Add DaydreamVR native libraries and services

Upstreaming the main VR system components from master-dreamos-dev
into goog/master.

Bug: None
Test: `m -j32` succeeds. Sailfish boots and basic_vr sample app works
Change-Id: I853015872afc443aecee10411ef2d6b79184d051
diff --git a/libs/vr/libpdx/serialization_tests.cpp b/libs/vr/libpdx/serialization_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad1047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/vr/libpdx/serialization_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2505 @@
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/argument_encoder.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/array_wrapper.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/default_initialization_allocator.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/payload.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/serializable.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/serialization.h>
+#include <pdx/rpc/string_wrapper.h>
+#include <pdx/utility.h>
+
+using namespace android::pdx;
+using namespace android::pdx::rpc;
+
+// Tests the serialization/deserialization of all supported types, verifying all
+// reasonable boundary conditions for types with multiple encodings.
+//
+// NOTE: Sometimes this file uses the construct "var = decltype(var)({...})"
+// instead of the equivalent "var = {...}" to construct vectors. This is to
+// prevent clang-format from producing annoyingly vertical code from long
+// initializers.
+
+// TODO(eieio): Automatically generate some of these tests?
+
+namespace {
+
+// Test data for serialization/deserialization of floats.
+const float kZeroFloat = 0.0f;
+const float kOneFloat = 1.0f;
+const auto kZeroFloatBytes = reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t*>(&kZeroFloat);
+const auto kOneFloatBytes = reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t*>(&kOneFloat);
+const double kZeroDouble = 0.0;
+const double kOneDouble = 1.0;
+const auto kZeroDoubleBytes =
+    reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t*>(&kZeroDouble);
+const auto kOneDoubleBytes = reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t*>(&kOneDouble);
+
+struct TestType {
+  enum class Foo { kFoo, kBar, kBaz };
+
+  int a;
+  float b;
+  std::string c;
+  Foo d;
+
+  TestType() {}
+  TestType(int a, float b, const std::string& c, Foo d)
+      : a(a), b(b), c(c), d(d) {}
+
+  // Make gtest expressions simpler by defining equality operator. This is not
+  // needed for serialization.
+  bool operator==(const TestType& other) const {
+    return a == other.a && b == other.b && c == other.c && d == other.d;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(TestType, a, b, c, d);
+};
+
+template <typename FileHandleType>
+struct TestTemplateType {
+  FileHandleType fd;
+
+  TestTemplateType() {}
+  TestTemplateType(FileHandleType fd) : fd(std::move(fd)) {}
+
+  bool operator==(const TestTemplateType& other) const {
+    return fd.Get() == other.fd.Get();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(TestTemplateType<FileHandleType>, fd);
+};
+
+// Utilities to generate test maps and payloads.
+template <typename MapType>
+MapType MakeMap(std::size_t size) {
+  MapType result;
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    result.emplace(i, i);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename MapType>
+void InsertKeyValue(MessageWriter* writer, std::size_t size) {
+  MapType map;
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    map.emplace(i, i);
+  }
+  for (const auto& element : map) {
+    Serialize(element.first, writer);
+    Serialize(element.second, writer);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+TEST(SerializableTypes, Constructor) {
+  TestType tt(1, 2.0, "three", TestType::Foo::kBar);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, tt.a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2.0, tt.b);
+  EXPECT_EQ("three", tt.c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestType::Foo::kBar, tt.d);
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, bool) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  bool value;
+
+  // True.
+  value = true;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_TRUE};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // False.
+  value = false;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FALSE};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, uint8_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  uint8_t value;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = (1 << 7) - 1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  value = (1 << 7);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, (1 << 7)};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  value = 0xff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, uint16_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  uint16_t value;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = (1 << 7) - 1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  value = (1 << 7);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, (1 << 7)};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  value = 0xff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT16.
+  value = (1 << 8);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0, 1};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT16.
+  value = 0xffff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, uint32_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  uint32_t value;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = (1 << 7) - 1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  value = (1 << 7);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, (1 << 7)};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  value = 0xff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT16.
+  value = (1 << 8);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0, 1};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT16.
+  value = 0xffff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT32.
+  value = (1 << 16);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0, 0, 1, 0};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT32.
+  value = 0xffffffff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, uint64_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  uint64_t value;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = (1 << 7) - 1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  value = (1 << 7);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, (1 << 7)};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  value = 0xff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT16.
+  value = (1 << 8);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0, 1};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT16.
+  value = 0xffff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT32.
+  value = (1 << 16);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0, 0, 1, 0};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT32.
+  value = 0xffffffff;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min UINT64.
+  value = (1ULL << 32);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max UINT64.
+  value = 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, int8_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  int8_t value;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -32;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = 127;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  value = -128;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  value = -33;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0xdf};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, int16_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  int16_t value;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -32;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = 127;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  value = -128;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  value = -33;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0xdf};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT16.
+  value = -32768;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0x00, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT16.
+  value = 32767;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, int32_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  int32_t value;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -32;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = 127;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  value = -128;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  value = -33;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0xdf};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT16.
+  value = -32768;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0x00, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT16.
+  value = 32767;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT32.
+  value = -2147483648;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT32.
+  value = 2147483647;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, int64_t) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  int64_t value;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -32;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  value = -1;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  value = 0;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  value = 127;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  value = -128;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  value = -33;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0xdf};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT16.
+  value = -32768;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0x00, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT16.
+  value = 32767;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT32.
+  value = -2147483648;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT32.
+  value = 2147483647;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min INT64.
+  value = -9223372036854775808ULL;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max INT64.
+  value = 9223372036854775807ULL;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, float) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  float value;
+
+  value = 0.0f;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32, kZeroFloatBytes[0], kZeroFloatBytes[1],
+              kZeroFloatBytes[2], kZeroFloatBytes[3]};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  value = 1.0f;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32, kOneFloatBytes[0], kOneFloatBytes[1],
+              kOneFloatBytes[2], kOneFloatBytes[3]};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, double) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  double value;
+
+  value = 0.0f;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT64, kZeroDoubleBytes[0], kZeroDoubleBytes[1],
+              kZeroDoubleBytes[2],   kZeroDoubleBytes[3], kZeroDoubleBytes[4],
+              kZeroDoubleBytes[5],   kZeroDoubleBytes[6], kZeroDoubleBytes[7]};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  value = 1.0f;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT64, kOneDoubleBytes[0], kOneDoubleBytes[1],
+              kOneDoubleBytes[2],    kOneDoubleBytes[3], kOneDoubleBytes[4],
+              kOneDoubleBytes[5],    kOneDoubleBytes[6], kOneDoubleBytes[7]};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, Enum) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  enum Foo { kFoo, kBar, kBaz };
+  Foo value = kBar;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, EnumClass) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  enum class Foo { kFoo, kBar, kBaz };
+  Foo value = Foo::kBaz;
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 2};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, LocalHandle) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  LocalHandle fd1;
+  LocalHandle fd2;
+
+  fd1 = LocalHandle(100);
+  Serialize(fd1, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2, ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, result.FdCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, result.FdArray()[0]);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  fd2 = LocalHandle(200);
+  Serialize(std::forward_as_tuple(fd1, fd2), &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(
+      {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2,
+       ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2,
+       ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 1, 0});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, result.FdCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, result.FdArray()[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(200, result.FdArray()[1]);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  fd1.Release();  // Don't try to close fd 100.
+  fd2.Release();  // Don't try to close fd 200.
+
+  fd1 = LocalHandle(-2);
+  Serialize(fd1, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2, ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0xfe,
+              0xff};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.FdCount());
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, string) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  std::string value;
+
+  // Min FIXSTR.
+  value = "";
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXSTR.
+  value = std::string((1 << 5) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MAX};
+  expected.Append((1 << 5) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min STR8.
+  value = std::string((1 << 5), 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, (1 << 5)};
+  expected.Append((1 << 5), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max STR8.
+  value = std::string((1 << 8) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, (1 << 8) - 1};
+  expected.Append((1 << 8) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min STR16.
+  value = std::string((1 << 8), 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR16, 0x00, 0x01};
+  expected.Append((1 << 8), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max STR16.
+  value = std::string((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min STR32.
+  value = std::string((1 << 16), 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, StringWrapper) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  std::string value;
+
+  // Min FIXSTR.
+  value = "";
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXSTR.
+  value = std::string((1 << 5) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MAX};
+  expected.Append((1 << 5) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min STR8.
+  value = std::string((1 << 5), 'x');
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, (1 << 5)};
+  expected.Append((1 << 5), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max STR8.
+  value = std::string((1 << 8) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, (1 << 8) - 1};
+  expected.Append((1 << 8) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min STR16.
+  value = std::string((1 << 8), 'x');
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR16, 0x00, 0x01};
+  expected.Append((1 << 8), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max STR16.
+  value = std::string((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min STR32.
+  value = std::string((1 << 16), 'x');
+  Serialize(WrapString(value), &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, vector) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> value;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  value = {};
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 4), 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 16), 'x');
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, map) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  std::map<std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t> value;
+
+  // Min FIXMAP.
+  value = {};
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXMAP.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 4) - 1);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MAX};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 4) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min MAP16.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 4));
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max MAP16.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 16) - 1);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 16) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min MAP32.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 16));
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, unordered_map) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  std::unordered_map<std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t> value;
+
+  // Min FIXMAP.
+  value = {};
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXMAP.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 4) - 1);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MAX};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 4) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min MAP16.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 4));
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max MAP16.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 16) - 1);
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 16) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min MAP32.
+  value = MakeMap<decltype(value)>((1 << 16));
+  Serialize(value, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(value)>(&expected, (1 << 16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, array) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, 0> a0;
+  Serialize(a0, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 4) - 1> a1;
+  for (auto& element : a1)
+    element = 'x';
+  Serialize(a1, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 4)> a2;
+  for (auto& element : a2)
+    element = 'x';
+  Serialize(a2, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 16) - 1> a3;
+  for (auto& element : a3)
+    element = 'x';
+  Serialize(a3, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 16)> a4;
+  for (auto& element : a4)
+    element = 'x';
+  Serialize(a4, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, ArrayWrapper) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+  std::vector<std::uint8_t, DefaultInitializationAllocator<std::uint8_t>> value;
+  ArrayWrapper<std::uint8_t> wrapper;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  value = {};
+  Serialize(wrapper, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  wrapper = decltype(wrapper)(value.data(), value.capacity(), value.size());
+  Serialize(wrapper, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 4), 'x');
+  wrapper = decltype(wrapper)(value.data(), value.capacity(), value.size());
+  Serialize(wrapper, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  wrapper = decltype(wrapper)(value.data(), value.capacity(), value.size());
+  Serialize(wrapper, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  value = decltype(value)((1 << 16), 'x');
+  wrapper = decltype(wrapper)(value.data(), value.capacity(), value.size());
+  Serialize(wrapper, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, pair) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  auto p1 = std::make_pair(1, 2);
+  Serialize(p1, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 1, 2};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  auto p2 = std::make_pair('x', std::string("12345"));
+  Serialize(p2, &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)({ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 'x',
+                                 ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN + 5, '1', '2', '3',
+                                 '4', '5'});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, tuple) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  auto t1 = std::make_tuple();
+  Serialize(t1, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  auto t2 = GetNTuple<15>('x');
+  Serialize(t2, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  auto t3 = GetNTuple<(1 << 4)>('x');
+  Serialize(t3, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 4), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+// Template instantiation depth is an issue for these tests. They are commented
+// out to document the expected behavior, even though tuples of this order are
+// not expected in practice.
+#if 0
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  auto t4 = GetNTuple<(1 << 16)-1>('x');
+  Serialize(t4, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16)-1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  auto t5 = GetNTuple<(1 << 16)>('x');
+  Serialize(t5, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  expected.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+#endif
+}
+
+// TODO(eieio): More exhaustive testing of type nesting.
+TEST(SerializationTest, NestedTuple) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  auto t1 = std::make_tuple('x', std::make_tuple<int, int>(1, 2));
+  Serialize(t1, &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)({ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 'x',
+                                 ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 1, 2});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  auto t2 = std::make_tuple('x', std::make_tuple<int, int>(1, 2),
+                            std::string("0123456789"));
+  Serialize(t2, &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)({ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 3, 'x',
+                                 ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 1, 2,
+                                 ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR | 10, '0', '1', '2', '3',
+                                 '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  auto t3 = std::make_tuple(0.0f, std::uint64_t(10ULL),
+                            std::vector<char>{'a', 'b', 'c'});
+  Serialize(t3, &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(
+      {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 3, ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+       kZeroFloatBytes[0], kZeroFloatBytes[1], kZeroFloatBytes[2],
+       kZeroFloatBytes[3], ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 10,
+       ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 3, 'a', 'b', 'c'});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, NestedMap) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  std::map<int, std::pair<std::string, int>> m1 = {{0, {"a", 2}},
+                                                   {1, {"b", 10}}};
+  Serialize(m1, &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(
+      {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 2, 0, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2,
+       ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN + 1, 'a', 2, 1, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2,
+       ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN + 1, 'b', 10});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, Serializable) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  TestType t1{10, 0.0, "12345", TestType::Foo::kBaz};
+  Serialize(t1, &result);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(
+      {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 4, 10, ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+       kZeroFloatBytes[0], kZeroFloatBytes[1], kZeroFloatBytes[2],
+       kZeroFloatBytes[3], ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN + 5, '1', '2', '3', '4',
+       '5', ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 2});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  TestTemplateType<LocalHandle> tt{LocalHandle(-1)};
+  Serialize(tt, &result);
+  expected =
+      decltype(expected)({ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2,
+                          ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0xff, 0xff});
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(SerializationTest, Variant) {
+  Payload result;
+  Payload expected;
+
+  Variant<int, bool, float> v;
+
+  // Empty variant.
+  Serialize(v, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_NIL};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  v = 10;
+  Serialize(v, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 0,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 10};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  v = true;
+  Serialize(v, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_TRUE};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  v = false;
+  Serialize(v, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_FALSE};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  v = 1.0f;
+  Serialize(v, &result);
+  expected = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 2,
+              ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+              kOneFloatBytes[0],
+              kOneFloatBytes[1],
+              kOneFloatBytes[2],
+              kOneFloatBytes[3]};
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+  result.Clear();
+
+  // TODO(eieio): Add more serialization tests for Variant.
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, bool) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  bool result = false;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // True.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_TRUE};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, result);  // Gtest generates warning from bool literals.
+
+  // False.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FALSE};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result);  // Gtest generates warning from bool literals.
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, uint8_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::uint8_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127U, result);
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffU, result);
+
+  // UINT16 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, error.encoding_type());
+
+  // UINT32 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, error.encoding_type());
+
+  // UINT64 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, error.encoding_type());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, uint16_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::uint16_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127U, result);
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffU, result);
+
+  // Min UINT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffffU, result);
+
+  // UINT32 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, error.encoding_type());
+
+  // UINT64 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, error.encoding_type());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, uint32_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::uint32_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127U, result);
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffU, result);
+
+  // Min UINT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffffU, result);
+
+  // Min UINT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffffffffU, result);
+
+  // UINT64 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, error.encoding_type());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, uint64_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::uint64_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127U, result);
+
+  // Min UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT8, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffU, result);
+
+  // Min UINT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffffU, result);
+
+  // Min UINT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_UINT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffffffffU, result);
+
+  // Min UINT64.
+  buffer = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, result);
+
+  // Max UINT64.
+  buffer = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_UINT64, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffffffffffffffffUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, int8_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::int8_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32, result);
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, result);
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-128, result);
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // INT16 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, error.encoding_type());
+
+  // INT32 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, error.encoding_type());
+
+  // INT64 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT64};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, error.encoding_type());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, int16_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::int16_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32, result);
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, result);
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-128, result);
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0x00, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32768, result);
+
+  // Max INT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(32767, result);
+
+  // INT32 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, error.encoding_type());
+
+  // INT64 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT64};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, error.encoding_type());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, int32_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::int32_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32, result);
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, result);
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-128, result);
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0x00, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32768, result);
+
+  // Max INT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(32767, result);
+
+  // Min INT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2147483648, result);
+
+  // Max INT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2147483647, result);
+
+  // INT64 out of range.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT64};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, error.encoding_type());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, int64_t) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::int64_t result = 0;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32, result);
+
+  // Max NEGATIVE FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, result);
+
+  // Min FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result);
+
+  // Max FIXINT.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-128, result);
+
+  // Max INT8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT8, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, result);
+
+  // Min INT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0x00, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-32768, result);
+
+  // Max INT16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT16, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(32767, result);
+
+  // Min INT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2147483648, result);
+
+  // Max INT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_INT32, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2147483647, result);
+
+  // Min INT64.
+  buffer = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  // Believe it or not, this is actually the correct way to specify the most
+  // negative signed long long.
+  EXPECT_EQ(-9223372036854775807LL - 1, result);
+
+  // Max INT64.
+  buffer = {
+      ENCODING_TYPE_INT64, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(9223372036854775807LL, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, float) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  float result;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // FLOAT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32, kZeroFloatBytes[0], kZeroFloatBytes[1],
+            kZeroFloatBytes[2], kZeroFloatBytes[3]};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kZeroFloat, result);
+
+  // FLOAT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32, kOneFloatBytes[0], kOneFloatBytes[1],
+            kOneFloatBytes[2], kOneFloatBytes[3]};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kOneFloat, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, double) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  double result;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // FLOAT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32, kZeroFloatBytes[0], kZeroFloatBytes[1],
+            kZeroFloatBytes[2], kZeroFloatBytes[3]};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kZeroDouble, result);
+
+  // FLOAT64.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT64, kZeroDoubleBytes[0], kZeroDoubleBytes[1],
+            kZeroDoubleBytes[2],   kZeroDoubleBytes[3], kZeroDoubleBytes[4],
+            kZeroDoubleBytes[5],   kZeroDoubleBytes[6], kZeroDoubleBytes[7]};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kZeroDouble, result);
+
+  // FLOAT32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32, kOneFloatBytes[0], kOneFloatBytes[1],
+            kOneFloatBytes[2], kOneFloatBytes[3]};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kOneDouble, result);
+
+  // FLOAT64.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT64, kOneDoubleBytes[0], kOneDoubleBytes[1],
+            kOneDoubleBytes[2],    kOneDoubleBytes[3], kOneDoubleBytes[4],
+            kOneDoubleBytes[5],    kOneDoubleBytes[6], kOneDoubleBytes[7]};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kOneDouble, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, Enum) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  enum Foo { kFoo, kBar, kBaz } result;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kBar, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, EnumClass) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  enum Foo { kFoo, kBar, kBaz } result;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 2};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Foo::kBaz, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, LocalHandle) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  LocalHandle result1;
+  LocalHandle result2;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2, ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0};
+  error = Deserialize(&result1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result1.Get());
+  result1.Release();  // Don't close fd 0.
+
+  std::tuple<LocalHandle&, LocalHandle&> t1(result1, result2);
+  buffer = decltype(buffer)(
+      {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2,
+       ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2,
+       ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 1, 0});
+  error = Deserialize(&t1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result1.Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, result2.Get());
+  result1.Release();  // Don't close fd 0.
+  result2.Release();  // Don't close fd 1.
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2, ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0xfe,
+            0xff};
+  error = Deserialize(&result1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, result1.Get());
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, string) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::string result = "";
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXSTR.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", result);
+
+  // Max FIXSTR.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MAX};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 5) - 1, 'x');
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string((1 << 5) - 1, 'x'), result);
+
+  // Min STR8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", result);
+
+  // Max STR8.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, 0xff};
+  buffer.Append(0xff, 'x');
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(0xff, 'x'), result);
+
+  // Min STR16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", result);
+
+  // Max STR16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  buffer.Append(0xffff, 'x');
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(0xffff, 'x'), result);
+
+  // Min STR32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", result);
+
+  // Test STR32 with max STR16 + 1 bytes. It's not practical to test max
+  // STR32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  buffer.Append(0x10000, 'x');
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(0x10000, 'x'), result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, vector) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::vector<std::uint8_t, DefaultInitializationAllocator<std::uint8_t>>
+      result;
+  Payload expected;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = decltype(expected)((1 << 4) - 1, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  buffer.Append(0xffff, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(0xffff, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // ARRAY32 with max ARRAY16 + 1. It's not practical to test max ARRAY32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  buffer.Append(0x10000, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(0x10000, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, map) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::map<std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t> result;
+  std::map<std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t> expected;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXMAP.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Size mismatch.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER, error);
+
+  // Max FIXMAP.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MAX};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(result)>(&buffer, (1 << 4) - 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = MakeMap<decltype(expected)>((1 << 4) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error) << std::string(error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min MAP16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Max MAP16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(result)>(&buffer, (1 << 16) - 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = MakeMap<decltype(expected)>((1 << 16) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min MAP32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // MAP32 with max MAP16 + 1. It's not practical to test max MAP32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(result)>(&buffer, (1 << 16));
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = MakeMap<decltype(expected)>((1 << 16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, unordered_map) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::unordered_map<std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t> result;
+  std::unordered_map<std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t> expected;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXMAP.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Size mismatch.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER, error);
+
+  // Max FIXMAP.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MAX};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(result)>(&buffer, (1 << 4) - 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = MakeMap<decltype(expected)>((1 << 4) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min MAP16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Max MAP16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(result)>(&buffer, (1 << 16) - 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = MakeMap<decltype(expected)>((1 << 16) - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min MAP32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // MAP32 with max MAP16 + 1. It's not practical to test max MAP32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_MAP32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  InsertKeyValue<decltype(result)>(&buffer, (1 << 16));
+  error = Deserialize(&result, &buffer);
+  expected = MakeMap<decltype(expected)>((1 << 16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, array) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, 0> a0;
+  error = Deserialize(&a0, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+
+  // Size mismatch.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 1};
+  error = Deserialize(&a0, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INSUFFICIENT_DESTINATION_SIZE, error);
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 'x');
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 4) - 1> a1, expected1;
+  for (auto& element : expected1)
+    element = 'x';
+  error = Deserialize(&a1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected1, a1);
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&a0, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 16) - 1, 'x');
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 16) - 1> a3, expected3;
+  for (auto& element : expected3)
+    element = 'x';
+  error = Deserialize(&a3, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected3, a3);
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&a0, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+
+  // ARRAY32 with max ARRAY16 + 1. It's not practical to test max ARRAY32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 16), 'x');
+  std::array<std::uint8_t, (1 << 16)> a4, expected4;
+  for (auto& element : expected4)
+    element = 'x';
+  error = Deserialize(&a4, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected4, a4);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, ArrayWrapper) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  std::vector<std::uint8_t, DefaultInitializationAllocator<std::uint8_t>>
+      result;
+  std::vector<std::uint8_t, DefaultInitializationAllocator<std::uint8_t>>
+      expected;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  result.reserve(0x10000);
+  ArrayWrapper<std::uint8_t> wrapper(result.data(), result.capacity());
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&wrapper, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  result.resize(wrapper.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&wrapper, &buffer);
+  expected = decltype(expected)((1 << 4) - 1, 1);
+  result.resize(wrapper.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&wrapper, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  result.resize(wrapper.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Max ARRAY16.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0xff, 0xff};
+  buffer.Append(0xffff, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&wrapper, &buffer);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(0xffff, 1);
+  result.resize(wrapper.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&wrapper, &buffer);
+  expected = {};
+  result.resize(wrapper.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // ARRAY32 with max ARRAY16 + 1. It's not practical to test max ARRAY32.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00};
+  buffer.Append(0x10000, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&wrapper, &buffer);
+  expected = decltype(expected)(0x10000, 1);
+  result.resize(wrapper.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, pair) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  std::pair<int, int> p1;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 1, 2};
+  error = Deserialize(&p1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::make_pair(1, 2), p1);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, tuple) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  // Min FIXARRAY.
+  std::tuple<> t1;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN};
+  error = Deserialize(&t1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::make_tuple(), t1);  // Superfluous.
+
+  // Max FIXARRAY.
+  auto t2 = GetNTuple<15, int>(0);
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MAX};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 4) - 1, 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&t2, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ((GetNTuple<15, int>(1)), t2);
+
+  // Min ARRAY16.
+  // Using t1 above.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&t1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::make_tuple(), t1);
+
+  // ARRAY16 at Max FIXARRAY + 1
+  auto t3 = GetNTuple<(1 << 4), int>(0);
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY16, 0x10, 0x00};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 4), 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&t3, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ((GetNTuple<(1 << 4), int>(1)), t3);
+
+  // Min ARRAY32.
+  // Using t1 from above.
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  error = Deserialize(&t1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::make_tuple(), t1);
+
+  // ARRAY32 at Max FIXARRAY + 1
+  auto t4 = GetNTuple<(1 << 4), int>(0);
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_ARRAY32, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  buffer.Append((1 << 4), 1);
+  error = Deserialize(&t4, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ((GetNTuple<(1 << 4), int>(1)), t4);
+
+  // Template instantiation depth is an issue for tuples with large numbers of
+  // elements. As these are not expected in practice, the limits of ARRAY16
+  // and ARRAY32 are not tested.
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, Serializable) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  buffer = decltype(buffer)(
+      {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 4, 10, ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+       kZeroFloatBytes[0], kZeroFloatBytes[1], kZeroFloatBytes[2],
+       kZeroFloatBytes[3], ENCODING_TYPE_FIXSTR_MIN + 5, '1', '2', '3', '4',
+       '5', ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1});
+  TestType t1;
+  error = Deserialize(&t1, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestType(10, 0.f, "12345", TestType::Foo::kBar), t1);
+
+  buffer =
+      decltype(buffer)({ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_FIXEXT2,
+                        ENCODING_EXT_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, 0xff, 0xff});
+  TestTemplateType<LocalHandle> tt;
+  error = Deserialize(&tt, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestTemplateType<LocalHandle>(LocalHandle(-1)), tt);
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, Variant) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  Variant<int, bool, float> v;
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX,
+            ENCODING_TYPE_NIL};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v.empty());
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 0,
+            ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 10};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(v.is<int>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, std::get<int>(v));
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1,
+            ENCODING_TYPE_TRUE};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(v.is<bool>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, std::get<bool>(v));
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 1,
+            ENCODING_TYPE_FALSE};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(v.is<bool>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, std::get<bool>(v));
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXMAP_MIN + 1,
+            ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN + 2,
+            ENCODING_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+            kOneFloatBytes[0],
+            kOneFloatBytes[1],
+            kOneFloatBytes[2],
+            kOneFloatBytes[3]};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::NO_ERROR, error);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(v.is<float>());
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, std::get<float>(v));
+
+  // TODO(eieio): Add more deserialization tests for Variant.
+}
+
+TEST(DeserializationTest, ErrorType) {
+  Payload buffer;
+  ErrorType error;
+
+  std::uint8_t u8;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&u8, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::uint16_t u16;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&u16, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::uint32_t u32;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&u32, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::uint64_t u64;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&u64, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::int8_t i8;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&i8, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::int16_t i16;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&i16, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::int32_t i32;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&i32, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::int64_t i64;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&i64, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_INT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::string s;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT};
+  error = Deserialize(&s, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_STRING, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT, error.encoding_type());
+
+  std::vector<std::uint8_t> v;
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_ARRAY, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_POSITIVE_FIXINT, error.encoding_type());
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 1, ENCODING_TYPE_STR8};
+  error = Deserialize(&v, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_ENCODING, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_CLASS_UINT, error.encoding_class());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENCODING_TYPE_STR8, error.encoding_type());
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 2, 0, 1};
+  std::tuple<int> t;
+  error = Deserialize(&t, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_TYPE_SIZE, error);
+
+  buffer = {ENCODING_TYPE_FIXARRAY_MIN + 3, 0, 1, 2};
+  std::pair<int, int> p;
+  error = Deserialize(&p, &buffer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNEXPECTED_TYPE_SIZE, error);
+}