diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ActivePictureUpdater.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ActivePictureUpdater.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..210e948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ActivePictureUpdater.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "ActivePictureUpdater.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerFE.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+void ActivePictureUpdater::onLayerComposed(const Layer& layer, const LayerFE& layerFE,
+                                           const CompositionResult& result) {
+    if (result.wasPictureProfileCommitted) {
+        gui::ActivePicture picture;
+        picture.layerId = int32_t(layer.sequence);
+        picture.ownerUid = int32_t(layer.getOwnerUid());
+        // TODO(b/337330263): Why does LayerFE coming from SF have a null composition state?
+        if (layerFE.getCompositionState()) {
+            picture.pictureProfileId = layerFE.getCompositionState()->pictureProfileHandle.getId();
+        } else {
+            picture.pictureProfileId = result.pictureProfileHandle.getId();
+        }
+        mNewActivePictures.push_back(picture);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ActivePictureUpdater::updateAndHasChanged() {
+    bool hasChanged = true;
+    if (mNewActivePictures.size() == mOldActivePictures.size()) {
+        auto compare = [](const gui::ActivePicture& lhs, const gui::ActivePicture& rhs) -> int {
+            if (lhs.layerId == rhs.layerId) {
+                return lhs.pictureProfileId < rhs.pictureProfileId;
+            }
+            return lhs.layerId < rhs.layerId;
+        };
+        std::sort(mNewActivePictures.begin(), mNewActivePictures.end(), compare);
+        if (std::equal(mNewActivePictures.begin(), mNewActivePictures.end(),
+                       mOldActivePictures.begin())) {
+            hasChanged = false;
+        }
+    }
+    std::swap(mOldActivePictures, mNewActivePictures);
+    mNewActivePictures.resize(0);
+    return hasChanged;
+}
+
+const std::vector<gui::ActivePicture>& ActivePictureUpdater::getActivePictures() const {
+    return mOldActivePictures;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ActivePictureUpdater.h b/services/surfaceflinger/ActivePictureUpdater.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20779bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ActivePictureUpdater.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android/gui/ActivePicture.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class Layer;
+class LayerFE;
+struct CompositionResult;
+
+// Keeps track of active pictures - layers that are undergoing picture processing.
+class ActivePictureUpdater {
+public:
+    // Called for each visible layer when SurfaceFlinger finishes composing.
+    void onLayerComposed(const Layer& layer, const LayerFE& layerFE,
+                         const CompositionResult& result);
+
+    // Update internals and return whether the set of active pictures have changed.
+    bool updateAndHasChanged();
+
+    // The current set of active pictures.
+    const std::vector<gui::ActivePicture>& getActivePictures() const;
+
+private:
+    std::vector<gui::ActivePicture> mOldActivePictures;
+    std::vector<gui::ActivePicture> mNewActivePictures;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index 8a667ae..3f3d2c6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@
     name: "libsurfaceflinger_sources",
     srcs: [
         ":libsurfaceflinger_backend_sources",
+        "ActivePictureUpdater.cpp",
         "BackgroundExecutor.cpp",
         "Client.cpp",
         "ClientCache.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
index a5e9dde..cda4edc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
@@ -161,6 +161,9 @@
     // Checks if the buffer's release fence has been set
     virtual LayerFE::ReleaseFencePromiseStatus getReleaseFencePromiseStatus() = 0;
 
+    // Indicates that the picture profile request was applied to this layer.
+    virtual void onPictureProfileCommitted() = 0;
+
     // Gets some kind of identifier for the layer for debug purposes.
     virtual const char* getDebugName() const = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
index c7ff704..272fa3e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(hasRoundedCorners, bool());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getMetadata, gui::LayerMetadata*());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getRelativeMetadata, gui::LayerMetadata*());
+    MOCK_METHOD0(onPictureProfileCommitted, void());
 };
 
 } // namespace android::compositionengine::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index ee813bf..f9ed92d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -830,11 +830,13 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < getMaxLayerPictureProfiles() && !layersWithProfiles.empty();
              layersWithProfiles.pop(), ++i) {
             layersWithProfiles.top()->commitPictureProfileToCompositionState();
+            layersWithProfiles.top()->getLayerFE().onPictureProfileCommitted();
         }
         // No layer-specific picture processing, so apply the highest priority picture profile to
         // the entire display.
     } else if (!layersWithProfiles.empty()) {
         editState().pictureProfileHandle = layersWithProfiles.top()->getPictureProfileHandle();
+        layersWithProfiles.top()->getLayerFE().onPictureProfileCommitted();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index f6d9a1a..65ded8b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
     }
     const auto* layerState = getLayerFE().getCompositionState();
     if (layerState) {
-        editState().pictureProfileHandle = getLayerFE().getCompositionState()->pictureProfileHandle;
+        editState().pictureProfileHandle = layerState->pictureProfileHandle;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index 99e68eb..442b603 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -5117,6 +5117,11 @@
     // Sets display picture profile to the highest priority layer's profile
     EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, setDisplayPictureProfileHandle(_, Eq(profileForLayer2)));
 
+    // Marks only the highest priority layer as committed
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer1.layerFE, onPictureProfileCommitted).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer2.layerFE, onPictureProfileCommitted);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer3.layerFE, onPictureProfileCommitted).Times(0);
+
     mOutput->editState().isEnabled = true;
     CompositionRefreshArgs args;
     args.updatingGeometryThisFrame = false;
@@ -5172,6 +5177,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer2.outputLayer, commitPictureProfileToCompositionState);
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer3.outputLayer, commitPictureProfileToCompositionState);
 
+    // Marks only the highest priority layers as committed
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer1.layerFE, onPictureProfileCommitted).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer2.layerFE, onPictureProfileCommitted);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer3.layerFE, onPictureProfileCommitted);
+
     // No display picture profile is sent
     EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, setDisplayPictureProfileHandle).Times(0);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
index 231b40b..fea7671 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
@@ -342,8 +342,15 @@
     caster.shadow = state;
 }
 
-CompositionResult&& LayerFE::stealCompositionResult() {
-    return std::move(mCompositionResult);
+void LayerFE::onPictureProfileCommitted() {
+    mCompositionResult.wasPictureProfileCommitted = true;
+    mCompositionResult.pictureProfileHandle = mSnapshot->pictureProfileHandle;
+}
+
+CompositionResult LayerFE::stealCompositionResult() {
+    CompositionResult result;
+    std::swap(mCompositionResult, result);
+    return result;
 }
 
 const char* LayerFE::getDebugName() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
index 5081e10..9483aeb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <android/gui/CachingHint.h>
 #include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
+#include <ui/PictureProfileHandle.h>
+
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h"
 #include "compositionengine/LayerFE.h"
 #include "compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h"
@@ -29,6 +32,10 @@
 
 struct CompositionResult {
     sp<Fence> lastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
+    bool wasPictureProfileCommitted = false;
+    // TODO(b/337330263): Why does LayerFE coming from SF have a null composition state?
+    // It would be better not to duplicate this information
+    PictureProfileHandle pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle::NONE;
 };
 
 class LayerFE : public virtual RefBase, public virtual compositionengine::LayerFE {
@@ -47,10 +54,11 @@
     const gui::LayerMetadata* getRelativeMetadata() const override;
     std::optional<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings> prepareClientComposition(
             compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) const;
-    CompositionResult&& stealCompositionResult();
+    CompositionResult stealCompositionResult();
     ftl::Future<FenceResult> createReleaseFenceFuture() override;
     void setReleaseFence(const FenceResult& releaseFence) override;
     LayerFE::ReleaseFencePromiseStatus getReleaseFencePromiseStatus() override;
+    void onPictureProfileCommitted() override;
 
     std::unique_ptr<surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerSnapshot> mSnapshot;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 1f35173..dfaf8b6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
 #include <gui/SchedulingPolicy.h>
 #include <gui/SyncScreenCaptureListener.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayIdentification.h>
+#include "ActivePictureUpdater.h"
 #include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
 #include "Client.h"
 #include "ClientCache.h"
@@ -372,6 +373,7 @@
 const String16 sRotateSurfaceFlinger("android.permission.ROTATE_SURFACE_FLINGER");
 const String16 sReadFramebuffer("android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER");
 const String16 sControlDisplayBrightness("android.permission.CONTROL_DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS");
+const String16 sObservePictureProfiles("android.permission.OBSERVE_PICTURE_PROFILES");
 const String16 sDump("android.permission.DUMP");
 const String16 sCaptureBlackoutContent("android.permission.CAPTURE_BLACKOUT_CONTENT");
 const String16 sInternalSystemWindow("android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW");
@@ -2851,6 +2853,9 @@
         if (compositionResult.lastClientCompositionFence) {
             layer->setWasClientComposed(compositionResult.lastClientCompositionFence);
         }
+        if (com_android_graphics_libgui_flags_apply_picture_profiles()) {
+            mActivePictureUpdater.onLayerComposed(*layer, *layerFE, compositionResult);
+        }
     }
 
     SFTRACE_NAME("postComposition");
@@ -3146,30 +3151,6 @@
         layer->releasePendingBuffer(presentTime.ns());
     }
 
-    std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display>, sp<HdrLayerInfoReporter>>>
-            hdrInfoListeners;
-    bool haveNewListeners = false;
-    {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        if (mFpsReporter) {
-            mFpsReporter->dispatchLayerFps(mLayerHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy());
-        }
-
-        if (mTunnelModeEnabledReporter) {
-            mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
-        }
-        hdrInfoListeners.reserve(mHdrLayerInfoListeners.size());
-        for (const auto& [displayId, reporter] : mHdrLayerInfoListeners) {
-            if (reporter && reporter->hasListeners()) {
-                if (const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayId)) {
-                    hdrInfoListeners.emplace_back(display->getCompositionDisplay(), reporter);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        haveNewListeners = mAddingHDRLayerInfoListener; // grab this with state lock
-        mAddingHDRLayerInfoListener = false;
-    }
-
     for (const auto& layerEvent : mLayerEvents) {
         auto result =
                 stats::stats_write(stats::SURFACE_CONTROL_EVENT,
@@ -3180,10 +3161,40 @@
             ALOGW("Failed to report layer event with error: %d", result);
         }
     }
-
     mLayerEvents.clear();
 
-    if (haveNewListeners || mHdrLayerInfoChanged) {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display>, sp<HdrLayerInfoReporter>>>
+            hdrInfoListeners;
+    bool haveNewHdrInfoListeners = false;
+    sp<gui::IActivePictureListener> activePictureListener;
+    bool haveNewActivePictureListener = false;
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+        if (mFpsReporter) {
+            mFpsReporter->dispatchLayerFps(mLayerHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy());
+        }
+
+        if (mTunnelModeEnabledReporter) {
+            mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
+        }
+
+        hdrInfoListeners.reserve(mHdrLayerInfoListeners.size());
+        for (const auto& [displayId, reporter] : mHdrLayerInfoListeners) {
+            if (reporter && reporter->hasListeners()) {
+                if (const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayId)) {
+                    hdrInfoListeners.emplace_back(display->getCompositionDisplay(), reporter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        haveNewHdrInfoListeners = mAddingHDRLayerInfoListener; // grab this with state lock
+        mAddingHDRLayerInfoListener = false;
+
+        activePictureListener = mActivePictureListener;
+        haveNewActivePictureListener = mHaveNewActivePictureListener;
+        mHaveNewActivePictureListener = false;
+    }
+
+    if (haveNewHdrInfoListeners || mHdrLayerInfoChanged) {
         for (auto& [compositionDisplay, listener] : hdrInfoListeners) {
             HdrLayerInfoReporter::HdrLayerInfo info;
             int32_t maxArea = 0;
@@ -3233,9 +3244,19 @@
             listener->dispatchHdrLayerInfo(info);
         }
     }
-
     mHdrLayerInfoChanged = false;
 
+    if (com_android_graphics_libgui_flags_apply_picture_profiles()) {
+        // Track, update and notify changes to active pictures - layers that are undergoing picture
+        // processing
+        if (mActivePictureUpdater.updateAndHasChanged() || haveNewActivePictureListener) {
+            if (activePictureListener) {
+                activePictureListener->onActivePicturesChanged(
+                        mActivePictureUpdater.getActivePictures());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(false /* onCommitOnly */);
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.clearCompletedTransactions();
 
@@ -8073,6 +8094,14 @@
     }));
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::setActivePictureListener(const sp<gui::IActivePictureListener>& listener) {
+    if (com_android_graphics_libgui_flags_apply_picture_profiles()) {
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+        mActivePictureListener = listener;
+        mHaveNewActivePictureListener = listener != nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
 std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> SurfaceFlinger::getExternalTextureFromBufferData(
         BufferData& bufferData, const char* layerName, uint64_t transactionId) {
     if (bufferData.buffer &&
@@ -9008,6 +9037,15 @@
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
 }
 
+binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::setActivePictureListener(
+        const sp<gui::IActivePictureListener>& listener) {
+    status_t status = checkObservePictureProfilesPermission();
+    if (status == OK) {
+        mFlinger->setActivePictureListener(listener);
+    }
+    return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
+}
+
 binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::notifyPowerBoost(int boostId) {
     status_t status = checkAccessPermission();
     if (status == OK) {
@@ -9263,6 +9301,17 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t SurfaceComposerAIDL::checkObservePictureProfilesPermission() {
+    IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
+    const int pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
+    const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
+    if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(sObservePictureProfiles, pid, uid)) {
+        ALOGE("Permission Denial: can't manage picture profiles pid=%d, uid=%d", pid, uid);
+        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::forceFutureUpdate(int delayInMs) {
     static_cast<void>(mScheduler->scheduleDelayed([&]() { scheduleRepaint(); }, ms2ns(delayInMs)));
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 7e9d5b8..cbe2739 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/gui/ActivePicture.h>
 #include <android/gui/BnSurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <android/gui/DisplayStatInfo.h>
 #include <android/gui/DisplayState.h>
+#include <android/gui/IActivePictureListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IJankListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <common/trace.h>
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@
 #include <ui/FenceResult.h>
 
 #include <common/FlagManager.h>
+#include "ActivePictureUpdater.h"
+#include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
 #include "Display/DisplayModeController.h"
 #include "Display/PhysicalDisplay.h"
 #include "DisplayDevice.h"
@@ -93,6 +97,7 @@
 #include "TransactionState.h"
 #include "Utils/OnceFuture.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
@@ -660,6 +665,8 @@
 
     void updateHdcpLevels(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, int32_t connectedLevel, int32_t maxLevel);
 
+    void setActivePictureListener(const sp<gui::IActivePictureListener>& listener);
+
     // IBinder::DeathRecipient overrides:
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
 
@@ -1377,6 +1384,10 @@
     std::unordered_map<DisplayId, sp<HdrLayerInfoReporter>> mHdrLayerInfoListeners
             GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
 
+    sp<gui::IActivePictureListener> mActivePictureListener GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
+    bool mHaveNewActivePictureListener GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
+    ActivePictureUpdater mActivePictureUpdater GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
+
     std::atomic<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
 
     // Must only be accessed on the main thread.
@@ -1610,12 +1621,15 @@
     binder::Status flushJankData(int32_t layerId) override;
     binder::Status removeJankListener(int32_t layerId, const sp<gui::IJankListener>& listener,
                                       int64_t afterVsync) override;
+    binder::Status setActivePictureListener(const sp<gui::IActivePictureListener>& listener);
+    binder::Status clearActivePictureListener();
 
 private:
     static const constexpr bool kUsePermissionCache = true;
     status_t checkAccessPermission(bool usePermissionCache = kUsePermissionCache);
     status_t checkControlDisplayBrightnessPermission();
     status_t checkReadFrameBufferPermission();
+    status_t checkObservePictureProfilesPermission();
     static void getDynamicDisplayInfoInternal(ui::DynamicDisplayInfo& info,
                                               gui::DynamicDisplayInfo*& outInfo);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/ActivePictureUpdaterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/ActivePictureUpdaterTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b926d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/ActivePictureUpdaterTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <android/gui/ActivePicture.h>
+#include <android/gui/IActivePictureListener.h>
+#include <compositionengine/mock/CompositionEngine.h>
+#include <mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h>
+#include <mock/MockLayer.h>
+#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
+
+#include "ActivePictureUpdater.h"
+#include "LayerFE.h"
+#include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using android::compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState;
+using android::gui::ActivePicture;
+using android::gui::IActivePictureListener;
+using android::mock::MockLayer;
+using surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerSnapshot;
+using testing::_;
+using testing::NiceMock;
+using testing::Return;
+
+class TestableLayerFE : public LayerFE {
+public:
+    TestableLayerFE() : LayerFE("TestableLayerFE"), snapshot(*(new LayerSnapshot)) {
+        mSnapshot = std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot>(&snapshot);
+    }
+
+    LayerSnapshot& snapshot;
+};
+
+class ActivePictureUpdaterTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    SurfaceFlinger* flinger() {
+        if (!mFlingerSetup) {
+            mFlinger.setupMockScheduler();
+            mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
+            mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::make_unique<renderengine::mock::RenderEngine>());
+            mFlingerSetup = true;
+        }
+        return mFlinger.flinger();
+    }
+
+private:
+    TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
+    bool mFlingerSetup = false;
+};
+
+// Hack to workaround initializer lists not working for parcelables because parcelables inherit from
+// Parcelable, which has a virtual destructor.
+auto UnorderedElementsAre(std::initializer_list<std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t, int64_t>> tuples) {
+    std::vector<ActivePicture> activePictures;
+    for (auto tuple : tuples) {
+        ActivePicture ap;
+        ap.layerId = std::get<0>(tuple);
+        ap.ownerUid = std::get<1>(tuple);
+        ap.pictureProfileId = std::get<2>(tuple);
+        activePictures.push_back(ap);
+    }
+    return testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(activePictures);
+}
+
+// Parcelables don't define this for matchers, which is unfortunate
+void PrintTo(const ActivePicture& activePicture, std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << activePicture.toString();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, notCalledWithNoProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle::NONE;
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_FALSE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, calledWhenLayerStartsUsingProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle::NONE;
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_FALSE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, notCalledWhenLayerContinuesUsingProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_FALSE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, calledWhenLayerStopsUsingProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle::NONE;
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({}));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, calledWhenLayerChangesProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(2);
+        layerFE.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer, layerFE, layerFE.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 2}}));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, notCalledWhenUncommittedLayerChangesProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer1 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE1;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer1, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer2 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 200);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE2;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer2, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(20)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(2);
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_FALSE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, calledWhenDifferentLayerUsesSameProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer1 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE1;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer1, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer2 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 200);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE2;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer2, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(20)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(2);
+        layerFE2.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(),
+                    UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}, {200, 20, 2}}));
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(2);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE2.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(),
+                    UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 2}, {200, 20, 1}}));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, calledWhenSameUidUsesSameProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer1 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE1;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer1, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer2 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 200);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE2;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer2, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(2);
+        layerFE2.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(),
+                    UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}, {200, 10, 2}}));
+    }
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(2);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE2.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(),
+                    UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 2}, {200, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ActivePictureUpdaterTest, calledWhenNewLayerUsesSameProfile) {
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer1 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 100);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE1;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer1, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    ActivePictureUpdater updater;
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(), UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+
+    sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>> layer2 = sp<NiceMock<MockLayer>>::make(flinger(), 200);
+    TestableLayerFE layerFE2;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer2, getOwnerUid()).WillRepeatedly(Return(uid_t(10)));
+
+    {
+        layerFE1.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE1.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer1, layerFE1, layerFE1.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        layerFE2.snapshot.pictureProfileHandle = PictureProfileHandle(1);
+        layerFE2.onPictureProfileCommitted();
+        updater.onLayerComposed(*layer2, layerFE2, layerFE2.stealCompositionResult());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(updater.updateAndHasChanged());
+        EXPECT_THAT(updater.getActivePictures(),
+                    UnorderedElementsAre({{100, 10, 1}, {200, 10, 1}}));
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp
index 5413bae..72d1351 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <condition_variable>
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
index 45f86fa..59f0966 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <optional>
 
+#include "Layer.h"
+
 namespace android::mock {
 
 class MockLayer : public Layer {
@@ -26,8 +28,11 @@
     MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, std::string name)
           : Layer(LayerCreationArgs(flinger, nullptr, std::move(name), 0, {})) {}
 
-    MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, std::string name, std::optional<uint32_t> uid)
-          : Layer(LayerCreationArgs(flinger, nullptr, std::move(name), 0, {}, uid)) {}
+    MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, std::string name, std::optional<uint32_t> id)
+          : Layer(LayerCreationArgs(flinger, nullptr, std::move(name), 0, {}, id)) {}
+
+    MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, std::optional<uint32_t> id)
+          : Layer(LayerCreationArgs(flinger, nullptr, "TestLayer", 0, {}, id)) {}
 
     explicit MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger) : MockLayer(flinger, "TestLayer") {}