diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
index fc0801c..3e6d2e0 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_unlock/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_set_priority/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_set_priority/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_command/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_command/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_return/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_return/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/i2c/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/i2c/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/i2c/i2c_read/enable
diff --git a/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
index a447cda..822ab7f 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
@@ -437,6 +437,9 @@
                     maybe_open_reference_profile(parameters_.pkgName, parameters_.apk_path,
                                                  parameters_.profile_name, profile_guided,
                                                  is_public, parameters_.uid, is_secondary_dex);
+            // `maybe_open_reference_profile` installs a hook that clears the profile on
+            // destruction. Disable it.
+            reference_profile.DisableCleanup();
             struct stat sbuf;
             if (reference_profile.fd() == -1 ||
                 (fstat(reference_profile.fd(), &sbuf) != -1 && sbuf.st_size == 0)) {
diff --git a/include/android/bitmap.h b/include/android/bitmap.h
index 35f87f9..87a14c0 100644
--- a/include/android/bitmap.h
+++ b/include/android/bitmap.h
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
  *
  *  @param userContext Pointer to user-defined data passed to
  *         {@link AndroidBitmap_compress}.
- *  @param data Compressed data of |size| bytes to write.
+ *  @param data Compressed data of `size` bytes to write.
  *  @param size Length in bytes of data to write.
  *  @return Whether the operation succeeded.
  */
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
                                                 size_t size) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
- *  Compress |pixels| as described by |info|.
+ *  Compress `pixels` as described by `info`.
  *
  *  Available since API level 30.
  *
diff --git a/include/android/sharedmem.h b/include/android/sharedmem.h
index e0a8045..645fa8a 100644
--- a/include/android/sharedmem.h
+++ b/include/android/sharedmem.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 /**
  * Create a shared memory region.
  *
- * Create shared memory region and returns an file descriptor.  The resulting file descriptor can be
+ * Create shared memory region and returns a file descriptor.  The resulting file descriptor can be
  * mmap'ed to process memory space with PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC. Access to shared memory
  * region can be restricted with {@link ASharedMemory_setProt}.
  *
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
  * cmsg(3) man pages for more information.
  *
  * If you intend to share this file descriptor with a child process after
- * calling exec(3), note that you will need to use fcntl(2) with FD_SETFD
+ * calling exec(3), note that you will need to use fcntl(2) with F_SETFD
  * to clear the FD_CLOEXEC flag for this to work on all versions of Android.
  *
  * Available since API level 26.
diff --git a/include/ftl/OWNERS b/include/ftl/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f61292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/native:/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/ftl/enum.h b/include/ftl/enum.h
index 075d12b..2c86e2e 100644
--- a/include/ftl/enum.h
+++ b/include/ftl/enum.h
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 
 #include <ftl/string.h>
 
-// Returns the name of enumerator E::V (i.e. "V") as std::optional<std::string_view> by parsing the
-// compiler-generated string literal for the signature of this function. The function is defined in
-// the global namespace with a short name and inferred return type to reduce bloat in the read-only
-// data segment.
-template <typename E, E V>
-constexpr auto ftl_enum() {
+// Returns the name of enumerator E::V and optionally the class (i.e. "E::V" or "V") as
+// std::optional<std::string_view> by parsing the compiler-generated string literal for the
+// signature of this function. The function is defined in the global namespace with a short name
+// and inferred return type to reduce bloat in the read-only data segment.
+template <bool S, typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum_builder() {
   static_assert(std::is_enum_v<E>);
 
   using R = std::optional<std::string_view>;
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@
   //   V = android::test::Enum::kValue
   //
   view = view.substr(value_begin);
-  const auto name_begin = view.rfind("::"sv);
+  const auto pos = S ? view.rfind("::"sv) - 2 : view.npos;
+
+  const auto name_begin = view.rfind("::"sv, pos);
   if (name_begin == view.npos) return R{};
 
   // Chop off the leading "::".
@@ -68,6 +70,18 @@
   return name.find(')') == view.npos ? R{name} : R{};
 }
 
+// Returns the name of enumerator E::V (i.e. "V") as std::optional<std::string_view>
+template <typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum() {
+  return ftl_enum_builder<false, E, V>();
+}
+
+// Returns the name of enumerator and class E::V (i.e. "E::V") as std::optional<std::string_view>
+template <typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum_full() {
+  return ftl_enum_builder<true, E, V>();
+}
+
 namespace android::ftl {
 
 // Trait for determining whether a type is specifically a scoped enum or not. By definition, a
@@ -191,6 +205,11 @@
   static constexpr auto value = ftl_enum<decltype(V), V>();
 };
 
+template <auto V>
+struct EnumNameFull {
+  static constexpr auto value = ftl_enum_full<decltype(V), V>();
+};
+
 template <auto I>
 struct FlagName {
   using E = decltype(I);
@@ -230,6 +249,18 @@
   return *kName;
 }
 
+// Returns a stringified enumerator with class at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C };
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name<E::B>() == "E::B");
+//
+template <auto V>
+constexpr std::string_view enum_name_full() {
+  constexpr auto kName = ftl_enum_full<decltype(V), V>();
+  static_assert(kName, "Unknown enumerator");
+  return *kName;
+}
+
 // Returns a stringified enumerator, possibly at compile time.
 //
 //   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
@@ -249,6 +280,25 @@
   return kRange.values[value - kBegin];
 }
 
+// Returns a stringified enumerator with class, possibly at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E::C).value_or("?") == "E::C");
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
+//
+template <typename E>
+constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> enum_name_full(E v) {
+  const auto value = to_underlying(v);
+
+  constexpr auto kBegin = to_underlying(enum_begin_v<E>);
+  constexpr auto kLast = to_underlying(enum_last_v<E>);
+  if (value < kBegin || value > kLast) return {};
+
+  constexpr auto kRange = details::EnumRange<E, details::EnumNameFull>{};
+  return kRange.values[value - kBegin];
+}
+
 // Returns a stringified flag enumerator, possibly at compile time.
 //
 //   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
@@ -282,6 +332,21 @@
   return to_string(to_underlying(v));
 }
 
+// Returns a stringified enumerator with class, or its integral value if not named.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   assert(ftl::enum_string(E::C) == "E::C");
+//   assert(ftl::enum_string(E{3}) == "3");
+//
+template <typename E>
+inline std::string enum_string_full(E v) {
+  if (const auto name = enum_name_full(v)) {
+      return std::string(*name);
+  }
+  return to_string(to_underlying(v));
+}
+
 // Returns a stringified flag enumerator, or its integral value if not named.
 //
 //   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
diff --git a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
index 589df9a..ef0ae4f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@
 // Another arbitrary value a binder count needs to drop below before another callback will be called
 uint32_t BpBinder::sBinderProxyCountLowWatermark = 2000;
 
+std::atomic<uint32_t> BpBinder::sBinderProxyCount(0);
+std::atomic<uint32_t> BpBinder::sBinderProxyCountWarned(0);
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kBinderProxyCountWarnInterval = 5000;
+
 // Log any transactions for which the data exceeds this size
 #define LOG_TRANSACTIONS_OVER_SIZE (300 * 1024)
 
@@ -193,6 +198,18 @@
         }
         sTrackingMap[trackedUid]++;
     }
+    uint32_t numProxies = sBinderProxyCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    uint32_t numLastWarned = sBinderProxyCountWarned.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    uint32_t numNextWarn = numLastWarned + kBinderProxyCountWarnInterval;
+    if (numProxies >= numNextWarn) {
+        // Multiple threads can get here, make sure only one of them gets to
+        // update the warn counter.
+        if (sBinderProxyCountWarned.compare_exchange_strong(numLastWarned,
+                                                            numNextWarn,
+                                                            std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+            ALOGW("Unexpectedly many live BinderProxies: %d\n", numProxies);
+        }
+    }
     return sp<BpBinder>::make(BinderHandle{handle}, trackedUid);
 }
 
@@ -604,6 +621,7 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    --sBinderProxyCount;
 
     if (ipc) {
         ipc->expungeHandle(binderHandle(), this);
@@ -688,6 +706,11 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+uint32_t BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount()
+{
+    return sBinderProxyCount.load();
+}
+
 void BpBinder::getCountByUid(Vector<uint32_t>& uids, Vector<uint32_t>& counts)
 {
     AutoMutex _l(sTrackingLock);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
index 5496d61..a5c6094 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
     static void         setCountByUidEnabled(bool enable);
     static void         setLimitCallback(binder_proxy_limit_callback cb);
     static void         setBinderProxyCountWatermarks(int high, int low);
+    static uint32_t     getBinderProxyCount();
 
     std::optional<int32_t> getDebugBinderHandle() const;
 
@@ -208,6 +209,8 @@
     static uint32_t                             sBinderProxyCountLowWatermark;
     static bool                                 sBinderProxyThrottleCreate;
     static std::unordered_map<int32_t,uint32_t> sLastLimitCallbackMap;
+    static std::atomic<uint32_t>                sBinderProxyCount;
+    static std::atomic<uint32_t>                sBinderProxyCountWarned;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
index 76c7aac..4786c89 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
index 8ee396e..8fb755c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
@@ -80,6 +80,28 @@
     require_root: true,
 }
 
+cc_test_host {
+    name: "libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host",
+    defaults: ["test_libbinder_ndk_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: true,
+    },
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfakeservicemanager",
+        "libgmock",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "binderVendorDoubleLoadTest",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
index 25b8e97..15708ca 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "android/binder_ibinder.h"
@@ -433,21 +432,6 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, AIBinder_ping(binder.get()));
 }
 
-TEST(NdkBinder, IsUpdatable) {
-    bool isUpdatable = AServiceManager_isUpdatableViaApex("android.hardware.light.ILights/default");
-    EXPECT_EQ(isUpdatable, false);
-}
-
-TEST(NdkBinder, GetUpdatableViaApex) {
-    std::optional<std::string> updatableViaApex;
-    AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName(
-            "android.hardware.light.ILights/default", &updatableViaApex,
-            [](const char* apexName, void* context) {
-                *static_cast<std::optional<std::string>*>(context) = apexName;
-            });
-    EXPECT_EQ(updatableViaApex, std::nullopt) << *updatableViaApex;
-}
-
 // This is too slow
 TEST(NdkBinder, CheckLazyServiceShutDown) {
     ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(kLazyBinderNdkUnitTestService));
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a3021d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <utils/String16.h>
+#include <utils/String8.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h"
+
+using android::FakeServiceManager;
+using android::setDefaultServiceManager;
+using android::sp;
+using android::String16;
+using android::String8;
+using testing::_;
+using testing::Eq;
+using testing::Mock;
+using testing::NiceMock;
+using testing::Optional;
+using testing::Return;
+
+struct MockServiceManager : FakeServiceManager {
+    MOCK_METHOD1(updatableViaApex, std::optional<String16>(const String16&));
+};
+
+struct AServiceManager : testing::Test {
+    static sp<MockServiceManager> mockSM;
+
+    static void InitMock() {
+        mockSM = new NiceMock<MockServiceManager>;
+        setDefaultServiceManager(mockSM);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { Mock::VerifyAndClear(mockSM.get()); }
+
+    void ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(std::optional<String16> apexName) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mockSM, updatableViaApex(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(apexName));
+    }
+};
+
+sp<MockServiceManager> AServiceManager::mockSM;
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, isUpdatableViaApex) {
+    auto apexFoo = String16("com.android.hardware.foo");
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(apexFoo);
+
+    bool isUpdatable = AServiceManager_isUpdatableViaApex("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(isUpdatable, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, isUpdatableViaApex_Not) {
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(std::nullopt);
+
+    bool isUpdatable = AServiceManager_isUpdatableViaApex("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(isUpdatable, false);
+}
+
+void getUpdatableApexNameCallback(const char* apexName, void* context) {
+    *(static_cast<std::optional<std::string>*>(context)) = apexName;
+}
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, getUpdatableApexName) {
+    auto apexFoo = String16("com.android.hardware.foo");
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(apexFoo);
+
+    std::optional<std::string> result;
+    AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default", &result,
+                                         getUpdatableApexNameCallback);
+    EXPECT_THAT(result, Optional(std::string(String8(apexFoo))));
+}
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, getUpdatableApexName_Null) {
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(std::nullopt);
+
+    std::optional<std::string> result;
+    AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default", &result,
+                                         getUpdatableApexNameCallback);
+    EXPECT_THAT(result, Eq(std::nullopt));
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    AServiceManager::InitMock();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
index e021af0..0396869 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
@@ -1441,6 +1441,36 @@
     EXPECT_GE(epochMsAfter, epochMsBefore + delay);
 }
 
+TEST_F(BinderLibTest, BinderProxyCount) {
+    Parcel data, reply;
+    sp<IBinder> server = addServer();
+    ASSERT_NE(server, nullptr);
+
+    uint32_t initialCount = BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount();
+    size_t iterations = 100;
+    {
+        uint32_t count = initialCount;
+        std::vector<sp<IBinder> > proxies;
+        sp<IBinder> proxy;
+        // Create binder proxies and verify the count.
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            ASSERT_THAT(server->transact(BINDER_LIB_TEST_CREATE_BINDER_TRANSACTION, data, &reply),
+                        StatusEq(NO_ERROR));
+            proxies.push_back(reply.readStrongBinder());
+            EXPECT_EQ(BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount(), ++count);
+        }
+        // Remove every other one and verify the count.
+        auto it = proxies.begin();
+        for (size_t i = 0; it != proxies.end(); i++) {
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                it = proxies.erase(it);
+                EXPECT_EQ(BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount(), --count);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount(), initialCount);
+}
+
 class BinderLibRpcTestBase : public BinderLibTest {
 public:
     void SetUp() override {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp
index 09cb216..b80ac53 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <commonFuzzHelpers.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "BufferedTextOutput.h"
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/Android.bp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ecf94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+android_app {
+    name: "BufferStreamsDemoApp",
+    srcs: ["java/**/*.java"],
+    sdk_version: "current",
+
+    jni_uses_platform_apis: true,
+    jni_libs: ["libbufferstreamdemoapp"],
+    use_embedded_native_libs: true,
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.appcompat_appcompat",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..872193c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="com.android.graphics.bufferstreamsdemoapp"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
+
+    <application
+        android:allowBackup="true"
+        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
+        android:label="@string/app_name"
+        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
+        android:supportsRtl="true"
+        android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light"
+        tools:targetApi="34">
+        <activity
+            android:name=".MainActivity"
+            android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+
+</manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/java/com/android/graphics/bufferstreamsdemoapp/MainActivity.java b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/java/com/android/graphics/bufferstreamsdemoapp/MainActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67b95a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/java/com/android/graphics/bufferstreamsdemoapp/MainActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.android.graphics.bufferstreamsdemoapp;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.widget.TextView;
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
+
+public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
+    // Used to load the 'bufferstreamsdemoapp' library on application startup.
+    static { System.loadLibrary("bufferstreamdemoapp"); }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+        RunBufferQueue();
+        System.out.println("stringFromJNI: " + stringFromJNI());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A native method that is implemented by the 'bufferstreamsdemoapp' native
+     * library, which is packaged with this application.
+     */
+    public native String stringFromJNI();
+    public native void RunBufferQueue();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/Android.bp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67910a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libbufferstreamdemoapp",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-error=unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgui",
+        "libbase",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
+    srcs: ["*.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/main.cpp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e0eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <jni.h>
+
+#include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
+
+extern "C"
+{
+    JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
+    Java_com_android_graphics_bufferstreamsdemoapp_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
+            JNIEnv *env,
+            jobject /* this */) {
+        const char* hello = "Hello from C++";
+        return env->NewStringUTF(hello);
+    }
+
+    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
+    Java_com_android_graphics_bufferstreamsdemoapp_MainActivity_RunBufferQueue(
+            JNIEnv *env,
+            jobject /* this */) {
+        android::sp<android::IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
+        android::sp<android::IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
+        android::BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07d5da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#3DDC84"
+        android:pathData="M0,0h108v108h-108z" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M9,0L9,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,0L19,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M29,0L29,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M39,0L39,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M49,0L49,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M59,0L59,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M69,0L69,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M79,0L79,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M89,0L89,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M99,0L99,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,9L108,9"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,19L108,19"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,29L108,29"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,39L108,39"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,49L108,49"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,59L108,59"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,69L108,69"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,79L108,79"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,89L108,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,99L108,99"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,29L89,29"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,39L89,39"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,49L89,49"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,59L89,59"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,69L89,69"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,79L89,79"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M29,19L29,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M39,19L39,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M49,19L49,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M59,19L59,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M69,19L69,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M79,19L79,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+</vector>
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b068d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:aapt="http://schemas.android.com/aapt"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+    <path android:pathData="M31,63.928c0,0 6.4,-11 12.1,-13.1c7.2,-2.6 26,-1.4 26,-1.4l38.1,38.1L107,108.928l-32,-1L31,63.928z">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="85.84757"
+                android:endY="92.4963"
+                android:startX="42.9492"
+                android:startY="49.59793"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#44000000"
+                    android:offset="0.0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#00000000"
+                    android:offset="1.0" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#FFFFFF"
+        android:fillType="nonZero"
+        android:pathData="M65.3,45.828l3.8,-6.6c0.2,-0.4 0.1,-0.9 -0.3,-1.1c-0.4,-0.2 -0.9,-0.1 -1.1,0.3l-3.9,6.7c-6.3,-2.8 -13.4,-2.8 -19.7,0l-3.9,-6.7c-0.2,-0.4 -0.7,-0.5 -1.1,-0.3C38.8,38.328 38.7,38.828 38.9,39.228l3.8,6.6C36.2,49.428 31.7,56.028 31,63.928h46C76.3,56.028 71.8,49.428 65.3,45.828zM43.4,57.328c-0.8,0 -1.5,-0.5 -1.8,-1.2c-0.3,-0.7 -0.1,-1.5 0.4,-2.1c0.5,-0.5 1.4,-0.7 2.1,-0.4c0.7,0.3 1.2,1 1.2,1.8C45.3,56.528 44.5,57.328 43.4,57.328L43.4,57.328zM64.6,57.328c-0.8,0 -1.5,-0.5 -1.8,-1.2s-0.1,-1.5 0.4,-2.1c0.5,-0.5 1.4,-0.7 2.1,-0.4c0.7,0.3 1.2,1 1.2,1.8C66.5,56.528 65.6,57.328 64.6,57.328L64.6,57.328z"
+        android:strokeWidth="1"
+        android:strokeColor="#00000000" />
+</vector>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/layout/activity_main.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/layout/activity_main.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79fb331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/layout/activity_main.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    tools:context=".MainActivity">
+
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/sample_text"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="Hello World!"
+        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="100dp"
+        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="100dp" />
+
+</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f3b755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <background android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_background" />
+    <foreground android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+    <monochrome android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+</adaptive-icon>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher_round.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher_round.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f3b755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher_round.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <background android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_background" />
+    <foreground android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+    <monochrome android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+</adaptive-icon>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c209e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2dfe3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f0f1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b611d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..948a307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b9a695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d4b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9287f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa7d642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9126ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/colors.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/colors.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8c6127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/colors.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <color name="purple_200">#FFBB86FC</color>
+    <color name="purple_500">#FF6200EE</color>
+    <color name="purple_700">#FF3700B3</color>
+    <color name="teal_200">#FF03DAC5</color>
+    <color name="teal_700">#FF018786</color>
+    <color name="black">#FF000000</color>
+    <color name="white">#FFFFFFFF</color>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/strings.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e652102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name">Buffer Demos</string>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp
index f835997..9df5632 100644
--- a/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cputimeinstate.h>
+#include <functional>
 
 using namespace android::bpf;
 
diff --git a/libs/ftl/OWNERS b/libs/ftl/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f61292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/native:/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
index 5592a01..b68c2c3 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E::C).value_or("?") == "C");
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
 
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<E::B>() == "E::B");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<E::ftl_last>() == "E::F");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full(E::C).value_or("?") == "E::C");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
+
 enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
 
 static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<F> == F{0});
@@ -60,6 +65,10 @@
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kFlag4>() == "kFlag4");
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kFlag7>() == "kFlag7");
 
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Flags::kNone>() == "Flags::kNone");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Flags::kFlag4>() == "Flags::kFlag4");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Flags::kFlag7>() == "Flags::kFlag7");
+
 // Though not flags, the enumerators are within the implicit range of bit indices.
 enum class Planet : std::uint8_t {
   kMercury,
@@ -81,6 +90,9 @@
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Planet::kMercury>() == "kMercury");
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Planet::kSaturn>() == "kSaturn");
 
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Planet::kMercury>() == "Planet::kMercury");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Planet::kSaturn>() == "Planet::kSaturn");
+
 // Unscoped enum must define explicit range, even if the underlying type is fixed.
 enum Temperature : int {
   kRoom = 20,
@@ -122,16 +134,28 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(Planet::kEarth), "kEarth");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(Planet::kNeptune), "kNeptune");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(Planet::kEarth), "Planet::kEarth");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(Planet::kNeptune), "Planet::kNeptune");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kPluto), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(kPluto), std::nullopt);
   }
   {
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kRoom), "kRoom");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFridge), "kFridge");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kRoom), "kRoom");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFridge), "kFridge");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), std::nullopt);
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), std::nullopt);
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), std::nullopt);
   }
 }
 
@@ -158,16 +182,30 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(Planet::kEarth), "kEarth");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(Planet::kNeptune), "kNeptune");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(Planet::kEarth), "Planet::kEarth");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(Planet::kNeptune), "Planet::kNeptune");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kPluto), "8");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kPluto), "8");
+
   }
   {
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kRoom), "kRoom");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kFridge), "kFridge");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kRoom), "20");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kFridge), "4");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kFreezer), "-18");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), "-30");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), "0");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), "100");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), "-30");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), "0");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), "100");
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index 9847c05..613721e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
         changeFrameRateStrategy(ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ONLY_IF_SEAMLESS),
         defaultFrameRateCompatibility(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_COMPATIBILITY_DEFAULT),
         frameRateCategory(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_CATEGORY_DEFAULT),
+        frameRateSelectionStrategy(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF),
         fixedTransformHint(ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID),
         autoRefresh(false),
         isTrustedOverlay(false),
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, changeFrameRateStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, defaultFrameRateCompatibility);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, frameRateCategory);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, frameRateSelectionStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, fixedTransformHint);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, autoRefresh);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, dimmingEnabled);
@@ -294,6 +296,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &changeFrameRateStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &defaultFrameRateCompatibility);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &frameRateCategory);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &frameRateSelectionStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &tmpUint32);
     fixedTransformHint = static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(tmpUint32);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &autoRefresh);
@@ -667,6 +670,10 @@
         what |= eFrameRateCategoryChanged;
         frameRateCategory = other.frameRateCategory;
     }
+    if (other.what & eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged) {
+        what |= eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged;
+        frameRateSelectionStrategy = other.frameRateSelectionStrategy;
+    }
     if (other.what & eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
         what |= eFixedTransformHintChanged;
         fixedTransformHint = other.fixedTransformHint;
@@ -778,6 +785,7 @@
     CHECK_DIFF3(diff, eFrameRateChanged, other, frameRate, frameRateCompatibility,
                 changeFrameRateStrategy);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFrameRateCategoryChanged, other, frameRateCategory);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged, other, frameRateSelectionStrategy);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFixedTransformHintChanged, other, fixedTransformHint);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eAutoRefreshChanged, other, autoRefresh);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eTrustedOverlayChanged, other, isTrustedOverlay);
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index e0882ac..038764b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -2105,6 +2105,19 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction&
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc,
+                                                                  int8_t strategy) {
+    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
+    if (!s) {
+        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    s->what |= layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged;
+    s->frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
+    return *this;
+}
+
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setFixedTransformHint(
         const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int32_t fixedTransformHint) {
     layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 102a3c1..4371007 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
         eInputInfoChanged = 0x40000000,
         eCornerRadiusChanged = 0x80000000,
         eDestinationFrameChanged = 0x1'00000000,
-        /* unused = 0x2'00000000, */
+        eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged = 0x2'00000000,
         eBackgroundColorChanged = 0x4'00000000,
         eMetadataChanged = 0x8'00000000,
         eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged = 0x10'00000000,
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@
             layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged |
             layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged | layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged |
             layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged | layer_state_t::eFrameRateCategoryChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged |
             layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority | layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged;
 
     // Changes affecting data sent to input.
@@ -361,6 +362,9 @@
     // Frame rate category to suggest what frame rate range a surface should run.
     int8_t frameRateCategory;
 
+    // Strategy of the layer for frame rate selection.
+    int8_t frameRateSelectionStrategy;
+
     // Set by window manager indicating the layer and all its children are
     // in a different orientation than the display. The hint suggests that
     // the graphic producers should receive a transform hint as if the
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index 6fef5d2..42e3c16 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -687,6 +687,8 @@
 
         Transaction& setFrameRateCategory(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int8_t category);
 
+        Transaction& setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int8_t strategy);
+
         // Set by window manager indicating the layer and all its children are
         // in a different orientation than the display. The hint suggests that
         // the graphic producers should receive a transform hint as if the
diff --git a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
index 1f14396..1600013 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
@@ -476,8 +476,6 @@
 }
 
 status_t InputChannel::receiveMessage(InputMessage* msg) {
-    ATRACE_NAME_IF(ATRACE_ENABLED(),
-                   StringPrintf("receiveMessage(inputChannel=%s)", mName.c_str()));
     ssize_t nRead;
     do {
         nRead = ::recv(getFd(), msg, sizeof(InputMessage), MSG_DONTWAIT);
diff --git a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
index c8d1da7..412931b 100644
--- a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
@@ -205,6 +205,13 @@
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, predictedPoint.x);
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, predictedPoint.y);
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, predictedPressure[i]);
+        // Copy forward tilt and orientation from the last event until they are predicted
+        // (b/291789258).
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TILT,
+                            event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TILT, 0));
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION,
+                            event.getRawPointerCoords(0)->getAxisValue(
+                                    AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
 
         predictionTime += mModel->config().predictionInterval;
         if (i == 0) {
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp
index ee961f0..a0ec6ad 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <input/InputDevice.h>
 #include <input/KeyLayoutMap.h>
 #include <input/Keyboard.h>
+#include <linux/uinput.h>
 #include "android-base/file.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(*map, *mKeyMap.keyCharacterMap);
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacteMapApplyMultipleOverlaysTest) {
+TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacterMapApplyMultipleOverlaysTest) {
     std::string frenchOverlayPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/french.kcm";
     std::string englishOverlayPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/english_us.kcm";
     std::string germanOverlayPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/german.kcm";
@@ -133,14 +134,33 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(*mKeyMap.keyCharacterMap, *frenchOverlaidKeyCharacterMap);
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacteMapBadAxisLabel) {
+TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacterMapApplyOverlayTest) {
+    std::string frenchOverlayPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/french.kcm";
+    base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap>> frenchOverlay =
+            KeyCharacterMap::load(frenchOverlayPath, KeyCharacterMap::Format::OVERLAY);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(frenchOverlay.ok()) << "Cannot load KeyCharacterMap at " << frenchOverlayPath;
+
+    // Apply the French overlay
+    mKeyMap.keyCharacterMap->combine(*frenchOverlay->get());
+
+    // Check if mapping for key_Q is correct
+    int32_t outKeyCode;
+    status_t mapKeyResult = mKeyMap.keyCharacterMap->mapKey(KEY_Q, /*usageCode=*/0, &outKeyCode);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mapKeyResult, OK) << "No mapping for KEY_Q for " << frenchOverlayPath;
+    ASSERT_EQ(outKeyCode, AKEYCODE_A);
+
+    mapKeyResult = mKeyMap.keyCharacterMap->mapKey(KEY_E, /*usageCode=*/0, &outKeyCode);
+    ASSERT_NE(mapKeyResult, OK) << "Mapping exists for KEY_E for " << frenchOverlayPath;
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacterMapBadAxisLabel) {
     std::string klPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/bad_axis_label.kl";
 
     base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyLayoutMap>> ret = KeyLayoutMap::load(klPath);
     ASSERT_FALSE(ret.ok()) << "Should not be able to load KeyLayout at " << klPath;
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacteMapBadLedLabel) {
+TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacterMapBadLedLabel) {
     std::string klPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/bad_led_label.kl";
 
     base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyLayoutMap>> ret = KeyLayoutMap::load(klPath);
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
index e158f01..b068f48 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
@@ -1096,6 +1096,26 @@
     ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_CATEGORY_HIGH = 4
 };
 
+/*
+ * Frame rate selection strategy values that can be used in
+ * Transaction::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy.
+ */
+enum {
+    /**
+     * Default value. The layer uses its own frame rate specifications, assuming it has any
+     * specifications, instead of its parent's.
+     */
+    ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF = 0,
+
+    /**
+     * The layer's frame rate specifications will propagate to and override those of its descendant
+     * layers.
+     * The layer with this strategy has the ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF
+     * behavior for itself.
+     */
+    ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_OVERRIDE_CHILDREN = 1,
+};
+
 static inline int native_window_set_frame_rate(struct ANativeWindow* window, float frameRate,
                                         int8_t compatibility, int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) {
     return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_FRAME_RATE, (double)frameRate,
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index e253ad5..cc1d12b 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
+#include <GrTypes.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gl/GrGLInterface.h>
 #include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
@@ -338,7 +339,8 @@
     } else {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("Submit(sync=false)");
     }
-    bool success = grContext->submit(requireSync);
+    bool success = grContext->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes :
+                                                   GrSyncCpu::kNo);
     ATRACE_END();
     if (!success) {
         ALOGE("Failed to flush RenderEngine commands");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index 6ecc6ab..17f263d 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@
         flushInfo.fFinishedContext = destroySemaphoreInfo;
     }
     GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = grContext->flush(flushInfo);
-    grContext->submit(false /* no cpu sync */);
+    grContext->submit(GrSyncCpu::kNo);
     int drawFenceFd = -1;
     if (semaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
         if (GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kYes == submitted) {
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegdecoderhelper.h b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegdecoderhelper.h
index 30149c1..b86ce5f4 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegdecoderhelper.h
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegdecoderhelper.h
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
     size_t mHeight;
 
     // Position of EXIF package, default value is -1 which means no EXIF package appears.
-    size_t mExifPos;
+    ssize_t mExifPos = -1;
 };
 } /* namespace android::ultrahdr  */
 
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
index 74760d9..3d70fce 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
@@ -85,13 +85,11 @@
                                 jr_compressed_ptr pSource,
                                 size_t exif_pos,
                                 size_t exif_size) {
-  memcpy(pDest, pSource, sizeof(jpegr_compressed_struct));
-
   const size_t exif_offset = 4; //exif_pos has 4 bytes offset to the FF sign
   pDest->length = pSource->length - exif_size - exif_offset;
   pDest->data = new uint8_t[pDest->length];
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> dest_data;
-  dest_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(pDest->data));
+  pDest->maxLength = pDest->length;
+  pDest->colorGamut = pSource->colorGamut;
   memcpy(pDest->data, pSource->data, exif_pos - exif_offset);
   memcpy((uint8_t*)pDest->data + exif_pos - exif_offset,
          (uint8_t*)pSource->data + exif_pos + exif_size,
@@ -1262,13 +1260,13 @@
   if (!decoder.extractEXIF(primary_jpg_image_ptr->data, primary_jpg_image_ptr->length)) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
   }
-  jpegr_exif_struct exif_from_jpg;
-  exif_from_jpg.data = nullptr;
-  exif_from_jpg.length = 0;
-  jpegr_compressed_struct new_jpg_image;
-  new_jpg_image.data = nullptr;
-  new_jpg_image.length = 0;
-  if (decoder.getEXIFPos() != 0) {
+  jpegr_exif_struct exif_from_jpg = {.data = nullptr, .length = 0};
+  jpegr_compressed_struct new_jpg_image = {.data = nullptr,
+                                           .length = 0,
+                                           .maxLength = 0,
+                                           .colorGamut = ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED};
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> dest_data;
+  if (decoder.getEXIFPos() >= 0) {
     if (pExif != nullptr) {
       ALOGE("received EXIF from outside while the primary image already contains EXIF");
       return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
@@ -1277,6 +1275,7 @@
                         primary_jpg_image_ptr,
                         decoder.getEXIFPos(),
                         decoder.getEXIFSize());
+    dest_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(new_jpg_image.data));
     exif_from_jpg.data = decoder.getEXIFPtr();
     exif_from_jpg.length = decoder.getEXIFSize();
     pExif = &exif_from_jpg;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index cb369a8..fa8f548 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -269,6 +269,11 @@
     return msg;
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const MotionEntry& motionEntry) {
+    out << motionEntry.getDescription();
+    return out;
+}
+
 // --- SensorEntry ---
 
 SensorEntry::SensorEntry(int32_t id, nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index 8dc2a2a..dd4aab8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <functional>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
@@ -189,6 +190,8 @@
     ~MotionEntry() override;
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const MotionEntry& motionEntry);
+
 struct SensorEntry : EventEntry {
     int32_t deviceId;
     uint32_t source;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index d98641e..b3be89e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -668,7 +668,15 @@
         } else {
             // This pointer was already sent to the window. Use ACTION_HOVER_MOVE.
             if (CC_UNLIKELY(maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE)) {
-                LOG(FATAL) << "Expected ACTION_HOVER_MOVE instead of " << entry.getDescription();
+                android::base::LogSeverity severity = android::base::LogSeverity::FATAL;
+                if (entry.flags & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_IS_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT) {
+                    // The Accessibility injected touch exploration event stream
+                    // has known inconsistencies, so log ERROR instead of
+                    // crashing the device with FATAL.
+                    // TODO(b/299977100): Move a11y severity back to FATAL.
+                    severity = android::base::LogSeverity::ERROR;
+                }
+                LOG(severity) << "Expected ACTION_HOVER_MOVE instead of " << entry.getDescription();
             }
             touchedWindow.targetFlags = InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_IS;
         }
@@ -706,6 +714,40 @@
     });
 }
 
+/**
+ * In general, touch should be always split between windows. Some exceptions:
+ * 1. Don't split touch if all of the below is true:
+ *     (a) we have an active pointer down *and*
+ *     (b) a new pointer is going down that's from the same device *and*
+ *     (c) the window that's receiving the current pointer does not support split touch.
+ * 2. Don't split mouse events
+ */
+bool shouldSplitTouch(const TouchState& touchState, const MotionEntry& entry) {
+    if (isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)) {
+        // We should never split mouse events
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : touchState.windows) {
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->isSpy()) {
+            // Spy windows should not affect whether or not touch is split.
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->supportsSplitTouch()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
+                    gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::IS_WALLPAPER)) {
+            // Wallpaper window should not affect whether or not touch is split
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (touchedWindow.hasTouchingPointers(entry.deviceId)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
@@ -2210,40 +2252,6 @@
     return responsiveMonitors;
 }
 
-/**
- * In general, touch should be always split between windows. Some exceptions:
- * 1. Don't split touch is if we have an active pointer down, and a new pointer is going down that's
- *    from the same device, *and* the window that's receiving the current pointer does not support
- *    split touch.
- * 2. Don't split mouse events
- */
-bool InputDispatcher::shouldSplitTouch(const TouchState& touchState,
-                                       const MotionEntry& entry) const {
-    if (isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)) {
-        // We should never split mouse events
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : touchState.windows) {
-        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->isSpy()) {
-            // Spy windows should not affect whether or not touch is split.
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->supportsSplitTouch()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
-                    gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::IS_WALLPAPER)) {
-            // Wallpaper window should not affect whether or not touch is split
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (touchedWindow.hasTouchingPointers(entry.deviceId)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 std::vector<InputTarget> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
         nsecs_t currentTime, const MotionEntry& entry, bool* outConflictingPointerActions,
         InputEventInjectionResult& outInjectionResult) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 512bc4f..4d145c6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -522,7 +522,6 @@
     // shade is pulled down while we are counting down the timeout).
     void resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    bool shouldSplitTouch(const TouchState& touchState, const MotionEntry& entry) const;
     int32_t getTargetDisplayId(const EventEntry& entry);
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findFocusedWindowTargetLocked(
             nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
index 4221e42..9dcf615 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
@@ -288,4 +288,9 @@
     return out;
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TouchState& state) {
+    out << state.dump();
+    return out;
+}
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
index 39e63e5..f016936 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <bitset>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <set>
 #include "TouchedWindow.h"
 
@@ -79,5 +80,7 @@
     std::string dump() const;
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TouchState& state);
+
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
index 9807a6d..ff4b425 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
@@ -256,5 +256,10 @@
     return out;
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TouchedWindow& window) {
+    out << window.dump();
+    return out;
+}
+
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
index 0a38f9f..3f760c0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
 #include <bitset>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <set>
 #include "InputTarget.h"
 
@@ -92,5 +93,7 @@
     static std::string deviceStateToString(const TouchedWindow::DeviceState& state);
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TouchedWindow& window);
+
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index b565454..90bd7c9 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,10 @@
 TouchInputMapper::~TouchInputMapper() {}
 
 uint32_t TouchInputMapper::getSources() const {
-    return mSource;
+    // The SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS is added to events dynamically if the current stream is modified
+    // by the external stylus state. That's why we don't add it directly to mSource during
+    // configuration.
+    return mSource | (hasExternalStylus() ? AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS : 0);
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::populateDeviceInfo(InputDeviceInfo& info) {
@@ -932,9 +935,6 @@
         if (hasStylus()) {
             mSource |= AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS;
         }
-        if (hasExternalStylus()) {
-            mSource |= AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS;
-        }
     } else if (mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_NAVIGATION) {
         mSource = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCH_NAVIGATION;
         mDeviceMode = DeviceMode::NAVIGATION;
@@ -1664,6 +1664,10 @@
                                 mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                                 mLastCookedState.buttonState, mCurrentCookedState.buttonState);
 
+    if (mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCount == 0) {
+        mCurrentStreamModifiedByExternalStylus = false;
+    }
+
     // Clear some transient state.
     mCurrentRawState.rawVScroll = 0;
     mCurrentRawState.rawHScroll = 0;
@@ -1715,6 +1719,10 @@
 
         mExternalStylusButtonsApplied |= pressedButtons;
         mExternalStylusButtonsApplied &= ~releasedButtons;
+
+        if (mExternalStylusButtonsApplied != 0 || releasedButtons != 0) {
+            mCurrentStreamModifiedByExternalStylus = true;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1725,6 +1733,8 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    mCurrentStreamModifiedByExternalStylus = true;
+
     float pressure = lastPointerData.isTouching(*mFusedStylusPointerId)
             ? lastPointerData.pointerCoordsForId(*mFusedStylusPointerId)
                       .getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE)
@@ -3821,6 +3831,9 @@
             ALOG_ASSERT(false);
         }
     }
+    if (mCurrentStreamModifiedByExternalStylus) {
+        source |= AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS;
+    }
 
     const int32_t displayId = getAssociatedDisplayId().value_or(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     const bool showDirectStylusPointer = mConfig.stylusPointerIconEnabled &&
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
index c5dfb00..bd9371d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
@@ -357,6 +357,8 @@
     bool mExternalStylusDataPending;
     // A subset of the buttons in mCurrentRawState that came from an external stylus.
     int32_t mExternalStylusButtonsApplied{0};
+    // True if the current cooked pointer data was modified due to the state of an external stylus.
+    bool mCurrentStreamModifiedByExternalStylus{false};
 
     // True if we sent a HOVER_ENTER event.
     bool mSentHoverEnter{false};
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index dc281a3..dd003a6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -3349,6 +3349,31 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test that invalid HOVER events sent by accessibility do not cause a fatal crash.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, InvalidA11yHoverStreamDoesNotCrash) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 1200, 800));
+
+    mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, application);
+
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
+
+    MotionEventBuilder hoverEnterBuilder =
+            MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::MOUSE).x(300).y(400))
+                    .addFlag(AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_IS_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT);
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, hoverEnterBuilder.build()));
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, hoverEnterBuilder.build()));
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+}
+
+/**
  * If mouse is hovering when the touch goes down, the hovering should be stopped via HOVER_EXIT.
  */
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, TouchDownAfterMouseHover) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index bce0937..6539593 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_POINTER_1_UP =
         AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
 
+static constexpr uint32_t STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE =
+        AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS;
+
 // Minimum timestamp separation between subsequent input events from a Bluetooth device.
 static constexpr nsecs_t MIN_BLUETOOTH_TIMESTAMP_DELTA = ms2ns(4);
 // Maximum smoothing time delta so that we don't generate events too far into the future.
@@ -2308,6 +2311,22 @@
 // ongoing stylus gesture that is being emitted by the touchscreen.
 using ExternalStylusIntegrationTest = BaseTouchIntegrationTest;
 
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusIntegrationTest, ExternalStylusConnectionChangesTouchscreenSource) {
+    // Create an external stylus capable of reporting pressure data that
+    // should be fused with a touch pointer.
+    std::unique_ptr<UinputExternalStylusWithPressure> stylus =
+            createUinputDevice<UinputExternalStylusWithPressure>();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePolicy->assertInputDevicesChanged());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled());
+    const auto stylusInfo = findDeviceByName(stylus->getName());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(stylusInfo);
+
+    // Connecting an external stylus changes the source of the touchscreen.
+    const auto deviceInfo = findDeviceByName(mDevice->getName());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(deviceInfo);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isFromSource(deviceInfo->getSources(), STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusIntegrationTest, FusedExternalStylusPressureReported) {
     const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
 
@@ -2337,17 +2356,17 @@
     mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
     mDevice->sendSync();
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
-                  WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
-                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(100.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS),
+                  WithButtonState(0), WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
+                  WithPressure(100.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
 
     // Change the pressure on the external stylus, and ensure the touchscreen generates a MOVE
     // event with the updated pressure.
     stylus->setPressure(200);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
-                  WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
-                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(200.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS),
+                  WithButtonState(0), WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
+                  WithPressure(200.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
 
     // The external stylus did not generate any events.
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
@@ -2392,8 +2411,8 @@
     // it shows up as a finger pointer.
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
-                  WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
-                  WithPressure(1.f))));
+                  WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS),
+                  WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(1.f))));
 
     // Change the pressure on the external stylus. Since the pressure was not present at the start
     // of the gesture, it is ignored for now.
@@ -2405,6 +2424,7 @@
     mDevice->sendSync();
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                  WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS),
                   WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER))));
 
     // Start a new gesture. Since we have a valid pressure value, it shows up as a stylus.
@@ -2413,9 +2433,9 @@
     mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
     mDevice->sendSync();
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
-                  WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
-                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(200.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE),
+                  WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS), WithButtonState(0), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
+                  WithPressure(200.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
 
     // The external stylus did not generate any events.
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
@@ -2447,14 +2467,15 @@
             std::chrono::milliseconds(ns2ms(EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT));
     mDevice->sendSync();
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            mTestListener
-                    ->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
-                                                        WithToolType(
-                                                                ToolType::FINGER),
-                                                        WithButtonState(0),
-                                                        WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
-                                                        WithPressure(1.f)),
-                                                  waitUntil));
+            mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(AllOf(WithMotionAction(
+                                                                     AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                                                             WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER),
+                                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN |
+                                                                        AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS),
+                                                             WithButtonState(0),
+                                                             WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
+                                                             WithPressure(1.f)),
+                                                       waitUntil));
 
     // The external stylus did not generate any events.
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
@@ -7567,12 +7588,10 @@
 
 protected:
     StylusState mStylusState{};
-    static constexpr uint32_t EXPECTED_SOURCE =
-            AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS;
 
     void testStartFusedStylusGesture(SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper) {
         auto toolTypeSource =
-                AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
+                AllOf(WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
 
         // The first pointer is withheld.
         processDown(mapper, 100, 200);
@@ -7606,7 +7625,7 @@
         processUp(mapper);
         processSync(mapper);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE),
                       WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS))));
 
         mStylusState.pressure = 0.f;
@@ -7616,8 +7635,10 @@
     }
 
     void testUnsuccessfulFusionGesture(SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper) {
+        // When stylus fusion is not successful, events should be reported with the original source.
+        // In this case, it is from a touchscreen.
         auto toolTypeSource =
-                AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER));
+                AllOf(WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER));
 
         // The first pointer is withheld when an external stylus is connected,
         // and a timeout is requested.
@@ -7657,7 +7678,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, UsesBluetoothStylusSource) {
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
-    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED_SOURCE, mapper.getSources());
+    ASSERT_EQ(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE, mapper.getSources());
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, UnsuccessfulFusion) {
@@ -7674,8 +7695,7 @@
 // before the touch is reported by the touchscreen.
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, SuccessfulFusion_PressureFirst) {
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
-    auto toolTypeSource =
-            AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
+    auto toolTypeSource = AllOf(WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
 
     // The external stylus reports pressure first. It is ignored for now.
     mStylusState.pressure = 1.f;
@@ -7717,8 +7737,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusedPointerReportsPressureChanges) {
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
-    auto toolTypeSource =
-            AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
+    auto toolTypeSource = AllOf(WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
 
     mStylusState.pressure = 0.8f;
     processExternalStylusState(mapper);
@@ -7779,7 +7798,7 @@
     processUp(mapper);
     processSync(mapper);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE),
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE),
                   WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS))));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
@@ -7788,7 +7807,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusedPointerReportsToolTypeChanges) {
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
-    auto source = WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE);
+    auto source = WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE);
 
     mStylusState.pressure = 1.f;
     mStylusState.toolType = ToolType::ERASER;
@@ -7841,8 +7860,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusedPointerReportsButtons) {
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
-    auto toolTypeSource =
-            AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
+    auto toolTypeSource = AllOf(WithSource(STYLUS_FUSION_SOURCE), WithToolType(ToolType::STYLUS));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testStartFusedStylusGesture(mapper));
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
index ed4829a..6870d4e 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
                 "unsigned-integer-overflow",
             ],
         },
-        address: true,
         integer_overflow: true,
     },
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index 22db247..fe56969 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -844,10 +844,16 @@
 
 bool OutputLayer::needsFiltering() const {
     const auto& state = getState();
-    const auto& displayFrame = state.displayFrame;
     const auto& sourceCrop = state.sourceCrop;
-    return sourceCrop.getHeight() != displayFrame.getHeight() ||
-            sourceCrop.getWidth() != displayFrame.getWidth();
+    auto displayFrameWidth = static_cast<float>(state.displayFrame.getWidth());
+    auto displayFrameHeight = static_cast<float>(state.displayFrame.getHeight());
+
+    if (state.bufferTransform & HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90) {
+        std::swap(displayFrameWidth, displayFrameHeight);
+    }
+
+    return sourceCrop.getHeight() != displayFrameHeight ||
+            sourceCrop.getWidth() != displayFrameWidth;
 }
 
 std::optional<LayerFE::LayerSettings> OutputLayer::getOverrideCompositionSettings() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index 9039d16..630906a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -1614,5 +1614,20 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mOutputLayer.needsFiltering());
 }
 
+TEST_F(OutputLayerTest, needsFilteringReturnsFalseIfRotatedDisplaySizeSameAsSourceSize) {
+    mOutputLayer.editState().displayFrame = Rect(100, 100, 300, 200);
+    mOutputLayer.editState().sourceCrop = FloatRect{0.f, 0.f, 100.f, 200.f};
+    mOutputLayer.editState().bufferTransform = Hwc2::Transform::ROT_90;
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutputLayer.needsFiltering());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OutputLayerTest, needsFilteringReturnsTrueIfRotatedDisplaySizeDiffersFromSourceSize) {
+    mOutputLayer.editState().displayFrame = Rect(100, 100, 300, 200);
+    mOutputLayer.editState().sourceCrop = FloatRect{0.f, 0.f, 100.f, 200.f};
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutputLayer.needsFiltering());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 252ba8e..1faf6a1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -477,8 +477,12 @@
 
 void DisplayDevice::updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    if (mRefreshRateOverlay && (!mRefreshRateOverlay->isSetByHwc() || setByHwc)) {
-        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(vsyncRate, renderFps);
+    if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
+        if (!mRefreshRateOverlay->isSetByHwc() || setByHwc) {
+            mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(vsyncRate, renderFps);
+        } else {
+            mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRenderRate(renderFps);
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
index 422513b..1775a7a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
 #include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
-
-#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@
     // Peak refresh rate represents the highest refresh rate that can be used
     // for the presentation.
     Fps getPeakFps() const {
-        return flags::vrr_config() && mVrrConfig
+        return flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled() && mVrrConfig
                 ? Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mVrrConfig->minFrameIntervalNs)
                 : mVsyncRate;
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
index 7537a39..a5e9368 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
     bool isTrustedOverlay;
     gui::GameMode gameMode;
     scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate frameRate;
+    scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy frameRateSelectionStrategy;
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags fixedTransformHint;
     std::optional<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> transformHint;
     bool handleSkipScreenshotFlag = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
index da84e44..4c9fb06 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
@@ -813,11 +813,23 @@
                 RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy) ||
         snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate |
                              RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-        snapshot.frameRate = requested.requestedFrameRate.isValid() ? requested.requestedFrameRate
-                                                                    : parentSnapshot.frameRate;
+        bool shouldOverrideChildren = parentSnapshot.frameRateSelectionStrategy ==
+                scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren;
+        snapshot.frameRate = !requested.requestedFrameRate.isValid() || shouldOverrideChildren
+                ? parentSnapshot.frameRate
+                : requested.requestedFrameRate;
         snapshot.changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate;
     }
 
+    if (forceUpdate || snapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged) {
+        const auto strategy = scheduler::LayerInfo::convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(
+                requested.frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+        snapshot.frameRateSelectionStrategy =
+                strategy == scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self
+                ? parentSnapshot.frameRateSelectionStrategy
+                : strategy;
+    }
+
     if (forceUpdate || snapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority) {
         snapshot.frameRateSelectionPriority =
                 (requested.frameRateSelectionPriority == Layer::PRIORITY_UNSET)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
index 2bf8bc9..dc8694c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@
     defaultFrameRateCompatibility =
             static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
     frameRateCategory = static_cast<int8_t>(FrameRateCategory::Default);
+    frameRateSelectionStrategy =
+            static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self);
     dataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
     gameMode = gui::GameMode::Unsupported;
     requestedFrameRate = {};
@@ -403,10 +405,19 @@
     return debug.str();
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate& obj) {
+    out << obj.vote.rate;
+    out << " " << ftl::enum_string_full(obj.vote.type);
+    out << " " << ftl::enum_string_full(obj.category);
+    return out;
+}
+
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const RequestedLayerState& obj) {
     out << obj.debugName;
     if (obj.relativeParentId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) out << " parent=" << obj.parentId;
     if (!obj.handleAlive) out << " handleNotAlive";
+    if (obj.requestedFrameRate.isValid())
+        out << " requestedFrameRate: {" << obj.requestedFrameRate << "}";
     return out;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 2684000..e780a1e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@
     mDrawingState.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::NONE;
     mDrawingState.dimmingEnabled = true;
     mDrawingState.defaultFrameRateCompatibility = FrameRateCompatibility::Default;
+    mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy = FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self;
 
     if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eNoColorFill) {
         // Set an invalid color so there is no color fill.
@@ -1251,9 +1252,14 @@
     return mBorderColor;
 }
 
-bool Layer::propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool* transactionNeeded) {
-    // The frame rate for layer tree is this layer's frame rate if present, or the parent frame rate
+bool Layer::propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool overrideChildren,
+                                           bool* transactionNeeded) {
+    // Gets the frame rate to propagate to children.
     const auto frameRate = [&] {
+        if (overrideChildren && parentFrameRate.isValid()) {
+            return parentFrameRate;
+        }
+
         if (mDrawingState.frameRate.isValid()) {
             return mDrawingState.frameRate;
         }
@@ -1267,7 +1273,10 @@
     bool childrenHaveFrameRate = false;
     for (const sp<Layer>& child : mCurrentChildren) {
         childrenHaveFrameRate |=
-                child->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(frameRate, transactionNeeded);
+                child->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(frameRate,
+                                                      overrideChildren ||
+                                                              shouldOverrideChildrenFrameRate(),
+                                                      transactionNeeded);
     }
 
     // If we don't have a valid frame rate specification, but the children do, we set this
@@ -1300,7 +1309,7 @@
     }();
 
     bool transactionNeeded = false;
-    root->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree({}, &transactionNeeded);
+    root->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree({}, false, &transactionNeeded);
 
     // TODO(b/195668952): we probably don't need eTraversalNeeded here
     if (transactionNeeded) {
@@ -1338,6 +1347,15 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool Layer::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy strategy) {
+    if (mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy == strategy) return false;
+    mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
+    mDrawingState.sequence++;
+    mDrawingState.modified = true;
+    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
+    return true;
+}
+
 void Layer::setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
                                                       nsecs_t postTime) {
     mDrawingState.postTime = postTime;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 0b0cef5..40882f4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
 
     using FrameRate = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate;
     using FrameRateCompatibility = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility;
+    using FrameRateSelectionStrategy = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy;
 
     struct State {
         int32_t z;
@@ -188,6 +189,8 @@
         // The combined frame rate of parents / children of this layer
         FrameRate frameRateForLayerTree;
 
+        FrameRateSelectionStrategy frameRateSelectionStrategy;
+
         // Set by window manager indicating the layer and all its children are
         // in a different orientation than the display. The hint suggests that
         // the graphic producers should receive a transform hint as if the
@@ -782,6 +785,8 @@
     bool setFrameRate(FrameRate::FrameRateVote);
     bool setFrameRateCategory(FrameRateCategory);
 
+    bool setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy);
+
     virtual void setFrameTimelineInfoForBuffer(const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/) {}
     void setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, nsecs_t postTime);
     void setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
@@ -1097,7 +1102,8 @@
                                           const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree);
 
     void updateTreeHasFrameRateVote();
-    bool propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool* transactionNeeded);
+    bool propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool overrideChildren,
+                                        bool* transactionNeeded);
     void setZOrderRelativeOf(const wp<Layer>& relativeOf);
     bool isTrustedOverlay() const;
     gui::DropInputMode getDropInputMode() const;
@@ -1159,6 +1165,11 @@
     void transferAvailableJankData(const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
                                    std::vector<JankData>& jankData);
 
+    bool shouldOverrideChildrenFrameRate() const {
+        return getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy ==
+                FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren;
+    }
+
     // Cached properties computed from drawing state
     // Effective transform taking into account parent transforms and any parent scaling, which is
     // a transform from the current layer coordinate space to display(screen) coordinate space.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
index 3270e4c..0aee7d4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 alecmouri@google.com
 chaviw@google.com
 domlaskowski@google.com
+jreck@google.com
 lpy@google.com
 pdwilliams@google.com
 racarr@google.com
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index e918dc9..be04c09 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "Client.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "RefreshRateOverlay.h"
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 
@@ -249,6 +250,14 @@
     createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
 }
 
+void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRenderRate(Fps renderFps) {
+    if (mFeatures.test(Features::RenderRate) && mVsyncRate && flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled()) {
+        mRenderFps = renderFps;
+        const auto buffer = getOrCreateBuffers(*mVsyncRate, renderFps)[mFrame];
+        createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
+    }
+}
+
 void RefreshRateOverlay::animate() {
     if (!mFeatures.test(Features::Spinner) || !mVsyncRate) return;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index c0fc79b..ae334e5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     void setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack);
     void setViewport(ui::Size);
     void changeRefreshRate(Fps, Fps);
+    void changeRenderRate(Fps);
     void animate();
     bool isSetByHwc() const { return mFeatures.test(RefreshRateOverlay::Features::SetByHwc); }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
index 0784251..875bdc8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
@@ -116,12 +116,24 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // Vote the small dirty when a layer contains at least HISTORY_SIZE of small dirty updates.
+    bool isSmallDirty = false;
+    if (smallDirtyCount >= kNumSmallDirtyThreshold) {
+        if (mLastSmallDirtyCount >= HISTORY_SIZE) {
+            isSmallDirty = true;
+        } else {
+            mLastSmallDirtyCount++;
+        }
+    } else {
+        mLastSmallDirtyCount = 0;
+    }
+
     if (isFrequent || isInfrequent) {
         // If the layer was previously inconclusive, we clear
         // the history as indeterminate layers changed to frequent,
         // and we should not look at the stale data.
         return {isFrequent, isFrequent && !mIsFrequencyConclusive, /* isConclusive */ true,
-                /* isSmallDirty */ smallDirtyCount >= kNumSmallDirtyThreshold};
+                isSmallDirty};
     }
 
     // If we can't determine whether the layer is frequent or not, we return
@@ -324,6 +336,7 @@
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("infrequent");
         ALOGV("%s is infrequent", mName.c_str());
         mLastRefreshRate.infrequent = true;
+        mLastSmallDirtyCount = 0;
         // Infrequent layers vote for minimal refresh rate for
         // battery saving purposes and also to prevent b/135718869.
         votes.push_back({LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, Fps()});
@@ -334,7 +347,7 @@
         clearHistory(now);
     }
 
-    // Return no vote if the latest frames are small dirty.
+    // Return no vote if the recent frames are small dirty.
     if (frequent.isSmallDirty && !mLastRefreshRate.reported.isValid()) {
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("NoVote (small dirty)");
         ALOGV("%s is small dirty", mName.c_str());
@@ -490,6 +503,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy LayerInfo::convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(
+        int8_t strategy) {
+    switch (strategy) {
+        case ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF:
+            return FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self;
+        case ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_OVERRIDE_CHILDREN:
+            return FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren;
+        default:
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Invalid frame rate selection strategy value %d", strategy);
+            return FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self;
+    }
+}
+
 bool LayerInfo::FrameRate::isNoVote() const {
     return vote.type == FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index 7fe407f..129b4c4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@
         ftl_last = NoVote
     };
 
+    enum class FrameRateSelectionStrategy {
+        Self,
+        OverrideChildren,
+
+        ftl_last = OverrideChildren
+    };
+
     // Encapsulates the frame rate specifications of the layer. This information will be used
     // when the display refresh rate is determined.
     struct FrameRate {
@@ -139,11 +146,11 @@
         static FrameRateCompatibility convertCompatibility(int8_t compatibility);
 
         // Convert an ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_* value to a scheduler::Seamlessness.
-        // Logs fatal if the compatibility value is invalid.
+        // Logs fatal if the strategy value is invalid.
         static scheduler::Seamlessness convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(int8_t strategy);
 
         // Convert an ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_CATEGORY_* value to a FrameRateCategory.
-        // Logs fatal if the compatibility value is invalid.
+        // Logs fatal if the category value is invalid.
         static FrameRateCategory convertCategory(int8_t category);
 
         // True if the FrameRate has explicit frame rate specifications.
@@ -164,6 +171,10 @@
         }
     };
 
+    // Convert an ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_* value to FrameRateSelectionStrategy.
+    // Logs fatal if the strategy value is invalid.
+    static FrameRateSelectionStrategy convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(int8_t strategy);
+
     static void setTraceEnabled(bool enabled) { sTraceEnabled = enabled; }
 
     LayerInfo(const std::string& name, uid_t ownerUid, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType defaultVote);
@@ -346,6 +357,10 @@
 
     RefreshRateHistory mRefreshRateHistory;
 
+    // This will be accessed from only one thread when counting a layer is frequent or infrequent,
+    // and to determine whether a layer is in small dirty updating.
+    mutable int32_t mLastSmallDirtyCount = 0;
+
     mutable std::unordered_map<LayerHistory::LayerVoteType, std::string> mTraceTags;
 
     // Shared for all LayerInfo instances
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index 5a00972..b06723d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
 #include "RefreshRateSelector.h"
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 
 #include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
 
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
     using fps_approx_ops::operator/;
     // use signed type as `fps / range.max` might be 0
     auto start = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(peakFps / range.max) - 1);
-    if (flags::vrr_config()) {
+    if (flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled()) {
         start = std::max(1,
                          static_cast<int>(vsyncRate /
                                           std::min(range.max, peakFps, fps_approx_ops::operator<)) -
@@ -905,7 +906,8 @@
         }
 
         for (const auto& layer : layersWithSameUid) {
-            if (layer->vote == LayerVoteType::NoVote || layer->vote == LayerVoteType::Min) {
+            if (layer->isNoVote() || layer->frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::NoPreference ||
+                layer->vote == LayerVoteType::Min) {
                 continue;
             }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 66a3a8e..4959e25 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 #include "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h"
 #include "Utils/Dumper.h"
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 #include "WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h"
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/DisplayDecorationSupport.h>
@@ -498,7 +499,6 @@
     mMiscFlagValue = flags::misc1();
     mConnectedDisplayFlagValue = flags::connected_display();
     mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue = flags::late_boot_misc2();
-    mVrrConfigFlagValue = flags::vrr_config();
 }
 
 LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
@@ -1355,8 +1355,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (!display->isPoweredOn()) {
-            // Display is no longer powered on, so abort the mode change.
+        if (!shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(*display)) {
             clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
             continue;
         }
@@ -3953,8 +3952,9 @@
 
         if (!display) continue;
 
-        if (!display->isPoweredOn()) {
-            ALOGV("%s(%s): Display is powered off", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
+        if (ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+            !shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(*display)) {
+            ALOGV("%s(%s): Skipped applying policy", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -5206,6 +5206,14 @@
             flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
         }
     }
+    if (what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged) {
+        const scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy strategy =
+                scheduler::LayerInfo::convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(
+                        s.frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+        if (layer->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(strategy)) {
+            flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
+        }
+    }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
         if (layer->setFixedTransformHint(s.fixedTransformHint)) {
             flags |= eTraversalNeeded | eTransformHintUpdateNeeded;
@@ -6410,7 +6418,8 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "Misc2FlagValue: %s (%s after boot)\n",
                   mMisc2FlagLateBootValue ? "true" : "false",
                   mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue == mMisc2FlagLateBootValue ? "stable" : "modified");
-    StringAppendF(&result, "VrrConfigFlagValue: %s\n", mVrrConfigFlagValue ? "true" : "false");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "VrrConfigFlagValue: %s\n",
+                  flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled() ? "true" : "false");
 
     getRenderEngine().dump(result);
 
@@ -7019,7 +7028,10 @@
             }
             case 1041: { // Transaction tracing
                 if (mTransactionTracing) {
-                    if (data.readInt32()) {
+                    int arg = data.readInt32();
+                    if (arg == -1) {
+                        mTransactionTracing.reset();
+                    } else if (arg > 0) {
                         // Transaction tracing is always running but allow the user to temporarily
                         // increase the buffer when actively debugging.
                         mTransactionTracing->setBufferSize(
@@ -7829,7 +7841,10 @@
                                                      displayBrightnessNits);
                 }
             }
-            if (requestedDataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN) {
+
+            // Screenshots leaving the device should be colorimetric
+            if (requestedDataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN &&
+                renderArea->getHintForSeamlessTransition()) {
                 renderIntent = state.renderIntent;
             }
         }
@@ -7873,6 +7888,10 @@
             }
         }
 
+        // Screenshots leaving the device must not dim in gamma space.
+        const bool dimInGammaSpaceForEnhancedScreenshots = mDimInGammaSpaceForEnhancedScreenshots &&
+                renderArea->getHintForSeamlessTransition();
+
         std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> output = createScreenCaptureOutput(
                 ScreenCaptureOutputArgs{.compositionEngine = *compositionEngine,
                                         .colorProfile = colorProfile,
@@ -7885,7 +7904,7 @@
                                         .regionSampling = regionSampling,
                                         .treat170mAsSrgb = mTreat170mAsSrgb,
                                         .dimInGammaSpaceForEnhancedScreenshots =
-                                                mDimInGammaSpaceForEnhancedScreenshots});
+                                                dimInGammaSpaceForEnhancedScreenshots});
 
         const float colorSaturation = grayscale ? 0 : 1;
         compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs{
@@ -8031,17 +8050,33 @@
             break;
     }
 
-    // TODO(b/255635711): Apply the policy once the display is powered on, which is currently only
-    // done for the internal display that becomes active on fold/unfold. For now, assume that DM
-    // always powers on the secondary (internal or external) display before setting its policy.
-    if (!display->isPoweredOn()) {
-        ALOGV("%s(%s): Display is powered off", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
+    if (!shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(*display)) {
+        ALOGV("%s(%s): Skipped applying policy", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
     return applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(displayId, selector);
 }
 
+bool SurfaceFlinger::shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(const DisplayDevice& display) const {
+    if (display.isPoweredOn() || mPhysicalDisplays.size() == 1) return true;
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(display.isVirtual());
+    const auto displayId = display.getPhysicalId();
+
+    // The display is powered off, and this is a multi-display device. If the display is the
+    // inactive internal display of a dual-display foldable, then the policy will be applied
+    // when it becomes active upon powering on.
+    //
+    // TODO(b/255635711): Remove this function (i.e. returning `false` as a special case) once
+    // concurrent mode setting across multiple (potentially powered off) displays is supported.
+    //
+    return displayId == mActiveDisplayId ||
+            !mPhysicalDisplays.get(displayId)
+                     .transform(&PhysicalDisplay::isInternal)
+                     .value_or(false);
+}
+
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId, const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector& selector, bool force) {
     const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::Policy currentPolicy = selector.getCurrentPolicy();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index ef6b815..f9ea2ee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -705,6 +705,9 @@
             const sp<DisplayDevice>&, const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::PolicyVariant&)
             EXCLUDES(mStateLock) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
+    bool shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(const DisplayDevice&) const
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
+
     // TODO(b/241285191): Look up RefreshRateSelector on Scheduler to remove redundant parameter.
     status_t applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(PhysicalDisplayId,
                                             const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector&,
@@ -1457,7 +1460,6 @@
     bool mConnectedDisplayFlagValue;
     bool mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue;
     bool mMisc2FlagLateBootValue;
-    bool mVrrConfigFlagValue;
 };
 
 class SurfaceComposerAIDL : public gui::BnSurfaceComposer {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp
index 474fef8..25e768e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
         mMode = static_cast<LayerTracing::Mode>(config.mode());
     } else {
         mMode = LayerTracing::Mode::MODE_GENERATED;
-        ALOGV("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'GENERATED' as default");
+        ALOGD("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'GENERATED' as default");
     }
 
     mFlags = 0;
@@ -62,21 +62,21 @@
 }
 
 void LayerDataSource::OnStart(const LayerDataSource::StartArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStart event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
+    ALOGD("Received OnStart event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
     if (auto* p = mLayerTracing.load()) {
         p->onStart(mMode, mFlags);
     }
 }
 
 void LayerDataSource::OnFlush(const LayerDataSource::FlushArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnFlush event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
+    ALOGD("Received OnFlush event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
     if (auto* p = mLayerTracing.load()) {
         p->onFlush(mMode, mFlags);
     }
 }
 
 void LayerDataSource::OnStop(const LayerDataSource::StopArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStop event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
+    ALOGD("Received OnStop event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
     if (auto* p = mLayerTracing.load()) {
         p->onStop(mMode);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
index e55b4c2..403e105 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@
     LayerDataSource::Initialize(*this);
 }
 
+LayerTracing::LayerTracing(std::ostream& outStream) : LayerTracing() {
+    mOutStream = std::ref(outStream);
+}
+
 LayerTracing::~LayerTracing() {
     LayerDataSource::UnregisterLayerTracing();
 }
@@ -49,10 +53,6 @@
     mTransactionTracing = &transactionTracing;
 }
 
-void LayerTracing::setOutputStream(std::ostream& outStream) {
-    mOutStream = std::ref(outStream);
-}
-
 void LayerTracing::onStart(Mode mode, uint32_t flags) {
     switch (mode) {
         case Mode::MODE_ACTIVE: {
@@ -63,18 +63,17 @@
             // taken. Let's manually take a snapshot, so that the trace's first entry will contain
             // the current layers state.
             addProtoSnapshotToOstream(mTakeLayersSnapshotProto(flags), Mode::MODE_ACTIVE);
-            ALOGV("Started active tracing (traced initial snapshot)");
+            ALOGD("Started active tracing (traced initial snapshot)");
             break;
         }
         case Mode::MODE_GENERATED: {
-            ALOGV("Started generated tracing (waiting for OnFlush event to generated layers)");
+            ALOGD("Started generated tracing (waiting for OnFlush event to generated layers)");
             break;
         }
         case Mode::MODE_DUMP: {
-            ALOGV("Starting dump tracing (dumping single snapshot)");
             auto snapshot = mTakeLayersSnapshotProto(flags);
             addProtoSnapshotToOstream(std::move(snapshot), Mode::MODE_DUMP);
-            ALOGV("Started dump tracing (dumped single snapshot)");
+            ALOGD("Started dump tracing (dumped single snapshot)");
             break;
         }
         default: {
@@ -91,19 +90,19 @@
     }
 
     if (!mTransactionTracing) {
-        ALOGV("Skipping layers trace generation (transactions tracing disabled)");
+        ALOGD("Skipping layers trace generation (transactions tracing disabled)");
         return;
     }
 
     auto transactionTrace = mTransactionTracing->writeToProto();
-    LayerTraceGenerator{}.generate(transactionTrace, flags);
-    ALOGV("Flushed generated tracing");
+    LayerTraceGenerator{}.generate(transactionTrace, flags, *this);
+    ALOGD("Flushed generated tracing");
 }
 
 void LayerTracing::onStop(Mode mode) {
     if (mode == Mode::MODE_ACTIVE) {
         mIsActiveTracingStarted.store(false);
-        ALOGV("Stopped active tracing");
+        ALOGD("Stopped active tracing");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
index 349cc40..fe7f06d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@
     };
 
     LayerTracing();
+    LayerTracing(std::ostream&);
     ~LayerTracing();
     void setTakeLayersSnapshotProtoFunction(
             const std::function<perfetto::protos::LayersSnapshotProto(uint32_t)>&);
     void setTransactionTracing(TransactionTracing&);
-    void setOutputStream(std::ostream&);
 
     // Start event from perfetto data source
     void onStart(Mode mode, uint32_t flags);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp
index 05b89b8..6c9ed30 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp
@@ -49,26 +49,26 @@
         mMode = static_cast<TransactionTracing::Mode>(config.mode());
     } else {
         mMode = TransactionTracing::Mode::MODE_CONTINUOUS;
-        ALOGV("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'CONTINUOUS' as default");
+        ALOGD("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'CONTINUOUS' as default");
     }
 }
 
 void TransactionDataSource::OnStart(const StartArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStart event");
+    ALOGD("Received OnStart event");
     if (auto* p = mTransactionTracing.load()) {
         p->onStart(mMode);
     }
 }
 
 void TransactionDataSource::OnFlush(const FlushArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnFlush event");
+    ALOGD("Received OnFlush event");
     if (auto* p = mTransactionTracing.load()) {
         p->onFlush(mMode);
     }
 }
 
 void TransactionDataSource::OnStop(const StopArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStop event");
+    ALOGD("Received OnStop event");
 }
 
 TransactionTracing::Mode TransactionDataSource::GetMode() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
index 0517984..9d6d87e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 
     writeRingBufferToPerfetto(TransactionTracing::Mode::MODE_ACTIVE);
 
-    ALOGV("Started active mode tracing (wrote initial transactions ring buffer to perfetto)");
+    ALOGD("Started active mode tracing (wrote initial transactions ring buffer to perfetto)");
 }
 
 void TransactionTracing::onFlush(TransactionTracing::Mode mode) {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 
     writeRingBufferToPerfetto(TransactionTracing::Mode::MODE_CONTINUOUS);
 
-    ALOGV("Flushed continuous mode tracing (wrote transactions ring buffer to perfetto");
+    ALOGD("Flushed continuous mode tracing (wrote transactions ring buffer to perfetto");
 }
 
 void TransactionTracing::writeRingBufferToPerfetto(TransactionTracing::Mode mode) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
index 62c362e..23fe8fa 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
 
 bool LayerTraceGenerator::generate(const perfetto::protos::TransactionTraceFile& traceFile,
-                                   std::uint32_t traceFlags,
-                                   std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<std::ostream>> outStream,
+                                   std::uint32_t traceFlags, LayerTracing& layerTracing,
                                    bool onlyLastEntry) {
     if (traceFile.entry_size() == 0) {
         ALOGD("Trace file is empty");
@@ -51,11 +50,6 @@
 
     TransactionProtoParser parser(std::make_unique<TransactionProtoParser::FlingerDataMapper>());
 
-    LayerTracing layerTracing;
-    if (outStream) {
-        layerTracing.setOutputStream(outStream->get());
-    }
-
     // frontend
     frontend::LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
     frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder{{}};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h
index 2bb6f51..e4d02ca 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 class LayerTraceGenerator {
 public:
     bool generate(const perfetto::protos::TransactionTraceFile&, std::uint32_t traceFlags,
-                  std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<std::ostream>> outStream = std::nullopt,
-                  bool onlyLastEntry = false);
+                  LayerTracing& layerTracing, bool onlyLastEntry = false);
 };
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp
index a8ac36a..65e8479 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
             (argc == 3) ? argv[2] : "/data/misc/wmtrace/layers_trace.winscope";
     auto outStream = std::ofstream{outputLayersTracePath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::app};
 
+    auto layerTracing = LayerTracing{outStream};
+
     const bool generateLastEntryOnly =
             argc >= 4 && std::string_view(argv[3]) == "--last-entry-only";
 
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@
     ALOGD("Generating %s...", outputLayersTracePath);
     std::cout << "Generating " << outputLayersTracePath << "\n";
 
-    if (!LayerTraceGenerator().generate(transactionTraceFile, traceFlags, outStream,
+    if (!LayerTraceGenerator().generate(transactionTraceFile, traceFlags, layerTracing,
                                         generateLastEntryOnly)) {
         std::cout << "Error: Failed to generate layers trace " << outputLayersTracePath;
         return -1;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FlagUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FlagUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8435f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FlagUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android::flagutils {
+
+using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+using namespace com::android::graphics::surfaceflinger;
+
+inline bool vrrConfigEnabled() {
+    static const bool enable_vrr_config =
+            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_vrr_config"s, false);
+    return flags::vrr_config() || enable_vrr_config;
+}
+} // namespace android::flagutils
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
index b6cd7b8..aeceadb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@
         "skia_renderengine_deps",
     ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
-    sanitize: {
-        address: true,
-    },
     srcs: [
         ":libsurfaceflinger_sources",
         ":libsurfaceflinger_mock_sources",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp
index 7a07634..2fcb9e0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <LayerProtoHelper.h>
+#include <Tracing/LayerTracing.h>
 #include <Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h>
 #include <Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h>
 #include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@
         {
             auto traceFlags = LayerTracing::TRACE_INPUT | LayerTracing::TRACE_BUFFERS;
             std::ofstream outStream{actualLayersTracePath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::app};
-            EXPECT_TRUE(LayerTraceGenerator().generate(mTransactionTrace, traceFlags, outStream,
+            auto layerTracing = LayerTracing{outStream};
+            EXPECT_TRUE(LayerTraceGenerator().generate(mTransactionTrace, traceFlags, layerTracing,
                                                        /*onlyLastEntry=*/true))
                     << "Failed to generate layers trace from " << transactionTracePath;
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 8deff85..f4516c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
         "FramebufferSurfaceTest.cpp",
         "FrameRateOverrideMappingsTest.cpp",
         "FrameRateSelectionPriorityTest.cpp",
+        "FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp",
         "FrameTimelineTest.cpp",
         "GameModeTest.cpp",
         "HWComposerTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe6f24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
+
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerTestUtils.h"
+#include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::DoAll;
+using testing::Mock;
+using testing::SetArgPointee;
+
+using android::Hwc2::IComposer;
+using android::Hwc2::IComposerClient;
+
+using scheduler::LayerHistory;
+
+using FrameRate = Layer::FrameRate;
+using FrameRateCompatibility = Layer::FrameRateCompatibility;
+using FrameRateSelectionStrategy = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests the behaviour of Layer::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy.
+ */
+class FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest : public BaseLayerTest {
+protected:
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE1 = FrameRate(11_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE2 = FrameRate(22_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE3 = FrameRate(33_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_TREE = FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+
+    FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest();
+
+    void addChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child);
+    void removeChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child);
+    void commitTransaction();
+
+    std::vector<sp<Layer>> mLayers;
+};
+
+FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest() {
+    const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+    ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+
+    mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
+}
+
+void FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::addChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child) {
+    layer->addChild(child);
+}
+
+void FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::removeChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child) {
+    layer->removeChild(child);
+}
+
+void FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::commitTransaction() {
+    for (auto layer : mLayers) {
+        layer->commitTransaction();
+    }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerLayerType, FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest,
+                         testing::Values(std::make_shared<BufferStateLayerFactory>(),
+                                         std::make_shared<EffectLayerFactory>()),
+                         PrintToStringParamName);
+
+TEST_P(FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest, SetAndGet) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
+
+    const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
+    auto layer = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    layer->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    layer->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    commitTransaction();
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+}
+
+TEST_P(FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest, SetChildAndGetParent) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
+
+    const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
+    auto parent = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto child1 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto child2 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    addChild(parent, child1);
+    addChild(child1, child2);
+
+    child2->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    child2->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    commitTransaction();
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_TREE, parent->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              parent->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_TREE, child1->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              child1->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, child2->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              child2->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+}
+
+TEST_P(FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest, SetParentAndGet) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
+
+    const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
+    auto layer1 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto layer2 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto layer3 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    addChild(layer1, layer2);
+    addChild(layer2, layer3);
+
+    layer1->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    layer1->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    layer1->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    layer2->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE2.vote);
+    layer2->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    layer3->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE3.vote);
+    commitTransaction();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer1->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer1->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer2->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer2->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer3->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              layer3->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
index acfde71..d7ac038 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
@@ -346,6 +346,18 @@
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
+    void setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(uint32_t id, int8_t strategy) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what =
+                layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
     void setRoundedCorners(uint32_t id, float radius) {
         std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
         transactions.emplace_back();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index c432ad0..7e3e61f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -1124,8 +1124,8 @@
 
     LayerHistory::Summary summary;
 
-    // layer1 is active but infrequent.
-    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
+    // layer1 is updating small dirty.
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE + FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE + 1; i++) {
         auto props = layer1->getLayerProps();
         props.isSmallDirty = true;
         history().record(layer1->getSequence(), props, 0 /*presentTime*/, time,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
index 767dd4f..1a9233d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
@@ -743,6 +743,50 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, frameRateSelectionStrategy) {
+    // ROOT
+    // ├── 1
+    // │   ├── 11
+    // │   │   └── 111
+    // │   ├── 12 (frame rate set to 244.f with strategy OverrideChildren)
+    // │   │   ├── 121
+    // │   │   └── 122 (frame rate set to 123.f but should be overridden by layer 12)
+    // │   │       └── 1221
+    // │   └── 13
+    // └── 2
+    setFrameRate(12, 244.f, 0, 0);
+    setFrameRate(122, 123.f, 0, 0);
+    setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(12, 1 /* OverrideChildren */);
+
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    // verify parent 1 gets no vote
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot({.id = 1})->frameRate.vote.rate.isValid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 1})->frameRate.vote.type,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 1})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    // verify layer 12 and all descendants (121, 122, 1221) get the requested vote
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 12})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 12})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 12})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 121})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 121})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 121})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 122})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 122})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 122})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+}
+
 TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, skipRoundCornersWhenProtected) {
     setRoundedCorners(1, 42.f);
     setRoundedCorners(2, 42.f);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
index 24eb318..3a5fdf9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
@@ -476,6 +476,37 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, powerOffDuringModeSet) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->isPoweredOn());
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                                  mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId90.value(),
+                                                                               false, 0.f, 120.f)));
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
+
+    // Power off the display before the mode has been set.
+    mDisplay->setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::OFF);
+
+    const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = true};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(kInnerDisplayHwcId,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kModeId90.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    // Powering off should not abort the mode set.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isPoweredOn());
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, powerOffDuringConcurrentModeSet) {
     const auto [innerDisplay, outerDisplay] = injectOuterDisplay();
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(innerDisplay->isPoweredOn());
@@ -516,6 +547,7 @@
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
+    // Powering off the inactive display should abort the mode set.
     EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
     EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
@@ -523,6 +555,28 @@
 
     EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
     EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
+
+    innerDisplay->setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::OFF);
+    outerDisplay->setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON);
+
+    // Only the outer display is powered on.
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(innerDisplay.get(), *outerDisplay);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(kOuterDisplayHwcId,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kModeId60.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    // The mode set should resume once the display becomes active.
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId60));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/WindowInfosListenerUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/WindowInfosListenerUtils.h
index 8e28a75..11723c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/WindowInfosListenerUtils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/WindowInfosListenerUtils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@
 #include <future>
 
 namespace android {
-using Transaction = SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction;
+
+using base::HwTimeoutMultiplier;
 using gui::DisplayInfo;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 
@@ -36,7 +38,8 @@
         auto listener = sp<WindowInfosListener>::make(std::move(predicate), promise);
         mClient->addWindowInfosListener(listener);
         auto future = promise.get_future();
-        bool satisfied = future.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds{1}) == std::future_status::ready;
+        bool satisfied = future.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds{5 * HwTimeoutMultiplier()}) ==
+                std::future_status::ready;
         mClient->removeWindowInfosListener(listener);
         return satisfied;
     }