diff --git a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/gamma_tonemap.png b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/gamma_tonemap.png
index a02fd89..f739fa2 100644
--- a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/gamma_tonemap.png
+++ b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/gamma_tonemap.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/inverse_tonemap.png b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/inverse_tonemap.png
index c309ac5..4b45e3a 100644
--- a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/inverse_tonemap.png
+++ b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/inverse_tonemap.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/linear_tonemap.png b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/linear_tonemap.png
index 414fad4..748d1a2 100644
--- a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/linear_tonemap.png
+++ b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/linear_tonemap.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/rec709_tonemap.png b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/rec709_tonemap.png
index c147a87..6e436ba 100644
--- a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/rec709_tonemap.png
+++ b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/rec709_tonemap.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/srgb_tonemap.png b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/srgb_tonemap.png
index 4ce2125..9776874 100644
--- a/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/srgb_tonemap.png
+++ b/docs/images/camera2/metadata/android.tonemap.curveRed/srgb_tonemap.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index cfcafab..15c86eb 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
 
     static const char* getLabel(int32_t keyCode);
     static int32_t getKeyCodeFromLabel(const char* label);
-    
+
     void initialize(
             int32_t deviceId,
             int32_t source,
@@ -373,6 +373,10 @@
 
     virtual int32_t getType() const { return AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION; }
 
+    inline int32_t getDisplayId() const { return mDisplayId; }
+
+    inline void setDisplayId(int32_t displayId) { mDisplayId = displayId; }
+
     inline int32_t getAction() const { return mAction; }
 
     inline int32_t getActionMasked() const { return mAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK; }
@@ -556,6 +560,7 @@
     void initialize(
             int32_t deviceId,
             int32_t source,
+            int32_t displayId,
             int32_t action,
             int32_t actionButton,
             int32_t flags,
@@ -609,6 +614,7 @@
     static int32_t getAxisFromLabel(const char* label);
 
 protected:
+    int32_t mDisplayId;
     int32_t mAction;
     int32_t mActionButton;
     int32_t mFlags;
diff --git a/include/input/InputTransport.h b/include/input/InputTransport.h
index 1ea2c2c..ee52661 100644
--- a/include/input/InputTransport.h
+++ b/include/input/InputTransport.h
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@
             nsecs_t eventTime __attribute__((aligned(8)));
             int32_t deviceId;
             int32_t source;
-            int32_t displayId;
             int32_t action;
             int32_t flags;
             int32_t keyCode;
@@ -305,7 +304,7 @@
      * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
      */
     status_t consume(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, bool consumeBatches,
-            nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent, int32_t* displayId);
+            nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
 
     /* Sends a finished signal to the publisher to inform it that the message
      * with the specified sequence number has finished being process and whether
@@ -460,10 +459,9 @@
     Vector<SeqChain> mSeqChains;
 
     status_t consumeBatch(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-            nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent, int32_t* displayId);
+            nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
     status_t consumeSamples(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-            Batch& batch, size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent,
-            int32_t* displayId);
+            Batch& batch, size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
 
     void updateTouchState(InputMessage& msg);
     void resampleTouchState(nsecs_t frameTime, MotionEvent* event,
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index a624663..db27e11 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@
 void MotionEvent::initialize(
         int32_t deviceId,
         int32_t source,
+        int32_t displayId,
         int32_t action,
         int32_t actionButton,
         int32_t flags,
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@
         const PointerProperties* pointerProperties,
         const PointerCoords* pointerCoords) {
     InputEvent::initialize(deviceId, source);
+    mDisplayId = displayId;
     mAction = action;
     mActionButton = actionButton;
     mFlags = flags;
@@ -251,6 +253,7 @@
 
 void MotionEvent::copyFrom(const MotionEvent* other, bool keepHistory) {
     InputEvent::initialize(other->mDeviceId, other->mSource);
+    mDisplayId = other->mDisplayId;
     mAction = other->mAction;
     mActionButton = other->mActionButton;
     mFlags = other->mFlags;
@@ -431,6 +434,7 @@
 
     mDeviceId = parcel->readInt32();
     mSource = parcel->readInt32();
+    mDisplayId = parcel->readInt32();
     mAction = parcel->readInt32();
     mActionButton = parcel->readInt32();
     mFlags = parcel->readInt32();
@@ -480,6 +484,7 @@
 
     parcel->writeInt32(mDeviceId);
     parcel->writeInt32(mSource);
+    parcel->writeInt32(mDisplayId);
     parcel->writeInt32(mAction);
     parcel->writeInt32(mActionButton);
     parcel->writeInt32(mFlags);
diff --git a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
index aa0bf17..f1c3fea 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
@@ -303,13 +303,15 @@
         const PointerCoords* pointerCoords) {
 #if DEBUG_TRANSPORT_ACTIONS
     ALOGD("channel '%s' publisher ~ publishMotionEvent: seq=%u, deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, "
+            "displayId=%" PRId32 ", "
             "action=0x%x, actionButton=0x%08x, flags=0x%x, edgeFlags=0x%x, "
             "metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x, xOffset=%f, yOffset=%f, "
             "xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, downTime=%" PRId64 ", eventTime=%" PRId64 ", "
             "pointerCount=%" PRIu32,
             mChannel->getName().c_str(), seq,
-            deviceId, source, action, actionButton, flags, edgeFlags, metaState, buttonState,
-            xOffset, yOffset, xPrecision, yPrecision, downTime, eventTime, pointerCount);
+            deviceId, source, displayId, action, actionButton, flags, edgeFlags, metaState,
+            buttonState, xOffset, yOffset, xPrecision, yPrecision, downTime, eventTime,
+            pointerCount);
 #endif
 
     if (!seq) {
@@ -398,8 +400,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t InputConsumer::consume(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-        bool consumeBatches, nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent,
-        int32_t* displayId) {
+        bool consumeBatches, nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
 #if DEBUG_TRANSPORT_ACTIONS
     ALOGD("channel '%s' consumer ~ consume: consumeBatches=%s, frameTime=%" PRId64,
             mChannel->getName().c_str(), consumeBatches ? "true" : "false", frameTime);
@@ -407,7 +408,6 @@
 
     *outSeq = 0;
     *outEvent = NULL;
-    *displayId = -1;  // Invalid display.
 
     // Fetch the next input message.
     // Loop until an event can be returned or no additional events are received.
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
             if (result) {
                 // Consume the next batched event unless batches are being held for later.
                 if (consumeBatches || result != WOULD_BLOCK) {
-                    result = consumeBatch(factory, frameTime, outSeq, outEvent, displayId);
+                    result = consumeBatch(factory, frameTime, outSeq, outEvent);
                     if (*outEvent) {
 #if DEBUG_TRANSPORT_ACTIONS
                         ALOGD("channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed batch event, seq=%u",
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
                     // the previous batch right now and defer the new message until later.
                     mMsgDeferred = true;
                     status_t result = consumeSamples(factory,
-                            batch, batch.samples.size(), outSeq, outEvent, displayId);
+                            batch, batch.samples.size(), outSeq, outEvent);
                     mBatches.removeAt(batchIndex);
                     if (result) {
                         return result;
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
             initializeMotionEvent(motionEvent, &mMsg);
             *outSeq = mMsg.body.motion.seq;
             *outEvent = motionEvent;
-            *displayId = mMsg.body.motion.displayId;
+
 #if DEBUG_TRANSPORT_ACTIONS
             ALOGD("channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed motion event, seq=%u",
                     mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
@@ -518,14 +518,13 @@
 }
 
 status_t InputConsumer::consumeBatch(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-        nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent, int32_t* displayId) {
+        nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
     status_t result;
     for (size_t i = mBatches.size(); i > 0; ) {
         i--;
         Batch& batch = mBatches.editItemAt(i);
         if (frameTime < 0) {
-            result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, batch.samples.size(),
-                    outSeq, outEvent, displayId);
+            result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, batch.samples.size(), outSeq, outEvent);
             mBatches.removeAt(i);
             return result;
         }
@@ -539,7 +538,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, split + 1, outSeq, outEvent, displayId);
+        result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, split + 1, outSeq, outEvent);
         const InputMessage* next;
         if (batch.samples.isEmpty()) {
             mBatches.removeAt(i);
@@ -557,7 +556,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t InputConsumer::consumeSamples(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-        Batch& batch, size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent, int32_t* displayId) {
+        Batch& batch, size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
     MotionEvent* motionEvent = factory->createMotionEvent();
     if (! motionEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
 
@@ -572,7 +571,6 @@
             mSeqChains.push(seqChain);
             addSample(motionEvent, &msg);
         } else {
-            *displayId = msg.body.motion.displayId;
             initializeMotionEvent(motionEvent, &msg);
         }
         chain = msg.body.motion.seq;
@@ -950,6 +948,7 @@
     event->initialize(
             msg->body.motion.deviceId,
             msg->body.motion.source,
+            msg->body.motion.displayId,
             msg->body.motion.action,
             msg->body.motion.actionButton,
             msg->body.motion.flags,
diff --git a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
index c07a812..496158b 100644
--- a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 
     // Allow the default strategy to be overridden using a system property for debugging.
     if (!strategy) {
-        int length = property_get("debug.velocitytracker.strategy", value, NULL);
+        int length = property_get("persist.input.velocitytracker.strategy", value, NULL);
         if (length > 0) {
             strategy = value;
         } else {
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
index fd3b7c8..c4b8fe3 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+// Default display id.
+static constexpr int32_t DISPLAY_ID = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+
 class BaseTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     virtual void SetUp() { }
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@
     pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 26);
     pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 27);
     pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 28);
-    event->initialize(2, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0,
+    event->initialize(2, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0,
             AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED,
             AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP, AMETA_ALT_ON, AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY,
             X_OFFSET, Y_OFFSET, 2.0f, 2.1f,
@@ -301,6 +304,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, event->getType());
     ASSERT_EQ(2, event->getDeviceId());
     ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int>(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN), event->getSource());
+    ASSERT_EQ(DISPLAY_ID, event->getDisplayId());
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, event->getAction());
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED, event->getFlags());
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP, event->getEdgeFlags());
@@ -434,6 +438,11 @@
     event.setSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK);
     ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int>(AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK), event.getSource());
 
+    // Set displayId.
+    constexpr int32_t newDisplayId = 2;
+    event.setDisplayId(newDisplayId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(newDisplayId, event.getDisplayId());
+
     // Set action.
     event.setAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL);
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, event.getAction());
@@ -557,7 +566,7 @@
         pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, angle);
     }
     MotionEvent event;
-    event.initialize(0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    event.initialize(0, 0, DISPLAY_ID, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     float originalRawX = 0 + 3;
     float originalRawY = -RADIUS + 2;
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
index c532241..6c4faed 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
@@ -89,9 +89,7 @@
 
     uint32_t consumeSeq;
     InputEvent* event;
-    int32_t displayId;
-    status = mConsumer->consume(&mEventFactory, true /*consumeBatches*/, -1, &consumeSeq, &event,
-            &displayId);
+    status = mConsumer->consume(&mEventFactory, true /*consumeBatches*/, -1, &consumeSeq, &event);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, status)
             << "consumer consume should return OK";
 
@@ -131,23 +129,23 @@
 void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent() {
     status_t status;
 
-    const uint32_t seq = 15;
-    const int32_t deviceId = 1;
-    const int32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
-    int32_t displayId = 0;
-    const int32_t action = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
-    const int32_t actionButton = 0;
-    const int32_t flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
-    const int32_t edgeFlags = AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP;
-    const int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
-    const int32_t buttonState = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
-    const float xOffset = -10;
-    const float yOffset = -20;
-    const float xPrecision = 0.25;
-    const float yPrecision = 0.5;
-    const nsecs_t downTime = 3;
-    const size_t pointerCount = 3;
-    const nsecs_t eventTime = 4;
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
+    constexpr int32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
+    constexpr int32_t displayId = 0;
+    constexpr int32_t action = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
+    constexpr int32_t actionButton = 0;
+    constexpr int32_t flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
+    constexpr int32_t edgeFlags = AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP;
+    constexpr int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
+    constexpr int32_t buttonState = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
+    constexpr float xOffset = -10;
+    constexpr float yOffset = -20;
+    constexpr float xPrecision = 0.25;
+    constexpr float yPrecision = 0.5;
+    constexpr nsecs_t downTime = 3;
+    constexpr size_t pointerCount = 3;
+    constexpr nsecs_t eventTime = 4;
     PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
     PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
     for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
@@ -176,8 +174,7 @@
 
     uint32_t consumeSeq;
     InputEvent* event;
-    status = mConsumer->consume(&mEventFactory, true /*consumeBatches*/, -1, &consumeSeq, &event,
-            &displayId);
+    status = mConsumer->consume(&mEventFactory, true /*consumeBatches*/, -1, &consumeSeq, &event);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, status)
             << "consumer consume should return OK";
 
@@ -190,6 +187,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(seq, consumeSeq);
     EXPECT_EQ(deviceId, motionEvent->getDeviceId());
     EXPECT_EQ(source, motionEvent->getSource());
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayId, motionEvent->getDisplayId());
     EXPECT_EQ(action, motionEvent->getAction());
     EXPECT_EQ(flags, motionEvent->getFlags());
     EXPECT_EQ(edgeFlags, motionEvent->getEdgeFlags());
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp
index d19f3b8..77cce7a 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp
@@ -38,14 +38,13 @@
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, eventTime, 8);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, deviceId, 16);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, source, 20);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, displayId, 24);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, action, 28);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, flags, 32);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, keyCode, 36);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, scanCode, 40);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, metaState, 44);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, repeatCount, 48);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, downTime, 56);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, action, 24);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, flags, 28);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, keyCode, 32);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, scanCode, 36);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, metaState, 40);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, repeatCount, 44);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, downTime, 48);
 
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, seq, 0);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, eventTime, 8);
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
index 43b6012..5242a18 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+constexpr int32_t DISPLAY_ID = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT; // default display id
+
 constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_POINTER_ID = 0; // pointer ID used for manually defined tests
 
 // velocity must be in the range (1-tol)*EV <= velocity <= (1+tol)*EV
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@
     // First sample added separately with initialize
     coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, positions[0].x);
     coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, positions[0].y);
-    event->initialize(0, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
+    event->initialize(0, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, positions[0].time, 1, properties, &coords);
 
     for (size_t i = 1; i < numSamples; i++) {
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp
index 1ae75fb..0144c25 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp
@@ -12,28 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-shared_libraries = [
-    "libbase",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "libgui",
-    "liblog",
-    "libhardware",
-    "libui",
-    "libutils",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-static_libraries = [
-    "libdvr_static",
-    "libchrome",
-    "libdvrcommon",
-    "libdisplay",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-]
-
 cc_test {
     srcs: [
         "dvr_display_manager-test.cpp",
@@ -41,8 +19,26 @@
     ],
 
     header_libs: ["libdvr_headers"],
-    static_libs: static_libraries,
-    shared_libs: shared_libraries,
+    static_libs: [
+        "libdvr_static",
+        "libchrome",
+        "libdvrcommon",
+        "libdisplay",
+        "libbroadcastring",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbufferhubqueue",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libgui",
+        "liblog",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libui",
+        "libutils",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libpdx_default_transport",
+    ],
     cflags: [
         "-DLOG_TAG=\"dvr_api-test\"",
         "-DTRACE=0",
@@ -52,3 +48,55 @@
     ],
     name: "dvr_api-test",
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "dvr_buffer_queue-test",
+
+    // Includes the dvr_api.h header. Tests should only include "dvr_api.h",
+    // and shall only get access to |dvrGetApi|, as other symbols are hidden
+    // from the library.
+    include_dirs: ["frameworks/native/libs/vr/libdvr/include"],
+
+    srcs: ["dvr_buffer_queue-test.cpp"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-DTRACE=0",
+        "-O2",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+
+    // DTS Should only link to NDK libraries.
+    sdk_version: "26",
+    stl: "c++_static",
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "dvr_display-test",
+
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/native/libs/vr/libdvr/include",
+        "frameworks/native/libs/nativewindow/include",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["dvr_display-test.cpp"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-DTRACE=0",
+        "-O2",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+
+    // DTS Should only link to NDK libraries.
+    sdk_version: "26",
+    stl: "c++_static",
+}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.mk b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f3840d..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-# TODO(b/73133405): Currently, building cc_test against NDK using Android.bp
-# doesn't work well. Migrate to use Android.bp once b/73133405 gets fixed.
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE:= dvr_buffer_queue-test
-
-# Includes the dvr_api.h header. Tests should only include "dvr_api.h",
-# and shall only get access to |dvrGetApi|, as other symbols are hidden from the
-# library.
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    frameworks/native/libs/vr/libdvr/include \
-
-LOCAL_SANITIZE := thread
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := dvr_buffer_queue-test.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libandroid \
-    liblog \
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := \
-    -DTRACE=0 \
-    -O2 \
-    -g \
-
-# DTS Should only link to NDK libraries.
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := 26
-LOCAL_NDK_STL_VARIANT := c++_static
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE:= dvr_display-test
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    frameworks/native/libs/vr/libdvr/include \
-    frameworks/native/libs/nativewindow/include
-
-LOCAL_SANITIZE := thread
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := dvr_display-test.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libandroid \
-    liblog
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := \
-    -DTRACE=0 \
-    -O2 \
-    -g
-
-# DTS Should only link to NDK libraries.
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := 26
-LOCAL_NDK_STL_VARIANT := c++_static
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/eglApi.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/eglApi.cpp
index b022a20..36ea3ef 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/eglApi.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/eglApi.cpp
@@ -1042,38 +1042,6 @@
             egl_tls_t::setContext(EGL_NO_CONTEXT);
         }
     } else {
-
-        if (cur_c != NULL) {
-            // Force return to current context for drivers that cannot handle errors
-            EGLBoolean restore_result = EGL_FALSE;
-            // get a reference to the old current objects
-            ContextRef _c2(dp.get(), cur_c);
-            SurfaceRef _d2(dp.get(), cur_c->draw);
-            SurfaceRef _r2(dp.get(), cur_c->read);
-
-            c = cur_c;
-            impl_ctx = c->context;
-            impl_draw = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
-            if (cur_c->draw != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
-                d = get_surface(cur_c->draw);
-                impl_draw = d->surface;
-            }
-            impl_read = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
-            if (cur_c->read != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
-                r = get_surface(cur_c->read);
-                impl_read = r->surface;
-            }
-            restore_result = dp->makeCurrent(c, cur_c,
-                    cur_c->draw, cur_c->read, cur_c->context,
-                    impl_draw, impl_read, impl_ctx);
-            if (restore_result == EGL_TRUE) {
-                _c2.acquire();
-                _r2.acquire();
-                _d2.acquire();
-            } else {
-                ALOGE("Could not restore original EGL context");
-            }
-        }
         // this will ALOGE the error
         egl_connection_t* const cnx = &gEGLImpl;
         result = setError(cnx->egl.eglGetError(), (EGLBoolean)EGL_FALSE);
diff --git a/opengl/libs/tools/genfiles b/opengl/libs/tools/genfiles
deleted file mode 100755
index feef318..0000000
--- a/opengl/libs/tools/genfiles
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Force a specific locale for sorting to avoid irrelevant differences
-# in the generated files that could hide real differences.
-export LC_ALL=POSIX
-
-./glapigen ../../include/GLES/gl.h      > ../GLES_CM/gl_api.in
-./glapigen ../../include/GLES/glext.h   > ../GLES_CM/glext_api.in
-./glapigen ../../include/GLES3/gl3.h    > ../GLES2/gl2_api.in
-./glapigen ../../include/GLES2/gl2ext.h > ../GLES2/gl2ext_api.in
-
-./glentrygen ../../include/GLES/gl.h      > /tmp/gl_entries.in
-./glentrygen ../../include/GLES/glext.h   > /tmp/glext_entries.in
-./glentrygen ../../include/GLES3/gl3.h    > /tmp/gl2_entries.in
-./glentrygen ../../include/GLES2/gl2ext.h > /tmp/gl2ext_entries.in
-
-# The awk command removes lines with the same function name as an earlier
-# line, even if the rest of the line differs. Although signatures of
-# functions with the same name should be the same, the different versions
-# have some irrelevant whitespace and parameter name differences.
-cat /tmp/gl_entries.in \
-    /tmp/glext_entries.in \
-    /tmp/gl2_entries.in \
-    /tmp/gl2ext_entries.in \
-        | sort -t, -k2 \
-        | awk -F, '!_[$2]++' \
-            > ../entries.in
-
-cat ../../include/GLES/gl.h \
-    ../../include/GLES/glext.h \
-    ../../include/GLES2/gl2ext.h \
-    ../../include/GLES3/gl3.h \
-        | ./glenumsgen \
-        | sort \
-        > ../enums.in
-
diff --git a/opengl/libs/tools/glapigen b/opengl/libs/tools/glapigen
deleted file mode 100755
index 4d8334f..0000000
--- a/opengl/libs/tools/glapigen
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-use strict;
-
-sub rtrim($)
-{
-    my $string = shift;
-    $string =~ s/\s+$//;
-    return $string;
-}
-
-while (my $line = <>) {
-  next if $line =~ /^\//;
-  next if $line =~ /^#/;
-  next if $line =~ /^\s*$/;
-  if ($line !~ /^GL_API(CALL)?\s+(.+)\s+GL_APIENTRY\s+([\w]+)\s*\(([^\)]+)\);/) {
-    next;
-  }
-  my $type = rtrim($2);
-  my $name = $3;
-  my $args = $4;
-
-  #printf("%s", $line);
-  
-  my $prefix = "";
-  if ($name eq "glGetString") {
-    $prefix = "__";
-  }
-  
-  printf("%s API_ENTRY(%s%s)(%s)", $type, $prefix, $name, $args);
-  
-  printf(" {\n");
-  if ($type eq "void") {
-    printf("    CALL_GL_API(%s", $name);
-  } else {
-    printf("    CALL_GL_API_RETURN(%s", $name);
-  }
-  my @args = split ',', $args;
-  my $len = scalar(@args);
-  for (my $num = 0; $num < $len; $num++) {
-    if ($args[$num] ne "void") {
-      print ", ";
-      #
-      # extract the name from the parameter
-      # type name
-      # const type *name
-      # type *name
-      # type name[4]
-      #
-      if ($args[$num] =~ /(\S+\s)+\**\s*([\w]+)/) {
-        printf("%s", $2);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  printf(");\n");
-  printf("}\n");
-}
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/opengl/libs/tools/glentrygen b/opengl/libs/tools/glentrygen
deleted file mode 100755
index 170f041..0000000
--- a/opengl/libs/tools/glentrygen
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-use strict;
-
-sub rtrim($)
-{
-    my $string = shift;
-    $string =~ s/\s+$//;
-    return $string;
-}
-
-while (my $line = <>) {
-  next if $line =~ /^\//;
-  next if $line =~ /^#/;
-  next if $line =~ /^\s*$/;
-  if ($line !~ /^GL_API(CALL)?\s+(.+)\s+GL_APIENTRY\s+([\w]+)\s*\(([^\)]+)\);/) {
-    next;
-  }
-  my $type = rtrim($2);
-  my $name = $3;
-  my $args = $4;
-
-  printf("GL_ENTRY(%s, %s, %s)\n", $type, $name, $args);
-}
diff --git a/opengl/libs/tools/glenumsgen b/opengl/libs/tools/glenumsgen
deleted file mode 100755
index 2ae5fbf..0000000
--- a/opengl/libs/tools/glenumsgen
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-use strict;
-
-my %enumHash = ();
-
-while (my $line = <STDIN>) {
-  next if $line =~ /^\//;
-  # Skip bitfield definitions.
-  next if $line =~ /_BIT(\d+_|\s+)/;
-  if ($line !~ /^#define\s+(\S+)\s+(0x\S+)/) {
-    next;
-  }
-  my $enumName = $1;
-  my $enumValue = $2;
-  next if exists($enumHash { $enumValue });
-  $enumHash { $enumValue } = $enumName;
-  printf("GL_ENUM(%s,%s)\n", $enumValue, $enumName);
-}
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 9a449fa..5c078d3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -924,12 +924,13 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::logOutboundMotionDetailsLocked(const char* prefix, const MotionEntry* entry) {
 #if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, policyFlags=0x%x, "
+    ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
+            ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
             "action=0x%x, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, "
             "metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x,"
             "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
             prefix,
-            entry->eventTime, entry->deviceId, entry->source, entry->policyFlags,
+            entry->eventTime, entry->deviceId, entry->source, entry->displayId, entry->policyFlags,
             entry->action, entry->actionButton, entry->flags,
             entry->metaState, entry->buttonState,
             entry->edgeFlags, entry->xPrecision, entry->yPrecision,
@@ -2384,6 +2385,7 @@
             originalMotionEntry->eventTime,
             originalMotionEntry->deviceId,
             originalMotionEntry->source,
+            originalMotionEntry->displayId,
             originalMotionEntry->policyFlags,
             action,
             originalMotionEntry->actionButton,
@@ -2394,7 +2396,6 @@
             originalMotionEntry->xPrecision,
             originalMotionEntry->yPrecision,
             originalMotionEntry->downTime,
-            originalMotionEntry->displayId,
             splitPointerCount, splitPointerProperties, splitPointerCoords, 0, 0);
 
     if (originalMotionEntry->injectionState) {
@@ -2526,10 +2527,11 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyMotion(const NotifyMotionArgs* args) {
 #if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyMotion - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, policyFlags=0x%x, "
+    ALOGD("notifyMotion - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
+            ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
             "action=0x%x, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x,"
             "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
-            args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source, args->policyFlags,
+            args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId, args->policyFlags,
             args->action, args->actionButton, args->flags, args->metaState, args->buttonState,
             args->edgeFlags, args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision, args->downTime);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args->pointerCount; i++) {
@@ -2573,7 +2575,8 @@
             mLock.unlock();
 
             MotionEvent event;
-            event.initialize(args->deviceId, args->source, args->action, args->actionButton,
+            event.initialize(args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId,
+                    args->action, args->actionButton,
                     args->flags, args->edgeFlags, args->metaState, args->buttonState,
                     0, 0, args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision,
                     args->downTime, args->eventTime,
@@ -2589,11 +2592,10 @@
 
         // Just enqueue a new motion event.
         MotionEntry* newEntry = new MotionEntry(args->eventTime,
-                args->deviceId, args->source, policyFlags,
+                args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId, policyFlags,
                 args->action, args->actionButton, args->flags,
                 args->metaState, args->buttonState,
                 args->edgeFlags, args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision, args->downTime,
-                args->displayId,
                 args->pointerCount, args->pointerProperties, args->pointerCoords, 0, 0);
 
         needWake = enqueueInboundEventLocked(newEntry);
@@ -2642,14 +2644,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-int32_t InputDispatcher::injectInputEvent(const InputEvent* event, int32_t displayId,
+int32_t InputDispatcher::injectInputEvent(const InputEvent* event,
         int32_t injectorPid, int32_t injectorUid, int32_t syncMode, int32_t timeoutMillis,
         uint32_t policyFlags) {
 #if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
     ALOGD("injectInputEvent - eventType=%d, injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d, "
-            "syncMode=%d, timeoutMillis=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x, displayId=%d",
-            event->getType(), injectorPid, injectorUid, syncMode, timeoutMillis, policyFlags,
-            displayId);
+            "syncMode=%d, timeoutMillis=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
+            event->getType(), injectorPid, injectorUid, syncMode, timeoutMillis, policyFlags);
 #endif
 
     nsecs_t endTime = now() + milliseconds_to_nanoseconds(timeoutMillis);
@@ -2717,12 +2718,13 @@
         const nsecs_t* sampleEventTimes = motionEvent->getSampleEventTimes();
         const PointerCoords* samplePointerCoords = motionEvent->getSamplePointerCoords();
         firstInjectedEntry = new MotionEntry(*sampleEventTimes,
-                motionEvent->getDeviceId(), motionEvent->getSource(), policyFlags,
+                motionEvent->getDeviceId(), motionEvent->getSource(), motionEvent->getDisplayId(),
+                policyFlags,
                 action, actionButton, motionEvent->getFlags(),
                 motionEvent->getMetaState(), motionEvent->getButtonState(),
                 motionEvent->getEdgeFlags(),
                 motionEvent->getXPrecision(), motionEvent->getYPrecision(),
-                motionEvent->getDownTime(), displayId,
+                motionEvent->getDownTime(),
                 uint32_t(pointerCount), pointerProperties, samplePointerCoords,
                 motionEvent->getXOffset(), motionEvent->getYOffset());
         lastInjectedEntry = firstInjectedEntry;
@@ -2730,12 +2732,13 @@
             sampleEventTimes += 1;
             samplePointerCoords += pointerCount;
             MotionEntry* nextInjectedEntry = new MotionEntry(*sampleEventTimes,
-                    motionEvent->getDeviceId(), motionEvent->getSource(), policyFlags,
+                    motionEvent->getDeviceId(), motionEvent->getSource(),
+                    motionEvent->getDisplayId(), policyFlags,
                     action, actionButton, motionEvent->getFlags(),
                     motionEvent->getMetaState(), motionEvent->getButtonState(),
                     motionEvent->getEdgeFlags(),
                     motionEvent->getXPrecision(), motionEvent->getYPrecision(),
-                    motionEvent->getDownTime(), displayId,
+                    motionEvent->getDownTime(),
                     uint32_t(pointerCount), pointerProperties, samplePointerCoords,
                     motionEvent->getXOffset(), motionEvent->getYOffset());
             lastInjectedEntry->next = nextInjectedEntry;
@@ -4026,18 +4029,19 @@
 // --- InputDispatcher::MotionEntry ---
 
 InputDispatcher::MotionEntry::MotionEntry(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t deviceId,
-        uint32_t source, uint32_t policyFlags, int32_t action, int32_t actionButton,
+        uint32_t source, int32_t displayId, uint32_t policyFlags, int32_t action,
+        int32_t actionButton,
         int32_t flags, int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState, int32_t edgeFlags,
         float xPrecision, float yPrecision, nsecs_t downTime,
-        int32_t displayId, uint32_t pointerCount,
+        uint32_t pointerCount,
         const PointerProperties* pointerProperties, const PointerCoords* pointerCoords,
         float xOffset, float yOffset) :
         EventEntry(TYPE_MOTION, eventTime, policyFlags),
         eventTime(eventTime),
-        deviceId(deviceId), source(source), action(action), actionButton(actionButton),
-        flags(flags), metaState(metaState), buttonState(buttonState),
+        deviceId(deviceId), source(source), displayId(displayId), action(action),
+        actionButton(actionButton), flags(flags), metaState(metaState), buttonState(buttonState),
         edgeFlags(edgeFlags), xPrecision(xPrecision), yPrecision(yPrecision),
-        downTime(downTime), displayId(displayId), pointerCount(pointerCount) {
+        downTime(downTime), pointerCount(pointerCount) {
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
         this->pointerProperties[i].copyFrom(pointerProperties[i]);
         this->pointerCoords[i].copyFrom(pointerCoords[i]);
@@ -4051,11 +4055,12 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::MotionEntry::appendDescription(std::string& msg) const {
-    msg += StringPrintf("MotionEvent(deviceId=%d, source=0x%08x, action=%s, actionButton=0x%08x, "
-            "flags=0x%08x, metaState=0x%08x, buttonState=0x%08x, "
-            "edgeFlags=0x%08x, xPrecision=%.1f, yPrecision=%.1f, displayId=%d, pointers=[",
-            deviceId, source, motionActionToString(action).c_str(), actionButton, flags, metaState,
-            buttonState, edgeFlags, xPrecision, yPrecision, displayId);
+    msg += StringPrintf("MotionEvent(deviceId=%d, source=0x%08x, displayId=%" PRId32
+            ", action=%s, actionButton=0x%08x, flags=0x%08x, metaState=0x%08x, buttonState=0x%08x, "
+            "edgeFlags=0x%08x, xPrecision=%.1f, yPrecision=%.1f, pointers=[",
+            deviceId, source, displayId, motionActionToString(action).c_str(), actionButton, flags,
+            metaState, buttonState, edgeFlags, xPrecision, yPrecision);
+
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
         if (i) {
             msg += ", ";
@@ -4184,8 +4189,8 @@
         }
 #if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
         ALOGD("Dropping inconsistent motion up or cancel event: deviceId=%d, source=%08x, "
-                "actionMasked=%d",
-                entry->deviceId, entry->source, actionMasked);
+                "displayId=%" PRId32 ", actionMasked=%d",
+                entry->deviceId, entry->source, entry->displayId, actionMasked);
 #endif
         return false;
     }
@@ -4237,8 +4242,8 @@
         }
 #if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
         ALOGD("Dropping inconsistent motion pointer up/down or move event: "
-                "deviceId=%d, source=%08x, actionMasked=%d",
-                entry->deviceId, entry->source, actionMasked);
+                "deviceId=%d, source=%08x, displayId=%" PRId32 ", actionMasked=%d",
+                entry->deviceId, entry->source, entry->displayId, actionMasked);
 #endif
         return false;
     }
@@ -4250,8 +4255,9 @@
             return true;
         }
 #if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-        ALOGD("Dropping inconsistent motion hover exit event: deviceId=%d, source=%08x",
-                entry->deviceId, entry->source);
+        ALOGD("Dropping inconsistent motion hover exit event: deviceId=%d, source=%08x, "
+                "displayId=%" PRId32,
+                entry->deviceId, entry->source, entry->displayId);
 #endif
         return false;
     }
@@ -4317,11 +4323,11 @@
     MotionMemento& memento = mMotionMementos.editTop();
     memento.deviceId = entry->deviceId;
     memento.source = entry->source;
+    memento.displayId = entry->displayId;
     memento.flags = flags;
     memento.xPrecision = entry->xPrecision;
     memento.yPrecision = entry->yPrecision;
     memento.downTime = entry->downTime;
-    memento.displayId = entry->displayId;
     memento.setPointers(entry);
     memento.hovering = hovering;
     memento.policyFlags = entry->policyFlags;
@@ -4351,13 +4357,12 @@
         const MotionMemento& memento = mMotionMementos.itemAt(i);
         if (shouldCancelMotion(memento, options)) {
             outEvents.push(new MotionEntry(currentTime,
-                    memento.deviceId, memento.source, memento.policyFlags,
+                    memento.deviceId, memento.source, memento.displayId, memento.policyFlags,
                     memento.hovering
                             ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT
                             : AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL,
                     memento.flags, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                     memento.xPrecision, memento.yPrecision, memento.downTime,
-                    memento.displayId,
                     memento.pointerCount, memento.pointerProperties, memento.pointerCoords,
                     0, 0));
         }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h
index 8da8450..5f76abe 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
      *
      * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager).
      */
-    virtual int32_t injectInputEvent(const InputEvent* event, int32_t displayId,
+    virtual int32_t injectInputEvent(const InputEvent* event,
             int32_t injectorPid, int32_t injectorUid, int32_t syncMode, int32_t timeoutMillis,
             uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
     virtual void notifySwitch(const NotifySwitchArgs* args);
     virtual void notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs* args);
 
-    virtual int32_t injectInputEvent(const InputEvent* event, int32_t displayId,
+    virtual int32_t injectInputEvent(const InputEvent* event,
             int32_t injectorPid, int32_t injectorUid, int32_t syncMode, int32_t timeoutMillis,
             uint32_t policyFlags);
 
@@ -508,6 +508,7 @@
         nsecs_t eventTime;
         int32_t deviceId;
         uint32_t source;
+        int32_t displayId;
         int32_t action;
         int32_t actionButton;
         int32_t flags;
@@ -517,17 +518,15 @@
         float xPrecision;
         float yPrecision;
         nsecs_t downTime;
-        int32_t displayId;
         uint32_t pointerCount;
         PointerProperties pointerProperties[MAX_POINTERS];
         PointerCoords pointerCoords[MAX_POINTERS];
 
         MotionEntry(nsecs_t eventTime,
-                int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, uint32_t policyFlags,
+                int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, int32_t displayId, uint32_t policyFlags,
                 int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags,
                 int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState, int32_t edgeFlags,
-                float xPrecision, float yPrecision, nsecs_t downTime,
-                int32_t displayId, uint32_t pointerCount,
+                float xPrecision, float yPrecision, nsecs_t downTime, uint32_t pointerCount,
                 const PointerProperties* pointerProperties, const PointerCoords* pointerCoords,
                 float xOffset, float yOffset);
         virtual void appendDescription(std::string& msg) const;
@@ -765,11 +764,11 @@
         struct MotionMemento {
             int32_t deviceId;
             uint32_t source;
+            int32_t displayId;
             int32_t flags;
             float xPrecision;
             float yPrecision;
             nsecs_t downTime;
-            int32_t displayId;
             uint32_t pointerCount;
             PointerProperties pointerProperties[MAX_POINTERS];
             PointerCoords pointerCoords[MAX_POINTERS];
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp
index 520fea4..c36d7cf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp
@@ -67,16 +67,17 @@
 // --- NotifyMotionArgs ---
 
 NotifyMotionArgs::NotifyMotionArgs(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source,
-        uint32_t policyFlags,
+        int32_t displayId, uint32_t policyFlags,
         int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags, int32_t metaState,
-        int32_t buttonState, int32_t edgeFlags, int32_t displayId, uint32_t deviceTimestamp,
+        int32_t buttonState, int32_t edgeFlags, uint32_t deviceTimestamp,
         uint32_t pointerCount,
         const PointerProperties* pointerProperties, const PointerCoords* pointerCoords,
         float xPrecision, float yPrecision, nsecs_t downTime) :
-        eventTime(eventTime), deviceId(deviceId), source(source), policyFlags(policyFlags),
+        eventTime(eventTime), deviceId(deviceId), source(source), displayId(displayId),
+        policyFlags(policyFlags),
         action(action), actionButton(actionButton),
         flags(flags), metaState(metaState), buttonState(buttonState),
-        edgeFlags(edgeFlags), displayId(displayId), deviceTimestamp(deviceTimestamp),
+        edgeFlags(edgeFlags), deviceTimestamp(deviceTimestamp),
         pointerCount(pointerCount),
         xPrecision(xPrecision), yPrecision(yPrecision), downTime(downTime) {
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
@@ -87,10 +88,10 @@
 
 NotifyMotionArgs::NotifyMotionArgs(const NotifyMotionArgs& other) :
         eventTime(other.eventTime), deviceId(other.deviceId), source(other.source),
-        policyFlags(other.policyFlags),
+        displayId(other.displayId), policyFlags(other.policyFlags),
         action(other.action), actionButton(other.actionButton), flags(other.flags),
         metaState(other.metaState), buttonState(other.buttonState),
-        edgeFlags(other.edgeFlags), displayId(other.displayId),
+        edgeFlags(other.edgeFlags),
         deviceTimestamp(other.deviceTimestamp), pointerCount(other.pointerCount),
         xPrecision(other.xPrecision), yPrecision(other.yPrecision), downTime(other.downTime) {
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputListener.h b/services/inputflinger/InputListener.h
index 77afb34..d24be4c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputListener.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputListener.h
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
     nsecs_t eventTime;
     int32_t deviceId;
     uint32_t source;
+    int32_t displayId;
     uint32_t policyFlags;
     int32_t action;
     int32_t actionButton;
@@ -89,7 +90,6 @@
     int32_t metaState;
     int32_t buttonState;
     int32_t edgeFlags;
-    int32_t displayId;
     /**
      * A timestamp in the input device's time base, not the platform's.
      * The units are microseconds since the last reset.
@@ -106,10 +106,11 @@
 
     inline NotifyMotionArgs() { }
 
-    NotifyMotionArgs(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, uint32_t policyFlags,
+    NotifyMotionArgs(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, int32_t displayId,
+            uint32_t policyFlags,
             int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags,
             int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState,
-            int32_t edgeFlags, int32_t displayId, uint32_t deviceTimestamp, uint32_t pointerCount,
+            int32_t edgeFlags, uint32_t deviceTimestamp, uint32_t pointerCount,
             const PointerProperties* pointerProperties, const PointerCoords* pointerCoords,
             float xPrecision, float yPrecision, nsecs_t downTime);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp
index e0cd8a0..50229cb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp
@@ -2279,15 +2279,12 @@
     }
 
     if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+        mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
         if (mParameters.orientationAware && mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay) {
             DisplayViewport v;
             if (config->getDisplayViewport(ViewportType::VIEWPORT_INTERNAL, NULL, &v)) {
                 mOrientation = v.orientation;
-            } else {
-                mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
             }
-        } else {
-            mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2699,15 +2696,12 @@
     }
 
     if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+        mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
         if (mParameters.orientationAware && mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay) {
             DisplayViewport v;
             if (config->getDisplayViewport(ViewportType::VIEWPORT_INTERNAL, NULL, &v)) {
                 mOrientation = v.orientation;
-            } else {
-                mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
             }
-        } else {
-            mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
         }
         bumpGeneration();
     }
@@ -2894,19 +2888,19 @@
             while (!released.isEmpty()) {
                 int32_t actionButton = BitSet32::valueForBit(released.clearFirstMarkedBit());
                 buttonState &= ~actionButton;
-                NotifyMotionArgs releaseArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+                NotifyMotionArgs releaseArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, displayId, policyFlags,
                         AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE, actionButton, 0,
                         metaState, buttonState, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                        displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                        /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                         mXPrecision, mYPrecision, downTime);
                 getListener()->notifyMotion(&releaseArgs);
             }
         }
 
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, displayId, policyFlags,
                 motionEventAction, 0, 0, metaState, currentButtonState,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                 mXPrecision, mYPrecision, downTime);
         getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
 
@@ -2915,10 +2909,10 @@
             while (!pressed.isEmpty()) {
                 int32_t actionButton = BitSet32::valueForBit(pressed.clearFirstMarkedBit());
                 buttonState |= actionButton;
-                NotifyMotionArgs pressArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+                NotifyMotionArgs pressArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, displayId, policyFlags,
                         AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS, actionButton, 0,
                         metaState, buttonState, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                        displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                        /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                         mXPrecision, mYPrecision, downTime);
                 getListener()->notifyMotion(&pressArgs);
             }
@@ -2929,10 +2923,10 @@
         // Send hover move after UP to tell the application that the mouse is hovering now.
         if (motionEventAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP
                 && (mSource == AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)) {
-            NotifyMotionArgs hoverArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+            NotifyMotionArgs hoverArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, displayId, policyFlags,
                     AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, 0, 0,
                     metaState, currentButtonState, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                    displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                    /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                     mXPrecision, mYPrecision, downTime);
             getListener()->notifyMotion(&hoverArgs);
         }
@@ -2942,10 +2936,10 @@
             pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_VSCROLL, vscroll);
             pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_HSCROLL, hscroll);
 
-            NotifyMotionArgs scrollArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+            NotifyMotionArgs scrollArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, displayId, policyFlags,
                     AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL, 0, 0, metaState, currentButtonState,
                     AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                    displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                    /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                     mXPrecision, mYPrecision, downTime);
             getListener()->notifyMotion(&scrollArgs);
         }
@@ -3072,10 +3066,10 @@
         int32_t metaState = mContext->getGlobalMetaState();
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SCROLL, scroll * mScalingFactor);
 
-        NotifyMotionArgs scrollArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs scrollArgs(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, displayId, policyFlags,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL, 0, 0, metaState, 0,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                 0, 0, 0);
         getListener()->notifyMotion(&scrollArgs);
     }
@@ -5413,10 +5407,10 @@
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y);
 
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, 0, 0,
                 metaState, buttonState, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-                mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                 0, 0, mPointerGesture.downTime);
         getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
     }
@@ -6336,9 +6330,9 @@
         mPointerSimple.down = false;
 
         // Send up.
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                  AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, 0, 0, metaState, mLastRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                 mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                 /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                  1, &mPointerSimple.lastProperties, &mPointerSimple.lastCoords,
                  mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                  mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6349,9 +6343,9 @@
         mPointerSimple.hovering = false;
 
         // Send hover exit.
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT, 0, 0, metaState, mLastRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                 1, &mPointerSimple.lastProperties, &mPointerSimple.lastCoords,
                 mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                 mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6364,9 +6358,9 @@
             mPointerSimple.downTime = when;
 
             // Send down.
-            NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+            NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                     AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, metaState, mCurrentRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                    mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                    /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                     1, &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &mPointerSimple.currentCoords,
                     mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                     mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6374,9 +6368,9 @@
         }
 
         // Send move.
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0, 0, metaState, mCurrentRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                 1, &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &mPointerSimple.currentCoords,
                 mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                 mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6388,10 +6382,10 @@
             mPointerSimple.hovering = true;
 
             // Send hover enter.
-            NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+            NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                     AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, 0, 0, metaState,
                     mCurrentRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                    mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                    /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                     1, &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &mPointerSimple.currentCoords,
                     mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                     mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6399,10 +6393,10 @@
         }
 
         // Send hover move.
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, 0, 0, metaState,
                 mCurrentRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                 1, &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &mPointerSimple.currentCoords,
                 mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                 mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6421,9 +6415,9 @@
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_VSCROLL, vscroll);
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_HSCROLL, hscroll);
 
-        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, policyFlags,
+        NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), mSource, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
                 AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL, 0, 0, metaState, mCurrentRawState.buttonState, 0,
-                mViewport.displayId, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
+                /* deviceTimestamp */ 0,
                 1, &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &pointerCoords,
                 mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                 mPointerSimple.downTime);
@@ -6484,9 +6478,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), source, policyFlags,
+    NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), source, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags,
             action, actionButton, flags, metaState, buttonState, edgeFlags,
-            mViewport.displayId, deviceTimestamp, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords,
+            deviceTimestamp, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords,
             xPrecision, yPrecision, downTime);
     getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
 }
@@ -7404,9 +7398,10 @@
     // TODO: Use the input device configuration to control this behavior more finely.
     uint32_t policyFlags = 0;
 
-    NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK, policyFlags,
+    NotifyMotionArgs args(when, getDeviceId(), AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE,
+            policyFlags,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0, 0, metaState, buttonState, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
-            ADISPLAY_ID_NONE, /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
+            /* deviceTimestamp */ 0, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
             0, 0, 0);
     getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index aa6df24..9c72c77 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 static const int32_t DEVICE_ID = 1;
 
 // An arbitrary display id.
-static const int32_t DISPLAY_ID = 0;
+static const int32_t DISPLAY_ID = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
 
 // An arbitrary injector pid / uid pair that has permission to inject events.
 static const int32_t INJECTOR_PID = 999;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
             /*action*/ -1, 0,
             AKEYCODE_A, KEY_A, AMETA_NONE, 0, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject key events with undefined action.";
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
             AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_MULTIPLE, 0,
             AKEYCODE_A, KEY_A, AMETA_NONE, 0, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject key events with ACTION_MULTIPLE.";
 }
@@ -149,106 +149,106 @@
     }
 
     // Rejects undefined motion actions.
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             /*action*/ -1, 0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with undefined action.";
 
     // Rejects pointer down with invalid index.
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
             0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with pointer down index too large.";
 
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (~0U << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
             0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with pointer down index too small.";
 
     // Rejects pointer up with invalid index.
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
             0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with pointer up index too large.";
 
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP | (~0U << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
             0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with pointer up index too small.";
 
     // Rejects motion events with invalid number of pointers.
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 0, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with 0 pointers.";
 
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ MAX_POINTERS + 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with more than MAX_POINTERS pointers.";
 
     // Rejects motion events with invalid pointer ids.
     pointerProperties[0].id = -1;
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with pointer ids less than 0.";
 
     pointerProperties[0].id = MAX_POINTER_ID + 1;
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with pointer ids greater than MAX_POINTER_ID.";
 
     // Rejects motion events with duplicate pointer ids.
     pointerProperties[0].id = 1;
     pointerProperties[1].id = 1;
-    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+    event.initialize(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID,
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, 0, AMETA_NONE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
             ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
             /*pointerCount*/ 2, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event, DISPLAY_ID,
+            &event,
             INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 0, 0))
             << "Should reject motion events with duplicate pointer ids.";
 }
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
index 956844f..f4131d4 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     mService->cleanupConnection(this);
     if (mEventCache != NULL) {
-        delete mEventCache;
+        delete[] mEventCache;
     }
     mDestroyed = true;
 }
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
         wp<const SensorEventConnection> const * mapFlushEventsToConnections) {
     // filter out events not for this connection
 
-    sensors_event_t* sanitizedBuffer = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<sensors_event_t[]> sanitizedBuffer;
 
     int count = 0;
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mConnectionLock);
@@ -293,7 +293,8 @@
             scratch = const_cast<sensors_event_t *>(buffer);
             count = numEvents;
         } else {
-            scratch = sanitizedBuffer = new sensors_event_t[numEvents];
+            sanitizedBuffer.reset(new sensors_event_t[numEvents]);
+            scratch = sanitizedBuffer.get();
             for (size_t i = 0; i < numEvents; i++) {
                 if (buffer[i].type == SENSOR_TYPE_META_DATA) {
                     scratch[count++] = buffer[i++];
@@ -305,7 +306,6 @@
     sendPendingFlushEventsLocked();
     // Early return if there are no events for this connection.
     if (count == 0) {
-        delete sanitizedBuffer;
         return status_t(NO_ERROR);
     }
 
@@ -323,7 +323,6 @@
             // the max cache size that is desired.
             if (mCacheSize + count < computeMaxCacheSizeLocked()) {
                 reAllocateCacheLocked(scratch, count);
-                delete sanitizedBuffer;
                 return status_t(NO_ERROR);
             }
             // Some events need to be dropped.
@@ -342,7 +341,6 @@
             memcpy(&mEventCache[mCacheSize - numEventsDropped], scratch + remaningCacheSize,
                                             numEventsDropped * sizeof(sensors_event_t));
         }
-        delete sanitizedBuffer;
         return status_t(NO_ERROR);
     }
 
@@ -384,7 +382,6 @@
         // Add this file descriptor to the looper to get a callback when this fd is available for
         // writing.
         updateLooperRegistrationLocked(mService->getLooper());
-        delete sanitizedBuffer;
         return size;
     }
 
@@ -394,7 +391,6 @@
     }
 #endif
 
-    delete sanitizedBuffer;
     return size < 0 ? status_t(size) : status_t(NO_ERROR);
 }
 
@@ -415,7 +411,7 @@
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "reAllocateCacheLocked maxCacheSize=%d %d", mMaxCacheSize,
             new_cache_size);
 
-    delete mEventCache;
+    delete[] mEventCache;
     mEventCache = eventCache_new;
     mCacheSize += count;
     mMaxCacheSize = new_cache_size;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index 5b1e631..1f0562d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
         "FrameTracker.cpp",
         "GpuService.cpp",
         "Layer.cpp",
+	"LayerBE.cpp",
         "LayerProtoHelper.cpp",
         "LayerRejecter.cpp",
         "LayerStats.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 7fd9d01..250c2f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -98,15 +98,13 @@
 }
 
 bool BufferLayer::isProtected() const {
-    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer(getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer);
-    return (buffer != 0) &&
-            (buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED);
+    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer(mActiveBuffer);
+    return (buffer != 0) && (buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED);
 }
 
 bool BufferLayer::isVisible() const {
     return !(isHiddenByPolicy()) && getAlpha() > 0.0f &&
-            (getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer != nullptr ||
-             getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream != nullptr);
+            (mActiveBuffer != nullptr || getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream != nullptr);
 }
 
 bool BufferLayer::isFixedSize() const {
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@
                          bool useIdentityTransform) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY(getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer == 0)) {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(mActiveBuffer == 0)) {
         // the texture has not been created yet, this Layer has
         // in fact never been drawn into. This happens frequently with
         // SurfaceView because the WindowManager can't know when the client
@@ -240,8 +238,7 @@
         }
 
         // Set things up for texturing.
-        mTexture.setDimensions(getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer->getWidth(),
-                               getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer->getHeight());
+        mTexture.setDimensions(mActiveBuffer->getWidth(), mActiveBuffer->getHeight());
         mTexture.setFiltering(useFiltering);
         mTexture.setMatrix(textureMatrix);
 
@@ -291,12 +288,10 @@
 bool BufferLayer::onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime) {
     if (mBufferLatched) {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mFrameEventHistoryMutex);
-        mFrameEventHistory.addPreComposition(mCurrentFrameNumber,
-                                             refreshStartTime);
+        mFrameEventHistory.addPreComposition(mCurrentFrameNumber, refreshStartTime);
     }
     mRefreshPending = false;
-    return mQueuedFrames > 0 || mSidebandStreamChanged ||
-            mAutoRefresh;
+    return mQueuedFrames > 0 || mSidebandStreamChanged || mAutoRefresh;
 }
 bool BufferLayer::onPostComposition(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
@@ -308,8 +303,8 @@
     // Update mFrameEventHistory.
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mFrameEventHistoryMutex);
-        mFrameEventHistory.addPostComposition(mCurrentFrameNumber, glDoneFence,
-                                              presentFence, compositorTiming);
+        mFrameEventHistory.addPostComposition(mCurrentFrameNumber, glDoneFence, presentFence,
+                                              compositorTiming);
     }
 
     // Update mFrameTracker.
@@ -358,8 +353,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    auto releaseFenceTime =
-            std::make_shared<FenceTime>(mConsumer->getPrevFinalReleaseFence());
+    auto releaseFenceTime = std::make_shared<FenceTime>(mConsumer->getPrevFinalReleaseFence());
     mReleaseTimeline.updateSignalTimes();
     mReleaseTimeline.push(releaseFenceTime);
 
@@ -412,7 +406,7 @@
     // Capture the old state of the layer for comparisons later
     const State& s(getDrawingState());
     const bool oldOpacity = isOpaque(s);
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> oldBuffer = getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> oldBuffer = mActiveBuffer;
 
     if (!allTransactionsSignaled()) {
         mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
@@ -425,12 +419,10 @@
     // buffer mode.
     bool queuedBuffer = false;
     LayerRejecter r(mDrawingState, getCurrentState(), recomputeVisibleRegions,
-                    getProducerStickyTransform() != 0, mName.string(),
-                    mOverrideScalingMode, mFreezeGeometryUpdates);
-    status_t updateResult =
-            mConsumer->updateTexImage(&r, mFlinger->mPrimaryDispSync,
-                                                    &mAutoRefresh, &queuedBuffer,
-                                                    mLastFrameNumberReceived);
+                    getProducerStickyTransform() != 0, mName.string(), mOverrideScalingMode,
+                    mFreezeGeometryUpdates);
+    status_t updateResult = mConsumer->updateTexImage(&r, mFlinger->mPrimaryDispSync, &mAutoRefresh,
+                                                      &queuedBuffer, mLastFrameNumberReceived);
     if (updateResult == BufferQueue::PRESENT_LATER) {
         // Producer doesn't want buffer to be displayed yet.  Signal a
         // layer update so we check again at the next opportunity.
@@ -483,17 +475,16 @@
 
     // Decrement the queued-frames count.  Signal another event if we
     // have more frames pending.
-    if ((queuedBuffer && android_atomic_dec(&mQueuedFrames) > 1) ||
-        mAutoRefresh) {
+    if ((queuedBuffer && android_atomic_dec(&mQueuedFrames) > 1) || mAutoRefresh) {
         mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
     }
 
     // update the active buffer
-    getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer =
-            mConsumer->getCurrentBuffer(&getBE().compositionInfo.mBufferSlot);
-    // replicated in LayerBE until FE/BE is ready to be synchronized
-    mActiveBuffer = getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer;
-    if (getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer == nullptr) {
+    mActiveBuffer = mConsumer->getCurrentBuffer(&mActiveBufferSlot);
+    getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer = mActiveBuffer;
+    getBE().compositionInfo.mBufferSlot = mActiveBufferSlot;
+
+    if (mActiveBuffer == nullptr) {
         // this can only happen if the very first buffer was rejected.
         return outDirtyRegion;
     }
@@ -540,8 +531,7 @@
     Rect crop(mConsumer->getCurrentCrop());
     const uint32_t transform(mConsumer->getCurrentTransform());
     const uint32_t scalingMode(mConsumer->getCurrentScalingMode());
-    if ((crop != mCurrentCrop) ||
-        (transform != mCurrentTransform) ||
+    if ((crop != mCurrentCrop) || (transform != mCurrentTransform) ||
         (scalingMode != mCurrentScalingMode)) {
         mCurrentCrop = crop;
         mCurrentTransform = transform;
@@ -550,15 +540,14 @@
     }
 
     if (oldBuffer != nullptr) {
-        uint32_t bufWidth = getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer->getWidth();
-        uint32_t bufHeight = getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer->getHeight();
-        if (bufWidth != uint32_t(oldBuffer->width) ||
-            bufHeight != uint32_t(oldBuffer->height)) {
+        uint32_t bufWidth = mActiveBuffer->getWidth();
+        uint32_t bufHeight = mActiveBuffer->getHeight();
+        if (bufWidth != uint32_t(oldBuffer->width) || bufHeight != uint32_t(oldBuffer->height)) {
             recomputeVisibleRegions = true;
         }
     }
 
-    mCurrentOpacity = getOpacityForFormat(getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer->format);
+    mCurrentOpacity = getOpacityForFormat(mActiveBuffer->format);
     if (oldOpacity != isOpaque(s)) {
         recomputeVisibleRegions = true;
     }
@@ -606,14 +595,14 @@
     auto hwcId = displayDevice->getHwcDisplayId();
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId];
     auto& hwcLayer = hwcInfo.layer;
-    auto error = hwcLayer->setVisibleRegion(visible);
+    auto error = (*hwcLayer)->setVisibleRegion(visible);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set visible region: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
               to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
         visible.dump(LOG_TAG);
     }
 
-    error = hwcLayer->setSurfaceDamage(surfaceDamageRegion);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setSurfaceDamage(surfaceDamageRegion);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set surface damage: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
               to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
@@ -624,7 +613,7 @@
     if (getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream.get()) {
         setCompositionType(hwcId, HWC2::Composition::Sideband);
         ALOGV("[%s] Requesting Sideband composition", mName.string());
-        error = hwcLayer->setSidebandStream(getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream->handle());
+        error = (*hwcLayer)->setSidebandStream(getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream->handle());
         if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
             ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set sideband stream %p: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
                   getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream->handle(), to_string(error).c_str(),
@@ -643,14 +632,14 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("setPerFrameData: dataspace = %d", mDrawingState.dataSpace);
-    error = hwcLayer->setDataspace(mDrawingState.dataSpace);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setDataspace(mDrawingState.dataSpace);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set dataspace %d: %s (%d)", mName.string(), mDrawingState.dataSpace,
               to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
     }
 
     const HdrMetadata& metadata = mConsumer->getCurrentHdrMetadata();
-    error = hwcLayer->setPerFrameMetadata(displayDevice->getSupportedPerFrameMetadata(), metadata);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setPerFrameMetadata(displayDevice->getSupportedPerFrameMetadata(), metadata);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None && error != HWC2::Error::Unsupported) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set hdrMetadata: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
               to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
@@ -658,11 +647,11 @@
 
     uint32_t hwcSlot = 0;
     sp<GraphicBuffer> hwcBuffer;
-    hwcInfo.bufferCache.getHwcBuffer(getBE().compositionInfo.mBufferSlot,
-                                     getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer, &hwcSlot, &hwcBuffer);
+    getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId].bufferCache.getHwcBuffer(mActiveBufferSlot, mActiveBuffer, &hwcSlot,
+                                                       &hwcBuffer);
 
     auto acquireFence = mConsumer->getCurrentFence();
-    error = hwcLayer->setBuffer(hwcSlot, hwcBuffer, acquireFence);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setBuffer(hwcSlot, hwcBuffer, acquireFence);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set buffer %p: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
               getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer->handle, to_string(error).c_str(),
@@ -673,7 +662,7 @@
 bool BufferLayer::isOpaque(const Layer::State& s) const {
     // if we don't have a buffer or sidebandStream yet, we're translucent regardless of the
     // layer's opaque flag.
-    if ((getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream == nullptr) && (getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer == nullptr)) {
+    if ((getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.sidebandStream == nullptr) && (mActiveBuffer == nullptr)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -688,8 +677,7 @@
     sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
     BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer, true);
     mProducer = new MonitoredProducer(producer, mFlinger, this);
-    mConsumer = new BufferLayerConsumer(consumer,
-            mFlinger->getRenderEngine(), mTextureName, this);
+    mConsumer = new BufferLayerConsumer(consumer, mFlinger->getRenderEngine(), mTextureName, this);
     mConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(getEffectiveUsage(0));
     mConsumer->setContentsChangedListener(this);
     mConsumer->setName(mName);
@@ -721,8 +709,7 @@
 
         // Ensure that callbacks are handled in order
         while (item.mFrameNumber != mLastFrameNumberReceived + 1) {
-            status_t result = mQueueItemCondition.waitRelative(mQueueItemLock,
-                                                               ms2ns(500));
+            status_t result = mQueueItemCondition.waitRelative(mQueueItemLock, ms2ns(500));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("[%s] Timed out waiting on callback", mName.string());
             }
@@ -745,8 +732,7 @@
 
         // Ensure that callbacks are handled in order
         while (item.mFrameNumber != mLastFrameNumberReceived + 1) {
-            status_t result = mQueueItemCondition.waitRelative(mQueueItemLock,
-                                                               ms2ns(500));
+            status_t result = mQueueItemCondition.waitRelative(mQueueItemLock, ms2ns(500));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("[%s] Timed out waiting on callback", mName.string());
             }
@@ -912,8 +898,7 @@
         // able to be latched. To avoid this, grab this buffer anyway.
         return true;
     }
-    return mQueueItems[0].mFenceTime->getSignalTime() !=
-            Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
+    return mQueueItems[0].mFenceTime->getSignalTime() != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
 }
 
 uint32_t BufferLayer::getEffectiveScalingMode() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp
index c87b669..09103a9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     auto hwcId = displayDevice->getHwcDisplayId();
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId];
     auto& hwcLayer = hwcInfo.layer;
-    auto error = hwcLayer->setVisibleRegion(visible);
+    auto error = (*hwcLayer)->setVisibleRegion(visible);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set visible region: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
               to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@
 
     setCompositionType(hwcId, HWC2::Composition::SolidColor);
 
-    error = hwcLayer->setDataspace(mDrawingState.dataSpace);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setDataspace(mDrawingState.dataSpace);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set dataspace %d: %s (%d)", mName.string(), mDrawingState.dataSpace,
               to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
     }
 
     half4 color = getColor();
-    error = hwcLayer->setColor({static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * color.r)),
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setColor({static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * color.r)),
                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * color.g)),
                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * color.b)), 255});
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     }
 
     // Clear out the transform, because it doesn't make sense absent a source buffer
-    error = hwcLayer->setTransform(HWC2::Transform::None);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setTransform(HWC2::Transform::None);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to clear transform: %s (%d)", mName.string(), to_string(error).c_str(),
               static_cast<int32_t>(error));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 7c6302e..952a63f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@
     return mDisplayHeight;
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::setDisplayName(const String8& displayName) {
-    if (!displayName.isEmpty()) {
+void DisplayDevice::setDisplayName(const std::string& displayName) {
+    if (!displayName.empty()) {
         // never override the name with an empty name
         mDisplayName = displayName;
     }
@@ -201,8 +201,7 @@
 
     status_t result = mDisplaySurface->advanceFrame();
     if (result != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("[%s] failed pushing new frame to HWC: %d",
-                mDisplayName.string(), result);
+        ALOGE("[%s] failed pushing new frame to HWC: %d", mDisplayName.c_str(), result);
     }
 }
 
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@
     }
 
     mOrientation = orientation;
-    if (mType == DisplayType::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
+    if (isPrimary()) {
         uint32_t transform = 0;
         switch (mOrientation) {
             case DisplayState::eOrientationDefault:
@@ -481,7 +480,7 @@
 void DisplayDevice::dump(String8& result) const {
     const Transform& tr(mGlobalTransform);
     ANativeWindow* const window = mNativeWindow.get();
-    result.appendFormat("+ DisplayDevice: %s\n", mDisplayName.string());
+    result.appendFormat("+ DisplayDevice: %s\n", mDisplayName.c_str());
     result.appendFormat("   type=%x, hwcId=%d, layerStack=%u, (%4dx%4d), ANativeWindow=%p "
                         "(%d:%d:%d:%d), orient=%2d (type=%08x), "
                         "flips=%u, isSecure=%d, powerMode=%d, activeConfig=%d, numLayers=%zu\n",
@@ -508,18 +507,6 @@
     result.append(surfaceDump);
 }
 
-std::atomic<int32_t> DisplayDeviceState::nextDisplayId(1);
-
-DisplayDeviceState::DisplayDeviceState(DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, bool isSecure)
-    : type(type),
-      layerStack(DisplayDevice::NO_LAYER_STACK),
-      orientation(0),
-      width(0),
-      height(0),
-      isSecure(isSecure)
-{
-    viewport.makeInvalid();
-    frame.makeInvalid();
-}
+std::atomic<int32_t> DisplayDeviceState::sNextSequenceId(1);
 
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index df5d945..960fe8a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "RenderEngine/Surface.h"
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 
 struct ANativeWindow;
 
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
     uint32_t                getLayerStack() const { return mLayerStack; }
     int32_t                 getDisplayType() const { return mType; }
     bool                    isPrimary() const { return mType == DISPLAY_PRIMARY; }
+    bool                    isVirtual() const { return mType == DISPLAY_VIRTUAL; }
     int32_t                 getHwcDisplayId() const { return mHwcDisplayId; }
     const wp<IBinder>&      getDisplayToken() const { return mDisplayToken; }
 
@@ -152,8 +154,8 @@
     }
     inline Rect bounds() const { return getBounds(); }
 
-    void setDisplayName(const String8& displayName);
-    const String8& getDisplayName() const { return mDisplayName; }
+    void setDisplayName(const std::string& displayName);
+    const std::string& getDisplayName() const { return mDisplayName; }
 
     bool makeCurrent() const;
     void setViewportAndProjection() const;
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@
     int             mDisplayWidth;
     int             mDisplayHeight;
     mutable uint32_t mPageFlipCount;
-    String8         mDisplayName;
+    std::string     mDisplayName;
     bool            mIsSecure;
 
     /*
@@ -266,15 +268,10 @@
 };
 
 struct DisplayDeviceState {
-    DisplayDeviceState() = default;
-    DisplayDeviceState(DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, bool isSecure);
-
     bool isValid() const { return type >= 0; }
-    bool isMainDisplay() const { return type == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY; }
-    bool isVirtualDisplay() const { return type >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL; }
+    bool isVirtual() const { return type >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL; }
 
-    static std::atomic<int32_t> nextDisplayId;
-    int32_t displayId = nextDisplayId++;
+    int32_t sequenceId = sNextSequenceId++;
     DisplayDevice::DisplayType type = DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_ID_INVALID;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> surface;
     uint32_t layerStack = DisplayDevice::NO_LAYER_STACK;
@@ -283,8 +280,11 @@
     uint8_t orientation = 0;
     uint32_t width = 0;
     uint32_t height = 0;
-    String8 displayName;
+    std::string displayName;
     bool isSecure = false;
+
+private:
+    static std::atomic<int32_t> sNextSequenceId;
 };
 
 class DisplayRenderArea : public RenderArea {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer_hwc1.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer_hwc1.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fe7944f..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer_hwc1.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,400 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_SF_HWCOMPOSER_HWC1_H
-#define ANDROID_SF_HWCOMPOSER_HWC1_H
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer_defs.h>
-
-#include <system/graphics.h>
-
-#include <ui/Fence.h>
-
-#include <utils/BitSet.h>
-#include <utils/Condition.h>
-#include <utils/Mutex.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-#include <utils/Thread.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
-#include <utils/Vector.h>
-
-extern "C" int clock_nanosleep(clockid_t clock_id, int flags,
-                           const struct timespec *request,
-                           struct timespec *remain);
-
-struct hwc_composer_device_1;
-struct hwc_display_contents_1;
-struct hwc_layer_1;
-struct hwc_procs;
-struct framebuffer_device_t;
-
-namespace android {
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class Fence;
-class FloatRect;
-class GraphicBuffer;
-class NativeHandle;
-class Region;
-class String8;
-class SurfaceFlinger;
-
-class HWComposer
-{
-public:
-    class EventHandler {
-        friend class HWComposer;
-        virtual void onVSyncReceived(
-            HWComposer* composer, int32_t disp, nsecs_t timestamp) = 0;
-        virtual void onHotplugReceived(HWComposer* composer, int disp, bool connected) = 0;
-        virtual void onInvalidateReceived(HWComposer* composer) = 0;
-    protected:
-        virtual ~EventHandler() {}
-    };
-
-    enum {
-        NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAYS = HWC_NUM_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_TYPES,
-        MAX_HWC_DISPLAYS = HWC_NUM_DISPLAY_TYPES,
-        VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID_BASE = HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL,
-    };
-
-    HWComposer(
-            const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger,
-            EventHandler& handler);
-
-    ~HWComposer();
-
-    status_t initCheck() const;
-
-    // Returns a display ID starting at VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID_BASE, this ID is to
-    // be used with createWorkList (and all other methods requiring an ID
-    // below).
-    // IDs below NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAYS are pre-defined and therefore are
-    // always valid.
-    // Returns -1 if an ID cannot be allocated
-    int32_t allocateDisplayId();
-
-    // Recycles the given virtual display ID and frees the associated worklist.
-    // IDs below NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAYS are not recycled.
-    status_t freeDisplayId(int32_t id);
-
-
-    // Asks the HAL what it can do
-    status_t prepare();
-
-    // commits the list
-    status_t commit();
-
-    // set power mode
-    status_t setPowerMode(int disp, int mode);
-
-    // set active config
-    status_t setActiveConfig(int disp, int mode);
-
-    // reset state when an external, non-virtual display is disconnected
-    void disconnectDisplay(int disp);
-
-    // create a work list for numLayers layer. sets HWC_GEOMETRY_CHANGED.
-    status_t createWorkList(int32_t id, size_t numLayers);
-
-    bool supportsFramebufferTarget() const;
-
-    // does this display have layers handled by HWC
-    bool hasHwcComposition(int32_t id) const;
-
-    // does this display have layers handled by GLES
-    bool hasGlesComposition(int32_t id) const;
-
-    // get the releaseFence file descriptor for a display's framebuffer layer.
-    // the release fence is only valid after commit()
-    sp<Fence> getAndResetReleaseFence(int32_t id);
-
-    // needed forward declarations
-    class LayerListIterator;
-
-    // return the visual id to be used to find a suitable EGLConfig for
-    // *ALL* displays.
-    int getVisualID() const;
-
-    // Forwarding to FB HAL for pre-HWC-1.1 code (see FramebufferSurface).
-    int fbPost(int32_t id, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buf);
-    int fbCompositionComplete();
-    void fbDump(String8& result);
-
-    // Set the output buffer and acquire fence for a virtual display.
-    // Returns INVALID_OPERATION if id is not a virtual display.
-    status_t setOutputBuffer(int32_t id, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence,
-            const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buf);
-
-    // Get the retire fence for the last committed frame. This fence will
-    // signal when the h/w composer is completely finished with the frame.
-    // For physical displays, it is no longer being displayed. For virtual
-    // displays, writes to the output buffer are complete.
-    sp<Fence> getLastRetireFence(int32_t id) const;
-
-    status_t setCursorPositionAsync(int32_t id, const Rect &pos);
-
-    /*
-     * Interface to hardware composer's layers functionality.
-     * This abstracts the HAL interface to layers which can evolve in
-     * incompatible ways from one release to another.
-     * The idea is that we could extend this interface as we add
-     * features to h/w composer.
-     */
-    class HWCLayerInterface {
-    protected:
-        virtual ~HWCLayerInterface() { }
-    public:
-        virtual int32_t getCompositionType() const = 0;
-        virtual uint32_t getHints() const = 0;
-        virtual sp<Fence> getAndResetReleaseFence() = 0;
-        virtual void setDefaultState() = 0;
-        virtual void setSkip(bool skip) = 0;
-        virtual void setIsCursorLayerHint(bool isCursor = true) = 0;
-        virtual void setBlending(uint32_t blending) = 0;
-        virtual void setTransform(uint32_t transform) = 0;
-        virtual void setFrame(const Rect& frame) = 0;
-        virtual void setCrop(const FloatRect& crop) = 0;
-        virtual void setVisibleRegionScreen(const Region& reg) = 0;
-        virtual void setSurfaceDamage(const Region& reg) = 0;
-        virtual void setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& stream) = 0;
-        virtual void setBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) = 0;
-        virtual void setAcquireFenceFd(int fenceFd) = 0;
-        virtual void setPlaneAlpha(uint8_t alpha) = 0;
-        virtual void onDisplayed() = 0;
-    };
-
-    /*
-     * Interface used to implement an iterator to a list
-     * of HWCLayer.
-     */
-    class HWCLayer : public HWCLayerInterface {
-        friend class LayerListIterator;
-        // select the layer at the given index
-        virtual status_t setLayer(size_t index) = 0;
-        virtual HWCLayer* dup() = 0;
-        static HWCLayer* copy(HWCLayer *rhs) {
-            return rhs ? rhs->dup() : nullptr;
-        }
-    protected:
-        virtual ~HWCLayer() { }
-    };
-
-    /*
-     * Iterator through a HWCLayer list.
-     * This behaves more or less like a forward iterator.
-     */
-    class LayerListIterator {
-        friend class HWComposer;
-        HWCLayer* const mLayerList;
-        size_t mIndex;
-
-        LayerListIterator() : mLayerList(nullptr), mIndex(0) { }
-
-        LayerListIterator(HWCLayer* layer, size_t index)
-            : mLayerList(layer), mIndex(index) { }
-
-        // we don't allow assignment, because we don't need it for now
-        LayerListIterator& operator = (const LayerListIterator& rhs);
-
-    public:
-        // copy operators
-        LayerListIterator(const LayerListIterator& rhs)
-            : mLayerList(HWCLayer::copy(rhs.mLayerList)), mIndex(rhs.mIndex) {
-        }
-
-        ~LayerListIterator() { delete mLayerList; }
-
-        // pre-increment
-        LayerListIterator& operator++() {
-            mLayerList->setLayer(++mIndex);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        // dereference
-        HWCLayerInterface& operator * () { return *mLayerList; }
-        HWCLayerInterface* operator -> () { return mLayerList; }
-
-        // comparison
-        bool operator == (const LayerListIterator& rhs) const {
-            return mIndex == rhs.mIndex;
-        }
-        bool operator != (const LayerListIterator& rhs) const {
-            return !operator==(rhs);
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the layer list
-    LayerListIterator begin(int32_t id);
-
-    // Returns an iterator to the end of the layer list
-    LayerListIterator end(int32_t id);
-
-
-    // Events handling ---------------------------------------------------------
-
-    enum {
-        EVENT_VSYNC = HWC_EVENT_VSYNC
-    };
-
-    void eventControl(int disp, int event, int enabled);
-
-    struct DisplayConfig {
-        uint32_t width;
-        uint32_t height;
-        float xdpi;
-        float ydpi;
-        nsecs_t refresh;
-        android_color_mode_t colorMode;
-        bool operator==(const DisplayConfig& rhs) const {
-            return width == rhs.width &&
-                    height == rhs.height &&
-                    xdpi == rhs.xdpi &&
-                    ydpi == rhs.ydpi &&
-                    refresh == rhs.refresh &&
-                    colorMode == rhs.colorMode;
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Query display parameters.  Pass in a display index (e.g.
-    // HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY).
-    nsecs_t getRefreshTimestamp(int disp) const;
-    sp<Fence> getDisplayFence(int disp) const;
-    uint32_t getFormat(int disp) const;
-    bool isConnected(int disp) const;
-
-    // These return the values for the current config of a given display index.
-    // To get the values for all configs, use getConfigs below.
-    uint32_t getWidth(int disp) const;
-    uint32_t getHeight(int disp) const;
-    float getDpiX(int disp) const;
-    float getDpiY(int disp) const;
-    nsecs_t getRefreshPeriod(int disp) const;
-    android_color_mode_t getColorMode(int disp) const;
-
-    const Vector<DisplayConfig>& getConfigs(int disp) const;
-    size_t getCurrentConfig(int disp) const;
-
-    status_t setVirtualDisplayProperties(int32_t id, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
-            uint32_t format);
-
-    // this class is only used to fake the VSync event on systems that don't
-    // have it.
-    class VSyncThread : public Thread {
-        HWComposer& mHwc;
-        mutable Mutex mLock;
-        Condition mCondition;
-        bool mEnabled;
-        mutable nsecs_t mNextFakeVSync;
-        nsecs_t mRefreshPeriod;
-        virtual void onFirstRef();
-        virtual bool threadLoop();
-    public:
-        VSyncThread(HWComposer& hwc);
-        void setEnabled(bool enabled);
-    };
-
-    friend class VSyncThread;
-
-    // for debugging ----------------------------------------------------------
-    void dump(String8& out) const;
-
-private:
-    void loadHwcModule();
-    int loadFbHalModule();
-
-    LayerListIterator getLayerIterator(int32_t id, size_t index);
-
-    struct cb_context;
-
-    static void hook_invalidate(const struct hwc_procs* procs);
-    static void hook_vsync(const struct hwc_procs* procs, int disp,
-            int64_t timestamp);
-    static void hook_hotplug(const struct hwc_procs* procs, int disp,
-            int connected);
-
-    inline void invalidate();
-    inline void vsync(int disp, int64_t timestamp);
-    inline void hotplug(int disp, int connected);
-
-    status_t queryDisplayProperties(int disp);
-
-    status_t setFramebufferTarget(int32_t id,
-            const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buf);
-
-    struct DisplayData {
-        DisplayData();
-        ~DisplayData();
-        Vector<DisplayConfig> configs;
-        size_t currentConfig;
-        uint32_t format;    // pixel format from FB hal, for pre-hwc-1.1
-        bool connected;
-        bool hasFbComp;
-        bool hasOvComp;
-        size_t capacity;
-        hwc_display_contents_1* list;
-        hwc_layer_1* framebufferTarget;
-        buffer_handle_t fbTargetHandle;
-        sp<Fence> lastRetireFence;  // signals when the last set op retires
-        sp<Fence> lastDisplayFence; // signals when the last set op takes
-                                    // effect on screen
-        buffer_handle_t outbufHandle;
-        sp<Fence> outbufAcquireFence;
-
-        // protected by mEventControlLock
-        int32_t events;
-
-        // We need to hold "copies" of these for memory management purposes. The
-        // actual hwc_layer_1_t holds pointers to the memory within. Vector<>
-        // internally doesn't copy the memory unless one of the copies is
-        // modified.
-        Vector<Region> visibleRegions;
-        Vector<Region> surfaceDamageRegions;
-    };
-
-    sp<SurfaceFlinger>              mFlinger;
-    framebuffer_device_t*           mFbDev;
-    struct hwc_composer_device_1*   mHwc;
-    // invariant: mLists[0] != nullptr iff mHwc != nullptr
-    // mLists[i>0] can be nullptr. that display is to be ignored
-    struct hwc_display_contents_1*  mLists[MAX_HWC_DISPLAYS];
-    DisplayData                     mDisplayData[MAX_HWC_DISPLAYS];
-    // protect mDisplayData from races between prepare and dump
-    mutable Mutex mDisplayLock;
-    size_t                          mNumDisplays;
-
-    cb_context*                     mCBContext;
-    EventHandler&                   mEventHandler;
-    size_t                          mVSyncCounts[HWC_NUM_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_TYPES];
-    sp<VSyncThread>                 mVSyncThread;
-    bool                            mDebugForceFakeVSync;
-    BitSet32                        mAllocatedDisplayIDs;
-
-    // protected by mLock
-    mutable Mutex mLock;
-    mutable nsecs_t mLastHwVSync[HWC_NUM_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_TYPES];
-
-    // thread-safe
-    mutable Mutex mEventControlLock;
-};
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-}; // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_SF_HWCOMPOSER_H
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp
index 9a2817d..c111a27 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #define VDS_LOGE(msg, ...) ALOGE("[%s] " msg, \
-        mDisplayName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+        mDisplayName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define VDS_LOGW_IF(cond, msg, ...) ALOGW_IF(cond, "[%s] " msg, \
-        mDisplayName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+        mDisplayName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define VDS_LOGV(msg, ...) ALOGV("[%s] " msg, \
-        mDisplayName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+        mDisplayName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 static const char* dbgCompositionTypeStr(DisplaySurface::CompositionType type) {
     switch (type) {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
         const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& sink,
         const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& bqProducer,
         const sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>& bqConsumer,
-        const String8& name)
+        const std::string& name)
 :   ConsumerBase(bqConsumer),
     mHwc(hwc),
     mDisplayId(dispId),
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
     }
     mOutputFormat = mDefaultOutputFormat;
 
-    ConsumerBase::mName = String8::format("VDS: %s", mDisplayName.string());
+    ConsumerBase::mName = String8::format("VDS: %s", mDisplayName.c_str());
     mConsumer->setConsumerName(ConsumerBase::mName);
     mConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER);
     mConsumer->setDefaultBufferSize(sinkWidth, sinkHeight);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h
index 5c8acea..4bd4d0f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_SF_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H
 #define ANDROID_SF_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "DisplaySurface.h"
 #include "HWComposerBufferCache.h"
 
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@
             const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& sink,
             const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& bqProducer,
             const sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>& bqConsumer,
-            const String8& name);
+            const std::string& name);
 
     //
     // DisplaySurface interface
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@
     //
     HWComposer& mHwc;
     const int32_t mDisplayId;
-    const String8 mDisplayName;
+    const std::string mDisplayName;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mSource[2]; // indexed by SOURCE_*
     uint32_t mDefaultOutputFormat;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index bbc974d..fc9f16b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -63,11 +63,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-LayerBE::LayerBE()
-      : mMesh(Mesh::TRIANGLE_FAN, 4, 2, 2) {
-}
-
-
 int32_t Layer::sSequence = 1;
 
 Layer::Layer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, const sp<Client>& client, const String8& name, uint32_t w,
@@ -98,7 +93,8 @@
         mQueueItems(),
         mLastFrameNumberReceived(0),
         mAutoRefresh(false),
-        mFreezeGeometryUpdates(false) {
+        mFreezeGeometryUpdates(false),
+        mBE{this, name.string()} {
 
     mCurrentCrop.makeInvalid();
 
@@ -223,15 +219,14 @@
 bool Layer::createHwcLayer(HWComposer* hwc, int32_t hwcId) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getBE().mHwcLayers.count(hwcId) != 0,
                         "Already have a layer for hwcId %d", hwcId);
-    HWC2::Layer* layer = hwc->createLayer(hwcId);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<LayerContainer> layer(new LayerContainer(hwc, hwcId));
     if (!layer) {
         return false;
     }
     LayerBE::HWCInfo& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId];
     hwcInfo.hwc = hwc;
     hwcInfo.layer = layer;
-    layer->setLayerDestroyedListener(
-            [this, hwcId](HWC2::Layer* /*layer*/) { getBE().mHwcLayers.erase(hwcId); });
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -242,11 +237,12 @@
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId];
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(hwcInfo.layer == nullptr, "Attempt to destroy null layer");
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(hwcInfo.hwc == nullptr, "Missing HWComposer");
-    hwcInfo.hwc->destroyLayer(hwcId, hwcInfo.layer);
-    // The layer destroyed listener should have cleared the entry from
-    // mHwcLayers. Verify that.
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getBE().mHwcLayers.count(hwcId) != 0,
-                        "Stale layer entry in getBE().mHwcLayers");
+    hwcInfo.layer = nullptr;
+
+    if (getBE().mHwcLayers.count(hwcId) == 1) {
+        getBE().mHwcLayers.erase(hwcId);
+    }
+
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -505,7 +501,7 @@
         blendMode =
                 mPremultipliedAlpha ? HWC2::BlendMode::Premultiplied : HWC2::BlendMode::Coverage;
     }
-    auto error = hwcLayer->setBlendMode(blendMode);
+    auto error = (*hwcLayer)->setBlendMode(blendMode);
     ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None,
              "[%s] Failed to set blend mode %s:"
              " %s (%d)",
@@ -553,7 +549,7 @@
     }
     const Transform& tr(displayDevice->getTransform());
     Rect transformedFrame = tr.transform(frame);
-    error = hwcLayer->setDisplayFrame(transformedFrame);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setDisplayFrame(transformedFrame);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set display frame [%d, %d, %d, %d]: %s (%d)", mName.string(),
               transformedFrame.left, transformedFrame.top, transformedFrame.right,
@@ -563,7 +559,7 @@
     }
 
     FloatRect sourceCrop = computeCrop(displayDevice);
-    error = hwcLayer->setSourceCrop(sourceCrop);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setSourceCrop(sourceCrop);
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("[%s] Failed to set source crop [%.3f, %.3f, %.3f, %.3f]: "
               "%s (%d)",
@@ -574,13 +570,13 @@
     }
 
     float alpha = static_cast<float>(getAlpha());
-    error = hwcLayer->setPlaneAlpha(alpha);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setPlaneAlpha(alpha);
     ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None,
              "[%s] Failed to set plane alpha %.3f: "
              "%s (%d)",
              mName.string(), alpha, to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
 
-    error = hwcLayer->setZOrder(z);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setZOrder(z);
     ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None, "[%s] Failed to set Z %u: %s (%d)", mName.string(), z,
              to_string(error).c_str(), static_cast<int32_t>(error));
 
@@ -595,7 +591,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    error = hwcLayer->setInfo(type, appId);
+    error = (*hwcLayer)->setInfo(type, appId);
     ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None, "[%s] Failed to set info (%d)", mName.string(),
              static_cast<int32_t>(error));
 
@@ -638,7 +634,7 @@
     } else {
         auto transform = static_cast<HWC2::Transform>(orientation);
         hwcInfo.transform = transform;
-        auto error = hwcLayer->setTransform(transform);
+        auto error = (*hwcLayer)->setTransform(transform);
         ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None,
                  "[%s] Failed to set transform %s: "
                  "%s (%d)",
@@ -691,7 +687,7 @@
     auto& displayTransform(displayDevice->getTransform());
     auto position = displayTransform.transform(frame);
 
-    auto error = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId].layer->setCursorPosition(position.left,
+    auto error = (*getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId].layer)->setCursorPosition(position.left,
                                                                               position.top);
     ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None,
              "[%s] Failed to set cursor position "
@@ -735,13 +731,13 @@
     }
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId];
     auto& hwcLayer = hwcInfo.layer;
-    ALOGV("setCompositionType(%" PRIx64 ", %s, %d)", hwcLayer->getId(), to_string(type).c_str(),
+    ALOGV("setCompositionType(%" PRIx64 ", %s, %d)", (*hwcLayer)->getId(), to_string(type).c_str(),
           static_cast<int>(callIntoHwc));
     if (hwcInfo.compositionType != type) {
         ALOGV("    actually setting");
         hwcInfo.compositionType = type;
         if (callIntoHwc) {
-            auto error = hwcLayer->setCompositionType(type);
+            auto error = (*hwcLayer)->setCompositionType(type);
             ALOGE_IF(error != HWC2::Error::None,
                      "[%s] Failed to set "
                      "composition type %s: %s (%d)",
@@ -1439,7 +1435,7 @@
     info.mMatrix[1][0] = ds.active.transform[1][0];
     info.mMatrix[1][1] = ds.active.transform[1][1];
     {
-        sp<const GraphicBuffer> buffer = getBE().compositionInfo.mBuffer;
+        sp<const GraphicBuffer> buffer = mActiveBuffer;
         if (buffer != 0) {
             info.mActiveBufferWidth = buffer->getWidth();
             info.mActiveBufferHeight = buffer->getHeight();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index be3967b..d05a91b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "MonitoredProducer.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "Transform.h"
+#include "LayerBE.h"
 
 #include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h"
@@ -73,70 +74,6 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-struct CompositionInfo {
-    HWC2::Composition compositionType;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer = nullptr;
-    int mBufferSlot = BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT;
-    struct {
-        HWComposer* hwc;
-        sp<Fence> fence;
-        HWC2::BlendMode blendMode;
-        Rect displayFrame;
-        float alpha;
-        FloatRect sourceCrop;
-        HWC2::Transform transform;
-        int z;
-        int type;
-        int appId;
-        Region visibleRegion;
-        Region surfaceDamage;
-        sp<NativeHandle> sidebandStream;
-        android_dataspace dataspace;
-        hwc_color_t color;
-    } hwc;
-    struct {
-        RE::RenderEngine* renderEngine;
-        Mesh* mesh;
-    } renderEngine;
-};
-
-class LayerBE {
-public:
-    LayerBE();
-
-    // The mesh used to draw the layer in GLES composition mode
-    Mesh mMesh;
-
-    // HWC items, accessed from the main thread
-    struct HWCInfo {
-        HWCInfo()
-              : hwc(nullptr),
-                layer(nullptr),
-                forceClientComposition(false),
-                compositionType(HWC2::Composition::Invalid),
-                clearClientTarget(false),
-                transform(HWC2::Transform::None) {}
-
-        HWComposer* hwc;
-        HWC2::Layer* layer;
-        bool forceClientComposition;
-        HWC2::Composition compositionType;
-        bool clearClientTarget;
-        Rect displayFrame;
-        FloatRect sourceCrop;
-        HWComposerBufferCache bufferCache;
-        HWC2::Transform transform;
-    };
-
-    // A layer can be attached to multiple displays when operating in mirror mode
-    // (a.k.a: when several displays are attached with equal layerStack). In this
-    // case we need to keep track. In non-mirror mode, a layer will have only one
-    // HWCInfo. This map key is a display layerStack.
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t, HWCInfo> mHwcLayers;
-
-    CompositionInfo compositionInfo;
-};
-
 class Layer : public virtual RefBase {
     static int32_t sSequence;
 
@@ -518,7 +455,15 @@
         if (getBE().mHwcLayers.count(hwcId) == 0) {
             return nullptr;
         }
-        return getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId].layer;
+        return *(getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId].layer.get());
+    }
+
+    bool setHwcLayer(int32_t hwcId) {
+        if (getBE().mHwcLayers.count(hwcId) == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        getBE().compositionInfo.hwc.hwcLayer = getBE().mHwcLayers[hwcId].layer;
+        return true;
     }
 
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerBE.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerBE.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5287fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerBE.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LayerBE"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "Layer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+LayerBE::LayerBE(Layer* layer, std::string layerName)
+      : mLayer(layer),
+        mMesh(Mesh::TRIANGLE_FAN, 4, 2, 2) {
+    compositionInfo.layer = this;
+    compositionInfo.layerName = layerName;
+}
+
+void LayerBE::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
+    mLayer->onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
+}
+
+void CompositionInfo::dumpHwc(const char* tag) const {
+    ALOGV("[%s]\thwcLayer=%p", tag, static_cast<HWC2::Layer*>(*hwc.hwcLayer));
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tfence=%p", tag, hwc.fence.get());
+    ALOGV("[%s]\ttransform=%d", tag, hwc.transform);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tz=%d", tag, hwc.z);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\ttype=%d", tag, hwc.type);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tappId=%d", tag, hwc.appId);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tdisplayFrame=%4d %4d %4d %4d", tag, hwc.displayFrame.left, hwc.displayFrame.top, hwc.displayFrame.right, hwc.displayFrame.bottom);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\talpha=%.3f", tag, hwc.alpha);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tsourceCrop=%6.1f %6.1f %6.1f %6.1f", tag, hwc.sourceCrop.left, hwc.sourceCrop.top, hwc.sourceCrop.right, hwc.sourceCrop.bottom);
+
+    std::string label = tag;
+    label+=":visibleRegion";
+    hwc.visibleRegion.dump(label.c_str());
+    label = tag;
+    label+=":surfaceDamage";
+    hwc.surfaceDamage.dump(label.c_str());
+}
+
+void CompositionInfo::dumpRe(const char* tag) const {
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tblackoutLayer=%d", tag, re.blackoutLayer);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tclearArea=%d", tag, re.clearArea);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tpreMultipliedAlpha=%d", tag, re.preMultipliedAlpha);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\topaque=%d\n", tag, re.opaque);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\ttexture:name(%d), target(%d), size(%d/%d)", tag, re.texture.getTextureName(), re.texture.getTextureTarget(), (unsigned int)re.texture.getWidth(), (unsigned int)re.texture.getHeight());
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tuseIdentityTransform=%d\n", tag, re.useIdentityTransform);
+}
+
+void CompositionInfo::dump(const char* tag) const {
+    ALOGV("[%s] CompositionInfo", tag);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tLayerName: %s", tag, layerName.c_str());
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tCompositionType: %d", tag, compositionType);
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tmBuffer = %p", tag, mBuffer.get());
+    ALOGV("[%s]\tmBufferSlot=%d", tag, mBufferSlot);
+    switch (compositionType) {
+        case HWC2::Composition::Device:
+            dumpHwc(tag);
+            break;
+        case HWC2::Composition::Client:
+            dumpRe(tag);
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerBE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerBE.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..981f756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerBE.h
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <ui/Region.h>
+
+#include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
+
+#include "DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h"
+#include "DisplayHardware/HWComposerBufferCache.h"
+#include "RenderEngine/Mesh.h"
+#include "RenderEngine/Texture.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class LayerBE;
+
+class LayerContainer
+{
+    public:
+        LayerContainer(HWComposer* hwc, int32_t hwcId) : mHwc(hwc), mHwcId(hwcId) {
+            mLayer = hwc->createLayer(hwcId);
+        }
+
+        ~LayerContainer() {
+            mHwc->destroyLayer(mHwcId, mLayer);
+        }
+
+        HWC2::Layer* operator->() {
+            return mLayer;
+        }
+
+        operator HWC2::Layer*const () const {
+            return mLayer;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        HWComposer* mHwc;
+        int32_t mHwcId;
+        HWC2::Layer* mLayer;
+};
+
+struct CompositionInfo {
+    std::string layerName;
+    HWC2::Composition compositionType;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer = nullptr;
+    int mBufferSlot = BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT;
+    LayerBE* layer = nullptr;
+    struct {
+        std::shared_ptr<LayerContainer> hwcLayer;
+        int32_t hwid = -1;
+        sp<Fence> fence;
+        HWC2::BlendMode blendMode = HWC2::BlendMode::Invalid;
+        Rect displayFrame;
+        float alpha;
+        FloatRect sourceCrop;
+        HWC2::Transform transform = HWC2::Transform::None;
+        int z;
+        int type;
+        int appId;
+        Region visibleRegion;
+        Region surfaceDamage;
+        sp<NativeHandle> sidebandStream;
+        android_dataspace dataspace;
+        hwc_color_t color;
+    } hwc;
+    struct {
+        Mesh* mesh;
+        bool blackoutLayer = false;
+        bool clearArea = false;
+        bool preMultipliedAlpha = false;
+        bool opaque = false;
+        half4 color;
+        Texture texture;
+        bool useIdentityTransform = false;
+    } re;
+
+    void dump(const char* tag) const;
+    void dumpHwc(const char* tag) const;
+    void dumpRe(const char* tag) const;
+};
+
+class LayerBE {
+public:
+    friend class Layer;
+    friend class BufferLayer;
+    friend class ColorLayer;
+    friend class SurfaceFlinger;
+
+    LayerBE(Layer* layer, std::string layerName);
+
+    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence);
+    Mesh& getMesh() { return mMesh; }
+
+private:
+    Layer*const mLayer;
+    // The mesh used to draw the layer in GLES composition mode
+    Mesh mMesh;
+
+    // HWC items, accessed from the main thread
+    struct HWCInfo {
+        HWCInfo()
+              : hwc(nullptr),
+                layer(nullptr),
+                forceClientComposition(false),
+                compositionType(HWC2::Composition::Invalid),
+                clearClientTarget(false),
+                transform(HWC2::Transform::None) {}
+
+        HWComposer* hwc;
+        std::shared_ptr<LayerContainer> layer;
+        bool forceClientComposition;
+        HWC2::Composition compositionType;
+        bool clearClientTarget;
+        Rect displayFrame;
+        FloatRect sourceCrop;
+        HWComposerBufferCache bufferCache;
+        HWC2::Transform transform;
+    };
+
+
+    // A layer can be attached to multiple displays when operating in mirror mode
+    // (a.k.a: when several displays are attached with equal layerStack). In this
+    // case we need to keep track. In non-mirror mode, a layer will have only one
+    // HWCInfo. This map key is a display layerStack.
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, HWCInfo> mHwcLayers;
+
+    CompositionInfo compositionInfo;
+};
+
+}; // namespace android
+
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index e12d7ca..ab476f0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -408,8 +408,10 @@
     sp<BBinder> token = new DisplayToken(this);
 
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
-    DisplayDeviceState info(DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, secure);
+    DisplayDeviceState info;
+    info.type = DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL;
     info.displayName = displayName;
+    info.isSecure = secure;
     mCurrentState.displays.add(token, info);
     mInterceptor->saveDisplayCreation(info);
     return token;
@@ -425,11 +427,11 @@
     }
 
     const DisplayDeviceState& info(mCurrentState.displays.valueAt(idx));
-    if (!info.isVirtualDisplay()) {
+    if (!info.isVirtual()) {
         ALOGE("destroyDisplay called for non-virtual display");
         return;
     }
-    mInterceptor->saveDisplayDeletion(info.displayId);
+    mInterceptor->saveDisplayDeletion(info.sequenceId);
     mCurrentState.displays.removeItemsAt(idx);
     setTransactionFlags(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 }
@@ -923,7 +925,6 @@
 void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveConfigInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& hw, int mode) {
     ALOGD("Set active config mode=%d, type=%d flinger=%p", mode, hw->getDisplayType(),
           this);
-    int32_t type = hw->getDisplayType();
     int currentMode = hw->getActiveConfig();
 
     if (mode == currentMode) {
@@ -931,13 +932,13 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (type >= DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES) {
+    if (hw->isVirtual()) {
         ALOGW("Trying to set config for virtual display");
         return;
     }
 
     hw->setActiveConfig(mode);
-    getHwComposer().setActiveConfig(type, mode);
+    getHwComposer().setActiveConfig(hw->getDisplayType(), mode);
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setActiveConfig(const sp<IBinder>& display, int mode) {
@@ -961,7 +962,7 @@
             if (hw == nullptr) {
                 ALOGE("Attempt to set active config = %d for null display %p",
                         mMode, mDisplay.get());
-            } else if (hw->getDisplayType() >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) {
+            } else if (hw->isVirtual()) {
                 ALOGW("Attempt to set active config = %d for virtual display",
                         mMode);
             } else {
@@ -1018,7 +1019,6 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveColorModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& hw,
                                                 ColorMode mode, Dataspace dataSpace) {
-    int32_t type = hw->getDisplayType();
     ColorMode currentMode = hw->getActiveColorMode();
     Dataspace currentDataSpace = hw->getCompositionDataSpace();
     RenderIntent currentRenderIntent = hw->getActiveRenderIntent();
@@ -1032,9 +1032,8 @@
 
     // In Auto Color Mode, we want to strech to panel color space, right now
     // only the built-in display supports it.
-    if (mDisplayColorSetting == DisplayColorSetting::ENHANCED &&
-        mBuiltinDisplaySupportsEnhance &&
-        hw->getDisplayType() == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
+    if (mDisplayColorSetting == DisplayColorSetting::ENHANCED && mBuiltinDisplaySupportsEnhance &&
+        hw->isPrimary()) {
         renderIntent = RenderIntent::ENHANCE;
     }
 
@@ -1043,7 +1042,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (type >= DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES) {
+    if (hw->isVirtual()) {
         ALOGW("Trying to set config for virtual display");
         return;
     }
@@ -1051,7 +1050,7 @@
     hw->setActiveColorMode(mode);
     hw->setCompositionDataSpace(dataSpace);
     hw->setActiveRenderIntent(renderIntent);
-    getHwComposer().setActiveColorMode(type, mode, renderIntent);
+    getHwComposer().setActiveColorMode(hw->getDisplayType(), mode, renderIntent);
 
     ALOGV("Set active color mode: %s (%d), active render intent: %s (%d), type=%d",
           decodeColorMode(mode).c_str(), mode,
@@ -1083,7 +1082,7 @@
             if (hw == nullptr) {
                 ALOGE("Attempt to set active color mode %s (%d) for null display %p",
                       decodeColorMode(mMode).c_str(), mMode, mDisplay.get());
-            } else if (hw->getDisplayType() >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) {
+            } else if (hw->isVirtual()) {
                 ALOGW("Attempt to set active color mode %s %d for virtual display",
                       decodeColorMode(mMode).c_str(), mMode);
             } else {
@@ -1976,7 +1975,7 @@
         //   emit any black frames until a layer is added to the layer stack.
         bool mustRecompose = dirty && !(empty && wasEmpty);
 
-        ALOGV_IF(mDisplays[dpy]->getDisplayType() == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL,
+        ALOGV_IF(mDisplays[dpy]->isVirtual(),
                 "dpy[%zu]: %s composition (%sdirty %sempty %swasEmpty)", dpy,
                 mustRecompose ? "doing" : "skipping",
                 dirty ? "+" : "-",
@@ -2134,7 +2133,7 @@
                         displayDevice->getClientTargetAcquireFence());
             }
 
-            layer->onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
+            layer->getBE().onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
         }
 
         // We've got a list of layers needing fences, that are disjoint with
@@ -2143,7 +2142,7 @@
         if (!displayDevice->getLayersNeedingFences().isEmpty()) {
             sp<Fence> presentFence = getBE().mHwc->getPresentFence(hwcId);
             for (auto& layer : displayDevice->getLayersNeedingFences()) {
-                layer->onLayerDisplayed(presentFence);
+                layer->getBE().onLayerDisplayed(presentFence);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2239,10 +2238,11 @@
             if (!mBuiltinDisplays[displayType].get()) {
                 ALOGV("Creating built in display %d", displayType);
                 mBuiltinDisplays[displayType] = new BBinder();
-                // All non-virtual displays are currently considered secure.
-                DisplayDeviceState info(displayType, true);
+                DisplayDeviceState info;
+                info.type = displayType;
                 info.displayName = displayType == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY ?
                         "Built-in Screen" : "External Screen";
+                info.isSecure = true; // All physical displays are currently considered secure.
                 mCurrentState.displays.add(mBuiltinDisplays[displayType], info);
                 mInterceptor->saveDisplayCreation(info);
             }
@@ -2252,7 +2252,7 @@
             ssize_t idx = mCurrentState.displays.indexOfKey(mBuiltinDisplays[displayType]);
             if (idx >= 0) {
                 const DisplayDeviceState& info(mCurrentState.displays.valueAt(idx));
-                mInterceptor->saveDisplayDeletion(info.displayId);
+                mInterceptor->saveDisplayDeletion(info.sequenceId);
                 mCurrentState.displays.removeItemsAt(idx);
             }
             mBuiltinDisplays[displayType].clear();
@@ -2306,7 +2306,7 @@
      */
     std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface> renderSurface = getRenderEngine().createSurface();
     renderSurface->setCritical(state.type == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY);
-    renderSurface->setAsync(state.type >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL);
+    renderSurface->setAsync(state.isVirtual());
     renderSurface->setNativeWindow(nativeWindow.get());
     const int displayWidth = renderSurface->queryWidth();
     const int displayHeight = renderSurface->queryHeight();
@@ -2318,13 +2318,12 @@
     // * In makeCurrent(), using eglSwapInterval. Some EGL drivers set the
     //   window's swap interval in eglMakeCurrent, so they'll override the
     //   interval we set here.
-    if (state.type >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) {
+    if (state.isVirtual()) {
         nativeWindow->setSwapInterval(nativeWindow.get(), 0);
     }
 
     // virtual displays are always considered enabled
-    auto initialPowerMode = (state.type >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) ? HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL
-                                                                           : HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF;
+    auto initialPowerMode = state.isVirtual() ? HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL : HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF;
 
     sp<DisplayDevice> hw =
             new DisplayDevice(this, state.type, hwcId, state.isSecure, display, nativeWindow,
@@ -2430,7 +2429,7 @@
                 mCreateBufferQueue(&bqProducer, &bqConsumer, false);
 
                 int32_t hwcId = -1;
-                if (state.isVirtualDisplay()) {
+                if (state.isVirtual()) {
                     // Virtual displays without a surface are dormant:
                     // they have external state (layer stack, projection,
                     // etc.) but no internal state (i.e. a DisplayDevice).
@@ -2477,7 +2476,7 @@
                     mDisplays.add(display,
                                   setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(display, hwcId, state, dispSurface,
                                                                 producer));
-                    if (!state.isVirtualDisplay()) {
+                    if (!state.isVirtual()) {
                         mEventThread->onHotplugReceived(state.type, true);
                     }
                 }
@@ -2920,7 +2919,7 @@
 
         if (!displayDevice->makeCurrent()) {
             ALOGW("DisplayDevice::makeCurrent failed. Aborting surface composition for display %s",
-                  displayDevice->getDisplayName().string());
+                  displayDevice->getDisplayName().c_str());
             getRenderEngine().resetCurrentSurface();
 
             // |mStateLock| not needed as we are on the main thread
@@ -2954,7 +2953,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (displayDevice->getDisplayType() != DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
+        if (!displayDevice->isPrimary()) {
             // just to be on the safe side, we don't set the
             // scissor on the main display. It should never be needed
             // anyways (though in theory it could since the API allows it).
@@ -3696,7 +3695,6 @@
              int mode, bool stateLockHeld) {
     ALOGD("Set power mode=%d, type=%d flinger=%p", mode, hw->getDisplayType(),
             this);
-    int32_t type = hw->getDisplayType();
     int currentMode = hw->getPowerMode();
 
     if (mode == currentMode) {
@@ -3704,7 +3702,7 @@
     }
 
     hw->setPowerMode(mode);
-    if (type >= DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES) {
+    if (hw->isVirtual()) {
         ALOGW("Trying to set power mode for virtual display");
         return;
     }
@@ -3716,14 +3714,14 @@
             ALOGW("Surface Interceptor SavePowerMode: invalid display token");
             return;
         }
-        mInterceptor->savePowerModeUpdate(mCurrentState.displays.valueAt(idx).displayId, mode);
+        mInterceptor->savePowerModeUpdate(mCurrentState.displays.valueAt(idx).sequenceId, mode);
     }
 
+    int32_t type = hw->getDisplayType();
     if (currentMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF) {
         // Turn on the display
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(type, mode);
-        if (type == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY &&
-            mode != HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (hw->isPrimary() && mode != HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             // FIXME: eventthread only knows about the main display right now
             mEventThread->onScreenAcquired();
             resyncToHardwareVsync(true);
@@ -3745,8 +3743,7 @@
             ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_OTHER on display off");
         }
 
-        if (type == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY &&
-            currentMode != HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (hw->isPrimary() && currentMode != HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             disableHardwareVsync(true); // also cancels any in-progress resync
 
             // FIXME: eventthread only knows about the main display right now
@@ -3760,15 +3757,14 @@
                mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
         // Update display while dozing
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(type, mode);
-        if (type == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY &&
-            currentMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (hw->isPrimary() && currentMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             // FIXME: eventthread only knows about the main display right now
             mEventThread->onScreenAcquired();
             resyncToHardwareVsync(true);
         }
     } else if (mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
         // Leave display going to doze
-        if (type == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
+        if (hw->isPrimary()) {
             disableHardwareVsync(true); // also cancels any in-progress resync
             // FIXME: eventthread only knows about the main display right now
             mEventThread->onScreenReleased();
@@ -3795,7 +3791,7 @@
             if (hw == nullptr) {
                 ALOGE("Attempt to set power mode = %d for null display %p",
                         mMode, mDisplay.get());
-            } else if (hw->getDisplayType() >= DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) {
+            } else if (hw->isVirtual()) {
                 ALOGW("Attempt to set power mode = %d for virtual display",
                         mMode);
             } else {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 33706da..1c5fe43 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
 
 #include <gui/OccupancyTracker.h>
+#include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
 
 #include <hardware/hwcomposer_defs.h>
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@
 #include "SurfaceInterceptor.h"
 #include "SurfaceTracing.h"
 #include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
+#include "LayerBE.h"
 #include "VSyncModulator.h"
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
index 4596a21..e70506d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@
     transaction->set_synchronous(false);
     transaction->set_animation(false);
 
-    addDisplaySurfaceLocked(transaction, display.displayId, display.surface);
-    addDisplayLayerStackLocked(transaction, display.displayId, display.layerStack);
-    addDisplaySizeLocked(transaction, display.displayId, display.width, display.height);
-    addDisplayProjectionLocked(transaction, display.displayId, display.orientation,
+    addDisplaySurfaceLocked(transaction, display.sequenceId, display.surface);
+    addDisplayLayerStackLocked(transaction, display.sequenceId, display.layerStack);
+    addDisplaySizeLocked(transaction, display.sequenceId, display.width, display.height);
+    addDisplayProjectionLocked(transaction, display.sequenceId, display.orientation,
             display.viewport, display.frame);
 }
 
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@
 }
 
 DisplayChange* SurfaceInterceptor::createDisplayChangeLocked(Transaction* transaction,
-        int32_t displayId)
+        int32_t sequenceId)
 {
     DisplayChange* dispChange(transaction->add_display_change());
-    dispChange->set_id(displayId);
+    dispChange->set_id(sequenceId);
     return dispChange;
 }
 
@@ -379,19 +379,19 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayChangesLocked(Transaction* transaction,
-        const DisplayState& state, int32_t displayId)
+        const DisplayState& state, int32_t sequenceId)
 {
     if (state.what & DisplayState::eSurfaceChanged) {
-        addDisplaySurfaceLocked(transaction, displayId, state.surface);
+        addDisplaySurfaceLocked(transaction, sequenceId, state.surface);
     }
     if (state.what & DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged) {
-        addDisplayLayerStackLocked(transaction, displayId, state.layerStack);
+        addDisplayLayerStackLocked(transaction, sequenceId, state.layerStack);
     }
     if (state.what & DisplayState::eDisplaySizeChanged) {
-        addDisplaySizeLocked(transaction, displayId, state.width, state.height);
+        addDisplaySizeLocked(transaction, sequenceId, state.width, state.height);
     }
     if (state.what & DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged) {
-        addDisplayProjectionLocked(transaction, displayId, state.orientation, state.viewport,
+        addDisplayProjectionLocked(transaction, sequenceId, state.orientation, state.viewport,
                 state.frame);
     }
 }
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
         ssize_t dpyIdx = displays.indexOfKey(disp.token);
         if (dpyIdx >= 0) {
             const DisplayDeviceState& dispState(displays.valueAt(dpyIdx));
-            addDisplayChangesLocked(transaction, disp, dispState.displayId);
+            addDisplayChangesLocked(transaction, disp, dispState.sequenceId);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@
     event->set_when(timestamp);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplaySurfaceLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId,
+void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplaySurfaceLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
         const sp<const IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface)
 {
     if (surface == nullptr) {
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
     uint64_t bufferQueueId = 0;
     status_t err(surface->getUniqueId(&bufferQueueId));
     if (err == NO_ERROR) {
-        DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, displayId));
+        DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, sequenceId));
         DispSurfaceChange* surfaceChange(dispChange->mutable_surface());
         surfaceChange->set_buffer_queue_id(bufferQueueId);
         surfaceChange->set_buffer_queue_name(surface->getConsumerName().string());
@@ -469,26 +469,26 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction,
-        int32_t displayId, uint32_t layerStack)
+        int32_t sequenceId, uint32_t layerStack)
 {
-    DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, displayId));
+    DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, sequenceId));
     LayerStackChange* layerStackChange(dispChange->mutable_layer_stack());
     layerStackChange->set_layer_stack(layerStack);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplaySizeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId,
+void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplaySizeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
         uint32_t w, uint32_t h)
 {
-    DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, displayId));
+    DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, sequenceId));
     SizeChange* sizeChange(dispChange->mutable_size());
     sizeChange->set_w(w);
     sizeChange->set_h(h);
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayProjectionLocked(Transaction* transaction,
-        int32_t displayId, int32_t orientation, const Rect& viewport, const Rect& frame)
+        int32_t sequenceId, int32_t orientation, const Rect& viewport, const Rect& frame)
 {
-    DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, displayId));
+    DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, sequenceId));
     ProjectionChange* projectionChange(dispChange->mutable_projection());
     projectionChange->set_orientation(orientation);
     Rectangle* viewportRect(projectionChange->mutable_viewport());
@@ -501,22 +501,22 @@
         const DisplayDeviceState& info)
 {
     DisplayCreation* creation(increment->mutable_display_creation());
-    creation->set_id(info.displayId);
+    creation->set_id(info.sequenceId);
     creation->set_name(info.displayName);
     creation->set_type(info.type);
     creation->set_is_secure(info.isSecure);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayDeletionLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t displayId) {
+void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayDeletionLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t sequenceId) {
     DisplayDeletion* deletion(increment->mutable_display_deletion());
-    deletion->set_id(displayId);
+    deletion->set_id(sequenceId);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::addPowerModeUpdateLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t displayId,
+void SurfaceInterceptor::addPowerModeUpdateLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t sequenceId,
         int32_t mode)
 {
     PowerModeUpdate* powerModeUpdate(increment->mutable_power_mode_update());
-    powerModeUpdate->set_id(displayId);
+    powerModeUpdate->set_id(sequenceId);
     powerModeUpdate->set_mode(mode);
 }
 
@@ -579,22 +579,22 @@
     addDisplayCreationLocked(createTraceIncrementLocked(), info);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::saveDisplayDeletion(int32_t displayId) {
+void SurfaceInterceptor::saveDisplayDeletion(int32_t sequenceId) {
     if (!mEnabled) {
         return;
     }
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> protoGuard(mTraceMutex);
-    addDisplayDeletionLocked(createTraceIncrementLocked(), displayId);
+    addDisplayDeletionLocked(createTraceIncrementLocked(), sequenceId);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::savePowerModeUpdate(int32_t displayId, int32_t mode) {
+void SurfaceInterceptor::savePowerModeUpdate(int32_t sequenceId, int32_t mode) {
     if (!mEnabled) {
         return;
     }
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> protoGuard(mTraceMutex);
-    addPowerModeUpdateLocked(createTraceIncrementLocked(), displayId, mode);
+    addPowerModeUpdateLocked(createTraceIncrementLocked(), sequenceId, mode);
 }
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h
index 96defcc..218a1d2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@
 
     // Intercept display data
     virtual void saveDisplayCreation(const DisplayDeviceState& info) = 0;
-    virtual void saveDisplayDeletion(int32_t displayId) = 0;
-    virtual void savePowerModeUpdate(int32_t displayId, int32_t mode) = 0;
+    virtual void saveDisplayDeletion(int32_t sequenceId) = 0;
+    virtual void savePowerModeUpdate(int32_t sequenceId, int32_t mode) = 0;
     virtual void saveVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp) = 0;
 };
 
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@
 
     // Intercept display data
     void saveDisplayCreation(const DisplayDeviceState& info) override;
-    void saveDisplayDeletion(int32_t displayId) override;
-    void savePowerModeUpdate(int32_t displayId, int32_t mode) override;
+    void saveDisplayDeletion(int32_t sequenceId) override;
+    void savePowerModeUpdate(int32_t sequenceId, int32_t mode) override;
     void saveVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp) override;
 
 private:
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@
             uint32_t height, uint64_t frameNumber);
     void addVSyncUpdateLocked(Increment* increment, nsecs_t timestamp);
     void addDisplayCreationLocked(Increment* increment, const DisplayDeviceState& info);
-    void addDisplayDeletionLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t displayId);
-    void addPowerModeUpdateLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t displayId, int32_t mode);
+    void addDisplayDeletionLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t sequenceId);
+    void addPowerModeUpdateLocked(Increment* increment, int32_t sequenceId, int32_t mode);
 
     // Add surface transactions to the trace
     SurfaceChange* createSurfaceChangeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId);
@@ -155,17 +155,17 @@
             const Vector<DisplayState>& changedDisplays, uint32_t transactionFlags);
 
     // Add display transactions to the trace
-    DisplayChange* createDisplayChangeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId);
-    void addDisplaySurfaceLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId,
+    DisplayChange* createDisplayChangeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId);
+    void addDisplaySurfaceLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
             const sp<const IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface);
-    void addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId,
+    void addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
             uint32_t layerStack);
-    void addDisplaySizeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId, uint32_t w,
+    void addDisplaySizeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId, uint32_t w,
             uint32_t h);
-    void addDisplayProjectionLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t displayId,
+    void addDisplayProjectionLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
             int32_t orientation, const Rect& viewport, const Rect& frame);
     void addDisplayChangesLocked(Transaction* transaction,
-            const DisplayState& state, int32_t displayId);
+            const DisplayState& state, int32_t sequenceId);
 
 
     bool mEnabled {false};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index f39ca00..3a9cfd2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -50,82 +50,50 @@
 using android::Hwc2::Error;
 using android::Hwc2::IComposer;
 using android::Hwc2::IComposerClient;
+using android::Hwc2::RenderIntent;
 
-using HWC2Display = TestableSurfaceFlinger::HWC2Display;
+using FakeDisplayDeviceInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeDisplayDeviceInjector;
+using FakeHwcDisplayInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector;
 using HotplugEvent = TestableSurfaceFlinger::HotplugEvent;
+using HWC2Display = TestableSurfaceFlinger::HWC2Display;
 
-constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE = 1666666666;
+constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE = 16'666'666;
 constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_DPI = 320;
+constexpr int DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_FORMAT = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565;
 
-constexpr int DEFAULT_CONFIG_ID = 0;
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Boolean avoidance
+ *
+ * To make calls and template instantiations more readable, we define some
+ * local enums along with an implicit bool conversion.
+ */
+
+#define BOOL_SUBSTITUTE(TYPENAME) enum class TYPENAME : bool { FALSE = false, TRUE = true };
+
+BOOL_SUBSTITUTE(Critical);
+BOOL_SUBSTITUTE(Async);
+BOOL_SUBSTITUTE(Secure);
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ */
 
 class DisplayTransactionTest : public testing::Test {
-protected:
+public:
     DisplayTransactionTest();
     ~DisplayTransactionTest() override;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Precondition helpers
+    // Mock/Fake injection
 
-    void setupComposer(int virtualDisplayCount);
-    void setupFakeHwcDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId, DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, int width,
-                             int height);
-
-    struct FakeDisplayDeviceFactory {
-    public:
-        FakeDisplayDeviceFactory(TestableSurfaceFlinger& flinger, sp<BBinder>& displayToken,
-                                 DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, int hwcId)
-              : mFlinger(flinger), mDisplayToken(displayToken), mType(type), mHwcId(hwcId) {}
-
-        sp<DisplayDevice> build() {
-            return new DisplayDevice(mFlinger.mFlinger.get(), mType, mHwcId, false, mDisplayToken,
-                                     mNativeWindow, mDisplaySurface, std::move(mRenderSurface), 0,
-                                     0, false, {}, 0, HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
-        }
-
-        FakeDisplayDeviceFactory& setNativeWindow(const sp<ANativeWindow>& nativeWindow) {
-            mNativeWindow = nativeWindow;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        FakeDisplayDeviceFactory& setDisplaySurface(const sp<DisplaySurface>& displaySurface) {
-            mDisplaySurface = displaySurface;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        FakeDisplayDeviceFactory& setRenderSurface(std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface> renderSurface) {
-            mRenderSurface = std::move(renderSurface);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        TestableSurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
-        sp<BBinder>& mDisplayToken;
-        DisplayDevice::DisplayType mType;
-        int mHwcId;
-        sp<ANativeWindow> mNativeWindow;
-        sp<DisplaySurface> mDisplaySurface;
-        std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface> mRenderSurface;
-    };
-
-    sp<BBinder> setupFakeExistingPhysicalDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId,
-                                                 DisplayDevice::DisplayType type);
-
-    void setupFakeBufferQueueFactory();
-    void setupFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory(int displayWidth, int displayHeight, bool critical,
-                                             bool async);
-    void expectFramebufferUsageSet(int width, int height, int grallocUsage);
-    void expectHwcHotplugCalls(hwc2_display_t displayId, int displayWidth, int displayHeight);
-
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Call expectation helpers
-
-    void expectRESurfaceCreationCalls();
-    void expectPhysicalDisplayDeviceCreationCalls(hwc2_display_t displayId, int displayWidth,
-                                                  int displayHeight, bool critical, bool async);
+    void injectMockComposer(int virtualDisplayCount);
+    void injectFakeBufferQueueFactory();
+    void injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory();
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postcondition helpers
 
+    bool hasHwcDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId);
     bool hasTransactionFlagSet(int flag);
     bool hasDisplayDevice(sp<IBinder> displayToken);
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayDevice(sp<IBinder> displayToken);
@@ -137,8 +105,6 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Test instances
 
-    std::unordered_set<HWC2::Capability> mCapabilities;
-
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
     mock::EventThread* mEventThread = new mock::EventThread();
     mock::EventControlThread* mEventControlThread = new mock::EventControlThread();
@@ -147,7 +113,7 @@
     // by virtue of being stored into a std::unique_ptr. However we still need
     // to keep a reference to them for use in setting up call expectations.
     RE::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new RE::mock::RenderEngine();
-    Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = new Hwc2::mock::Composer();
+    Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
     mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
     mock::SurfaceInterceptor* mSurfaceInterceptor = new mock::SurfaceInterceptor();
 
@@ -157,7 +123,6 @@
     mock::NativeWindowSurface* mNativeWindowSurface = nullptr;
     sp<mock::NativeWindow> mNativeWindow;
     RE::mock::Surface* mRenderSurface = nullptr;
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<HWC2Display>> mFakeHwcDisplays;
 };
 
 DisplayTransactionTest::DisplayTransactionTest() {
@@ -165,6 +130,13 @@
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
+    // Default to no wide color display support configured
+    mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = false;
+    mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::UNMANAGED;
+
+    // Default to using HWC virtual displays
+    mFlinger.mutableUseHwcVirtualDisplays() = true;
+
     mFlinger.setCreateBufferQueueFunction([](auto, auto, auto) {
         ADD_FAILURE() << "Unexpected request to create a buffer queue.";
     });
@@ -180,7 +152,7 @@
     mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<RE::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
     mFlinger.mutableInterceptor().reset(mSurfaceInterceptor);
 
-    setupComposer(0);
+    injectMockComposer(0);
 }
 
 DisplayTransactionTest::~DisplayTransactionTest() {
@@ -189,7 +161,8 @@
     ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 }
 
-void DisplayTransactionTest::setupComposer(int virtualDisplayCount) {
+void DisplayTransactionTest::injectMockComposer(int virtualDisplayCount) {
+    mComposer = new Hwc2::mock::Composer();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getCapabilities())
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<IComposer::Capability>()));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()).WillOnce(Return(virtualDisplayCount));
@@ -198,46 +171,7 @@
     Mock::VerifyAndClear(mComposer);
 }
 
-void DisplayTransactionTest::setupFakeHwcDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId,
-                                                 DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, int width,
-                                                 int height) {
-    auto display = std::make_unique<HWC2Display>(*mComposer, mCapabilities, displayId,
-                                                 HWC2::DisplayType::Physical);
-    display->mutableIsConnected() = true;
-    display->mutableConfigs().emplace(DEFAULT_CONFIG_ID,
-                                      HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, DEFAULT_CONFIG_ID)
-                                              .setWidth(width)
-                                              .setHeight(height)
-                                              .setVsyncPeriod(DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE)
-                                              .setDpiX(DEFAULT_DPI)
-                                              .setDpiY(DEFAULT_DPI)
-                                              .build());
-
-    mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplayData()[type].reset();
-    mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplayData()[type].hwcDisplay = display.get();
-    mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplaySlots().emplace(displayId, type);
-
-    mFakeHwcDisplays.push_back(std::move(display));
-}
-
-sp<BBinder> DisplayTransactionTest::setupFakeExistingPhysicalDisplay(
-        hwc2_display_t displayId, DisplayDevice::DisplayType type) {
-    setupFakeHwcDisplay(displayId, type, 0, 0);
-
-    sp<BBinder> displayToken = new BBinder();
-    mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[type] = displayToken;
-    mFlinger.mutableDisplays()
-            .add(displayToken,
-                 FakeDisplayDeviceFactory(mFlinger, displayToken, type, type).build());
-
-    DisplayDeviceState state(type, true);
-    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.add(displayToken, state);
-    mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().displays.add(displayToken, state);
-
-    return displayToken;
-}
-
-void DisplayTransactionTest::setupFakeBufferQueueFactory() {
+void DisplayTransactionTest::injectFakeBufferQueueFactory() {
     // This setup is only expected once per test.
     ASSERT_TRUE(mConsumer == nullptr && mProducer == nullptr);
 
@@ -250,9 +184,7 @@
     });
 }
 
-void DisplayTransactionTest::setupFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory(int displayWidth,
-                                                                 int displayHeight, bool critical,
-                                                                 bool async) {
+void DisplayTransactionTest::injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory() {
     // This setup is only expected once per test.
     ASSERT_TRUE(mNativeWindowSurface == nullptr);
 
@@ -261,75 +193,10 @@
 
     mFlinger.setCreateNativeWindowSurface(
             [this](auto) { return std::unique_ptr<NativeWindowSurface>(mNativeWindowSurface); });
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindowSurface, getNativeWindow()).WillOnce(Return(mNativeWindow));
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, perform(19)).Times(1);
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, setAsync(async)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, setCritical(critical)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, setNativeWindow(mNativeWindow.get())).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, queryWidth()).WillOnce(Return(displayWidth));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, queryHeight()).WillOnce(Return(displayHeight));
 }
 
-void DisplayTransactionTest::expectFramebufferUsageSet(int width, int height, int grallocUsage) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerConnect(_, false)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, setConsumerName(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, setConsumerUsageBits(grallocUsage)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, setDefaultBufferSize(width, height)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, setMaxAcquiredBufferCount(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mProducer, allocateBuffers(0, 0, 0, 0)).WillRepeatedly(Return());
-}
-
-void DisplayTransactionTest::expectHwcHotplugCalls(hwc2_display_t displayId, int displayWidth,
-                                                   int displayHeight) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getDisplayType(displayId, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(IComposerClient::DisplayType::PHYSICAL),
-                            Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, setClientTargetSlotCount(_)).WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getDisplayConfigs(_, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<unsigned>{0}), Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getDisplayAttribute(displayId, 0, IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(displayWidth), Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                getDisplayAttribute(displayId, 0, IComposerClient::Attribute::HEIGHT, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(displayHeight), Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                getDisplayAttribute(displayId, 0, IComposerClient::Attribute::VSYNC_PERIOD, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE), Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getDisplayAttribute(displayId, 0, IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_X, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DEFAULT_DPI), Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getDisplayAttribute(displayId, 0, IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_Y, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DEFAULT_DPI), Return(Error::NONE)));
-}
-
-void DisplayTransactionTest::expectRESurfaceCreationCalls() {
-    // This setup is only expected once per test.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mRenderSurface == nullptr);
-
-    mRenderSurface = new RE::mock::Surface();
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, createSurface())
-            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface>(mRenderSurface))));
-}
-
-void DisplayTransactionTest::expectPhysicalDisplayDeviceCreationCalls(hwc2_display_t displayId,
-                                                                      int displayWidth,
-                                                                      int displayHeight,
-                                                                      bool critical, bool async) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getActiveConfig(displayId, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(DEFAULT_CONFIG_ID), Return(Error::NONE)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getColorModes(displayId, _)).Times(0);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, getHdrCapabilities(displayId, _, _, _, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<Hdr>()), Return(Error::NONE)));
-
-    setupFakeBufferQueueFactory();
-    expectFramebufferUsageSet(displayWidth, displayHeight,
-                              GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
-                                      GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB);
-
-    setupFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory(displayWidth, displayHeight, critical, async);
+bool DisplayTransactionTest::hasHwcDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId) {
+    return mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplaySlots().count(displayId) == 1;
 }
 
 bool DisplayTransactionTest::hasTransactionFlagSet(int flag) {
@@ -361,36 +228,654 @@
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * SurfaceFlinger::handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded)
+ *
  */
 
-TEST_F(DisplayTransactionTest, handleTransactionLockedProcessesHotplugConnectPrimary) {
-    constexpr hwc2_display_t externalDisplayId = 102;
-    constexpr hwc2_display_t displayId = 123;
-    constexpr int displayWidth = 1920;
-    constexpr int displayHeight = 1080;
+template <DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, DisplayDevice::DisplayType hwcId, int width, int height,
+          Critical critical, Async async, Secure secure, int grallocUsage>
+struct DisplayVariant {
+    // The display width and height
+    static constexpr int WIDTH = width;
+    static constexpr int HEIGHT = height;
+
+    static constexpr int GRALLOC_USAGE = grallocUsage;
+
+    // The type for this display
+    static constexpr DisplayDevice::DisplayType TYPE = type;
+    static constexpr DisplayDevice::DisplayType HWCOMPOSER_ID = hwcId;
+
+    // When creating native window surfaces for the framebuffer, whether those should be critical
+    static constexpr Critical CRITICAL = critical;
+
+    // When creating native window surfaces for the framebuffer, whether those should be async
+    static constexpr Async ASYNC = async;
+
+    // Whether the display should be treated as secure
+    static constexpr Secure SECURE = secure;
+
+    static auto makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        auto injector = FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(test->mFlinger, TYPE, HWCOMPOSER_ID);
+        injector.setSecure(static_cast<bool>(SECURE));
+        return injector;
+    }
+
+    // Called by tests to set up any native window creation call expectations.
+    static void setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mNativeWindowSurface, getNativeWindow())
+                .WillOnce(Return(test->mNativeWindow));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mNativeWindow, perform(19)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+
+        // For simplicity, we only expect to create a single render surface for
+        // each test.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(test->mRenderSurface == nullptr);
+        test->mRenderSurface = new RE::mock::Surface();
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, createSurface())
+                .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface>(test->mRenderSurface))));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderSurface, setAsync(static_cast<bool>(ASYNC))).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderSurface, setCritical(static_cast<bool>(CRITICAL))).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderSurface, setNativeWindow(test->mNativeWindow.get())).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderSurface, queryWidth()).WillOnce(Return(WIDTH));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderSurface, queryHeight()).WillOnce(Return(HEIGHT));
+    }
+
+    static void setupFramebufferConsumerBufferQueueCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mConsumer, consumerConnect(_, false)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mConsumer, setConsumerName(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mConsumer, setConsumerUsageBits(GRALLOC_USAGE))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mConsumer, setDefaultBufferSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mConsumer, setMaxAcquiredBufferCount(_))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    }
+
+    static void setupFramebufferProducerBufferQueueCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mProducer, allocateBuffers(0, 0, 0, 0)).WillRepeatedly(Return());
+    }
+};
+
+template <hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, HWC2::DisplayType hwcDisplayType, typename DisplayVariant>
+struct HwcDisplayVariant {
+    // The display id supplied by the HWC
+    static constexpr hwc2_display_t HWC_DISPLAY_ID = hwcDisplayId;
+
+    // The HWC display type
+    static constexpr HWC2::DisplayType HWC_DISPLAY_TYPE = hwcDisplayType;
+
+    // The HWC active configuration id
+    // TODO(b/69807179): SurfaceFlinger does not correctly get the active
+    // config. Once it does, change this to non-zero so that it is properly
+    // covered.
+    // static constexpr int HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID = 2001;
+    static constexpr int HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID = 0;
+
+    static void injectPendingHotplugEvent(DisplayTransactionTest* test,
+                                          HWC2::Connection connection) {
+        test->mFlinger.mutablePendingHotplugEvents().emplace_back(
+                HotplugEvent{HWC_DISPLAY_ID, connection});
+    }
+
+    // Called by tests to inject a HWC display setup
+    static void injectHwcDisplay(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        FakeHwcDisplayInjector(DisplayVariant::TYPE, HWC_DISPLAY_TYPE)
+                .setHwcDisplayId(HWC_DISPLAY_ID)
+                .setWidth(DisplayVariant::WIDTH)
+                .setHeight(DisplayVariant::HEIGHT)
+                .setActiveConfig(HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID)
+                .inject(&test->mFlinger, test->mComposer);
+    }
+
+    static void setupHwcHotplugCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getDisplayType(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(static_cast<IComposerClient::DisplayType>(
+                                        HWC_DISPLAY_TYPE)),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, setClientTargetSlotCount(_)).WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getDisplayConfigs(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<unsigned>{HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID}),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getDisplayAttribute(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DisplayVariant::WIDTH), Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getDisplayAttribute(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute::HEIGHT, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DisplayVariant::HEIGHT), Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getDisplayAttribute(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute::VSYNC_PERIOD, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE), Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getDisplayAttribute(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_X, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DEFAULT_DPI), Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getDisplayAttribute(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_Y, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(DEFAULT_DPI), Return(Error::NONE)));
+    }
+
+    // Called by tests to set up HWC call expectations
+    static void setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getActiveConfig(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID), Return(Error::NONE)));
+    }
+};
+
+struct NonHwcDisplayVariant {
+    static constexpr int HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID = 0;
+
+    static void injectHwcDisplay(DisplayTransactionTest*) {}
+
+    static void setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getActiveConfig(_, _)).Times(0);
+    }
+};
+
+// Physical displays are expected to be synchronous, secure, and have a HWC display for output.
+constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY =
+        GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB;
+
+template <hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, int width, int height,
+          Critical critical>
+struct PhysicalDisplayVariant
+      : public DisplayVariant<type, type, width, height, critical, Async::FALSE, Secure::TRUE,
+                              GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY>,
+        public HwcDisplayVariant<hwcDisplayId, HWC2::DisplayType::Physical,
+                                 DisplayVariant<type, type, width, height, critical, Async::FALSE,
+                                                Secure::TRUE, GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY>> {};
+
+// A primary display is a physical display that is critical
+using PrimaryDisplayVariant =
+        PhysicalDisplayVariant<1001, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY, 3840, 2160, Critical::TRUE>;
+
+// An external display is physical display that is not critical.
+using ExternalDisplayVariant =
+        PhysicalDisplayVariant<1002, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_EXTERNAL, 1920, 1280, Critical::FALSE>;
+
+using TertiaryDisplayVariant =
+        PhysicalDisplayVariant<1003, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_EXTERNAL, 1600, 1200, Critical::FALSE>;
+
+// A virtual display not supported by the HWC.
+constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY = 0;
+
+template <int width, int height, Secure secure>
+struct NonHwcVirtualDisplayVariant
+      : public DisplayVariant<DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_ID_INVALID,
+                              width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure,
+                              GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>,
+        public NonHwcDisplayVariant {
+    using Base = DisplayVariant<DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_ID_INVALID,
+                                width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure,
+                                GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>;
+
+    static void setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        Base::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(test);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mNativeWindow, setSwapInterval(0)).Times(1);
+    }
+};
+
+// A virtual display supported by the HWC.
+constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER;
+
+template <int width, int height, Secure secure>
+struct HwcVirtualDisplayVariant
+      : public DisplayVariant<DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, width,
+                              height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure,
+                              GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>,
+        public HwcDisplayVariant<1010, HWC2::DisplayType::Virtual,
+                                 NonHwcVirtualDisplayVariant<width, height, secure>> {
+    using Base =
+            DisplayVariant<DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL, width,
+                           height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure, GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER>;
+    using Self = HwcVirtualDisplayVariant<width, height, secure>;
+
+    static void setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        Base::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(test);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mNativeWindow, setSwapInterval(0)).Times(1);
+    }
+
+    static void setupHwcVirtualDisplayCreationCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, createVirtualDisplay(Base::WIDTH, Base::HEIGHT, _, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(Self::HWC_DISPLAY_ID), Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, setClientTargetSlotCount(_)).WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, SurfaceFlinger should not configure itself with wide
+// display support, so the display should not be configured for wide-color
+// support.
+struct WideColorSupportNotConfiguredVariant {
+    static constexpr bool WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED = false;
+
+    static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = false;
+        test->mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::UNMANAGED;
+    }
+
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getColorModes(_, _)).Times(0);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getRenderIntents(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, setColorMode(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, SurfaceFlinger should configure itself with wide display
+// support, and the display should respond with an non-empty list of supported
+// color modes. Wide-color support should be configured.
+template <typename Display>
+struct WideColorP3ColorimetricSupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED = true;
+
+    static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = true;
+        test->mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::UNMANAGED;
+    }
+
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getColorModes(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<ColorMode>({ColorMode::DISPLAY_P3})),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getRenderIntents(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, ColorMode::DISPLAY_P3, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<2>(
+                                        std::vector<RenderIntent>({RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC})),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    setColorMode(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, ColorMode::SRGB,
+                                 RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, SurfaceFlinger should configure itself with wide color
+// display support, and the display should respond with an non-empty list of
+// supported color modes.
+template <typename Display>
+struct WideColorP3EnhanceSupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED = true;
+
+    static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = true;
+        test->mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::ENHANCED;
+    }
+
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getColorModes(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<ColorMode>({ColorMode::DISPLAY_P3})),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    getRenderIntents(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, ColorMode::DISPLAY_P3, _))
+                .WillOnce(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<2>(std::vector<RenderIntent>({RenderIntent::ENHANCE})),
+                              Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    setColorMode(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, ColorMode::SRGB, RenderIntent::ENHANCE))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, SurfaceFlinger should configure itself with wide display
+// support, but the display should respond with an empty list of supported color
+// modes. Wide-color support for the display should not be configured.
+template <typename Display>
+struct WideColorNotSupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED = false;
+
+    static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = true;
+    }
+
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getColorModes(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<ColorMode>()), Return(Error::NONE)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer,
+                    setColorMode(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, ColorMode::NATIVE,
+                                 RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, the display is not a HWC display, so no HDR support should
+// be configured.
+struct NonHwcDisplayHdrSupportVariant {
+    static constexpr bool HDR10_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_HLG_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getHdrCapabilities(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, the composer should respond with a non-empty list of HDR
+// modes containing HDR10, so HDR10 support should be configured.
+template <typename Display>
+struct Hdr10SupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool HDR10_SUPPORTED = true;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_HLG_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getHdrCapabilities(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _, _, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<Hdr>({Hdr::HDR10})),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, the composer should respond with a non-empty list of HDR
+// modes containing HLG, so HLG support should be configured.
+template <typename Display>
+struct HdrHlgSupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool HDR10_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_HLG_SUPPORTED = true;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getHdrCapabilities(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _, _, _))
+                .WillOnce(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<Hdr>({Hdr::HLG})), Return(Error::NONE)));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, the composer should respond with a non-empty list of HDR
+// modes containing DOLBY_VISION, so DOLBY_VISION support should be configured.
+template <typename Display>
+struct HdrDolbyVisionSupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool HDR10_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_HLG_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED = true;
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getHdrCapabilities(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _, _, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<Hdr>({Hdr::DOLBY_VISION})),
+                                Return(Error::NONE)));
+    }
+};
+
+// For this variant, the composer should respond with am empty list of HDR
+// modes, so no HDR support should be configured.
+template <typename Display>
+struct HdrNotSupportedVariant {
+    static constexpr bool HDR10_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_HLG_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static constexpr bool HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED = false;
+    static void setupComposerCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, getHdrCapabilities(Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _, _, _))
+                .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(std::vector<Hdr>()), Return(Error::NONE)));
+    }
+};
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Typical display configurations to test
+ */
+
+template <typename DisplayPolicy, typename WideColorSupportPolicy, typename HdrSupportPolicy>
+struct Case {
+    using Display = DisplayPolicy;
+    using WideColorSupport = WideColorSupportPolicy;
+    using HdrSupport = HdrSupportPolicy;
+};
+
+using SimplePrimaryDisplayCase =
+        Case<PrimaryDisplayVariant, WideColorNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>>;
+using SimpleExternalDisplayCase =
+        Case<ExternalDisplayVariant, WideColorNotSupportedVariant<ExternalDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrNotSupportedVariant<ExternalDisplayVariant>>;
+using SimpleTertiaryDisplayCase =
+        Case<TertiaryDisplayVariant, WideColorNotSupportedVariant<TertiaryDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrNotSupportedVariant<TertiaryDisplayVariant>>;
+using NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase =
+        Case<NonHwcVirtualDisplayVariant<1024, 768, Secure::FALSE>,
+             WideColorSupportNotConfiguredVariant, NonHwcDisplayHdrSupportVariant>;
+using SimpleHwcVirtualDisplayVariant = HwcVirtualDisplayVariant<1024, 768, Secure::TRUE>;
+using HwcVirtualDisplayCase =
+        Case<SimpleHwcVirtualDisplayVariant, WideColorSupportNotConfiguredVariant,
+             HdrNotSupportedVariant<SimpleHwcVirtualDisplayVariant>>;
+using WideColorP3ColorimetricDisplayCase =
+        Case<PrimaryDisplayVariant, WideColorP3ColorimetricSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>>;
+using WideColorP3EnhanceDisplayCase =
+        Case<PrimaryDisplayVariant, WideColorP3EnhanceSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>>;
+using Hdr10DisplayCase =
+        Case<PrimaryDisplayVariant, WideColorNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>,
+             Hdr10SupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>>;
+using HdrHlgDisplayCase =
+        Case<PrimaryDisplayVariant, WideColorNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrHlgSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>>;
+using HdrDolbyVisionDisplayCase =
+        Case<PrimaryDisplayVariant, WideColorNotSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>,
+             HdrDolbyVisionSupportedVariant<PrimaryDisplayVariant>>;
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * SurfaceFlinger::setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal
+ */
+
+class SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
+public:
+    template <typename T>
+    void setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest();
+};
+
+template <typename Case>
+void SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest::setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest() {
+    const sp<BBinder> displayToken = new BBinder();
+    const sp<mock::DisplaySurface> displaySurface = new mock::DisplaySurface();
+    const sp<mock::GraphicBufferProducer> producer = new mock::GraphicBufferProducer();
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Preconditions
 
-    // An external display may already be set up
-    setupFakeHwcDisplay(externalDisplayId, DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_EXTERNAL, 3840, 2160);
+    // Wide color displays support is configured appropriately
+    Case::WideColorSupport::injectConfigChange(this);
 
-    // A hotplug connect comes in for a new display
-    mFlinger.mutablePendingHotplugEvents().emplace_back(
-            HotplugEvent{displayId, HWC2::Connection::Connected});
+    // The display is setup with the HWC.
+    Case::Display::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+
+    // SurfaceFlinger will use a test-controlled factory for native window
+    // surfaces.
+    injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory();
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    // Various native window calls will be made.
+    Case::Display::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(this);
+
+    // TODO(b/69807179): SurfaceFlinger does not correctly get the active config.
+    // Case::Display::setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(this)
+
+    Case::WideColorSupport::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::HdrSupport::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    DisplayDeviceState state;
+    state.type = Case::Display::TYPE;
+    state.isSecure = static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE);
+
+    auto device = mFlinger.setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(displayToken, Case::Display::TYPE, state,
+                                                         displaySurface, producer);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(device != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::TYPE, device->getDisplayType());
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE), device->isSecure());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::WIDTH, device->getWidth());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::HEIGHT, device->getHeight());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::WideColorSupport::WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED, device->hasWideColorGamut());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::HdrSupport::HDR10_SUPPORTED, device->hasHDR10Support());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::HdrSupport::HDR_HLG_SUPPORTED, device->hasHLGSupport());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::HdrSupport::HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED, device->hasDolbyVisionSupport());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID, device->getActiveConfig());
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createSimplePrimaryDisplay) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createSimpleExternalDisplay) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createNonHwcVirtualDisplay) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createHwcVirtualDisplay) {
+    // We need to resize this so that the HWC thinks the virtual display
+    // is something it created.
+    mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplayData().resize(3);
+
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<HwcVirtualDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createWideColorP3Display) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<WideColorP3ColorimetricDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createWideColorP3EnhanceDisplay) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<WideColorP3EnhanceDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createHdr10Display) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<Hdr10DisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createHdrHlgDisplay) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<HdrHlgDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createHdrDolbyVisionDisplay) {
+    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<HdrDolbyVisionDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * SurfaceFlinger::handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded)
+ */
+
+class HandleTransactionLockedTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
+public:
+    template <typename Case>
+    void setupCommonPreconditions();
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing();
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing();
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void processesHotplugConnectCommon();
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void ignoresHotplugConnectCommon();
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void processesHotplugDisconnectCommon();
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void verifyDisplayIsConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken);
+
+    template <typename Case>
+    void verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected();
+
+    void verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken);
+};
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::setupCommonPreconditions() {
+    // Wide color displays support is configured appropriately
+    Case::WideColorSupport::injectConfigChange(this);
+
+    // SurfaceFlinger will use a test-controlled factory for BufferQueues
+    injectFakeBufferQueueFactory();
+
+    // SurfaceFlinger will use a test-controlled factory for native window
+    // surfaces.
+    injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory();
+}
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing() {
+    Case::Display::setupHwcHotplugCallExpectations(this);
+
+    Case::Display::setupFramebufferConsumerBufferQueueCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::Display::setupFramebufferProducerBufferQueueCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::Display::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::Display::setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(this);
+
+    Case::WideColorSupport::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::HdrSupport::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mSurfaceInterceptor, saveDisplayCreation(_)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onHotplugReceived(Case::Display::TYPE, true)).Times(1);
+}
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing() {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mSurfaceInterceptor, saveDisplayDeletion(_)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onHotplugReceived(Case::Display::TYPE, false)).Times(1);
+}
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::verifyDisplayIsConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
+    // The display device should have been set up in the list of displays.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hasDisplayDevice(displayToken));
+    const auto& device = getDisplayDevice(displayToken);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE), device->isSecure());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::TYPE == DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY, device->isPrimary());
+
+    // The display should have been set up in the current display state
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hasCurrentDisplayState(displayToken));
+    const auto& current = getCurrentDisplayState(displayToken);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::TYPE, current.type);
+
+    // The display should have been set up in the drawing display state
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hasDrawingDisplayState(displayToken));
+    const auto& draw = getDrawingDisplayState(displayToken);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::TYPE, draw.type);
+}
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected() {
+    // HWComposer should have an entry for the display
+    EXPECT_TRUE(hasHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
+
+    // The display should be set up as a built-in display.
+    static_assert(0 <= Case::Display::TYPE &&
+                          Case::Display::TYPE < DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES,
+                  "Must use a valid physical display type index for the fixed-size array");
+    auto& displayToken = mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[Case::Display::TYPE];
+    ASSERT_TRUE(displayToken != nullptr);
+
+    verifyDisplayIsConnected<Case>(displayToken);
+}
+
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasDisplayDevice(displayToken));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasCurrentDisplayState(displayToken));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasDrawingDisplayState(displayToken));
+}
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::processesHotplugConnectCommon() {
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // A hotplug connect event is enqueued for a display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Connected);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Call Expectations
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillOnce(Return(false));
-    expectHwcHotplugCalls(displayId, displayWidth, displayHeight);
-    expectRESurfaceCreationCalls();
-    expectPhysicalDisplayDeviceCreationCalls(displayId, displayWidth, displayHeight, true, false);
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mSurfaceInterceptor, saveDisplayCreation(_)).Times(1);
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onHotplugReceived(DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY, true)).Times(1);
+    setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
@@ -400,36 +885,362 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
 
-    // HWComposer should have an entry for the display
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplaySlots().count(displayId) == 1);
-
-    // The display should have set up as a primary built-in display.
-    auto displayToken = mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY];
-    ASSERT_TRUE(displayToken != nullptr);
-
-    // The display device should have been set up in the list of displays.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(hasDisplayDevice(displayToken));
-    const auto& device = getDisplayDevice(displayToken);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(device->isSecure());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(device->isPrimary());
-
-    // The display should have been set up in the current display state
-    ASSERT_TRUE(hasCurrentDisplayState(displayToken));
-    const auto& current = getCurrentDisplayState(displayToken);
-    EXPECT_EQ(DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY, current.type);
-
-    // The display should have been set up in the drawing display state
-    ASSERT_TRUE(hasDrawingDisplayState(displayToken));
-    const auto& draw = getDrawingDisplayState(displayToken);
-    EXPECT_EQ(DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY, draw.type);
+    verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected<Case>();
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Cleanup conditions
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, setVsyncEnabled(displayId, IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
             .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
 }
 
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::ignoresHotplugConnectCommon() {
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // A hotplug connect event is enqueued for a display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Connected);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // HWComposer should not have an entry for the display
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
+}
+
+template <typename Case>
+void HandleTransactionLockedTest::processesHotplugDisconnectCommon() {
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // A hotplug disconnect event is enqueued for a display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Disconnected);
+
+    // The display is already completely set up.
+    Case::Display::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+    auto existing = Case::Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this);
+    existing.inject();
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // HWComposer should not have an entry for the display
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
+
+    // The display should not be set up as a built-in display.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(0 <= Case::Display::TYPE &&
+                Case::Display::TYPE < DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES);
+    auto displayToken = mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[Case::Display::TYPE];
+    EXPECT_TRUE(displayToken == nullptr);
+
+    // The existing token should have been removed
+    verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugConnectPrimaryDisplay) {
+    processesHotplugConnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest,
+       processesHotplugConnectPrimaryDisplayWithExternalAlreadyConnected) {
+    // Inject an external display.
+    ExternalDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+
+    processesHotplugConnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugConnectExternalDisplay) {
+    // Inject a primary display.
+    PrimaryDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+
+    processesHotplugConnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, ignoresHotplugConnectIfPrimaryAndExternalAlreadyConnected) {
+    // Inject both a primary and external display.
+    PrimaryDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+    ExternalDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    ignoresHotplugConnectCommon<SimpleTertiaryDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, ignoresHotplugConnectIfExternalForVrComposer) {
+    // Inject a primary display.
+    PrimaryDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+
+    ignoresHotplugConnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processHotplugDisconnectPrimaryDisplay) {
+    processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processHotplugDisconnectExternalDisplay) {
+    processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugConnectThenDisconnectPrimary) {
+    using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // A hotplug connect event is enqueued for a display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Connected);
+    // A hotplug disconnect event is also enqueued for the same display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Disconnected);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
+    setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
+            .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // HWComposer should not have an entry for the display
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
+
+    // The display should not be set up as a primary built-in display.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(0 <= Case::Display::TYPE &&
+                Case::Display::TYPE < DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES);
+    auto displayToken = mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[Case::Display::TYPE];
+    EXPECT_TRUE(displayToken == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugDisconnectThenConnectPrimary) {
+    using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // The display is already completely set up.
+    Case::Display::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+    auto existing = Case::Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this);
+    existing.inject();
+
+    // A hotplug disconnect event is enqueued for a display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Disconnected);
+    // A hotplug connect event is also enqueued for the same display
+    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, HWC2::Connection::Connected);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
+    setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // The existing token should have been removed
+    verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
+    static_assert(0 <= Case::Display::TYPE &&
+                          Case::Display::TYPE < DisplayDevice::NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES,
+                  "Display type must be a built-in display");
+    EXPECT_NE(existing.token(), mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[Case::Display::TYPE]);
+
+    // A new display should be connected in its place
+
+    verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected<Case>();
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Cleanup conditions
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
+            .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesVirtualDisplayAdded) {
+    using Case = HwcVirtualDisplayCase;
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    // The HWC supports at least one virtual display
+    injectMockComposer(1);
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // A virtual display was added to the current state, and it has a
+    // surface(producer)
+    sp<BBinder> displayToken = new BBinder();
+    DisplayDeviceState info;
+    info.type = Case::Display::TYPE;
+    info.isSecure = static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE);
+
+    sp<mock::GraphicBufferProducer> surface{new mock::GraphicBufferProducer()};
+    info.surface = surface;
+    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.add(displayToken, info);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    Case::Display::setupFramebufferConsumerBufferQueueCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::Display::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(this);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*surface, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_WIDTH, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(Case::Display::WIDTH), Return(NO_ERROR)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*surface, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_HEIGHT, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(Case::Display::HEIGHT), Return(NO_ERROR)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*surface, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_FORMAT, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_FORMAT),
+                                  Return(NO_ERROR)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*surface, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_USAGE_BITS, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(0), Return(NO_ERROR)));
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*surface, setAsyncMode(true)).Times(1);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mProducer, connect(_, _, _, _)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mProducer, disconnect(_, _)).Times(1);
+
+    Case::Display::setupHwcVirtualDisplayCreationCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::WideColorSupport::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
+    Case::HdrSupport::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // The display device should have been set up in the list of displays.
+    verifyDisplayIsConnected<Case>(displayToken);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Cleanup conditions
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, destroyVirtualDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID))
+            .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesVirtualDisplayAddedWithNoSurface) {
+    using Case = HwcVirtualDisplayCase;
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    // The HWC supports at least one virtual display
+    injectMockComposer(1);
+
+    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+
+    // A virtual display was added to the current state, but it does not have a
+    // surface.
+    sp<BBinder> displayToken = new BBinder();
+
+    DisplayDeviceState info;
+    info.type = Case::Display::TYPE;
+    info.isSecure =  static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE);
+
+    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.add(displayToken, info);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // There will not be a display device set up.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasDisplayDevice(displayToken));
+
+    // The drawing display state will be set from the current display state.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hasDrawingDisplayState(displayToken));
+    const auto& draw = getDrawingDisplayState(displayToken);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::TYPE, draw.type);
+}
+
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesVirtualDisplayRemoval) {
+    using Case = HwcVirtualDisplayCase;
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Preconditions
+
+    // A virtual display is set up but is removed from the current state.
+    mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplayData().resize(3);
+    Case::Display::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+    auto existing = Case::Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this);
+    existing.inject();
+    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.removeItem(existing.token());
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Call Expectations
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, isUsingVrComposer()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invocation
+
+    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Postconditions
+
+    // The existing token should have been removed
+    verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 2dd8e5f..d3b637b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@
      * Forwarding for functions being tested
      */
 
+    auto setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(const wp<IBinder>& display, int hwcId,
+                                       const DisplayDeviceState& state,
+                                       const sp<DisplaySurface>& dispSurface,
+                                       const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& producer) {
+        return mFlinger->setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(display, hwcId, state, dispSurface,
+                                                       producer);
+    }
+
     auto handleTransactionLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) {
         return mFlinger->handleTransactionLocked(transactionFlags);
     }
@@ -69,9 +77,12 @@
      * post-conditions.
      */
 
+    auto& mutableHasWideColorDisplay() { return SurfaceFlinger::hasWideColorDisplay; }
+
     auto& mutableBuiltinDisplays() { return mFlinger->mBuiltinDisplays; }
     auto& mutableCurrentState() { return mFlinger->mCurrentState; }
     auto& mutableDisplays() { return mFlinger->mDisplays; }
+    auto& mutableDisplayColorSetting() { return mFlinger->mDisplayColorSetting; }
     auto& mutableDrawingState() { return mFlinger->mDrawingState; }
     auto& mutableEventControlThread() { return mFlinger->mEventControlThread; }
     auto& mutableEventQueue() { return mFlinger->mEventQueue; }
@@ -79,6 +90,7 @@
     auto& mutableInterceptor() { return mFlinger->mInterceptor; }
     auto& mutablePendingHotplugEvents() { return mFlinger->mPendingHotplugEvents; }
     auto& mutableTransactionFlags() { return mFlinger->mTransactionFlags; }
+    auto& mutableUseHwcVirtualDisplays() { return mFlinger->mUseHwcVirtualDisplays; }
 
     auto& mutableHwcDisplayData() { return mFlinger->getBE().mHwc->mDisplayData; }
     auto& mutableHwcDisplaySlots() { return mFlinger->getBE().mHwc->mHwcDisplaySlots; }
@@ -101,6 +113,7 @@
      * Wrapper classes for Read-write access to private data to set up
      * preconditions and assert post-conditions.
      */
+
     struct HWC2Display : public HWC2::Display {
         HWC2Display(Hwc2::Composer& composer,
                     const std::unordered_set<HWC2::Capability>& capabilities, hwc2_display_t id,
@@ -115,7 +128,163 @@
         auto& mutableConfigs() { return this->mConfigs; }
     };
 
+    class FakeHwcDisplayInjector {
+    public:
+        static constexpr hwc2_display_t DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1000;
+        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_WIDTH = 1920;
+        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 1280;
+        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE = 16'666'666;
+        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_DPI = 320;
+        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONFIG = 0;
+
+        FakeHwcDisplayInjector(DisplayDevice::DisplayType type, HWC2::DisplayType hwcDisplayType)
+              : mType(type), mHwcDisplayType(hwcDisplayType) {}
+
+        auto& setHwcDisplayId(hwc2_display_t displayId) {
+            mHwcDisplayId = displayId;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setWidth(int32_t width) {
+            mWidth = width;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setHeight(int32_t height) {
+            mHeight = height;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setRefreshRate(int32_t refreshRate) {
+            mRefreshRate = refreshRate;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setDpiX(int32_t dpi) {
+            mDpiX = dpi;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setDpiY(int32_t dpi) {
+            mDpiY = dpi;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setActiveConfig(int32_t config) {
+            mActiveConfig = config;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& addCapability(HWC2::Capability cap) {
+            mCapabilities.emplace(cap);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        void inject(TestableSurfaceFlinger* flinger, Hwc2::Composer* composer) {
+            auto display = std::make_unique<HWC2Display>(*composer, mCapabilities, mHwcDisplayId,
+                                                         mHwcDisplayType);
+
+            auto config = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, mActiveConfig);
+            config.setWidth(mWidth);
+            config.setHeight(mHeight);
+            config.setVsyncPeriod(mRefreshRate);
+            config.setDpiX(mDpiX);
+            config.setDpiY(mDpiY);
+            display->mutableConfigs().emplace(mActiveConfig, config.build());
+            display->mutableIsConnected() = true;
+
+            ASSERT_TRUE(flinger->mutableHwcDisplayData().size() > static_cast<size_t>(mType));
+            flinger->mutableHwcDisplayData()[mType].reset();
+            flinger->mutableHwcDisplayData()[mType].hwcDisplay = display.get();
+            flinger->mutableHwcDisplaySlots().emplace(mHwcDisplayId, mType);
+
+            flinger->mFakeHwcDisplays.push_back(std::move(display));
+        }
+
+    private:
+        DisplayDevice::DisplayType mType;
+        HWC2::DisplayType mHwcDisplayType;
+        hwc2_display_t mHwcDisplayId = DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
+        int32_t mWidth = DEFAULT_WIDTH;
+        int32_t mHeight = DEFAULT_HEIGHT;
+        int32_t mRefreshRate = DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE;
+        int32_t mDpiX = DEFAULT_DPI;
+        int32_t mDpiY = DEFAULT_DPI;
+        int32_t mActiveConfig = DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONFIG;
+        std::unordered_set<HWC2::Capability> mCapabilities;
+    };
+
+    class FakeDisplayDeviceInjector {
+    public:
+        FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(TestableSurfaceFlinger& flinger, DisplayDevice::DisplayType type,
+                                  int hwcId)
+              : mFlinger(flinger), mType(type), mHwcId(hwcId) {}
+
+        sp<IBinder> token() const { return mDisplayToken; }
+
+        DisplayDeviceState& mutableDrawingDisplayState() {
+            return mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().displays.editValueFor(mDisplayToken);
+        }
+
+        DisplayDeviceState& mutableCurrentDisplayState() {
+            return mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.editValueFor(mDisplayToken);
+        }
+
+        auto& setNativeWindow(const sp<ANativeWindow>& nativeWindow) {
+            mNativeWindow = nativeWindow;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setDisplaySurface(const sp<DisplaySurface>& displaySurface) {
+            mDisplaySurface = displaySurface;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setRenderSurface(std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface> renderSurface) {
+            mRenderSurface = std::move(renderSurface);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        auto& setSecure(bool secure) {
+            mSecure = secure;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        sp<DisplayDevice> inject() {
+            sp<DisplayDevice> device =
+                    new DisplayDevice(mFlinger.mFlinger.get(), mType, mHwcId, mSecure, mDisplayToken,
+                                      mNativeWindow, mDisplaySurface, std::move(mRenderSurface), 0,
+                                      0, false, HdrCapabilities(), 0, HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
+            mFlinger.mutableDisplays().add(mDisplayToken, device);
+
+            DisplayDeviceState state;
+            state.type = mType;
+            state.isSecure = mSecure;
+            mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.add(mDisplayToken, state);
+            mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().displays.add(mDisplayToken, state);
+
+            if (mType < DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) {
+                mFlinger.mutableBuiltinDisplays()[mType] = mDisplayToken;
+            }
+
+            return device;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        TestableSurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
+        sp<BBinder> mDisplayToken = new BBinder();
+        DisplayDevice::DisplayType mType;
+        int mHwcId;
+        sp<ANativeWindow> mNativeWindow;
+        sp<DisplaySurface> mDisplaySurface;
+        std::unique_ptr<RE::Surface> mRenderSurface;
+        bool mSecure = false;
+    };
+
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(SurfaceFlinger::SkipInitialization);
+
+    // We need to keep a reference to these so they are properly destroyed.
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<HWC2Display>> mFakeHwcDisplays;
 };
 
 } // namespace android