diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index c56567b..e7d2a11 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -3218,6 +3218,10 @@
     mFlinger->mTimeStats->setPostTime(layerId, mDrawingState.frameNumber, getName().c_str(),
                                       mOwnerUid, postTime, getGameMode());
 
+    if (mFlinger->mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        recordLayerHistoryBufferUpdate(getLayerProps(), systemTime());
+    }
+
     setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(info, postTime);
 
     if (dequeueTime && *dequeueTime != 0) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 526e63c..14dfdf5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -531,6 +531,8 @@
 
     mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled =
             base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.sf.enable_layer_lifecycle_manager"s, true);
+    mLegacyFrontEndEnabled = !mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled ||
+            base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.sf.enable_legacy_frontend"s, false);
 
     // These are set by the HWC implementation to indicate that they will use the workarounds.
     mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync =
@@ -2438,84 +2440,86 @@
     mustComposite |= mLayerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().get() != 0;
 
     bool newDataLatched = false;
-    ATRACE_NAME("DisplayCallbackAndStatsUpdates");
-    mustComposite |= applyTransactionsLocked(update.transactions, vsyncId);
-    traverseLegacyLayers([&](Layer* layer) { layer->commitTransaction(); });
-    const nsecs_t latchTime = systemTime();
-    bool unused = false;
+    if (!mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        ATRACE_NAME("DisplayCallbackAndStatsUpdates");
+        mustComposite |= applyTransactionsLocked(update.transactions, vsyncId);
+        traverseLegacyLayers([&](Layer* layer) { layer->commitTransaction(); });
+        const nsecs_t latchTime = systemTime();
+        bool unused = false;
 
-    for (auto& layer : mLayerLifecycleManager.getLayers()) {
-        if (layer->changes.test(frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created) &&
-            layer->bgColorLayer) {
-            sp<Layer> bgColorLayer = getFactory().createEffectLayer(
-                    LayerCreationArgs(this, nullptr, layer->name,
-                                      ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect, LayerMetadata(),
-                                      std::make_optional(layer->id), true));
-            mLegacyLayers[bgColorLayer->sequence] = bgColorLayer;
-        }
-        const bool willReleaseBufferOnLatch = layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch();
-
-        auto it = mLegacyLayers.find(layer->id);
-        if (it == mLegacyLayers.end() &&
-            layer->changes.test(frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes::Destroyed)) {
-            // Layer handle was created and immediately destroyed. It was destroyed before it
-            // was added to the map.
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        LLOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_WITH_TRACE_IF(it == mLegacyLayers.end(),
-                                        "Couldnt find layer object for %s",
-                                        layer->getDebugString().c_str());
-        if (!layer->hasReadyFrame() && !willReleaseBufferOnLatch) {
-            if (!it->second->hasBuffer()) {
-                // The last latch time is used to classify a missed frame as buffer stuffing
-                // instead of a missed frame. This is used to identify scenarios where we
-                // could not latch a buffer or apply a transaction due to backpressure.
-                // We only update the latch time for buffer less layers here, the latch time
-                // is updated for buffer layers when the buffer is latched.
-                it->second->updateLastLatchTime(latchTime);
+        for (auto& layer : mLayerLifecycleManager.getLayers()) {
+            if (layer->changes.test(frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created) &&
+                layer->bgColorLayer) {
+                sp<Layer> bgColorLayer = getFactory().createEffectLayer(
+                        LayerCreationArgs(this, nullptr, layer->name,
+                                          ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect, LayerMetadata(),
+                                          std::make_optional(layer->id), true));
+                mLegacyLayers[bgColorLayer->sequence] = bgColorLayer;
             }
-            continue;
+            const bool willReleaseBufferOnLatch = layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch();
+
+            auto it = mLegacyLayers.find(layer->id);
+            if (it == mLegacyLayers.end() &&
+                layer->changes.test(frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes::Destroyed)) {
+                // Layer handle was created and immediately destroyed. It was destroyed before it
+                // was added to the map.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            LLOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_WITH_TRACE_IF(it == mLegacyLayers.end(),
+                                            "Couldnt find layer object for %s",
+                                            layer->getDebugString().c_str());
+            if (!layer->hasReadyFrame() && !willReleaseBufferOnLatch) {
+                if (!it->second->hasBuffer()) {
+                    // The last latch time is used to classify a missed frame as buffer stuffing
+                    // instead of a missed frame. This is used to identify scenarios where we
+                    // could not latch a buffer or apply a transaction due to backpressure.
+                    // We only update the latch time for buffer less layers here, the latch time
+                    // is updated for buffer layers when the buffer is latched.
+                    it->second->updateLastLatchTime(latchTime);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const bool bgColorOnly =
+                    !layer->externalTexture && (layer->bgColorLayerId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
+            if (willReleaseBufferOnLatch) {
+                mLayersWithBuffersRemoved.emplace(it->second);
+            }
+            it->second->latchBufferImpl(unused, latchTime, bgColorOnly);
+            newDataLatched = true;
+
+            mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second);
+            mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second->sequence);
         }
 
-        const bool bgColorOnly =
-                !layer->externalTexture && (layer->bgColorLayerId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
-        if (willReleaseBufferOnLatch) {
-            mLayersWithBuffersRemoved.emplace(it->second);
+        updateLayerHistory(latchTime);
+        mLayerSnapshotBuilder.forEachVisibleSnapshot([&](const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+            if (mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.find(snapshot.path.id) ==
+                mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.end())
+                return;
+            Region visibleReg;
+            visibleReg.set(snapshot.transformedBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion);
+            invalidateLayerStack(snapshot.outputFilter, visibleReg);
+        });
+
+        for (auto& destroyedLayer : mLayerLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers()) {
+            mLegacyLayers.erase(destroyedLayer->id);
         }
-        it->second->latchBufferImpl(unused, latchTime, bgColorOnly);
-        newDataLatched = true;
 
-        mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second);
-        mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second->sequence);
+        {
+            ATRACE_NAME("LLM:commitChanges");
+            mLayerLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+        }
+
+        // enter boot animation on first buffer latch
+        if (CC_UNLIKELY(mBootStage == BootStage::BOOTLOADER && newDataLatched)) {
+            ALOGI("Enter boot animation");
+            mBootStage = BootStage::BOOTANIMATION;
+        }
     }
-
-    updateLayerHistory(latchTime);
-    mLayerSnapshotBuilder.forEachVisibleSnapshot([&](const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
-        if (mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.find(snapshot.path.id) == mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.end())
-            return;
-        Region visibleReg;
-        visibleReg.set(snapshot.transformedBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion);
-        invalidateLayerStack(snapshot.outputFilter, visibleReg);
-    });
-
-    for (auto& destroyedLayer : mLayerLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers()) {
-        mLegacyLayers.erase(destroyedLayer->id);
-    }
-
-    {
-        ATRACE_NAME("LLM:commitChanges");
-        mLayerLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    }
-
-    // enter boot animation on first buffer latch
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY(mBootStage == BootStage::BOOTLOADER && newDataLatched)) {
-        ALOGI("Enter boot animation");
-        mBootStage = BootStage::BOOTANIMATION;
-    }
-
     mustComposite |= (getTransactionFlags() & ~eTransactionFlushNeeded) || newDataLatched;
-    if (mustComposite) {
+    if (mustComposite && !mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
         commitTransactions();
     }
 
@@ -2617,7 +2621,12 @@
                                     mScheduler->getPacesetterRefreshRate());
 
         const bool flushTransactions = clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
-        bool transactionsAreEmpty = false;
+        bool transactionsAreEmpty;
+        if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+            mustComposite |=
+                    updateLayerSnapshotsLegacy(vsyncId, pacesetterFrameTarget.frameBeginTime().ns(),
+                                               flushTransactions, transactionsAreEmpty);
+        }
         if (mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
             mustComposite |=
                     updateLayerSnapshots(vsyncId, pacesetterFrameTarget.frameBeginTime().ns(),
@@ -5241,9 +5250,16 @@
     nsecs_t now = systemTime();
     uint32_t clientStateFlags = 0;
     for (auto& resolvedState : states) {
-        clientStateFlags |=
-                updateLayerCallbacksAndStats(frameTimelineInfo, resolvedState, desiredPresentTime,
-                                             isAutoTimestamp, postTime, transactionId);
+        if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+            clientStateFlags |=
+                    setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, resolvedState, desiredPresentTime,
+                                         isAutoTimestamp, postTime, transactionId);
+
+        } else /*mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled*/ {
+            clientStateFlags |= updateLayerCallbacksAndStats(frameTimelineInfo, resolvedState,
+                                                             desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
+                                                             postTime, transactionId);
+        }
         if (!mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
             if ((flags & eAnimation) && resolvedState.state.surface) {
                 if (const auto layer = LayerHandle::getLayer(resolvedState.state.surface)) {
@@ -5315,7 +5331,7 @@
     }
 
     mFrontEndDisplayInfosChanged = mTransactionFlags & eDisplayTransactionNeeded;
-    if (mFrontEndDisplayInfosChanged) {
+    if (mFrontEndDisplayInfosChanged && !mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
         processDisplayChangesLocked();
         mFrontEndDisplayInfos.clear();
         for (const auto& [_, display] : mDisplays) {
@@ -5958,6 +5974,11 @@
         return result;
     }
 
+    if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMirrorDisplayLock);
+        mMirrorDisplays.emplace_back(layerStack, outResult.handle, args.client);
+    }
+
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -6072,7 +6093,9 @@
     std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
     transactions.emplace_back(state);
 
-    {
+    if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        applyTransactions(transactions, VsyncId{0});
+    } else {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
         applyAndCommitDisplayTransactionStatesLocked(transactions);
     }
@@ -6624,6 +6647,17 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        perfetto::protos::LayersProto layersProto;
+        for (const sp<Layer>& layer : mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ) {
+            if (stackIdsToSkip.find(layer->getLayerStack().id) != stackIdsToSkip.end()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            layer->writeToProto(layersProto, traceFlags);
+        }
+        return layersProto;
+    }
+
     return LayerProtoFromSnapshotGenerator(mLayerSnapshotBuilder, mFrontEndDisplayInfos,
                                            mLegacyLayers, traceFlags)
             .generate(mLayerHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy());
@@ -6873,6 +6907,10 @@
     }
     result.push_back('\n');
 
+    if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        dumpHwcLayersMinidumpLockedLegacy(result);
+    }
+
     {
         DumpArgs plannerArgs;
         plannerArgs.add(); // first argument is ignored
@@ -9198,7 +9236,7 @@
             snapshots[i] = std::move(layerFE->mSnapshot);
         }
     }
-    if (!mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
+    if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled && !mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
         for (auto [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
             layer->updateLayerSnapshot(std::move(layerFE->mSnapshot));
         }
@@ -9235,7 +9273,7 @@
                     layers.emplace_back(legacyLayer.get(), layerFE.get());
                 });
     }
-    if (!mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
+    if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled && !mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
         auto moveSnapshots = [&layers, &refreshArgs, cursorOnly](Layer* layer) {
             if (const auto& layerFE = layer->getCompositionEngineLayerFE()) {
                 if (cursorOnly &&
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index e04bf17..44fa806 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -1486,6 +1486,7 @@
     bool mPowerHintSessionEnabled;
 
     bool mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled = false;
+    bool mLegacyFrontEndEnabled = true;
 
     frontend::LayerLifecycleManager mLayerLifecycleManager GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
     frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_ColorMatrixTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_ColorMatrixTest.cpp
index 5852b1c..f127213 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_ColorMatrixTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_ColorMatrixTest.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 class ColorMatrixTest : public CommitAndCompositeTest {};
 
 TEST_F(ColorMatrixTest, colorMatrixChanged) {
-    mFlinger.enableLayerLifecycleManager();
     EXPECT_COLOR_MATRIX_CHANGED(true, true);
     mFlinger.mutableTransactionFlags() |= eTransactionNeeded;
 
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(ColorMatrixTest, colorMatrixChangedAfterDisplayTransaction) {
-    mFlinger.enableLayerLifecycleManager();
     EXPECT_COLOR_MATRIX_CHANGED(true, true);
     mFlinger.mutableTransactionFlags() |= eTransactionNeeded;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index d40b2f8..85b1717 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -691,10 +691,6 @@
         return mFlinger->initTransactionTraceWriter();
     }
 
-    // Needed since mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled is false by default and must
-    // be enabled for tests to go through the new front end path.
-    void enableLayerLifecycleManager() { mFlinger->mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled = true; }
-
     void notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, Period vsyncPeriod,
                                          TimePoint expectedPresentTime, Fps frameInterval,
                                          std::optional<Period> timeoutOpt) {