diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index 9128542..210f977 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -1371,10 +1371,12 @@
         return kSecondaryDexAccessReadOk;
     } else {
         if (errno == ENOENT) {
-            LOG(INFO) << "Secondary dex does not exist: " <<  dex_path;
+            async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG,
+                    "Secondary dex does not exist: %s", dex_path.c_str());
             return kSecondaryDexAccessDoesNotExist;
         } else {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not access secondary dex " << dex_path;
+            async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG,
+                    "Could not access secondary dex: %s (%d)", dex_path.c_str(), errno);
             return errno == EACCES
                 ? kSecondaryDexAccessPermissionError
                 : kSecondaryDexAccessIOError;
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
index 9943e47..b521266 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
@@ -349,7 +349,11 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(listen(serverFd.get(), 1 /*backlog*/))) {
+    // Right now, we create all threads at once, making accept4 slow. To avoid hanging the client,
+    // the backlog is increased to a large number.
+    // TODO(b/189955605): Once we create threads dynamically & lazily, the backlog can be reduced
+    //  to 1.
+    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(listen(serverFd.get(), 50 /*backlog*/))) {
         int savedErrno = errno;
         ALOGE("Could not listen socket at %s: %s", addr.toString().c_str(), strerror(savedErrno));
         return false;
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
index b5eaaa3..5881703 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
@@ -34,11 +34,10 @@
 
 using base::ScopeGuard;
 
-#ifdef RPC_FLAKE_PRONE
+#if RPC_FLAKE_PRONE
 void rpcMaybeWaitToFlake() {
-    static std::random_device r;
-    static std::mutex m;
-
+    [[clang::no_destroy]] static std::random_device r;
+    [[clang::no_destroy]] static std::mutex m;
     unsigned num;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcState.h b/libs/binder/RpcState.h
index 8201eba..5ac0b97 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcState.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 
 #define RPC_FLAKE_PRONE false
 
-#ifdef RPC_FLAKE_PRONE
+#if RPC_FLAKE_PRONE
 void rpcMaybeWaitToFlake();
 #define MAYBE_WAIT_IN_FLAKE_MODE rpcMaybeWaitToFlake()
 #else
diff --git a/libs/binder/Status.cpp b/libs/binder/Status.cpp
index b5a078c..a44c578 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Status.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Status.cpp
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@
     }
 
     // The remote threw an exception.  Get the message back.
-    String16 message;
+    std::optional<String16> message;
     status = parcel.readString16(&message);
     if (status != OK) {
         setFromStatusT(status);
         return status;
     }
-    mMessage = String8(message);
+    mMessage = String8(message.value_or(String16()));
 
     // Skip over the remote stack trace data
     int32_t remote_stack_trace_header_size;
diff --git a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
index 269b867..9c5ce67 100644
--- a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@
       "name": "CtsOsTestCases",
       "options": [
         {
+          "exclude-annotation": "android.platform.test.annotations.LargeTest"
+        },
+        {
           "exclude-filter": "android.os.cts.BuildTest#testSdkInt"
         },
         {
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
index f79b1b7..dd0c7b8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! declare_binder_enum {
     {
-        $enum:ident : $backing:ty {
+        $enum:ident : [$backing:ty; $size:expr] {
             $( $name:ident = $value:expr, )*
         }
     } => {
@@ -905,6 +905,11 @@
         pub struct $enum(pub $backing);
         impl $enum {
             $( pub const $name: Self = Self($value); )*
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            pub const fn enum_values() -> [Self; $size] {
+                [$(Self::$name),*]
+            }
         }
 
         impl $crate::parcel::Serialize for $enum {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
index 0ff7e95..20a843f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@
 
 static constexpr bool DEBUG = false;
 
-static const char* DEVICE_PATH = "/dev/input";
+static const char* DEVICE_INPUT_PATH = "/dev/input";
 // v4l2 devices go directly into /dev
-static const char* VIDEO_DEVICE_PATH = "/dev";
+static const char* DEVICE_PATH = "/dev";
 
 static inline const char* toString(bool value) {
     return value ? "true" : "false";
@@ -298,15 +298,23 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEpollFd < 0, "Could not create epoll instance: %s", strerror(errno));
 
     mINotifyFd = inotify_init();
-    mInputWd = inotify_add_watch(mINotifyFd, DEVICE_PATH, IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mInputWd < 0, "Could not register INotify for %s: %s", DEVICE_PATH,
-                        strerror(errno));
-    if (isV4lScanningEnabled()) {
-        mVideoWd = inotify_add_watch(mINotifyFd, VIDEO_DEVICE_PATH, IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mVideoWd < 0, "Could not register INotify for %s: %s",
-                            VIDEO_DEVICE_PATH, strerror(errno));
+
+    std::error_code errorCode;
+    bool isDeviceInotifyAdded = false;
+    if (std::filesystem::exists(DEVICE_INPUT_PATH, errorCode)) {
+        addDeviceInputInotify();
     } else {
-        mVideoWd = -1;
+        addDeviceInotify();
+        isDeviceInotifyAdded = true;
+        if (errorCode) {
+            ALOGW("Could not run filesystem::exists() due to error %d : %s.", errorCode.value(),
+                  errorCode.message().c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (isV4lScanningEnabled() && !isDeviceInotifyAdded) {
+        addDeviceInotify();
+    } else {
         ALOGI("Video device scanning disabled");
     }
 
@@ -352,6 +360,23 @@
     ::close(mWakeWritePipeFd);
 }
 
+/**
+ * On devices that don't have any input devices (like some development boards), the /dev/input
+ * directory will be absent. However, the user may still plug in an input device at a later time.
+ * Add watch for contents of /dev/input only when /dev/input appears.
+ */
+void EventHub::addDeviceInputInotify() {
+    mDeviceInputWd = inotify_add_watch(mINotifyFd, DEVICE_INPUT_PATH, IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mDeviceInputWd < 0, "Could not register INotify for %s: %s",
+                        DEVICE_INPUT_PATH, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+void EventHub::addDeviceInotify() {
+    mDeviceWd = inotify_add_watch(mINotifyFd, DEVICE_PATH, IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mDeviceWd < 0, "Could not register INotify for %s: %s",
+                        DEVICE_PATH, strerror(errno));
+}
+
 InputDeviceIdentifier EventHub::getDeviceIdentifier(int32_t deviceId) const {
     AutoMutex _l(mLock);
     Device* device = getDeviceLocked(deviceId);
@@ -1109,14 +1134,24 @@
 }
 
 void EventHub::scanDevicesLocked() {
-    status_t result = scanDirLocked(DEVICE_PATH);
-    if (result < 0) {
-        ALOGE("scan dir failed for %s", DEVICE_PATH);
+    status_t result;
+    std::error_code errorCode;
+
+    if (std::filesystem::exists(DEVICE_INPUT_PATH, errorCode)) {
+        result = scanDirLocked(DEVICE_INPUT_PATH);
+        if (result < 0) {
+            ALOGE("scan dir failed for %s", DEVICE_INPUT_PATH);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (errorCode) {
+            ALOGW("Could not run filesystem::exists() due to error %d : %s.", errorCode.value(),
+                  errorCode.message().c_str());
+        }
     }
     if (isV4lScanningEnabled()) {
-        result = scanVideoDirLocked(VIDEO_DEVICE_PATH);
+        result = scanVideoDirLocked(DEVICE_PATH);
         if (result != OK) {
-            ALOGE("scan video dir failed for %s", VIDEO_DEVICE_PATH);
+            ALOGE("scan video dir failed for %s", DEVICE_PATH);
         }
     }
     if (mDevices.indexOfKey(ReservedInputDeviceId::VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD_ID) < 0) {
@@ -1834,23 +1869,25 @@
     while (res >= (int)sizeof(*event)) {
         event = (struct inotify_event*)(event_buf + event_pos);
         if (event->len) {
-            if (event->wd == mInputWd) {
-                std::string filename = std::string(DEVICE_PATH) + "/" + event->name;
+            if (event->wd == mDeviceInputWd) {
+                std::string filename = std::string(DEVICE_INPUT_PATH) + "/" + event->name;
                 if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
                     openDeviceLocked(filename);
                 } else {
                     ALOGI("Removing device '%s' due to inotify event\n", filename.c_str());
                     closeDeviceByPathLocked(filename);
                 }
-            } else if (event->wd == mVideoWd) {
+            } else if (event->wd == mDeviceWd) {
                 if (isV4lTouchNode(event->name)) {
-                    std::string filename = std::string(VIDEO_DEVICE_PATH) + "/" + event->name;
+                    std::string filename = std::string(DEVICE_PATH) + "/" + event->name;
                     if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
                         openVideoDeviceLocked(filename);
                     } else {
                         ALOGI("Removing video device '%s' due to inotify event", filename.c_str());
                         closeVideoDeviceByPathLocked(filename);
                     }
+                } else if (strcmp(event->name, "input") == 0 && event->mask & IN_CREATE ) {
+                    addDeviceInputInotify();
                 }
             } else {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected inotify event, wd = %i", event->wd);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
index d0a6a3f..55f658e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
@@ -426,6 +426,9 @@
     status_t mapLed(Device* device, int32_t led, int32_t* outScanCode) const;
     void setLedStateLocked(Device* device, int32_t led, bool on);
 
+    void addDeviceInputInotify();
+    void addDeviceInotify();
+
     // Protect all internal state.
     mutable Mutex mLock;
 
@@ -465,8 +468,8 @@
     int mWakeReadPipeFd;
     int mWakeWritePipeFd;
 
-    int mInputWd;
-    int mVideoWd;
+    int mDeviceInputWd;
+    int mDeviceWd = -1;
 
     // Maximum number of signalled FDs to handle at a time.
     static const int EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS = 16;