diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index 7f207f0..f9b84fa 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     defaults: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_shared",
         "renderengine_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_deps",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-DGL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
@@ -117,7 +118,10 @@
 // possible if libskia_renderengine is just pulled into librenderengine via whole_static_libs.
 cc_defaults {
     name: "librenderengine_deps",
-    defaults: ["skia_renderengine_deps"],
+    defaults: [
+        "skia_renderengine_deps",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_deps",
+    ],
     static_libs: ["libskia_renderengine"],
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp
index f84db0b..2d18ddb 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_shared",
         "librenderengine_deps",
         "surfaceflinger_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_deps",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "main.cpp",
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "librenderengine",
         "libshaders",
-        "libsurfaceflinger_common",
         "libtonemap",
     ],
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index 25afc7b..9e1c226 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -1236,6 +1236,16 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(activeSurface != dstSurface);
     auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(context, dstSurface));
     trace(drawFence);
+    FenceTimePtr fenceTime = FenceTime::makeValid(drawFence);
+    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
+        if (FlagManager::getInstance().monitor_buffer_fences()) {
+            if (layer.source.buffer.buffer) {
+                layer.source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer()
+                        ->getDependencyMonitor()
+                        .addAccessCompletion(fenceTime, "RE");
+            }
+        }
+    }
     resultPromise->set_value(std::move(drawFence));
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/Android.bp b/libs/ui/Android.bp
index 87e213e..10cb992 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ui/Android.bp
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@
 
     srcs: [
         "DebugUtils.cpp",
+        "DependencyMonitor.cpp",
         "DeviceProductInfo.cpp",
         "DisplayIdentification.cpp",
         "DynamicDisplayInfo.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/ui/DependencyMonitor.cpp b/libs/ui/DependencyMonitor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e490e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/DependencyMonitor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "DependencyMonitor"
+
+#include <ui/DependencyMonitor.h>
+#include <ui/Fence.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+void DependencyMonitor::addIngress(FenceTimePtr fence, std::string annotation) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    resolveLocked();
+    if (mDependencies.isFull() && !mDependencies.front().updateSignalTimes(true)) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Clobbering unresolved dependencies -- make me bigger!", mToken.c_str());
+    }
+
+    auto& entry = mDependencies.next();
+    entry.reset(mToken.c_str());
+    ALOGV("%" PRId64 "/%s: addIngress at CPU time %" PRId64 " (%s)", mDependencies.back().id,
+          mToken.c_str(), systemTime(), annotation.c_str());
+
+    mDependencies.back().ingress = {std::move(fence), std::move(annotation)};
+}
+
+void DependencyMonitor::addAccessCompletion(FenceTimePtr fence, std::string annotation) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    if (mDependencies.size() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%" PRId64 "/%s: addAccessCompletion at CPU time %" PRId64 " (%s)",
+          mDependencies.back().id, mToken.c_str(), systemTime(), annotation.c_str());
+    mDependencies.back().accessCompletions.emplace_back(std::move(fence), std::move(annotation));
+}
+
+void DependencyMonitor::addEgress(FenceTimePtr fence, std::string annotation) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    if (mDependencies.size() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%" PRId64 "/%s: addEgress at CPU time %" PRId64 " (%s)", mDependencies.back().id,
+          mToken.c_str(), systemTime(), annotation.c_str());
+    mDependencies.back().egress = {std::move(fence), std::move(annotation)};
+}
+
+void DependencyMonitor::resolveLocked() {
+    if (mDependencies.size() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = mDependencies.size(); i > 0; i--) {
+        auto& dependencyBlock = mDependencies[i - 1];
+
+        if (dependencyBlock.validated) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!dependencyBlock.updateSignalTimes(false)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        dependencyBlock.validated = true;
+        dependencyBlock.checkUnsafeAccess();
+    }
+}
+
+bool DependencyMonitor::DependencyBlock::updateSignalTimes(bool excludeIngress) {
+    if (egress.fence->getSignalTime() == Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!excludeIngress && ingress.fence->getSignalTime() == Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& accessCompletion : accessCompletions) {
+        if (accessCompletion.fence->getSignalTime() == Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void DependencyMonitor::DependencyBlock::checkUnsafeAccess() const {
+    const nsecs_t egressTime = egress.fence->getCachedSignalTime();
+    const nsecs_t ingressTime = ingress.fence->getCachedSignalTime();
+
+    ALOGV_IF(egressTime != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_INVALID,
+             "%" PRId64 "/%s: Egress time: %" PRId64 " (%s)", token, id, egressTime,
+             egress.annotation.c_str());
+    ALOGV_IF(Fence::isValidTimestamp(egressTime) && Fence::isValidTimestamp(ingressTime) &&
+                     egressTime < ingressTime,
+             "%" PRId64 "/%s: Detected egress before ingress!: %" PRId64 " (%s) < %" PRId64 " (%s)",
+             id, token, egressTime, egress.annotation, ingressTime, ingress.annotation.c_str());
+
+    for (auto& accessCompletion : accessCompletions) {
+        const nsecs_t accessCompletionTime = accessCompletion.fence->getCachedSignalTime();
+        if (!Fence::isValidTimestamp(accessCompletionTime)) {
+            ALOGI("%" PRId64 "/%s: Detected invalid access completion! <%s>", id, token,
+                  accessCompletion.annotation.c_str());
+            continue;
+        } else {
+            ALOGV("%" PRId64 "/%s: Access completion time: %" PRId64 " <%s>", id, token,
+                  accessCompletionTime, accessCompletion.annotation.c_str());
+        }
+
+        ALOGI_IF(Fence::isValidTimestamp(egressTime) && accessCompletionTime > egressTime,
+                 "%" PRId64 "/%s: Detected access completion after egress!: %" PRId64
+                 " (%s) > %" PRId64 " (%s)",
+                 id, token, accessCompletionTime, accessCompletion.annotation.c_str(), egressTime,
+                 egress.annotation.c_str());
+
+        ALOGI_IF(Fence::isValidTimestamp(ingressTime) && accessCompletionTime < ingressTime,
+                 "%" PRId64 "/%s: Detected access completion prior to ingress!: %" PRId64
+                 " (%s) < %" PRId64 " (%s)",
+                 id, token, accessCompletionTime, accessCompletion.annotation.c_str(), ingressTime,
+                 ingress.annotation.c_str());
+    }
+
+    ALOGV_IF(ingressTime != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_INVALID,
+             "%" PRId64 "/%s: Ingress time: %" PRId64 " (%s)", id, token, ingressTime,
+             ingress.annotation.c_str());
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/FenceTime.cpp b/libs/ui/FenceTime.cpp
index 4246c40..81afe9e 100644
--- a/libs/ui/FenceTime.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/FenceTime.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,14 @@
     }
 }
 
+FenceTimePtr FenceTime::makeValid(const sp<Fence>& fence) {
+    if (fence && fence->isValid()) {
+        return std::make_shared<FenceTime>(fence);
+    } else {
+        return std::make_shared<FenceTime>(systemTime());
+    }
+}
+
 void FenceTime::applyTrustedSnapshot(const Snapshot& src) {
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(src.state != Snapshot::State::SIGNAL_TIME)) {
         // Applying Snapshot::State::FENCE, could change the valid state of the
@@ -289,9 +297,10 @@
 // ============================================================================
 void FenceTimeline::push(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& fence) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-    while (mQueue.size() >= MAX_ENTRIES) {
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = 64;
+    while (mQueue.size() >= MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
         // This is a sanity check to make sure the queue doesn't grow unbounded.
-        // MAX_ENTRIES should be big enough not to trigger this path.
+        // MAX_QUEUE_SIZE should be big enough not to trigger this path.
         // In case this path is taken though, users of FenceTime must make sure
         // not to rely solely on FenceTimeline to get the final timestamp and
         // should eventually call Fence::getSignalTime on their own.
diff --git a/libs/ui/GraphicBuffer.cpp b/libs/ui/GraphicBuffer.cpp
index 18c9a6b..f7c9400 100644
--- a/libs/ui/GraphicBuffer.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/GraphicBuffer.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
 namespace android {
 
 // ===========================================================================
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@
     usage  = 0;
     layerCount = 0;
     handle = nullptr;
+    mDependencyMonitor.setToken(std::to_string(mId));
 }
 
 // deprecated
@@ -155,6 +158,8 @@
         layerCount = request.layerCount;
         usage = request.usage;
         usage_deprecated = int(usage);
+        std::string name = request.requestorName;
+        mDependencyMonitor.setToken(name.append(":").append(std::to_string(mId)));
     }
 }
 
@@ -252,6 +257,7 @@
         usage = inUsage;
         usage_deprecated = int(usage);
         stride = static_cast<int>(outStride);
+        mDependencyMonitor.setToken(requestorName.append(":").append(std::to_string(mId)));
     }
     return err;
 }
@@ -609,6 +615,14 @@
         mBufferMapper.getTransportSize(handle, &mTransportNumFds, &mTransportNumInts);
     }
 
+    std::string name;
+    status_t err = mBufferMapper.getName(handle, &name);
+    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
+        name = "<Unknown>";
+    }
+
+    mDependencyMonitor.setToken(name.append(":").append(std::to_string(mId)));
+
     buffer = static_cast<void const*>(static_cast<uint8_t const*>(buffer) + sizeNeeded);
     size -= sizeNeeded;
     fds += numFds;
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/DependencyMonitor.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/DependencyMonitor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad1fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/DependencyMonitor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ui/FatVector.h>
+#include <ui/FenceTime.h>
+#include <ui/RingBuffer.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+// Debugging class for that tries to add userspace logging for fence depencencies.
+// The model that a DependencyMonitor tries to follow is, for each access of some resource:
+// 1. There is a single ingress fence, that guards whether a resource is now safe to read from
+// another system.
+// 2. There are multiple access fences, that are fired when a resource is read.
+// 3. There is a single egress fence, that is fired when a resource is released and sent to another
+// system.
+//
+// Note that there can be repeated ingress and egress of a resource, but the assumption is that
+// there is exactly one egress for every ingress, unless the resource is destroyed rather than
+// released.
+//
+// The DependencyMonitor will log if there is an anomaly in the fences tracked for some resource.
+// This includes:
+// * If (2) happens before (1)
+// * If (2) happens after (3)
+//
+// Note that this class has no knowledge of the "other system". I.e., if the other system ignores
+// the fence reported in (3), but still takes a long time to write to the resource and produce (1),
+// then nothing will be logged. That other system must have its own DependencyMonitor. Conversely,
+// this class has imperfect knowledge of the system it is monitoring. For example, this class does
+// not know the precise start times of reading from a resource, the exact time that a read might
+// occur from a hardware unit is not known to userspace.
+//
+// In other words, this class logs specific classes of fence violations, but is not sensitive to
+// *all* violations. One property of this is that unless the system tracked by a DependencyMonitor
+// is feeding in literally incorrect fences, then there is no chance of a false positive.
+//
+// This class is thread safe.
+class DependencyMonitor {
+public:
+    // Sets a debug token identifying the resource this monitor is tracking.
+    void setToken(std::string token) { mToken = std::move(token); }
+
+    // Adds a fence that is fired when the resource ready to be ingested by the system using the
+    // DependencyMonitor.
+    void addIngress(FenceTimePtr fence, std::string annotation);
+    // Adds a fence that is fired when the resource is accessed.
+    void addAccessCompletion(FenceTimePtr fence, std::string annotation);
+    // Adds a fence that is fired when the resource is released to another system.
+    void addEgress(FenceTimePtr fence, std::string annotation);
+
+private:
+    struct AnnotatedFenceTime {
+        FenceTimePtr fence;
+        std::string annotation;
+    };
+
+    struct DependencyBlock {
+        int64_t id = -1;
+        AnnotatedFenceTime ingress = {FenceTime::NO_FENCE, ""};
+        FatVector<AnnotatedFenceTime> accessCompletions;
+        AnnotatedFenceTime egress = {FenceTime::NO_FENCE, ""};
+        bool validated = false;
+        const char* token = nullptr;
+
+        void reset(const char* newToken) {
+            static std::atomic<int64_t> counter = 0;
+            id = counter++;
+            ingress = {FenceTime::NO_FENCE, ""};
+            accessCompletions.clear();
+            egress = {FenceTime::NO_FENCE, ""};
+            validated = false;
+            token = newToken;
+        }
+
+        // Returns true if all fences in this block have valid signal times.
+        bool updateSignalTimes(bool excludeIngress);
+
+        void checkUnsafeAccess() const;
+    };
+
+    void resolveLocked() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    std::string mToken;
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    ui::RingBuffer<DependencyBlock, 10> mDependencies GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+};
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/FenceTime.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/FenceTime.h
index 334106f..3560d57 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/FenceTime.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/FenceTime.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_FENCE_TIME_H
 #define ANDROID_FENCE_TIME_H
 
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <utils/Flattenable.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@
 namespace android {
 
 class FenceToFenceTimeMap;
+class FenceTime;
+using FenceTimePtr = std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>;
 
 // A wrapper around fence that only implements isValid and getSignalTime.
 // It automatically closes the fence in a thread-safe manner once the signal
@@ -95,6 +98,10 @@
     FenceTime& operator=(const FenceTime&) = delete;
     FenceTime& operator=(FenceTime&&) = delete;
 
+    // Constructs a FenceTime, falling back to a timestamp if the fence is
+    // invalid.
+    static FenceTimePtr makeValid(const sp<Fence>& fence);
+
     // This method should only be called when replacing the fence with
     // a signalTime. Since this is an indirect way of setting the signal time
     // of a fence, the snapshot should come from a trusted source.
@@ -142,8 +149,6 @@
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mSignalTime{Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_INVALID};
 };
 
-using FenceTimePtr = std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>;
-
 // A queue of FenceTimes that are expected to signal in FIFO order.
 // Only maintains a queue of weak pointers so it doesn't keep references
 // to Fences on its own.
@@ -162,8 +167,6 @@
 // different threads.
 class FenceTimeline {
 public:
-    static constexpr size_t MAX_ENTRIES = 64;
-
     void push(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& fence);
     void updateSignalTimes();
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBuffer.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBuffer.h
index 936bf8f..9305180 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBuffer.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBuffer.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
+#include "ui/DependencyMonitor.h"
 
 #include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include <ui/ANativeObjectBase.h>
@@ -229,6 +230,8 @@
 
     void addDeathCallback(GraphicBufferDeathCallback deathCallback, void* context);
 
+    DependencyMonitor& getDependencyMonitor() { return mDependencyMonitor; }
+
 private:
     ~GraphicBuffer();
 
@@ -295,6 +298,8 @@
     // and informs SurfaceFlinger that it should drop its strong pointer reference to the buffer.
     std::vector<std::pair<GraphicBufferDeathCallback, void* /*mDeathCallbackContext*/>>
             mDeathCallbacks;
+
+    DependencyMonitor mDependencyMonitor;
 };
 
 } // namespace android