diff --git a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
index fbc8125..8b65d63 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
@@ -613,16 +613,20 @@
 
 void IPCThreadState::blockUntilThreadAvailable()
 {
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
-    mProcess->mWaitingForThreads++;
-    while (mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount >= mProcess->mMaxThreads) {
-        ALOGW("Waiting for thread to be free. mExecutingThreadsCount=%lu mMaxThreads=%lu\n",
-                static_cast<unsigned long>(mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount),
-                static_cast<unsigned long>(mProcess->mMaxThreads));
-        pthread_cond_wait(&mProcess->mThreadCountDecrement, &mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
-    }
-    mProcess->mWaitingForThreads--;
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
+    std::unique_lock lock_guard_(mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableLock);
+    mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableWaiting++;
+    mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableCondVar.wait(lock_guard_, [&] {
+        size_t max = mProcess->mMaxThreads;
+        size_t cur = mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount;
+        if (cur < max) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        ALOGW("Waiting for thread to be free. mExecutingThreadsCount=%" PRId64
+              " mMaxThreads=%" PRId64 "\n",
+              cur, max);
+        return false;
+    });
+    mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableWaiting--;
 }
 
 status_t IPCThreadState::getAndExecuteCommand()
@@ -642,34 +646,33 @@
             ALOGI("%s", message.c_str());
         }
 
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
-        mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount++;
-        if (mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount >= mProcess->mMaxThreads &&
-                mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs == 0) {
-            mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs = uptimeMillis();
+        size_t newThreadsCount = mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount.fetch_add(1) + 1;
+        if (newThreadsCount >= mProcess->mMaxThreads) {
+            int64_t expected = 0;
+            mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs.compare_exchange_strong(expected, uptimeMillis());
         }
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
 
         result = executeCommand(cmd);
 
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
-        mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount--;
-        if (mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount < mProcess->mMaxThreads &&
-                mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs != 0) {
-            int64_t starvationTimeMs = uptimeMillis() - mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs;
-            if (starvationTimeMs > 100) {
-                ALOGE("binder thread pool (%zu threads) starved for %" PRId64 " ms",
-                      mProcess->mMaxThreads, starvationTimeMs);
+        size_t maxThreads = mProcess->mMaxThreads;
+        newThreadsCount = mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount.fetch_sub(1) - 1;
+        if (newThreadsCount < maxThreads) {
+            size_t starvationStartTimeMs = mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs.exchange(0);
+            if (starvationStartTimeMs != 0) {
+                int64_t starvationTimeMs = uptimeMillis() - starvationStartTimeMs;
+                if (starvationTimeMs > 100) {
+                    ALOGE("binder thread pool (%zu threads) starved for %" PRId64 " ms", maxThreads,
+                          starvationTimeMs);
+                }
             }
-            mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs = 0;
         }
 
         // Cond broadcast can be expensive, so don't send it every time a binder
         // call is processed. b/168806193
-        if (mProcess->mWaitingForThreads > 0) {
-            pthread_cond_broadcast(&mProcess->mThreadCountDecrement);
+        if (mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableWaiting > 0) {
+            std::lock_guard lock_guard_(mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableLock);
+            mProcess->mOnThreadAvailableCondVar.notify_all();
         }
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
     }
 
     return result;
@@ -727,10 +730,9 @@
 
 void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
 {
-    LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS JOINING THE THREAD POOL\n", (void*)pthread_self(), getpid());
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
+    LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS JOINING THE THREAD POOL\n", (void*)pthread_self(),
+                   getpid());
     mProcess->mCurrentThreads++;
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
     mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
 
     mIsLooper = true;
@@ -758,13 +760,11 @@
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
     mIsLooper = false;
     talkWithDriver(false);
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mProcess->mCurrentThreads == 0,
-                        "Threadpool thread count = 0. Thread cannot exist and exit in empty "
-                        "threadpool\n"
+    size_t oldCount = mProcess->mCurrentThreads.fetch_sub(1);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(oldCount == 0,
+                        "Threadpool thread count underflowed. Thread cannot exist and exit in "
+                        "empty threadpool\n"
                         "Misconfiguration. Increase threadpool max threads configuration\n");
-    mProcess->mCurrentThreads--;
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
 }
 
 status_t IPCThreadState::setupPolling(int* fd)
@@ -776,9 +776,7 @@
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_ENTER_LOOPER);
     flushCommands();
     *fd = mProcess->mDriverFD;
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
     mProcess->mCurrentThreads++;
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
index 8485ecd..ad5a6b3 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
@@ -407,9 +407,7 @@
         ALOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", name.c_str());
         sp<Thread> t = sp<PoolThread>::make(isMain);
         t->run(name.c_str());
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&mThreadCountLock);
         mKernelStartedThreads++;
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mThreadCountLock);
     }
     // TODO: if startThreadPool is called on another thread after the process
     // starts up, the kernel might think that it already requested those
@@ -432,19 +430,19 @@
 }
 
 size_t ProcessState::getThreadPoolMaxTotalThreadCount() const {
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&mThreadCountLock);
-    auto detachGuard = make_scope_guard([&]() { pthread_mutex_unlock(&mThreadCountLock); });
-
     if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mKernelStartedThreads > mMaxThreads + 1,
-                            "too many kernel-started threads: %zu > %zu + 1", mKernelStartedThreads,
-                            mMaxThreads);
+        size_t kernelStarted = mKernelStartedThreads;
+        size_t max = mMaxThreads;
+        size_t current = mCurrentThreads;
+
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(kernelStarted > max + 1,
+                            "too many kernel-started threads: %zu > %zu + 1", kernelStarted, max);
 
         // calling startThreadPool starts a thread
         size_t threads = 1;
 
         // the kernel is configured to start up to mMaxThreads more threads
-        threads += mMaxThreads;
+        threads += max;
 
         // Users may call IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool directly. We don't
         // currently have a way to count this directly (it could be added by
@@ -454,8 +452,8 @@
         // in IPCThreadState, temporarily forget about the extra join threads.
         // This is okay, because most callers of this method only care about
         // having 0, 1, or more threads.
-        if (mCurrentThreads > mKernelStartedThreads) {
-            threads += mCurrentThreads - mKernelStartedThreads;
+        if (current > kernelStarted) {
+            threads += current - kernelStarted;
         }
 
         return threads;
@@ -463,10 +461,9 @@
 
     // must not be initialized or maybe has poll thread setup, we
     // currently don't track this in libbinder
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mKernelStartedThreads != 0,
-                        "Expecting 0 kernel started threads but have"
-                        " %zu",
-                        mKernelStartedThreads);
+    size_t kernelStarted = mKernelStartedThreads;
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(kernelStarted != 0, "Expecting 0 kernel started threads but have %zu",
+                        kernelStarted);
     return mCurrentThreads;
 }
 
@@ -554,10 +551,7 @@
       : mDriverName(String8(driver)),
         mDriverFD(-1),
         mVMStart(MAP_FAILED),
-        mThreadCountLock(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER),
-        mThreadCountDecrement(PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER),
         mExecutingThreadsCount(0),
-        mWaitingForThreads(0),
         mMaxThreads(DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS),
         mCurrentThreads(0),
         mKernelStartedThreads(0),
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
index a466638..11898a0 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include <pthread.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <mutex>
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -162,22 +163,21 @@
     int mDriverFD;
     void* mVMStart;
 
-    // Protects thread count and wait variables below.
-    mutable pthread_mutex_t mThreadCountLock;
-    // Broadcast whenever mWaitingForThreads > 0
-    pthread_cond_t mThreadCountDecrement;
+    mutable std::mutex mOnThreadAvailableLock;
+    std::condition_variable mOnThreadAvailableCondVar;
+    // Number of threads waiting on `mOnThreadAvailableCondVar`.
+    std::atomic_int64_t mOnThreadAvailableWaiting = 0;
+
     // Number of binder threads current executing a command.
-    size_t mExecutingThreadsCount;
-    // Number of threads calling IPCThreadState::blockUntilThreadAvailable()
-    size_t mWaitingForThreads;
+    std::atomic_size_t mExecutingThreadsCount;
     // Maximum number of lazy threads to be started in the threadpool by the kernel.
-    size_t mMaxThreads;
+    std::atomic_size_t mMaxThreads;
     // Current number of threads inside the thread pool.
-    size_t mCurrentThreads;
+    std::atomic_size_t mCurrentThreads;
     // Current number of pooled threads inside the thread pool.
-    size_t mKernelStartedThreads;
+    std::atomic_size_t mKernelStartedThreads;
     // Time when thread pool was emptied
-    int64_t mStarvationStartTimeMs;
+    std::atomic_int64_t mStarvationStartTimeMs;
 
     mutable std::mutex mLock; // protects everything below.