diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
index e2a2927..073d0c4 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
@@ -250,12 +250,18 @@
 
 // we could have tighter checks, but this is only to avoid hard errors. Negative values are defined
 // in UserHandle.java and carry specific meanings that may not be handled by certain APIs here.
-#define ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId)                                     \
-    {                                                                  \
-        if (static_cast<uid_t>(std::abs(userId)) >=                    \
-            std::numeric_limits<uid_t>::max() / AID_USER_OFFSET) {     \
-            return error("userId invalid: " + std::to_string(userId)); \
-        }                                                              \
+#define ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId)                                                               \
+    {                                                                                            \
+        if (static_cast<uid_t>(userId) >= std::numeric_limits<uid_t>::max() / AID_USER_OFFSET) { \
+            return error("userId invalid: " + std::to_string(userId));                           \
+        }                                                                                        \
+    }
+
+#define ENFORCE_VALID_USER_OR_NULL(userId)             \
+    {                                                  \
+        if (static_cast<uid_t>(userId) != USER_NULL) { \
+            ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);                \
+        }                                              \
     }
 
 #define CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid) {                         \
@@ -751,7 +757,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createAppDataLocked(
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t flags, int32_t appId, int32_t previousAppId, const std::string& seInfo,
-        int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
+        int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* ceDataInode, int64_t* deDataInode) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -761,7 +767,8 @@
     const char* pkgname = packageName.c_str();
 
     // Assume invalid inode unless filled in below
-    if (_aidl_return != nullptr) *_aidl_return = -1;
+    if (ceDataInode != nullptr) *ceDataInode = -1;
+    if (deDataInode != nullptr) *deDataInode = -1;
 
     int32_t uid = multiuser_get_uid(userId, appId);
 
@@ -799,12 +806,12 @@
 
         // And return the CE inode of the top-level data directory so we can
         // clear contents while CE storage is locked
-        if (_aidl_return != nullptr) {
+        if (ceDataInode != nullptr) {
             ino_t result;
             if (get_path_inode(path, &result) != 0) {
                 return error("Failed to get_path_inode for " + path);
             }
-            *_aidl_return = static_cast<uint64_t>(result);
+            *ceDataInode = static_cast<uint64_t>(result);
         }
     }
     if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_DE) {
@@ -823,6 +830,14 @@
         if (!prepare_app_profile_dir(packageName, appId, userId)) {
             return error("Failed to prepare profiles for " + packageName);
         }
+
+        if (deDataInode != nullptr) {
+            ino_t result;
+            if (get_path_inode(path, &result) != 0) {
+                return error("Failed to get_path_inode for " + path);
+            }
+            *deDataInode = static_cast<uint64_t>(result);
+        }
     }
 
     if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_SDK) {
@@ -886,14 +901,14 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createAppData(
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t flags, int32_t appId, int32_t previousAppId, const std::string& seInfo,
-        int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
+        int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* ceDataInode, int64_t* deDataInode) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
     return createAppDataLocked(uuid, packageName, userId, flags, appId, previousAppId, seInfo,
-                               targetSdkVersion, _aidl_return);
+                               targetSdkVersion, ceDataInode, deDataInode);
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createAppData(
@@ -904,9 +919,12 @@
     // Locking is performed depeer in the callstack.
 
     int64_t ceDataInode = -1;
+    int64_t deDataInode = -1;
     auto status = createAppData(args.uuid, args.packageName, args.userId, args.flags, args.appId,
-            args.previousAppId, args.seInfo, args.targetSdkVersion, &ceDataInode);
+                                args.previousAppId, args.seInfo, args.targetSdkVersion,
+                                &ceDataInode, &deDataInode);
     _aidl_return->ceDataInode = ceDataInode;
+    _aidl_return->deDataInode = deDataInode;
     _aidl_return->exceptionCode = status.exceptionCode();
     _aidl_return->exceptionMessage = status.exceptionMessage();
     return ok();
@@ -1833,7 +1851,8 @@
         }
 
         if (!createAppDataLocked(toUuid, packageName, userId, FLAG_STORAGE_CE | FLAG_STORAGE_DE,
-                                 appId, /* previousAppId */ -1, seInfo, targetSdkVersion, nullptr)
+                                 appId, /* previousAppId */ -1, seInfo, targetSdkVersion, nullptr,
+                                 nullptr)
                      .isOk()) {
             res = error("Failed to create package target");
             goto fail;
@@ -3841,7 +3860,7 @@
         int32_t userId, int32_t appId, const std::string& profileName, const std::string& codePath,
         const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadata, bool* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
-    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER_OR_NULL(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(codePath);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
index 0f28234..1ec092d 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@
     binder::Status createAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
                                  const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags,
                                  int32_t appId, int32_t previousAppId, const std::string& seInfo,
-                                 int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return);
+                                 int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* ceDataInode,
+                                 int64_t* deDataInode);
 
     binder::Status createAppData(
             const android::os::CreateAppDataArgs& args,
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@
                                        const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
                                        int32_t flags, int32_t appId, int32_t previousAppId,
                                        const std::string& seInfo, int32_t targetSdkVersion,
-                                       int64_t* _aidl_return);
+                                       int64_t* ceDataInode, int64_t* deDataInode);
     binder::Status restoreconAppDataLocked(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
                                            const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
                                            int32_t flags, int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo);
diff --git a/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/CreateAppDataResult.aidl b/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/CreateAppDataResult.aidl
index 3b8fa6b..463489e 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/CreateAppDataResult.aidl
+++ b/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/CreateAppDataResult.aidl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 /** {@hide} */
 parcelable CreateAppDataResult {
     long ceDataInode;
+    long deDataInode;
     int exceptionCode;
     @utf8InCpp String exceptionMessage;
 }
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
index c4071c6..ee91d80 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@
     std::string app_oat_dir_;
 
     int64_t ce_data_inode_;
+    int64_t de_data_inode_;
 
     std::string secondary_dex_ce_;
     std::string secondary_dex_ce_link_;
@@ -261,16 +262,10 @@
         }
 
         // Create the app user data.
-        binder::Status status = service_->createAppData(
-                volume_uuid_,
-                package_name_,
-                kTestUserId,
-                kAppDataFlags,
-                kTestAppUid,
-                0 /* previousAppId */,
-                se_info_,
-                kOSdkVersion,
-                &ce_data_inode_);
+        binder::Status status =
+                service_->createAppData(volume_uuid_, package_name_, kTestUserId, kAppDataFlags,
+                                        kTestAppUid, 0 /* previousAppId */, se_info_, kOSdkVersion,
+                                        &ce_data_inode_, &de_data_inode_);
         if (!status.isOk()) {
             return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Could not create app data: "
                                                  << status.toString8().c_str();
@@ -1350,16 +1345,10 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(0, chmod(ref_profile_dir.c_str(), 0700));
 
     // Run createAppData again which will offer to fix-up the profile directories.
-    ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->createAppData(
-            volume_uuid_,
-            package_name_,
-            kTestUserId,
-            kAppDataFlags,
-            kTestAppUid,
-            0 /* previousAppId */,
-            se_info_,
-            kOSdkVersion,
-            &ce_data_inode_));
+    ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->createAppData(volume_uuid_, package_name_, kTestUserId,
+                                                  kAppDataFlags, kTestAppUid, 0 /* previousAppId */,
+                                                  se_info_, kOSdkVersion, &ce_data_inode_,
+                                                  &de_data_inode_));
 
     // Check the file access.
     CheckFileAccess(cur_profile_dir, kTestAppUid, kTestAppUid, 0700 | S_IFDIR);
@@ -1492,18 +1481,13 @@
     void createAppProfilesForBootMerge(size_t number_of_profiles) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < number_of_profiles; i++) {
             int64_t ce_data_inode;
+            int64_t de_data_inode;
             std::string package_name = "dummy_test_pkg" + std::to_string(i);
             LOG(INFO) << package_name;
-            ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->createAppData(
-                    volume_uuid_,
-                    package_name,
-                    kTestUserId,
-                    kAppDataFlags,
-                    kTestAppUid,
-                    0 /* previousAppId */,
-                    se_info_,
-                    kOSdkVersion,
-                    &ce_data_inode));
+            ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(
+                    service_->createAppData(volume_uuid_, package_name, kTestUserId, kAppDataFlags,
+                                            kTestAppUid, 0 /* previousAppId */, se_info_,
+                                            kOSdkVersion, &ce_data_inode, &de_data_inode));
             extra_apps_.push_back(package_name);
             extra_ce_data_inodes_.push_back(ce_data_inode);
             std::string profile = create_current_profile_path(
diff --git a/include/input/PrintTools.h b/include/input/PrintTools.h
index 0e3fbb1..63c0e40 100644
--- a/include/input/PrintTools.h
+++ b/include/input/PrintTools.h
@@ -75,11 +75,12 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Convert a map to string. Both keys and values of the map should be integral type.
+ * Convert a map or multimap to string. Both keys and values of the map should be integral type.
  */
-template <typename K, typename V>
-std::string dumpMap(const std::map<K, V>& map, std::string (*keyToString)(const K&) = constToString,
-                    std::string (*valueToString)(const V&) = constToString) {
+template <typename T>
+std::string dumpMap(const T& map,
+                    std::string (*keyToString)(const typename T::key_type&) = constToString,
+                    std::string (*valueToString)(const typename T::mapped_type&) = constToString) {
     std::string out;
     for (const auto& [k, v] : map) {
         if (!out.empty()) {
@@ -104,15 +105,13 @@
     return out.empty() ? "{}" : (out + "}");
 }
 
-/**
- * Convert a vector to a string. The values of the vector should be of a type supported by
- * constToString.
- */
+/** Convert a vector to a string. */
 template <typename T>
-std::string dumpVector(std::vector<T> values) {
-    std::string dump = constToString(values[0]);
+std::string dumpVector(const std::vector<T>& values,
+                       std::string (*valueToString)(const T&) = constToString) {
+    std::string dump = valueToString(values[0]);
     for (size_t i = 1; i < values.size(); i++) {
-        dump += ", " + constToString(values[i]);
+        dump += ", " + valueToString(values[i]);
     }
     return dump;
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/src/lib.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/src/lib.rs
index 1bbd674..896b78f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/src/lib.rs
@@ -35,10 +35,26 @@
 
 /// This API automatically fuzzes provided service
 pub fn fuzz_service(binder: &mut SpIBinder, fuzzer_data: &[u8]) {
-    let ptr = binder.as_native_mut() as *mut c_void;
+    let mut binders = [binder];
+    fuzz_multiple_services(&mut binders, fuzzer_data);
+}
+
+/// This API automatically fuzzes provided services
+pub fn fuzz_multiple_services(binders: &mut [&mut SpIBinder], fuzzer_data: &[u8]) {
+    let mut cppBinders = vec![];
+    for binder in binders.iter_mut() {
+        let ptr = binder.as_native_mut() as *mut c_void;
+        cppBinders.push(ptr);
+    }
+
     unsafe {
-        // Safety: `SpIBinder::as_native_mut` and `slice::as_ptr` always
+        // Safety: `Vec::as_mut_ptr` and `slice::as_ptr` always
         // return valid pointers.
-        fuzzRustService(ptr, fuzzer_data.as_ptr(), fuzzer_data.len());
+        fuzzRustService(
+            cppBinders.as_mut_ptr(),
+            cppBinders.len(),
+            fuzzer_data.as_ptr(),
+            fuzzer_data.len(),
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/wrappers/RandomParcelWrapper.hpp b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/wrappers/RandomParcelWrapper.hpp
index 831bd56..cfdd2ab 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/wrappers/RandomParcelWrapper.hpp
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/wrappers/RandomParcelWrapper.hpp
@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@
     void createRandomParcel(void* aParcel, const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
 
     // This API is used by fuzzers to automatically fuzz aidl services
-    void fuzzRustService(void* binder, const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    void fuzzRustService(void** binders, size_t numBinders, const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
index 93ac116..38e6f32 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@
     while (provider.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
         // Most of the AIDL services will have small set of transaction codes.
         // TODO(b/295942369) : Add remaining transact codes from IBinder.h
-        uint32_t code = provider.ConsumeBool()
-                ? provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()
-                : provider.PickValueInArray<int64_t>(
-                          {provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint32_t>(0, 100),
-                           IBinder::DUMP_TRANSACTION, IBinder::PING_TRANSACTION,
+        uint32_t code = provider.ConsumeBool() ? provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()
+                : provider.ConsumeBool()
+                ? provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint32_t>(0, 100)
+                : provider.PickValueInArray<uint32_t>(
+                          {IBinder::DUMP_TRANSACTION, IBinder::PING_TRANSACTION,
                            IBinder::SHELL_COMMAND_TRANSACTION, IBinder::INTERFACE_TRANSACTION,
                            IBinder::SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION, IBinder::EXTENSION_TRANSACTION,
                            IBinder::TWEET_TRANSACTION, IBinder::LIKE_TRANSACTION});
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_ndk_driver.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_ndk_driver.cpp
index 0b0ca34..84b9ff6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_ndk_driver.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_ndk_driver.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 // and APEX users, but we need access to it to fuzz.
 #include "../../ndk/ibinder_internal.h"
 
+using android::IBinder;
+using android::sp;
+
 namespace android {
 
 void fuzzService(const std::vector<ndk::SpAIBinder>& binders, FuzzedDataProvider&& provider) {
@@ -41,9 +44,14 @@
 
 extern "C" {
 // This API is used by fuzzers to automatically fuzz aidl services
-void fuzzRustService(void* binder, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
-    AIBinder* aiBinder = static_cast<AIBinder*>(binder);
+void fuzzRustService(void** binders, size_t numBinders, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    std::vector<sp<IBinder>> cppBinders;
+    for (size_t binderIndex = 0; binderIndex < numBinders; ++binderIndex) {
+        AIBinder* aiBinder = static_cast<AIBinder*>(binders[binderIndex]);
+        cppBinders.push_back(aiBinder->getBinder());
+    }
+
     FuzzedDataProvider provider(data, len);
-    android::fuzzService(aiBinder, std::move(provider));
+    android::fuzzService(cppBinders, std::move(provider));
 }
 } // extern "C"
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/Android.bp
index 96092b1..690c39a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
         triage_assignee: "waghpawan@google.com",
 
         // This fuzzer should be used only test fuzzService locally
-        fuzz_on_haiku_host: true,
-        fuzz_on_haiku_device: true,
+        fuzz_on_haiku_host: false,
+        fuzz_on_haiku_device: false,
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh
index c447bff..5d68fe1 100755
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 for CRASH_TYPE in PLAIN KNOWN_UID AID_SYSTEM AID_ROOT BINDER DUMP SHELL_CMD; do
     echo "INFO: Running fuzzer : test_service_fuzzer_should_crash $CRASH_TYPE"
 
-    ./test_service_fuzzer_should_crash "$CRASH_TYPE" -max_total_time=30 &>"$FUZZER_OUT"
+    ./test_service_fuzzer_should_crash "$CRASH_TYPE" -max_total_time=60 &>"$FUZZER_OUT"
 
     echo "INFO: Searching fuzzer output for expected crashes"
     if grep -q "Expected crash, $CRASH_TYPE." "$FUZZER_OUT"
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp
index 943fb9f..33a653e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
     if (transaction.has_value()) {
         std::FILE* intermediateFile = std::tmpfile();
-        android::base::unique_fd fdForWriting(fileno(intermediateFile));
+        android::base::unique_fd fdForWriting(dup(fileno(intermediateFile)));
         auto writeStatus ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED = transaction.value().dumpToFile(fdForWriting);
 
         std::fclose(intermediateFile);
diff --git a/libs/gui/Android.bp b/libs/gui/Android.bp
index 298838d..2ea4d16 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/Android.bp
@@ -192,6 +192,18 @@
     },
 }
 
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "libgui_flags",
+    package: "com.android.graphics.libgui.flags",
+    srcs: ["libgui_flags.aconfig"],
+}
+
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "libguiflags",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    aconfig_declarations: "libgui_flags",
+}
+
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libgui",
     vendor_available: true,
@@ -206,6 +218,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libgui_aidl_static",
         "libgui_window_info_static",
+        "libguiflags",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "libgui_aidl_static",
diff --git a/libs/gui/libgui_flags.aconfig b/libs/gui/libgui_flags.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a16be78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/libgui_flags.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package: "com.android.graphics.libgui.flags"
+
+flag {
+  name: "bq_setframerate"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "This flag controls plumbing setFrameRate thru BufferQueue"
+  bug: "281695725"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
+
diff --git a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
index b5a5e72..c8d1da7 100644
--- a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@
     int64_t predictionTime = mBuffers->lastTimestamp();
     const int64_t futureTime = timestamp + mPredictionTimestampOffsetNanos;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < predictedR.size() && predictionTime <= futureTime; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(predictedR.size()) && predictionTime <= futureTime;
+         ++i) {
         if (predictedR[i] < mModel->config().distanceNoiseFloor) {
             // Stop predicting when the predicted output is below the model's noise floor.
             //
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@
         const TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point predictedPoint =
                 convertPrediction(axisFrom, axisTo, predictedR[i], predictedPhi[i]);
 
-        ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "prediction %d: %f, %f", i, predictedPoint.x, predictedPoint.y);
+        ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "prediction %zu: %f, %f", i, predictedPoint.x, predictedPoint.y);
         PointerCoords coords;
         coords.clear();
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, predictedPoint.x);
diff --git a/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp b/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp
index 5984b4d3..d17476e 100644
--- a/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp
@@ -143,8 +143,7 @@
                         tensor->name, TfLiteTypeGetName(tensor->type), TfLiteTypeGetName(type));
 
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!tensor->data.data);
-    return {reinterpret_cast<T*>(tensor->data.data),
-            static_cast<typename std::span<T>::index_type>(tensor->bytes / sizeof(T))};
+    return std::span<T>(reinterpret_cast<T*>(tensor->data.data), tensor->bytes / sizeof(T));
 }
 
 // Verifies that a tensor exists and has an underlying buffer of type T.
diff --git a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
index 1f29a00..a0563f9 100644
--- a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
+++ b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
@@ -13,3 +13,17 @@
   description: "Set to true to enable crashing whenever bad inbound events are going into InputDispatcher"
   bug: "271455682"
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "enable_pointer_choreographer"
+  namespace: "input"
+  description: "Set to true to enable PointerChoreographer: the new pipeline for showing pointer icons"
+  bug: "293587049"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "enable_gestures_library_timer_provider"
+  namespace: "input"
+  description: "Set to true to enable timer support for the touchpad Gestures library"
+  bug: "297192727"
+}
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer_aidl.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer_aidl.h
index e269f0d..3f77c78 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer_aidl.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer_aidl.h
@@ -95,14 +95,22 @@
 
     binder_status_t readFromParcel(const AParcel* _Nonnull parcel) {
         reset();
-        return AHardwareBuffer_readFromParcel(parcel, &mBuffer);
+        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_U__, *)) {
+            return AHardwareBuffer_readFromParcel(parcel, &mBuffer);
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION;
+        }
     }
 
     binder_status_t writeToParcel(AParcel* _Nonnull parcel) const {
         if (!mBuffer) {
             return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        return AHardwareBuffer_writeToParcel(mBuffer, parcel);
+        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_U__, *)) {
+            return AHardwareBuffer_writeToParcel(mBuffer, parcel);
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -150,9 +158,13 @@
         if (!mBuffer) {
             return "<HardwareBuffer: Invalid>";
         }
-        uint64_t id = 0;
-        AHardwareBuffer_getId(mBuffer, &id);
-        return "<HardwareBuffer " + std::to_string(id) + ">";
+        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_S__, *)) {
+            uint64_t id = 0;
+            AHardwareBuffer_getId(mBuffer, &id);
+            return "<HardwareBuffer " + std::to_string(id) + ">";
+        } else {
+            return "<HardwareBuffer (unknown)>";
+        }
     }
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index 1f18b94..82ee95c 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
+#include <GrTypes.h>
 #include <SkBlendMode.h>
 #include <SkCanvas.h>
 #include <SkColor.h>
@@ -289,12 +290,12 @@
     }
 
     if (mGrContext) {
-        mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(true);
+        mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
         mGrContext->abandonContext();
     }
 
     if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-        mProtectedGrContext->flushAndSubmit(true);
+        mProtectedGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
         mProtectedGrContext->abandonContext();
     }
 }
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@
 
     // release any scratch resources before switching into a new mode
     if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->purgeUnlockedResources(true);
+        getActiveGrContext()->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
     }
 
     // Backend-specific way to switch to protected context
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp
index b21b01c..48dc77e 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp
@@ -31,14 +31,17 @@
 #include "SkRect.h"
 #include "SkTypeface.h"
 #include "src/utils/SkMultiPictureDocument.h"
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
 // The root of the filename to write a recorded SKP to. In order for this file to
-// be written to /data/user/, user must run 'adb shell setenforce 0' on the device.
-static const std::string CAPTURED_FILENAME_BASE = "/data/user/re_skiacapture";
+// be written, user must run 'adb shell setenforce 0' on the device. Note: This
+// is handled by record.sh. FIXME(b/296282988): With updated selinux policies,
+// 'adb shell setenforce 0' should be unnecessary.
+static const std::string CAPTURED_FILE_DIR = "/data/misc/mskps";
 
 SkiaCapture::~SkiaCapture() {
     mTimer.stop();
@@ -169,11 +172,12 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGD("Set up multi-frame capture, ms = %llu", mTimerInterval.count());
     base::SetProperty(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_CAPTURE_FILENAME, "");
-    const std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
 
-    // Attach a timestamp to the file.
+    mkdir(CAPTURED_FILE_DIR.c_str(), 0700);
+
+    const std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
     mCaptureFile.clear();
-    base::StringAppendF(&mCaptureFile, "%s_%lld.mskp", CAPTURED_FILENAME_BASE.c_str(),
+    base::StringAppendF(&mCaptureFile, "%s/re_skiacapture_%lld.mskp", CAPTURED_FILE_DIR.c_str(),
                         std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
     auto stream = std::make_unique<SkFILEWStream>(mCaptureFile.c_str());
     // We own this stream and need to hold it until close() finishes.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/record.sh b/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/record.sh
index c818c40..88d8b09 100755
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/record.sh
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/debug/record.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 # There is no guarantee that at least one frame passed through renderengine during that time
 # but as far as I know it always at least writes a 0-byte file with a new name, unless it crashes
 # the process it is recording.
-# /data/user/re_skiacapture_56204430551705.mskp
 
 spin() {
     case "$spin" in
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_angle_platform.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_angle_platform.cpp
index 9a6bb7a..ee605c2 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_angle_platform.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_angle_platform.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 namespace angle {
 
+constexpr char kAngleEs2Lib[] = "libGLESv2_angle.so";
 constexpr int kAngleDlFlags = RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_NOW;
 
 static GetDisplayPlatformFunc angleGetDisplayPlatform = nullptr;
@@ -115,8 +116,6 @@
     android_namespace_t* ns = android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getAngleNamespace();
     void* so = nullptr;
     if (ns) {
-        // Loading from an APK, so hard-code the suffix to "_angle".
-        constexpr char kAngleEs2Lib[] = "libGLESv2_angle.so";
         const android_dlextinfo dlextinfo = {
                 .flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE,
                 .library_namespace = ns,
@@ -130,19 +129,11 @@
         }
     } else {
         // If we are here, ANGLE is loaded as built-in gl driver in the sphal.
-        // Get the specified ANGLE library filename suffix.
-        std::string angleEs2LibSuffix = android::base::GetProperty("ro.hardware.egl", "");
-        if (angleEs2LibSuffix.empty()) {
-            ALOGE("%s failed to get valid ANGLE library filename suffix!", __FUNCTION__);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        std::string angleEs2LibName = "libGLESv2_" + angleEs2LibSuffix + ".so";
-        so = android_load_sphal_library(angleEs2LibName.c_str(), kAngleDlFlags);
+        so = android_load_sphal_library(kAngleEs2Lib, kAngleDlFlags);
         if (so) {
-            ALOGD("dlopen (%s) success at %p", angleEs2LibName.c_str(), so);
+            ALOGD("dlopen (%s) success at %p", kAngleEs2Lib, so);
         } else {
-            ALOGE("%s failed to dlopen %s!", __FUNCTION__, angleEs2LibName.c_str());
+            ALOGE("%s failed to dlopen %s: %s!", __FUNCTION__, kAngleEs2Lib, dlerror());
             return false;
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp
index 7c99a1c..56a3fb4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,13 @@
 
 constexpr size_t INTERACTIONS_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 500;
 
-int32_t linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(int32_t linuxBus) {
+int32_t linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(int32_t linuxBus, bool isUsiStylus) {
+    if (isUsiStylus) {
+        // This is a stylus connected over the Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol.
+        // For metrics purposes, we treat this protocol as a separate bus.
+        return util::INPUT_DEVICE_USAGE_REPORTED__DEVICE_BUS__USI;
+    }
+
     // When adding cases to this switch, also add them to the copy of this method in
     // TouchpadInputMapper.cpp.
     // TODO(b/286394420): deduplicate this method with the one in TouchpadInputMapper.cpp.
@@ -58,11 +64,12 @@
 class : public InputDeviceMetricsLogger {
     nanoseconds getCurrentTime() override { return nanoseconds(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)); }
 
-    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier,
+    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceInfo& info,
                                      const DeviceUsageReport& report) override {
         const int32_t durationMillis =
                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(report.usageDuration).count();
         const static std::vector<int32_t> empty;
+        const auto& identifier = info.getIdentifier();
 
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "Usage session reported for device: %s", identifier.name.c_str());
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "    Total duration: %dms", durationMillis);
@@ -90,7 +97,9 @@
                      durMillis);
         }
         util::stats_write(util::INPUTDEVICE_USAGE_REPORTED, identifier.vendor, identifier.product,
-                          identifier.version, linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(identifier.bus),
+                          identifier.version,
+                          linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(identifier.bus,
+                                                       info.getUsiVersion().has_value()),
                           durationMillis, sources, durationsPerSource, uids, durationsPerUid);
     }
 } sStatsdLogger;
@@ -295,21 +304,21 @@
         if (newDeviceInfos.count(deviceId) != 0) {
             continue;
         }
-        onInputDeviceRemoved(deviceId, info.getIdentifier());
+        onInputDeviceRemoved(deviceId, info);
     }
 
     std::swap(newDeviceInfos, mLoggedDeviceInfos);
 }
 
 void InputDeviceMetricsCollector::onInputDeviceRemoved(DeviceId deviceId,
-                                                       const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier) {
+                                                       const InputDeviceInfo& info) {
     auto it = mActiveUsageSessions.find(deviceId);
     if (it == mActiveUsageSessions.end()) {
         return;
     }
     // Report usage for that device if there is an active session.
     auto& [_, activeSession] = *it;
-    mLogger.logInputDeviceUsageReported(identifier, activeSession.finishSession());
+    mLogger.logInputDeviceUsageReported(info, activeSession.finishSession());
     mActiveUsageSessions.erase(it);
 
     // We don't remove this from mLoggedDeviceInfos because it will be updated in
@@ -365,8 +374,7 @@
         auto activeSessionIt = mActiveUsageSessions.find(deviceId);
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(activeSessionIt == mActiveUsageSessions.end());
         auto& [_, activeSession] = *activeSessionIt;
-        mLogger.logInputDeviceUsageReported(infoIt->second.getIdentifier(),
-                                            activeSession.finishSession());
+        mLogger.logInputDeviceUsageReported(infoIt->second, activeSession.finishSession());
         mActiveUsageSessions.erase(activeSessionIt);
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h
index c70e6d4..1f7c5d9 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h
@@ -110,8 +110,7 @@
         UidUsageBreakdown uidBreakdown;
     };
 
-    virtual void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceIdentifier&,
-                                             const DeviceUsageReport&) = 0;
+    virtual void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceInfo&, const DeviceUsageReport&) = 0;
     virtual ~InputDeviceMetricsLogger() = default;
 };
 
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@
     std::map<DeviceId, ActiveSession> mActiveUsageSessions;
 
     void onInputDevicesChanged(const std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>& infos);
-    void onInputDeviceRemoved(DeviceId deviceId, const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier);
+    void onInputDeviceRemoved(DeviceId deviceId, const InputDeviceInfo& info);
     using SourceProvider = std::function<std::set<InputDeviceUsageSource>(const InputDeviceInfo&)>;
     void onInputDeviceUsage(DeviceId deviceId, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime,
                             const SourceProvider& getSources);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
index 0567a32..92c65e1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
@@ -27,10 +27,13 @@
 #include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
 #include <android/sysprop/InputProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <com_android_input_flags.h>
 #include <inputflinger_bootstrap.rs.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
+
 namespace android {
 
 namespace {
@@ -38,8 +41,7 @@
 const bool ENABLE_INPUT_DEVICE_USAGE_METRICS =
         sysprop::InputProperties::enable_input_device_usage_metrics().value_or(true);
 
-const bool ENABLE_POINTER_CHOREOGRAPHER =
-        sysprop::InputProperties::enable_pointer_choreographer().value_or(false);
+const bool ENABLE_POINTER_CHOREOGRAPHER = input_flags::enable_pointer_choreographer();
 
 int32_t exceptionCodeFromStatusT(status_t status) {
     switch (status) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
index 8fe6411..e1806a0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
         "mapper/gestures/HardwareProperties.cpp",
         "mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.cpp",
         "mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp",
+        "mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
index 0aea0b3..5766b14 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
@@ -946,6 +946,7 @@
         device->dump(dump, eventHubDevStr);
     }
 
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "NextTimeout: %" PRId64 "\n", mNextTimeout);
     dump += INDENT "Configuration:\n";
     dump += INDENT2 "ExcludedDeviceNames: [";
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mConfig.excludedDeviceNames.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
index 6ea004d..c76fec7 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/input.h>
+#include <com_android_input_flags.h>
 #include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
@@ -34,8 +35,11 @@
 #include "TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h"
 #include "TouchpadInputMapper.h"
 #include "gestures/HardwareProperties.h"
+#include "gestures/TimerProvider.h"
 #include "ui/Rotation.h"
 
+namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
+
 namespace android {
 
 namespace {
@@ -125,7 +129,13 @@
     mapper->consumeGesture(gesture);
 }
 
-int32_t linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(int32_t linuxBus) {
+int32_t linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(int32_t linuxBus, bool isUsiStylus) {
+    if (isUsiStylus) {
+        // This is a stylus connected over the Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol.
+        // For metrics purposes, we treat this protocol as a separate bus.
+        return util::INPUT_DEVICE_USAGE_REPORTED__DEVICE_BUS__USI;
+    }
+
     // When adding cases to this switch, also add them to the copy of this method in
     // InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp.
     // TODO(b/286394420): deduplicate this method with the one in InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp.
@@ -199,8 +209,8 @@
         for (auto& [id, counters] : mCounters) {
             auto [busId, vendorId, productId, versionId] = id;
             addAStatsEvent(outEventList, android::util::TOUCHPAD_USAGE, vendorId, productId,
-                           versionId, linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(busId), counters.fingers,
-                           counters.palms, counters.twoFingerSwipeGestures,
+                           versionId, linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(busId, /*isUsi=*/false),
+                           counters.fingers, counters.palms, counters.twoFingerSwipeGestures,
                            counters.threeFingerSwipeGestures, counters.fourFingerSwipeGestures,
                            counters.pinchGestures);
         }
@@ -232,6 +242,7 @@
       : InputMapper(deviceContext, readerConfig),
         mGestureInterpreter(NewGestureInterpreter(), DeleteGestureInterpreter),
         mPointerController(getContext()->getPointerController(getDeviceId())),
+        mTimerProvider(*getContext()),
         mStateConverter(deviceContext, mMotionAccumulator),
         mGestureConverter(*getContext(), deviceContext, getDeviceId()),
         mCapturedEventConverter(*getContext(), deviceContext, mMotionAccumulator, getDeviceId()),
@@ -253,8 +264,12 @@
     // 2) TouchpadInputMapper is stored as a unique_ptr and not moved.
     mGestureInterpreter->SetPropProvider(const_cast<GesturesPropProvider*>(&gesturePropProvider),
                                          &mPropertyProvider);
+    if (input_flags::enable_gestures_library_timer_provider()) {
+        mGestureInterpreter->SetTimerProvider(const_cast<GesturesTimerProvider*>(
+                                                      &kGestureTimerProvider),
+                                              &mTimerProvider);
+    }
     mGestureInterpreter->SetCallback(gestureInterpreterCallback, this);
-    // TODO(b/251196347): set a timer provider, so the library can use timers.
 }
 
 TouchpadInputMapper::~TouchpadInputMapper() {
@@ -262,14 +277,14 @@
         mPointerController->fade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::IMMEDIATE);
     }
 
-    // The gesture interpreter's destructor will call its property provider's free function for all
-    // gesture properties, in this case calling PropertyProvider::freeProperty using a raw pointer
-    // to mPropertyProvider. Depending on the declaration order in TouchpadInputMapper.h, this may
-    // happen after mPropertyProvider has been destructed, causing allocation errors. Depending on
-    // declaration order to avoid crashes seems rather fragile, so explicitly clear the property
-    // provider here to ensure all the freeProperty calls happen before mPropertyProvider is
-    // destructed.
+    // The gesture interpreter's destructor will try to free its property and timer providers,
+    // calling PropertyProvider::freeProperty and TimerProvider::freeTimer using a raw pointers.
+    // Depending on the declaration order in TouchpadInputMapper.h, those providers may have already
+    // been freed, causing allocation errors or use-after-free bugs. Depending on declaration order
+    // to avoid this seems rather fragile, so explicitly clear the providers here to ensure all the
+    // freeProperty and freeTimer calls happen before the providers are destructed.
     mGestureInterpreter->SetPropProvider(nullptr, nullptr);
+    mGestureInterpreter->SetTimerProvider(nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
 uint32_t TouchpadInputMapper::getSources() const {
@@ -287,9 +302,6 @@
 
 void TouchpadInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
     dump += INDENT2 "Touchpad Input Mapper:\n";
-    if (mProcessing) {
-        dump += INDENT3 "Currently processing a hardware state\n";
-    }
     if (mResettingInterpreter) {
         dump += INDENT3 "Currently resetting gesture interpreter\n";
     }
@@ -298,6 +310,12 @@
     dump += addLinePrefix(mGestureConverter.dump(), INDENT4);
     dump += INDENT3 "Gesture properties:\n";
     dump += addLinePrefix(mPropertyProvider.dump(), INDENT4);
+    if (input_flags::enable_gestures_library_timer_provider()) {
+        dump += INDENT3 "Timer provider:\n";
+        dump += addLinePrefix(mTimerProvider.dump(), INDENT4);
+    } else {
+        dump += INDENT3 "Timer provider: disabled by flag\n";
+    }
     dump += INDENT3 "Captured event converter:\n";
     dump += addLinePrefix(mCapturedEventConverter.dump(), INDENT4);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayId: %s\n", toString(mDisplayId).c_str());
@@ -443,13 +461,18 @@
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchpadInputMapper::sendHardwareState(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime,
                                                              SelfContainedHardwareState schs) {
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TOUCHPAD_GESTURES, "New hardware state: %s", schs.state.String().c_str());
-    mProcessing = true;
     mGestureInterpreter->PushHardwareState(&schs.state);
-    mProcessing = false;
-
     return processGestures(when, readTime);
 }
 
+std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchpadInputMapper::timeoutExpired(nsecs_t when) {
+    if (!input_flags::enable_gestures_library_timer_provider()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    mTimerProvider.triggerCallbacks(when);
+    return processGestures(when, when);
+}
+
 void TouchpadInputMapper::consumeGesture(const Gesture* gesture) {
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TOUCHPAD_GESTURES, "Gesture ready: %s", gesture->String().c_str());
     if (mResettingInterpreter) {
@@ -457,10 +480,6 @@
         // ignore any gestures produced from the interpreter while we're resetting it.
         return;
     }
-    if (!mProcessing) {
-        ALOGE("Received gesture outside of the normal processing flow; ignoring it.");
-        return;
-    }
     mGesturesToProcess.push_back(*gesture);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
index 47d712e..a68ae43 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "gestures/GestureConverter.h"
 #include "gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h"
 #include "gestures/PropertyProvider.h"
+#include "gestures/TimerProvider.h"
 
 #include "include/gestures.h"
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@
                                                     ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> timeoutExpired(nsecs_t when) override;
 
     void consumeGesture(const Gesture* gesture);
 
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<PointerControllerInterface> mPointerController;
 
     PropertyProvider mPropertyProvider;
+    TimerProvider mTimerProvider;
 
     // The MultiTouchMotionAccumulator is shared between the HardwareStateConverter and
     // CapturedTouchpadEventConverter, so that if the touchpad is captured or released while touches
@@ -92,7 +95,6 @@
     CapturedTouchpadEventConverter mCapturedEventConverter;
 
     bool mPointerCaptured = false;
-    bool mProcessing = false;
     bool mResettingInterpreter = false;
     std::vector<Gesture> mGesturesToProcess;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df2f260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "TimerProvider.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+nsecs_t stimeToNsecs(stime_t time) {
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+                   std::chrono::duration<stime_t>(time))
+            .count();
+}
+
+stime_t nsecsToStime(nsecs_t time) {
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<stime_t>>(
+                   std::chrono::nanoseconds(time))
+            .count();
+}
+
+GesturesTimer* createTimer(void* data) {
+    return static_cast<TimerProvider*>(data)->createTimer();
+}
+
+void setDeadline(void* data, GesturesTimer* timer, stime_t delay, GesturesTimerCallback callback,
+                 void* callbackData) {
+    static_cast<TimerProvider*>(data)->setDeadline(timer, stimeToNsecs(delay), callback,
+                                                   callbackData);
+};
+
+void cancelTimer(void* data, GesturesTimer* timer) {
+    static_cast<TimerProvider*>(data)->cancelTimer(timer);
+}
+
+void freeTimer(void* data, GesturesTimer* timer) {
+    static_cast<TimerProvider*>(data)->freeTimer(timer);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+const GesturesTimerProvider kGestureTimerProvider = {
+        .create_fn = createTimer,
+        .set_fn = setDeadline,
+        .cancel_fn = cancelTimer,
+        .free_fn = freeTimer,
+};
+
+TimerProvider::TimerProvider(InputReaderContext& context) : mReaderContext(context) {}
+
+std::string TimerProvider::dump() {
+    std::string dump;
+    auto timerPtrToString = [](const std::unique_ptr<GesturesTimer>& timer) {
+        return std::to_string(timer->id);
+    };
+    dump += "Timer IDs: " + dumpVector<std::unique_ptr<GesturesTimer>>(mTimers, timerPtrToString) +
+            "\n";
+    dump += "Deadlines and corresponding timer IDs:\n";
+    dump += addLinePrefix(dumpMap(mDeadlines, constToString,
+                                  [](const Deadline& deadline) {
+                                      return std::to_string(deadline.timerId);
+                                  }),
+                          "  ") +
+            "\n";
+    return dump;
+}
+
+void TimerProvider::triggerCallbacks(nsecs_t when) {
+    while (!mDeadlines.empty() && when >= mDeadlines.begin()->first) {
+        const auto& deadlinePair = mDeadlines.begin();
+        deadlinePair->second.callback(when);
+        mDeadlines.erase(deadlinePair);
+    }
+    requestTimeout();
+}
+
+GesturesTimer* TimerProvider::createTimer() {
+    mTimers.push_back(std::make_unique<GesturesTimer>());
+    mTimers.back()->id = mNextTimerId;
+    mNextTimerId++;
+    return mTimers.back().get();
+}
+
+void TimerProvider::setDeadline(GesturesTimer* timer, nsecs_t delay, GesturesTimerCallback callback,
+                                void* callbackData) {
+    setDeadlineWithoutRequestingTimeout(timer, delay, callback, callbackData);
+    requestTimeout();
+}
+
+void TimerProvider::setDeadlineWithoutRequestingTimeout(GesturesTimer* timer, nsecs_t delay,
+                                                        GesturesTimerCallback callback,
+                                                        void* callbackData) {
+    const nsecs_t now = getCurrentTime();
+    const nsecs_t time = now + delay;
+    std::function<void(nsecs_t)> wrappedCallback = [=, this](nsecs_t triggerTime) {
+        stime_t nextDelay = callback(nsecsToStime(triggerTime), callbackData);
+        if (nextDelay >= 0.0) {
+            // When rescheduling a deadline, we know that we're running inside a call to
+            // triggerCallbacks, at the end of which requestTimeout will be called. This means that
+            // we don't want to call the public setDeadline, as that will request a timeout before
+            // triggerCallbacks has removed this current deadline, resulting in a request for a
+            // timeout that has already passed.
+            setDeadlineWithoutRequestingTimeout(timer, stimeToNsecs(nextDelay), callback,
+                                                callbackData);
+        }
+    };
+    mDeadlines.insert({time, Deadline(wrappedCallback, timer->id)});
+}
+
+void TimerProvider::cancelTimer(GesturesTimer* timer) {
+    int id = timer->id;
+    std::erase_if(mDeadlines, [id](const auto& item) { return item.second.timerId == id; });
+    requestTimeout();
+}
+
+void TimerProvider::freeTimer(GesturesTimer* timer) {
+    cancelTimer(timer);
+    std::erase_if(mTimers, [timer](std::unique_ptr<GesturesTimer>& t) { return t.get() == timer; });
+}
+
+void TimerProvider::requestTimeout() {
+    if (!mDeadlines.empty()) {
+        // Because a std::multimap is sorted by key, we simply use the time for the first entry.
+        mReaderContext.requestTimeoutAtTime(mDeadlines.begin()->first);
+    }
+}
+
+nsecs_t TimerProvider::getCurrentTime() {
+    return systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c870e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/TimerProvider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include "InputReaderContext.h"
+#include "NotifyArgs.h"
+#include "include/gestures.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+extern const GesturesTimerProvider kGestureTimerProvider;
+
+// Implementation of a gestures library timer provider, which allows the library to set and cancel
+// callbacks.
+class TimerProvider {
+public:
+    TimerProvider(InputReaderContext& context);
+    virtual ~TimerProvider() = default;
+
+    // Disable copy and move, since pointers to TimerProvider objects are used in callbacks.
+    TimerProvider(const TimerProvider&) = delete;
+    TimerProvider& operator=(const TimerProvider&) = delete;
+
+    std::string dump();
+    void triggerCallbacks(nsecs_t when);
+
+    // Methods to be called by the gestures library:
+    GesturesTimer* createTimer();
+    void setDeadline(GesturesTimer* timer, nsecs_t delay, GesturesTimerCallback callback,
+                     void* callbackData);
+    void cancelTimer(GesturesTimer* timer);
+    void freeTimer(GesturesTimer* timer);
+
+protected:
+    // A wrapper for the system clock, to allow tests to override it.
+    virtual nsecs_t getCurrentTime();
+
+private:
+    void setDeadlineWithoutRequestingTimeout(GesturesTimer* timer, nsecs_t delay,
+                                             GesturesTimerCallback callback, void* callbackData);
+    // Requests a timeout from the InputReader for the nearest deadline in mDeadlines. Must be
+    // called whenever mDeadlines is modified.
+    void requestTimeout();
+
+    InputReaderContext& mReaderContext;
+    int mNextTimerId = 0;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<GesturesTimer>> mTimers;
+
+    struct Deadline {
+        Deadline(std::function<void(nsecs_t)> callback, int timerId)
+              : callback(callback), timerId(timerId) {}
+        const std::function<void(nsecs_t)> callback;
+        const int timerId;
+    };
+
+    std::multimap<nsecs_t /*time*/, Deadline> mDeadlines;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
+
+// Represents a "timer" registered by the gestures library. In practice, this just means a set of
+// deadlines that can be cancelled as a group. The library's API requires this to be in the
+// top-level namespace.
+struct GesturesTimer {
+    int id = -1;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 6410046..d87a5a7 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
         "PropertyProvider_test.cpp",
         "SlopController_test.cpp",
         "SyncQueue_test.cpp",
+        "TimerProvider_test.cpp",
         "TestInputListener.cpp",
         "TestInputListenerMatchers.cpp",
         "TouchpadInputMapper_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp
index 2ff64c8..7ccfaca 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 constexpr int32_t POINTER_1_DOWN =
         AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
 
-InputDeviceIdentifier getIdentifier(int32_t id = DEVICE_ID) {
+InputDeviceIdentifier generateTestIdentifier(int32_t id = DEVICE_ID) {
     InputDeviceIdentifier identifier;
     identifier.name = DEVICE_NAME + "_" + std::to_string(id);
     identifier.location = LOCATION;
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
                                        uint32_t sources = TOUCHSCREEN | STYLUS,
                                        bool isAlphabetic = false) {
     auto info = InputDeviceInfo();
-    info.initialize(id, /*generation=*/1, /*controllerNumber=*/1, getIdentifier(id), "alias",
-                    /*isExternal=*/false, /*hasMic=*/false, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
+    info.initialize(id, /*generation=*/1, /*controllerNumber=*/1, generateTestIdentifier(id),
+                    "alias", /*isExternal=*/false, /*hasMic=*/false, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     info.addSource(sources);
     info.setKeyboardType(isAlphabetic ? AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC
                                       : AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC);
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@
         generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID, KEY_SOURCES, /*isAlphabetic=*/true);
 const InputDeviceInfo NON_ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO =
         generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID, KEY_SOURCES, /*isAlphabetic=*/false);
+const InputDeviceInfo TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO = generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID);
+const InputDeviceInfo SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO = generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID_2);
 
 std::set<gui::Uid> uids(std::initializer_list<int32_t> vals) {
     std::set<gui::Uid> set;
@@ -351,12 +353,12 @@
     TestInputListener mTestListener;
     InputDeviceMetricsCollector mMetricsCollector{mTestListener, *this, USAGE_TIMEOUT};
 
-    void assertUsageLogged(InputDeviceIdentifier identifier, nanoseconds duration,
+    void assertUsageLogged(const InputDeviceInfo& info, nanoseconds duration,
                            std::optional<SourceUsageBreakdown> sourceBreakdown = {},
                            std::optional<UidUsageBreakdown> uidBreakdown = {}) {
         ASSERT_GE(mLoggedUsageSessions.size(), 1u);
-        const auto& [loggedIdentifier, report] = *mLoggedUsageSessions.begin();
-        ASSERT_EQ(identifier, loggedIdentifier);
+        const auto& [loggedInfo, report] = *mLoggedUsageSessions.begin();
+        ASSERT_EQ(info.getIdentifier(), loggedInfo.getIdentifier());
         ASSERT_EQ(duration, report.usageDuration);
         if (sourceBreakdown) {
             ASSERT_EQ(sourceBreakdown, report.sourceBreakdown);
@@ -387,14 +389,14 @@
     }
 
 private:
-    std::vector<std::tuple<InputDeviceIdentifier, DeviceUsageReport>> mLoggedUsageSessions;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<InputDeviceInfo, DeviceUsageReport>> mLoggedUsageSessions;
     nanoseconds mCurrentTime{TIME};
 
     nanoseconds getCurrentTime() override { return mCurrentTime; }
 
-    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier,
+    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceInfo& info,
                                      const DeviceUsageReport& report) override {
-        mLoggedUsageSessions.emplace_back(identifier, report);
+        mLoggedUsageSessions.emplace_back(info, report);
     }
 };
 
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, LogsSingleEventUsageSession) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
 
     // Device was used.
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
@@ -448,11 +450,11 @@
     setCurrentTime(TIME + USAGE_TIMEOUT);
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
     // The usage session has zero duration because it consisted of only one event.
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(), 0ns));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 0ns));
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, LogsMultipleEventUsageSession) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
 
     // Device was used.
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
@@ -468,11 +470,11 @@
     // Device was used again after the usage timeout.
     setCurrentTime(TIME + 42ns + 2 * USAGE_TIMEOUT);
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(), 42ns));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 42ns));
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, RemovingDeviceEndsUsageSession) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
 
     // Device was used.
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
@@ -485,12 +487,12 @@
     // The device was removed before the usage timeout expired.
     setCurrentTime(TIME + 42ns);
     mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {}});
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(), 21ns));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 21ns));
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, TracksUsageFromDifferentDevicesIndependently) {
     mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged(
-            {/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo(), generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID_2)}});
+            {/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
 
     // Device 1 was used.
     setCurrentTime(TIME);
@@ -509,7 +511,7 @@
     // Device 1 was used after its usage timeout expired. Its usage session is reported.
     setCurrentTime(TIME + 300ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT);
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID), 100ns));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 100ns));
 
     // Device 2 was used.
     setCurrentTime(TIME + 350ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT);
@@ -525,13 +527,14 @@
     setCurrentTime(TIME + 400ns + (2 * USAGE_TIMEOUT));
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
     // Since Device 2's usage session ended, its usage should be reported.
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID_2), 150ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            assertUsageLogged(SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 150ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, BreakdownUsageBySource) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
     InputDeviceMetricsLogger::SourceUsageBreakdown expectedSourceBreakdown;
 
     // Use touchscreen.
@@ -576,7 +579,7 @@
                                          100ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT);
     // Verify that only one usage session was logged for the device, and that session was broken
     // down by source correctly.
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(),
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO,
                                               400ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT + USAGE_TIMEOUT,
                                               expectedSourceBreakdown));
 
@@ -585,7 +588,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, BreakdownUsageBySource_TrackSourceByDevice) {
     mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged(
-            {/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID), generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID_2)}});
+            {/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
     InputDeviceMetricsLogger::SourceUsageBreakdown expectedSourceBreakdown1;
     InputDeviceMetricsLogger::SourceUsageBreakdown expectedSourceBreakdown2;
 
@@ -602,15 +605,15 @@
     expectedSourceBreakdown1.emplace_back(InputDeviceUsageSource::TOUCHSCREEN, 100ns);
     expectedSourceBreakdown2.emplace_back(InputDeviceUsageSource::STYLUS_DIRECT, 100ns);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID), 100ns, expectedSourceBreakdown1));
+            assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 100ns, expectedSourceBreakdown1));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID_2), 100ns, expectedSourceBreakdown2));
+            assertUsageLogged(SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 100ns, expectedSourceBreakdown2));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, BreakdownUsageBySource_MultiSourceEvent) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID)}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
     InputDeviceMetricsLogger::SourceUsageBreakdown expectedSourceBreakdown;
 
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID, TOUCHSCREEN | STYLUS, //
@@ -634,13 +637,13 @@
     expectedSourceBreakdown.emplace_back(InputDeviceUsageSource::STYLUS_DIRECT, 200ns);
     expectedSourceBreakdown.emplace_back(InputDeviceUsageSource::TOUCHSCREEN, 300ns);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID), 400ns, expectedSourceBreakdown));
+            assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 400ns, expectedSourceBreakdown));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, UidsNotTrackedWhenThereIsNoActiveSession) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
 
     // Notify interaction with UIDs before the device is used.
     mMetricsCollector.notifyDeviceInteraction(DEVICE_ID, currentTime(), uids({1}));
@@ -665,14 +668,15 @@
 
     // The first usage session is logged.
     static const UidUsageBreakdown emptyBreakdown;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(), 100ns, /*sourceBreakdown=*/{},
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 100ns,
+                                              /*sourceBreakdown=*/{},
                                               /*uidBreakdown=*/emptyBreakdown));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, BreakdownUsageByUid) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
     UidUsageBreakdown expectedUidBreakdown;
 
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
@@ -691,14 +695,14 @@
 
     // Remove the device to force the usage session to be logged.
     mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({});
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(), 200ns, /*sourceBreakdown=*/{},
-                                              expectedUidBreakdown));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 200ns,
+                                              /*sourceBreakdown=*/{}, expectedUidBreakdown));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, BreakdownUsageByUid_TracksMultipleSessionsForUid) {
-    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo()}});
+    mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged({/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
     UidUsageBreakdown expectedUidBreakdown;
 
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
@@ -742,7 +746,7 @@
     expectedUidBreakdown.emplace_back(2, 0ns);
     expectedUidBreakdown.emplace_back(3, 100ns);
     expectedUidBreakdown.emplace_back(4, 100ns);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(), 500ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT,
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 500ns + USAGE_TIMEOUT,
                                               /*sourceBreakdown=*/{}, expectedUidBreakdown));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
@@ -750,7 +754,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(InputDeviceMetricsCollectorTest, BreakdownUsageByUid_TracksUidsByDevice) {
     mMetricsCollector.notifyInputDevicesChanged(
-            {/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID), generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID_2)}});
+            {/*id=*/0, {TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO}});
     UidUsageBreakdown expectedUidBreakdown1;
     UidUsageBreakdown expectedUidBreakdown2;
 
@@ -773,9 +777,9 @@
     expectedUidBreakdown2.emplace_back(1, 100ns);
     expectedUidBreakdown2.emplace_back(3, 100ns);
     mMetricsCollector.notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(DEVICE_ID));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID), 200ns,
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 200ns,
                                               /*sourceBreakdown=*/{}, expectedUidBreakdown1));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(getIdentifier(DEVICE_ID_2), 100ns,
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageLogged(SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO, 100ns,
                                               /*sourceBreakdown=*/{}, expectedUidBreakdown2));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertUsageNotLogged());
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TimerProvider_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/TimerProvider_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb28823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TimerProvider_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "gestures/TimerProvider.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "InterfaceMocks.h"
+#include "TestConstants.h"
+#include "include/gestures.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+class TestTimerProvider : public TimerProvider {
+public:
+    TestTimerProvider(InputReaderContext& context) : TimerProvider(context) {}
+
+    void setCurrentTime(nsecs_t time) { mCurrentTime = time; }
+
+protected:
+    nsecs_t getCurrentTime() override { return mCurrentTime; }
+
+private:
+    nsecs_t mCurrentTime = 0;
+};
+
+stime_t pushTimeOntoVector(stime_t triggerTime, void* data) {
+    std::vector<stime_t>* times = static_cast<std::vector<stime_t>*>(data);
+    times->push_back(triggerTime);
+    return NO_DEADLINE;
+}
+
+stime_t copyTimeToVariable(stime_t triggerTime, void* data) {
+    stime_t* time = static_cast<stime_t*>(data);
+    *time = triggerTime;
+    return NO_DEADLINE;
+}
+
+stime_t incrementInt(stime_t triggerTime, void* data) {
+    int* count = static_cast<int*>(data);
+    *count += 1;
+    return NO_DEADLINE;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+using testing::AtLeast;
+
+class TimerProviderTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    TimerProviderTest() : mProvider(mMockContext) {}
+
+protected:
+    void triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(nsecs_t time) {
+        mProvider.setCurrentTime(time);
+        mProvider.triggerCallbacks(time);
+    }
+
+    MockInputReaderContext mMockContext;
+    TestTimerProvider mProvider;
+};
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, SingleDeadlineTriggersWhenTimeoutIsExactlyOnTime) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    std::vector<stime_t> callTimes;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(3);
+
+    // Call through kGestureTimerProvider in this test case, so that we cover the stime_t to nsecs_t
+    // conversion code. This is why the delay is 1.0 rather than 1'000'000'000 here.
+    kGestureTimerProvider.set_fn(&mProvider, timer, 1.0, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(900'000'000);
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(999'999'999);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, callTimes.size());
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'000'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, callTimes.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, callTimes[0], EPSILON);
+
+    // Now that the timer has triggered, it shouldn't trigger again if we get another timeout from
+    // InputReader.
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'300'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, callTimes.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, SingleDeadlineTriggersWhenTimeoutIsLate) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    stime_t callTime = -1.0;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &copyTimeToVariable, &callTime);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'010'000'000);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.01, callTime, EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, SingleRescheduledDeadlineTriggers) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    std::vector<stime_t> callTimes;
+    auto callback = [](stime_t triggerTime, void* callbackData) {
+        std::vector<stime_t>* times = static_cast<std::vector<stime_t>*>(callbackData);
+        times->push_back(triggerTime);
+        if (times->size() < 2) {
+            return 1.0;
+        } else {
+            return NO_DEADLINE;
+        }
+    };
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(1);
+    // The deadline should be rescheduled for 2.01s, since the first triggerCallbacks call is 0.01s
+    // late.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(2'010'000'000)).Times(1);
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, callback, &callTimes);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'010'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, callTimes.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.01, callTimes[0], EPSILON);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(2'020'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, callTimes.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.01, callTimes[0], EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(2.02, callTimes[1], EPSILON);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(3'000'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(2u, callTimes.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, MultipleDeadlinesTriggerWithMultipleTimeouts) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    std::vector<stime_t> callTimes1;
+    std::vector<stime_t> callTimes2;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'500'000'000)).Times(1);
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'500'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes2);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, callTimes1.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, callTimes2.size());
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'010'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, callTimes1.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.01, callTimes1[0], EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, callTimes2.size());
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'500'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, callTimes1.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, callTimes2.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.5, callTimes2[0], EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, MultipleDeadlinesTriggerWithOneLateTimeout) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    stime_t callTime1 = -1.0;
+    stime_t callTime2 = -1.0;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &copyTimeToVariable, &callTime1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'500'000'000, &copyTimeToVariable, &callTime2);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'510'000'000);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.51, callTime1, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.51, callTime2, EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, MultipleDeadlinesAtSameTimeTriggerTogether) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    stime_t callTime1 = -1.0;
+    stime_t callTime2 = -1.0;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &copyTimeToVariable, &callTime1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &copyTimeToVariable, &callTime2);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'000'000'000);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, callTime1, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, callTime2, EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, MultipleTimersTriggerCorrectly) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer1 = mProvider.createTimer();
+    GesturesTimer* timer2 = mProvider.createTimer();
+    std::vector<stime_t> callTimes1;
+    std::vector<stime_t> callTimes2;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(500'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'250'000'000)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'500'000'000)).Times(1);
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer1, 500'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer1, 1'250'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer1, 1'500'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer2, 750'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes2);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer2, 1'250'000'000, &pushTimeOntoVector, &callTimes2);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(800'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, callTimes1.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0.8, callTimes1[0], EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, callTimes2.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0.8, callTimes2[0], EPSILON);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'250'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, callTimes1.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.25, callTimes1[1], EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, callTimes2.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.25, callTimes2[1], EPSILON);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'501'000'000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(3u, callTimes1.size());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1.501, callTimes1[2], EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_EQ(2u, callTimes2.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, CancelledTimerDoesntTrigger) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    int numCalls = 0;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(500'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 500'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCalls);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCalls);
+    mProvider.cancelTimer(timer);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'100'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, numCalls);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, CancellingOneTimerDoesntAffectOthers) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer1 = mProvider.createTimer();
+    GesturesTimer* timer2 = mProvider.createTimer();
+    int numCalls1 = 0;
+    int numCalls2 = 0;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(500'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(1);
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer1, 500'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCalls1);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer2, 500'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCalls2);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer2, 1'000'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCalls2);
+    mProvider.cancelTimer(timer1);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(501'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, numCalls1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, numCalls2);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'000'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, numCalls1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, numCalls2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, CancellingOneTimerCausesNewTimeoutRequestForAnother) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer1 = mProvider.createTimer();
+    GesturesTimer* timer2 = mProvider.createTimer();
+    auto callback = [](stime_t, void*) { return NO_DEADLINE; };
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(500'000'000)).Times(AtLeast(1));
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer1, 500'000'000, callback, nullptr);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer2, 1'000'000'000, callback, nullptr);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(1);
+    mProvider.cancelTimer(timer1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, CancelledTimerCanBeReused) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    int numCallsBeforeCancellation = 0;
+    int numCallsAfterCancellation = 0;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(500'000'000)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockContext, requestTimeoutAtTime(1'000'000'000)).Times(1);
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 500'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCallsBeforeCancellation);
+    mProvider.cancelTimer(timer);
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCallsAfterCancellation);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'000'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, numCallsBeforeCancellation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, numCallsAfterCancellation);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TimerProviderTest, FreeingTimerCancelsFirst) {
+    GesturesTimer* timer = mProvider.createTimer();
+    int numCalls = 0;
+
+    mProvider.setDeadline(timer, 1'000'000'000, &incrementInt, &numCalls);
+    mProvider.freeTimer(timer);
+
+    triggerCallbacksWithFakeTime(1'000'000'000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, numCalls);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 70ccaf8..252ba8e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -208,12 +208,12 @@
     return mPowerMode && *mPowerMode != hal::PowerMode::OFF;
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::setActiveMode(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps) {
-    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSTrace.c_str(), displayFps.getIntValue());
+void DisplayDevice::setActiveMode(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps) {
+    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSTrace.c_str(), vsyncRate.getIntValue());
     ATRACE_INT(mRenderFrameRateFPSTrace.c_str(), renderFps.getIntValue());
 
     mRefreshRateSelector->setActiveMode(modeId, renderFps);
-    updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(displayFps, renderFps);
+    updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(vsyncRate, renderFps);
 }
 
 status_t DisplayDevice::initiateModeChange(const ActiveModeInfo& info,
@@ -230,14 +230,14 @@
     mIsModeSetPending = true;
 
     const auto& pendingMode = *info.modeOpt->modePtr;
-    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSHwcTrace.c_str(), pendingMode.getFps().getIntValue());
+    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSHwcTrace.c_str(), pendingMode.getVsyncRate().getIntValue());
 
     return mHwComposer.setActiveModeWithConstraints(getPhysicalId(), pendingMode.getHwcId(),
                                                     constraints, outTimeline);
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::finalizeModeChange(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps) {
-    setActiveMode(modeId, displayFps, renderFps);
+void DisplayDevice::finalizeModeChange(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps) {
+    setActiveMode(modeId, vsyncRate, renderFps);
     mIsModeSetPending = false;
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
         return vsyncPeriod;
     }
 
-    return refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncPeriod();
+    return refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs();
 }
 
 ui::Dataspace DisplayDevice::getCompositionDataSpace() const {
@@ -466,17 +466,19 @@
         features |= RefreshRateOverlay::Features::SetByHwc;
     }
 
+    // TODO(b/296636258) Update to use the render rate range in VRR mode.
     const auto fpsRange = mRefreshRateSelector->getSupportedRefreshRateRange();
     mRefreshRateOverlay = std::make_unique<RefreshRateOverlay>(fpsRange, features);
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setLayerStack(getLayerStack());
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setViewport(getSize());
-    updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps(), getActiveMode().fps, setByHwc);
+    updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate(), getActiveMode().fps,
+                                 setByHwc);
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc) {
+void DisplayDevice::updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay && (!mRefreshRateOverlay->isSetByHwc() || setByHwc)) {
-        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(displayFps, renderFps);
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(vsyncRate, renderFps);
     }
 }
 
@@ -486,7 +488,7 @@
         const auto newMode =
                 mRefreshRateSelector->onKernelTimerChanged(desiredModeId, timerExpired);
         if (newMode) {
-            updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(newMode->modePtr->getFps(), newMode->fps);
+            updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(newMode->modePtr->getVsyncRate(), newMode->fps);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -541,14 +543,14 @@
             return DesiredActiveModeAction::None;
         }
 
-        setActiveMode(desiredMode.getId(), desiredMode.getFps(), info.modeOpt->fps);
+        setActiveMode(desiredMode.getId(), desiredMode.getVsyncRate(), info.modeOpt->fps);
         return DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateRenderRateSwitch;
     }
 
     // Set the render frame rate to the current physical refresh rate to schedule the next
     // frame as soon as possible.
-    setActiveMode(currentMode.modePtr->getId(), currentMode.modePtr->getFps(),
-                  currentMode.modePtr->getFps());
+    setActiveMode(currentMode.modePtr->getId(), currentMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate(),
+                  currentMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate());
 
     // Initiate a mode change.
     mDesiredActiveModeChanged = true;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index a3fa701..a044534 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -224,14 +224,14 @@
         return mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode();
     }
 
-    void setActiveMode(DisplayModeId, Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps);
+    void setActiveMode(DisplayModeId, Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps);
 
     status_t initiateModeChange(const ActiveModeInfo&,
                                 const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& constraints,
                                 hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline)
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    void finalizeModeChange(DisplayModeId, Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps)
+    void finalizeModeChange(DisplayModeId, Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps)
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     scheduler::RefreshRateSelector& refreshRateSelector() const { return *mRefreshRateSelector; }
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
     // Enables an overlay to be displayed with the current refresh rate
     void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool setByHwc, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate,
                                   bool showInMiddle) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
-    void updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc = false);
+    void updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc = false);
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const { return mRefreshRateOverlay != nullptr; }
     bool onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId>, bool timerExpired);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
index 1810925..422513b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
 #include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
 
+#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 namespace hal = android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal;
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@
 
 using DisplayModes = ftl::SmallMap<DisplayModeId, DisplayModePtr, 3>;
 using DisplayModeIterator = DisplayModes::const_iterator;
+using namespace com::android::graphics::surfaceflinger;
 
 class DisplayMode {
 public:
@@ -76,7 +79,12 @@
         }
 
         Builder& setVsyncPeriod(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
-            mDisplayMode->mFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(vsyncPeriod);
+            mDisplayMode->mVsyncRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(vsyncPeriod);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Builder& setVrrConfig(std::optional<hal::VrrConfig> vrrConfig) {
+            mDisplayMode->mVrrConfig = std::move(vrrConfig);
             return *this;
         }
 
@@ -130,8 +138,17 @@
     int32_t getWidth() const { return mResolution.getWidth(); }
     int32_t getHeight() const { return mResolution.getHeight(); }
 
-    Fps getFps() const { return mFps; }
-    nsecs_t getVsyncPeriod() const { return mFps.getPeriodNsecs(); }
+    // Peak refresh rate represents the highest refresh rate that can be used
+    // for the presentation.
+    Fps getPeakFps() const {
+        return flags::vrr_config() && mVrrConfig
+                ? Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mVrrConfig->minFrameIntervalNs)
+                : mVsyncRate;
+    }
+
+    Fps getVsyncRate() const { return mVsyncRate; }
+
+    std::optional<hal::VrrConfig> getVrrConfig() const { return mVrrConfig; }
 
     struct Dpi {
         float x = -1;
@@ -155,23 +172,25 @@
     PhysicalDisplayId mPhysicalDisplayId;
 
     ui::Size mResolution;
-    Fps mFps;
+    Fps mVsyncRate;
     Dpi mDpi;
     int32_t mGroup = -1;
+    std::optional<hal::VrrConfig> mVrrConfig;
 };
 
 inline bool equalsExceptDisplayModeId(const DisplayMode& lhs, const DisplayMode& rhs) {
     return lhs.getHwcId() == rhs.getHwcId() && lhs.getResolution() == rhs.getResolution() &&
-            lhs.getVsyncPeriod() == rhs.getVsyncPeriod() && lhs.getDpi() == rhs.getDpi() &&
-            lhs.getGroup() == rhs.getGroup();
+            lhs.getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs() == rhs.getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs() &&
+            lhs.getDpi() == rhs.getDpi() && lhs.getGroup() == rhs.getGroup();
 }
 
 inline std::string to_string(const DisplayMode& mode) {
-    return base::StringPrintf("{id=%d, hwcId=%d, resolution=%dx%d, refreshRate=%s, "
-                              "dpi=%.2fx%.2f, group=%d}",
+    return base::StringPrintf("{id=%d, hwcId=%d, resolution=%dx%d, vsyncRate=%s, "
+                              "dpi=%.2fx%.2f, group=%d, vrrConfig=%s}",
                               mode.getId().value(), mode.getHwcId(), mode.getWidth(),
-                              mode.getHeight(), to_string(mode.getFps()).c_str(), mode.getDpi().x,
-                              mode.getDpi().y, mode.getGroup());
+                              mode.getHeight(), to_string(mode.getVsyncRate()).c_str(),
+                              mode.getDpi().x, mode.getDpi().y, mode.getGroup(),
+                              to_string(mode.getVrrConfig()).c_str());
 }
 
 template <typename... DisplayModePtrs>
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index a9bb928..812621f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -285,13 +285,12 @@
     std::vector<HWCDisplayMode> modes;
     modes.reserve(configs.size());
     for (auto config : configs) {
-        auto hwcMode = HWCDisplayMode{
-                .hwcId = static_cast<hal::HWConfigId>(config.configId),
-                .width = config.width,
-                .height = config.height,
-                .vsyncPeriod = config.vsyncPeriod,
-                .configGroup = config.configGroup,
-        };
+        auto hwcMode = HWCDisplayMode{.hwcId = static_cast<hal::HWConfigId>(config.configId),
+                                      .width = config.width,
+                                      .height = config.height,
+                                      .vsyncPeriod = config.vsyncPeriod,
+                                      .configGroup = config.configGroup,
+                                      .vrrConfig = config.vrrConfig};
 
         if (config.dpi) {
             hwcMode.dpiX = config.dpi->x;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index 86f3825..b4d3d28 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -102,11 +102,13 @@
         float dpiX = -1.f;
         float dpiY = -1.f;
         int32_t configGroup = -1;
+        std::optional<hal::VrrConfig> vrrConfig;
 
         friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const HWCDisplayMode& mode) {
             return os << "id=" << mode.hwcId << " res=" << mode.width << "x" << mode.height
                       << " vsyncPeriod=" << mode.vsyncPeriod << " dpi=" << mode.dpiX << "x"
-                      << mode.dpiY << " group=" << mode.configGroup;
+                      << mode.dpiY << " group=" << mode.configGroup
+                      << " vrrConfig=" << to_string(mode.vrrConfig).c_str();
         }
     };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h
index e95ae89..20f7548 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCapability.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConfiguration.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VrrConfig.h>
 
 #define ERROR_HAS_CHANGES 5
 
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@
 using VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints = IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints;
 using Hdr = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr;
 using DisplayConfiguration = V3_0::DisplayConfiguration;
+using VrrConfig = V3_0::VrrConfig;
 
 } // namespace hardware::graphics::composer::hal
 
@@ -148,6 +150,34 @@
     }
 }
 
+inline std::string to_string(
+        const std::optional<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VrrConfig>& vrrConfig) {
+    if (vrrConfig) {
+        std::ostringstream out;
+        out << "{minFrameIntervalNs=" << vrrConfig->minFrameIntervalNs << ", ";
+        out << "frameIntervalPowerHints={";
+        if (vrrConfig->frameIntervalPowerHints) {
+            const auto& powerHint = *vrrConfig->frameIntervalPowerHints;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < powerHint.size(); i++) {
+                if (i > 0) out << ", ";
+                out << "[frameIntervalNs=" << powerHint[i]->frameIntervalNs
+                    << ", averageRefreshPeriodNs=" << powerHint[i]->averageRefreshPeriodNs << "]";
+            }
+        }
+        out << "}, ";
+        out << "notifyExpectedPresentConfig={";
+        if (vrrConfig->notifyExpectedPresentConfig) {
+            out << "notifyExpectedPresentHeadsUpNs="
+                << vrrConfig->notifyExpectedPresentConfig->notifyExpectedPresentHeadsUpNs
+                << ", notifyExpectedPresentTimeoutNs="
+                << vrrConfig->notifyExpectedPresentConfig->notifyExpectedPresentTimeoutNs;
+        }
+        out << "}}";
+        return out.str();
+    }
+    return "N/A";
+}
+
 inline std::string to_string(hardware::graphics::composer::hal::V2_4::Error error) {
     // 5 is reserved for historical reason, during validation 5 means has changes.
     if (ERROR_HAS_CHANGES == static_cast<int32_t>(error)) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 2bbfa42..2684000 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -3092,6 +3092,32 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void Layer::releasePreviousBuffer() {
+    mReleasePreviousBuffer = true;
+    if (!mBufferInfo.mBuffer ||
+        (!mDrawingState.buffer->hasSameBuffer(*mBufferInfo.mBuffer) ||
+         mDrawingState.frameNumber != mBufferInfo.mFrameNumber)) {
+        // If mDrawingState has a buffer, and we are about to update again
+        // before swapping to drawing state, then the first buffer will be
+        // dropped and we should decrement the pending buffer count and
+        // call any release buffer callbacks if set.
+        callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
+                                  mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.frameNumber,
+                                  mDrawingState.acquireFence);
+        decrementPendingBufferCount();
+        if (mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX != nullptr &&
+            mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX->getPresentState() != PresentState::Presented) {
+            addSurfaceFrameDroppedForBuffer(mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX, systemTime());
+            mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX.reset();
+        }
+    } else if (EARLY_RELEASE_ENABLED && mLastClientCompositionFence != nullptr) {
+        callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
+                                  mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.frameNumber,
+                                  mLastClientCompositionFence);
+        mLastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
 void Layer::resetDrawingStateBufferInfo() {
     mDrawingState.producerId = 0;
     mDrawingState.frameNumber = 0;
@@ -3116,29 +3142,7 @@
     ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("setBuffer %s - %" PRIu64, getDebugName(), frameNumber);
 
     if (mDrawingState.buffer) {
-        mReleasePreviousBuffer = true;
-        if (!mBufferInfo.mBuffer ||
-            (!mDrawingState.buffer->hasSameBuffer(*mBufferInfo.mBuffer) ||
-             mDrawingState.frameNumber != mBufferInfo.mFrameNumber)) {
-            // If mDrawingState has a buffer, and we are about to update again
-            // before swapping to drawing state, then the first buffer will be
-            // dropped and we should decrement the pending buffer count and
-            // call any release buffer callbacks if set.
-            callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
-                                      mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.frameNumber,
-                                      mDrawingState.acquireFence);
-            decrementPendingBufferCount();
-            if (mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX != nullptr &&
-                mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX->getPresentState() != PresentState::Presented) {
-                addSurfaceFrameDroppedForBuffer(mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX, systemTime());
-                mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX.reset();
-            }
-        } else if (EARLY_RELEASE_ENABLED && mLastClientCompositionFence != nullptr) {
-            callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
-                                      mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.frameNumber,
-                                      mLastClientCompositionFence);
-            mLastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
-        }
+        releasePreviousBuffer();
     } else if (buffer) {
         // if we are latching a buffer for the first time then clear the mLastLatchTime since
         // we don't want to incorrectly classify a frame if we miss the desired present time.
@@ -3156,6 +3160,12 @@
         mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX = nullptr;
         setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(info, postTime);
         return true;
+    } else {
+        // release sideband stream if it exists and a non null buffer is being set
+        if (mDrawingState.sidebandStream != nullptr) {
+            mFlinger->mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->decrementTunnelModeCount();
+            mDrawingState.sidebandStream = nullptr;
+        }
     }
 
     if ((mDrawingState.producerId > bufferData.producerId) ||
@@ -3344,7 +3354,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool Layer::setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& sidebandStream) {
+bool Layer::setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& sidebandStream, const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
+                              nsecs_t postTime) {
     if (mDrawingState.sidebandStream == sidebandStream) return false;
 
     if (mDrawingState.sidebandStream != nullptr && sidebandStream == nullptr) {
@@ -3355,6 +3366,12 @@
 
     mDrawingState.sidebandStream = sidebandStream;
     mDrawingState.modified = true;
+    if (sidebandStream != nullptr && mDrawingState.buffer != nullptr) {
+        releasePreviousBuffer();
+        resetDrawingStateBufferInfo();
+        mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX = nullptr;
+        setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(info, postTime);
+    }
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     if (!mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(true)) {
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was false
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index dc4ceb0..0b0cef5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -317,7 +317,8 @@
     bool setHdrMetadata(const HdrMetadata& /*hdrMetadata*/);
     bool setSurfaceDamageRegion(const Region& /*surfaceDamage*/);
     bool setApi(int32_t /*api*/);
-    bool setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& /*sidebandStream*/);
+    bool setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& /*sidebandStream*/,
+                           const FrameTimelineInfo& /* info*/, nsecs_t /* postTime */);
     bool setTransactionCompletedListeners(const std::vector<sp<CallbackHandle>>& /*handles*/,
                                           bool willPresent);
     virtual bool setBackgroundColor(const half3& color, float alpha, ui::Dataspace dataspace)
@@ -1204,6 +1205,7 @@
     half4 mBorderColor;
 
     void setTransformHintLegacy(ui::Transform::RotationFlags);
+    void releasePreviousBuffer();
     void resetDrawingStateBufferInfo();
 
     // Transform hint provided to the producer. This must be accessed holding
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index 577211f..e918dc9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-auto RefreshRateOverlay::draw(int displayFps, int renderFps, SkColor color,
+auto RefreshRateOverlay::draw(int vsyncRate, int renderFps, SkColor color,
                               ui::Transform::RotationFlags rotation, ftl::Flags<Features> features)
         -> Buffers {
     const size_t loopCount = features.test(Features::Spinner) ? 6 : 1;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
         canvas->setMatrix(canvasTransform);
 
         int left = 0;
-        drawNumber(displayFps, left, color, *canvas);
+        drawNumber(vsyncRate, left, color, *canvas);
         left += 3 * (kDigitWidth + kDigitSpace);
         if (features.test(Features::Spinner)) {
             switch (i) {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
             .apply();
 }
 
-auto RefreshRateOverlay::getOrCreateBuffers(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps) -> const Buffers& {
+auto RefreshRateOverlay::getOrCreateBuffers(Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps) -> const Buffers& {
     static const Buffers kNoBuffers;
     if (!mSurfaceControl) return kNoBuffers;
 
@@ -180,16 +180,16 @@
     createTransaction().setTransform(mSurfaceControl->get(), transform).apply();
 
     BufferCache::const_iterator it =
-            mBufferCache.find({displayFps.getIntValue(), renderFps.getIntValue(), transformHint});
+            mBufferCache.find({vsyncRate.getIntValue(), renderFps.getIntValue(), transformHint});
     if (it == mBufferCache.end()) {
         // HWC minFps is not known by the framework in order
         // to consider lower rates we set minFps to 0.
         const int minFps = isSetByHwc() ? 0 : mFpsRange.min.getIntValue();
         const int maxFps = mFpsRange.max.getIntValue();
 
-        // Clamp to the range. The current displayFps may be outside of this range if the display
+        // Clamp to the range. The current vsyncRate may be outside of this range if the display
         // has changed its set of supported refresh rates.
-        const int displayIntFps = std::clamp(displayFps.getIntValue(), minFps, maxFps);
+        const int displayIntFps = std::clamp(vsyncRate.getIntValue(), minFps, maxFps);
         const int renderIntFps = renderFps.getIntValue();
 
         // Ensure non-zero range to avoid division by zero.
@@ -242,17 +242,17 @@
     createTransaction().setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl->get(), stack).apply();
 }
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRefreshRate(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps) {
-    mDisplayFps = displayFps;
+void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRefreshRate(Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps) {
+    mVsyncRate = vsyncRate;
     mRenderFps = renderFps;
-    const auto buffer = getOrCreateBuffers(displayFps, renderFps)[mFrame];
+    const auto buffer = getOrCreateBuffers(vsyncRate, renderFps)[mFrame];
     createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
 }
 
 void RefreshRateOverlay::animate() {
-    if (!mFeatures.test(Features::Spinner) || !mDisplayFps) return;
+    if (!mFeatures.test(Features::Spinner) || !mVsyncRate) return;
 
-    const auto& buffers = getOrCreateBuffers(*mDisplayFps, *mRenderFps);
+    const auto& buffers = getOrCreateBuffers(*mVsyncRate, *mRenderFps);
     mFrame = (mFrame + 1) % buffers.size();
     const auto buffer = buffers[mFrame];
     createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index 65c61cb..c0fc79b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 private:
     using Buffers = std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>;
 
-    static Buffers draw(int displayFps, int renderFps, SkColor, ui::Transform::RotationFlags,
+    static Buffers draw(int vsyncRate, int renderFps, SkColor, ui::Transform::RotationFlags,
                         ftl::Flags<Features>);
     static void drawNumber(int number, int left, SkColor, SkCanvas&);
 
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@
     SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction createTransaction() const;
 
     struct Key {
-        int displayFps;
+        int vsyncRate;
         int renderFps;
         ui::Transform::RotationFlags flags;
 
         bool operator==(Key other) const {
-            return displayFps == other.displayFps && renderFps == other.renderFps &&
+            return vsyncRate == other.vsyncRate && renderFps == other.renderFps &&
                     flags == other.flags;
         }
     };
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
     using BufferCache = ftl::SmallMap<Key, Buffers, 9>;
     BufferCache mBufferCache;
 
-    std::optional<Fps> mDisplayFps;
+    std::optional<Fps> mVsyncRate;
     std::optional<Fps> mRenderFps;
     size_t mFrame = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index be28e98..3ee6a4d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -39,12 +39,16 @@
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
 #include "RefreshRateSelector.h"
 
+#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "RefreshRateSelector"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 namespace {
 
+using namespace com::android::graphics::surfaceflinger;
+
 struct RefreshRateScore {
     FrameRateMode frameRateMode;
     float overallScore;
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@
 
     // Add all supported refresh rates.
     for (const auto& [id, mode] : modes) {
-        knownFrameRates.push_back(mode->getFps());
+        knownFrameRates.push_back(mode->getPeakFps());
     }
 
     // Sort and remove duplicates.
@@ -91,17 +95,17 @@
         const auto& mode1 = it1->second;
         const auto& mode2 = it2->second;
 
-        if (mode1->getVsyncPeriod() == mode2->getVsyncPeriod()) {
+        if (mode1->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs() == mode2->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs()) {
             return mode1->getGroup() > mode2->getGroup();
         }
 
-        return mode1->getVsyncPeriod() > mode2->getVsyncPeriod();
+        return mode1->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs() > mode2->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs();
     });
 
     return sortedModes;
 }
 
-std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> divisorRange(Fps fps, FpsRange range,
+std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> divisorRange(Fps vsyncRate, Fps peakFps, FpsRange range,
                                            RefreshRateSelector::Config::FrameRateOverride config) {
     if (config != RefreshRateSelector::Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
         return {1, 1};
@@ -109,8 +113,14 @@
 
     using fps_approx_ops::operator/;
     // use signed type as `fps / range.max` might be 0
-    const auto start = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(fps / range.max) - 1);
-    const auto end = fps /
+    auto start = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(peakFps / range.max) - 1);
+    if (flags::vrr_config()) {
+        start = std::max(1,
+                         static_cast<int>(vsyncRate /
+                                          std::min(range.max, peakFps, fps_approx_ops::operator<)) -
+                                 1);
+    }
+    const auto end = vsyncRate /
             std::max(range.min, RefreshRateSelector::kMinSupportedFrameRate,
                      fps_approx_ops::operator<);
 
@@ -123,7 +133,8 @@
         for (const auto it2 : sortedModes) {
             const auto& mode2 = it2->second;
 
-            if (RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(mode1->getFps(), mode2->getFps()) >= 2) {
+            if (RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(mode1->getPeakFps(),
+                                                         mode2->getPeakFps()) >= 2) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -176,10 +187,12 @@
         if (!filterModes(*mode)) {
             continue;
         }
+        const auto vsyncRate = mode->getVsyncRate();
+        const auto peakFps = mode->getPeakFps();
         const auto [start, end] =
-                divisorRange(mode->getFps(), renderRange, mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride);
+                divisorRange(vsyncRate, peakFps, renderRange, mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride);
         for (auto divisor = start; divisor <= end; divisor++) {
-            const auto fps = mode->getFps() / divisor;
+            const auto fps = vsyncRate / divisor;
             using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
             if (divisor > 1 && fps < kMinSupportedFrameRate) {
                 break;
@@ -199,28 +212,30 @@
             const auto [existingIter, emplaceHappened] =
                     ratesMap.try_emplace(Key{fps, mode->getGroup()}, it);
             if (emplaceHappened) {
-                ALOGV("%s: including %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(fps).c_str(),
-                      to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str());
+                ALOGV("%s: including %s (%s(%s))", __func__, to_string(fps).c_str(),
+                      to_string(peakFps).c_str(), to_string(vsyncRate).c_str());
             } else {
                 // If the primary physical range is a single rate, prefer to stay in that rate
                 // even if there is a lower physical refresh rate available. This would cause more
                 // cases to stay within the primary physical range
-                const Fps existingModeFps = existingIter->second->second->getFps();
+                const Fps existingModeFps = existingIter->second->second->getPeakFps();
                 const bool existingModeIsPrimaryRange = policy.primaryRangeIsSingleRate() &&
                         policy.primaryRanges.physical.includes(existingModeFps);
                 const bool newModeIsPrimaryRange = policy.primaryRangeIsSingleRate() &&
-                        policy.primaryRanges.physical.includes(mode->getFps());
+                        policy.primaryRanges.physical.includes(mode->getPeakFps());
                 if (newModeIsPrimaryRange == existingModeIsPrimaryRange) {
                     // We might need to update the map as we found a lower refresh rate
-                    if (isStrictlyLess(mode->getFps(), existingModeFps)) {
+                    if (isStrictlyLess(mode->getPeakFps(), existingModeFps)) {
                         existingIter->second = it;
-                        ALOGV("%s: changing %s (%s) as we found a lower physical rate", __func__,
-                              to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str());
+                        ALOGV("%s: changing %s (%s(%s)) as we found a lower physical rate",
+                              __func__, to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(peakFps).c_str(),
+                              to_string(vsyncRate).c_str());
                     }
                 } else if (newModeIsPrimaryRange) {
                     existingIter->second = it;
-                    ALOGV("%s: changing %s (%s) to stay in the primary range", __func__,
-                          to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str());
+                    ALOGV("%s: changing %s (%s(%s)) to stay in the primary range", __func__,
+                          to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(peakFps).c_str(),
+                          to_string(vsyncRate).c_str());
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -237,8 +252,8 @@
     const auto lowestRefreshRateIt =
             std::min_element(frameRateModes.begin(), frameRateModes.end(),
                              [](const FrameRateMode& lhs, const FrameRateMode& rhs) {
-                                 return isStrictlyLess(lhs.modePtr->getFps(),
-                                                       rhs.modePtr->getFps());
+                                 return isStrictlyLess(lhs.modePtr->getVsyncRate(),
+                                                       rhs.modePtr->getVsyncRate());
                              });
     frameRateModes.erase(frameRateModes.begin(), lowestRefreshRateIt);
 
@@ -623,7 +638,7 @@
             }
 
             const bool inPrimaryPhysicalRange =
-                    policy->primaryRanges.physical.includes(modePtr->getFps());
+                    policy->primaryRanges.physical.includes(modePtr->getPeakFps());
             const bool inPrimaryRenderRange = policy->primaryRanges.render.includes(fps);
             if (((policy->primaryRangeIsSingleRate() && !inPrimaryPhysicalRange) ||
                  !inPrimaryRenderRange) &&
@@ -664,21 +679,24 @@
                             Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold / 2);
             if (fixedSourceLayer && layerBelowThreshold) {
                 const bool modeAboveThreshold =
-                        modePtr->getFps() >= Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold);
+                        modePtr->getPeakFps() >= Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold);
                 if (modeAboveThreshold) {
-                    ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s) fixed source (above threshold) score of %.4f",
+                    ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s(%s)) fixed source (above threshold) score of %.4f",
                           formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(fps).c_str(),
-                          to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
+                          to_string(modePtr->getPeakFps()).c_str(),
+                          to_string(modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str(), layerScore);
                     fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeAboveThreshold += weightedLayerScore;
                 } else {
-                    ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s) fixed source (below threshold) score of %.4f",
+                    ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s(%s)) fixed source (below threshold) score of %.4f",
                           formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(fps).c_str(),
-                          to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
+                          to_string(modePtr->getPeakFps()).c_str(),
+                          to_string(modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str(), layerScore);
                     fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeBelowThreshold += weightedLayerScore;
                 }
             } else {
-                ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s) score of %.4f", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
-                      to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
+                ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s(%s)) score of %.4f", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
+                      to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(modePtr->getPeakFps()).c_str(),
+                      to_string(modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str(), layerScore);
                 overallScore += weightedLayerScore;
             }
         }
@@ -699,13 +717,14 @@
                                  [](RefreshRateScore max, RefreshRateScore current) {
                                      return current.overallScore > max.overallScore;
                                  });
-        ALOGV("%s (%s) is the best refresh rate without fixed source layers. It is %s the "
+        ALOGV("%s (%s(%s)) is the best refresh rate without fixed source layers. It is %s the "
               "threshold for "
               "refresh rate multiples",
               to_string(maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.fps).c_str(),
-              to_string(maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getPeakFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str(),
               maxScoreAboveThreshold ? "above" : "below");
-        return maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps() >=
+        return maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getPeakFps() >=
                 Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold);
     }();
 
@@ -715,8 +734,9 @@
         if (maxScoreAboveThreshold) {
             overallScore += fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeAboveThreshold;
         }
-        ALOGV("%s (%s) adjusted overallScore is %.4f", to_string(frameRateMode.fps).c_str(),
-              to_string(frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), overallScore);
+        ALOGV("%s (%s(%s)) adjusted overallScore is %.4f", to_string(frameRateMode.fps).c_str(),
+              to_string(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPeakFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str(), overallScore);
     }
 
     // Now that we scored all the refresh rates we need to pick the one that got the highest
@@ -842,6 +862,7 @@
 
     const auto* policyPtr = getCurrentPolicyLocked();
     // We don't want to run lower than 30fps
+    // TODO(b/297600226): revise this for dVRR
     const Fps minFrameRate = std::max(policyPtr->appRequestRanges.render.min, 30_Hz, isApproxLess);
 
     using fps_approx_ops::operator/;
@@ -933,7 +954,7 @@
     const auto current = [&]() REQUIRES(mLock) -> FrameRateMode {
         if (desiredActiveModeId) {
             const auto& modePtr = mDisplayModes.get(*desiredActiveModeId)->get();
-            return FrameRateMode{modePtr->getFps(), ftl::as_non_null(modePtr)};
+            return FrameRateMode{modePtr->getPeakFps(), ftl::as_non_null(modePtr)};
         }
 
         return getActiveModeLocked();
@@ -944,7 +965,7 @@
         return {};
     }
 
-    return timerExpired ? FrameRateMode{min->getFps(), ftl::as_non_null(min)} : current;
+    return timerExpired ? FrameRateMode{min->getPeakFps(), ftl::as_non_null(min)} : current;
 }
 
 const DisplayModePtr& RefreshRateSelector::getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked() const {
@@ -970,12 +991,12 @@
     bool maxByAnchorFound = false;
     for (auto it = mPrimaryFrameRates.rbegin(); it != mPrimaryFrameRates.rend(); ++it) {
         using namespace fps_approx_ops;
-        if (it->modePtr->getFps() > (*max)->getFps()) {
+        if (it->modePtr->getPeakFps() > (*max)->getPeakFps()) {
             max = &it->modePtr;
         }
 
         if (anchorGroup == it->modePtr->getGroup() &&
-            it->modePtr->getFps() >= (*maxByAnchor)->getFps()) {
+            it->modePtr->getPeakFps() >= (*maxByAnchor)->getPeakFps()) {
             maxByAnchorFound = true;
             maxByAnchor = &it->modePtr;
         }
@@ -1053,8 +1074,9 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        ALOGV("%s(%s) %s (%s) scored %.2f", whence, ftl::enum_string(refreshRateOrder).c_str(),
-              to_string(frameRateMode.fps).c_str(), to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), score);
+        ALOGV("%s(%s) %s (%s(%s)) scored %.2f", whence, ftl::enum_string(refreshRateOrder).c_str(),
+              to_string(frameRateMode.fps).c_str(), to_string(modePtr->getPeakFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str(), score);
         ranking.emplace_back(ScoredFrameRate{frameRateMode, score});
     };
 
@@ -1134,8 +1156,8 @@
     mDisplayModes = std::move(modes);
     const auto activeModeOpt = mDisplayModes.get(activeModeId);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!activeModeOpt);
-    mActiveModeOpt =
-            FrameRateMode{activeModeOpt->get()->getFps(), ftl::as_non_null(activeModeOpt->get())};
+    mActiveModeOpt = FrameRateMode{activeModeOpt->get()->getPeakFps(),
+                                   ftl::as_non_null(activeModeOpt->get())};
 
     const auto sortedModes = sortByRefreshRate(mDisplayModes);
     mMinRefreshRateModeIt = sortedModes.front();
@@ -1161,7 +1183,7 @@
     if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride ==
         Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates) {
         for (const auto& [_, mode] : mDisplayModes) {
-            mAppOverrideNativeRefreshRates.try_emplace(mode->getFps(), ftl::unit);
+            mAppOverrideNativeRefreshRates.try_emplace(mode->getPeakFps(), ftl::unit);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1171,7 +1193,7 @@
 bool RefreshRateSelector::isPolicyValidLocked(const Policy& policy) const {
     // defaultMode must be a valid mode, and within the given refresh rate range.
     if (const auto mode = mDisplayModes.get(policy.defaultMode)) {
-        if (!policy.primaryRanges.physical.includes(mode->get()->getFps())) {
+        if (!policy.primaryRanges.physical.includes(mode->get()->getPeakFps())) {
             ALOGE("Default mode is not in the primary range.");
             return false;
         }
@@ -1284,8 +1306,8 @@
             return mode.getResolution() == defaultMode->getResolution() &&
                     mode.getDpi() == defaultMode->getDpi() &&
                     (policy->allowGroupSwitching || mode.getGroup() == defaultMode->getGroup()) &&
-                    ranges.physical.includes(mode.getFps()) &&
-                    (supportsFrameRateOverride() || ranges.render.includes(mode.getFps()));
+                    ranges.physical.includes(mode.getPeakFps()) &&
+                    (supportsFrameRateOverride() || ranges.render.includes(mode.getPeakFps()));
         };
 
         auto frameRateModes = createFrameRateModes(*policy, filterModes, ranges.render);
@@ -1340,13 +1362,13 @@
 auto RefreshRateSelector::getIdleTimerAction() const -> KernelIdleTimerAction {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
-    const Fps deviceMinFps = mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second->getFps();
+    const Fps deviceMinFps = mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second->getPeakFps();
     const DisplayModePtr& minByPolicy = getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
 
     // Kernel idle timer will set the refresh rate to the device min. If DisplayManager says that
     // the min allowed refresh rate is higher than the device min, we do not want to enable the
     // timer.
-    if (isStrictlyLess(deviceMinFps, minByPolicy->getFps())) {
+    if (isStrictlyLess(deviceMinFps, minByPolicy->getPeakFps())) {
         return KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
index 73e1d38..9bcbc0e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
@@ -253,7 +253,8 @@
 
     FpsRange getSupportedRefreshRateRange() const EXCLUDES(mLock) {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return {mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second->getFps(), mMaxRefreshRateModeIt->second->getFps()};
+        return {mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second->getPeakFps(),
+                mMaxRefreshRateModeIt->second->getPeakFps()};
     }
 
     ftl::Optional<FrameRateMode> onKernelTimerChanged(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 27c96f7..595550b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
 
     if (display.schedulePtr->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(allowToEnable)) {
         if (!refreshRate) {
-            refreshRate = display.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+            refreshRate = display.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate();
         }
         if (refreshRate->isValid()) {
             constexpr bool kForce = false;
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
                         to_string(mode.fps).c_str(), to_string(renderFrameRate).c_str(), id.value);
 
     ALOGV("%s %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(mode.fps).c_str(),
-          to_string(mode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str());
+          to_string(mode.modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str());
 
     display.schedulePtr->getTracker().setRenderRate(renderFrameRate);
 }
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@
 
     // TODO(145561154): cleanup the kernel idle timer implementation and the refresh rate
     // magic number
-    const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+    const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPeakFps();
 
     constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER = 65_Hz;
     using namespace fps_approx_ops;
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@
 
         newVsyncSchedulePtr = pacesetter.schedulePtr;
 
-        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate();
         constexpr bool kForce = true;
         newVsyncSchedulePtr->startPeriodTransition(refreshRate.getPeriod(), kForce);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
index a24e43f..b6cb373 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
  */
 class WorkDuration : public VsyncConfiguration {
 public:
-    explicit WorkDuration(Fps currentRefrshRate);
+    explicit WorkDuration(Fps currentRefreshRate);
 
 protected:
     // Used for unit tests
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h
index db38ebe..59a6df2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
 };
 
 inline std::string to_string(const FrameRateMode& mode) {
-    return to_string(mode.fps) + " (" + to_string(mode.modePtr->getFps()) + ")";
+    return to_string(mode.fps) + " (" + to_string(mode.modePtr->getPeakFps()) + "(" +
+            to_string(mode.modePtr->getVsyncRate()) + "))";
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 9523fa53..312a412 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -497,6 +497,8 @@
     // Trunk-Stable flags
     mMiscFlagValue = flags::misc1();
     mConnectedDisplayFlagValue = flags::connected_display();
+    mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue = flags::late_boot_misc2();
+    mVrrConfigFlagValue = flags::vrr_config();
 }
 
 LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
@@ -740,6 +742,8 @@
     }));
 
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(flags::misc1() != mMiscFlagValue, "misc1 flag is not boot stable!");
+
+    mMisc2FlagLateBootValue = flags::late_boot_misc2();
 }
 
 static std::optional<renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType>
@@ -1040,8 +1044,8 @@
         outMode.xDpi = xDpi;
         outMode.yDpi = yDpi;
 
-        const nsecs_t period = mode->getVsyncPeriod();
-        outMode.refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(period).getValue();
+        const auto peakFps = mode->getPeakFps();
+        outMode.refreshRate = peakFps.getValue();
 
         const auto vsyncConfigSet =
                 mVsyncConfiguration->getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps::fromValue(outMode.refreshRate));
@@ -1061,7 +1065,7 @@
         //
         // We add an additional 1ms to allow for processing time and
         // differences between the ideal and actual refresh rate.
-        outMode.presentationDeadline = period - outMode.sfVsyncOffset + 1000000;
+        outMode.presentationDeadline = peakFps.getPeriodNsecs() - outMode.sfVsyncOffset + 1000000;
         excludeDolbyVisionIf4k30Present(display->getHdrCapabilities().getSupportedHdrTypes(),
                                         outMode);
         info->supportedDisplayModes.push_back(outMode);
@@ -1196,7 +1200,7 @@
             // Start receiving vsync samples now, so that we can detect a period
             // switch.
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(displayId, true /* allowToEnable */,
-                                              mode.modePtr->getFps());
+                                              mode.modePtr->getVsyncRate());
 
             // As we called to set period, we will call to onRefreshRateChangeCompleted once
             // VsyncController model is locked.
@@ -1250,7 +1254,7 @@
         const auto& snapshot = snapshotRef.get();
 
         const auto fpsOpt = snapshot.displayModes().get(modeId).transform(
-                [](const DisplayModePtr& mode) { return mode->getFps(); });
+                [](const DisplayModePtr& mode) { return mode->getPeakFps(); });
 
         if (!fpsOpt) {
             ALOGE("%s: Invalid mode %d for display %s", whence, modeId.value(),
@@ -1299,7 +1303,7 @@
     }
 
     const auto& activeMode = *upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt;
-    display.finalizeModeChange(activeMode.modePtr->getId(), activeMode.modePtr->getFps(),
+    display.finalizeModeChange(activeMode.modePtr->getId(), activeMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate(),
                                activeMode.fps);
 
     if (displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
@@ -1324,10 +1328,10 @@
     const auto desiredActiveMode = display->getDesiredActiveMode();
     const auto& modeOpt = desiredActiveMode->modeOpt;
     const auto displayId = modeOpt->modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
-    const auto displayFps = modeOpt->modePtr->getFps();
+    const auto vsyncRate = modeOpt->modePtr->getVsyncRate();
     const auto renderFps = modeOpt->fps;
     clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
-    mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(displayId, true /* allowToEnable */, displayFps);
+    mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(displayId, true /* allowToEnable */, vsyncRate);
     mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId, renderFps);
 
     if (displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
@@ -1368,7 +1372,7 @@
         }
 
         ALOGV("%s changing active mode to %d(%s) for display %s", __func__, desiredModeId.value(),
-              to_string(displayModePtrOpt->get()->getFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(displayModePtrOpt->get()->getVsyncRate()).c_str(),
               to_string(display->getId()).c_str());
 
         if (display->getActiveMode() == desiredActiveMode->modeOpt) {
@@ -3208,6 +3212,7 @@
                                      .setPhysicalDisplayId(displayId)
                                      .setResolution({hwcMode.width, hwcMode.height})
                                      .setVsyncPeriod(hwcMode.vsyncPeriod)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(hwcMode.vrrConfig)
                                      .setDpiX(hwcMode.dpiX)
                                      .setDpiY(hwcMode.dpiY)
                                      .setGroup(hwcMode.configGroup)
@@ -3431,7 +3436,7 @@
 
     if (const auto& physical = state.physical) {
         const auto& mode = *physical->activeMode;
-        display->setActiveMode(mode.getId(), mode.getFps(), mode.getFps());
+        display->setActiveMode(mode.getId(), mode.getVsyncRate(), mode.getVsyncRate());
     }
 
     display->setLayerFilter(makeLayerFilterForDisplay(display->getId(), state.layerStack));
@@ -5139,7 +5144,8 @@
         if (layer->setApi(s.api)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
-        if (layer->setSidebandStream(s.sidebandStream)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
+        if (layer->setSidebandStream(s.sidebandStream, frameTimelineInfo, postTime))
+            flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
         layer->setInputInfo(*s.windowInfoHandle->getInfo());
@@ -5390,7 +5396,8 @@
         if (layer->setCrop(s.crop)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
-        if (layer->setSidebandStream(s.sidebandStream)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
+        if (layer->setSidebandStream(s.sidebandStream, frameTimelineInfo, postTime))
+            flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eDataspaceChanged) {
         if (layer->setDataspace(s.dataspace)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
@@ -5681,7 +5688,7 @@
 
     display->setPowerMode(mode);
 
-    const auto refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+    const auto refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate();
     if (!currentModeOpt || *currentModeOpt == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
         // Turn on the display
 
@@ -6386,6 +6393,10 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "MiscFlagValue: %s\n", mMiscFlagValue ? "true" : "false");
     StringAppendF(&result, "ConnectedDisplayFlagValue: %s\n",
                   mConnectedDisplayFlagValue ? "true" : "false");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "Misc2FlagValue: %s (%s after boot)\n",
+                  mMisc2FlagLateBootValue ? "true" : "false",
+                  mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue == mMisc2FlagLateBootValue ? "stable" : "modified");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "VrrConfigFlagValue: %s\n", mVrrConfigFlagValue ? "true" : "false");
 
     getRenderEngine().dump(result);
 
@@ -6405,7 +6416,7 @@
         std::string fps, xDpi, yDpi;
         if (const auto activeModePtr =
                     display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr.get()) {
-            fps = to_string(activeModePtr->getFps());
+            fps = to_string(activeModePtr->getVsyncRate());
 
             const auto dpi = activeModePtr->getDpi();
             xDpi = base::StringPrintf("%.2f", dpi.x);
@@ -7968,7 +7979,7 @@
                 return snapshot.displayModes().get(defaultModeId);
             })
             .transform([](const DisplayModePtr& modePtr) {
-                return scheduler::FrameRateMode{modePtr->getFps(), ftl::as_non_null(modePtr)};
+                return scheduler::FrameRateMode{modePtr->getPeakFps(), ftl::as_non_null(modePtr)};
             });
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 8fa5de7..ef6b815 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -1455,6 +1455,9 @@
     // Trunk-Stable flags
     bool mMiscFlagValue;
     bool mConnectedDisplayFlagValue;
+    bool mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue;
+    bool mMisc2FlagLateBootValue;
+    bool mVrrConfigFlagValue;
 };
 
 class SurfaceComposerAIDL : public gui::BnSurfaceComposer {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
index 437fd35..c4077df 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
         }
 
         mRefreshRateSelector = std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateSelector>(modes, kModeId60);
-        const auto fps = mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+        const auto fps = mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate();
         mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(fps);
 
         mFlinger->mRefreshRateStats =
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
index 9f0bdde..39a7ee5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@
     native_handle_t* testHandle = native_handle_create(0, 1);
     const bool ownsHandle = mFdp.ConsumeBool();
     sp<NativeHandle> nativeHandle = sp<NativeHandle>::make(testHandle, ownsHandle);
-    layer->setSidebandStream(nativeHandle);
+    layer->setSidebandStream(nativeHandle, getFuzzedFrameTimelineInfo(),
+                             mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>() /* postTime */);
     layer->computeSourceBounds(getFuzzedFloatRect(&mFdp));
 
     layer->fenceHasSignaled();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
index 4d1a5ff..cbbfa16 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@
                                       PowerMode::OFF);
 
     const auto fpsOpt = displayModes.get(modeId).transform(
-            [](const DisplayModePtr& mode) { return mode->getFps(); });
+            [](const DisplayModePtr& mode) { return mode->getVsyncRate(); });
     refreshRateStats.setRefreshRate(*fpsOpt);
 
     refreshRateStats.setPowerMode(mFdp.PickValueInArray(kPowerModes));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
index f47ed45..bfc03aa 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
@@ -15,3 +15,18 @@
   bug: "278199093"
   is_fixed_read_only: true
 }
+
+flag{
+  name: "late_boot_misc2"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "This flag controls minor miscellaneous SurfaceFlinger changes. Cannot be read before boot finished!"
+  bug: "297389311"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "vrr_config"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "Controls SurfaceFlinger support for VRR Configurations"
+  bug: "284845445"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index 91c6239..9b46009 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(7))
                               .setVsyncPeriod(16666666)
                               .build();
-    const Fps fps = mode->getFps() / 2;
+    const Fps fps = mode->getPeakFps() / 2;
 
     mThread->onModeChanged({fps, ftl::as_non_null(mode)});
     expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, 7, fps.getPeriodNsecs());
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(5))
                               .setVsyncPeriod(16666666)
                               .build();
-    const Fps fps = mode->getFps() / 2;
+    const Fps fps = mode->getPeakFps() / 2;
 
     mThread->onModeChanged({fps, ftl::as_non_null(mode)});
     expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, 5, fps.getPeriodNsecs());
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(7))
                               .setVsyncPeriod(16666666)
                               .build();
-    const Fps fps = mode->getFps() / 2;
+    const Fps fps = mode->getPeakFps() / 2;
     mThread->onModeChanged({fps, ftl::as_non_null(mode)});
     expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(DISPLAY_ID_64BIT, 7, fps.getPeriodNsecs());
 }
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(9))
                               .setVsyncPeriod(16666666)
                               .build();
-    const Fps fps = mode->getFps() / 2;
+    const Fps fps = mode->getPeakFps() / 2;
 
     mThread->onModeChanged({fps, ftl::as_non_null(mode)});
     expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, 9, fps.getPeriodNsecs());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index 50c1626..264b172 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
 
 #include "libsurfaceflinger_unittest_main.h"
 
+#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+
+using namespace com::android::graphics::surfaceflinger;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@
 using SetPolicyResult = RefreshRateSelector::SetPolicyResult;
 
 using mock::createDisplayMode;
+using mock::createVrrDisplayMode;
 
 struct TestableRefreshRateSelector : RefreshRateSelector {
     using RefreshRateSelector::FrameRateRanking;
@@ -201,6 +205,19 @@
     static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode10 =
             ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId10, 10_Hz));
 
+    // VRR modes
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kVrrMode120TE240 = ftl::as_non_null(
+            createVrrDisplayMode(kModeId120, 240_Hz,
+                                 hal::VrrConfig{
+                                         .minFrameIntervalNs =
+                                                 static_cast<Fps>(120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs()}));
+
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kVrrMode60TE120 = ftl::as_non_null(
+            createVrrDisplayMode(kModeId60, 120_Hz,
+                                 hal::VrrConfig{.minFrameIntervalNs =
+                                                        static_cast<Fps>(60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs()},
+                                 /*group=*/1));
+
     // Test configurations.
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_60 = makeModes(kMode60);
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_35_60_90 = makeModes(kMode35, kMode60, kMode90);
@@ -225,6 +242,11 @@
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_1_5_10 = makeModes(kMode1, kMode5, kMode10);
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_60_90_120 = makeModes(kMode60, kMode90, kMode120);
 
+    // VRR display modes
+    static inline const DisplayModes kVrrMode_120 = makeModes(kVrrMode120TE240);
+    static inline const DisplayModes kVrrModes_60_120 =
+            makeModes(kVrrMode60TE120, kVrrMode120TE240);
+
     // This is a typical TV configuration.
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_24_25_30_50_60_Frac =
             makeModes(kMode24, kMode24Frac, kMode25, kMode30, kMode30Frac, kMode50, kMode60,
@@ -973,7 +995,8 @@
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
         const auto mode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers);
         EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, mode) << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses "
-                                 << to_string(mode->getFps());
+                                 << to_string(mode->getPeakFps()) << "("
+                                 << to_string(mode->getVsyncRate()) << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -988,7 +1011,8 @@
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
         const auto mode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers);
         EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, mode) << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses "
-                                 << to_string(mode->getFps());
+                                 << to_string(mode->getPeakFps()) << "("
+                                 << to_string(mode->getVsyncRate()) << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1029,7 +1053,8 @@
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
         const auto mode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {});
         EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mode) << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses "
-                                 << to_string(mode->getFps());
+                                 << to_string(mode->getPeakFps()) << "("
+                                 << to_string(mode->getVsyncRate()) << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1146,9 +1171,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1175,9 +1200,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1207,9 +1232,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1239,9 +1264,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1267,9 +1292,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     std::tie(refreshRates, signals) =
@@ -1281,9 +1306,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
@@ -1301,9 +1326,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     std::tie(refreshRates, signals) =
@@ -1326,9 +1351,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1434,7 +1459,7 @@
             layers[1].frameRateCategory = testCase.frameRateCategory;
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps())
+        EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getPeakFps())
                 << "did not get expected frame rate for " << lr.name;
     }
 }
@@ -1491,7 +1516,7 @@
             layers[1].frameRateCategory = testCase.frameRateCategory;
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps())
+        EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getPeakFps())
                 << "did not get expected frame rate for " << lr.name;
     }
 }
@@ -1529,9 +1554,10 @@
         ss << "ExplicitDefault " << desired;
         lr.name = ss.str();
 
-        const auto bestFps = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps();
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, bestFps)
-                << "expected " << expected << " for " << desired << " but got " << bestFps;
+        const auto bestMode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers);
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected, bestMode->getPeakFps())
+                << "expected " << expected << " for " << desired << " but got "
+                << bestMode->getPeakFps() << "(" << bestMode->getVsyncRate() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -1608,7 +1634,7 @@
             ss << "ExplicitExact " << desired;
             lr.name = ss.str();
 
-            EXPECT_EQ(lr.desiredRefreshRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps());
+            EXPECT_EQ(lr.desiredRefreshRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getPeakFps());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1713,9 +1739,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
@@ -1755,9 +1781,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
@@ -1795,9 +1821,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
@@ -1838,9 +1864,9 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
                 << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")"
                 << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
-                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getVsyncRate().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
@@ -2485,7 +2511,8 @@
     const auto testRefreshRate = [&](Fps fps, LayerVoteType vote) {
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
         layers[0].vote = vote;
-        EXPECT_EQ(fps.getIntValue(), selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps().getIntValue())
+        EXPECT_EQ(fps.getIntValue(),
+                  selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getPeakFps().getIntValue())
                 << "Failed for " << ftl::enum_string(vote);
     };
 
@@ -2524,13 +2551,13 @@
             },
     };
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(53_Hz, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, globalSignals)->getFps());
+    EXPECT_EQ(53_Hz, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, globalSignals)->getPeakFps());
 }
 
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, modeComparison) {
-    EXPECT_LT(kMode60->getFps(), kMode90->getFps());
-    EXPECT_GE(kMode60->getFps(), kMode60->getFps());
-    EXPECT_GE(kMode90->getFps(), kMode90->getFps());
+    EXPECT_LT(kMode60->getPeakFps(), kMode90->getPeakFps());
+    EXPECT_GE(kMode60->getPeakFps(), kMode60->getPeakFps());
+    EXPECT_GE(kMode90->getPeakFps(), kMode90->getPeakFps());
 }
 
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testKernelIdleTimerAction) {
@@ -2579,27 +2606,27 @@
     auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId30);
 
     const auto frameRate = 30_Hz;
-    Fps displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
+    Fps displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getPeakFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(1, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
     selector.setActiveMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz);
-    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
+    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getPeakFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(2, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
     selector.setActiveMode(kModeId72, 72_Hz);
-    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
+    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getPeakFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
     selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
-    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
+    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getPeakFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(3, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
     selector.setActiveMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz);
-    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
+    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getPeakFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
     selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
-    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
+    displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getPeakFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, 22.5_Hz));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(24_Hz, 25_Hz));
@@ -3029,7 +3056,7 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
         const auto [expectedRenderRate, expectedRefreshRate] = expected[i];
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedRenderRate, primaryRefreshRates[i].fps);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRate, primaryRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps());
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRate, primaryRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getPeakFps());
     }
 }
 
@@ -3175,6 +3202,7 @@
 }
 
 // TODO(b/266481656): Once this bug is fixed, we can remove this test
+// And test for VRR when we remove this work around for VRR.
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, noLowerFrameRateOnMinVote) {
     auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
@@ -3304,5 +3332,187 @@
     EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
 }
 
+// VRR tests
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, singleMinMaxRateForVrr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled || !flags::vrr_config()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrMode_120, kModeId120);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.supportsFrameRateOverride());
+
+    const auto minRate = selector.getMinSupportedRefreshRate();
+    const auto performanceRate = selector.getMaxSupportedRefreshRate();
+    const auto minRateByPolicy = selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy();
+    const auto performanceRateByPolicy = selector.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVrrMode120TE240, minRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVrrMode120TE240, performanceRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVrrMode120TE240, minRateByPolicy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVrrMode120TE240, performanceRateByPolicy);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, renderRateChangesWithPolicyChangeForVrr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled || !flags::vrr_config()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrModes_60_120, kModeId120);
+
+    const FpsRange only120 = {120_Hz, 120_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, only120}, {only120, only120}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 120_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    const FpsRange range120 = {0_Hz, 120_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range120}, {only120, range120}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 120_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    const FpsRange range90 = {0_Hz, 90_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range90}, {only120, range90}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 80_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    const FpsRange range80 = {0_Hz, 80_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range80}, {only120, range80}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 80_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    const FpsRange range60 = {0_Hz, 60_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range60}, {only120, range60}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 60_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    const FpsRange range48 = {0_Hz, 48_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range48}, {only120, range48}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 48_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    const FpsRange range30 = {0_Hz, 30_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range30}, {only120, range30}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 30_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, modeChangesWithPolicyChangeForVrr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled || !flags::vrr_config()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrModes_60_120, kModeId120);
+
+    const FpsRange range120 = {0_Hz, 120_Hz};
+    const FpsRange range60 = {0_Hz, 60_Hz};
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {range120, range60}, {range120, range60}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 60_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId60, {range60, range60}, {range60, range60}}));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode60TE120, 60_Hz,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate({}).frameRateMode);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverridesForVrr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled || !flags::vrr_config()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrMode_120, kModeId120);
+    // TODO(b/297600226) Run at lower than 30 Fps for dVRR
+    const std::vector<Fps> desiredRefreshRates = {30_Hz, 34.285_Hz, 40_Hz, 48_Hz,
+                                                  60_Hz, 80_Hz,     120_Hz};
+    const std::vector<LayerVoteType> layerVotes = {LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault,
+                                                   LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
+                                                   LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact};
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    layers[0].name = "Test layer";
+    layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
+
+    for (auto desiredRefreshRate : desiredRefreshRates) {
+        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = desiredRefreshRate;
+        for (auto vote : layerVotes) {
+            layers[0].vote = vote;
+            auto frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 240_Hz, {});
+            EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
+            ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
+            EXPECT_EQ(desiredRefreshRate, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, renderFrameRatesForVrr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled || !flags::vrr_config()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrMode_120, kModeId120);
+    const FpsRange only120 = {120_Hz, 120_Hz};
+    const FpsRange range120 = {0_Hz, 120_Hz};
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {only120, range120}, {only120, range120}}));
+
+    std::vector<Fps> expected = {20_Hz, 21.818_Hz, 24_Hz, 26.666_Hz, 30_Hz, 34.285_Hz,
+                                 40_Hz, 48_Hz,     60_Hz, 80_Hz,     120_Hz};
+
+    auto primaryRefreshRates = selector.getPrimaryFrameRates();
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected.size(), primaryRefreshRates.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected[i], primaryRefreshRates[i].fps);
+        EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, primaryRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getPeakFps());
+    }
+
+    // Render range (0,90)
+    const FpsRange range90 = {0_Hz, 90_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {range120, range90}, {range120, range90}}));
+
+    expected = {20_Hz, 21.818_Hz, 24_Hz, 26.666_Hz, 30_Hz, 34.285_Hz, 40_Hz, 48_Hz, 60_Hz, 80_Hz};
+
+    primaryRefreshRates = selector.getPrimaryFrameRates();
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected.size(), primaryRefreshRates.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected[i], primaryRefreshRates[i].fps);
+        EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, primaryRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getPeakFps());
+    }
+
+    // Render range (0,60)
+    const FpsRange range60 = {0_Hz, 60_Hz};
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {kModeId120, {range120, range60}, {range120, range60}}));
+    expected = {20_Hz, 21.818_Hz, 24_Hz, 26.666_Hz, 30_Hz, 34.285_Hz, 40_Hz, 48_Hz, 60_Hz};
+
+    primaryRefreshRates = selector.getPrimaryFrameRates();
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected.size(), primaryRefreshRates.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected[i], primaryRefreshRates[i].fps);
+        EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, primaryRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getPeakFps());
+    }
+}
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 8458aa3..908c9ab 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@
 
                 const auto activeMode = modes.get(activeModeId);
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!activeMode);
-                const auto fps = activeMode->get()->getFps();
+                const auto fps = activeMode->get()->getPeakFps();
 
                 state.physical = {.id = physicalId,
                                   .hwcDisplayId = *mHwcDisplayId,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
index 108151e..1cf14ae 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
     sp<NativeHandle> stream =
             NativeHandle::create(reinterpret_cast<native_handle_t*>(DEFAULT_SIDEBAND_STREAM),
                                  false);
-    layer->setSidebandStream(stream);
+    layer->setSidebandStream(stream, FrameTimelineInfo{}, 20);
     mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.add(layer);
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->addListener(mTunnelModeEnabledListener);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
     sp<NativeHandle> stream =
             NativeHandle::create(reinterpret_cast<native_handle_t*>(DEFAULT_SIDEBAND_STREAM),
                                  false);
-    layerWithSidebandStream->setSidebandStream(stream);
+    layerWithSidebandStream->setSidebandStream(stream, FrameTimelineInfo{}, 20);
 
     mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.add(simpleLayer);
     mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.add(layerWithSidebandStream);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h
index 3b36361..cb05c00 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h
@@ -20,17 +20,23 @@
 
 namespace android::mock {
 
-inline DisplayModePtr createDisplayMode(
-        DisplayModeId modeId, Fps refreshRate, int32_t group = 0,
+inline DisplayMode::Builder createDisplayModeBuilder(
+        DisplayModeId modeId, Fps displayRefreshRate, int32_t group = 0,
         ui::Size resolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080),
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0)) {
     return DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(modeId.value()))
             .setId(modeId)
             .setPhysicalDisplayId(displayId)
-            .setVsyncPeriod(refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs())
+            .setVsyncPeriod(displayRefreshRate.getPeriodNsecs())
             .setGroup(group)
-            .setResolution(resolution)
-            .build();
+            .setResolution(resolution);
+}
+
+inline DisplayModePtr createDisplayMode(
+        DisplayModeId modeId, Fps refreshRate, int32_t group = 0,
+        ui::Size resolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080),
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0)) {
+    return createDisplayModeBuilder(modeId, refreshRate, group, resolution, displayId).build();
 }
 
 inline DisplayModePtr createDisplayMode(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, DisplayModeId modeId,
@@ -38,11 +44,19 @@
     return createDisplayMode(modeId, refreshRate, {}, {}, displayId);
 }
 
+inline DisplayModePtr createVrrDisplayMode(
+        DisplayModeId modeId, Fps displayRefreshRate, hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig, int32_t group = 0,
+        ui::Size resolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080),
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0)) {
+    return createDisplayModeBuilder(modeId, displayRefreshRate, group, resolution, displayId)
+            .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+            .build();
+}
 inline DisplayModePtr cloneForDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, const DisplayModePtr& modePtr) {
     return DisplayMode::Builder(modePtr->getHwcId())
             .setId(modePtr->getId())
             .setPhysicalDisplayId(displayId)
-            .setVsyncPeriod(modePtr->getVsyncPeriod())
+            .setVsyncPeriod(modePtr->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs())
             .setGroup(modePtr->getGroup())
             .setResolution(modePtr->getResolution())
             .build();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h
index 4cfdd58..bfcdd9b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
 
 // Use a C style macro to keep the line numbers printed in gtest
-#define EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(_modePtr, _fps, _mode)                                \
-    EXPECT_EQ((scheduler::FrameRateMode{(_fps), (_modePtr)}), (_mode))               \
-            << "Expected " << (_fps) << " (" << (_modePtr)->getFps() << ") but was " \
-            << (_mode).fps << " (" << (_mode).modePtr->getFps() << ")"
+#define EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(_modePtr, _fps, _mode)                                      \
+    EXPECT_EQ((scheduler::FrameRateMode{(_fps), (_modePtr)}), (_mode))                     \
+            << "Expected " << (_fps) << " (" << (_modePtr)->getVsyncRate() << ") but was " \
+            << (_mode).fps << " (" << (_mode).modePtr->getVsyncRate() << ")"
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index 7159d83..c5870d4 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -1565,22 +1565,26 @@
               query_value);
         return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
     }
-    uint32_t min_undequeued_buffers = static_cast<uint32_t>(query_value);
-    const auto mailbox_num_images = std::max(3u, create_info->minImageCount);
-    const auto requested_images =
-        swap_interval ? create_info->minImageCount : mailbox_num_images;
-    uint32_t num_images = requested_images - 1 + min_undequeued_buffers;
+    const uint32_t min_undequeued_buffers = static_cast<uint32_t>(query_value);
 
     // Lower layer insists that we have at least min_undequeued_buffers + 1
     // buffers.  This is wasteful and we'd like to relax it in the shared case,
     // but not all the pieces are in place for that to work yet.  Note we only
     // lie to the lower layer--we don't want to give the app back a swapchain
     // with extra images (which they can't actually use!).
-    uint32_t min_buffer_count = min_undequeued_buffers + 1;
-    err = native_window_set_buffer_count(
-        window, std::max(min_buffer_count, num_images));
+    const uint32_t min_buffer_count = min_undequeued_buffers + 1;
+
+    uint32_t num_images;
+    if (create_info->presentMode  == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
+        num_images = std::max(3u, create_info->minImageCount);
+    } else {
+        num_images = create_info->minImageCount;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t buffer_count = std::max(min_buffer_count, num_images);
+    err = native_window_set_buffer_count(window, buffer_count);
     if (err != android::OK) {
-        ALOGE("native_window_set_buffer_count(%d) failed: %s (%d)", num_images,
+        ALOGE("native_window_set_buffer_count(%d) failed: %s (%d)", buffer_count,
               strerror(-err), err);
         return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
     }