return BAD_TYPE;

    status_t err;
    err = writeInt32(handle->numFds);
    if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;

    err = writeInt32(handle->numInts);
    if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;

    for (int i=0 ; err==NO_ERROR && i<handle->numFds ; i++)
        err = writeDupFileDescriptor(handle->data[i]);

    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
        ALOGD("write native handle, write dup fd failed");
        return err;
    }
    err = write(handle->data + handle->numFds, sizeof(int)*handle->numInts);
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::writeFileDescriptor(int fd, bool takeOwnership)
{
    flat_binder_object obj;
    obj.hdr.type = BINDER_TYPE_FD;
    obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
    obj.binder = 0; /* Don't pass uninitialized stack data to a remote process */
    obj.handle = fd;
    obj.cookie = takeOwnership ? 1 : 0;
    return writeObject(obj, true);
}

status_t Parcel::writeDupFileDescriptor(int fd)
{
    int dupFd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
    if (dupFd < 0) {
        return -errno;
    }
    status_t err = writeFileDescriptor(dupFd, true /*takeOwnership*/);
    if (err != OK) {
        close(dupFd);
    }
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::writeParcelFileDescriptor(int fd, bool takeOwnership)
{
    writeInt32(0);
    return writeFileDescriptor(fd, takeOwnership);
}

status_t Parcel::writeDupParcelFileDescriptor(int fd)
{
    int dupFd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
    if (dupFd < 0) {
        return -errno;
    }
    status_t err = writeParcelFileDescriptor(dupFd, true /*takeOwnership*/);
    if (err != OK) {
        close(dupFd);
    }
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor(const base::unique_fd& fd) {
    return writeDupFileDescriptor(fd.get());
}

status_t Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(const std::vector<base::unique_fd>& val) {
    return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(const std::optional<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>& val) {
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor);
}

status_t Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>& val) {
    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor);
}

status_t Parcel::writeBlob(size_t len, bool mutableCopy, WritableBlob* outBlob)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    status_t status;
    if (!mAllowFds || len <= BLOB_INPLACE_LIMIT) {
        ALOGV("writeBlob: write in place");
        status = writeInt32(BLOB_INPLACE);
        if (status) return status;

        void* ptr = writeInplace(len);
        if (!ptr) return NO_MEMORY;

        outBlob->init(-1, ptr, len, false);
        return NO_ERROR;
    }

    ALOGV("writeBlob: write to ashmem");
    int fd = ashmem_create_region("Parcel Blob", len);
    if (fd < 0) return NO_MEMORY;

    int result = ashmem_set_prot_region(fd, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
    if (result < 0) {
        status = result;
    } else {
        void* ptr = ::mmap(nullptr, len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
            status = -errno;
        } else {
            if (!mutableCopy) {
                result = ashmem_set_prot_region(fd, PROT_READ);
            }
            if (result < 0) {
                status = result;
            } else {
                status = writeInt32(mutableCopy ? BLOB_ASHMEM_MUTABLE : BLOB_ASHMEM_IMMUTABLE);
                if (!status) {
                    status = writeFileDescriptor(fd, true /*takeOwnership*/);
                    if (!status) {
                        outBlob->init(fd, ptr, len, mutableCopy);
                        return NO_ERROR;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        ::munmap(ptr, len);
    }
    ::close(fd);
    return status;
}

status_t Parcel::writeDupImmutableBlobFileDescriptor(int fd)
{
    // Must match up with what's done in writeBlob.
    if (!mAllowFds) return FDS_NOT_ALLOWED;
    status_t status = writeInt32(BLOB_ASHMEM_IMMUTABLE);
    if (status) return status;
    return writeDupFileDescriptor(fd);
}

status_t Parcel::write(const FlattenableHelperInterface& val)
{
    status_t err;

    // size if needed
    const size_t len = val.getFlattenedSize();
    const size_t fd_count = val.getFdCount();

    if ((len > INT32_MAX) || (fd_count >= gMaxFds)) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    err = this->writeInt32(len);
    if (err) return err;

    err = this->writeInt32(fd_count);
    if (err) return err;

    // payload
    void* const buf = this->writeInplace(len);
    if (buf == nullptr)
        return BAD_VALUE;

    int* fds = nullptr;
    if (fd_count) {
        fds = new (std::nothrow) int[fd_count];
        if (fds == nullptr) {
            ALOGE("write: failed to allocate requested %zu fds", fd_count);
            return BAD_VALUE;
        }
    }

    err = val.flatten(buf, len, fds, fd_count);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<fd_count && err==NO_ERROR ; i++) {
        err = this->writeDupFileDescriptor( fds[i] );
    }

    if (fd_count) {
        delete [] fds;
    }

    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::writeObject(const flat_binder_object& val, bool nullMetaData)
{
    const bool enoughData = (mDataPos+sizeof(val)) <= mDataCapacity;
    const bool enoughObjects = mObjectsSize < mObjectsCapacity;
    if (enoughData && enoughObjects) {
restart_write:
        *reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData+mDataPos) = val;

        // remember if it's a file descriptor
        if (val.hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
            if (!mAllowFds) {
                // fail before modifying our object index
                return FDS_NOT_ALLOWED;
            }
            mHasFds = mFdsKnown = true;
        }

        // Need to write meta-data?
        if (nullMetaData || val.binder != 0) {
            mObjects[mObjectsSize] = mDataPos;
            acquire_object(ProcessState::self(), val, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
            mObjectsSize++;
        }

        return finishWrite(sizeof(flat_binder_object));
    }

    if (!enoughData) {
        const status_t err = growData(sizeof(val));
        if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
    }
    if (!enoughObjects) {
        if (mObjectsSize > SIZE_MAX - 2) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
        if ((mObjectsSize + 2) > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
        size_t newSize = ((mObjectsSize+2)*3)/2;
        if (newSize > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(binder_size_t)) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
        binder_size_t* objects = (binder_size_t*)realloc(mObjects, newSize*sizeof(binder_size_t));
        if (objects == nullptr) return NO_MEMORY;
        mObjects = objects;
        mObjectsCapacity = newSize;
    }

    goto restart_write;
}

status_t Parcel::writeNoException()
{
    binder::Status status;
    return status.writeToParcel(this);
}

status_t Parcel::validateReadData(size_t upperBound) const
{
    // Don't allow non-object reads on object data
    if (mObjectsSorted || mObjectsSize <= 1) {
data_sorted:
        // Expect to check only against the next object
        if (mNextObjectHint < mObjectsSize && upperBound > mObjects[mNextObjectHint]) {
            // For some reason the current read position is greater than the next object
            // hint. Iterate until we find the right object
            size_t nextObject = mNextObjectHint;
            do {
                if (mDataPos < mObjects[nextObject] + sizeof(flat_binder_object)) {
                    // Requested info overlaps with an object
                    ALOGE("Attempt to read from protected data in Parcel %p", this);
                    return PERMISSION_DENIED;
                }
                nextObject++;
            } while (nextObject < mObjectsSize && upperBound > mObjects[nextObject]);
            mNextObjectHint = nextObject;
        }
        return NO_ERROR;
    }
    // Quickly determine if mObjects is sorted.
    binder_size_t* currObj = mObjects + mObjectsSize - 1;
    binder_size_t* prevObj = currObj;
    while (currObj > mObjects) {
        prevObj--;
        if(*prevObj > *currObj) {
            goto data_unsorted;
        }
        currObj--;
    }
    mObjectsSorted = true;
    goto data_sorted;

data_unsorted:
    // Insertion Sort mObjects
    // Great for mostly sorted lists. If randomly sorted or reverse ordered mObjects become common,
    // switch to std::sort(mObjects, mObjects + mObjectsSize);
    for (binder_size_t* iter0 = mObjects + 1; iter0 < mObjects + mObjectsSize; iter0++) {
        binder_size_t temp = *iter0;
        binder_size_t* iter1 = iter0 - 1;
        while (iter1 >= mObjects && *iter1 > temp) {
            *(iter1 + 1) = *iter1;
            iter1--;
        }
        *(iter1 + 1) = temp;
    }
    mNextObjectHint = 0;
    mObjectsSorted = true;
    goto data_sorted;
}

status_t Parcel::read(void* outData, size_t len) const
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if ((mDataPos+pad_size(len)) >= mDataPos && (mDataPos+pad_size(len)) <= mDataSize
            && len <= pad_size(len)) {
        if (mObjectsSize > 0) {
            status_t err = validateReadData(mDataPos + pad_size(len));
            if(err != NO_ERROR) {
                // Still increment the data position by the expected length
                mDataPos += pad_size(len);
                ALOGV("read Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
                return err;
            }
        }
        memcpy(outData, mData+mDataPos, len);
        mDataPos += pad_size(len);
        ALOGV("read Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
        return NO_ERROR;
    }
    return NOT_ENOUGH_DATA;
}

const void* Parcel::readInplace(size_t len) const
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return nullptr;
    }

    if ((mDataPos+pad_size(len)) >= mDataPos && (mDataPos+pad_size(len)) <= mDataSize
            && len <= pad_size(len)) {
        if (mObjectsSize > 0) {
            status_t err = validateReadData(mDataPos + pad_size(len));
            if(err != NO_ERROR) {
                // Still increment the data position by the expected length
                mDataPos += pad_size(len);
                ALOGV("readInplace Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
                return nullptr;
            }
        }

        const void* data = mData+mDataPos;
        mDataPos += pad_size(len);
        ALOGV("readInplace Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
        return data;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

template<class T>
status_t Parcel::readAligned(T *pArg) const {
    COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT_FUNCTION_SCOPE(PAD_SIZE_UNSAFE(sizeof(T)) == sizeof(T));

    if ((mDataPos+sizeof(T)) <= mDataSize) {
        if (mObjectsSize > 0) {
            status_t err = validateReadData(mDataPos + sizeof(T));
            if(err != NO_ERROR) {
                // Still increment the data position by the expected length
                mDataPos += sizeof(T);
                return err;
            }
        }

        const void* data = mData+mDataPos;
        mDataPos += sizeof(T);
        *pArg =  *reinterpret_cast<const T*>(data);
        return NO_ERROR;
    } else {
        return NOT_ENOUGH_DATA;
    }
}

template<class T>
T Parcel::readAligned() const {
    T result;
    if (readAligned(&result) != NO_ERROR) {
        result = 0;
    }

    return result;
}

template<class T>
status_t Parcel::writeAligned(T val) {
    COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT_FUNCTION_SCOPE(PAD_SIZE_UNSAFE(sizeof(T)) == sizeof(T));

    if ((mDataPos+sizeof(val)) <= mDataCapacity) {
restart_write:
        *reinterpret_cast<T*>(mData+mDataPos) = val;
        return finishWrite(sizeof(val));
    }

    status_t err = growData(sizeof(val));
    if (err == NO_ERROR) goto restart_write;
    return err;
}

status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::vector<int8_t>* val) const {
    size_t size;
    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
    return readByteVectorInternal(val, size);
}

status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::vector<uint8_t>* val) const {
    size_t size;
    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
    return readByteVectorInternal(val, size);
}

status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>* val) const {
    size_t size;
    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
    if (!*val) {
        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
        // This occurs when writing a null byte vector.
        return OK;
    }
    return readByteVectorInternal(&**val, size);
}

status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>* val) const {
    size_t size;
    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
    if (val->get() == nullptr) {
        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
        // This occurs when writing a null byte vector.
        return OK;
    }
    return readByteVectorInternal(val->get(), size);
}

status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* val) const {
    size_t size;
    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
    if (!*val) {
        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
        // This occurs when writing a null byte vector.
        return OK;
    }
    return readByteVectorInternal(&**val, size);
}

status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>* val) const {
    size_t size;
    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
    if (val->get() == nullptr) {
        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
        // This occurs when writing a null byte vector.
        return OK;
    }
    return readByteVectorInternal(val->get(), size);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt32Vector(std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt32);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt32Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt32);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt32Vector(std::vector<int32_t>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt32);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt64Vector(std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt64);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt64Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt64);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt64Vector(std::vector<int64_t>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt64);
}

status_t Parcel::readUint64Vector(std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUint64);
}

status_t Parcel::readUint64Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUint64);
}

status_t Parcel::readUint64Vector(std::vector<uint64_t>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUint64);
}

status_t Parcel::readFloatVector(std::optional<std::vector<float>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readFloat);
}

status_t Parcel::readFloatVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readFloat);
}

status_t Parcel::readFloatVector(std::vector<float>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readFloat);
}

status_t Parcel::readDoubleVector(std::optional<std::vector<double>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readDouble);
}

status_t Parcel::readDoubleVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readDouble);
}

status_t Parcel::readDoubleVector(std::vector<double>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readDouble);
}

status_t Parcel::readBoolVector(std::optional<std::vector<bool>>* val) const {
    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
    val->reset();

    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
        return status;
    }

    setDataPosition(start);
    val->emplace();

    status = readBoolVector(&**val);

    if (status != OK) {
        val->reset();
    }

    return status;
}

status_t Parcel::readBoolVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>* val) const {
    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
    val->reset();

    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
        return status;
    }

    setDataPosition(start);
    val->reset(new (std::nothrow) std::vector<bool>());

    status = readBoolVector(val->get());

    if (status != OK) {
        val->reset();
    }

    return status;
}

status_t Parcel::readBoolVector(std::vector<bool>* val) const {
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);

    if (status != OK) {
        return status;
    }

    if (size < 0) {
        return UNEXPECTED_NULL;
    }

    val->resize(size);

    /* C++ bool handling means a vector of bools isn't necessarily addressable
     * (we might use individual bits)
     */
    bool data;
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        status = readBool(&data);
        (*val)[i] = data;

        if (status != OK) {
            return status;
        }
    }

    return OK;
}

status_t Parcel::readCharVector(std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readChar);
}

status_t Parcel::readCharVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readChar);
}

status_t Parcel::readCharVector(std::vector<char16_t>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readChar);
}

status_t Parcel::readString16Vector(
        std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readString16);
}

status_t Parcel::readString16Vector(
        std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<String16>>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readString16);
}

status_t Parcel::readString16Vector(std::vector<String16>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readString16);
}

status_t Parcel::readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(
        std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16);
}

status_t Parcel::readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(
        std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16);
}

status_t Parcel::readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(std::vector<std::string>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16);
}

status_t Parcel::readInt32(int32_t *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}

int32_t Parcel::readInt32() const
{
    return readAligned<int32_t>();
}

status_t Parcel::readUint32(uint32_t *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}

uint32_t Parcel::readUint32() const
{
    return readAligned<uint32_t>();
}

status_t Parcel::readInt64(int64_t *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}


int64_t Parcel::readInt64() const
{
    return readAligned<int64_t>();
}

status_t Parcel::readUint64(uint64_t *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}

uint64_t Parcel::readUint64() const
{
    return readAligned<uint64_t>();
}

status_t Parcel::readPointer(uintptr_t *pArg) const
{
    status_t ret;
    binder_uintptr_t ptr;
    ret = readAligned(&ptr);
    if (!ret)
        *pArg = ptr;
    return ret;
}

uintptr_t Parcel::readPointer() const
{
    return readAligned<binder_uintptr_t>();
}


status_t Parcel::readFloat(float *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}


float Parcel::readFloat() const
{
    return readAligned<float>();
}

#if defined(__mips__) && defined(__mips_hard_float)

status_t Parcel::readDouble(double *pArg) const
{
    union {
      double d;
      unsigned long long ll;
    } u;
    u.d = 0;
    status_t status;
    status = readAligned(&u.ll);
    *pArg = u.d;
    return status;
}

double Parcel::readDouble() const
{
    union {
      double d;
      unsigned long long ll;
    } u;
    u.ll = readAligned<unsigned long long>();
    return u.d;
}

#else

status_t Parcel::readDouble(double *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}

double Parcel::readDouble() const
{
    return readAligned<double>();
}

#endif

status_t Parcel::readIntPtr(intptr_t *pArg) const
{
    return readAligned(pArg);
}


intptr_t Parcel::readIntPtr() const
{
    return readAligned<intptr_t>();
}

status_t Parcel::readBool(bool *pArg) const
{
    int32_t tmp = 0;
    status_t ret = readInt32(&tmp);
    *pArg = (tmp != 0);
    return ret;
}

bool Parcel::readBool() const
{
    return readInt32() != 0;
}

status_t Parcel::readChar(char16_t *pArg) const
{
    int32_t tmp = 0;
    status_t ret = readInt32(&tmp);
    *pArg = char16_t(tmp);
    return ret;
}

char16_t Parcel::readChar() const
{
    return char16_t(readInt32());
}

status_t Parcel::readByte(int8_t *pArg) const
{
    int32_t tmp = 0;
    status_t ret = readInt32(&tmp);
    *pArg = int8_t(tmp);
    return ret;
}

int8_t Parcel::readByte() const
{
    return int8_t(readInt32());
}

status_t Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16(std::string* str) const {
    size_t utf16Size = 0;
    const char16_t* src = readString16Inplace(&utf16Size);
    if (!src) {
        return UNEXPECTED_NULL;
    }

    // Save ourselves the trouble, we're done.
    if (utf16Size == 0u) {
        str->clear();
       return NO_ERROR;
    }

    // Allow for closing '\0'
    ssize_t utf8Size = utf16_to_utf8_length(src, utf16Size) + 1;
    if (utf8Size < 1) {
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }
    // Note that while it is probably safe to assume string::resize keeps a
    // spare byte around for the trailing null, we still pass the size including the trailing null
    str->resize(utf8Size);
    utf16_to_utf8(src, utf16Size, &((*str)[0]), utf8Size);
    str->resize(utf8Size - 1);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16(std::optional<std::string>* str) const {
    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
    str->reset();

    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
        return status;
    }

    setDataPosition(start);
    str->emplace();
    return readUtf8FromUtf16(&**str);
}

status_t Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16(std::unique_ptr<std::string>* str) const {
    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
    str->reset();

    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
        return status;
    }

    setDataPosition(start);
    str->reset(new (std::nothrow) std::string());
    return readUtf8FromUtf16(str->get());
}

const char* Parcel::readCString() const
{
    if (mDataPos < mDataSize) {
        const size_t avail = mDataSize-mDataPos;
        const char* str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(mData+mDataPos);
        // is the string's trailing NUL within the parcel's valid bounds?
        const char* eos = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(memchr(str, 0, avail));
        if (eos) {
            const size_t len = eos - str;
            mDataPos += pad_size(len+1);
            ALOGV("readCString Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
            return str;
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

String8 Parcel::readString8() const
{
    size_t len;
    const char* str = readString8Inplace(&len);
    if (str) return String8(str, len);
    ALOGE("Reading a NULL string not supported here.");
    return String8();
}

status_t Parcel::readString8(String8* pArg) const
{
    size_t len;
    const char* str = readString8Inplace(&len);
    if (str) {
        pArg->setTo(str, len);
        return 0;
    } else {
        *pArg = String8();
        return UNEXPECTED_NULL;
    }
}

const char* Parcel::readString8Inplace(size_t* outLen) const
{
    int32_t size = readInt32();
    // watch for potential int overflow from size+1
    if (size >= 0 && size < INT32_MAX) {
        *outLen = size;
        const char* str = (const char*)readInplace(size+1);
        if (str != nullptr) {
            return str;
        }
    }
    *outLen = 0;
    return nullptr;
}

String16 Parcel::readString16() const
{
    size_t len;
    const char16_t* str = readString16Inplace(&len);
    if (str) return String16(str, len);
    ALOGE("Reading a NULL string not supported here.");
    return String16();
}

status_t Parcel::readString16(std::optional<String16>* pArg) const
{
    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
    pArg->reset();

    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
        return status;
    }

    setDataPosition(start);
    pArg->emplace();

    status = readString16(&**pArg);

    if (status != OK) {
        pArg->reset();
    }

    return status;
}

status_t Parcel::readString16(std::unique_ptr<String16>* pArg) const
{
    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
    int32_t size;
    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
    pArg->reset();

    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
        return status;
    }

    setDataPosition(start);
    pArg->reset(new (std::nothrow) String16());

    status = readString16(pArg->get());

    if (status != OK) {
        pArg->reset();
    }

    return status;
}

status_t Parcel::readString16(String16* pArg) const
{
    size_t len;
    const char16_t* str = readString16Inplace(&len);
    if (str) {
        pArg->setTo(str, len);
        return 0;
    } else {
        *pArg = String16();
        return UNEXPECTED_NULL;
    }
}

const char16_t* Parcel::readString16Inplace(size_t* outLen) const
{
    int32_t size = readInt32();
    // watch for potential int overflow from size+1
    if (size >= 0 && size < INT32_MAX) {
        *outLen = size;
        const char16_t* str = (const char16_t*)readInplace((size+1)*sizeof(char16_t));
        if (str != nullptr) {
            return str;
        }
    }
    *outLen = 0;
    return nullptr;
}

status_t Parcel::readStrongBinder(sp<IBinder>* val) const
{
    status_t status = readNullableStrongBinder(val);
    if (status == OK && !val->get()) {
        status = UNEXPECTED_NULL;
    }
    return status;
}

status_t Parcel::readNullableStrongBinder(sp<IBinder>* val) const
{
    return unflattenBinder(val);
}

sp<IBinder> Parcel::readStrongBinder() const
{
    sp<IBinder> val;
    // Note that a lot of code in Android reads binders by hand with this
    // method, and that code has historically been ok with getting nullptr
    // back (while ignoring error codes).
    readNullableStrongBinder(&val);
    return val;
}

status_t Parcel::readParcelable(Parcelable* parcelable) const {
    int32_t have_parcelable = 0;
    status_t status = readInt32(&have_parcelable);
    if (status != OK) {
        return status;
    }
    if (!have_parcelable) {
        return UNEXPECTED_NULL;
    }
    return parcelable->readFromParcel(this);
}

int32_t Parcel::readExceptionCode() const
{
    binder::Status status;
    status.readFromParcel(*this);
    return status.exceptionCode();
}

native_handle* Parcel::readNativeHandle() const
{
    int numFds, numInts;
    status_t err;
    err = readInt32(&numFds);
    if (err != NO_ERROR) return nullptr;
    err = readInt32(&numInts);
    if (err != NO_ERROR) return nullptr;

    native_handle* h = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
    if (!h) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    for (int i=0 ; err==NO_ERROR && i<numFds ; i++) {
        h->data[i] = fcntl(readFileDescriptor(), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
        if (h->data[i] < 0) {
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                close(h->data[j]);
            }
            native_handle_delete(h);
            return nullptr;
        }
    }
    err = read(h->data + numFds, sizeof(int)*numInts);
    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
        native_handle_close(h);
        native_handle_delete(h);
        h = nullptr;
    }
    return h;
}

int Parcel::readFileDescriptor() const
{
    const flat_binder_object* flat = readObject(true);

    if (flat && flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
        return flat->handle;
    }

    return BAD_TYPE;
}

int Parcel::readParcelFileDescriptor() const
{
    int32_t hasComm = readInt32();
    int fd = readFileDescriptor();
    if (hasComm != 0) {
        // detach (owned by the binder driver)
        int comm = readFileDescriptor();

        // warning: this must be kept in sync with:
        // frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ParcelFileDescriptor.java
        enum ParcelFileDescriptorStatus {
            DETACHED = 2,
        };

#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
        const int32_t message = ParcelFileDescriptorStatus::DETACHED;
#endif
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
        const int32_t message = __builtin_bswap32(ParcelFileDescriptorStatus::DETACHED);
#endif

        ssize_t written = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
            ::write(comm, &message, sizeof(message)));

        if (written == -1 || written != sizeof(message)) {
            ALOGW("Failed to detach ParcelFileDescriptor written: %zd err: %s",
                written, strerror(errno));
            return BAD_TYPE;
        }
    }
    return fd;
}

status_t Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptor(base::unique_fd* val) const
{
    int got = readFileDescriptor();

    if (got == BAD_TYPE) {
        return BAD_TYPE;
    }

    val->reset(fcntl(got, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0));

    if (val->get() < 0) {
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    return OK;
}

status_t Parcel::readUniqueParcelFileDescriptor(base::unique_fd* val) const
{
    int got = readParcelFileDescriptor();

    if (got == BAD_TYPE) {
        return BAD_TYPE;
    }

    val->reset(fcntl(got, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0));

    if (val->get() < 0) {
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    return OK;
}

status_t Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(std::optional<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptor);
}

status_t Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>* val) const {
    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptor);
}

status_t Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(std::vector<base::unique_fd>* val) const {
    return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptor);
}

status_t Parcel::readBlob(size_t len, ReadableBlob* outBlob) const
{
    int32_t blobType;
    status_t status = readInt32(&blobType);
    if (status) return status;

    if (blobType == BLOB_INPLACE) {
        ALOGV("readBlob: read in place");
        const void* ptr = readInplace(len);
        if (!ptr) return BAD_VALUE;

        outBlob->init(-1, const_cast<void*>(ptr), len, false);
        return NO_ERROR;
    }

    ALOGV("readBlob: read from ashmem");
    bool isMutable = (blobType == BLOB_ASHMEM_MUTABLE);
    int fd = readFileDescriptor();
    if (fd == int(BAD_TYPE)) return BAD_VALUE;

    if (!ashmem_valid(fd)) {
        ALOGE("invalid fd");
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }
    int size = ashmem_get_size_region(fd);
    if (size < 0 || size_t(size) < len) {
        ALOGE("request size %zu does not match fd size %d", len, size);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }
    void* ptr = ::mmap(nullptr, len, isMutable ? PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE : PROT_READ,
            MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
    if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) return NO_MEMORY;

    outBlob->init(fd, ptr, len, isMutable);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t Parcel::read(FlattenableHelperInterface& val) const
{
    // size
    const size_t len = this->readInt32();
    const size_t fd_count = this->readInt32();

    if ((len > INT32_MAX) || (fd_count >= gMaxFds)) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    // payload
    void const* const buf = this->readInplace(pad_size(len));
    if (buf == nullptr)
        return BAD_VALUE;

    int* fds = nullptr;
    if (fd_count) {
        fds = new (std::nothrow) int[fd_count];
        if (fds == nullptr) {
            ALOGE("read: failed to allocate requested %zu fds", fd_count);
            return BAD_VALUE;
        }
    }

    status_t err = NO_ERROR;
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<fd_count && err==NO_ERROR ; i++) {
        int fd = this->readFileDescriptor();
        if (fd < 0 || ((fds[i] = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)) {
            err = BAD_VALUE;
            ALOGE("fcntl(F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC) failed in Parcel::read, i is %zu, fds[i] is %d, fd_count is %zu, error: %s",
                  i, fds[i], fd_count, strerror(fd < 0 ? -fd : errno));
            // Close all the file descriptors that were dup-ed.
            for (size_t j=0; j<i ;j++) {
                close(fds[j]);
            }
        }
    }

    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        err = val.unflatten(buf, len, fds, fd_count);
    }

    if (fd_count) {
        delete [] fds;
    }

    return err;
}
const flat_binder_object* Parcel::readObject(bool nullMetaData) const
{
    const size_t DPOS = mDataPos;
    if ((DPOS+sizeof(flat_binder_object)) <= mDataSize) {
        const flat_binder_object* obj
                = reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData+DPOS);
        mDataPos = DPOS + sizeof(flat_binder_object);
        if (!nullMetaData && (obj->cookie == 0 && obj->binder == 0)) {
            // When transferring a NULL object, we don't write it into
            // the object list, so we don't want to check for it when
            // reading.
            ALOGV("readObject Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
            return obj;
        }

        // Ensure that this object is valid...
        binder_size_t* const OBJS = mObjects;
        const size_t N = mObjectsSize;
        size_t opos = mNextObjectHint;

        if (N > 0) {
            ALOGV("Parcel %p looking for obj at %zu, hint=%zu",
                 this, DPOS, opos);

            // Start at the current hint position, looking for an object at
            // the current data position.
            if (opos < N) {
                while (opos < (N-1) && OBJS[opos] < DPOS) {
                    opos++;
                }
            } else {
                opos = N-1;
            }
            if (OBJS[opos] == DPOS) {
                // Found it!
                ALOGV("Parcel %p found obj %zu at index %zu with forward search",
                     this, DPOS, opos);
                mNextObjectHint = opos+1;
                ALOGV("readObject Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
                return obj;
            }

            // Look backwards for it...
            while (opos > 0 && OBJS[opos] > DPOS) {
                opos--;
            }
            if (OBJS[opos] == DPOS) {
                // Found it!
                ALOGV("Parcel %p found obj %zu at index %zu with backward search",
                     this, DPOS, opos);
                mNextObjectHint = opos+1;
                ALOGV("readObject Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
                return obj;
            }
        }
        ALOGW("Attempt to read object from Parcel %p at offset %zu that is not in the object list",
             this, DPOS);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

void Parcel::closeFileDescriptors()
{
    size_t i = mObjectsSize;
    if (i > 0) {
        //ALOGI("Closing file descriptors for %zu objects...", i);
    }
    while (i > 0) {
        i--;
        const flat_binder_object* flat
            = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData+mObjects[i]);
        if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
            //ALOGI("Closing fd: %ld", flat->handle);
            close(flat->handle);
        }
    }
}

uintptr_t Parcel::ipcData() const
{
    return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(mData);
}

size_t Parcel::ipcDataSize() const
{
    return (mDataSize > mDataPos ? mDataSize : mDataPos);
}

uintptr_t Parcel::ipcObjects() const
{
    return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(mObjects);
}

size_t Parcel::ipcObjectsCount() const
{
    return mObjectsSize;
}

void Parcel::ipcSetDataReference(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataSize,
    const binder_size_t* objects, size_t objectsCount, release_func relFunc, void* relCookie)
{
    binder_size_t minOffset = 0;
    freeDataNoInit();
    mError = NO_ERROR;
    mData = const_cast<uint8_t*>(data);
    mDataSize = mDataCapacity = dataSize;
    //ALOGI("setDataReference Setting data size of %p to %lu (pid=%d)", this, mDataSize, getpid());
    mDataPos = 0;
    ALOGV("setDataReference Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
    mObjects = const_cast<binder_size_t*>(objects);
    mObjectsSize = mObjectsCapacity = objectsCount;
    mNextObjectHint = 0;
    mObjectsSorted = false;
    mOwner = relFunc;
    mOwnerCookie = relCookie;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < mObjectsSize; i++) {
        binder_size_t offset = mObjects[i];
        if (offset < minOffset) {
            ALOGE("%s: bad object offset %" PRIu64 " < %" PRIu64 "\n",
                  __func__, (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)minOffset);
            mObjectsSize = 0;
            break;
        }
        const flat_binder_object* flat
            = reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData + offset);
        uint32_t type = flat->hdr.type;
        if (!(type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER || type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE ||
              type == BINDER_TYPE_FD)) {
            // We should never receive other types (eg BINDER_TYPE_FDA) as long as we don't support
            // them in libbinder. If we do receive them, it probably means a kernel bug; try to
            // recover gracefully by clearing out the objects, and releasing the objects we do
            // know about.
            android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "135930648");
            ALOGE("%s: unsupported type object (%" PRIu32 ") at offset %" PRIu64 "\n",
                  __func__, type, (uint64_t)offset);
            releaseObjects();
            mObjectsSize = 0;
            break;
        }
        minOffset = offset + sizeof(flat_binder_object);
    }
    scanForFds();
}

void Parcel::print(TextOutput& to, uint32_t /*flags*/) const
{
    to << "Parcel(";

    if (errorCheck() != NO_ERROR) {
        const status_t err = errorCheck();
        to << "Error: " << (void*)(intptr_t)err << " \"" << strerror(-err) << "\"";
    } else if (dataSize() > 0) {
        const uint8_t* DATA = data();
        to << indent << HexDump(DATA, dataSize()) << dedent;
        const binder_size_t* OBJS = mObjects;
        const size_t N = objectsCount();
        for (size_t i=0; i<N; i++) {
            const flat_binder_object* flat
                = reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(DATA+OBJS[i]);
            to << endl << "Object #" << i << " @ " << (void*)OBJS[i] << ": "
                << TypeCode(flat->hdr.type & 0x7f7f7f00)
                << " = " << flat->binder;
        }
    } else {
        to << "NULL";
    }

    to << ")";
}

void Parcel::releaseObjects()
{
    size_t i = mObjectsSize;
    if (i == 0) {
        return;
    }
    sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
    uint8_t* const data = mData;
    binder_size_t* const objects = mObjects;
    while (i > 0) {
        i--;
        const flat_binder_object* flat
            = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(data+objects[i]);
        release_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
    }
}

void Parcel::acquireObjects()
{
    size_t i = mObjectsSize;
    if (i == 0) {
        return;
    }
    const sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
    uint8_t* const data = mData;
    binder_size_t* const objects = mObjects;
    while (i > 0) {
        i--;
        const flat_binder_object* flat
            = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(data+objects[i]);
        acquire_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
    }
}

void Parcel::freeData()
{
    freeDataNoInit();
    initState();
}

void Parcel::freeDataNoInit()
{
    if (mOwner) {
        LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing other owner data", this);
        //ALOGI("Freeing data ref of %p (pid=%d)", this, getpid());
        mOwner(this, mData, mDataSize, mObjects, mObjectsSize, mOwnerCookie);
    } else {
        LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing allocated data", this);
        releaseObjects();
        if (mData) {
            LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: freeing with %zu capacity", this, mDataCapacity);
            pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
            if (mDataCapacity <= gParcelGlobalAllocSize) {
              gParcelGlobalAllocSize = gParcelGlobalAllocSize - mDataCapacity;
            } else {
              gParcelGlobalAllocSize = 0;
            }
            if (gParcelGlobalAllocCount > 0) {
              gParcelGlobalAllocCount--;
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
            free(mData);
        }
        if (mObjects) free(mObjects);
    }
}

status_t Parcel::growData(size_t len)
{
    if (len > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (len > SIZE_MAX - mDataSize) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
    if (mDataSize + len > SIZE_MAX / 3) return NO_MEMORY; // overflow
    size_t newSize = ((mDataSize+len)*3)/2;
    return (newSize <= mDataSize)
            ? (status_t) NO_MEMORY
            : continueWrite(std::max(newSize, (size_t) 128));
}

status_t Parcel::restartWrite(size_t desired)
{
    if (desired > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (mOwner) {
        freeData();
        return continueWrite(desired);
    }

    uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)realloc(mData, desired);
    if (!data && desired > mDataCapacity) {
        mError = NO_MEMORY;
        return NO_MEMORY;
    }

    releaseObjects();

    if (data || desired == 0) {
        LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: restart from %zu to %zu capacity", this, mDataCapacity, desired);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
        gParcelGlobalAllocSize += desired;
        gParcelGlobalAllocSize -= mDataCapacity;
        if (!mData) {
            gParcelGlobalAllocCount++;
        }
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
        mData = data;
        mDataCapacity = desired;
    }

    mDataSize = mDataPos = 0;
    ALOGV("restartWrite Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
    ALOGV("restartWrite Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);

    free(mObjects);
    mObjects = nullptr;
    mObjectsSize = mObjectsCapacity = 0;
    mNextObjectHint = 0;
    mObjectsSorted = false;
    mHasFds = false;
    mFdsKnown = true;
    mAllowFds = true;

    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t Parcel::continueWrite(size_t desired)
{
    if (desired > INT32_MAX) {
        // don't accept size_t values which may have come from an
        // inadvertent conversion from a negative int.
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    // If shrinking, first adjust for any objects that appear
    // after the new data size.
    size_t objectsSize = mObjectsSize;
    if (desired < mDataSize) {
        if (desired == 0) {
            objectsSize = 0;
        } else {
            while (objectsSize > 0) {
                if (mObjects[objectsSize-1] < desired)
                    break;
                objectsSize--;
            }
        }
    }

    if (mOwner) {
        // If the size is going to zero, just release the owner's data.
        if (desired == 0) {
            freeData();
            return NO_ERROR;
        }

        // If there is a different owner, we need to take
        // posession.
        uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)malloc(desired);
        if (!data) {
            mError = NO_MEMORY;
            return NO_MEMORY;
        }
        binder_size_t* objects = nullptr;

        if (objectsSize) {
            objects = (binder_size_t*)calloc(objectsSize, sizeof(binder_size_t));
            if (!objects) {
                free(data);

                mError = NO_MEMORY;
                return NO_MEMORY;
            }

            // Little hack to only acquire references on objects
            // we will be keeping.
            size_t oldObjectsSize = mObjectsSize;
            mObjectsSize = objectsSize;
            acquireObjects();
            mObjectsSize = oldObjectsSize;
        }

        if (mData) {
            memcpy(data, mData, mDataSize < desired ? mDataSize : desired);
        }
        if (objects && mObjects) {
            memcpy(objects, mObjects, objectsSize*sizeof(binder_size_t));
        }
        //ALOGI("Freeing data ref of %p (pid=%d)", this, getpid());
        mOwner(this, mData, mDataSize, mObjects, mObjectsSize, mOwnerCookie);
        mOwner = nullptr;

        LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: taking ownership of %zu capacity", this, desired);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
        gParcelGlobalAllocSize += desired;
        gParcelGlobalAllocCount++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);

        mData = data;
        mObjects = objects;
        mDataSize = (mDataSize < desired) ? mDataSize : desired;
        ALOGV("continueWrite Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
        mDataCapacity = desired;
        mObjectsSize = mObjectsCapacity = objectsSize;
        mNextObjectHint = 0;
        mObjectsSorted = false;

    } else if (mData) {
        if (objectsSize < mObjectsSize) {
            // Need to release refs on any objects we are dropping.
            const sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
            for (size_t i=objectsSize; i<mObjectsSize; i++) {
                const flat_binder_object* flat
                    = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData+mObjects[i]);
                if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
                    // will need to rescan because we may have lopped off the only FDs
                    mFdsKnown = false;
                }
                release_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
            }

            if (objectsSize == 0) {
                free(mObjects);
                mObjects = nullptr;
                mObjectsCapacity = 0;
            } else {
                binder_size_t* objects =
                    (binder_size_t*)realloc(mObjects, objectsSize*sizeof(binder_size_t));
                if (objects) {
                    mObjects = objects;
                    mObjectsCapacity = objectsSize;
                }
            }
            mObjectsSize = objectsSize;
            mNextObjectHint = 0;
            mObjectsSorted = false;
        }

        // We own the data, so we can just do a realloc().
        if (desired > mDataCapacity) {
            uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)realloc(mData, desired);
            if (data) {
                LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: continue from %zu to %zu capacity", this, mDataCapacity,
                        desired);
                pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
                gParcelGlobalAllocSize += desired;
                gParcelGlobalAllocSize -= mDataCapacity;
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
                mData = data;
                mDataCapacity = desired;
            } else {
                mError = NO_MEMORY;
                return NO_MEMORY;
            }
        } else {
            if (mDataSize > desired) {
                mDataSize = desired;
                ALOGV("continueWrite Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
            }
            if (mDataPos > desired) {
                mDataPos = desired;
                ALOGV("continueWrite Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
            }
        }

    } else {
        // This is the first data.  Easy!
        uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)malloc(desired);
        if (!data) {
            mError = NO_MEMORY;
            return NO_MEMORY;
        }

        if(!(mDataCapacity == 0 && mObjects == nullptr
             && mObjectsCapacity == 0)) {
            ALOGE("continueWrite: %zu/%p/%zu/%zu", mDataCapacity, mObjects, mObjectsCapacity, desired);
        }

        LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: allocating with %zu capacity", this, desired);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);
        gParcelGlobalAllocSize += desired;
        gParcelGlobalAllocCount++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&gParcelGlobalAllocSizeLock);

        mData = data;
        mDataSize = mDataPos = 0;
        ALOGV("continueWrite Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
        ALOGV("continueWrite Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
        mDataCapacity = desired;
    }

    return NO_ERROR;
}

void Parcel::initState()
{
    LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: initState", this);
    mError = NO_ERROR;
    mData = nullptr;
    mDataSize = 0;
    mDataCapacity = 0;
    mDataPos = 0;
    ALOGV("initState Setting data size of %p to %zu", this, mDataSize);
    ALOGV("initState Setting data pos of %p to %zu", this, mDataPos);
    mObjects = nullptr;
    mObjectsSize = 0;
    mObjectsCapacity = 0;
    mNextObjectHint = 0;
    mObjectsSorted = false;
    mHasFds = false;
    mFdsKnown = true;
    mAllowFds = true;
    mOwner = nullptr;
    mOpenAshmemSize = 0;
    mWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition = 0;
    mRequestHeaderPresent = false;

    // racing multiple init leads only to multiple identical write
    if (gMaxFds == 0) {
        struct rlimit result;
        if (!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &result)) {
            gMaxFds = (size_t)result.rlim_cur;
            //ALOGI("parcel fd limit set to %zu", gMaxFds);
        } else {
            ALOGW("Unable to getrlimit: %s", strerror(errno));
            gMaxFds = 1024;
        }
    }
}

void Parcel::scanForFds() const
{
    bool hasFds = false;
    for (size_t i=0; i<mObjectsSize; i++) {
        const flat_binder_object* flat
            = reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData + mObjects[i]);
        if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
            hasFds = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    mHasFds = hasFds;
    mFdsKnown = true;
}

size_t Parcel::getBlobAshmemSize() const
{
    // This used to return the size of all blobs that were written to ashmem, now we're returning
    // the ashmem currently referenced by this Parcel, which should be equivalent.
    // TODO: Remove method once ABI can be changed.
    return mOpenAshmemSize;
}

size_t Parcel::getOpenAshmemSize() const
{
    return mOpenAshmemSize;
}

// --- Parcel::Blob ---

Parcel::Blob::Blob() :
        mFd(-1), mData(nullptr), mSize(0), mMutable(false) {
}

Parcel::Blob::~Blob() {
    release();
}

void Parcel::Blob::release() {
    if (mFd != -1 && mData) {
        ::munmap(mData, mSize);
    }
    clear();
}

void Parcel::Blob::init(int fd, void* data, size_t size, bool isMutable) {
    mFd = fd;
    mData = data;
    mSize = size;
    mMutable = isMutable;
}

void Parcel::Blob::clear() {
    mFd = -1;
    mData = nullptr;
    mSize = 0;
    mMutable = false;
}

} // namespace android