diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
index 26b280d..02e7337 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include <SkImage.h>
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkImageGanesh.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLBackendSurface.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSurface.h>
 #include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkTypes.h>
-#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include "ColorSpaces.h"
 #include "log/log_main.h"
 #include "utils/Trace.h"
@@ -35,47 +35,37 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-AutoBackendTexture::AutoBackendTexture(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
+AutoBackendTexture::AutoBackendTexture(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
                                        bool isOutputBuffer, CleanupManager& cleanupMgr)
-      : mGrContext(context), mCleanupMgr(cleanupMgr), mIsOutputBuffer(isOutputBuffer) {
+      : mGrContext(context->grDirectContext()),
+        mCleanupMgr(cleanupMgr),
+        mIsOutputBuffer(isOutputBuffer) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+
     AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc;
     AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer, &desc);
     bool createProtectedImage = 0 != (desc.usage & AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_PROTECTED_CONTENT);
     GrBackendFormat backendFormat;
 
-    GrBackendApi backend = context->backend();
+    GrBackendApi backend = mGrContext->backend();
     if (backend == GrBackendApi::kOpenGL) {
         backendFormat =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetGLBackendFormat(context, desc.format, false);
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetGLBackendFormat(mGrContext.get(), desc.format, false);
         mBackendTexture =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeGLBackendTexture(context,
-                                                             buffer,
-                                                             desc.width,
-                                                             desc.height,
-                                                             &mDeleteProc,
-                                                             &mUpdateProc,
-                                                             &mImageCtx,
-                                                             createProtectedImage,
-                                                             backendFormat,
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeGLBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), buffer, desc.width,
+                                                             desc.height, &mDeleteProc,
+                                                             &mUpdateProc, &mImageCtx,
+                                                             createProtectedImage, backendFormat,
                                                              isOutputBuffer);
     } else if (backend == GrBackendApi::kVulkan) {
-        backendFormat =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetVulkanBackendFormat(context,
-                                                               buffer,
-                                                               desc.format,
-                                                               false);
+        backendFormat = GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetVulkanBackendFormat(mGrContext.get(), buffer,
+                                                                       desc.format, false);
         mBackendTexture =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeVulkanBackendTexture(context,
-                                                                 buffer,
-                                                                 desc.width,
-                                                                 desc.height,
-                                                                 &mDeleteProc,
-                                                                 &mUpdateProc,
-                                                                 &mImageCtx,
-                                                                 createProtectedImage,
-                                                                 backendFormat,
-                                                                 isOutputBuffer);
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeVulkanBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), buffer,
+                                                                 desc.width, desc.height,
+                                                                 &mDeleteProc, &mUpdateProc,
+                                                                 &mImageCtx, createProtectedImage,
+                                                                 backendFormat, isOutputBuffer);
     } else {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected backend %u", static_cast<unsigned>(backend));
     }
@@ -162,7 +152,7 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (mBackendTexture.isValid()) {
-        mUpdateProc(mImageCtx, mGrContext);
+        mUpdateProc(mImageCtx, mGrContext.get());
     }
 
     auto colorType = mColorType;
@@ -173,7 +163,7 @@
     }
 
     sk_sp<SkImage> image =
-            SkImages::BorrowTextureFrom(mGrContext, mBackendTexture, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
+            SkImages::BorrowTextureFrom(mGrContext.get(), mBackendTexture, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
                                         colorType, alphaType, toSkColorSpace(dataspace),
                                         releaseImageProc, this);
     if (image.get()) {
@@ -194,7 +184,7 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mIsOutputBuffer, "You can't generate a SkSurface for a read-only texture");
     if (!mSurface.get() || mDataspace != dataspace) {
         sk_sp<SkSurface> surface =
-                SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(mGrContext, mBackendTexture,
+                SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), mBackendTexture,
                                                kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin, 0, mColorType,
                                                toSkColorSpace(dataspace), nullptr,
                                                releaseSurfaceProc, this);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
index 17e183a..1d5b565 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@
     // of shared ownership with Skia objects, so we wrap it here instead.
     class LocalRef {
     public:
-        LocalRef(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
+        LocalRef(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
                  CleanupManager& cleanupMgr) {
             mTexture = new AutoBackendTexture(context, buffer, isOutputBuffer, cleanupMgr);
             mTexture->ref();
@@ -113,8 +114,10 @@
     };
 
 private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AutoBackendTexture);
+
     // Creates a GrBackendTexture whose contents come from the provided buffer.
-    AutoBackendTexture(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
+    AutoBackendTexture(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
                        CleanupManager& cleanupMgr);
 
     // The only way to invoke dtor is with unref, when mUsageCount is 0.
@@ -139,14 +142,14 @@
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::UpdateImageProc mUpdateProc;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::TexImageCtx mImageCtx;
 
-    const GrDirectContext* mGrContext = nullptr;
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite abstractions for ABT.
+    const sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext = nullptr;
     CleanupManager& mCleanupMgr;
 
     static void releaseSurfaceProc(SkSurface::ReleaseContext releaseContext);
     static void releaseImageProc(SkImages::ReleaseContext releaseContext);
 
     int mUsageCount = 0;
-
     const bool mIsOutputBuffer;
     sk_sp<SkImage> mImage = nullptr;
     sk_sp<SkSurface> mSurface = nullptr;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index fea4129..f10c98d 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "SkiaGLRenderEngine.h"
 
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaGLRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaGLRenderEngine(args, display, ctxt,
                                                                       placeholder, protectedContext,
                                                                       protectedPlaceholder));
-    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    engine->ensureContextsCreated();
 
     ALOGI("OpenGL ES informations:");
     ALOGI("vendor    : %s", extensions.getVendor());
@@ -295,9 +297,7 @@
     eglReleaseThread();
 }
 
-SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaGLRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
-    const GrContextOptions& options) {
-
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaGLRenderEngine::createContexts() {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(isProtected(),
                         "Cannot setup contexts while already in protected mode");
 
@@ -306,10 +306,10 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!glInterface.get(), "GrGLMakeNativeInterface() failed");
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+    contexts.first = SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(glInterface, mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kYes);
-        contexts.second = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+        contexts.second = SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(glInterface, mSkSLCacheMonitor);
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kNo);
     }
 
@@ -330,14 +330,14 @@
     return eglMakeCurrent(mEGLDisplay, surface, surface, context) == EGL_TRUE;
 }
 
-void SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext*, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+void SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence(SkiaGpuContext*, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
     if (fenceFd.get() >= 0 && !waitGpuFence(fenceFd)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence");
         sync_wait(fenceFd.get(), -1);
     }
 }
 
-base::unique_fd SkiaGLRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+base::unique_fd SkiaGLRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) {
     base::unique_fd drawFence = flush();
 
     bool requireSync = drawFence.get() < 0;
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@
     } else {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("Submit(sync=false)");
     }
-    bool success = grContext->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes :
-                                                   GrSyncCpu::kNo);
+    bool success =
+            context->grDirectContext()->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes : GrSyncCpu::kNo);
     ATRACE_END();
     if (!success) {
         ALOGE("Failed to flush RenderEngine commands");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index af33110..2e22478 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@
 protected:
     // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
     // rendering backend
-    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts();
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
-    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) override;
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index aeedb03..27daeba 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 
 #include "Cache.h"
 #include "ColorSpaces.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h"
@@ -290,14 +291,12 @@
         delete mBlurFilter;
     }
 
-    if (mGrContext) {
-        mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
-        mGrContext->abandonContext();
+    if (mContext) {
+        mContext->finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
     }
 
-    if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-        mProtectedGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
-        mProtectedGrContext->abandonContext();
+    if (mProtectedContext) {
+        mProtectedContext->finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
     }
 }
 
@@ -308,24 +307,24 @@
     }
 
     // release any scratch resources before switching into a new mode
-    if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
+    if (getActiveContext()) {
+        getActiveContext()->purgeUnlockedScratchResources();
     }
 
     // Backend-specific way to switch to protected context
     if (useProtectedContextImpl(
             useProtectedContext ? GrProtected::kYes : GrProtected::kNo)) {
         mInProtectedContext = useProtectedContext;
-        // given that we are sharing the same thread between two GrContexts we need to
+        // given that we are sharing the same thread between two contexts we need to
         // make sure that the thread state is reset when switching between the two.
-        if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-            getActiveGrContext()->resetContext();
+        if (getActiveContext()) {
+            getActiveContext()->resetContextIfApplicable();
         }
     }
 }
 
-GrDirectContext* SkiaRenderEngine::getActiveGrContext() {
-    return mInProtectedContext ? mProtectedGrContext.get() : mGrContext.get();
+SkiaGpuContext* SkiaRenderEngine::getActiveContext() {
+    return mInProtectedContext ? mProtectedContext.get() : mContext.get();
 }
 
 static float toDegrees(uint32_t transform) {
@@ -374,17 +373,12 @@
             sourceTransfer != destTransfer;
 }
 
-void SkiaRenderEngine::ensureGrContextsCreated() {
-    if (mGrContext) {
+void SkiaRenderEngine::ensureContextsCreated() {
+    if (mContext) {
         return;
     }
 
-    GrContextOptions options;
-    options.fDisableDriverCorrectnessWorkarounds = true;
-    options.fDisableDistanceFieldPaths = true;
-    options.fReducedShaderVariations = true;
-    options.fPersistentCache = &mSkSLCacheMonitor;
-    std::tie(mGrContext, mProtectedGrContext) = createDirectContexts(options);
+    std::tie(mContext, mProtectedContext) = createContexts();
 }
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
@@ -413,7 +407,7 @@
     // switch back after the buffer is cached).  However, for non-protected content we can bind
     // the texture in either GL context because they are initialized with the same share_context
     // which allows the texture state to be shared between them.
-    auto grContext = getActiveGrContext();
+    auto context = getActiveContext();
     auto& cache = mTextureCache;
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mRenderingMutex);
@@ -424,8 +418,7 @@
             isRenderable = buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER;
         }
         std::shared_ptr<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef> imageTextureRef =
-                std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(grContext,
-                                                               buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
+                std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(context, buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
                                                                isRenderable, mTextureCleanupMgr);
         cache.insert({buffer->getId(), imageTextureRef});
     }
@@ -477,7 +470,7 @@
             return it->second;
         }
     }
-    return std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(getActiveGrContext(),
+    return std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(getActiveContext(),
                                                           buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
                                                           isOutputBuffer, mTextureCleanupMgr);
 }
@@ -667,8 +660,8 @@
 
     validateOutputBufferUsage(buffer->getBuffer());
 
-    auto grContext = getActiveGrContext();
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(grContext->abandoned(), "GrContext is abandoned/device lost at start of %s",
+    auto context = getActiveContext();
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(context->isAbandoned(), "Context is abandoned/device lost at start of %s",
                         __func__);
 
     // any AutoBackendTexture deletions will now be deferred until cleanupPostRender is called
@@ -677,7 +670,7 @@
     auto surfaceTextureRef = getOrCreateBackendTexture(buffer->getBuffer(), true);
 
     // wait on the buffer to be ready to use prior to using it
-    waitFence(grContext, bufferFence);
+    waitFence(context, bufferFence);
 
     sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface = surfaceTextureRef->getOrCreateSurface(display.outputDataspace);
 
@@ -844,7 +837,7 @@
             if (blurRect.width() > 0 && blurRect.height() > 0) {
                 if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                     ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundBlur");
-                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
+                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(context, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
                                                               blurInput, blurRect);
 
                     cachedBlurs[layer.backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
@@ -858,7 +851,7 @@
                     if (cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] == nullptr) {
                         ATRACE_NAME("BlurRegion");
                         cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] =
-                                mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, region.blurRadius, blurInput,
+                                mBlurFilter->generate(context, region.blurRadius, blurInput,
                                                       blurRect);
                     }
 
@@ -947,7 +940,7 @@
             // if the layer's buffer has a fence, then we must must respect the fence prior to using
             // the buffer.
             if (layer.source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
-                waitFence(grContext, layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
+                waitFence(context, layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
             }
 
             // isOpaque means we need to ignore the alpha in the image,
@@ -1158,7 +1151,7 @@
         skgpu::ganesh::Flush(activeSurface);
     }
 
-    auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(grContext));
+    auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(context));
 
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
         static gui::FenceMonitor sMonitor("RE Completion");
@@ -1168,11 +1161,11 @@
 }
 
 size_t SkiaRenderEngine::getMaxTextureSize() const {
-    return mGrContext->maxTextureSize();
+    return mContext->getMaxTextureSize();
 }
 
 size_t SkiaRenderEngine::getMaxViewportDims() const {
-    return mGrContext->maxRenderTargetSize();
+    return mContext->getMaxRenderTargetSize();
 }
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::drawShadow(SkCanvas* canvas,
@@ -1198,13 +1191,13 @@
     const int maxResourceBytes = size.width * size.height * SURFACE_SIZE_MULTIPLIER;
 
     // start by resizing the current context
-    getActiveGrContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+    getActiveContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
 
     // if it is possible to switch contexts then we will resize the other context
     const bool originalProtectedState = mInProtectedContext;
     useProtectedContext(!mInProtectedContext);
     if (mInProtectedContext != originalProtectedState) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+        getActiveContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
         // reset back to the initial context that was active when this method was called
         useProtectedContext(originalProtectedState);
     }
@@ -1244,7 +1237,7 @@
                 {"skia", "Other"},
         };
         SkiaMemoryReporter gpuReporter(gpuResourceMap, true);
-        mGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuReporter);
+        mContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuReporter);
         StringAppendF(&result, "Skia's GPU Caches: ");
         gpuReporter.logTotals(result);
         gpuReporter.logOutput(result);
@@ -1268,8 +1261,8 @@
         StringAppendF(&result, "\n");
 
         SkiaMemoryReporter gpuProtectedReporter(gpuResourceMap, true);
-        if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-            mProtectedGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuProtectedReporter);
+        if (mProtectedContext) {
+            mProtectedContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuProtectedReporter);
         }
         StringAppendF(&result, "Skia's GPU Protected Caches: ");
         gpuProtectedReporter.logTotals(result);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
index e88d44c..9f892bd 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
-#include <GrDirectContext.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "AutoBackendTexture.h"
 #include "GrContextOptions.h"
 #include "SkImageInfo.h"
-#include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 #include "debug/SkiaCapture.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/LinearEffect.h"
@@ -76,24 +76,25 @@
     bool supportsProtectedContent() const override {
         return supportsProtectedContentImpl();
     }
-    void ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    void ensureContextsCreated();
+
 protected:
     // This is so backends can stop the generic rendering state first before
     // cleaning up backend-specific state
     void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
 
     // Functions that a given backend (GLES, Vulkan) must implement
-    using Contexts = std::pair<sk_sp<GrDirectContext>, sk_sp<GrDirectContext>>;
-    virtual Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options) = 0;
+    using Contexts = std::pair<unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext>, unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext>>;
+    virtual Contexts createContexts() = 0;
     virtual bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const = 0;
     virtual bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) = 0;
-    virtual void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) = 0;
-    virtual base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) = 0;
+    virtual void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) = 0;
+    virtual base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) = 0;
     virtual void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) = 0;
 
     size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override final;
     size_t getMaxViewportDims() const override final;
-    GrDirectContext* getActiveGrContext();
+    SkiaGpuContext* getActiveContext();
 
     bool isProtected() const { return mInProtectedContext; }
 
@@ -121,6 +122,8 @@
         int mTotalShadersCompiled = 0;
     };
 
+    SkSLCacheMonitor mSkSLCacheMonitor;
+
 private:
     void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                   bool isRenderable) override final;
@@ -183,12 +186,11 @@
     // Mutex guarding rendering operations, so that internal state related to
     // rendering that is potentially modified by multiple threads is guaranteed thread-safe.
     mutable std::mutex mRenderingMutex;
-    SkSLCacheMonitor mSkSLCacheMonitor;
 
     // Graphics context used for creating surfaces and submitting commands
-    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext;
+    unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> mContext;
     // Same as above, but for protected content (eg. DRM)
-    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mProtectedGrContext;
+    unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> mProtectedContext;
     bool mInProtectedContext = false;
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index f2f1b5d..d854929 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 
 #include "SkiaVkRenderEngine.h"
 
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
-#include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
-#include <vk/GrVkTypes.h>
+#include <GrDirectContext.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSemaphore.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
+#include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
+#include <vk/GrVkTypes.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@
 std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(
         const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaVkRenderEngine(args));
-    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    engine->ensureContextsCreated();
 
     if (sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
         ALOGD("SkiaVkRenderEngine::%s: successfully initialized SkiaVkRenderEngine", __func__);
@@ -103,16 +106,16 @@
     finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
 }
 
-SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
-        const GrContextOptions& options) {
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createContexts() {
     sSetupVulkanInterface();
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(sVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(), options);
+    contexts.first = SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(sVulkanInterface.getGaneshBackendContext(),
+                                                       mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
-        contexts.second =
-                GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(),
-                                             options);
+        contexts.second = SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface
+                                                                    .getGaneshBackendContext(),
+                                                            mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     }
 
     return contexts;
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@
     return sVulkanInterface;
 }
 
-void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
     if (fenceFd.get() < 0) return;
 
     int dupedFd = dup(fenceFd.get());
@@ -153,10 +156,11 @@
     VkSemaphore waitSemaphore =
             getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(fenceDup.release());
     GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(waitSemaphore);
-    grContext->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
+    context->grDirectContext()->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
 }
 
-base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) {
+    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext = context->grDirectContext();
     VulkanInterface& vi = getVulkanInterface(isProtected());
     VkSemaphore semaphore = vi.createExportableSemaphore();
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
index ca0dcbf..28b7595 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
 #include "VulkanInterface.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
@@ -72,11 +73,11 @@
 protected:
     // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
     // rendering backend
-    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts() override;
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
-    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) override;
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
index 453cdc1..2f09a38 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-GrVkBackendContext VulkanInterface::getBackendContext() {
+GrVkBackendContext VulkanInterface::getGaneshBackendContext() {
     GrVkBackendContext backendContext;
     backendContext.fInstance = mInstance;
     backendContext.fPhysicalDevice = mPhysicalDevice;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
index c3936d9..512e62c 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     void teardown();
 
     // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant (external/skia/include/gpu/vk/VulkanBackendContext.h)
-    GrVkBackendContext getBackendContext();
+    GrVkBackendContext getGaneshBackendContext();
     VkSemaphore createExportableSemaphore();
     VkSemaphore importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(int syncFd);
     int exportSemaphoreSyncFd(VkSemaphore semaphore);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51c6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GaneshGpuContext.h"
+
+#include <include/core/SkImageInfo.h>
+#include <include/core/SkSurface.h>
+#include <include/core/SkTraceMemoryDump.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrTypes.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+namespace {
+// TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant.
+static GrContextOptions ganeshOptions(GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    GrContextOptions options;
+    options.fDisableDriverCorrectnessWorkarounds = true;
+    options.fDisableDistanceFieldPaths = true;
+    options.fReducedShaderVariations = true;
+    options.fPersistentCache = &skSLCacheMonitor;
+    return options;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(
+        sk_sp<const GrGLInterface> glInterface,
+        GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    return std::make_unique<GaneshGpuContext>(
+            GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, ganeshOptions(skSLCacheMonitor)));
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(
+        const GrVkBackendContext& grVkBackendContext,
+        GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    return std::make_unique<GaneshGpuContext>(
+            GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(grVkBackendContext, ganeshOptions(skSLCacheMonitor)));
+}
+
+GaneshGpuContext::GaneshGpuContext(sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext) : mGrContext(grContext) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mGrContext.get() == nullptr, "GrDirectContext creation failed");
+}
+
+sk_sp<GrDirectContext> GaneshGpuContext::grDirectContext() {
+    return mGrContext;
+}
+
+sk_sp<SkSurface> GaneshGpuContext::createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) {
+    constexpr int kSampleCount = 1; // enable AA
+    constexpr SkSurfaceProps* kProps = nullptr;
+    constexpr bool kMipmapped = false;
+    return SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(mGrContext.get(), skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, imageInfo, kSampleCount,
+                                    kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin, kProps, kMipmapped,
+                                    mGrContext->supportsProtectedContent());
+}
+
+size_t GaneshGpuContext::getMaxRenderTargetSize() const {
+    return mGrContext->maxRenderTargetSize();
+};
+
+size_t GaneshGpuContext::getMaxTextureSize() const {
+    return mGrContext->maxTextureSize();
+};
+
+bool GaneshGpuContext::isAbandoned() {
+    return mGrContext->abandoned();
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) {
+    mGrContext->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() {
+    mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
+    mGrContext->abandonContext();
+};
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::purgeUnlockedScratchResources() {
+    mGrContext->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::resetContextIfApplicable() {
+    mGrContext->resetContext(); // Only applicable to GL
+};
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const {
+    mGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(traceMemoryDump);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59001ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+class GaneshGpuContext : public SkiaGpuContext {
+public:
+    GaneshGpuContext(sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext);
+    ~GaneshGpuContext() override = default;
+
+    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grDirectContext() override;
+
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) override;
+
+    size_t getMaxRenderTargetSize() const override;
+    size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override;
+    bool isAbandoned() override;
+    void setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) override;
+
+    void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() override;
+    void purgeUnlockedScratchResources() override;
+    void resetContextIfApplicable() override;
+
+    void dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const override;
+
+private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(GaneshGpuContext);
+
+    const sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba167f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "RenderEngine"
+
+#include <include/core/SkSurface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+/**
+ * Abstraction over Ganesh and Graphite's underlying context-like objects.
+ */
+class SkiaGpuContext {
+public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> MakeGL_Ganesh(
+            sk_sp<const GrGLInterface> glInterface,
+            GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor);
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant.
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> MakeVulkan_Ganesh(
+            const GrVkBackendContext& grVkBackendContext,
+            GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor);
+
+    virtual ~SkiaGpuContext() = default;
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Maybe expose whether this SkiaGpuContext is using Ganesh or Graphite?
+    /**
+     * Only callable on Ganesh-backed instances of SkiaGpuContext, otherwise fatal.
+     */
+    virtual sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grDirectContext() {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("grDirectContext() called on a non-Ganesh instance of SkiaGpuContext!");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notes:
+     * - The surface doesn't count against Skia's caching budgets.
+     * - Protected status is set to match the implementation's underlying context.
+     * - The origin of the surface in texture space corresponds to the top-left content pixel.
+     * - AA is always enabled.
+     */
+    virtual sk_sp<SkSurface> createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool isAbandoned() = 0;
+    virtual size_t getMaxRenderTargetSize() const = 0;
+    virtual size_t getMaxTextureSize() const = 0;
+    virtual void setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) = 0;
+
+    virtual void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() = 0;
+    virtual void purgeUnlockedScratchResources() = 0;
+    virtual void resetContextIfApplicable() = 0; // No-op outside of GL (&& Ganesh at this point.)
+
+    virtual void dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
index 9cddc75..180c922 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 
+#include "../compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 using namespace std;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -38,8 +40,9 @@
     virtual ~BlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
-                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
+    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+                                    const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput,
+                                    const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
 
     /**
      * Draw the blurred content (from the generate method) into the canvas.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
index e72c501..c9499cb 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@
 
 GaussianBlurFilter::GaussianBlurFilter(): BlurFilter(/* maxCrossFadeRadius= */ 0.0f) {}
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
-                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input, const SkRect& blurRect)
-    const {
+sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
+                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input,
+                                            const SkRect& blurRect) const {
     // Create blur surface with the bit depth and colorspace of the original surface
     SkImageInfo scaledInfo = input->imageInfo().makeWH(std::ceil(blurRect.width() * kInputScale),
                                                        std::ceil(blurRect.height() * kInputScale));
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(context,
-                                                        skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, scaledInfo);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = context->createRenderTarget(scaledInfo);
 
     SkPaint paint;
     paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
index a4febd2..878ab21 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@
     virtual ~GaussianBlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
                             const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
-
 };
 
 } // namespace skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
index 09f09a6..7a070d7 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@
     return surface->makeImageSnapshot();
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context,
-                                          const uint32_t blurRadius,
+sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
                                           const sk_sp<SkImage> input,
                                           const SkRect& blurRect) const {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(context == nullptr, "%s: Needs GPU context", __func__);
@@ -108,12 +107,7 @@
             input->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear, blurMatrix);
     blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = radiusByPasses * kInputScale;
 
-    constexpr int kSampleCount = 1;
-    constexpr bool kMipmapped = false;
-    constexpr SkSurfaceProps* kProps = nullptr;
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(context, skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, scaledInfo,
-                                                        kSampleCount, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
-                                                        kProps, kMipmapped, input->isProtected());
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = context->createRenderTarget(scaledInfo);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!surface, "%s: Failed to create surface for blurring!", __func__);
     sk_sp<SkImage> tmpBlur = makeImage(surface.get(), &blurBuilder);
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
index 0ac5ac8..429a537 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     virtual ~KawaseBlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
                             const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
 
 private: