Add a TexturePool class into layer caching

In order to reduce the risk of buffer allocations burning cycles during
rendering, add a texture pool which preallocates a set of screen-sized
buffers available for use for layer caching.

This texture pool has some properties to ease implementation details:
1. Textures are allocated synchronously. It's not very hard to add
asynchronous support, but that does add a bit of complexity and Android
12 is almost finalized. It's also not yet clear if asynchronous
allocation is needed since we can just tune the min texture pool size so
that more buffers are preallocated; although it is certainly more
flexible if we're able to defer allocations off-thread.
2. The texture pool is soft-bounded. If needed additional textures may
be allocated to allow for complex geometries, but beyond an upper bound
any additional textures may be deallocated.
3. The texture pool only supports screen-sized buffers, so we don't
allocate smaller scratch buffers to save on memory. However, typically
layer caching only caches screen-sized buffers. This also means that if
the display size changes, then the texture pool must be reallocated.
Note that the "display size" really refers to the framebuffer size, not
necessarily the app-visible display.

Bug: 184860700
Test: builds, boots
Test: libcompositionengine_test
Change-Id: Ic084310bae2b41be49c2cfe9f8c5a20ff683d1ad
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
index 08147ed..d738ccd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
         "src/planner/LayerState.cpp",
         "src/planner/Planner.cpp",
         "src/planner/Predictor.cpp",
+        "src/planner/TexturePool.cpp",
         "src/ClientCompositionRequestCache.cpp",
         "src/CompositionEngine.cpp",
         "src/Display.cpp",
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@
         "tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp",
         "tests/planner/LayerStateTest.cpp",
         "tests/planner/PredictorTest.cpp",
+        "tests/planner/TexturePoolTest.cpp",
         "tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp",
         "tests/DisplayColorProfileTest.cpp",
         "tests/DisplayTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
index 2c18a60..a4356c5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/Output.h>
 #include <compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h>
+#include <compositionengine/impl/planner/TexturePool.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -64,9 +65,12 @@
     size_t getLayerCount() const { return mLayers.size(); }
     const Layer& getFirstLayer() const { return mLayers[0]; }
     const Rect& getBounds() const { return mBounds; }
+    Rect getTextureBounds() const { return mOutputSpace.content; }
     const Region& getVisibleRegion() const { return mVisibleRegion; }
     size_t getAge() const { return mAge; }
-    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& getBuffer() const { return mTexture; }
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> getBuffer() const {
+        return mTexture ? mTexture->get() : nullptr;
+    }
     const sp<Fence>& getDrawFence() const { return mDrawFence; }
     const ProjectionSpace& getOutputSpace() const { return mOutputSpace; }
     ui::Dataspace getOutputDataspace() const { return mOutputDataspace; }
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@
 
     void setLastUpdate(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now) { mLastUpdate = now; }
     void append(const CachedSet& other) {
-        mTexture = nullptr;
+        mTexture.reset();
         mOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
         mDrawFence = nullptr;
         mBlurLayer = nullptr;
@@ -105,7 +109,8 @@
     void incrementAge() { ++mAge; }
 
     // Renders the cached set with the supplied output composition state.
-    void render(renderengine::RenderEngine& re, const OutputCompositionState& outputState);
+    void render(renderengine::RenderEngine& re, TexturePool& texturePool,
+                const OutputCompositionState& outputState);
 
     void dump(std::string& result) const;
 
@@ -151,7 +156,9 @@
     Region mVisibleRegion;
     size_t mAge = 0;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mTexture;
+    // TODO(b/190411067): This is a shared pointer only because CachedSets are copied into different
+    // containers in the Flattener. Logically this should have unique ownership otherwise.
+    std::shared_ptr<TexturePool::AutoTexture> mTexture;
     sp<Fence> mDrawFence;
     ProjectionSpace mOutputSpace;
     ui::Dataspace mOutputDataspace;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
index c76078d..94a169e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
@@ -37,16 +37,18 @@
 
 class Flattener {
 public:
-    Flattener(bool enableHolePunch = false);
+    Flattener(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine, bool enableHolePunch = false);
 
-    void setDisplaySize(ui::Size size) { mDisplaySize = size; }
+    void setDisplaySize(ui::Size size) {
+        mDisplaySize = size;
+        mTexturePool.setDisplaySize(size);
+    }
 
     NonBufferHash flattenLayers(const std::vector<const LayerState*>& layers, NonBufferHash,
                                 std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now);
 
     // Renders the newest cached sets with the supplied output composition state
-    void renderCachedSets(renderengine::RenderEngine& re,
-                          const OutputCompositionState& outputState);
+    void renderCachedSets(const OutputCompositionState& outputState);
 
     void dump(std::string& result) const;
     void dumpLayers(std::string& result) const;
@@ -145,8 +147,11 @@
 
     void buildCachedSets(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now);
 
+    renderengine::RenderEngine& mRenderEngine;
     const bool mEnableHolePunch;
 
+    TexturePool mTexturePool;
+
     ui::Size mDisplaySize;
 
     NonBufferHash mCurrentGeometry;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h
index 4365b93..fd1ddfc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 // as a more efficient representation of parts of the layer stack.
 class Planner {
 public:
-    Planner();
+    Planner(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderengine);
 
     void setDisplaySize(ui::Size);
 
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@
             compositionengine::Output::OutputLayersEnumerator<compositionengine::Output>&& layers);
 
     // The planner will call to the Flattener to render any pending cached set
-    void renderCachedSets(renderengine::RenderEngine& re,
-                          const OutputCompositionState& outputState);
+    void renderCachedSets(const OutputCompositionState& outputState);
 
     void dump(const Vector<String16>& args, std::string&);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/TexturePool.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/TexturePool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb53ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/TexturePool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <compositionengine/Output.h>
+#include <compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h>
+#include <compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
+
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include "android-base/macros.h"
+
+namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner {
+
+// A pool of textures that only manages textures of a single size.
+// While it is possible to define a texture pool supporting variable-sized textures to save on
+// memory, it is a simpler implementation to only manage screen-sized textures. The texture pool is
+// unbounded - there are a minimum number of textures preallocated. Under heavy system load, new
+// textures may be allocated, but only a maximum number of retained once those textures are no
+// longer necessary.
+class TexturePool {
+public:
+    // RAII class helping with managing textures from the texture pool
+    // Textures once they're no longer used should be returned to the pool instead of outright
+    // deleted.
+    class AutoTexture {
+    public:
+        AutoTexture(TexturePool& texturePool,
+                    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture, const sp<Fence>& fence)
+              : mTexturePool(texturePool), mTexture(texture), mFence(fence) {}
+
+        ~AutoTexture() { mTexturePool.returnTexture(std::move(mTexture), mFence); }
+
+        sp<Fence> getReadyFence() { return mFence; }
+
+        void setReadyFence(const sp<Fence>& fence) { mFence = fence; }
+
+        // Disable copying and assigning
+        AutoTexture(const AutoTexture&) = delete;
+        AutoTexture& operator=(const AutoTexture&) = delete;
+
+        // Gets a pointer to the underlying external texture
+        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& get() const { return mTexture; }
+
+    private:
+        TexturePool& mTexturePool;
+        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mTexture;
+        sp<Fence> mFence;
+    };
+
+    TexturePool(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine) : mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {}
+
+    virtual ~TexturePool() = default;
+
+    // Sets the display size for the texture pool.
+    // This will trigger a reallocation for all remaining textures in the pool.
+    // setDisplaySize must be called for the texture pool to be used.
+    void setDisplaySize(ui::Size size);
+
+    // Borrows a new texture from the pool.
+    // If the pool is currently starved of textures, then a new texture is generated.
+    // When the AutoTexture object is destroyed, the scratch texture is automatically returned
+    // to the pool.
+    std::shared_ptr<AutoTexture> borrowTexture();
+
+protected:
+    // Proteted visibility so that they can be used for testing
+    const static constexpr size_t kMinPoolSize = 3;
+    const static constexpr size_t kMaxPoolSize = 4;
+
+    struct Entry {
+        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture;
+        sp<Fence> fence;
+    };
+
+    std::deque<Entry> mPool;
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> genTexture();
+    // Returns a previously borrowed texture to the pool.
+    void returnTexture(std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&& texture,
+                       const sp<Fence>& fence);
+    renderengine::RenderEngine& mRenderEngine;
+    ui::Size mSize;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index e9a8b91..cd2f742 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
     }
 
     if (enabled) {
-        mPlanner = std::make_unique<planner::Planner>();
+        mPlanner = std::make_unique<planner::Planner>(getCompositionEngine().getRenderEngine());
         if (mRenderSurface) {
             mPlanner->setDisplaySize(mRenderSurface->getSize());
         }
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@
 
 void Output::renderCachedSets() {
     if (mPlanner) {
-        mPlanner->renderCachedSets(getCompositionEngine().getRenderEngine(), getState());
+        mPlanner->renderCachedSets(getState());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
index dcfb05d..69e8c7d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 }
 
 bool CachedSet::hasReadyBuffer() const {
-    return mTexture != nullptr && mDrawFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Signaled;
+    return mTexture && mDrawFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Signaled;
 }
 
 std::vector<CachedSet> CachedSet::decompose() const {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void CachedSet::render(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine,
+void CachedSet::render(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine, TexturePool& texturePool,
                        const OutputCompositionState& outputState) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     const Rect& viewport = outputState.layerStackSpace.content;
@@ -165,10 +165,7 @@
             ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation);
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings displaySettings{
-            .physicalDisplay = Rect(-mBounds.left + outputState.framebufferSpace.content.left,
-                                    -mBounds.top + outputState.framebufferSpace.content.top,
-                                    -mBounds.left + outputState.framebufferSpace.content.right,
-                                    -mBounds.top + outputState.framebufferSpace.content.bottom),
+            .physicalDisplay = outputState.framebufferSpace.content,
             .clip = viewport,
             .outputDataspace = outputDataspace,
             .orientation = orientation,
@@ -255,30 +252,33 @@
         layerSettingsPointers.emplace_back(&highlight);
     }
 
-    const uint64_t usageFlags = GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_RENDER | GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
-            GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer(static_cast<uint32_t>(mBounds.getWidth()),
-                                                 static_cast<uint32_t>(mBounds.getHeight()),
-                                                 HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usageFlags);
-    const auto texture = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer, renderEngine,
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer->initCheck() != OK);
-    base::unique_fd drawFence;
+    auto texture = texturePool.borrowTexture();
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(texture->get()->getBuffer()->initCheck() != OK);
 
-    status_t result = renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, texture,
-                                              false, base::unique_fd(), &drawFence);
+    base::unique_fd bufferFence;
+    if (texture->getReadyFence()) {
+        // Bail out if the buffer is not ready, because there is some pending GPU work left.
+        if (texture->getReadyFence()->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Signaled) {
+            return;
+        }
+        bufferFence.reset(texture->getReadyFence()->dup());
+    }
+
+    base::unique_fd drawFence;
+    status_t result =
+            renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, texture->get(), false,
+                                    std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
 
     if (result == NO_ERROR) {
         mDrawFence = new Fence(drawFence.release());
         mOutputSpace = outputState.framebufferSpace;
-        mTexture = std::move(texture);
+        mTexture = texture;
+        mTexture->setReadyFence(mDrawFence);
         mOutputSpace.orientation = outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation;
         mOutputDataspace = outputDataspace;
         mOrientation = orientation;
     } else {
-        mTexture = nullptr;
+        mTexture.reset();
     }
 }
 
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
     base::StringAppendF(&result, "  + Fingerprint %016zx, last update %sago, age %zd\n",
                         mFingerprint, durationString(lastUpdate).c_str(), mAge);
     {
-        const auto b = mTexture ? mTexture->getBuffer().get() : nullptr;
+        const auto b = mTexture ? mTexture->get()->getBuffer().get() : nullptr;
         base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Override buffer: %p\n", b);
     }
     base::StringAppendF(&result, "    HolePunchLayer: %p\n", mHolePunchLayer);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
index 48fb51f..192c411 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@
 
 } // namespace
 
-Flattener::Flattener(bool enableHolePunch) : mEnableHolePunch(enableHolePunch) {
+Flattener::Flattener(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine, bool enableHolePunch)
+      : mRenderEngine(renderEngine),
+        mEnableHolePunch(enableHolePunch),
+        mTexturePool(mRenderEngine) {
     const int timeoutInMs =
             base::GetIntProperty(std::string("debug.sf.layer_caching_active_layer_timeout_ms"), 0);
     if (timeoutInMs != 0) {
@@ -102,14 +105,13 @@
     return hash;
 }
 
-void Flattener::renderCachedSets(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine,
-                                 const OutputCompositionState& outputState) {
+void Flattener::renderCachedSets(const OutputCompositionState& outputState) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (!mNewCachedSet || mNewCachedSet->hasRenderedBuffer()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    mNewCachedSet->render(renderEngine, outputState);
+    mNewCachedSet->render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, outputState);
 }
 
 void Flattener::dumpLayers(std::string& result) const {
@@ -285,7 +287,7 @@
                         state.overrideInfo = {
                                 .buffer = mNewCachedSet->getBuffer(),
                                 .acquireFence = mNewCachedSet->getDrawFence(),
-                                .displayFrame = mNewCachedSet->getBounds(),
+                                .displayFrame = mNewCachedSet->getTextureBounds(),
                                 .dataspace = mNewCachedSet->getOutputDataspace(),
                                 .displaySpace = mNewCachedSet->getOutputSpace(),
                                 .damageRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION,
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@
                 state.overrideInfo = {
                         .buffer = currentLayerIter->getBuffer(),
                         .acquireFence = currentLayerIter->getDrawFence(),
-                        .displayFrame = currentLayerIter->getBounds(),
+                        .displayFrame = currentLayerIter->getTextureBounds(),
                         .dataspace = currentLayerIter->getOutputDataspace(),
                         .displaySpace = currentLayerIter->getOutputSpace(),
                         .damageRegion = Region(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
index 297c0b2..711a634 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
@@ -29,12 +29,13 @@
 
 namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner {
 
-Planner::Planner()
+Planner::Planner(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine)
       // Implicitly, layer caching must also be enabled for the hole punch or
       // predictor to have any effect.
       // E.g., setprop debug.sf.enable_layer_caching 1, or
       // adb shell service call SurfaceFlinger 1040 i32 1 [i64 <display ID>]
-      : mFlattener(base::GetBoolProperty(std::string("debug.sf.enable_hole_punch_pip"), true)) {
+      : mFlattener(renderEngine,
+                   base::GetBoolProperty(std::string("debug.sf.enable_hole_punch_pip"), true)) {
     mPredictorEnabled =
             base::GetBoolProperty(std::string("debug.sf.enable_planner_prediction"), false);
 }
@@ -160,10 +161,9 @@
                             finalPlan);
 }
 
-void Planner::renderCachedSets(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine,
-                               const OutputCompositionState& outputState) {
+void Planner::renderCachedSets(const OutputCompositionState& outputState) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    mFlattener.renderCachedSets(renderEngine, outputState);
+    mFlattener.renderCachedSets(outputState);
 }
 
 void Planner::dump(const Vector<String16>& args, std::string& result) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/TexturePool.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/TexturePool.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3772a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/TexturePool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "Planner"
+
+#include <compositionengine/impl/planner/TexturePool.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner {
+
+void TexturePool::setDisplaySize(ui::Size size) {
+    if (mSize == size) {
+        return;
+    }
+    mSize = size;
+    mPool.clear();
+    mPool.resize(kMinPoolSize);
+    std::generate_n(mPool.begin(), kMinPoolSize, [&]() { return Entry{genTexture(), nullptr}; });
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<TexturePool::AutoTexture> TexturePool::borrowTexture() {
+    if (mPool.empty()) {
+        return std::make_shared<AutoTexture>(*this, genTexture(), nullptr);
+    }
+
+    const auto entry = mPool.front();
+    mPool.pop_front();
+    return std::make_shared<AutoTexture>(*this, entry.texture, entry.fence);
+}
+
+void TexturePool::returnTexture(std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&& texture,
+                                const sp<Fence>& fence) {
+    // Drop the texture on the floor if the pool is no longer tracking textures of the same size.
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(texture->getBuffer()->getWidth()) != mSize.getWidth() ||
+        static_cast<int32_t>(texture->getBuffer()->getHeight()) != mSize.getHeight()) {
+        ALOGV("Deallocating texture from Planner's pool - display size changed (previous: (%dx%d), "
+              "current: (%dx%d))",
+              texture->getBuffer()->getWidth(), texture->getBuffer()->getHeight(), mSize.getWidth(),
+              mSize.getHeight());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Also ensure the pool does not grow beyond a maximum size.
+    if (mPool.size() == kMaxPoolSize) {
+        ALOGD("Deallocating texture from Planner's pool - max size [%" PRIu64 "] reached",
+              static_cast<uint64_t>(kMaxPoolSize));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mPool.push_back({std::move(texture), fence});
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> TexturePool::genTexture() {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mSize.isValid(), "Attempted to generate texture with invalid size");
+    return std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(sp<GraphicBuffer>::
+                                                   make(mSize.getWidth(), mSize.getHeight(),
+                                                        HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+                                                        GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_RENDER |
+                                                                GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
+                                                                GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
+                                                        "Planner"),
+                                           mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index 52e0428..c381081 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@
         mOutput->setRenderSurfaceForTest(std::unique_ptr<RenderSurface>(mRenderSurface));
 
         mOutput->editState().displaySpace.bounds = kDefaultDisplaySize;
+        EXPECT_CALL(mCompositionEngine, getRenderEngine()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mRenderEngine));
     }
 
     void injectOutputLayer(InjectedLayer& layer) {
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@
     static const Rect kDefaultDisplaySize;
 
     StrictMock<mock::CompositionEngine> mCompositionEngine;
+    StrictMock<renderengine::mock::RenderEngine> mRenderEngine;
     mock::DisplayColorProfile* mDisplayColorProfile = new StrictMock<mock::DisplayColorProfile>();
     mock::RenderSurface* mRenderSurface = new StrictMock<mock::RenderSurface>();
     std::shared_ptr<Output> mOutput = createOutput(mCompositionEngine);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
index 8eeb0bf..b15e4f3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 using impl::planner::CachedSet;
 using impl::planner::LayerState;
 using impl::planner::LayerStateField;
+using impl::planner::TexturePool;
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
 
     return expectedBlurSetting == arg.blurSetting;
 }
+static const ui::Size kOutputSize = ui::Size(1, 1);
 
 class CachedSetTest : public testing::Test {
 public:
@@ -76,9 +78,11 @@
     impl::OutputCompositionState mOutputState;
 
     android::renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
+    TexturePool mTexturePool = TexturePool(mRenderEngine);
 };
 
 void CachedSetTest::SetUp() {
+    mTexturePool.setDisplaySize(kOutputSize);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumLayers; i++) {
         auto testLayer = std::make_unique<TestLayer>();
         auto pos = static_cast<int32_t>(i);
@@ -319,7 +323,7 @@
                                 const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
                                 base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(-1, -1, 9, 4), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.content, displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
@@ -333,10 +337,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList1));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
-    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace, cachedSet.getOutputSpace());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.content, cachedSet.getTextureBounds());
 
     // Now check that appending a new cached set properly cleans up RenderEngine resources.
     CachedSet::Layer& layer3 = *mTestLayers[2]->cachedSetLayer.get();
@@ -367,7 +372,7 @@
                                 const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
                                 base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(1, 2, 9, 4), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.content, displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
@@ -381,7 +386,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList1));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
-    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace, cachedSet.getOutputSpace());
@@ -554,7 +559,7 @@
     };
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
-    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CachedSetTest, addHolePunch_noBuffer) {
@@ -604,7 +609,7 @@
     };
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
-    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CachedSetTest, append_removesHolePunch) {
@@ -741,7 +746,7 @@
     };
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
-    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
index 8b03964..e176c98 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
@@ -46,13 +46,14 @@
 
 class TestableFlattener : public Flattener {
 public:
-    TestableFlattener(bool enableHolePunch) : Flattener(enableHolePunch) {}
+    TestableFlattener(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine, bool enableHolePunch)
+          : Flattener(renderEngine, enableHolePunch) {}
     const std::optional<CachedSet>& getNewCachedSetForTesting() const { return mNewCachedSet; }
 };
 
 class FlattenerTest : public testing::Test {
 public:
-    FlattenerTest() : mFlattener(std::make_unique<TestableFlattener>(true)) {}
+    FlattenerTest() : mFlattener(std::make_unique<TestableFlattener>(mRenderEngine, true)) {}
     void SetUp() override;
 
 protected:
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@
     void initializeFlattener(const std::vector<const LayerState*>& layers);
     void expectAllLayersFlattened(const std::vector<const LayerState*>& layers);
 
-    // mRenderEngine may be held as a pointer to mFlattener, so mFlattener must be destroyed first.
+    // mRenderEngine is held as a reference in mFlattener, so mFlattener must be destroyed first.
     renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
     std::unique_ptr<TestableFlattener> mFlattener;
 
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@
 };
 
 void FlattenerTest::SetUp() {
+    mFlattener->setDisplaySize({1, 1});
     for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumLayers; i++) {
         auto testLayer = std::make_unique<TestLayer>();
         auto pos = static_cast<int32_t>(i);
@@ -146,13 +148,13 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     // same geometry, update the internal layer stack
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 }
 
 void FlattenerTest::expectAllLayersFlattened(const std::vector<const LayerState*>& layers) {
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     for (const auto layer : layers) {
         EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     const auto buffer = layers[0]->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_basicFlatten) {
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -395,7 +397,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -417,7 +419,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -426,7 +428,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -468,7 +470,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -482,7 +484,7 @@
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
     mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -495,7 +497,7 @@
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
     mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_180;
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -510,7 +512,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -522,7 +524,7 @@
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
     mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_270;
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -561,7 +563,7 @@
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
@@ -574,7 +576,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -623,7 +625,7 @@
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
@@ -636,7 +638,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -680,7 +682,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     for (const auto layer : layers) {
         EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
@@ -690,7 +692,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
@@ -724,7 +726,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     for (const auto layer : layers) {
         EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
@@ -735,7 +737,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
     for (const auto layer : layers) {
         EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
     }
@@ -776,7 +778,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     for (const auto layer : layers) {
         EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
@@ -786,7 +788,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, blurOverrideBuffer);
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
@@ -823,7 +825,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     const auto& cachedSet = mFlattener->getNewCachedSetForTesting();
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, cachedSet);
@@ -837,7 +839,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer2, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, blurOverrideBuffer);
@@ -864,7 +866,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
@@ -872,12 +874,12 @@
     // Simulate attempting to render prior to merging the new cached set with the layer stack.
     // Here we should not try to re-render.
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     // We provide the override buffer now that it's rendered
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer2, overrideBuffer1);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/TexturePoolTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/TexturePoolTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b802e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/TexturePoolTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "TexturePoolTest"
+
+#include <compositionengine/impl/planner/TexturePool.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
+
+namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner {
+namespace {
+
+const ui::Size kDisplaySize(1, 1);
+const ui::Size kDisplaySizeTwo(2, 2);
+
+class TestableTexturePool : public TexturePool {
+public:
+    TestableTexturePool(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine) : TexturePool(renderEngine) {}
+
+    size_t getMinPoolSize() const { return kMinPoolSize; }
+    size_t getMaxPoolSize() const { return kMaxPoolSize; }
+    size_t getPoolSize() const { return mPool.size(); }
+};
+
+struct TexturePoolTest : public testing::Test {
+    TexturePoolTest() {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+                ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+        mTexturePool.setDisplaySize(kDisplaySize);
+    }
+
+    ~TexturePoolTest() {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+                ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+    }
+
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
+    TestableTexturePool mTexturePool = TestableTexturePool(mRenderEngine);
+};
+
+TEST_F(TexturePoolTest, preallocatesMinPool) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMinPoolSize(), mTexturePool.getPoolSize());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TexturePoolTest, doesNotAllocateBeyondMinPool) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mTexturePool.getMinPoolSize() + 1; i++) {
+        auto texture = mTexturePool.borrowTexture();
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMinPoolSize(), mTexturePool.getPoolSize());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TexturePoolTest, cyclesUpToMaxPoolSize) {
+    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> bufferIds;
+    std::deque<std::shared_ptr<TexturePool::AutoTexture>> textures;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize(); i++) {
+        textures.emplace_back(mTexturePool.borrowTexture());
+        bufferIds.insert(textures.back()->get()->getBuffer()->getId());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize(), bufferIds.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        textures.pop_front();
+        textures.emplace_back(mTexturePool.borrowTexture());
+        bufferIds.insert(textures.back()->get()->getBuffer()->getId());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize(), bufferIds.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TexturePoolTest, goesPastMaxSizeAndRebounds) {
+    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> bufferIds;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TexturePool::AutoTexture>> textures;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize() + 2; i++) {
+        textures.emplace_back(mTexturePool.borrowTexture());
+        bufferIds.insert(textures.back()->get()->getBuffer()->getId());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize() + 2, bufferIds.size());
+
+    // Return the textures to the pool.
+    // Now when we cycle through the pool it's again bounded by max textures.
+    textures.clear();
+
+    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> newBufferIds;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 2 * mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize(); i++) {
+        auto texture = mTexturePool.borrowTexture();
+        newBufferIds.insert(texture->get()->getBuffer()->getId());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMaxPoolSize(), newBufferIds.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TexturePoolTest, reallocatesWhenDisplaySizeChanges) {
+    auto texture = mTexturePool.borrowTexture();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(kDisplaySize.getWidth(),
+              static_cast<int32_t>(texture->get()->getBuffer()->getWidth()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kDisplaySize.getHeight(),
+              static_cast<int32_t>(texture->get()->getBuffer()->getHeight()));
+    mTexturePool.setDisplaySize(kDisplaySizeTwo);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMinPoolSize(), mTexturePool.getPoolSize());
+    texture.reset();
+    // When the texture is returned to the pool, the pool now destroys it.
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTexturePool.getMinPoolSize(), mTexturePool.getPoolSize());
+
+    texture = mTexturePool.borrowTexture();
+    EXPECT_EQ(kDisplaySizeTwo.getWidth(),
+              static_cast<int32_t>(texture->get()->getBuffer()->getWidth()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kDisplaySizeTwo.getHeight(),
+              static_cast<int32_t>(texture->get()->getBuffer()->getHeight()));
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner