diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index ddf5d39..0848fac 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -197,15 +197,15 @@
         mUpdateDestinationFrame(updateDestinationFrame) {
     createBufferQueue(&mProducer, &mConsumer);
 #if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(WB_CONSUMER_BASE_OWNS_BQ)
-    mBufferItemConsumer = sp<BLASTBufferItemConsumer>::make(mProducer, mConsumer,
-                                                            GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
-                                                                    GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
-                                                            1, false, this);
+    mBufferItemConsumer = new BLASTBufferItemConsumer(mProducer, mConsumer,
+                                                      GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
+                                                              GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
+                                                      1, false, this);
 #else
-    mBufferItemConsumer = sp<BLASTBufferItemConsumer>::make(mConsumer,
-                                                            GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
-                                                                    GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
-                                                            1, false, this);
+    mBufferItemConsumer = new BLASTBufferItemConsumer(mConsumer,
+                                                      GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
+                                                              GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
+                                                      1, false, this);
 #endif //  COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(WB_CONSUMER_BASE_OWNS_BQ)
     // since the adapter is in the client process, set dequeue timeout
     // explicitly so that dequeueBuffer will block
@@ -641,8 +641,7 @@
                            bufferItem.mScalingMode, crop);
 
     auto releaseBufferCallback = makeReleaseBufferCallbackThunk();
-    sp<Fence> fence =
-            bufferItem.mFence ? sp<Fence>::make(bufferItem.mFence->dup()) : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+    sp<Fence> fence = bufferItem.mFence ? new Fence(bufferItem.mFence->dup()) : Fence::NO_FENCE;
 
     nsecs_t dequeueTime = -1;
     {
@@ -1019,8 +1018,7 @@
     if (includeSurfaceControlHandle && mSurfaceControl) {
         scHandle = mSurfaceControl->getHandle();
     }
-    return sp<BBQSurface>::make(mProducer, true, scHandle,
-                                sp<BLASTBufferQueue>::fromExisting(this));
+    return new BBQSurface(mProducer, true, scHandle, this);
 }
 
 void BLASTBufferQueue::mergeWithNextTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t,
@@ -1183,7 +1181,7 @@
             return BufferQueueProducer::connect(listener, api, producerControlledByApp, output);
         }
 
-        return BufferQueueProducer::connect(sp<AsyncProducerListener>::make(listener), api,
+        return BufferQueueProducer::connect(new AsyncProducerListener(listener), api,
                                             producerControlledByApp, output);
     }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferItem.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferItem.cpp
index 9dcd5dc..3b2d337 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferItem.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferItem.cpp
@@ -215,14 +215,14 @@
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, flags);
 
     if (flags & 1) {
-        mGraphicBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+        mGraphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
         status_t err = mGraphicBuffer->unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count);
         if (err) return err;
         size -= FlattenableUtils::align<4>(buffer);
     }
 
     if (flags & 2) {
-        mFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        mFence = new Fence();
         status_t err = mFence->unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count);
         if (err) return err;
         size -= FlattenableUtils::align<4>(buffer);
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp
index f21ac18..f1374e2 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp
@@ -125,16 +125,15 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(outConsumer == nullptr,
             "BufferQueue: outConsumer must not be NULL");
 
-    sp<BufferQueueCore> core = sp<BufferQueueCore>::make();
+    sp<BufferQueueCore> core(new BufferQueueCore());
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(core == nullptr,
             "BufferQueue: failed to create BufferQueueCore");
 
-    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer =
-            sp<BufferQueueProducer>::make(core, consumerIsSurfaceFlinger);
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer(new BufferQueueProducer(core, consumerIsSurfaceFlinger));
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(producer == nullptr,
             "BufferQueue: failed to create BufferQueueProducer");
 
-    sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer = sp<BufferQueueConsumer>::make(core);
+    sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer(new BufferQueueConsumer(core));
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(consumer == nullptr,
             "BufferQueue: failed to create BufferQueueConsumer");
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
index 54b3a1f..c241482 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
@@ -693,11 +693,11 @@
                 .requestorName = {mConsumerName.c_str(), mConsumerName.size()},
                 .extras = std::move(tempOptions),
         };
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(allocRequest);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(allocRequest);
 #else
         sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer =
-                sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage,
-                                        std::string{mConsumerName.c_str(), mConsumerName.size()});
+                new GraphicBuffer(width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage,
+                                  {mConsumerName.c_str(), mConsumerName.size()});
 #endif
 
         status_t error = graphicBuffer->initCheck();
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@
 #ifndef NO_BINDER
                 if (IInterface::asBinder(listener)->remoteBinder() != nullptr) {
                     status = IInterface::asBinder(listener)->linkToDeath(
-                            sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>::fromExisting(this));
+                            static_cast<IBinder::DeathRecipient*>(this));
                     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
                         BQ_LOGE("connect: linkToDeath failed: %s (%d)",
                                 strerror(-status), status);
@@ -1553,7 +1553,8 @@
                                 IInterface::asBinder(mCore->mLinkedToDeath);
                         // This can fail if we're here because of the death
                         // notification, but we just ignore it
-                        token->unlinkToDeath(sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>::fromExisting(this));
+                        token->unlinkToDeath(
+                                static_cast<IBinder::DeathRecipient*>(this));
                     }
 #endif
                     mCore->mSharedBufferSlot =
@@ -1684,11 +1685,11 @@
 #endif
 
 #if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BQ_EXTENDEDALLOCATE)
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(allocRequest);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(allocRequest);
 #else
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer =
-                sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(allocWidth, allocHeight, allocFormat, BQ_LAYER_COUNT,
-                                        allocUsage, allocName);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(
+                allocWidth, allocHeight, allocFormat, BQ_LAYER_COUNT,
+                allocUsage, allocName);
 #endif
 
         status_t result = graphicBuffer->initCheck();
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp
index 4f495d0..e9cb013 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
 status_t BufferReleaseChannel::Message::unflatten(void const*& buffer, size_t& size,
                                                   int const*& fds, size_t& count) {
-    releaseFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+    releaseFence = new Fence();
     if (status_t err = releaseFence->unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count); err != OK) {
         return err;
     }
@@ -344,4 +344,4 @@
     return STATUS_OK;
 }
 
-} // namespace android::gui
+} // namespace android::gui
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
index bc8df42..665704b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-#include "utils/Looper.h"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include <gui/Choreographer.h>
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@
         if (std::this_thread::get_id() != mThreadId) {
             if (mLooper != nullptr) {
                 Message m{MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC};
-                mLooper->sendMessage(sp<MessageHandler>::fromExisting(this), m);
+                mLooper->sendMessage(this, m);
             } else {
                 scheduleVsync();
             }
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@
     } else {
         if (mLooper != nullptr) {
             Message m{MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS};
-            mLooper->sendMessageDelayed(delay, sp<MessageHandler>::fromExisting(this), m);
+            mLooper->sendMessageDelayed(delay, this, m);
         } else {
             scheduleCallbacks();
         }
@@ -229,7 +228,7 @@
 void Choreographer::scheduleLatestConfigRequest() {
     if (mLooper != nullptr) {
         Message m{MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES};
-        mLooper->sendMessage(sp<MessageHandler>::fromExisting(this), m);
+        mLooper->sendMessage(this, m);
     } else {
         // If the looper thread is detached from Choreographer, then refresh rate
         // changes will be handled in AChoreographer_handlePendingEvents, so we
diff --git a/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp b/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp
index 62508de..3ad0e52 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
     // dropping to 0 at the end of the ctor.  Since all we need is a wp<...>
     // that's what we create.
     wp<ConsumerListener> listener = static_cast<ConsumerListener*>(this);
-    sp<IConsumerListener> proxy = sp<BufferQueue::ProxyConsumerListener>::make(listener);
+    sp<IConsumerListener> proxy = new BufferQueue::ProxyConsumerListener(listener);
 
     status_t err = mConsumer->consumerConnect(proxy, controlledByApp);
     if (err != NO_ERROR) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/CpuConsumer.cpp b/libs/gui/CpuConsumer.cpp
index 66fe2da..23b432e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/CpuConsumer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/CpuConsumer.cpp
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
         return err;
     }
 
-    sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? sp<Fence>::make(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
+    sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? new Fence(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
     addReleaseFenceLocked(ab.mSlot, ab.mGraphicBuffer, fence);
     releaseBufferLocked(ab.mSlot, ab.mGraphicBuffer);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
index 67ca39c..68f10f4 100644
--- a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@
     }
 
     if (mLooper != nullptr) {
-        int rc = mLooper->addFd(mReceiver.getFd(), 0, Looper::EVENT_INPUT,
-                                sp<LooperCallback>::fromExisting(this), NULL);
+        int rc = mLooper->addFd(mReceiver.getFd(), 0, Looper::EVENT_INPUT, this, NULL);
         if (rc < 0) {
             return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
         }
diff --git a/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp b/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp
index 70c04b3..052b8ed 100644
--- a/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
         }
 
         if (mReleasedTexImage == nullptr) {
-            mReleasedTexImage = sp<EglImage>::make(getDebugTexImageBuffer());
+            mReleasedTexImage = new EglImage(getDebugTexImageBuffer());
         }
 
         mCurrentTexture = BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT;
@@ -365,10 +365,10 @@
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(sReleasedTexImageBuffer == nullptr)) {
         // The first time, create the debug texture in case the application
         // continues to use it.
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
-                sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(kDebugData.width, kDebugData.height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                        DEFAULT_USAGE_FLAGS | GraphicBuffer::USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY,
-                                        "[GLConsumer debug texture]");
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer(
+                kDebugData.width, kDebugData.height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                DEFAULT_USAGE_FLAGS | GraphicBuffer::USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY,
+                "[GLConsumer debug texture]");
         uint32_t* bits;
         buffer->lock(GraphicBuffer::USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&bits));
         uint32_t stride = buffer->getStride();
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
     // replaces any old EglImage with a new one (using the new buffer).
     if (item->mGraphicBuffer != nullptr) {
         int slot = item->mSlot;
-        mEglSlots[slot].mEglImage = sp<EglImage>::make(item->mGraphicBuffer);
+        mEglSlots[slot].mEglImage = new EglImage(item->mGraphicBuffer);
     }
 
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@
                         "fd: %#x", eglGetError());
                 return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
             }
-            sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make(fenceFd);
+            sp<Fence> fence(new Fence(fenceFd));
             status_t err = addReleaseFenceLocked(mCurrentTexture,
                     mCurrentTextureImage->graphicBuffer(), fence);
             if (err != OK) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
index 1d1910e..9f71eb1 100644
--- a/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
         }
         bool nonNull = reply.readInt32();
         if (nonNull) {
-            *buf = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+            *buf = new GraphicBuffer();
             result = reply.read(**buf);
             if(result != NO_ERROR) {
                 (*buf).clear();
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
         }
 
         *buf = reply.readInt32();
-        *fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        *fence = new Fence();
         result = reply.read(**fence);
         if (result != NO_ERROR) {
             fence->clear();
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
         if (result == NO_ERROR) {
             bool nonNull = reply.readInt32();
             if (nonNull) {
-                *outBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+                *outBuffer = new GraphicBuffer;
                 result = reply.read(**outBuffer);
                 if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                     outBuffer->clear();
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@
             }
             nonNull = reply.readInt32();
             if (nonNull) {
-                *outFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+                *outFence = new Fence;
                 result = reply.read(**outFence);
                 if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                     outBuffer->clear();
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@
         bool hasBuffer = reply.readBool();
         sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
         if (hasBuffer) {
-            buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+            buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
             result = reply.read(*buffer);
             if (result == NO_ERROR) {
                 result = reply.read(outTransformMatrix, sizeof(float) * 16);
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
             ALOGE("getLastQueuedBuffer failed to read buffer: %d", result);
             return result;
         }
-        sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        sp<Fence> fence(new Fence);
         result = reply.read(*fence);
         if (result != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("getLastQueuedBuffer failed to read fence: %d", result);
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@
         }
         sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
         if (hasBuffer) {
-            buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+            buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
             result = reply.read(*buffer);
             if (result == NO_ERROR) {
                 result = reply.read(*outRect);
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@
             ALOGE("getLastQueuedBuffer failed to read buffer: %d", result);
             return result;
         }
-        sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        sp<Fence> fence(new Fence);
         result = reply.read(*fence);
         if (result != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("getLastQueuedBuffer failed to read fence: %d", result);
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@
         }
         case ATTACH_BUFFER: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGraphicBufferProducer, data, reply);
-            sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
             status_t result = data.read(*buffer.get());
             int slot = 0;
             if (result == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@
                 return result;
             }
             for (sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer : buffers) {
-                buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+                buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
                 result = data.read(*buffer.get());
                 if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                     return result;
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@
         case CANCEL_BUFFER: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGraphicBufferProducer, data, reply);
             int buf = data.readInt32();
-            sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+            sp<Fence> fence = new Fence();
             status_t result = data.read(*fence.get());
             if (result == NO_ERROR) {
                 result = cancelBuffer(buf, fence);
diff --git a/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducerFlattenables.cpp b/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducerFlattenables.cpp
index 393e1c3..8b2e2dd 100644
--- a/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducerFlattenables.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferProducerFlattenables.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
             : std::nullopt;
 #endif // COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBUI_FLAGS_APPLY_PICTURE_PROFILES
 
-    fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+    fence = new Fence();
     status_t result = fence->unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count);
     if (result != NO_ERROR) {
         return result;
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
     FlattenableUtils::read(fBuffer, size, result);
     int32_t isBufferNull = 0;
     FlattenableUtils::read(fBuffer, size, isBufferNull);
-    buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+    buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
     if (!isBufferNull) {
         status_t status = buffer->unflatten(fBuffer, size, fds, count);
         if (status != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, slot);
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, bufferAge);
 
-    fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+    fence = new Fence();
     status_t status = fence->unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count);
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         return status;
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@
 
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, slot);
 
-    fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+    fence = new Fence();
     return fence->unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count);
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp b/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
index ed28e79..83fc827 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
 
     if (hasFence) {
-        gpuCompositionDoneFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        gpuCompositionDoneFence = new Fence();
         err = input->read(*gpuCompositionDoneFence);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
     }
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(input->readBool, &hasFence);
     if (hasFence) {
-        previousReleaseFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        previousReleaseFence = new Fence();
         SAFE_PARCEL(input->read, *previousReleaseFence);
     }
     bool hasTransformHint = false;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
         return err;
     }
     if (hasFence) {
-        presentFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        presentFence = new Fence();
         err = input->read(*presentFence);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) {
             return err;
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index 980c969..44aac9b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
     }
     if (other.what & eInputInfoChanged) {
         what |= eInputInfoChanged;
-        windowInfoHandle = sp<WindowInfoHandle>::make(*other.windowInfoHandle);
+        windowInfoHandle = new WindowInfoHandle(*other.windowInfoHandle);
     }
     if (other.what & eBackgroundColorChanged) {
         what |= eBackgroundColorChanged;
@@ -1009,13 +1009,13 @@
     bool tmpBool = false;
     SAFE_PARCEL(input->readBool, &tmpBool);
     if (tmpBool) {
-        buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+        buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
         SAFE_PARCEL(input->read, *buffer);
     }
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(input->readBool, &tmpBool);
     if (tmpBool) {
-        acquireFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+        acquireFence = new Fence();
         SAFE_PARCEL(input->read, *acquireFence);
     }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/ScreenCaptureResults.cpp b/libs/gui/ScreenCaptureResults.cpp
index 0c9d6d6..2de023e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ScreenCaptureResults.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ScreenCaptureResults.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include <private/gui/ParcelUtils.h>
 #include <ui/FenceResult.h>
-#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
 
 namespace android::gui {
 
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@
     bool hasGraphicBuffer;
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readBool, &hasGraphicBuffer);
     if (hasGraphicBuffer) {
-        buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+        buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->read, *buffer);
     }
 
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@
     bool hasGainmap;
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readBool, &hasGainmap);
     if (hasGainmap) {
-        optionalGainMap = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+        optionalGainMap = new GraphicBuffer();
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->read, *optionalGainMap);
     }
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &hdrSdrRatio);
diff --git a/libs/gui/StreamSplitter.cpp b/libs/gui/StreamSplitter.cpp
index 9b107fc..653b91b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/StreamSplitter.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/StreamSplitter.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    sp<StreamSplitter> splitter = sp<StreamSplitter>::make(inputQueue);
+    sp<StreamSplitter> splitter(new StreamSplitter(inputQueue));
     status_t status = splitter->mInput->consumerConnect(splitter, false);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
         splitter->mInput->setConsumerName(String8("StreamSplitter"));
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
 
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferOutput queueBufferOutput;
-    sp<OutputListener> listener =
-            sp<OutputListener>::make(sp<StreamSplitter>::fromExisting(this), outputQueue);
+    sp<OutputListener> listener(new OutputListener(this, outputQueue));
     IInterface::asBinder(outputQueue)->linkToDeath(listener);
     status_t status = outputQueue->connect(listener, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU,
             /* producerControlledByApp */ false, &queueBufferOutput);
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@
 
     // Initialize our reference count for this buffer
     mBuffers.add(bufferItem.mGraphicBuffer->getId(),
-                 sp<BufferTracker>::make(bufferItem.mGraphicBuffer));
+            new BufferTracker(bufferItem.mGraphicBuffer));
 
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferInput queueInput(
             bufferItem.mTimestamp, bufferItem.mIsAutoTimestamp,
diff --git a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
index a646931..ec23365 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
     if (result != OK) {
         return result;
     }
-    sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make(fenceFd);
+    sp<Fence> fence(new Fence(fenceFd));
     int waitResult = fence->waitForever("dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED");
     if (waitResult != OK) {
         ALOGE("dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED: Fence::wait returned an error: %d",
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@
         }
         return OK;
     }
-    sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? sp<Fence>::make(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
+    sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? new Fence(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
     mGraphicBufferProducer->cancelBuffer(i, fence);
 
     if (mSharedBufferMode && mAutoRefresh && mSharedBufferSlot == i) {
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@
             ALOGE("%s: cannot find slot number for cancelled buffer", __FUNCTION__);
             badSlotResult = slot;
         } else {
-            sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? sp<Fence>::make(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
+            sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? new Fence(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
             cancelBufferInputs[numBuffersCancelled].slot = slot;
             cancelBufferInputs[numBuffersCancelled++].fence = fence;
         }
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@
     Rect crop(Rect::EMPTY_RECT);
     mCrop.intersect(Rect(buffer->width, buffer->height), &crop);
 
-    sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? sp<Fence>::make(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
+    sp<Fence> fence(fenceFd >= 0 ? new Fence(fenceFd) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferInput input(timestamp, isAutoTimestamp,
             static_cast<android_dataspace>(mDataSpace), crop, mScalingMode,
             mTransform ^ mStickyTransform, fence, mStickyTransform,
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@
 }
 
 int Surface::connect(int api) {
-    static sp<SurfaceListener> listener = sp<StubSurfaceListener>::make();
+    static sp<SurfaceListener> listener = new StubSurfaceListener();
     return connect(api, listener);
 }
 
@@ -2104,7 +2104,7 @@
     mReportRemovedBuffers = reportBufferRemoval;
 
     if (listener != nullptr) {
-        mListenerProxy = sp<ProducerListenerProxy>::make(this, listener);
+        mListenerProxy = new ProducerListenerProxy(this, listener);
     }
 
     int err =
@@ -2240,8 +2240,7 @@
         mRemovedBuffers.clear();
     }
 
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer =
-            sp<GraphicBuffer>::fromExisting(static_cast<GraphicBuffer*>(buffer));
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer(static_cast<GraphicBuffer*>(buffer));
     uint32_t priorGeneration = graphicBuffer->mGenerationNumber;
     graphicBuffer->mGenerationNumber = mGenerationNumber;
     int32_t attachedSlot = -1;
@@ -2703,7 +2702,7 @@
     status_t err = dequeueBuffer(&out, &fenceFd);
     ALOGE_IF(err, "dequeueBuffer failed (%s)", strerror(-err));
     if (err == NO_ERROR) {
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> backBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::fromExisting(GraphicBuffer::getSelf(out));
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> backBuffer(GraphicBuffer::getSelf(out));
         const Rect bounds(backBuffer->width, backBuffer->height);
 
         Region newDirtyRegion;
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index de3f9cc..852885b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
         explicit DeathObserver(ComposerService& mgr) : mComposerService(mgr) { }
     };
 
-    mDeathObserver = sp<DeathObserver>::make(*const_cast<ComposerService*>(this));
+    mDeathObserver = new DeathObserver(*const_cast<ComposerService*>(this));
     IInterface::asBinder(mComposerService)->linkToDeath(mDeathObserver);
     return true;
 }
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
         explicit DeathObserver(ComposerServiceAIDL& mgr) : mComposerService(mgr) {}
     };
 
-    mDeathObserver = sp<DeathObserver>::make(*const_cast<ComposerServiceAIDL*>(this));
+    mDeathObserver = new DeathObserver(*const_cast<ComposerServiceAIDL*>(this));
     IInterface::asBinder(mComposerService)->linkToDeath(mDeathObserver);
     return true;
 }
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
         DefaultComposerClient& dc = DefaultComposerClient::getInstance();
         Mutex::Autolock _l(dc.mLock);
         if (dc.mClient == nullptr) {
-            dc.mClient = sp<SurfaceComposerClient>::make();
+            dc.mClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
         }
         return dc.mClient;
     }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
 sp<TransactionCompletedListener> TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(sListenerInstanceMutex);
     if (sInstance == nullptr) {
-        sInstance = sp<TransactionCompletedListener>::make();
+        sInstance = new TransactionCompletedListener;
     }
     return sInstance;
 }
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@
 
 SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII::PresentationCallbackRAII(
         TransactionCompletedListener* tcl, int id) {
-    mTcl = sp<TransactionCompletedListener>::fromExisting(tcl);
+    mTcl = tcl;
     mId = id;
 }
 
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
     std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     mTrustedPresentationCallbacks[id] =
             std::tuple<TrustedPresentationCallback, void*>(tpc, context);
-    return sp<SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII>::make(this, id);
+    return new SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII(this, id);
 }
 
 void TransactionCompletedListener::clearTrustedPresentationCallback(int id) {
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@
  */
 class BufferCache : public Singleton<BufferCache> {
 public:
-    BufferCache() : token(sp<BBinder>::make()) {}
+    BufferCache() : token(new BBinder()) {}
 
     sp<IBinder> getToken() {
         return IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@
     return binderStatus;
 }
 
-sp<IBinder> SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sApplyToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+sp<IBinder> SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sApplyToken = new BBinder();
 
 std::mutex SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sApplyTokenMutex;
 
@@ -2695,10 +2695,9 @@
         }
         ALOGE_IF(err, "SurfaceComposerClient::createSurface error %s", strerror(-err));
         if (err == NO_ERROR) {
-            *outSurface = sp<SurfaceControl>::make(sp<SurfaceComposerClient>::fromExisting(this),
-                                                   result.handle, result.layerId,
-                                                   toString(result.layerName), w, h, format,
-                                                   result.transformHint, flags);
+            *outSurface = new SurfaceControl(this, result.handle, result.layerId,
+                                             toString(result.layerName), w, h, format,
+                                             result.transformHint, flags);
         }
     }
     return err;
@@ -2714,8 +2713,7 @@
     const binder::Status status = mClient->mirrorSurface(mirrorFromHandle, &result);
     const status_t err = statusTFromBinderStatus(status);
     if (err == NO_ERROR) {
-        return sp<SurfaceControl>::make(sp<SurfaceComposerClient>::fromExisting(this),
-                                        result.handle, result.layerId, toString(result.layerName));
+        return new SurfaceControl(this, result.handle, result.layerId, toString(result.layerName));
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
@@ -2725,8 +2723,7 @@
     const binder::Status status = mClient->mirrorDisplay(displayId.value, &result);
     const status_t err = statusTFromBinderStatus(status);
     if (err == NO_ERROR) {
-        return sp<SurfaceControl>::make(sp<SurfaceComposerClient>::fromExisting(this),
-                                        result.handle, result.layerId, toString(result.layerName));
+        return new SurfaceControl(this, result.handle, result.layerId, toString(result.layerName));
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp
index ba2d80d..b735418 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp
@@ -269,11 +269,10 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel.readUint32, &format);
 
     // We aren't the original owner of the surface.
-    *outSurfaceControl =
-            sp<SurfaceControl>::make(sp<SurfaceComposerClient>::make(
-                                             interface_cast<ISurfaceComposerClient>(client)),
-                                     handle, layerId, layerName, width, height, format,
-                                     transformHint);
+    *outSurfaceControl = new SurfaceControl(new SurfaceComposerClient(
+                                                    interface_cast<ISurfaceComposerClient>(client)),
+                                            handle.get(), layerId, layerName, width, height, format,
+                                            transformHint);
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -304,7 +303,7 @@
     if (mBbqChild != nullptr) {
         return mBbqChild;
     }
-    return sp<SurfaceControl>::fromExisting(this);
+    return this;
 }
 
 uint64_t SurfaceControl::resolveFrameNumber(const std::optional<uint64_t>& frameNumber) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
index ce8737b..91c9a85 100644
--- a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/AidlUtil.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h>
-#include "android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.h"
 #include "gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@
 using gui::aidl_utils::statusTFromBinderStatus;
 
 sp<WindowInfosListenerReporter> WindowInfosListenerReporter::getInstance() {
-    static sp<WindowInfosListenerReporter> sInstance = sp<WindowInfosListenerReporter>::make();
+    static sp<WindowInfosListenerReporter> sInstance = new WindowInfosListenerReporter;
     return sInstance;
 }
 
@@ -41,11 +40,7 @@
         std::scoped_lock lock(mListenersMutex);
         if (mWindowInfosListeners.empty()) {
             gui::WindowInfosListenerInfo listenerInfo;
-            binder::Status s =
-                    surfaceComposer
-                            ->addWindowInfosListener(sp<gui::IWindowInfosListener>::fromExisting(
-                                                             this),
-                                                     &listenerInfo);
+            binder::Status s = surfaceComposer->addWindowInfosListener(this, &listenerInfo);
             status = statusTFromBinderStatus(s);
             if (status == OK) {
                 mWindowInfosPublisher = std::move(listenerInfo.windowInfosPublisher);
@@ -77,8 +72,7 @@
         }
 
         if (mWindowInfosListeners.size() == 1) {
-            binder::Status s = surfaceComposer->removeWindowInfosListener(
-                    sp<gui::IWindowInfosListener>::fromExisting(this));
+            binder::Status s = surfaceComposer->removeWindowInfosListener(this);
             status = statusTFromBinderStatus(s);
             // Clear the last stored state since we're disabling updates and don't want to hold
             // stale values
@@ -122,8 +116,7 @@
     std::scoped_lock lock(mListenersMutex);
     if (!mWindowInfosListeners.empty()) {
         gui::WindowInfosListenerInfo listenerInfo;
-        composerService->addWindowInfosListener(sp<gui::IWindowInfosListener>::fromExisting(this),
-                                                &listenerInfo);
+        composerService->addWindowInfosListener(this, &listenerInfo);
         mWindowInfosPublisher = std::move(listenerInfo.windowInfosPublisher);
         mListenerId = listenerInfo.listenerId;
     }
diff --git a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
index b1a23b3..fd8ffe1 100644
--- a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@
 // H2BGraphicBufferProducer
 
 status_t H2BGraphicBufferProducer::requestBuffer(int slot, sp<GraphicBuffer>* buf) {
-    *buf = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+    *buf = new GraphicBuffer();
     status_t fnStatus;
     status_t transStatus = toStatusT(mBase->requestBuffer(
             static_cast<int32_t>(slot),
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@
                                                  uint32_t h, ::android::PixelFormat format,
                                                  uint64_t usage, uint64_t* outBufferAge,
                                                  FrameEventHistoryDelta* outTimestamps) {
-    *fence = sp<Fence>::make();
+    *fence = new Fence();
     status_t fnStatus;
     status_t transStatus = toStatusT(mBase->dequeueBuffer(
             w, h, static_cast<PixelFormat>(format), uint32_t(usage),
@@ -1035,8 +1035,8 @@
 
 status_t H2BGraphicBufferProducer::detachNextBuffer(
         sp<GraphicBuffer>* outBuffer, sp<Fence>* outFence) {
-    *outBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
-    *outFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+    *outBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    *outFence = new Fence();
     status_t fnStatus;
     status_t transStatus = toStatusT(mBase->detachNextBuffer(
             [&fnStatus, outBuffer, outFence] (
@@ -1127,8 +1127,8 @@
 status_t H2BGraphicBufferProducer::connect(
         const sp<IProducerListener>& listener, int api,
         bool producerControlledByApp, QueueBufferOutput* output) {
-    sp<HProducerListener> tListener =
-            listener == nullptr ? nullptr : sp<B2HProducerListener>::make(listener);
+    sp<HProducerListener> tListener = listener == nullptr ?
+            nullptr : new B2HProducerListener(listener);
     status_t fnStatus;
     status_t transStatus = toStatusT(mBase->connect(
             tListener, static_cast<int32_t>(api), producerControlledByApp,
@@ -1205,13 +1205,13 @@
                     hidl_handle const& fence,
                     hidl_array<float, 16> const& transformMatrix) {
                 fnStatus = toStatusT(status);
-                *outBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
+                *outBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
                 if (!convertTo(outBuffer->get(), buffer)) {
                     ALOGE("H2BGraphicBufferProducer::getLastQueuedBuffer - "
                             "Invalid output buffer");
                     fnStatus = fnStatus == NO_ERROR ? BAD_VALUE : fnStatus;
                 }
-                *outFence = sp<Fence>::make();
+                *outFence = new Fence();
                 if (!convertTo(outFence->get(), fence)) {
                     ALOGE("H2BGraphicBufferProducer::getLastQueuedBuffer - "
                             "Invalid output fence");
diff --git a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/B2HGraphicBufferProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/B2HGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
index 4384bd5..c76d771 100644
--- a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/B2HGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/B2HGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
         HConnectionType hConnectionType,
         bool producerControlledByApp,
         connect_cb _hidl_cb) {
-    sp<BProducerListener> bListener = sp<H2BProducerListener>::make(hListener);
+    sp<BProducerListener> bListener = new H2BProducerListener(hListener);
     int bConnectionType{};
     if (!bListener || !h2b(hConnectionType, &bConnectionType)) {
         _hidl_cb(HStatus::UNKNOWN_ERROR, QueueBufferOutput{});
diff --git a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
index 7121bb7..ae00a26 100644
--- a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
     }
     sp<HProducerListener> hListener = nullptr;
     if (listener && listener->needsReleaseNotify()) {
-        hListener = sp<B2HProducerListener>::make(listener);
+        hListener = new B2HProducerListener(listener);
         if (!hListener) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "connect: failed to wrap listener.";
             return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
diff --git a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/types.cpp b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/types.cpp
index 9890da3..cbd6cad 100644
--- a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/types.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/2.0/types.cpp
@@ -147,13 +147,13 @@
 
 bool h2b(native_handle_t const* from, sp<BFence>* to) {
     if (!from || from->numFds == 0) {
-        *to = sp<::android::Fence>::make();
+        *to = new ::android::Fence();
         return true;
     }
     if (from->numFds != 1 || from->numInts != 0) {
         return false;
     }
-    *to = sp<BFence>::make(dup(from->data[0]));
+    *to = new BFence(dup(from->data[0]));
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
             &hwBuffer) != OK) {
         return false;
     }
-    *to = sp<GraphicBuffer>::fromExisting(GraphicBuffer::fromAHardwareBuffer(hwBuffer));
+    *to = GraphicBuffer::fromAHardwareBuffer(hwBuffer);
     AHardwareBuffer_release(hwBuffer);
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/StreamSplitter.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/StreamSplitter.h
index 8176f75..28237b6 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/StreamSplitter.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/StreamSplitter.h
@@ -153,8 +153,6 @@
         size_t mReleaseCount;
     };
 
-    friend class sp<StreamSplitter>;
-
     // Only called from createSplitter
     explicit StreamSplitter(const sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>& inputQueue);