diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 734cfa7..d94c649 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
     }
 
     // find anrd's pid if it is running.
-    pid = GetPidByName("/system/xbin/anrd");
+    pid = GetPidByName("/system/bin/anrd");
 
     if (pid > 0) {
         if (stat(trace_path, &st) == 0) {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index a9383eb..a19ce09 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -740,6 +740,7 @@
 static void run_profman(const std::vector<unique_fd>& profile_fds,
                         const unique_fd& reference_profile_fd,
                         const std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>* dex_locations,
                         bool copy_and_update) {
     const char* profman_bin = is_debug_runtime() ? "/system/bin/profmand" : "/system/bin/profman";
 
@@ -762,6 +763,13 @@
         }
     }
 
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_location_args;
+    if (dex_locations != nullptr) {
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < dex_locations->size(); k++) {
+            dex_location_args.push_back("--dex-location=" + (*dex_locations)[k]);
+        }
+    }
+
     // program name, reference profile fd, the final NULL and the profile fds
     const char* argv[3 + profile_args.size() + apk_args.size() + (copy_and_update ? 1 : 0)];
     int i = 0;
@@ -773,9 +781,13 @@
     for (size_t k = 0; k < apk_args.size(); k++) {
         argv[i++] = apk_args[k].c_str();
     }
+    for (size_t k = 0; k < dex_location_args.size(); k++) {
+        argv[i++] = dex_location_args[k].c_str();
+    }
     if (copy_and_update) {
         argv[i++] = "--copy-and-update-profile-key";
     }
+
     // Do not add after dex2oat_flags, they should override others for debugging.
     argv[i] = NULL;
 
@@ -787,20 +799,26 @@
 [[ noreturn ]]
 static void run_profman_merge(const std::vector<unique_fd>& profiles_fd,
                               const unique_fd& reference_profile_fd,
-                              const std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds = nullptr) {
-    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, apk_fds, /*copy_and_update*/false);
+                              const std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds = nullptr,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>* dex_locations = nullptr) {
+    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, apk_fds, dex_locations,
+            /*copy_and_update*/false);
 }
 
 [[ noreturn ]]
 static void run_profman_copy_and_update(unique_fd&& profile_fd,
                                         unique_fd&& reference_profile_fd,
-                                        unique_fd&& apk_fd) {
+                                        unique_fd&& apk_fd,
+                                        const std::string& dex_location) {
     std::vector<unique_fd> profiles_fd;
     profiles_fd.push_back(std::move(profile_fd));
     std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
     apk_fds.push_back(std::move(apk_fd));
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
+    dex_locations.push_back(dex_location);
 
-    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, &apk_fds, /*copy_and_update*/true);
+    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, &apk_fds, &dex_locations,
+            /*copy_and_update*/true);
 }
 
 // Decides if profile guided compilation is needed or not based on existing profiles.
@@ -2598,7 +2616,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool open_classpath_files(const std::string& classpath, std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds) {
+bool open_classpath_files(const std::string& classpath, std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds,
+        std::vector<std::string>* dex_locations) {
     std::vector<std::string> classpaths_elems = base::Split(classpath, ":");
     for (const std::string& elem : classpaths_elems) {
         unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(elem.c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
@@ -2607,6 +2626,7 @@
             return false;
         } else {
             apk_fds->push_back(std::move(fd));
+            dex_locations->push_back(elem);
         }
     }
     return true;
@@ -2636,7 +2656,8 @@
     // Open the class paths elements. These will be used to filter out profile data that does
     // not belong to the classpath during merge.
     std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
-    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds)) {
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
+    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds, &dex_locations)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2644,7 +2665,7 @@
     if (pid == 0) {
         /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
         drop_capabilities(app_shared_gid);
-        run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds);
+        run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds, &dex_locations);
     }
 
     /* parent */
@@ -2694,7 +2715,8 @@
     // Open the classpath elements. These will be used to filter out profile data that does
     // not belong to the classpath during merge.
     std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
-    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds)) {
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
+    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds, &dex_locations)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2721,7 +2743,9 @@
             /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
             drop_capabilities(AID_SYSTEM);
 
-            run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds);
+            // The introduction of new access flags into boot jars causes them to
+            // fail dex file verification.
+            run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds, &dex_locations);
         }
 
         /* parent */
@@ -2784,7 +2808,8 @@
         // The copy and update takes ownership over the fds.
         run_profman_copy_and_update(std::move(dex_metadata_fd),
                                     std::move(ref_profile_fd),
-                                    std::move(apk_fd));
+                                    std::move(apk_fd),
+                                    code_path);
     }
 
     /* parent */
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
index 29ef648..4249165 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
+++ b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@
 #include <getopt.h>
 
 #include <fstream>
+#include <functional>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <map>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <regex>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
@@ -101,21 +102,19 @@
 
 // Give sensible defaults when nothing can be inferred from runtime.
 // process: Partition inferred from executable location or cmdline.
-Partition ListCommand::resolvePartition(Partition process, const FQName& fqName) const {
-    if (fqName.inPackage("vendor") ||
-        fqName.inPackage("com")) {
+Partition ListCommand::resolvePartition(Partition process, const FqInstance& fqInstance) const {
+    if (fqInstance.inPackage("vendor") || fqInstance.inPackage("com")) {
         return Partition::VENDOR;
     }
 
-    if (fqName.inPackage("android.frameworks") ||
-        fqName.inPackage("android.system") ||
-        fqName.inPackage("android.hidl")) {
+    if (fqInstance.inPackage("android.frameworks") || fqInstance.inPackage("android.system") ||
+        fqInstance.inPackage("android.hidl")) {
         return Partition::SYSTEM;
     }
 
     // Some android.hardware HALs are served from system. Check the value from executable
     // location / cmdline first.
-    if (fqName.inPackage("android.hardware")) {
+    if (fqInstance.inPackage("android.hardware")) {
         if (process != Partition::UNKNOWN) {
             return process;
         }
@@ -284,138 +283,138 @@
             "These may return subclasses through their respective HIDL_FETCH_I* functions.");
 }
 
-static inline bool findAndBumpVersion(vintf::ManifestHal* hal, const vintf::Version& version) {
-    for (vintf::Version& v : hal->versions) {
-        if (v.majorVer == version.majorVer) {
-            v.minorVer = std::max(v.minorVer, version.minorVer);
-            return true;
-        }
+bool ListCommand::addEntryWithInstance(const TableEntry& entry,
+                                       vintf::HalManifest* manifest) const {
+    FqInstance fqInstance;
+    if (!fqInstance.setTo(entry.interfaceName)) {
+        err() << "Warning: '" << entry.interfaceName << "' is not a valid FqInstance." << std::endl;
+        return false;
     }
-    return false;
+
+    if (fqInstance.getPackage() == gIBaseFqName.package()) {
+        return true; // always remove IBase from manifest
+    }
+
+    Partition partition = resolvePartition(entry.partition, fqInstance);
+
+    if (partition == Partition::UNKNOWN) {
+        err() << "Warning: Cannot guess the partition of FqInstance " << fqInstance.string()
+              << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (partition != mVintfPartition) {
+        return true; // strip out instances that is in a different partition.
+    }
+
+    vintf::Transport transport;
+    vintf::Arch arch;
+    if (entry.transport == "hwbinder") {
+        transport = vintf::Transport::HWBINDER;
+        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_EMPTY;
+    } else if (entry.transport == "passthrough") {
+        transport = vintf::Transport::PASSTHROUGH;
+        switch (entry.arch) {
+            case lshal::ARCH32:
+                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32;
+                break;
+            case lshal::ARCH64:
+                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_64;
+                break;
+            case lshal::ARCH_BOTH:
+                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32_64;
+                break;
+            case lshal::ARCH_UNKNOWN: // fallthrough
+            default:
+                err() << "Warning: '" << entry.interfaceName << "' doesn't have bitness info.";
+                return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        err() << "Warning: '" << entry.transport << "' is not a valid transport." << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string e;
+    if (!manifest->insertInstance(fqInstance, transport, arch, vintf::HalFormat::HIDL, &e)) {
+        err() << "Warning: Cannot insert '" << fqInstance.string() << ": " << e << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ListCommand::addEntryWithoutInstance(const TableEntry& entry,
+                                          const vintf::HalManifest* manifest) const {
+    const auto& packageAndVersion = splitFirst(splitFirst(entry.interfaceName, ':').first, '@');
+    const auto& package = packageAndVersion.first;
+    vintf::Version version;
+    if (!vintf::parse(packageAndVersion.second, &version)) {
+        err() << "Warning: Cannot parse version '" << packageAndVersion.second << "' for entry '"
+              << entry.interfaceName << "'" << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool found = false;
+    (void)manifest->forEachInstanceOfVersion(package, version, [&found](const auto&) {
+        found = true;
+        return false; // break
+    });
+    return found;
 }
 
 void ListCommand::dumpVintf(const NullableOStream<std::ostream>& out) const {
     using vintf::operator|=;
     using vintf::operator<<;
+    using namespace std::placeholders;
 
     vintf::HalManifest manifest;
     manifest.setType(toSchemaType(mVintfPartition));
-    forEachTable([this, &manifest] (const Table &table) {
-        for (const TableEntry &entry : table) {
 
-            std::string fqInstanceName = entry.interfaceName;
+    std::vector<std::string> error;
+    for (const TableEntry& entry : mServicesTable)
+        if (!addEntryWithInstance(entry, &manifest)) error.push_back(entry.interfaceName);
+    for (const TableEntry& entry : mPassthroughRefTable)
+        if (!addEntryWithInstance(entry, &manifest)) error.push_back(entry.interfaceName);
 
-            if (&table == &mImplementationsTable) {
-                // Quick hack to work around *'s
-                replaceAll(&fqInstanceName, '*', 'D');
-            }
-            auto splitFqInstanceName = splitFirst(fqInstanceName, '/');
-            FQName fqName;
-            if (!FQName::parse(splitFqInstanceName.first, &fqName)) {
-                err() << "Warning: '" << splitFqInstanceName.first
-                     << "' is not a valid FQName." << std::endl;
-                continue;
-            }
+    std::vector<std::string> passthrough;
+    for (const TableEntry& entry : mImplementationsTable)
+        if (!addEntryWithoutInstance(entry, &manifest)) passthrough.push_back(entry.interfaceName);
 
-            if (fqName.package() == gIBaseFqName.package()) {
-                continue; // always remove IBase from manifest
-            }
-
-            Partition partition = resolvePartition(entry.partition, fqName);
-
-            if (partition == Partition::UNKNOWN) {
-                err() << "Warning: Cannot guess the partition of instance " << fqInstanceName
-                      << ". It is removed from the generated manifest." << std::endl;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (partition != mVintfPartition) {
-                continue; // strip out instances that is in a different partition.
-            }
-
-            std::string interfaceName =
-                    &table == &mImplementationsTable ? "" : fqName.name();
-            std::string instanceName =
-                    &table == &mImplementationsTable ? "" : splitFqInstanceName.second;
-
-            vintf::Version version{fqName.getPackageMajorVersion(),
-                                   fqName.getPackageMinorVersion()};
-            vintf::Transport transport;
-            vintf::Arch arch;
-            if (entry.transport == "hwbinder") {
-                transport = vintf::Transport::HWBINDER;
-                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_EMPTY;
-            } else if (entry.transport == "passthrough") {
-                transport = vintf::Transport::PASSTHROUGH;
-                switch (entry.arch) {
-                    case lshal::ARCH32:
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32;    break;
-                    case lshal::ARCH64:
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_64;    break;
-                    case lshal::ARCH_BOTH:
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32_64; break;
-                    case lshal::ARCH_UNKNOWN: // fallthrough
-                    default:
-                        err() << "Warning: '" << fqName.package()
-                             << "' doesn't have bitness info, assuming 32+64." << std::endl;
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32_64;
-                }
-            } else {
-                err() << "Warning: '" << entry.transport << "' is not a valid transport." << std::endl;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            bool done = false;
-            for (vintf::ManifestHal *hal : manifest.getHals(fqName.package())) {
-                if (hal->transport() != transport) {
-                    if (transport != vintf::Transport::PASSTHROUGH) {
-                        err() << "Fatal: should not reach here. Generated result may be wrong for '"
-                             << hal->name << "'."
-                             << std::endl;
-                    }
-                    done = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-                if (findAndBumpVersion(hal, version)) {
-                    if (&table != &mImplementationsTable) {
-                        hal->insertLegacyInstance(interfaceName, instanceName);
-                    }
-                    hal->transportArch.arch |= arch;
-                    done = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (done) {
-                continue; // to next TableEntry
-            }
-            vintf::ManifestHal manifestHal{
-                    vintf::HalFormat::HIDL,
-                    std::string{fqName.package()},
-                    {version},
-                    {transport, arch},
-                    {}};
-            if (&table != &mImplementationsTable) {
-                manifestHal.insertLegacyInstance(interfaceName, instanceName);
-            }
-            if (!manifest.add(std::move(manifestHal))) {
-                err() << "Warning: cannot add hal '" << fqInstanceName << "'" << std::endl;
-            }
-        }
-    });
     out << "<!-- " << std::endl
-         << "    This is a skeleton " << manifest.type() << " manifest. Notes: " << std::endl
-         << INIT_VINTF_NOTES
-         << "-->" << std::endl;
-    out << vintf::gHalManifestConverter(manifest, vintf::SerializeFlag::HALS_NO_FQNAME);
+        << "    This is a skeleton " << manifest.type() << " manifest. Notes: " << std::endl
+        << INIT_VINTF_NOTES;
+    if (!error.empty()) {
+        out << std::endl << "    The following HALs are not added; see warnings." << std::endl;
+        for (const auto& e : error) {
+            out << "        " << e << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!passthrough.empty()) {
+        out << std::endl
+            << "    The following HALs are passthrough and no interface or instance " << std::endl
+            << "    names can be inferred." << std::endl;
+        for (const auto& e : passthrough) {
+            out << "        " << e << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+    out << "-->" << std::endl;
+    out << vintf::gHalManifestConverter(manifest, vintf::SerializeFlag::HALS_ONLY);
 }
 
 std::string ListCommand::INIT_VINTF_NOTES{
-    "    1. If a HAL is supported in both hwbinder and passthrough transport, \n"
+    "    1. If a HAL is supported in both hwbinder and passthrough transport,\n"
     "       only hwbinder is shown.\n"
     "    2. It is likely that HALs in passthrough transport does not have\n"
     "       <interface> declared; users will have to write them by hand.\n"
     "    3. A HAL with lower minor version can be overridden by a HAL with\n"
     "       higher minor version if they have the same name and major version.\n"
+    "    4. This output is intended for launch devices.\n"
+    "       Upgrading devices should not use this tool to generate device\n"
+    "       manifest and replace the existing manifest directly, but should\n"
+    "       edit the existing manifest manually.\n"
+    "       Specifically, devices which launched at Android O-MR1 or earlier\n"
+    "       should not use the 'fqname' format for required HAL entries and\n"
+    "       should instead use the legacy package, name, instance-name format\n"
+    "       until they are updated.\n"
 };
 
 static Architecture fromBaseArchitecture(::android::hidl::base::V1_0::DebugInfo::Architecture a) {
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h
index 1e85ea0..88faac1 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h
+++ b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <hidl-util/FQName.h>
+#include <hidl-util/FqInstance.h>
+#include <vintf/HalManifest.h>
 
 #include "Command.h"
 #include "NullableOStream.h"
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@
     void removeDeadProcesses(Pids *pids);
 
     virtual Partition getPartition(pid_t pid);
-    Partition resolvePartition(Partition processPartition, const FQName& fqName) const;
+    Partition resolvePartition(Partition processPartition, const FqInstance &fqInstance) const;
 
     void forEachTable(const std::function<void(Table &)> &f);
     void forEachTable(const std::function<void(const Table &)> &f) const;
@@ -123,6 +124,10 @@
 
     void registerAllOptions();
 
+    // helper functions to dumpVintf.
+    bool addEntryWithInstance(const TableEntry &entry, vintf::HalManifest *manifest) const;
+    bool addEntryWithoutInstance(const TableEntry &entry, const vintf::HalManifest *manifest) const;
+
     Table mServicesTable{};
     Table mPassthroughRefTable{};
     Table mImplementationsTable{};
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/test.cpp b/cmds/lshal/test.cpp
index 4fa941e..f23095e 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/lshal/test.cpp
@@ -418,62 +418,35 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(ListTest, DumpVintf) {
-    const std::string expected =
-        "<!-- \n"
-        "    This is a skeleton device manifest. Notes: \n" + ListCommand::INIT_VINTF_NOTES +
-        "-->\n"
-        "<manifest version=\"1.0\" type=\"device\">\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo1</name>\n"
-        "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>1.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>1</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo2</name>\n"
-        "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>2.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>2</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo3</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>3.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>3</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo4</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>4.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>4</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo5</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>5.0</version>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo6</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>6.0</version>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "</manifest>\n";
+    const std::string expected = "<manifest version=\"1.0\" type=\"device\">\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo1</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@1.0::IFoo/1</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo2</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@2.0::IFoo/2</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo3</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@3.0::IFoo/3</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo4</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@4.0::IFoo/4</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "</manifest>";
 
     optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
     EXPECT_EQ(0u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "--init-vintf"})));
-    EXPECT_EQ(expected, out.str());
+    auto output = out.str();
+    EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr(expected));
+    EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr("a.h.foo5@5.0::IFoo/5"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr("a.h.foo6@6.0::IFoo/6"));
     EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
 
     vintf::HalManifest m;
diff --git a/cmds/rawbu/Android.bp b/cmds/rawbu/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..363ffc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/rawbu/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "rawbu",
+
+    srcs: ["backup.cpp"],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: ["libcutils"],
+}
diff --git a/cmds/rawbu/Android.mk b/cmds/rawbu/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 9322151..0000000
--- a/cmds/rawbu/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2009 The Android Open Source Project
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= backup.cpp
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= rawbu
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
index a2287e1..a13160f 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
@@ -62,11 +62,9 @@
 }
 
 cc_test {
-    tags: ["optional"],
     srcs: ["bufferhub_tests.cpp"],
     static_libs: ["libbufferhub"] + staticLibraries,
     shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
     header_libs: headerLibraries,
     name: "bufferhub_tests",
 }
-
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
index d8a9b90..29e4ffe 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
         "-Wno-error=sign-compare", // to fix later
     ],
     name: "buffer_hub_queue-test",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -54,5 +53,4 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     name: "buffer_hub_queue_producer-test",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
index 8213ca2..aa9f288 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 ]
 
 cc_library {
-    tags: ["tests"],
     srcs: sourceFiles,
     cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"libdisplay\"",
         "-DTRACE=0",
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp
index c7d808b..8e63d24 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libdvrcommon_test",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 
     srcs: testFiles,
     cflags: [
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
index 94f3f25..f4a9b99 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,5 @@
         "libtrace_proto",
         "libgmock"
     ],
-    tags: ["tests"],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"]
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
index 513fcc1..bb16c09 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     name: "libvirtualtouchpad",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
 
 // Touchpad unit tests.
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@
     ],
     name: "VirtualTouchpad_test",
     stl: "libc++_static",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
 
 // Service.
@@ -96,7 +94,6 @@
     ],
     host_ldlibs: ["-llog"],
     name: "virtual_touchpad",
-    tags: ["optional"],
     init_rc: ["virtual_touchpad.rc"],
     compile_multilib: "64",
     stl: "libc++_static",
@@ -129,6 +126,5 @@
     ],
     host_ldlibs: ["-llog"],
     name: "libvirtualtouchpadclient",
-    tags: ["optional"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }