diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp
index d5bf569..325361b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp
@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@
 using ::testing::StrictMock;
 
 struct CompositionEngineTest : public testing::Test {
-    android::mock::HWComposer* mHwc = new StrictMock<android::mock::HWComposer>();
-    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine =
-            new StrictMock<renderengine::mock::RenderEngine>();
     std::shared_ptr<TimeStats> mTimeStats;
 
     impl::CompositionEngine mEngine;
@@ -58,15 +55,18 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompositionEngineTest, canSetHWComposer) {
-    mEngine.setHwComposer(std::unique_ptr<android::HWComposer>(mHwc));
+    android::mock::HWComposer* hwc = new StrictMock<android::mock::HWComposer>();
+    mEngine.setHwComposer(std::unique_ptr<android::HWComposer>(hwc));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mHwc, &mEngine.getHwComposer());
+    EXPECT_EQ(hwc, &mEngine.getHwComposer());
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompositionEngineTest, canSetRenderEngine) {
-    mEngine.setRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* renderEngine =
+            new StrictMock<renderengine::mock::RenderEngine>();
+    mEngine.setRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(renderEngine));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mRenderEngine, &mEngine.getRenderEngine());
+    EXPECT_EQ(renderEngine, &mEngine.getRenderEngine());
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompositionEngineTest, canSetTimeStats) {
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@
 struct CompositionEngineUpdateCursorAsyncTest : public CompositionEngineTest {
 public:
     struct Layer {
-        Layer() { EXPECT_CALL(outputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(layerFE)); }
+        Layer() { EXPECT_CALL(outputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(*layerFE)); }
 
         StrictMock<mock::OutputLayer> outputLayer;
-        StrictMock<mock::LayerFE> layerFE;
+        sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>> layerFE = sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>>::make();
         LayerFECompositionState layerFEState;
     };
 
@@ -175,21 +175,21 @@
     {
         InSequence seq;
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput2Layer1.outputLayer, isHardwareCursor()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput2Layer1.layerFE, prepareCompositionState(LayerFE::StateSubset::Cursor));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mOutput2Layer1.layerFE, prepareCompositionState(LayerFE::StateSubset::Cursor));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput2Layer1.outputLayer, writeCursorPositionToHWC());
     }
 
     {
         InSequence seq;
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput3Layer1.outputLayer, isHardwareCursor()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput3Layer1.layerFE, prepareCompositionState(LayerFE::StateSubset::Cursor));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mOutput3Layer1.layerFE, prepareCompositionState(LayerFE::StateSubset::Cursor));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput3Layer1.outputLayer, writeCursorPositionToHWC());
     }
 
     {
         InSequence seq;
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput3Layer2.outputLayer, isHardwareCursor()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput3Layer2.layerFE, prepareCompositionState(LayerFE::StateSubset::Cursor));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mOutput3Layer2.layerFE, prepareCompositionState(LayerFE::StateSubset::Cursor));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput3Layer2.outputLayer, writeCursorPositionToHWC());
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index 3059beb..5f0b0ee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -1697,12 +1697,12 @@
 
     struct Layer {
         Layer() {
-            EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mLayerFE));
-            EXPECT_CALL(mLayerFE, getCompositionState()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayerFEState));
+            EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(*mLayerFE));
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mLayerFE, getCompositionState()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayerFEState));
         }
 
         StrictMock<mock::OutputLayer> mOutputLayer;
-        StrictMock<mock::LayerFE> mLayerFE;
+        sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>> mLayerFE = sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>>::make();
         LayerFECompositionState mLayerFEState;
     };
 
@@ -2712,12 +2712,12 @@
 
     struct Layer {
         Layer() {
-            EXPECT_CALL(outputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(layerFE));
+            EXPECT_CALL(outputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(*layerFE));
             EXPECT_CALL(outputLayer, getHwcLayer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&hwc2Layer));
         }
 
         StrictMock<mock::OutputLayer> outputLayer;
-        StrictMock<mock::LayerFE> layerFE;
+        sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>> layerFE = sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>>::make();
         StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Layer> hwc2Layer;
     };
 
@@ -2793,11 +2793,11 @@
     // are passed. This happens to work with the current implementation, but
     // would not survive certain calls like Fence::merge() which would return a
     // new instance.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayer1.layerFE,
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE,
                 onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer1Fence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayer2.layerFE,
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE,
                 onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer2Fence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayer3.layerFE,
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE,
                 onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer3Fence.get()))));
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
@@ -2824,9 +2824,9 @@
     // Fence::merge is called, and since none of the fences are actually valid,
     // Fence::NO_FENCE is returned and passed to each onLayerDisplayed() call.
     // This is the best we can do without creating a real kernel fence object.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 }
@@ -3330,12 +3330,12 @@
 struct OutputComposeSurfacesTest_HandlesProtectedContent : public OutputComposeSurfacesTest {
     struct Layer {
         Layer() {
-            EXPECT_CALL(mLayerFE, getCompositionState()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayerFEState));
-            EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mLayerFE));
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mLayerFE, getCompositionState()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayerFEState));
+            EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(*mLayerFE));
         }
 
         StrictMock<mock::OutputLayer> mOutputLayer;
-        StrictMock<mock::LayerFE> mLayerFE;
+        sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>> mLayerFE = sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>>::make();
         LayerFECompositionState mLayerFEState;
     };
 
@@ -3546,12 +3546,12 @@
         Layer() {
             EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getState()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mOutputLayerState));
             EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, editState()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mOutputLayerState));
-            EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mLayerFE));
-            EXPECT_CALL(mLayerFE, getCompositionState()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayerFEState));
+            EXPECT_CALL(mOutputLayer, getLayerFE()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(*mLayerFE));
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mLayerFE, getCompositionState()).WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayerFEState));
         }
 
         StrictMock<mock::OutputLayer> mOutputLayer;
-        StrictMock<mock::LayerFE> mLayerFE;
+        sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>> mLayerFE = sp<StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>>::make();
         LayerFECompositionState mLayerFEState;
         impl::OutputLayerCompositionState mOutputLayerState;
         LayerFE::LayerSettings mLayerSettings;
@@ -3645,11 +3645,11 @@
     LayerFE::LayerSettings mShadowSettings;
     mShadowSettings.source.solidColor = {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[1].mLayerSettings})));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                     {mShadowSettings, mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
@@ -3683,7 +3683,7 @@
     mLayers[1].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = true;
     mLayers[2].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = true;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
     Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
@@ -3709,7 +3709,7 @@
     mLayers[1].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = false;
     mLayers[2].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = false;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
     Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
@@ -3773,9 +3773,9 @@
     mBlackoutSettings.alpha = 0.f;
     mBlackoutSettings.disableBlending = true;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mBlackoutSettings})));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
     auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
@@ -3835,11 +3835,11 @@
             false /* disabledBlurs */,
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
@@ -3891,11 +3891,11 @@
             false /* disabledBlurs */,
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
@@ -3948,11 +3948,11 @@
             false /* disabledBlurs */,
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
@@ -4003,11 +4003,11 @@
             false /* disabledBlurs */,
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
@@ -4056,11 +4056,11 @@
             false /* disabledBlurs */,
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[0].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer0TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[1].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer1TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(true /* supportsProtectedContent */,
@@ -4188,7 +4188,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_CALL(leftLayer.mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(leftLayer.mOutputLayer, needsFiltering()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(leftLayer.mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(leftLayerSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*leftLayer.mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(leftLayerSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({leftLayer.mLayerSettings})));
 
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings rightLayerSettings{
@@ -4206,7 +4206,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_CALL(rightLayer.mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(rightLayer.mOutputLayer, needsFiltering()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(rightLayer.mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(rightLayerSettings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*rightLayer.mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(rightLayerSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({rightLayer.mLayerSettings})));
 
     constexpr bool supportsProtectedContent = true;
@@ -4246,7 +4246,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2Settings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2Settings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mShadowSettings})));
 
     auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
@@ -4286,7 +4286,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2Settings))))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2Settings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                     {mShadowSettings, mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));