diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
index e3c4ede..01c4723 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
@@ -265,6 +265,22 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu14/trace
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu16/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu16/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu17/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu17/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu18/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu18/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu19/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu19/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu20/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu20/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu21/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu21/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu22/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu22/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu23/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu23/trace
 
 # Only create the tracing instance if persist.mm_events.enabled
 # Attempting to remove the tracing instance after it has been created
@@ -337,6 +353,22 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu14/trace
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu16/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu16/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu17/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu17/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu18/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu18/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu19/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu19/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu20/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu20/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu21/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu21/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu22/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu22/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu23/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu23/trace
 
 on property:persist.debug.atrace.boottrace=1
     start boottrace
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
index 83e6787..3722383 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
@@ -38,11 +38,6 @@
 #include "DumpPool.h"
 #include "TaskQueue.h"
 
-// Workaround for const char *args[MAX_ARGS_ARRAY_SIZE] variables until they're converted to
-// std::vector<std::string>
-// TODO: remove once not used
-#define MAX_ARGS_ARRAY_SIZE 1000
-
 // TODO: move everything under this namespace
 // TODO: and then remove explicitly android::os::dumpstate:: prefixes
 namespace android {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
index 5082eb0..157d259 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <regex>
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/capability.h>
@@ -281,36 +282,31 @@
 }
 
 status_t InstalldNativeService::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> & /* args */) {
-    auto out = std::fstream(StringPrintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd));
     const binder::Status dump_permission = checkPermission(kDump);
     if (!dump_permission.isOk()) {
-        out << dump_permission.toString8() << endl;
+        dprintf(fd, "%s\n", dump_permission.toString8().c_str());
         return PERMISSION_DENIED;
     }
-    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mLock);
 
-    out << "installd is happy!" << endl;
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mLock);
 
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mMountsLock);
-        out << endl << "Storage mounts:" << endl;
+        dprintf(fd, "Storage mounts:\n");
         for (const auto& n : mStorageMounts) {
-            out << "    " << n.first << " = " << n.second << endl;
+            dprintf(fd, "    %s = %s\n", n.first.c_str(), n.second.c_str());
         }
     }
 
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mQuotasLock);
-        out << endl << "Per-UID cache quotas:" << endl;
+        dprintf(fd, "Per-UID cache quotas:\n");
         for (const auto& n : mCacheQuotas) {
-            out << "    " << n.first << " = " << n.second << endl;
+            dprintf(fd, "    %d = %" PRId64 "\n", n.first, n.second);
         }
     }
 
-    out << "is_dexopt_blocked:" << android::installd::is_dexopt_blocked() << endl;
-
-    out << endl;
-    out.flush();
+    dprintf(fd, "is_dexopt_blocked:%d\n", android::installd::is_dexopt_blocked());
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
diff --git a/cmds/rss_hwm_reset/rss_hwm_reset.rc b/cmds/rss_hwm_reset/rss_hwm_reset.rc
index fbbc820..271cbf8 100644
--- a/cmds/rss_hwm_reset/rss_hwm_reset.rc
+++ b/cmds/rss_hwm_reset/rss_hwm_reset.rc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     oneshot
     user nobody
     group nobody readproc
-    writepid /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
+    task_profiles ServiceCapacityLow
     capabilities DAC_OVERRIDE
 
 on property:sys.rss_hwm_reset.on=1
diff --git a/cmds/service/Android.bp b/cmds/service/Android.bp
index 3e8e3f6..21ac11b 100644
--- a/cmds/service/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/service/Android.bp
@@ -52,3 +52,21 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_binary_host {
+    name: "aservice",
+
+    srcs: ["service.cpp"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "libutils",
+        "libbinder",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-DXP_UNIX",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/cmds/service/service.cpp b/cmds/service/service.cpp
index 18b6b58..fdbe85b 100644
--- a/cmds/service/service.cpp
+++ b/cmds/service/service.cpp
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 {
     if (service != nullptr) {
         Parcel data, reply;
+        data.markForBinder(service);
         status_t err = service->transact(IBinder::INTERFACE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
         if (err == NO_ERROR) {
             return reply.readString16();
@@ -76,6 +77,9 @@
     bool wantsUsage = false;
     int result = 0;
 
+    /* Strip path off the program name. */
+    char* prog_name = basename(argv[0]);
+
     while (1) {
         int ic = getopt(argc, argv, "h?");
         if (ic < 0)
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@
             wantsUsage = true;
             break;
         default:
-            aerr << "service: Unknown option -" << ic << endl;
+            aerr << prog_name << ": Unknown option -" << ic << endl;
             wantsUsage = true;
             result = 10;
             break;
@@ -96,10 +100,13 @@
 #ifdef VENDORSERVICES
     ProcessState::initWithDriver("/dev/vndbinder");
 #endif
+#ifndef __ANDROID__
+    setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager({.maxOutgoingThreads = 1}));
+#endif
     sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
     fflush(stdout);
     if (sm == nullptr) {
-        aerr << "service: Unable to get default service manager!" << endl;
+        aerr << prog_name << ": Unable to get default service manager!" << endl;
         return 20;
     }
 
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@
                 aout << "Service " << argv[optind] <<
                     (service == nullptr ? ": not found" : ": found") << endl;
             } else {
-                aerr << "service: No service specified for check" << endl;
+                aerr << prog_name << ": No service specified for check" << endl;
                 wantsUsage = true;
                 result = 10;
             }
@@ -138,6 +145,7 @@
                 int32_t code = atoi(argv[optind++]);
                 if (service != nullptr && ifName.size() > 0) {
                     Parcel data, reply;
+                    data.markForBinder(service);
 
                     // the interface name is first
                     data.writeInterfaceToken(ifName);
@@ -147,7 +155,7 @@
                         if (strcmp(argv[optind], "i32") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no integer supplied for 'i32'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no integer supplied for 'i32'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -156,7 +164,7 @@
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "i64") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no integer supplied for 'i64'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no integer supplied for 'i64'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "s16") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no string supplied for 's16'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no string supplied for 's16'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -174,7 +182,7 @@
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "f") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no number supplied for 'f'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no number supplied for 'f'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -183,7 +191,7 @@
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "d") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no number supplied for 'd'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no number supplied for 'd'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -195,7 +203,7 @@
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "fd") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no path supplied for 'fd'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no path supplied for 'fd'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -203,7 +211,7 @@
                             const char *path = argv[optind++];
                             int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
                             if (fd < 0) {
-                                aerr << "service: could not open '" << path << "'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": could not open '" << path << "'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -212,7 +220,7 @@
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "afd") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no path supplied for 'afd'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no path supplied for 'afd'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -221,7 +229,8 @@
                             int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
                             struct stat statbuf;
                             if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &statbuf) != 0) {
-                                aerr << "service: could not open or stat '" << path << "'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": could not open or stat"
+                                    << " '" << path << "'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -229,13 +238,14 @@
                             int afd = ashmem_create_region("test", statbuf.st_size);
                             void* ptr = mmap(NULL, statbuf.st_size,
                                    PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, afd, 0);
-                            read(fd, ptr, statbuf.st_size);
+                            (void)read(fd, ptr, statbuf.st_size);
                             close(fd);
                             data.writeFileDescriptor(afd, true /* take ownership */);
                         } else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "nfd") == 0) {
                             optind++;
                             if (optind >= argc) {
-                                aerr << "service: no file descriptor supplied for 'nfd'" << endl;
+                                aerr << prog_name << ": no file descriptor supplied for"
+                                    << " 'nfd'" << endl;
                                 wantsUsage = true;
                                 result = 10;
                                 break;
@@ -322,7 +332,7 @@
                             // for now just set the extra field to be null.
                             data.writeInt32(-1);
                         } else {
-                            aerr << "service: unknown option " << argv[optind] << endl;
+                            aerr << prog_name << ": unknown option " << argv[optind] << endl;
                             wantsUsage = true;
                             result = 10;
                             break;
@@ -332,44 +342,44 @@
                     service->transact(code, data, &reply);
                     aout << "Result: " << reply << endl;
                 } else {
-                    aerr << "service: Service " << argv[serviceArg]
+                    aerr << prog_name << ": Service " << argv[serviceArg]
                         << " does not exist" << endl;
                     result = 10;
                 }
             } else {
                 if (optind < argc) {
-                    aerr << "service: No service specified for call" << endl;
+                    aerr << prog_name << ": No service specified for call" << endl;
                 } else {
-                    aerr << "service: No code specified for call" << endl;
+                    aerr << prog_name << ": No code specified for call" << endl;
                 }
                 wantsUsage = true;
                 result = 10;
             }
         } else {
-            aerr << "service: Unknown command " << argv[optind] << endl;
+            aerr << prog_name << ": Unknown command " << argv[optind] << endl;
             wantsUsage = true;
             result = 10;
         }
     }
 
     if (wantsUsage) {
-        aout << "Usage: service [-h|-?]\n"
-                "       service list\n"
-                "       service check SERVICE\n"
-                "       service call SERVICE CODE [i32 N | i64 N | f N | d N | s16 STR | null"
-                " | fd f | nfd n | afd f ] ...\n"
+        aout << "Usage: " << prog_name << " [-h|-?]\n"
+                "       " << prog_name << " list\n"
+                "       " << prog_name << " check SERVICE\n"
+                "       " << prog_name << " call SERVICE CODE [i32 N | i64 N | f N | d N | s16 STR"
+                " | null | fd f | nfd n | afd f ] ...\n"
                 "Options:\n"
                 "   i32: Write the 32-bit integer N into the send parcel.\n"
                 "   i64: Write the 64-bit integer N into the send parcel.\n"
-                "   f:   Write the 32-bit single-precision number N into the send parcel.\n"
-                "   d:   Write the 64-bit double-precision number N into the send parcel.\n"
+                "     f: Write the 32-bit single-precision number N into the send parcel.\n"
+                "     d: Write the 64-bit double-precision number N into the send parcel.\n"
                 "   s16: Write the UTF-16 string STR into the send parcel.\n"
                 "  null: Write a null binder into the send parcel.\n"
-                "    fd: Write a file descriptor for the file f to the send parcel.\n"
-                "   nfd: Write file descriptor n to the send parcel.\n"
-                "   afd: Write an ashmem file descriptor for a region containing the data from"
-                " file f to the send parcel.\n";
-//                "   intent: Write and Intent int the send parcel. ARGS can be\n"
+                "    fd: Write a file descriptor for the file f into the send parcel.\n"
+                "   nfd: Write the file descriptor n into the send parcel.\n"
+                "   afd: Write an ashmem file descriptor for a region containing the data from\n"
+                "          file f into the send parcel.\n";
+//                "   intent: Write an Intent into the send parcel. ARGS can be\n"
 //                "       action=STR data=STR type=STR launchFlags=INT component=STR categories=STR[,STR,...]\n";
         return result;
     }
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.rc b/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.rc
index 6d5070f..0dd29e0 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.rc
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.rc
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
     onrestart class_restart main
     onrestart class_restart hal
     onrestart class_restart early_hal
-    writepid /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
+    task_profiles ServiceCapacityLow
     shutdown critical
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/vndservicemanager.rc b/cmds/servicemanager/vndservicemanager.rc
index 756f6c3..c9305a1 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/vndservicemanager.rc
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/vndservicemanager.rc
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     class core
     user system
     group system readproc
-    writepid /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
+    task_profiles ServiceCapacityLow
     onrestart class_restart main
     onrestart class_restart hal
     onrestart class_restart early_hal
diff --git a/libs/binder/Android.bp b/libs/binder/Android.bp
index bb1b513..2ecb895 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/Android.bp
@@ -153,10 +153,6 @@
         export_aidl_headers: true,
     },
 
-    // TODO(b/142684679): for com.android.media which is compiled
-    // as vendor and used as system code.
-    use_apex_name_macro: true,
-
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
diff --git a/libs/binder/Binder.cpp b/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
index d3eef4e..ec9d554 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
@@ -547,7 +547,6 @@
     AutoMutex _l(e->mLock);
     auto rpcServer = RpcServer::make();
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(rpcServer == nullptr, "RpcServer::make returns null");
-    rpcServer->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     auto link = sp<RpcServerLink>::make(rpcServer, keepAliveBinder, weakThis);
     if (auto status = keepAliveBinder->linkToDeath(link, nullptr, 0); status != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: keepAliveBinder->linkToDeath returns %s", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
diff --git a/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp b/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
index aff9e0d..81e61da 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
@@ -448,21 +448,27 @@
 // on-device service manager.
 class ServiceManagerHostShim : public ServiceManagerShim {
 public:
-    using ServiceManagerShim::ServiceManagerShim;
+    ServiceManagerHostShim(const sp<AidlServiceManager>& impl,
+                           const RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions& options)
+          : ServiceManagerShim(impl), mOptions(options) {}
     // ServiceManagerShim::getService is based on checkService, so no need to override it.
     sp<IBinder> checkService(const String16& name) const override {
-        return getDeviceService({String8(name).c_str()});
+        return getDeviceService({String8(name).c_str()}, mOptions);
     }
 
 protected:
     // Override realGetService for ServiceManagerShim::waitForService.
     Status realGetService(const std::string& name, sp<IBinder>* _aidl_return) {
-        *_aidl_return = getDeviceService({"-g", name});
+        *_aidl_return = getDeviceService({"-g", name}, mOptions);
         return Status::ok();
     }
+
+private:
+    RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions mOptions;
 };
-sp<IServiceManager> createRpcDelegateServiceManager() {
-    auto binder = getDeviceService({"manager"});
+sp<IServiceManager> createRpcDelegateServiceManager(
+        const RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions& options) {
+    auto binder = getDeviceService({"manager"}, options);
     if (binder == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("getDeviceService(\"manager\") returns null");
         return nullptr;
@@ -472,7 +478,7 @@
         ALOGE("getDeviceService(\"manager\") returns non service manager");
         return nullptr;
     }
-    return sp<ServiceManagerHostShim>::make(interface);
+    return sp<ServiceManagerHostShim>::make(interface, options);
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/OWNERS b/libs/binder/OWNERS
index 350994a..1c8bdea 100644
--- a/libs/binder/OWNERS
+++ b/libs/binder/OWNERS
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+# Bug component: 32456
 arve@google.com
 ctate@google.com
 hackbod@google.com
 maco@google.com
 smoreland@google.com
+tkjos@google.com
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index 07555f6..181f405 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -98,9 +98,8 @@
     BLOB_ASHMEM_MUTABLE = 2,
 };
 
-static void acquire_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
-    const flat_binder_object& obj, const void* who, size_t* outAshmemSize)
-{
+static void acquire_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc, const flat_binder_object& obj,
+                           const void* who) {
     switch (obj.hdr.type) {
         case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
             if (obj.binder) {
@@ -117,13 +116,6 @@
             return;
         }
         case BINDER_TYPE_FD: {
-            if ((obj.cookie != 0) && (outAshmemSize != nullptr) && ashmem_valid(obj.handle)) {
-                // If we own an ashmem fd, keep track of how much memory it refers to.
-                int size = ashmem_get_size_region(obj.handle);
-                if (size > 0) {
-                    *outAshmemSize += size;
-                }
-            }
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -131,9 +123,8 @@
     ALOGD("Invalid object type 0x%08x", obj.hdr.type);
 }
 
-static void release_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
-    const flat_binder_object& obj, const void* who, size_t* outAshmemSize)
-{
+static void release_object(const sp<ProcessState>& proc, const flat_binder_object& obj,
+                           const void* who) {
     switch (obj.hdr.type) {
         case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
             if (obj.binder) {
@@ -151,16 +142,6 @@
         }
         case BINDER_TYPE_FD: {
             if (obj.cookie != 0) { // owned
-                if ((outAshmemSize != nullptr) && ashmem_valid(obj.handle)) {
-                    int size = ashmem_get_size_region(obj.handle);
-                    if (size > 0) {
-                        // ashmem size might have changed since last time it was accounted for, e.g.
-                        // in acquire_object(). Value of *outAshmemSize is not critical since we are
-                        // releasing the object anyway. Check for integer overflow condition.
-                        *outAshmemSize -= std::min(*outAshmemSize, static_cast<size_t>(size));
-                    }
-                }
-
                 close(obj.handle);
             }
             return;
@@ -430,8 +411,9 @@
 
 status_t Parcel::appendFrom(const Parcel *parcel, size_t offset, size_t len)
 {
-    if (parcel->isForRpc() != isForRpc()) {
-        ALOGE("Cannot append Parcel of one format to another.");
+    if (mSession != parcel->mSession) {
+        ALOGE("Cannot append Parcel from one context to another. They may be different formats, "
+              "and objects are specific to a context.");
         return BAD_TYPE;
     }
 
@@ -512,7 +494,7 @@
 
             flat_binder_object* flat
                 = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData + off);
-            acquire_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
+            acquire_object(proc, *flat, this);
 
             if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
                 // If this is a file descriptor, we need to dup it so the
@@ -566,6 +548,33 @@
     return mHasFds;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::hasFileDescriptorsInRange(size_t offset, size_t len, bool* result) const {
+    if (len > INT32_MAX || offset > INT32_MAX) {
+        // Don't accept size_t values which may have come from an inadvertent conversion from a
+        // negative int.
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    size_t limit;
+    if (__builtin_add_overflow(offset, len, &limit) || limit > mDataSize) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    *result = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mObjectsSize; i++) {
+        size_t pos = mObjects[i];
+        if (pos < offset) continue;
+        if (pos + sizeof(flat_binder_object) > offset + len) {
+          if (mObjectsSorted) break;
+          else continue;
+        }
+        const flat_binder_object* flat = reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData + pos);
+        if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
+            *result = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 void Parcel::markSensitive() const
 {
     mDeallocZero = true;
@@ -1335,7 +1344,7 @@
         // Need to write meta-data?
         if (nullMetaData || val.binder != 0) {
             mObjects[mObjectsSize] = mDataPos;
-            acquire_object(ProcessState::self(), val, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
+            acquire_object(ProcessState::self(), val, this);
             mObjectsSize++;
         }
 
@@ -2225,7 +2234,7 @@
         i--;
         const flat_binder_object* flat
             = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(data+objects[i]);
-        release_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
+        release_object(proc, *flat, this);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2242,7 +2251,7 @@
         i--;
         const flat_binder_object* flat
             = reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(data+objects[i]);
-        acquire_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
+        acquire_object(proc, *flat, this);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2447,7 +2456,7 @@
                     // will need to rescan because we may have lopped off the only FDs
                     mFdsKnown = false;
                 }
-                release_object(proc, *flat, this, &mOpenAshmemSize);
+                release_object(proc, *flat, this);
             }
 
             if (objectsSize == 0) {
@@ -2540,7 +2549,6 @@
     mAllowFds = true;
     mDeallocZero = false;
     mOwner = nullptr;
-    mOpenAshmemSize = 0;
     mWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition = 0;
     mRequestHeaderPresent = false;
 
@@ -2557,18 +2565,9 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Parcel::scanForFds() const
-{
-    bool hasFds = false;
-    for (size_t i=0; i<mObjectsSize; i++) {
-        const flat_binder_object* flat
-            = reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData + mObjects[i]);
-        if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD) {
-            hasFds = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    mHasFds = hasFds;
+void Parcel::scanForFds() const {
+    status_t status = hasFileDescriptorsInRange(0, dataSize(), &mHasFds);
+    ALOGE_IF(status != NO_ERROR, "Error %d calling hasFileDescriptorsInRange()", status);
     mFdsKnown = true;
 }
 
@@ -2576,13 +2575,28 @@
 {
     // This used to return the size of all blobs that were written to ashmem, now we're returning
     // the ashmem currently referenced by this Parcel, which should be equivalent.
-    // TODO: Remove method once ABI can be changed.
-    return mOpenAshmemSize;
+    // TODO(b/202029388): Remove method once ABI can be changed.
+    return getOpenAshmemSize();
 }
 
 size_t Parcel::getOpenAshmemSize() const
 {
-    return mOpenAshmemSize;
+    size_t openAshmemSize = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mObjectsSize; i++) {
+        const flat_binder_object* flat =
+                reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData + mObjects[i]);
+
+        // cookie is compared against zero for historical reasons
+        // > obj.cookie = takeOwnership ? 1 : 0;
+        if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_FD && flat->cookie != 0 && ashmem_valid(flat->handle)) {
+            int size = ashmem_get_size_region(flat->handle);
+            if (__builtin_add_overflow(openAshmemSize, size, &openAshmemSize)) {
+                ALOGE("Overflow when computing ashmem size.");
+                return SIZE_MAX;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return openAshmemSize;
 }
 
 // --- Parcel::Blob ---
diff --git a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
index 94b2806..4f21cda 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
@@ -89,13 +89,21 @@
     return init(nullptr, false /*requireDefault*/);
 }
 
+[[clang::no_destroy]] static sp<ProcessState> gProcess;
+[[clang::no_destroy]] static std::mutex gProcessMutex;
+
+static void verifyNotForked(bool forked) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(forked, "libbinder ProcessState can not be used after fork");
+}
+
 sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::init(const char *driver, bool requireDefault)
 {
-    [[clang::no_destroy]] static sp<ProcessState> gProcess;
-    [[clang::no_destroy]] static std::mutex gProcessMutex;
 
     if (driver == nullptr) {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(gProcessMutex);
+        if (gProcess) {
+            verifyNotForked(gProcess->mForked);
+        }
         return gProcess;
     }
 
@@ -106,6 +114,14 @@
             driver = "/dev/binder";
         }
 
+        // we must install these before instantiating the gProcess object,
+        // otherwise this would race with creating it, and there could be the
+        // possibility of an invalid gProcess object forked by another thread
+        // before these are installed
+        int ret = pthread_atfork(ProcessState::onFork, ProcessState::parentPostFork,
+                                 ProcessState::childPostFork);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ret != 0, "pthread_atfork error %s", strerror(ret));
+
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(gProcessMutex);
         gProcess = sp<ProcessState>::make(driver);
     });
@@ -119,6 +135,7 @@
                             gProcess->getDriverName().c_str(), driver);
     }
 
+    verifyNotForked(gProcess->mForked);
     return gProcess;
 }
 
@@ -137,6 +154,24 @@
     return context;
 }
 
+void ProcessState::onFork() {
+    // make sure another thread isn't currently retrieving ProcessState
+    gProcessMutex.lock();
+}
+
+void ProcessState::parentPostFork() {
+    gProcessMutex.unlock();
+}
+
+void ProcessState::childPostFork() {
+    // another thread might call fork before gProcess is instantiated, but after
+    // the thread handler is installed
+    if (gProcess) {
+        gProcess->mForked = true;
+    }
+    gProcessMutex.unlock();
+}
+
 void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
 {
     AutoMutex _l(mLock);
@@ -426,6 +461,7 @@
         mWaitingForThreads(0),
         mMaxThreads(DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS),
         mStarvationStartTimeMs(0),
+        mForked(false),
         mThreadPoolStarted(false),
         mThreadPoolSeq(1),
         mCallRestriction(CallRestriction::NONE) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
index 44b588b..93ed50e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,6 @@
     return sp<RpcServer>::make(std::move(ctx));
 }
 
-void RpcServer::iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction() {
-    mAgreedExperimental = true;
-}
-
 status_t RpcServer::setupUnixDomainServer(const char* path) {
     return setupSocketServer(UnixSocketAddress(path));
 }
@@ -127,14 +123,23 @@
 
 void RpcServer::setRootObject(const sp<IBinder>& binder) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
+    mRootObjectFactory = nullptr;
     mRootObjectWeak = mRootObject = binder;
 }
 
 void RpcServer::setRootObjectWeak(const wp<IBinder>& binder) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
     mRootObject.clear();
+    mRootObjectFactory = nullptr;
     mRootObjectWeak = binder;
 }
+void RpcServer::setPerSessionRootObject(
+        std::function<sp<IBinder>(const sockaddr*, socklen_t)>&& makeObject) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
+    mRootObject.clear();
+    mRootObjectWeak.clear();
+    mRootObjectFactory = std::move(makeObject);
+}
 
 sp<IBinder> RpcServer::getRootObject() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
@@ -154,14 +159,12 @@
 }
 
 void RpcServer::start() {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mAgreedExperimental, "no!");
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mJoinThread.get(), "Already started!");
     mJoinThread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(&joinRpcServer, sp<RpcServer>::fromExisting(this));
 }
 
 void RpcServer::join() {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mAgreedExperimental, "no!");
 
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
@@ -174,8 +177,14 @@
 
     status_t status;
     while ((status = mShutdownTrigger->triggerablePoll(mServer, POLLIN)) == OK) {
-        unique_fd clientFd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-                accept4(mServer.get(), nullptr, nullptr /*length*/, SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK)));
+        sockaddr_storage addr;
+        socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(addr);
+
+        unique_fd clientFd(
+                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(accept4(mServer.get(), reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&addr),
+                                           &addrLen, SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK)));
+
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(addrLen > static_cast<socklen_t>(sizeof(addr)), "Truncated address");
 
         if (clientFd < 0) {
             ALOGE("Could not accept4 socket: %s", strerror(errno));
@@ -187,7 +196,7 @@
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
             std::thread thread =
                     std::thread(&RpcServer::establishConnection, sp<RpcServer>::fromExisting(this),
-                                std::move(clientFd));
+                                std::move(clientFd), addr, addrLen);
             mConnectingThreads[thread.get_id()] = std::move(thread);
         }
     }
@@ -257,10 +266,8 @@
     return mConnectingThreads.size();
 }
 
-void RpcServer::establishConnection(sp<RpcServer>&& server, base::unique_fd clientFd) {
-    // TODO(b/183988761): cannot trust this simple ID
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!server->mAgreedExperimental, "no!");
-
+void RpcServer::establishConnection(sp<RpcServer>&& server, base::unique_fd clientFd,
+                                    const sockaddr_storage addr, socklen_t addrLen) {
     // mShutdownTrigger can only be cleared once connection threads have joined.
     // It must be set before this thread is started
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(server->mShutdownTrigger == nullptr);
@@ -381,13 +388,25 @@
             } while (server->mSessions.end() != server->mSessions.find(sessionId));
 
             session = RpcSession::make();
-            session->setMaxThreads(server->mMaxThreads);
+            session->setMaxIncomingThreads(server->mMaxThreads);
             if (!session->setProtocolVersion(protocolVersion)) return;
+
+            // if null, falls back to server root
+            sp<IBinder> sessionSpecificRoot;
+            if (server->mRootObjectFactory != nullptr) {
+                sessionSpecificRoot =
+                        server->mRootObjectFactory(reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr*>(&addr),
+                                                   addrLen);
+                if (sessionSpecificRoot == nullptr) {
+                    ALOGE("Warning: server returned null from root object factory");
+                }
+            }
+
             if (!session->setForServer(server,
                                        sp<RpcServer::EventListener>::fromExisting(
                                                static_cast<RpcServer::EventListener*>(
                                                        server.get())),
-                                       sessionId)) {
+                                       sessionId, sessionSpecificRoot)) {
                 ALOGE("Failed to attach server to session");
                 return;
             }
@@ -478,19 +497,16 @@
 }
 
 bool RpcServer::hasServer() {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mAgreedExperimental, "no!");
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
     return mServer.ok();
 }
 
 unique_fd RpcServer::releaseServer() {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mAgreedExperimental, "no!");
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
     return std::move(mServer);
 }
 
 status_t RpcServer::setupExternalServer(base::unique_fd serverFd) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mAgreedExperimental, "no!");
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mLock);
     if (mServer.ok()) {
         ALOGE("Each RpcServer can only have one server.");
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp
index 37f6c7f..137411b 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp
@@ -76,18 +76,32 @@
     return sp<RpcSession>::make(std::move(ctx));
 }
 
-void RpcSession::setMaxThreads(size_t threads) {
+void RpcSession::setMaxIncomingThreads(size_t threads) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mMutex);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mConnections.mOutgoing.empty() || !mConnections.mIncoming.empty(),
-                        "Must set max threads before setting up connections, but has %zu client(s) "
-                        "and %zu server(s)",
+                        "Must set max incoming threads before setting up connections, but has %zu "
+                        "client(s) and %zu server(s)",
                         mConnections.mOutgoing.size(), mConnections.mIncoming.size());
-    mMaxThreads = threads;
+    mMaxIncomingThreads = threads;
 }
 
-size_t RpcSession::getMaxThreads() {
+size_t RpcSession::getMaxIncomingThreads() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mMutex);
-    return mMaxThreads;
+    return mMaxIncomingThreads;
+}
+
+void RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingThreads(size_t threads) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mMutex);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mConnections.mOutgoing.empty() || !mConnections.mIncoming.empty(),
+                        "Must set max outgoing threads before setting up connections, but has %zu "
+                        "client(s) and %zu server(s)",
+                        mConnections.mOutgoing.size(), mConnections.mIncoming.size());
+    mMaxOutgoingThreads = threads;
+}
+
+size_t RpcSession::getMaxOutgoingThreads() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mMutex);
+    return mMaxOutgoingThreads;
 }
 
 bool RpcSession::setProtocolVersion(uint32_t version) {
@@ -473,6 +487,12 @@
         return status;
     }
 
+    size_t outgoingThreads = std::min(numThreadsAvailable, mMaxOutgoingThreads);
+    ALOGI_IF(outgoingThreads != numThreadsAvailable,
+             "Server hints client to start %zu outgoing threads, but client will only start %zu "
+             "because it is preconfigured to start at most %zu outgoing threads.",
+             numThreadsAvailable, outgoingThreads, mMaxOutgoingThreads);
+
     // TODO(b/189955605): we should add additional sessions dynamically
     // instead of all at once - the other side should be responsible for setting
     // up additional connections. We need to create at least one (unless 0 are
@@ -480,11 +500,14 @@
     // any requests at all.
 
     // we've already setup one client
-    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < numThreadsAvailable; i++) {
+    LOG_RPC_DETAIL("RpcSession::setupClient() instantiating %zu outgoing (server max: %zu) and %zu "
+                   "incoming threads",
+                   outgoingThreads, numThreadsAvailable, mMaxIncomingThreads);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < outgoingThreads; i++) {
         if (status_t status = connectAndInit(mId, false /*incoming*/); status != OK) return status;
     }
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mMaxThreads; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mMaxIncomingThreads; i++) {
         if (status_t status = connectAndInit(mId, true /*incoming*/); status != OK) return status;
     }
 
@@ -677,7 +700,8 @@
 }
 
 bool RpcSession::setForServer(const wp<RpcServer>& server, const wp<EventListener>& eventListener,
-                              const std::vector<uint8_t>& sessionId) {
+                              const std::vector<uint8_t>& sessionId,
+                              const sp<IBinder>& sessionSpecificRoot) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mForServer != nullptr);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(server == nullptr);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEventListener != nullptr);
@@ -690,6 +714,7 @@
     mId = sessionId;
     mForServer = server;
     mEventListener = eventListener;
+    mSessionSpecificRootObject = sessionSpecificRoot;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -697,9 +722,9 @@
         std::unique_ptr<RpcTransport> rpcTransport) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(mMutex);
 
-    if (mConnections.mIncoming.size() >= mMaxThreads) {
+    if (mConnections.mIncoming.size() >= mMaxIncomingThreads) {
         ALOGE("Cannot add thread to session with %zu threads (max is set to %zu)",
-              mConnections.mIncoming.size(), mMaxThreads);
+              mConnections.mIncoming.size(), mMaxIncomingThreads);
         return nullptr;
     }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
index ef62f20..09b3d68 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@
 
             switch (transaction->code) {
                 case RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_MAX_THREADS: {
-                    replyStatus = reply.writeInt32(session->getMaxThreads());
+                    replyStatus = reply.writeInt32(session->getMaxIncomingThreads());
                     break;
                 }
                 case RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_SESSION_ID: {
@@ -870,7 +870,9 @@
                     if (server) {
                         switch (transaction->code) {
                             case RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_ROOT: {
-                                replyStatus = reply.writeStrongBinder(server->getRootObject());
+                                sp<IBinder> root = session->mSessionSpecificRootObject
+                                        ?: server->getRootObject();
+                                replyStatus = reply.writeStrongBinder(root);
                                 break;
                             }
                             default: {
diff --git a/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp b/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp
index 27cc563..194254a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@
 
 } // namespace
 
-sp<IBinder> getDeviceService(std::vector<std::string>&& serviceDispatcherArgs) {
+sp<IBinder> getDeviceService(std::vector<std::string>&& serviceDispatcherArgs,
+                             const RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions& options) {
     std::vector<std::string> prefix{"adb", "shell", "servicedispatcher"};
     serviceDispatcherArgs.insert(serviceDispatcherArgs.begin(), prefix.begin(), prefix.end());
 
@@ -158,6 +159,10 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!forwardResult->hostPort().has_value());
 
     auto rpcSession = RpcSession::make();
+    if (options.maxOutgoingThreads.has_value()) {
+        rpcSession->setMaxOutgoingThreads(*options.maxOutgoingThreads);
+    }
+
     if (status_t status = rpcSession->setupInetClient("127.0.0.1", *forwardResult->hostPort());
         status != OK) {
         ALOGE("Unable to set up inet client on host port %u: %s", *forwardResult->hostPort(),
diff --git a/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.h b/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.h
index e59724c..c5310da 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.h
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+struct RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions;
+
 // Get a service on device by running servicedispatcher with the given args, e.g.
 //     getDeviceService({"foo"});
 // Return nullptr on any error.
 // When the returned binder object is destroyed, remove adb forwarding and kills
 // the long-running servicedispatcher process.
-sp<IBinder> getDeviceService(std::vector<std::string>&& serviceDispatcherArgs);
+sp<IBinder> getDeviceService(std::vector<std::string>&& serviceDispatcherArgs,
+                             const RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions& options);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h
index a48075d..240e3c2 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h
@@ -188,7 +188,16 @@
 //        // ...
 //    }
 // Resources are cleaned up when the object is destroyed.
-sp<IServiceManager> createRpcDelegateServiceManager();
+//
+// For each returned binder object, at most |maxOutgoingThreads| outgoing threads are instantiated.
+// Hence, only |maxOutgoingThreads| calls can be made simultaneously. Additional calls are blocked
+// if there are |maxOutgoingThreads| ongoing calls. See RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingThreads.
+// If |maxOutgoingThreads| is not set, default is |RpcSession::kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads|.
+struct RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions {
+    std::optional<size_t> maxOutgoingThreads;
+};
+sp<IServiceManager> createRpcDelegateServiceManager(
+        const RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions& options);
 #endif
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
index fd8ac62..d90e803 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
     void                restoreAllowFds(bool lastValue);
 
     bool                hasFileDescriptors() const;
+    status_t hasFileDescriptorsInRange(size_t offset, size_t length, bool* result) const;
 
     // Zeros data when reallocating. Other mitigations may be added
     // in the future.
@@ -1141,6 +1142,7 @@
     release_func        mOwner;
 
     sp<RpcSession> mSession;
+    size_t mReserved;
 
     class Blob {
     public:
@@ -1225,13 +1227,19 @@
         inline void* data() { return mData; }
     };
 
-private:
-    size_t mOpenAshmemSize;
-
-public:
-    // TODO: Remove once ABI can be changed.
-    size_t getBlobAshmemSize() const;
+    /**
+     * Returns the total amount of ashmem memory owned by this object.
+     *
+     * Note: for historical reasons, this does not include ashmem memory which
+     * is referenced by this Parcel, but which this parcel doesn't own (e.g.
+     * writeFileDescriptor is called without 'takeOwnership' true).
+     */
     size_t getOpenAshmemSize() const;
+
+private:
+    // TODO(b/202029388): Remove 'getBlobAshmemSize' once no prebuilts reference
+    // this
+    size_t getBlobAshmemSize() const;
 };
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
index 72c2ab7..cf8d8e4 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
@@ -94,6 +94,10 @@
 private:
     static sp<ProcessState> init(const char* defaultDriver, bool requireDefault);
 
+    static void onFork();
+    static void parentPostFork();
+    static void childPostFork();
+
     friend class IPCThreadState;
     friend class sp<ProcessState>;
 
@@ -132,6 +136,7 @@
 
     Vector<handle_entry> mHandleToObject;
 
+    bool mForked;
     bool mThreadPoolStarted;
     volatile int32_t mThreadPoolSeq;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h
index fb2cf23..a426713 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h
@@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 
-// WARNING: This is a feature which is still in development, and it is subject
-// to radical change. Any production use of this may subject your code to any
-// number of problems.
-
 namespace android {
 
 class FdTrigger;
@@ -99,8 +95,6 @@
      */
     [[nodiscard]] status_t setupExternalServer(base::unique_fd serverFd);
 
-    void iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
-
     /**
      * This must be called before adding a client session.
      *
@@ -130,6 +124,10 @@
      * Holds a weak reference to the root object.
      */
     void setRootObjectWeak(const wp<IBinder>& binder);
+    /**
+     * Allows a root object to be created for each session
+     */
+    void setPerSessionRootObject(std::function<sp<IBinder>(const sockaddr*, socklen_t)>&& object);
     sp<IBinder> getRootObject();
 
     /**
@@ -179,11 +177,11 @@
     void onSessionAllIncomingThreadsEnded(const sp<RpcSession>& session) override;
     void onSessionIncomingThreadEnded() override;
 
-    static void establishConnection(sp<RpcServer>&& server, base::unique_fd clientFd);
+    static void establishConnection(sp<RpcServer>&& server, base::unique_fd clientFd,
+                                    const sockaddr_storage addr, socklen_t addrLen);
     status_t setupSocketServer(const RpcSocketAddress& address);
 
     const std::unique_ptr<RpcTransportCtx> mCtx;
-    bool mAgreedExperimental = false;
     size_t mMaxThreads = 1;
     std::optional<uint32_t> mProtocolVersion;
     base::unique_fd mServer; // socket we are accepting sessions on
@@ -194,6 +192,7 @@
     std::map<std::thread::id, std::thread> mConnectingThreads;
     sp<IBinder> mRootObject;
     wp<IBinder> mRootObjectWeak;
+    std::function<sp<IBinder>(const sockaddr*, socklen_t)> mRootObjectFactory;
     std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, sp<RpcSession>> mSessions;
     std::unique_ptr<FdTrigger> mShutdownTrigger;
     std::condition_variable mShutdownCv;
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
index 0fcee90..bd1063d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
@@ -26,10 +26,6 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
-// WARNING: This is a feature which is still in development, and it is subject
-// to radical change. Any production use of this may subject your code to any
-// number of problems.
-
 namespace android {
 
 class Parcel;
@@ -50,6 +46,8 @@
  */
 class RpcSession final : public virtual RefBase {
 public:
+    static constexpr size_t kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads = 10;
+
     // Create an RpcSession with default configuration (raw sockets).
     static sp<RpcSession> make();
 
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@
     static sp<RpcSession> make(std::unique_ptr<RpcTransportCtxFactory> rpcTransportCtxFactory);
 
     /**
-     * Set the maximum number of threads allowed to be made (for things like callbacks).
+     * Set the maximum number of incoming threads allowed to be made (for things like callbacks).
      * By default, this is 0. This must be called before setting up this connection as a client.
      * Server sessions will inherits this value from RpcServer.
      *
@@ -68,8 +66,20 @@
      *
      * TODO(b/189955605): start these dynamically
      */
-    void setMaxThreads(size_t threads);
-    size_t getMaxThreads();
+    void setMaxIncomingThreads(size_t threads);
+    size_t getMaxIncomingThreads();
+
+    /**
+     * Set the maximum number of outgoing threads allowed to be made.
+     * By default, this is |kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads|. This must be called before setting up this
+     * connection as a client.
+     *
+     * This limits the number of outgoing threads on top of the remote peer setting. This RpcSession
+     * will only instantiate |min(maxOutgoingThreads, remoteMaxThreads)| outgoing threads, where
+     * |remoteMaxThreads| can be retrieved from the remote peer via |getRemoteMaxThreads()|.
+     */
+    void setMaxOutgoingThreads(size_t threads);
+    size_t getMaxOutgoingThreads();
 
     /**
      * By default, the minimum of the supported versions of the client and the
@@ -242,7 +252,8 @@
                                                  bool init);
     [[nodiscard]] bool setForServer(const wp<RpcServer>& server,
                                     const wp<RpcSession::EventListener>& eventListener,
-                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& sessionId);
+                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& sessionId,
+                                    const sp<IBinder>& sessionSpecificRoot);
     sp<RpcConnection> assignIncomingConnectionToThisThread(
             std::unique_ptr<RpcTransport> rpcTransport);
     [[nodiscard]] bool removeIncomingConnection(const sp<RpcConnection>& connection);
@@ -299,6 +310,10 @@
     sp<WaitForShutdownListener> mShutdownListener; // used for client sessions
     wp<EventListener> mEventListener; // mForServer if server, mShutdownListener if client
 
+    // session-specific root object (if a different root is used for each
+    // session)
+    sp<IBinder> mSessionSpecificRootObject;
+
     std::vector<uint8_t> mId;
 
     std::unique_ptr<FdTrigger> mShutdownTrigger;
@@ -307,7 +322,8 @@
 
     std::mutex mMutex; // for all below
 
-    size_t mMaxThreads = 0;
+    size_t mMaxIncomingThreads = 0;
+    size_t mMaxOutgoingThreads = kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads;
     std::optional<uint32_t> mProtocolVersion;
 
     std::condition_variable mAvailableConnectionCv; // for mWaitingThreads
diff --git a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
index cad55fb..6dfec75 100644
--- a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 bool RunRpcServerCallback(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port, void (*readyCallback)(void* param),
                           void* param) {
     auto server = RpcServer::make();
-    server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     if (status_t status = server->setupVsockServer(port); status != OK) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set up vsock server with port " << port
                    << " error: " << statusToString(status).c_str();
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp
index 49c7b7c..81aa551 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp
@@ -780,3 +780,7 @@
     AIBinder_incStrong(ndkBinder.get());
     return ndkBinder.get();
 }
+
+void AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(AIBinder* binder, int policy, int priority) {
+    binder->asABBinder()->setMinSchedulerPolicy(policy, priority);
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_parcel_utils.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_parcel_utils.h
index 563d011..2b18a0a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_parcel_utils.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_parcel_utils.h
@@ -543,6 +543,28 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Writes a parcelable object of type P inside a std::vector<P> at index 'index' to 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <typename P>
+binder_status_t AParcel_writeNullableStdVectorParcelableElement(AParcel* parcel,
+                                                                const void* vectorData,
+                                                                size_t index) {
+    const std::optional<std::vector<P>>* vector =
+            static_cast<const std::optional<std::vector<P>>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_writeNullableParcelable(parcel, (*vector)->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads a parcelable object of type P inside a std::vector<P> at index 'index' from 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <typename P>
+binder_status_t AParcel_readNullableStdVectorParcelableElement(const AParcel* parcel,
+                                                               void* vectorData, size_t index) {
+    std::optional<std::vector<P>>* vector = static_cast<std::optional<std::vector<P>>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_readNullableParcelable(parcel, &(*vector)->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
  * Writes a ScopedFileDescriptor object inside a std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor> at index 'index'
  * to 'parcel'.
  */
@@ -551,11 +573,7 @@
         AParcel* parcel, const void* vectorData, size_t index) {
     const std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>* vector =
             static_cast<const std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>*>(vectorData);
-    int writeFd = vector->at(index).get();
-    if (writeFd < 0) {
-        return STATUS_UNEXPECTED_NULL;
-    }
-    return AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor(parcel, writeFd);
+    return AParcel_writeRequiredParcelFileDescriptor(parcel, vector->at(index));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -567,15 +585,79 @@
         const AParcel* parcel, void* vectorData, size_t index) {
     std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>* vector =
             static_cast<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>*>(vectorData);
-    int readFd;
-    binder_status_t status = AParcel_readParcelFileDescriptor(parcel, &readFd);
-    if (status == STATUS_OK) {
-        if (readFd < 0) {
-            return STATUS_UNEXPECTED_NULL;
-        }
-        vector->at(index).set(readFd);
-    }
-    return status;
+    return AParcel_readRequiredParcelFileDescriptor(parcel, &vector->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes a ScopedFileDescriptor object inside a std::optional<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>> at
+ * index 'index' to 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <>
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeNullableStdVectorParcelableElement<ScopedFileDescriptor>(
+        AParcel* parcel, const void* vectorData, size_t index) {
+    const std::optional<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>>* vector =
+            static_cast<const std::optional<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_writeNullableParcelFileDescriptor(parcel, (*vector)->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads a ScopedFileDescriptor object inside a std::optional<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>> at
+ * index 'index' from 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <>
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_readNullableStdVectorParcelableElement<ScopedFileDescriptor>(
+        const AParcel* parcel, void* vectorData, size_t index) {
+    std::optional<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>>* vector =
+            static_cast<std::optional<std::vector<ScopedFileDescriptor>>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_readNullableParcelFileDescriptor(parcel, &(*vector)->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes an SpAIBinder object inside a std::vector<SpAIBinder> at index 'index'
+ * to 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <>
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeStdVectorParcelableElement<SpAIBinder>(AParcel* parcel,
+                                                                           const void* vectorData,
+                                                                           size_t index) {
+    const std::vector<SpAIBinder>* vector = static_cast<const std::vector<SpAIBinder>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_writeRequiredStrongBinder(parcel, vector->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads an SpAIBinder object inside a std::vector<SpAIBinder> at index 'index'
+ * from 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <>
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_readStdVectorParcelableElement<SpAIBinder>(const AParcel* parcel,
+                                                                          void* vectorData,
+                                                                          size_t index) {
+    std::vector<SpAIBinder>* vector = static_cast<std::vector<SpAIBinder>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_readRequiredStrongBinder(parcel, &vector->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes an SpAIBinder object inside a std::optional<std::vector<SpAIBinder>> at index 'index'
+ * to 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <>
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeNullableStdVectorParcelableElement<SpAIBinder>(
+        AParcel* parcel, const void* vectorData, size_t index) {
+    const std::optional<std::vector<SpAIBinder>>* vector =
+            static_cast<const std::optional<std::vector<SpAIBinder>>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_writeNullableStrongBinder(parcel, (*vector)->at(index));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads an SpAIBinder object inside a std::optional<std::vector<SpAIBinder>> at index 'index'
+ * from 'parcel'.
+ */
+template <>
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_readNullableStdVectorParcelableElement<SpAIBinder>(
+        const AParcel* parcel, void* vectorData, size_t index) {
+    std::optional<std::vector<SpAIBinder>>* vector =
+            static_cast<std::optional<std::vector<SpAIBinder>>*>(vectorData);
+    return AParcel_readNullableStrongBinder(parcel, &(*vector)->at(index));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -598,6 +680,30 @@
                                        AParcel_readStdVectorParcelableElement<P>);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convenience API for writing a std::optional<std::vector<P>>
+ */
+template <typename P>
+static inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeVector(AParcel* parcel,
+                                                  const std::optional<std::vector<P>>& vec) {
+    if (!vec) return AParcel_writeInt32(parcel, -1);
+    const void* vectorData = static_cast<const void*>(&vec);
+    return AParcel_writeParcelableArray(parcel, vectorData, static_cast<int32_t>(vec->size()),
+                                        AParcel_writeNullableStdVectorParcelableElement<P>);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convenience API for reading a std::optional<std::vector<P>>
+ */
+template <typename P>
+static inline binder_status_t AParcel_readVector(const AParcel* parcel,
+                                                 std::optional<std::vector<P>>* vec) {
+    void* vectorData = static_cast<void*>(vec);
+    return AParcel_readParcelableArray(parcel, vectorData,
+                                       AParcel_nullableStdVectorExternalAllocator<P>,
+                                       AParcel_readNullableStdVectorParcelableElement<P>);
+}
+
 // @START
 /**
  * Writes a vector of int32_t to the next location in a non-null parcel.
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_ibinder_platform.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_ibinder_platform.h
index e315c79..b0217c4 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_ibinder_platform.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_ibinder_platform.h
@@ -55,4 +55,17 @@
  */
 __attribute__((weak, warn_unused_result)) const char* AIBinder_getCallingSid() __INTRODUCED_IN(31);
 
+/**
+ * Sets a minimum scheduler policy for all transactions coming into this
+ * AIBinder.
+ *
+ * This must be called before the object is sent to another process.
+ * Aborts on invalid values. Not thread safe.
+ *
+ * \param binder local server binder to set the policy for
+ * \param policy scheduler policy as defined in linux UAPI
+ * \param priority priority. [-20..19] for SCHED_NORMAL, [1..99] for RT
+ */
+void AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(AIBinder* binder, int policy, int priority) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt b/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
index 8605686..64170af 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@
   global:
     AIBinder_Class_disableInterfaceTokenHeader;
     AIBinder_DeathRecipient_setOnUnlinked;
+    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy; # llndk
     AParcel_marshal;
     AParcel_unmarshal;
 };
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp b/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp
index d9d7caf..ecb044e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
     rustlibs: [
         "liblibc",
         "libbinder_ndk_sys",
+        "libdowncast_rs",
     ],
     host_supported: true,
     target: {
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@
     rustlibs: [
         "liblibc",
         "libbinder_ndk_sys",
+        "libdowncast_rs",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
index 41ceee5..cc5dd06 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@
 //! Trait definitions for binder objects
 
 use crate::error::{status_t, Result, StatusCode};
-use crate::parcel::Parcel;
+use crate::parcel::{OwnedParcel, Parcel};
 use crate::proxy::{DeathRecipient, SpIBinder, WpIBinder};
 use crate::sys;
 
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::ffi::{c_void, CStr, CString};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::File;
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@
 /// An interface can promise to be a stable vendor interface ([`Vintf`]), or
 /// makes no stability guarantees ([`Local`]). [`Local`] is
 /// currently the default stability.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum Stability {
     /// Default stability, visible to other modules in the same compilation
     /// context (e.g. modules on system.img)
@@ -85,6 +87,28 @@
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Stability> for i32 {
+    fn from(stability: Stability) -> i32 {
+        use Stability::*;
+        match stability {
+            Local => 0,
+            Vintf => 1,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<i32> for Stability {
+    type Error = StatusCode;
+    fn try_from(stability: i32) -> Result<Stability> {
+        use Stability::*;
+        match stability {
+            0 => Ok(Local),
+            1 => Ok(Vintf),
+            _ => Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A local service that can be remotable via Binder.
 ///
 /// An object that implement this interface made be made into a Binder service
@@ -153,25 +177,25 @@
     fn get_extension(&mut self) -> Result<Option<SpIBinder>>;
 
     /// Create a Parcel that can be used with `submit_transact`.
-    fn prepare_transact(&self) -> Result<Parcel>;
+    fn prepare_transact(&self) -> Result<OwnedParcel>;
 
     /// Perform a generic operation with the object.
     ///
-    /// The provided [`Parcel`] must have been created by a call to
+    /// The provided [`OwnedParcel`] must have been created by a call to
     /// `prepare_transact` on the same binder.
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
     /// * `code` - Transaction code for the operation.
-    /// * `data` - [`Parcel`] with input data.
+    /// * `data` - [`OwnedParcel`] with input data.
     /// * `flags` - Transaction flags, e.g. marking the transaction as
     ///   asynchronous ([`FLAG_ONEWAY`](FLAG_ONEWAY)).
     fn submit_transact(
         &self,
         code: TransactionCode,
-        data: Parcel,
+        data: OwnedParcel,
         flags: TransactionFlags,
-    ) -> Result<Parcel>;
+    ) -> Result<OwnedParcel>;
 
     /// Perform a generic operation with the object. This is a convenience
     /// method that internally calls `prepare_transact` followed by
@@ -189,8 +213,8 @@
         input_callback: F,
     ) -> Result<Parcel> {
         let mut parcel = self.prepare_transact()?;
-        input_callback(&mut parcel)?;
-        self.submit_transact(code, parcel, flags)
+        input_callback(&mut parcel.borrowed())?;
+        self.submit_transact(code, parcel, flags).map(OwnedParcel::into_parcel)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs
index 7e8e3a5..81b620e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 };
 pub use error::{status_t, ExceptionCode, Result, Status, StatusCode};
 pub use native::{add_service, force_lazy_services_persist, register_lazy_service, Binder};
-pub use parcel::Parcel;
+pub use parcel::{OwnedParcel, Parcel};
 pub use proxy::{get_interface, get_service, wait_for_interface, wait_for_service};
 pub use proxy::{AssociateClass, DeathRecipient, Proxy, SpIBinder, WpIBinder};
 pub use state::{ProcessState, ThreadState};
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 
 /// The public API usable outside AIDL-generated interface crates.
 pub mod public_api {
-    pub use super::parcel::ParcelFileDescriptor;
+    pub use super::parcel::{ParcelFileDescriptor, ParcelableHolder};
     pub use super::{
         add_service, force_lazy_services_persist, get_interface, register_lazy_service,
         wait_for_interface,
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs
index dad89ec..9dba950 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs
@@ -23,17 +23,21 @@
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::convert::TryInto;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::fmt;
 
 mod file_descriptor;
 mod parcelable;
+mod parcelable_holder;
 
 pub use self::file_descriptor::ParcelFileDescriptor;
 pub use self::parcelable::{
     Deserialize, DeserializeArray, DeserializeOption, Serialize, SerializeArray, SerializeOption,
+    Parcelable, NON_NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG, NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG,
 };
+pub use self::parcelable_holder::{ParcelableHolder, ParcelableMetadata};
 
 /// Container for a message (data and object references) that can be sent
 /// through Binder.
@@ -49,6 +53,106 @@
     Borrowed(*mut sys::AParcel),
 }
 
+/// A variant of Parcel that is known to be owned.
+pub struct OwnedParcel {
+    ptr: *mut sys::AParcel,
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This type guarantees that it owns the AParcel and that all access to
+/// the AParcel happens through the OwnedParcel, so it is ok to send across
+/// threads.
+unsafe impl Send for OwnedParcel {}
+
+/// A variant of Parcel that is known to be borrowed.
+pub struct BorrowedParcel<'a> {
+    inner: Parcel,
+    _lifetime: PhantomData<&'a mut Parcel>,
+}
+
+impl OwnedParcel {
+    /// Create a new empty `OwnedParcel`.
+    pub fn new() -> OwnedParcel {
+        let ptr = unsafe {
+            // Safety: If `AParcel_create` succeeds, it always returns
+            // a valid pointer. If it fails, the process will crash.
+            sys::AParcel_create()
+        };
+        assert!(!ptr.is_null());
+        Self { ptr }
+    }
+
+    /// Create an owned reference to a parcel object from a raw pointer.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// This constructor is safe if the raw pointer parameter is either null
+    /// (resulting in `None`), or a valid pointer to an `AParcel` object. The
+    /// parcel object must be owned by the caller prior to this call, as this
+    /// constructor takes ownership of the parcel and will destroy it on drop.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally, the caller must guarantee that it is valid to take
+    /// ownership of the AParcel object. All future access to the AParcel
+    /// must happen through this `OwnedParcel`.
+    ///
+    /// Because `OwnedParcel` implements `Send`, the pointer must never point
+    /// to any thread-local data, e.g., a variable on the stack, either directly
+    /// or indirectly.
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *mut sys::AParcel) -> Option<OwnedParcel> {
+        ptr.as_mut().map(|ptr| Self { ptr })
+    }
+
+    /// Consume the parcel, transferring ownership to the caller.
+    pub(crate) fn into_raw(self) -> *mut sys::AParcel {
+        let ptr = self.ptr;
+        let _ = ManuallyDrop::new(self);
+        ptr
+    }
+
+    /// Convert this `OwnedParcel` into an owned `Parcel`.
+    pub fn into_parcel(self) -> Parcel {
+        Parcel::Owned(self.into_raw())
+    }
+
+    /// Get a borrowed view into the contents of this `Parcel`.
+    pub fn borrowed(&mut self) -> BorrowedParcel<'_> {
+        BorrowedParcel {
+            inner: Parcel::Borrowed(self.ptr),
+            _lifetime: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for OwnedParcel {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for OwnedParcel {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        let mut new_parcel = Self::new();
+        new_parcel
+            .borrowed()
+            .append_all_from(&Parcel::Borrowed(self.ptr))
+            .expect("Failed to append from Parcel");
+        new_parcel
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for BorrowedParcel<'a> {
+    type Target = Parcel;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Parcel {
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for BorrowedParcel<'a> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Parcel {
+        &mut self.inner
+    }
+}
+
 /// # Safety
 ///
 /// The `Parcel` constructors guarantee that a `Parcel` object will always
@@ -68,6 +172,21 @@
 }
 
 impl Parcel {
+    /// Create a new empty `Parcel`.
+    ///
+    /// Creates a new owned empty parcel that can be written to
+    /// using the serialization methods and appended to and
+    /// from using `append_from` and `append_from_all`.
+    pub fn new() -> Parcel {
+        let parcel = unsafe {
+            // Safety: If `AParcel_create` succeeds, it always returns
+            // a valid pointer. If it fails, the process will crash.
+            sys::AParcel_create()
+        };
+        assert!(!parcel.is_null());
+        Self::Owned(parcel)
+    }
+
     /// Create a borrowed reference to a parcel object from a raw pointer.
     ///
     /// # Safety
@@ -77,32 +196,21 @@
     pub(crate) unsafe fn borrowed(ptr: *mut sys::AParcel) -> Option<Parcel> {
         ptr.as_mut().map(|ptr| Self::Borrowed(ptr))
     }
+}
 
-    /// Create an owned reference to a parcel object from a raw pointer.
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This constructor is safe if the raw pointer parameter is either null
-    /// (resulting in `None`), or a valid pointer to an `AParcel` object. The
-    /// parcel object must be owned by the caller prior to this call, as this
-    /// constructor takes ownership of the parcel and will destroy it on drop.
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn owned(ptr: *mut sys::AParcel) -> Option<Parcel> {
-        ptr.as_mut().map(|ptr| Self::Owned(ptr))
+impl Default for Parcel {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
     }
+}
 
-    /// Consume the parcel, transferring ownership to the caller if the parcel
-    /// was owned.
-    pub(crate) fn into_raw(mut self) -> *mut sys::AParcel {
-        let ptr = self.as_native_mut();
-        let _ = ManuallyDrop::new(self);
-        ptr
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn is_owned(&self) -> bool {
-        match *self {
-            Self::Owned(_) => true,
-            Self::Borrowed(_) => false,
-        }
+impl Clone for Parcel {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        let mut new_parcel = Self::new();
+        new_parcel
+            .append_all_from(self)
+            .expect("Failed to append from Parcel");
+        new_parcel
     }
 }
 
@@ -213,6 +321,30 @@
     pub unsafe fn set_data_position(&self, pos: i32) -> Result<()> {
         status_result(sys::AParcel_setDataPosition(self.as_native(), pos))
     }
+
+    /// Append a subset of another `Parcel`.
+    ///
+    /// This appends `size` bytes of data from `other` starting at offset
+    /// `start` to the current `Parcel`, or returns an error if not possible.
+    pub fn append_from(&mut self, other: &Self, start: i32, size: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        let status = unsafe {
+            // Safety: `Parcel::appendFrom` from C++ checks that `start`
+            // and `size` are in bounds, and returns an error otherwise.
+            // Both `self` and `other` always contain valid pointers.
+            sys::AParcel_appendFrom(
+                other.as_native(),
+                self.as_native_mut(),
+                start,
+                size,
+            )
+        };
+        status_result(status)
+    }
+
+    /// Append the contents of another `Parcel`.
+    pub fn append_all_from(&mut self, other: &Self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.append_from(other, 0, other.get_data_size())
+    }
 }
 
 /// A segment of a writable parcel, used for [`Parcel::sized_write`].
@@ -420,6 +552,18 @@
     }
 }
 
+impl Drop for OwnedParcel {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Run the C++ Parcel complete object destructor
+        unsafe {
+            // Safety: `OwnedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+            // `AParcel`. Since we own the parcel, we can safely delete it
+            // here.
+            sys::AParcel_delete(self.ptr)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl fmt::Debug for Parcel {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("Parcel")
@@ -427,43 +571,16 @@
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-impl Parcel {
-    /// Create a new parcel tied to a bogus binder. TESTING ONLY!
-    ///
-    /// This can only be used for testing! All real parcel operations must be
-    /// done in the callback to [`IBinder::transact`] or in
-    /// [`Remotable::on_transact`] using the parcels provided to these methods.
-    pub(crate) fn new_for_test(binder: &mut SpIBinder) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut input = ptr::null_mut();
-        let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `binder` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. We pass a valid, mutable out
-            // pointer to receive a newly constructed parcel. When successful
-            // this function assigns a new pointer to an `AParcel` to `input`
-            // and transfers ownership of this pointer to the caller. Thus,
-            // after this call, `input` will either be null or point to a valid,
-            // owned `AParcel`.
-            sys::AIBinder_prepareTransaction(binder.as_native_mut(), &mut input)
-        };
-        status_result(status)?;
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `input` is either null or a valid, owned pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`, so is valid to safe to
-            // `Parcel::owned`. `Parcel::owned` takes ownership of the parcel
-            // pointer.
-            Parcel::owned(input).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
-        }
+impl fmt::Debug for OwnedParcel {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("OwnedParcel")
+            .finish()
     }
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_read_write() {
-    use crate::binder::Interface;
-    use crate::native::Binder;
-
-    let mut service = Binder::new(()).as_binder();
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<bool>(), Err(StatusCode::NOT_ENOUGH_DATA));
@@ -493,11 +610,7 @@
 #[test]
 #[allow(clippy::float_cmp)]
 fn test_read_data() {
-    use crate::binder::Interface;
-    use crate::native::Binder;
-
-    let mut service = Binder::new(()).as_binder();
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let str_start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     parcel.write(&b"Hello, Binder!\0"[..]).unwrap();
@@ -572,11 +685,7 @@
 
 #[test]
 fn test_utf8_utf16_conversions() {
-    use crate::binder::Interface;
-    use crate::native::Binder;
-
-    let mut service = Binder::new(()).as_binder();
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     assert!(parcel.write("Hello, Binder!").is_ok());
@@ -636,11 +745,7 @@
 
 #[test]
 fn test_sized_write() {
-    use crate::binder::Interface;
-    use crate::native::Binder;
-
-    let mut service = Binder::new(()).as_binder();
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     let arr = [1i32, 2i32, 3i32];
@@ -668,3 +773,43 @@
         &arr,
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_append_from() {
+    let mut parcel1 = Parcel::new();
+    parcel1.write(&42i32).expect("Could not perform write");
+
+    let mut parcel2 = Parcel::new();
+    assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_all_from(&parcel1));
+    assert_eq!(4, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_all_from(&parcel1));
+    assert_eq!(8, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    unsafe {
+        parcel2.set_data_position(0).unwrap();
+    }
+    assert_eq!(Ok(42), parcel2.read::<i32>());
+    assert_eq!(Ok(42), parcel2.read::<i32>());
+
+    let mut parcel2 = Parcel::new();
+    assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 0, 2));
+    assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 2, 2));
+    assert_eq!(4, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    unsafe {
+        parcel2.set_data_position(0).unwrap();
+    }
+    assert_eq!(Ok(42), parcel2.read::<i32>());
+
+    let mut parcel2 = Parcel::new();
+    assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 0, 2));
+    assert_eq!(2, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    unsafe {
+        parcel2.set_data_position(0).unwrap();
+    }
+    assert_eq!(Err(StatusCode::NOT_ENOUGH_DATA), parcel2.read::<i32>());
+
+    let mut parcel2 = Parcel::new();
+    assert_eq!(Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 4, 2));
+    assert_eq!(Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 2, 4));
+    assert_eq!(Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, -1, 4));
+    assert_eq!(Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 2, -1));
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs
index f71a686..8bcc5d0 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs
@@ -94,8 +94,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-impl SerializeArray for Option<ParcelFileDescriptor> {}
-
 impl DeserializeOption for ParcelFileDescriptor {
     fn deserialize_option(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
         let mut fd = -1i32;
@@ -126,8 +124,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-impl DeserializeArray for Option<ParcelFileDescriptor> {}
-
 impl Deserialize for ParcelFileDescriptor {
     fn deserialize(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Self> {
         Deserialize::deserialize(parcel)
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
index 56c6165..ec00e1d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
@@ -14,19 +14,42 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-use crate::binder::{AsNative, FromIBinder, Strong};
+use crate::binder::{AsNative, FromIBinder, Stability, Strong};
 use crate::error::{status_result, status_t, Result, Status, StatusCode};
 use crate::parcel::Parcel;
 use crate::proxy::SpIBinder;
 use crate::sys;
 
-use std::convert::TryInto;
+use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_ulong};
 use std::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
 use std::ptr;
 use std::slice;
 
+/// Super-trait for Binder parcelables.
+///
+/// This trait is equivalent `android::Parcelable` in C++,
+/// and defines a common interface that all parcelables need
+/// to implement.
+pub trait Parcelable {
+    /// Internal serialization function for parcelables.
+    ///
+    /// This method is mainly for internal use.
+    /// `Serialize::serialize` and its variants are generally
+    /// preferred over this function, since the former also
+    /// prepend a header.
+    fn write_to_parcel(&self, parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Internal deserialization function for parcelables.
+    ///
+    /// This method is mainly for internal use.
+    /// `Deserialize::deserialize` and its variants are generally
+    /// preferred over this function, since the former also
+    /// parse the additional header.
+    fn read_from_parcel(&mut self, parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
 /// A struct whose instances can be written to a [`Parcel`].
 // Might be able to hook this up as a serde backend in the future?
 pub trait Serialize {
@@ -162,6 +185,18 @@
     StatusCode::OK as status_t
 }
 
+/// Flag that specifies that the following parcelable is present.
+///
+/// This is the Rust equivalent of `Parcel::kNonNullParcelableFlag`
+/// from `include/binder/Parcel.h` in C++.
+pub const NON_NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG: i32 = 1;
+
+/// Flag that specifies that the following parcelable is absent.
+///
+/// This is the Rust equivalent of `Parcel::kNullParcelableFlag`
+/// from `include/binder/Parcel.h` in C++.
+pub const NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG: i32 = 0;
+
 /// Helper trait for types that can be nullable when serialized.
 // We really need this trait instead of implementing `Serialize for Option<T>`
 // because of the Rust orphan rule which prevents us from doing
@@ -173,10 +208,10 @@
     /// Serialize an Option of this type into the given [`Parcel`].
     fn serialize_option(this: Option<&Self>, parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
         if let Some(inner) = this {
-            parcel.write(&1i32)?;
+            parcel.write(&NON_NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG)?;
             parcel.write(inner)
         } else {
-            parcel.write(&0i32)
+            parcel.write(&NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -186,7 +221,7 @@
     /// Deserialize an Option of this type from the given [`Parcel`].
     fn deserialize_option(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
         let null: i32 = parcel.read()?;
-        if null == 0 {
+        if null == NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG {
             Ok(None)
         } else {
             parcel.read().map(Some)
@@ -348,6 +383,9 @@
     };
 }
 
+impl<T: DeserializeOption> DeserializeArray for Option<T> {}
+impl<T: SerializeOption> SerializeArray for Option<T> {}
+
 parcelable_primitives! {
     impl Serialize for bool = sys::AParcel_writeBool;
     impl Deserialize for bool = sys::AParcel_readBool;
@@ -502,8 +540,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-impl SerializeArray for Option<&str> {}
-
 impl Serialize for str {
     fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
         Some(self).serialize(parcel)
@@ -526,8 +562,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-impl SerializeArray for Option<String> {}
-
 impl Deserialize for Option<String> {
     fn deserialize(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut vec: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
@@ -608,6 +642,18 @@
     }
 }
 
+impl Serialize for Stability {
+    fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
+        i32::from(*self).serialize(parcel)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deserialize for Stability {
+    fn deserialize(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Self> {
+        i32::deserialize(parcel).and_then(Stability::try_from)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Serialize for Status {
     fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
         unsafe {
@@ -699,19 +745,53 @@
     }
 }
 
+/// Implement `Serialize` trait and friends for a parcelable
+///
+/// This is an internal macro used by the AIDL compiler to implement
+/// `Serialize`, `SerializeArray` and `SerializeOption` for
+/// structured parcelables. The target type must implement the
+/// `Parcelable` trait.
+/// ```
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! impl_serialize_for_parcelable {
+    ($parcelable:ident) => {
+        impl $crate::parcel::Serialize for $parcelable {
+            fn serialize(
+                &self,
+                parcel: &mut $crate::parcel::Parcel,
+            ) -> $crate::Result<()> {
+                <Self as $crate::parcel::SerializeOption>::serialize_option(
+                    Some(self),
+                    parcel,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl $crate::parcel::SerializeArray for $parcelable {}
+
+        impl $crate::parcel::SerializeOption for $parcelable {
+            fn serialize_option(
+                this: Option<&Self>,
+                parcel: &mut $crate::parcel::Parcel,
+            ) -> $crate::Result<()> {
+                if let Some(this) = this {
+                    use $crate::parcel::Parcelable;
+                    parcel.write(&$crate::parcel::NON_NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG)?;
+                    this.write_to_parcel(parcel)
+                } else {
+                    parcel.write(&$crate::parcel::NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Implement `Deserialize` trait and friends for a parcelable
 ///
 /// This is an internal macro used by the AIDL compiler to implement
 /// `Deserialize`, `DeserializeArray` and `DeserializeOption` for
-/// structured parcelables. The target type must implement a
-/// `deserialize_parcelable` method with the following signature:
-/// ```no_run
-/// fn deserialize_parcelable(
-///     &mut self,
-///     parcel: &binder::parcel::Parcelable,
-/// ) -> binder::Result<()> {
-///     // ...
-/// }
+/// structured parcelables. The target type must implement the
+/// `Parcelable` trait.
 /// ```
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_deserialize_for_parcelable {
@@ -729,10 +809,11 @@
                 parcel: &$crate::parcel::Parcel,
             ) -> $crate::Result<()> {
                 let status: i32 = parcel.read()?;
-                if status == 0 {
+                if status == $crate::parcel::NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG {
                     Err($crate::StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
                 } else {
-                    self.deserialize_parcelable(parcel)
+                    use $crate::parcel::Parcelable;
+                    self.read_from_parcel(parcel)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -752,12 +833,13 @@
                 parcel: &$crate::parcel::Parcel,
             ) -> $crate::Result<()> {
                 let status: i32 = parcel.read()?;
-                if status == 0 {
+                if status == $crate::parcel::NULL_PARCELABLE_FLAG {
                     *this = None;
                     Ok(())
                 } else {
+                    use $crate::parcel::Parcelable;
                     this.get_or_insert_with(Self::default)
-                        .deserialize_parcelable(parcel)
+                        .read_from_parcel(parcel)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -790,10 +872,6 @@
 
 #[test]
 fn test_custom_parcelable() {
-    use crate::binder::Interface;
-    use crate::native::Binder;
-    let mut service = Binder::new(()).as_binder();
-
     struct Custom(u32, bool, String, Vec<String>);
 
     impl Serialize for Custom {
@@ -826,7 +904,7 @@
 
     let custom = Custom(123_456_789, true, string8, strs);
 
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     assert!(custom.serialize(&mut parcel).is_ok());
@@ -846,13 +924,9 @@
 #[test]
 #[allow(clippy::excessive_precision)]
 fn test_slice_parcelables() {
-    use crate::binder::Interface;
-    use crate::native::Binder;
-    let mut service = Binder::new(()).as_binder();
-
     let bools = [true, false, false, true];
 
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     assert!(bools.serialize(&mut parcel).is_ok());
@@ -876,7 +950,7 @@
 
     let u8s = [101u8, 255, 42, 117];
 
-    let mut parcel = Parcel::new_for_test(&mut service).unwrap();
+    let mut parcel = Parcel::new();
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     assert!(parcel.write(&u8s[..]).is_ok());
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e75d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use crate::binder::Stability;
+use crate::error::{Result, StatusCode};
+use crate::parcel::{Parcel, Parcelable};
+use crate::{impl_deserialize_for_parcelable, impl_serialize_for_parcelable};
+
+use downcast_rs::{impl_downcast, Downcast};
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+/// Metadata that `ParcelableHolder` needs for all parcelables.
+///
+/// The compiler auto-generates implementations of this trait
+/// for AIDL parcelables.
+pub trait ParcelableMetadata {
+    /// The Binder parcelable descriptor string.
+    ///
+    /// This string is a unique identifier for a Binder parcelable.
+    fn get_descriptor() -> &'static str;
+
+    /// The Binder parcelable stability.
+    fn get_stability(&self) -> Stability {
+        Stability::Local
+    }
+}
+
+trait AnyParcelable: Downcast + Parcelable + std::fmt::Debug {}
+impl_downcast!(AnyParcelable);
+impl<T> AnyParcelable for T where T: Downcast + Parcelable + std::fmt::Debug {}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+enum ParcelableHolderData {
+    Empty,
+    Parcelable {
+        parcelable: Rc<dyn AnyParcelable>,
+        name: String,
+    },
+    Parcel(Parcel),
+}
+
+impl Default for ParcelableHolderData {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        ParcelableHolderData::Empty
+    }
+}
+
+/// A container that can hold any arbitrary `Parcelable`.
+///
+/// This type is currently used for AIDL parcelable fields.
+///
+/// `ParcelableHolder` is currently not thread-safe (neither
+/// `Send` nor `Sync`), mainly because it internally contains
+/// a `Parcel` which in turn is not thread-safe.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct ParcelableHolder {
+    // This is a `RefCell` because of `get_parcelable`
+    // which takes `&self` for consistency with C++.
+    // We could make `get_parcelable` take a `&mut self`
+    // and get rid of the `RefCell` here for a performance
+    // improvement, but then callers would require a mutable
+    // `ParcelableHolder` even for that getter method.
+    data: RefCell<ParcelableHolderData>,
+    stability: Stability,
+}
+
+impl ParcelableHolder {
+    /// Construct a new `ParcelableHolder` with the given stability.
+    pub fn new(stability: Stability) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            data: RefCell::new(ParcelableHolderData::Empty),
+            stability,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reset the contents of this `ParcelableHolder`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this method does not reset the stability,
+    /// only the contents.
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        *self.data.get_mut() = ParcelableHolderData::Empty;
+        // We could also clear stability here, but C++ doesn't
+    }
+
+    /// Set the parcelable contained in this `ParcelableHolder`.
+    pub fn set_parcelable<T>(&mut self, p: Rc<T>) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: Any + Parcelable + ParcelableMetadata + std::fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        if self.stability > p.get_stability() {
+            return Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE);
+        }
+
+        *self.data.get_mut() = ParcelableHolderData::Parcelable {
+            parcelable: p,
+            name: T::get_descriptor().into(),
+        };
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the parcelable stored in this `ParcelableHolder`.
+    ///
+    /// This method attempts to retrieve the parcelable inside
+    /// the current object as a parcelable of type `T`.
+    /// The object is validated against `T` by checking that
+    /// its parcelable descriptor matches the one returned
+    /// by `T::get_descriptor()`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns one of the following:
+    /// * `Err(_)` in case of error
+    /// * `Ok(None)` if the holder is empty or the descriptor does not match
+    /// * `Ok(Some(_))` if the object holds a parcelable of type `T`
+    ///   with the correct descriptor
+    pub fn get_parcelable<T>(&self) -> Result<Option<Rc<T>>>
+    where
+        T: Any + Parcelable + ParcelableMetadata + Default + std::fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        let parcelable_desc = T::get_descriptor();
+        let mut data = self.data.borrow_mut();
+        match *data {
+            ParcelableHolderData::Empty => Ok(None),
+            ParcelableHolderData::Parcelable {
+                ref parcelable,
+                ref name,
+            } => {
+                if name != parcelable_desc {
+                    return Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE);
+                }
+
+                match Rc::clone(parcelable).downcast_rc::<T>() {
+                    Err(_) => Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE),
+                    Ok(x) => Ok(Some(x)),
+                }
+            }
+            ParcelableHolderData::Parcel(ref parcel) => {
+                unsafe {
+                    // Safety: 0 should always be a valid position.
+                    parcel.set_data_position(0)?;
+                }
+
+                let name: String = parcel.read()?;
+                if name != parcelable_desc {
+                    return Ok(None);
+                }
+
+                let mut parcelable = T::default();
+                parcelable.read_from_parcel(parcel)?;
+
+                let parcelable = Rc::new(parcelable);
+                let result = Rc::clone(&parcelable);
+                *data = ParcelableHolderData::Parcelable { parcelable, name };
+
+                Ok(Some(result))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the stability value of this object.
+    pub fn get_stability(&self) -> Stability {
+        self.stability
+    }
+}
+
+impl_serialize_for_parcelable!(ParcelableHolder);
+impl_deserialize_for_parcelable!(ParcelableHolder);
+
+impl Parcelable for ParcelableHolder {
+    fn write_to_parcel(&self, parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
+        parcel.write(&self.stability)?;
+
+        match *self.data.borrow() {
+            ParcelableHolderData::Empty => parcel.write(&0i32),
+            ParcelableHolderData::Parcelable {
+                ref parcelable,
+                ref name,
+            } => {
+                let length_start = parcel.get_data_position();
+                parcel.write(&0i32)?;
+
+                let data_start = parcel.get_data_position();
+                parcel.write(name)?;
+                parcelable.write_to_parcel(parcel)?;
+
+                let end = parcel.get_data_position();
+                unsafe {
+                    // Safety: we got the position from `get_data_position`.
+                    parcel.set_data_position(length_start)?;
+                }
+
+                assert!(end >= data_start);
+                parcel.write(&(end - data_start))?;
+                unsafe {
+                    // Safety: we got the position from `get_data_position`.
+                    parcel.set_data_position(end)?;
+                }
+
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            ParcelableHolderData::Parcel(ref p) => {
+                parcel.write(&p.get_data_size())?;
+                parcel.append_all_from(p)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_from_parcel(&mut self, parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<()> {
+        self.stability = parcel.read()?;
+
+        let data_size: i32 = parcel.read()?;
+        if data_size < 0 {
+            // C++ returns BAD_VALUE here,
+            // while Java returns ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT
+            return Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE);
+        }
+        if data_size == 0 {
+            *self.data.get_mut() = ParcelableHolderData::Empty;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // TODO: C++ ParcelableHolder accepts sizes up to SIZE_MAX here, but we
+        // only go up to i32::MAX because that's what our API uses everywhere
+        let data_start = parcel.get_data_position();
+        let data_end = data_start
+            .checked_add(data_size)
+            .ok_or(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE)?;
+
+        let mut new_parcel = Parcel::new();
+        new_parcel.append_from(parcel, data_start, data_size)?;
+        *self.data.get_mut() = ParcelableHolderData::Parcel(new_parcel);
+
+        unsafe {
+            // Safety: `append_from` checks if `data_size` overflows
+            // `parcel` and returns `BAD_VALUE` if that happens. We also
+            // explicitly check for negative and zero `data_size` above,
+            // so `data_end` is guaranteed to be greater than `data_start`.
+            parcel.set_data_position(data_end)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
index 68fa34b..a8d0c33 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 };
 use crate::error::{status_result, Result, StatusCode};
 use crate::parcel::{
-    Deserialize, DeserializeArray, DeserializeOption, Parcel, Serialize, SerializeArray,
+    Deserialize, DeserializeArray, DeserializeOption, OwnedParcel, Parcel, Serialize, SerializeArray,
     SerializeOption,
 };
 use crate::sys;
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
 }
 
 impl<T: AsNative<sys::AIBinder>> IBinderInternal for T {
-    fn prepare_transact(&self) -> Result<Parcel> {
+    fn prepare_transact(&self) -> Result<OwnedParcel> {
         let mut input = ptr::null_mut();
         let status = unsafe {
             // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
@@ -253,20 +253,19 @@
 
         unsafe {
             // Safety: At this point, `input` is either a valid, owned `AParcel`
-            // pointer, or null. `Parcel::owned` safely handles both cases,
+            // pointer, or null. `OwnedParcel::from_raw` safely handles both cases,
             // taking ownership of the parcel.
-            Parcel::owned(input).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
+            OwnedParcel::from_raw(input).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
         }
     }
 
     fn submit_transact(
         &self,
         code: TransactionCode,
-        data: Parcel,
+        data: OwnedParcel,
         flags: TransactionFlags,
-    ) -> Result<Parcel> {
+    ) -> Result<OwnedParcel> {
         let mut reply = ptr::null_mut();
-        assert!(data.is_owned());
         let status = unsafe {
             // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
             // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. Although `IBinder::transact` is
@@ -299,9 +298,8 @@
             // after the call to `AIBinder_transact` above, so we can
             // construct a `Parcel` out of it. `AIBinder_transact` passes
             // ownership of the `reply` parcel to Rust, so we need to
-            // construct an owned variant. `Parcel::owned` takes ownership
-            // of the parcel pointer.
-            Parcel::owned(reply).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
+            // construct an owned variant.
+            OwnedParcel::from_raw(reply).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
         }
     }
 
@@ -429,7 +427,6 @@
 }
 
 impl SerializeArray for SpIBinder {}
-impl SerializeArray for Option<&SpIBinder> {}
 
 impl Deserialize for SpIBinder {
     fn deserialize(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<SpIBinder> {
@@ -447,7 +444,6 @@
 }
 
 impl DeserializeArray for SpIBinder {}
-impl DeserializeArray for Option<SpIBinder> {}
 
 /// A weak reference to a Binder remote object.
 ///
diff --git a/libs/binder/servicedispatcher.cpp b/libs/binder/servicedispatcher.cpp
index 23e34aa..777f3c9 100644
--- a/libs/binder/servicedispatcher.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/servicedispatcher.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot create RpcServer";
         return EX_SOFTWARE;
     }
-    rpcServer->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     unsigned int port;
     if (status_t status = rpcServer->setupInetServer(kLocalInetAddress, 0, &port); status != OK) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "setupInetServer failed: " << statusToString(status);
@@ -207,7 +206,6 @@
     service = ServiceManagerProxyToNative::asBinder(interface);
 
     auto rpcServer = RpcServer::make();
-    rpcServer->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     rpcServer->setRootObject(service);
     unsigned int port;
     if (status_t status = rpcServer->setupInetServer(kLocalInetAddress, 0, &port); status != OK) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl b/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl
index 9e10788..fdd02a4 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
     oneway void sendString(@utf8InCpp String str);
     @utf8InCpp String doubleString(@utf8InCpp String str);
 
+    // get the port that a client used to connect to this object
+    int getClientPort();
+
     // number of known RPC binders to process, RpcState::countBinders by session
     int[] countBinders();
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp
index eec3b44..464da60 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@
 
 void initHostRpcServiceManagerOnce() {
     static std::once_flag gSmOnce;
-    std::call_once(gSmOnce, [] { setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager()); });
+    std::call_once(gSmOnce, [] {
+        setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager({.maxOutgoingThreads = 1}));
+    });
 }
 
 // Test for host service manager.
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
index c69203b..c893899 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
@@ -436,6 +436,11 @@
         };
 };
 
+TEST_F(BinderLibTest, CannotUseBinderAfterFork) {
+    // EXPECT_DEATH works by forking the process
+    EXPECT_DEATH({ ProcessState::self(); }, "libbinder ProcessState can not be used after fork");
+}
+
 TEST_F(BinderLibTest, WasParceled) {
     auto binder = sp<BBinder>::make();
     EXPECT_FALSE(binder->wasParceled());
@@ -1189,7 +1194,6 @@
         auto rpcServer = RpcServer::make();
         EXPECT_NE(nullptr, rpcServer);
         if (rpcServer == nullptr) return {};
-        rpcServer->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
         unsigned int port;
         if (status_t status = rpcServer->setupInetServer("127.0.0.1", 0, &port); status != OK) {
             ADD_FAILURE() << "setupInetServer failed" << statusToString(status);
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcBenchmark.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcBenchmark.cpp
index f8718aa..52ba9b0 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcBenchmark.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcBenchmark.cpp
@@ -206,7 +206,6 @@
     if (0 == fork()) {
         prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGHUP); // racey, okay
         server->setRootObject(sp<MyBinderRpcBenchmark>::make());
-        server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
         CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupUnixDomainServer(addr));
         server->join();
         exit(1);
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
index a1058bc..0cbb880 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@
     base::unique_fd sink(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/null", O_RDWR)));
     int sinkFd = sink.get();
     auto server = RpcServer::make(newFactory(GetParam()));
-    server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     ASSERT_FALSE(server->hasServer());
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, server->setupExternalServer(std::move(sink)));
     ASSERT_TRUE(server->hasServer());
@@ -174,6 +173,7 @@
 class MyBinderRpcTest : public BnBinderRpcTest {
 public:
     wp<RpcServer> server;
+    int port = 0;
 
     Status sendString(const std::string& str) override {
         (void)str;
@@ -183,6 +183,10 @@
         *strstr = str + str;
         return Status::ok();
     }
+    Status getClientPort(int* out) override {
+        *out = port;
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
     Status countBinders(std::vector<int32_t>* out) override {
         sp<RpcServer> spServer = server.promote();
         if (spServer == nullptr) {
@@ -481,6 +485,7 @@
         size_t numThreads = 1;
         size_t numSessions = 1;
         size_t numIncomingConnections = 0;
+        size_t numOutgoingConnections = SIZE_MAX;
     };
 
     static inline std::string PrintParamInfo(const testing::TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) {
@@ -537,7 +542,6 @@
                     auto certVerifier = std::make_shared<RpcCertificateVerifierSimple>();
                     sp<RpcServer> server = RpcServer::make(newFactory(rpcSecurity, certVerifier));
 
-                    server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
                     server->setMaxThreads(options.numThreads);
 
                     unsigned int outPort = 0;
@@ -613,7 +617,8 @@
         status_t status;
 
         for (const auto& session : sessions) {
-            session->setMaxThreads(options.numIncomingConnections);
+            session->setMaxIncomingThreads(options.numIncomingConnections);
+            session->setMaxOutgoingThreads(options.numOutgoingConnections);
 
             switch (socketType) {
                 case SocketType::PRECONNECTED:
@@ -641,13 +646,39 @@
 
     BinderRpcTestProcessSession createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(const Options& options) {
         BinderRpcTestProcessSession ret{
-                .proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(options,
-                                                         [&](const sp<RpcServer>& server) {
-                                                             sp<MyBinderRpcTest> service =
-                                                                     new MyBinderRpcTest;
-                                                             server->setRootObject(service);
-                                                             service->server = server;
-                                                         }),
+                .proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(
+                        options,
+                        [&](const sp<RpcServer>& server) {
+                            server->setPerSessionRootObject([&](const sockaddr* addr,
+                                                                socklen_t len) {
+                                sp<MyBinderRpcTest> service = sp<MyBinderRpcTest>::make();
+                                switch (addr->sa_family) {
+                                    case AF_UNIX:
+                                        // nothing to save
+                                        break;
+                                    case AF_VSOCK:
+                                        CHECK_EQ(len, sizeof(sockaddr_vm));
+                                        service->port = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_vm*>(addr)
+                                                                ->svm_port;
+                                        break;
+                                    case AF_INET:
+                                        CHECK_EQ(len, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
+                                        service->port = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in*>(addr)
+                                                                ->sin_port;
+                                        break;
+                                    case AF_INET6:
+                                        CHECK_EQ(len, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
+                                        service->port = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in6*>(addr)
+                                                                ->sin6_port;
+                                        break;
+                                    default:
+                                        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unrecognized address family %d",
+                                                         addr->sa_family);
+                                }
+                                service->server = server;
+                                return service;
+                            });
+                        }),
         };
 
         ret.rootBinder = ret.proc.sessions.at(0).root;
@@ -655,6 +686,9 @@
 
         return ret;
     }
+
+    void testThreadPoolOverSaturated(sp<IBinderRpcTest> iface, size_t numCalls,
+                                     size_t sleepMs = 500);
 };
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, Ping) {
@@ -677,6 +711,27 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(BinderRpc, SeparateRootObject) {
+    SocketType type = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+    if (type == SocketType::PRECONNECTED || type == SocketType::UNIX) {
+        // we can't get port numbers for unix sockets
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({.numSessions = 2});
+
+    int port1 = 0;
+    EXPECT_OK(proc.rootIface->getClientPort(&port1));
+
+    sp<IBinderRpcTest> rootIface2 = interface_cast<IBinderRpcTest>(proc.proc.sessions.at(1).root);
+    int port2;
+    EXPECT_OK(rootIface2->getClientPort(&port2));
+
+    // we should have a different IBinderRpcTest object created for each
+    // session, because we use setPerSessionRootObject
+    EXPECT_NE(port1, port2);
+}
+
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, TransactionsMustBeMarkedRpc) {
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
     Parcel data;
@@ -685,13 +740,21 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, AppendSeparateFormats) {
-    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
+    auto proc1 = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
+    auto proc2 = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
+
+    Parcel pRaw;
 
     Parcel p1;
-    p1.markForBinder(proc.rootBinder);
+    p1.markForBinder(proc1.rootBinder);
     p1.writeInt32(3);
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(BAD_TYPE, p1.appendFrom(&pRaw, 0, p1.dataSize()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(BAD_TYPE, pRaw.appendFrom(&p1, 0, p1.dataSize()));
+
     Parcel p2;
+    p2.markForBinder(proc2.rootBinder);
+    p2.writeInt32(7);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(BAD_TYPE, p1.appendFrom(&p2, 0, p2.dataSize()));
     EXPECT_EQ(BAD_TYPE, p2.appendFrom(&p1, 0, p1.dataSize()));
@@ -996,28 +1059,39 @@
     for (auto& t : ts) t.join();
 }
 
-TEST_P(BinderRpc, ThreadPoolOverSaturated) {
-    constexpr size_t kNumThreads = 10;
-    constexpr size_t kNumCalls = kNumThreads + 3;
-    constexpr size_t kSleepMs = 500;
-
-    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({.numThreads = kNumThreads});
-
+void BinderRpc::testThreadPoolOverSaturated(sp<IBinderRpcTest> iface, size_t numCalls,
+                                            size_t sleepMs) {
     size_t epochMsBefore = epochMillis();
 
     std::vector<std::thread> ts;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumCalls; i++) {
-        ts.push_back(std::thread([&] { proc.rootIface->sleepMs(kSleepMs); }));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numCalls; i++) {
+        ts.push_back(std::thread([&] { iface->sleepMs(sleepMs); }));
     }
 
     for (auto& t : ts) t.join();
 
     size_t epochMsAfter = epochMillis();
 
-    EXPECT_GE(epochMsAfter, epochMsBefore + 2 * kSleepMs);
+    EXPECT_GE(epochMsAfter, epochMsBefore + 2 * sleepMs);
 
     // Potential flake, but make sure calls are handled in parallel.
-    EXPECT_LE(epochMsAfter, epochMsBefore + 3 * kSleepMs);
+    EXPECT_LE(epochMsAfter, epochMsBefore + 3 * sleepMs);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BinderRpc, ThreadPoolOverSaturated) {
+    constexpr size_t kNumThreads = 10;
+    constexpr size_t kNumCalls = kNumThreads + 3;
+    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({.numThreads = kNumThreads});
+    testThreadPoolOverSaturated(proc.rootIface, kNumCalls);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BinderRpc, ThreadPoolLimitOutgoing) {
+    constexpr size_t kNumThreads = 20;
+    constexpr size_t kNumOutgoingConnections = 10;
+    constexpr size_t kNumCalls = kNumOutgoingConnections + 3;
+    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(
+            {.numThreads = kNumThreads, .numOutgoingConnections = kNumOutgoingConnections});
+    testThreadPoolOverSaturated(proc.rootIface, kNumCalls);
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, ThreadingStressTest) {
@@ -1283,11 +1357,20 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(beforeFds, countFds()) << (system("ls -l /proc/self/fd/"), "fd leak?");
 }
 
+TEST_P(BinderRpc, AidlDelegatorTest) {
+    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
+    auto myDelegator = sp<IBinderRpcTestDelegator>::make(proc.rootIface);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, myDelegator);
+
+    std::string doubled;
+    EXPECT_OK(myDelegator->doubleString("cool ", &doubled));
+    EXPECT_EQ("cool cool ", doubled);
+}
+
 static bool testSupportVsockLoopback() {
     // We don't need to enable TLS to know if vsock is supported.
     unsigned int vsockPort = allocateVsockPort();
     sp<RpcServer> server = RpcServer::make(RpcTransportCtxFactoryRaw::make());
-    server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     if (status_t status = server->setupVsockServer(vsockPort); status != OK) {
         if (status == -EAFNOSUPPORT) {
             return false;
@@ -1376,7 +1459,6 @@
 TEST_P(BinderRpcSimple, Shutdown) {
     auto addr = allocateSocketAddress();
     auto server = RpcServer::make(newFactory(GetParam()));
-    server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, server->setupUnixDomainServer(addr.c_str()));
     auto joinEnds = std::make_shared<OneOffSignal>();
 
@@ -1416,7 +1498,6 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, binder->pingBinder());
 
     auto rpcServer = RpcServer::make();
-    rpcServer->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     unsigned int port;
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, rpcServer->setupInetServer(kLocalInetAddress, 0, &port));
     auto socket = rpcServer->releaseServer();
@@ -1455,7 +1536,6 @@
                 std::unique_ptr<RpcAuth> auth = std::make_unique<RpcAuthSelfSigned>()) {
             auto [socketType, rpcSecurity, certificateFormat] = param;
             auto rpcServer = RpcServer::make(newFactory(rpcSecurity));
-            rpcServer->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
             switch (socketType) {
                 case SocketType::PRECONNECTED: {
                     return AssertionFailure() << "Not supported by this test";
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp
index f1fe164..e4f57b0 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp
@@ -284,7 +284,6 @@
         FUZZ_LOG() << "readObject: " << obj;
     },
     PARCEL_READ_NO_STATUS(uid_t, readCallingWorkSourceUid),
-    PARCEL_READ_NO_STATUS(size_t, getBlobAshmemSize),
     PARCEL_READ_NO_STATUS(size_t, getOpenAshmemSize),
 
     // additional parcelable objects defined in libbinder
@@ -301,6 +300,14 @@
         FUZZ_LOG() << "ParcelableHolder status: " << status;
     },
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(android::os::PersistableBundle, readParcelable),
+    [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, uint8_t /* data */) {
+        FUZZ_LOG() << "about to call hasFileDescriptorsInRange() with status";
+        size_t offset = p.readUint32();
+        size_t length = p.readUint32();
+        bool result;
+        status_t status = p.hasFileDescriptorsInRange(offset, length, &result);
+        FUZZ_LOG() << " status: " << status  << " result: " << result;
+    },
 };
 // clang-format on
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder_ndk.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder_ndk.cpp
index 6b783a4..c0a762d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder_ndk.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder_ndk.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,11 @@
         PARCEL_READ(std::vector<std::string>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
         PARCEL_READ(std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
         PARCEL_READ(std::vector<SomeParcelable>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
+        PARCEL_READ(std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<SomeParcelable>>>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
+        PARCEL_READ(std::vector<ndk::SpAIBinder>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
+        PARCEL_READ(std::optional<std::vector<ndk::SpAIBinder>>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
+        PARCEL_READ(std::vector<ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
+        PARCEL_READ(std::optional<std::vector<ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor>>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
         PARCEL_READ(std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
         PARCEL_READ(std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
         PARCEL_READ(std::vector<uint32_t>, ndk::AParcel_readVector),
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/Android.bp
index c0f0a12..71e847f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     fuzz_config: {
         cc: ["smoreland@google.com"],
     },
+    corpus: ["corpus/*"],
     dictionary: "binder_rpc_fuzzer.dict",
 
     srcs: [
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/corpus/special_transaction b/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/corpus/special_transaction
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37228ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/corpus/special_transaction
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/main.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/main.cpp
index 518849a..a8713a2 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/main.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/rpc_fuzzer/main.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@
 
     sp<RpcServer> server = RpcServer::make(makeTransportCtxFactory(&provider));
     server->setRootObject(sp<SomeBinder>::make());
-    server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
     CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupUnixDomainServer(kSock.c_str()));
 
     std::thread serverThread([=] { (void)server->join(); });
@@ -158,6 +157,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    usleep(10000);
+
     if (hangupBeforeShutdown) {
         connections.clear();
         while (!server->listSessions().empty() || server->numUninitializedSessions()) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BpBinderFuzz.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BpBinderFuzz.cpp
index 20c5569..e77c55c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BpBinderFuzz.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BpBinderFuzz.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
     auto thread = std::thread([&]() {
         prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGHUP); // racey, okay
         server->setRootObject(sp<BBinder>::make());
-        server->iUnderstandThisCodeIsExperimentalAndIWillNotUseItInProduction();
         CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupUnixDomainServer(addr.c_str()));
         server->join();
     });
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp b/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp
index e2f072a..61e6657 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp
@@ -1134,6 +1134,18 @@
                           decodeByteVector);
 }
 
+status_t encodeSmpte2094_10(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& smpte2094_10,
+                            hidl_vec<uint8_t>* outSmpte2094_10) {
+    return encodeOptionalMetadata(MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, smpte2094_10, outSmpte2094_10,
+                                  encodeByteVector);
+}
+
+status_t decodeSmpte2094_10(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& smpte2094_10,
+                            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) {
+    return decodeOptionalMetadata(MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, smpte2094_10, outSmpte2094_10,
+                                  decodeByteVector);
+}
+
 status_t encodeUint32(const MetadataType& metadataType, uint32_t input,
                       hidl_vec<uint8_t>* output) {
     return encodeMetadata(metadataType, input, output, encodeInteger);
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h b/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h
index 2f418ac..deaffad 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h
@@ -134,6 +134,12 @@
                                              aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
                                                      StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_40)};
 
+static const android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper::MetadataType
+        MetadataType_Smpte2094_10 = {GRALLOC4_STANDARD_METADATA_TYPE,
+                                     static_cast<int64_t>(
+                                             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
+                                                     StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_10)};
+
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 /**
@@ -327,6 +333,11 @@
 status_t decodeSmpte2094_40(const android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& smpte2094_40,
                             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_40);
 
+status_t encodeSmpte2094_10(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& smpte2094_10,
+                            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>* outSmpte2094_10);
+status_t decodeSmpte2094_10(const android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& smpte2094_10,
+                            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10);
+
 /**
  * The functions below can be used to encode and decode vendor metadata types.
  */
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp b/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp
index 89cbf4a..94e344f 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp
@@ -455,6 +455,32 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testHelperStableAidlTypeOptional(GetParam(), gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_40, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_40));
 }
 
+class Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10
+      : public testing::TestWithParam<std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>> {};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10Params, Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10,
+        ::testing::Values(
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({}),
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}),
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min(),
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 1,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 2,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 3,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 4}),
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max(),
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 1,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 2,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 3,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 4}),
+                std::nullopt));
+
+TEST_P(Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10, Smpte2094_10) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testHelperStableAidlTypeOptional(GetParam(),
+                                                             gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_10,
+                                                             gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10));
+}
+
 class Gralloc4TestBufferDescriptorInfo : public testing::TestWithParam<BufferDescriptorInfo> { };
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
@@ -491,6 +517,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2086({{}}, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeCta861_3({{}}, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_40({{}}, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_10({{}}, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_F(Gralloc4TestErrors, Gralloc4TestDecodeNull) {
@@ -516,6 +543,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2086(vec, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeCta861_3(vec, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_40(vec, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_F(Gralloc4TestErrors, Gralloc4TestDecodeBadVec) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index 36de581..1ae90f3 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@
 namespace android {
 
 // Macros to include adapter info in log messages
+#define BQA_LOGD(x, ...) \
+    ALOGD("[%s](f:%u,a:%u) " x, mName.c_str(), mNumFrameAvailable, mNumAcquired, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define BQA_LOGV(x, ...) \
     ALOGV("[%s](f:%u,a:%u) " x, mName.c_str(), mNumFrameAvailable, mNumAcquired, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 // enable logs for a single layer
@@ -244,6 +246,67 @@
     }
 }
 
+static std::optional<SurfaceControlStats> findMatchingStat(
+        const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats, const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc) {
+    for (auto stat : stats) {
+        if (SurfaceControl::isSameSurface(sc, stat.surfaceControl)) {
+            return stat;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+static void transactionCommittedCallbackThunk(void* context, nsecs_t latchTime,
+                                              const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
+                                              const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) {
+    if (context == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+    sp<BLASTBufferQueue> bq = static_cast<BLASTBufferQueue*>(context);
+    bq->transactionCommittedCallback(latchTime, presentFence, stats);
+}
+
+void BLASTBufferQueue::transactionCommittedCallback(nsecs_t /*latchTime*/,
+                                                    const sp<Fence>& /*presentFence*/,
+                                                    const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
+        ATRACE_CALL();
+        BQA_LOGV("transactionCommittedCallback");
+        if (!mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.empty()) {
+            sp<SurfaceControl> pendingSC = mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.front();
+            std::optional<SurfaceControlStats> stat = findMatchingStat(stats, pendingSC);
+            if (stat) {
+                uint64_t currFrameNumber = stat->frameEventStats.frameNumber;
+
+                // We need to check if we were waiting for a transaction callback in order to
+                // process any pending buffers and unblock. It's possible to get transaction
+                // callbacks for previous requests so we need to ensure the frame from this
+                // transaction callback matches the last acquired buffer. Since acquireNextBuffer
+                // will stop processing buffers when mWaitForTransactionCallback is set, we know
+                // that mLastAcquiredFrameNumber is the frame we're waiting on.
+                // We also want to check if mNextTransaction is null because it's possible another
+                // sync request came in while waiting, but it hasn't started processing yet. In that
+                // case, we don't actually want to flush the frames in between since they will get
+                // processed and merged with the sync transaction and released earlier than if they
+                // were sent to SF
+                if (mWaitForTransactionCallback && mNextTransaction == nullptr &&
+                    currFrameNumber >= mLastAcquiredFrameNumber) {
+                    mWaitForTransactionCallback = false;
+                    flushShadowQueue();
+                }
+            } else {
+                BQA_LOGE("Failed to find matching SurfaceControl in transaction callback");
+            }
+        } else {
+            BQA_LOGE("No matching SurfaceControls found: mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback was "
+                     "empty.");
+        }
+
+        decStrong((void*)transactionCommittedCallbackThunk);
+    }
+}
+
 static void transactionCallbackThunk(void* context, nsecs_t latchTime,
                                      const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
                                      const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) {
@@ -256,9 +319,6 @@
 
 void BLASTBufferQueue::transactionCallback(nsecs_t /*latchTime*/, const sp<Fence>& /*presentFence*/,
                                            const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) {
-    std::function<void(int64_t)> transactionCompleteCallback = nullptr;
-    uint64_t currFrameNumber = 0;
-
     {
         std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
         ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -267,12 +327,9 @@
         if (!mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.empty()) {
             sp<SurfaceControl> pendingSC = mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.front();
             mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.pop();
-            bool found = false;
-            for (auto stat : stats) {
-                if (!SurfaceControl::isSameSurface(pendingSC, stat.surfaceControl)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
+            std::optional<SurfaceControlStats> statsOptional = findMatchingStat(stats, pendingSC);
+            if (statsOptional) {
+                SurfaceControlStats stat = *statsOptional;
                 mTransformHint = stat.transformHint;
                 mBufferItemConsumer->setTransformHint(mTransformHint);
                 BQA_LOGV("updated mTransformHint=%d", mTransformHint);
@@ -288,24 +345,7 @@
                                                     stat.latchTime,
                                                     stat.frameEventStats.dequeueReadyTime);
                 }
-                currFrameNumber = stat.frameEventStats.frameNumber;
-
-                if (mTransactionCompleteCallback &&
-                    currFrameNumber >= mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber) {
-                    if (currFrameNumber > mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber) {
-                        BQA_LOGE("transactionCallback received for a newer framenumber=%" PRIu64
-                                 " than expected=%" PRIu64,
-                                 currFrameNumber, mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber);
-                    }
-                    transactionCompleteCallback = std::move(mTransactionCompleteCallback);
-                    mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = 0;
-                }
-
-                found = true;
-                break;
-            }
-
-            if (!found) {
+            } else {
                 BQA_LOGE("Failed to find matching SurfaceControl in transaction callback");
             }
         } else {
@@ -315,10 +355,6 @@
 
         decStrong((void*)transactionCallbackThunk);
     }
-
-    if (transactionCompleteCallback) {
-        transactionCompleteCallback(currFrameNumber);
-    }
 }
 
 // Unlike transactionCallbackThunk the release buffer callback does not extend the life of the
@@ -336,6 +372,15 @@
     }
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::flushShadowQueue() {
+    BQA_LOGV("flushShadowQueue");
+    int numFramesToFlush = mNumFrameAvailable;
+    while (numFramesToFlush > 0) {
+        acquireNextBufferLocked(std::nullopt);
+        numFramesToFlush--;
+    }
+}
+
 void BLASTBufferQueue::releaseBufferCallback(
         const ReleaseCallbackId& id, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
         std::optional<uint32_t> currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
@@ -374,7 +419,11 @@
         BQA_LOGV("released %s", releaseBuffer.callbackId.to_string().c_str());
         mBufferItemConsumer->releaseBuffer(it->second, releaseBuffer.releaseFence);
         mSubmitted.erase(it);
-        processNextBufferLocked(false /* useNextTransaction */);
+        // Don't process the transactions here if mWaitForTransactionCallback is set. Instead, let
+        // onFrameAvailable handle processing them since it will merge with the nextTransaction.
+        if (!mWaitForTransactionCallback) {
+            acquireNextBufferLocked(std::nullopt);
+        }
     }
 
     ATRACE_INT("PendingRelease", mPendingRelease.size());
@@ -383,13 +432,15 @@
     mCallbackCV.notify_all();
 }
 
-void BLASTBufferQueue::processNextBufferLocked(bool useNextTransaction) {
+void BLASTBufferQueue::acquireNextBufferLocked(
+        const std::optional<SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction*> transaction) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     // If the next transaction is set, we want to guarantee the our acquire will not fail, so don't
     // include the extra buffer when checking if we can acquire the next buffer.
-    const bool includeExtraAcquire = !useNextTransaction;
-    if (mNumFrameAvailable == 0 || maxBuffersAcquired(includeExtraAcquire)) {
-        mCallbackCV.notify_all();
+    const bool includeExtraAcquire = !transaction;
+    const bool maxAcquired = maxBuffersAcquired(includeExtraAcquire);
+    if (mNumFrameAvailable == 0 || maxAcquired) {
+        BQA_LOGV("Can't process next buffer maxBuffersAcquired=%s", boolToString(maxAcquired));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -401,9 +452,8 @@
     SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction localTransaction;
     bool applyTransaction = true;
     SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t = &localTransaction;
-    if (mNextTransaction != nullptr && useNextTransaction) {
-        t = mNextTransaction;
-        mNextTransaction = nullptr;
+    if (transaction) {
+        t = *transaction;
         applyTransaction = false;
     }
 
@@ -433,7 +483,7 @@
                  mSize.width, mSize.height, mRequestedSize.width, mRequestedSize.height,
                  buffer->getWidth(), buffer->getHeight(), bufferItem.mTransform);
         mBufferItemConsumer->releaseBuffer(bufferItem, Fence::NO_FENCE);
-        processNextBufferLocked(useNextTransaction);
+        acquireNextBufferLocked(transaction);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -452,6 +502,7 @@
 
     // Ensure BLASTBufferQueue stays alive until we receive the transaction complete callback.
     incStrong((void*)transactionCallbackThunk);
+    incStrong((void*)transactionCommittedCallbackThunk);
 
     const bool sizeHasChanged = mRequestedSize != mSize;
     mSize = mRequestedSize;
@@ -471,6 +522,7 @@
     t->setHdrMetadata(mSurfaceControl, bufferItem.mHdrMetadata);
     t->setSurfaceDamageRegion(mSurfaceControl, bufferItem.mSurfaceDamage);
     t->addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallbackThunk, static_cast<void*>(this));
+    t->addTransactionCommittedCallback(transactionCommittedCallbackThunk, static_cast<void*>(this));
     mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.push(mSurfaceControl);
 
     if (updateDestinationFrame) {
@@ -508,7 +560,7 @@
         t->setApplyToken(mApplyToken).apply();
     }
 
-    BQA_LOGV("processNextBufferLocked size=%dx%d mFrameNumber=%" PRIu64
+    BQA_LOGV("acquireNextBufferLocked size=%dx%d mFrameNumber=%" PRIu64
              " applyTransaction=%s mTimestamp=%" PRId64 "%s mPendingTransactions.size=%d"
              " graphicBufferId=%" PRIu64 "%s transform=%d",
              mSize.width, mSize.height, bufferItem.mFrameNumber, boolToString(applyTransaction),
@@ -524,17 +576,50 @@
     return item.mCrop;
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::acquireAndReleaseBuffer() {
+    BufferItem bufferItem;
+    status_t status =
+            mBufferItemConsumer->acquireBuffer(&bufferItem, 0 /* expectedPresent */, false);
+    if (status != OK) {
+        BQA_LOGE("Failed to acquire a buffer in acquireAndReleaseBuffer, err=%s",
+                 statusToString(status).c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+    mNumFrameAvailable--;
+    mBufferItemConsumer->releaseBuffer(bufferItem, bufferItem.mFence);
+}
+
 void BLASTBufferQueue::onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
 
     const bool nextTransactionSet = mNextTransaction != nullptr;
+    BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable-start nextTransactionSet=%s", boolToString(nextTransactionSet));
     if (nextTransactionSet) {
-        while (mNumFrameAvailable > 0 || maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
-            BQA_LOGV("waiting in onFrameAvailable...");
+        if (mWaitForTransactionCallback) {
+            // We are waiting on a previous sync's transaction callback so allow another sync
+            // transaction to proceed.
+            //
+            // We need to first flush out the transactions that were in between the two syncs.
+            // We do this by merging them into mNextTransaction so any buffer merging will get
+            // a release callback invoked. The release callback will be async so we need to wait
+            // on max acquired to make sure we have the capacity to acquire another buffer.
+            if (maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
+                BQA_LOGD("waiting to flush shadow queue...");
+                mCallbackCV.wait(_lock);
+            }
+            while (mNumFrameAvailable > 0) {
+                // flush out the shadow queue
+                acquireAndReleaseBuffer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
+            BQA_LOGD("waiting for free buffer.");
             mCallbackCV.wait(_lock);
         }
     }
+
     // add to shadow queue
     mNumFrameAvailable++;
     ATRACE_INT(mQueuedBufferTrace.c_str(),
@@ -542,7 +627,14 @@
 
     BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable framenumber=%" PRIu64 " nextTransactionSet=%s", item.mFrameNumber,
              boolToString(nextTransactionSet));
-    processNextBufferLocked(nextTransactionSet /* useNextTransaction */);
+
+    if (nextTransactionSet) {
+        acquireNextBufferLocked(std::move(mNextTransaction));
+        mNextTransaction = nullptr;
+        mWaitForTransactionCallback = true;
+    } else if (!mWaitForTransactionCallback) {
+        acquireNextBufferLocked(std::nullopt);
+    }
 }
 
 void BLASTBufferQueue::onFrameReplaced(const BufferItem& item) {
@@ -587,17 +679,6 @@
     return mSize != bufferSize;
 }
 
-void BLASTBufferQueue::setTransactionCompleteCallback(
-        uint64_t frameNumber, std::function<void(int64_t)>&& transactionCompleteCallback) {
-    std::lock_guard _lock{mMutex};
-    if (transactionCompleteCallback == nullptr) {
-        mTransactionCompleteCallback = nullptr;
-    } else {
-        mTransactionCompleteCallback = std::move(transactionCompleteCallback);
-        mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = frameNumber;
-    }
-}
-
 // Check if we have acquired the maximum number of buffers.
 // Consumer can acquire an additional buffer if that buffer is not droppable. Set
 // includeExtraAcquire is true to include this buffer to the count. Since this depends on the state
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
index 49ece6e..3881620 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@
     void onFrameDequeued(const uint64_t) override;
     void onFrameCancelled(const uint64_t) override;
 
+    virtual void transactionCommittedCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
+                                              const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats);
     void transactionCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
             const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats);
     void releaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId& id, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
@@ -95,8 +97,6 @@
     void setNextTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction *t);
     void mergeWithNextTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t, uint64_t frameNumber);
     void applyPendingTransactions(uint64_t frameNumber);
-    void setTransactionCompleteCallback(uint64_t frameNumber,
-                                        std::function<void(int64_t)>&& transactionCompleteCallback);
 
     void update(const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, int32_t format,
                 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* outTransaction = nullptr);
@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@
     void createBufferQueue(sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* outProducer,
                            sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>* outConsumer);
 
-    void processNextBufferLocked(bool useNextTransaction) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void acquireNextBufferLocked(
+            const std::optional<SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction*> transaction) REQUIRES(mMutex);
     Rect computeCrop(const BufferItem& item) REQUIRES(mMutex);
     // Return true if we need to reject the buffer based on the scaling mode and the buffer size.
     bool rejectBuffer(const BufferItem& item) REQUIRES(mMutex);
@@ -129,6 +130,9 @@
     void mergePendingTransactions(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t, uint64_t frameNumber)
             REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
+    void flushShadowQueue() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void acquireAndReleaseBuffer() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
     std::string mName;
     // Represents the queued buffer count from buffer queue,
     // pre-BLAST. This is mNumFrameAvailable (buffers that queued to blast) +
@@ -218,9 +222,6 @@
     // Tracks the last acquired frame number
     uint64_t mLastAcquiredFrameNumber GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
 
-    std::function<void(int64_t)> mTransactionCompleteCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = nullptr;
-    uint64_t mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber GUARDED_BY(mMutex){0};
-
     // Queues up transactions using this token in SurfaceFlinger. This prevents queued up
     // transactions from other parts of the client from blocking this transaction.
     const sp<IBinder> mApplyToken GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = new BBinder();
@@ -238,6 +239,7 @@
     std::queue<sp<SurfaceControl>> mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     uint32_t mCurrentMaxAcquiredBufferCount;
+    bool mWaitForTransactionCallback = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/CallbackUtils.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h
similarity index 96%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/CallbackUtils.h
rename to libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h
index f4a3425..6403208 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/utils/CallbackUtils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h
@@ -134,10 +134,8 @@
 
         void verifySurfaceControlStats(const SurfaceControlStats& surfaceControlStats,
                                        nsecs_t latchTime) const {
-            const auto&
-                    [surfaceControl, latch, acquireTime, presentFence, previousReleaseFence,
-                     transformHint,
-                     frameEvents] = surfaceControlStats;
+            const auto& [surfaceControl, latch, acquireTime, presentFence, previousReleaseFence,
+                         transformHint, frameEvents] = surfaceControlStats;
 
             ASSERT_EQ(acquireTime > 0, mBufferResult == ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED)
                     << "bad acquire time";
@@ -199,7 +197,7 @@
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(500ms);
 
         std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mCallbackDataQueue.size(), 0) << "extra callbacks received";
+        EXPECT_EQ(mCallbackDataQueue.size(), 0U) << "extra callbacks received";
         mCallbackDataQueue = {};
     }
 
@@ -209,5 +207,5 @@
     std::condition_variable mConditionVariable;
     std::queue<CallbackData> mCallbackDataQueue;
 };
-}
+} // namespace
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp
index b474086..b2d5048 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/SyncScreenCaptureListener.h>
+#include <gui/test/CallbackUtils.h>
 #include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayMode.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
@@ -42,11 +43,67 @@
 using Transaction = SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::BufferUsage;
 
+class CountProducerListener : public BnProducerListener {
+public:
+    void onBufferReleased() override {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        mNumReleased++;
+        mReleaseCallback.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    void waitOnNumberReleased(int32_t expectedNumReleased) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        while (mNumReleased < expectedNumReleased) {
+            ASSERT_NE(mReleaseCallback.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(3)),
+                      std::cv_status::timeout)
+                    << "did not receive release";
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mReleaseCallback;
+    int32_t mNumReleased GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
+};
+
+class TestBLASTBufferQueue : public BLASTBufferQueue {
+public:
+    TestBLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name, const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, int width,
+                         int height, int32_t format)
+          : BLASTBufferQueue(name, surface, width, height, format) {}
+
+    void transactionCommittedCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
+                                      const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) override {
+        BLASTBufferQueue::transactionCommittedCallback(latchTime, presentFence, stats);
+
+        uint64_t frameNumber = stats[0].frameEventStats.frameNumber;
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock{frameNumberMutex};
+            mLastTransactionCommittedFrameNumber = frameNumber;
+            mCommittedCV.notify_all();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void waitForCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
+        std::unique_lock lock{frameNumberMutex};
+        // Wait until all but one of the submitted buffers have been released.
+        while (mLastTransactionCommittedFrameNumber < frameNumber) {
+            mCommittedCV.wait(lock);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::mutex frameNumberMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mCommittedCV;
+    int64_t mLastTransactionCommittedFrameNumber = -1;
+};
+
 class BLASTBufferQueueHelper {
 public:
     BLASTBufferQueueHelper(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int width, int height) {
-        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter = new BLASTBufferQueue("TestBLASTBufferQueue", sc, width, height,
-                                                        PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter = new TestBLASTBufferQueue("TestBLASTBufferQueue", sc, width,
+                                                            height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
     }
 
     void update(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int width, int height) {
@@ -83,28 +140,12 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void setTransactionCompleteCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
-        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->setTransactionCompleteCallback(frameNumber, [&](int64_t frame) {
-            std::unique_lock lock{mMutex};
-            mLastTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = frame;
-            mCallbackCV.notify_all();
-        });
-    }
-
     void waitForCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
-        std::unique_lock lock{mMutex};
-        // Wait until all but one of the submitted buffers have been released.
-        while (mLastTransactionCompleteFrameNumber < frameNumber) {
-            mCallbackCV.wait(lock);
-        }
+        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->waitForCallback(frameNumber);
     }
 
 private:
-    sp<BLASTBufferQueue> mBlastBufferQueueAdapter;
-
-    std::mutex mMutex;
-    std::condition_variable mCallbackCV;
-    int64_t mLastTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = -1;
+    sp<TestBLASTBufferQueue> mBlastBufferQueueAdapter;
 };
 
 class BLASTBufferQueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -152,18 +193,19 @@
         mCaptureArgs.dataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
     }
 
-    void setUpProducer(BLASTBufferQueueHelper& adapter, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& producer) {
+    void setUpProducer(BLASTBufferQueueHelper& adapter, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& producer,
+                       int32_t maxBufferCount = 2) {
         producer = adapter.getIGraphicBufferProducer();
-        setUpProducer(producer);
+        setUpProducer(producer, maxBufferCount);
     }
 
-    void setUpProducer(sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& igbProducer) {
+    void setUpProducer(sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& igbProducer, int32_t maxBufferCount) {
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, igbProducer.get());
-        ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, igbProducer->setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(2));
+        ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, igbProducer->setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(maxBufferCount));
         IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferOutput qbOutput;
+        mProducerListener = new CountProducerListener();
         ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
-                  igbProducer->connect(new StubProducerListener, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU, false,
-                                       &qbOutput));
+                  igbProducer->connect(mProducerListener, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU, false, &qbOutput));
         ASSERT_NE(ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID, qbOutput.transformHint);
     }
 
@@ -287,6 +329,7 @@
 
     DisplayCaptureArgs mCaptureArgs;
     ScreenCaptureResults mCaptureResults;
+    sp<CountProducerListener> mProducerListener;
 };
 
 TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, CreateBLASTBufferQueue) {
@@ -749,6 +792,240 @@
                                {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight / 2}));
 }
 
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, SyncThenNoSync) {
+    uint8_t r = 255;
+    uint8_t g = 0;
+    uint8_t b = 0;
+
+    BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
+    setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer);
+
+    Transaction next;
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+
+    // queue non sync buffer, so this one should get blocked
+    // Add a present delay to allow the first screenshot to get taken.
+    nsecs_t presentTimeDelay = std::chrono::nanoseconds(500ms).count();
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, presentTimeDelay);
+
+    CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
+    next.addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+                                         transactionCallback.getContext())
+            .apply();
+
+    CallbackData callbackData;
+    transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
+
+    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(0, 255, 0, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(r, g, b, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, MultipleSyncTransactions) {
+    uint8_t r = 255;
+    uint8_t g = 0;
+    uint8_t b = 0;
+
+    BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
+    setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer);
+
+    Transaction mainTransaction;
+
+    Transaction next;
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    // Expect 1 buffer to be released even before sending to SurfaceFlinger
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(1);
+
+    CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
+    mainTransaction
+            .addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+                                             transactionCallback.getContext())
+            .apply();
+
+    CallbackData callbackData;
+    transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
+
+    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(r, g, b, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, MultipleSyncTransactionWithNonSync) {
+    uint8_t r = 255;
+    uint8_t g = 0;
+    uint8_t b = 0;
+
+    BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
+    setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer);
+
+    Transaction mainTransaction;
+
+    Transaction next;
+    // queue a sync transaction
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+
+    // queue another buffer without setting next transaction
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+
+    // queue another sync transaction
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
+    // Expect 1 buffer to be released because the non sync transaction should merge
+    // with the sync
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(1);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    // Expect 2 buffers to be released due to merging the two syncs.
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(2);
+
+    CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
+    mainTransaction
+            .addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+                                             transactionCallback.getContext())
+            .apply();
+
+    CallbackData callbackData;
+    transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
+
+    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(r, g, b, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, MultipleSyncRunOutOfBuffers) {
+    uint8_t r = 255;
+    uint8_t g = 0;
+    uint8_t b = 0;
+
+    BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
+    setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer, 3);
+
+    Transaction mainTransaction;
+
+    Transaction next;
+    // queue a sync transaction
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+
+    // queue a few buffers without setting next transaction
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+
+    // queue another sync transaction
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
+    // Expect 3 buffers to be released because the non sync transactions should merge
+    // with the sync
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(3);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    // Expect 4 buffers to be released due to merging the two syncs.
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(4);
+
+    CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
+    mainTransaction
+            .addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+                                             transactionCallback.getContext())
+            .apply();
+
+    CallbackData callbackData;
+    transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
+
+    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(r, g, b, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+}
+
+// Tests BBQ with a sync transaction when the buffers acquired reaches max and the only way to
+// continue processing is for a release callback from SurfaceFlinger.
+// This is done by sending a buffer to SF so it can release the previous one and allow BBQ to
+// continue acquiring buffers.
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, RunOutOfBuffersWaitingOnSF) {
+    uint8_t r = 255;
+    uint8_t g = 0;
+    uint8_t b = 0;
+
+    BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
+    setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer, 4);
+
+    Transaction mainTransaction;
+
+    // Send a buffer to SF
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+
+    Transaction next;
+    // queue a sync transaction
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+
+    // queue a few buffers without setting next transaction
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+
+    // apply the first synced buffer to ensure we have to wait on SF
+    mainTransaction.apply();
+
+    // queue another sync transaction
+    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
+    // Expect 2 buffers to be released because the non sync transactions should merge
+    // with the sync
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(3);
+
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+
+    CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
+    mainTransaction
+            .addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+                                             transactionCallback.getContext())
+            .apply();
+
+    CallbackData callbackData;
+    transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
+
+    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(r, g, b, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+}
+
 class TestProducerListener : public BnProducerListener {
 public:
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mIgbp;
@@ -1106,7 +1383,6 @@
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferOutput qbOutput;
     nsecs_t requestedPresentTimeA = 0;
     nsecs_t postedTimeA = 0;
-    adapter.setTransactionCompleteCallback(1);
     setUpAndQueueBuffer(igbProducer, &requestedPresentTimeA, &postedTimeA, &qbOutput, true);
     history.applyDelta(qbOutput.frameTimestamps);
 
@@ -1175,7 +1451,6 @@
     // queue another buffer so the first can be dropped
     nsecs_t requestedPresentTimeB = 0;
     nsecs_t postedTimeB = 0;
-    adapter.setTransactionCompleteCallback(2);
     presentTime = systemTime() + std::chrono::nanoseconds(1ms).count();
     setUpAndQueueBuffer(igbProducer, &requestedPresentTimeB, &postedTimeB, &qbOutput, true,
                         presentTime);
@@ -1241,7 +1516,6 @@
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferOutput qbOutput;
     nsecs_t requestedPresentTimeA = 0;
     nsecs_t postedTimeA = 0;
-    adapter.setTransactionCompleteCallback(1);
     setUpAndQueueBuffer(igbProducer, &requestedPresentTimeA, &postedTimeA, &qbOutput, true);
     history.applyDelta(qbOutput.frameTimestamps);
     adapter.waitForCallback(1);
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index 16208a7..d9beb23 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
     bufferSurface->expectTap(1, 1);
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_ignores_buffer_layer_alpha) {
+TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_respects_buffer_layer_alpha) {
     std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> bgSurface = makeSurface(100, 100);
     std::unique_ptr<BlastInputSurface> bufferSurface =
             BlastInputSurface::makeBlastInputSurface(mComposerClient, 100, 100);
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
     bufferSurface->doTransaction([](auto &t, auto &sc) { t.setAlpha(sc, 0.0); });
 
     injectTap(11, 11);
-    bufferSurface->expectTap(1, 1);
+    bgSurface->expectTap(1, 1);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_ignores_color_layer_alpha) {
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp b/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp
index 2db9992..93e7239 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@
 
 int32_t ANativeWindow_setBuffersDataSpace(ANativeWindow* window, int32_t dataSpace) {
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_UNKNOWN) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN));
-    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_SHIFT) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_MASK) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT709) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709));
@@ -145,7 +144,6 @@
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_FILM) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_DCI_P3) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB));
-    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_SHIFT) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_MASK) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_LINEAR) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR));
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h
index 612fb39..a299488 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@
      * Defines the chromaticity coordinates of the source primaries in terms of
      * the CIE 1931 definition of x and y specified in ISO 11664-1.
      */
-    STANDARD_SHIFT = 16,
-
-    STANDARD_MASK = 63 << 16, // 63 << STANDARD_SHIFT = 0x3F
+    STANDARD_MASK = 63 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Chromacity coordinates are unknown or are determined by the application.
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@
      * For all other formats standard is undefined, and implementations should use
      * an appropriate standard for the data represented.
      */
-    STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 16, // STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -85,7 +83,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2126, KB = 0.0722 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT709 = 1 << 16, // 1 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT709 = 1 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@
      *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
      *  primaries.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT601_625 = 2 << 16, // 2 << STANDARD_SHIFT,
+    STANDARD_BT601_625 = 2 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.222, KB = 0.071 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 3 << 16, // 3 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 3 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@
      *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
      *  primaries.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT601_525 = 4 << 16, // 4 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT601_525 = 4 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.212, KB = 0.087 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion (as in SMPTE 240M).
      */
-    STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 5 << 16, // 5 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 5 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2627, KB = 0.0593 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT2020 = 6 << 16, // 6 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT2020 = 6 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2627, KB = 0.0593 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion using the linear domain.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE = 7 << 16, // 7 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE = 7 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x      y
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.30, KB = 0.11 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion.
      */
-    STANDARD_BT470M = 8 << 16, // 8 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_BT470M = 8 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Primaries:       x       y
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@
      * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.254, KB = 0.068 luminance interpretation
      * for RGB conversion.
      */
-    STANDARD_FILM = 9 << 16, // 9 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_FILM = 9 << 16,
 
     /**
      * SMPTE EG 432-1 and SMPTE RP 431-2. (DCI-P3)
@@ -195,7 +193,7 @@
      *  red             0.680   0.320
      *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
      */
-    STANDARD_DCI_P3 = 10 << 16, // 10 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_DCI_P3 = 10 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Adobe RGB
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@
      *  red             0.640   0.330
      *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
      */
-    STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB = 11 << 16, // 11 << STANDARD_SHIFT
+    STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB = 11 << 16,
 
     /**
      * Transfer aspect
@@ -220,9 +218,7 @@
      * component. Implementation may apply the transfer function in RGB space
      * for all pixel formats if desired.
      */
-    TRANSFER_SHIFT = 22,
-
-    TRANSFER_MASK = 31 << 22, // 31 << TRANSFER_SHIFT = 0x1F
+    TRANSFER_MASK = 31 << 22,
 
     /**
      * Transfer characteristics are unknown or are determined by the
@@ -236,7 +232,7 @@
      * For all other formats transfer function is undefined, and implementations
      * should use an appropriate standard for the data represented.
      */
-    TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 22, // 0 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 22,
 
     /**
      * Transfer characteristic curve:
@@ -244,7 +240,7 @@
      *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_LINEAR = 1 << 22, // 1 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_LINEAR = 1 << 22,
 
     /**
      * Transfer characteristic curve:
@@ -254,7 +250,7 @@
      *     L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
      *     E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_SRGB = 2 << 22, // 2 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_SRGB = 2 << 22,
 
     /**
      * BT.601 525, BT.601 625, BT.709, BT.2020
@@ -265,7 +261,7 @@
      *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M = 3 << 22, // 3 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M = 3 << 22,
 
     /**
      * Assumed display gamma 2.2.
@@ -275,7 +271,7 @@
      *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 = 4 << 22, // 4 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 = 4 << 22,
 
     /**
      *  display gamma 2.6.
@@ -285,7 +281,7 @@
      *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6 = 5 << 22, // 5 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6 = 5 << 22,
 
     /**
      *  display gamma 2.8.
@@ -295,7 +291,7 @@
      *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8 = 6 << 22, // 6 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8 = 6 << 22,
 
     /**
      * SMPTE ST 2084 (Dolby Perceptual Quantizer)
@@ -311,7 +307,7 @@
      *          L = 1 corresponds to 10000 cd/m2
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_ST2084 = 7 << 22, // 7 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_ST2084 = 7 << 22,
 
     /**
      * ARIB STD-B67 Hybrid Log Gamma
@@ -327,7 +323,7 @@
      *          to reference white level of 100 cd/m2
      *      E - corresponding electrical signal
      */
-    TRANSFER_HLG = 8 << 22, // 8 << TRANSFER_SHIFT
+    TRANSFER_HLG = 8 << 22,
 
     /**
      * Range aspect
@@ -335,9 +331,7 @@
      * Defines the range of values corresponding to the unit range of 0-1.
      * This is defined for YCbCr only, but can be expanded to RGB space.
      */
-    RANGE_SHIFT = 27,
-
-    RANGE_MASK = 7 << 27, // 7 << RANGE_SHIFT = 0x7
+    RANGE_MASK = 7 << 27,
 
     /**
      * Range is unknown or are determined by the application.  Implementations
@@ -350,13 +344,13 @@
      * For all other formats range is undefined, and implementations should use
      * an appropriate range for the data represented.
      */
-    RANGE_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 27, // 0 << RANGE_SHIFT = 0x0
+    RANGE_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 27,
 
     /**
      * Full range uses all values for Y, Cb and Cr from
      * 0 to 2^b-1, where b is the bit depth of the color format.
      */
-    RANGE_FULL = 1 << 27, // 1 << RANGE_SHIFT = 0x8000000
+    RANGE_FULL = 1 << 27,
 
     /**
      * Limited range uses values 16/256*2^b to 235/256*2^b for Y, and
@@ -371,7 +365,7 @@
      * Luma (Y) samples should range from 64 to 940, inclusive
      * Chroma (Cb, Cr) samples should range from 64 to 960, inclusive
      */
-    RANGE_LIMITED = 2 << 27, // 2 << RANGE_SHIFT = 0x10000000
+    RANGE_LIMITED = 2 << 27,
 
     /**
      * Extended range is used for scRGB. Intended for use with
@@ -380,7 +374,7 @@
      * color outside the sRGB gamut.
      * Used to blend / merge multiple dataspaces on a single display.
      */
-    RANGE_EXTENDED = 3 << 27, // 3 << RANGE_SHIFT = 0x18000000
+    RANGE_EXTENDED = 3 << 27,
 
     /**
      * scRGB linear encoding:
diff --git a/libs/permission/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h b/libs/permission/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
index e3d705f..abcd527 100644
--- a/libs/permission/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
+++ b/libs/permission/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@
         OP_ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION_SOURCE = 113,
         OP_BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE = 114,
         OP_RECORD_INCOMING_PHONE_AUDIO = 115,
-        _NUM_OP = 116
+        OP_NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES = 116,
+        _NUM_OP = 117
     };
 
     AppOpsManager();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
index 2174df5..a9ea690 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 }
 
 std::future<RenderEngineResult> RenderEngine::drawLayers(
-        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
         const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     const auto resultPromise = std::make_shared<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
index 2375cb7..22dd866 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@
 
 void GLESRenderEngine::drawLayersInternal(
         const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
-        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
         const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -1110,10 +1110,10 @@
     std::unique_ptr<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer> fbo;
     // Gathering layers that requested blur, we'll need them to decide when to render to an
     // offscreen buffer, and when to render to the native buffer.
-    std::deque<const LayerSettings*> blurLayers;
+    std::deque<const LayerSettings> blurLayers;
     if (CC_LIKELY(mBlurFilter != nullptr)) {
-        for (auto layer : layers) {
-            if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
+        for (const auto& layer : layers) {
+            if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                 blurLayers.push_back(layer);
             }
         }
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@
     } else {
         setViewportAndProjection(display.physicalDisplay, display.clip);
         auto status =
-                mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display, blurLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius);
+                mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display, blurLayers.front().backgroundBlurRadius);
         if (status != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("Failed to prepare blur filter! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                   buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
                         .setTexCoords(2 /* size */)
                         .setCropCoords(2 /* size */)
                         .build();
-    for (auto const layer : layers) {
+    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
         if (blurLayers.size() > 0 && blurLayers.front() == layer) {
             blurLayers.pop_front();
 
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
                 // There's still something else to blur, so let's keep rendering to our FBO
                 // instead of to the display.
                 status = mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display,
-                                                      blurLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius);
+                                                      blurLayers.front().backgroundBlurRadius);
             }
             if (status != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("Failed to bind framebuffer! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
@@ -1214,42 +1214,42 @@
         }
 
         // Ensure luminance is at least 100 nits to avoid div-by-zero
-        const float maxLuminance = std::max(100.f, layer->source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits);
+        const float maxLuminance = std::max(100.f, layer.source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits);
         mState.maxMasteringLuminance = maxLuminance;
         mState.maxContentLuminance = maxLuminance;
-        mState.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * layer->geometry.positionTransform;
+        mState.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * layer.geometry.positionTransform;
 
-        const FloatRect bounds = layer->geometry.boundaries;
+        const FloatRect bounds = layer.geometry.boundaries;
         Mesh::VertexArray<vec2> position(mesh.getPositionArray<vec2>());
         position[0] = vec2(bounds.left, bounds.top);
         position[1] = vec2(bounds.left, bounds.bottom);
         position[2] = vec2(bounds.right, bounds.bottom);
         position[3] = vec2(bounds.right, bounds.top);
 
-        setupLayerCropping(*layer, mesh);
-        setColorTransform(layer->colorTransform);
+        setupLayerCropping(layer, mesh);
+        setColorTransform(layer.colorTransform);
 
         bool usePremultipliedAlpha = true;
         bool disableTexture = true;
         bool isOpaque = false;
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
             disableTexture = false;
-            isOpaque = layer->source.buffer.isOpaque;
+            isOpaque = layer.source.buffer.isOpaque;
 
-            sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuf = layer->source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer();
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuf = layer.source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer();
             validateInputBufferUsage(gBuf);
-            bindExternalTextureBuffer(layer->source.buffer.textureName, gBuf,
-                                      layer->source.buffer.fence);
+            bindExternalTextureBuffer(layer.source.buffer.textureName, gBuf,
+                                      layer.source.buffer.fence);
 
-            usePremultipliedAlpha = layer->source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha;
-            Texture texture(Texture::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, layer->source.buffer.textureName);
-            mat4 texMatrix = layer->source.buffer.textureTransform;
+            usePremultipliedAlpha = layer.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha;
+            Texture texture(Texture::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, layer.source.buffer.textureName);
+            mat4 texMatrix = layer.source.buffer.textureTransform;
 
             texture.setMatrix(texMatrix.asArray());
-            texture.setFiltering(layer->source.buffer.useTextureFiltering);
+            texture.setFiltering(layer.source.buffer.useTextureFiltering);
 
             texture.setDimensions(gBuf->getWidth(), gBuf->getHeight());
-            setSourceY410BT2020(layer->source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
+            setSourceY410BT2020(layer.source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
 
             renderengine::Mesh::VertexArray<vec2> texCoords(mesh.getTexCoordArray<vec2>());
             texCoords[0] = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
@@ -1264,32 +1264,32 @@
             }
         }
 
-        const half3 solidColor = layer->source.solidColor;
-        const half4 color = half4(solidColor.r, solidColor.g, solidColor.b, layer->alpha);
+        const half3 solidColor = layer.source.solidColor;
+        const half4 color = half4(solidColor.r, solidColor.g, solidColor.b, layer.alpha);
         // Buffer sources will have a black solid color ignored in the shader,
         // so in that scenario the solid color passed here is arbitrary.
         setupLayerBlending(usePremultipliedAlpha, isOpaque, disableTexture, color,
-                           layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-        if (layer->disableBlending) {
+                           layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+        if (layer.disableBlending) {
             glDisable(GL_BLEND);
         }
-        setSourceDataSpace(layer->sourceDataspace);
+        setSourceDataSpace(layer.sourceDataspace);
 
-        if (layer->shadow.length > 0.0f) {
-            handleShadow(layer->geometry.boundaries, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius,
-                         layer->shadow);
+        if (layer.shadow.length > 0.0f) {
+            handleShadow(layer.geometry.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius,
+                         layer.shadow);
         }
         // We only want to do a special handling for rounded corners when having rounded corners
         // is the only reason it needs to turn on blending, otherwise, we handle it like the
         // usual way since it needs to turn on blending anyway.
-        else if (layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius > 0.0 && color.a >= 1.0f && isOpaque) {
-            handleRoundedCorners(display, *layer, mesh);
+        else if (layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius > 0.0 && color.a >= 1.0f && isOpaque) {
+            handleRoundedCorners(display, layer, mesh);
         } else {
             drawMesh(mesh);
         }
 
         // Cleanup if there's a buffer source
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
             disableBlending();
             setSourceY410BT2020(false);
             disableTexturing();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
index c4adfdf..1d7c2ca 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
     void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
                             const DisplaySettings& display,
-                            const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
                             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                             const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
index 701c1f2..b9cc648 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
     // @return A future object of RenderEngineResult struct indicating whether
     // drawing was successful in async mode.
     virtual std::future<RenderEngineResult> drawLayers(
-            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
             base::unique_fd&& bufferFence);
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
 
     virtual void drawLayersInternal(
             const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
-            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
             base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) = 0;
 };
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
index a7e6809..248bd65 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(canSkipPostRenderCleanup, bool());
     MOCK_METHOD5(drawLayers,
                  std::future<RenderEngineResult>(const DisplaySettings&,
-                                                 const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>&,
+                                                 const std::vector<LayerSettings>&,
                                                  const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>&,
                                                  const bool, base::unique_fd&&));
     MOCK_METHOD6(drawLayersInternal,
                  void(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&&,
-                      const DisplaySettings&, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>&,
+                      const DisplaySettings&, const std::vector<LayerSettings>&,
                       const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&));
     MOCK_METHOD0(cleanFramebufferCache, void());
     MOCK_METHOD0(getContextPriority, int());
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
index c4fa1bb..b18a872 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
             .alpha = 1,
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer, &caster};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer, caster};
     // Four combinations of settings are used (two transforms here, and drawShadowLayers is
     // called with two different destination data spaces) They're all rounded rect.
     // Three of these are cache misses that generate new shaders.
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
                                           }},
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     for (auto dataspace : {kDestDataSpace, kOtherDataSpace}) {
         layer.sourceDataspace = dataspace;
         // Cache shaders for both rects and round rects.
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
             .alpha = 0.5,
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     for (auto transform : {mat4(), kScaleAndTranslate}) {
         layer.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
         for (float roundedCornersRadius : {0.0f, 50.f}) {
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
             .skipContentDraw = true,
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     // Different blur code is invoked for radii less and greater than 30 pixels
     for (int radius : {9, 60}) {
         layer.backgroundBlurRadius = radius;
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
                     },
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     for (auto pixelSource : {bufferSource, bufferOpaque, colorSource}) {
         layer.source = pixelSource;
         for (auto dataspace : {kDestDataSpace, kOtherDataSpace}) {
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
 
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd());
 }
 
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
 
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd());
 }
 
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
         LayerSettings layer{
                 .source = PixelSource{.solidColor = half3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f)},
         };
-        auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+        auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
         // call get() to make it synchronous
         renderengine
                 ->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd())
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index cb686a6..d5ec774 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -610,17 +610,18 @@
     AutoBackendTexture::CleanupManager& mMgr;
 };
 
-sk_sp<SkShader> SkiaGLRenderEngine::createRuntimeEffectShader(
-        sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
-        const LayerSettings* layer, const DisplaySettings& display, bool undoPremultipliedAlpha,
-        bool requiresLinearEffect) {
-    const auto stretchEffect = layer->stretchEffect;
+sk_sp<SkShader> SkiaGLRenderEngine::createRuntimeEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
+                                                              const LayerSettings& layer,
+                                                              const DisplaySettings& display,
+                                                              bool undoPremultipliedAlpha,
+                                                              bool requiresLinearEffect) {
+    const auto stretchEffect = layer.stretchEffect;
     // The given surface will be stretched by HWUI via matrix transformation
     // which gets similar results for most surfaces
     // Determine later on if we need to leverage the stertch shader within
     // surface flinger
     if (stretchEffect.hasEffect()) {
-        const auto targetBuffer = layer->source.buffer.buffer;
+        const auto targetBuffer = layer.source.buffer.buffer;
         const auto graphicBuffer = targetBuffer ? targetBuffer->getBuffer() : nullptr;
         if (graphicBuffer && shader) {
             shader = mStretchShaderFactory.createSkShader(shader, stretchEffect);
@@ -629,7 +630,7 @@
 
     if (requiresLinearEffect) {
         const ui::Dataspace inputDataspace =
-                mUseColorManagement ? layer->sourceDataspace : ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
+                mUseColorManagement ? layer.sourceDataspace : ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
         const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace =
                 mUseColorManagement ? display.outputDataspace : ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
@@ -645,13 +646,13 @@
         } else {
             runtimeEffect = effectIter->second;
         }
-        float maxLuminance = layer->source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits;
+        float maxLuminance = layer.source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits;
         // If the buffer doesn't have a max luminance, treat it as SDR & use the display's SDR
         // white point
         if (maxLuminance <= 0.f) {
             maxLuminance = display.sdrWhitePointNits;
         }
-        return createLinearEffectShader(shader, effect, runtimeEffect, layer->colorTransform,
+        return createLinearEffectShader(shader, effect, runtimeEffect, layer.colorTransform,
                                         display.maxLuminance, maxLuminance);
     }
     return shader;
@@ -729,7 +730,7 @@
 
 void SkiaGLRenderEngine::drawLayersInternal(
         const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
-        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
         const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool /*useFramebufferCache*/,
         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_NAME("SkiaGL::drawLayers");
@@ -801,11 +802,11 @@
             if (!layerHasBlur(layer, ctModifiesAlpha)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0 &&
-                layer->backgroundBlurRadius < BlurFilter::kMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
+            if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0 &&
+                layer.backgroundBlurRadius < BlurFilter::kMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
                 requiresCompositionLayer = true;
             }
-            for (auto region : layer->blurRegions) {
+            for (auto region : layer.blurRegions) {
                 if (region.blurRadius < BlurFilter::kMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
                     requiresCompositionLayer = true;
                 }
@@ -813,7 +814,7 @@
             if (requiresCompositionLayer) {
                 activeSurface = dstSurface->makeSurface(dstSurface->imageInfo());
                 canvas = mCapture->tryOffscreenCapture(activeSurface.get(), &offscreenCaptureState);
-                blurCompositionLayer = layer;
+                blurCompositionLayer = &layer;
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -825,11 +826,11 @@
     initCanvas(canvas, display);
 
     for (const auto& layer : layers) {
-        ATRACE_FORMAT("DrawLayer: %s", layer->name.c_str());
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("DrawLayer: %s", layer.name.c_str());
 
         if (kPrintLayerSettings) {
             std::stringstream ls;
-            PrintTo(*layer, &ls);
+            PrintTo(layer, &ls);
             auto debugs = ls.str();
             int pos = 0;
             while (pos < debugs.size()) {
@@ -839,7 +840,7 @@
         }
 
         sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput;
-        if (blurCompositionLayer == layer) {
+        if (blurCompositionLayer == &layer) {
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(activeSurface == dstSurface);
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(canvas == dstCanvas);
 
@@ -878,17 +879,17 @@
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(mCapture->isCaptureRunning())) {
             // Record the name of the layer if the capture is running.
             std::stringstream layerSettings;
-            PrintTo(*layer, &layerSettings);
+            PrintTo(layer, &layerSettings);
             // Store the LayerSettings in additional information.
-            canvas->drawAnnotation(SkRect::MakeEmpty(), layer->name.c_str(),
+            canvas->drawAnnotation(SkRect::MakeEmpty(), layer.name.c_str(),
                                    SkData::MakeWithCString(layerSettings.str().c_str()));
         }
         // Layers have a local transform that should be applied to them
-        canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer->geometry.positionTransform).asM33());
+        canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer.geometry.positionTransform).asM33());
 
         const auto [bounds, roundRectClip] =
-                getBoundsAndClip(layer->geometry.boundaries, layer->geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
-                                 layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                getBoundsAndClip(layer.geometry.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
+                                 layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
         if (mBlurFilter && layerHasBlur(layer, ctModifiesAlpha)) {
             std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sk_sp<SkImage>> cachedBlurs;
 
@@ -909,20 +910,19 @@
 
             // TODO(b/182216890): Filter out empty layers earlier
             if (blurRect.width() > 0 && blurRect.height() > 0) {
-                if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
+                if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                     ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundBlur");
-                    auto blurredImage =
-                            mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer->backgroundBlurRadius, blurInput,
-                                                  blurRect);
+                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
+                                                              blurInput, blurRect);
 
-                    cachedBlurs[layer->backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
+                    cachedBlurs[layer.backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
 
-                    mBlurFilter->drawBlurRegion(canvas, bounds, layer->backgroundBlurRadius, 1.0f,
+                    mBlurFilter->drawBlurRegion(canvas, bounds, layer.backgroundBlurRadius, 1.0f,
                                                 blurRect, blurredImage, blurInput);
                 }
 
-                canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer->blurRegionTransform).asM33());
-                for (auto region : layer->blurRegions) {
+                canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer.blurRegionTransform).asM33());
+                for (auto region : layer.blurRegions) {
                     if (cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] == nullptr) {
                         ATRACE_NAME("BlurRegion");
                         cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] =
@@ -937,19 +937,18 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (layer->shadow.length > 0) {
+        if (layer.shadow.length > 0) {
             // This would require a new parameter/flag to SkShadowUtils::DrawShadow
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(layer->disableBlending, "Cannot disableBlending with a shadow");
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(layer.disableBlending, "Cannot disableBlending with a shadow");
 
             SkRRect shadowBounds, shadowClip;
-            if (layer->geometry.boundaries == layer->shadow.boundaries) {
+            if (layer.geometry.boundaries == layer.shadow.boundaries) {
                 shadowBounds = bounds;
                 shadowClip = roundRectClip;
             } else {
                 std::tie(shadowBounds, shadowClip) =
-                        getBoundsAndClip(layer->shadow.boundaries,
-                                         layer->geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
-                                         layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                        getBoundsAndClip(layer.shadow.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
+                                         layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
             }
 
             // Technically, if bounds is a rect and roundRectClip is not empty,
@@ -960,18 +959,18 @@
             // looks more like the intent.
             const auto& rrect =
                     shadowBounds.isRect() && !shadowClip.isEmpty() ? shadowClip : shadowBounds;
-            drawShadow(canvas, rrect, layer->shadow);
+            drawShadow(canvas, rrect, layer.shadow);
         }
 
-        const bool requiresLinearEffect = layer->colorTransform != mat4() ||
+        const bool requiresLinearEffect = layer.colorTransform != mat4() ||
                 (mUseColorManagement &&
-                 needsToneMapping(layer->sourceDataspace, display.outputDataspace)) ||
+                 needsToneMapping(layer.sourceDataspace, display.outputDataspace)) ||
                 (display.sdrWhitePointNits > 0.f &&
                  display.sdrWhitePointNits != display.maxLuminance);
 
         // quick abort from drawing the remaining portion of the layer
-        if (layer->skipContentDraw ||
-            (layer->alpha == 0 && !requiresLinearEffect && !layer->disableBlending &&
+        if (layer.skipContentDraw ||
+            (layer.alpha == 0 && !requiresLinearEffect && !layer.disableBlending &&
              (!displayColorTransform || displayColorTransform->isAlphaUnchanged()))) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -981,13 +980,13 @@
         // management is a no-op.
         const ui::Dataspace layerDataspace = (!mUseColorManagement || requiresLinearEffect)
                 ? dstDataspace
-                : layer->sourceDataspace;
+                : layer.sourceDataspace;
 
         SkPaint paint;
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer) {
             ATRACE_NAME("DrawImage");
-            validateInputBufferUsage(layer->source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer());
-            const auto& item = layer->source.buffer;
+            validateInputBufferUsage(layer.source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer());
+            const auto& item = layer.source.buffer;
             std::shared_ptr<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef> imageTextureRef = nullptr;
 
             if (const auto& iter = cache.find(item.buffer->getBuffer()->getId());
@@ -1006,8 +1005,8 @@
 
             // if the layer's buffer has a fence, then we must must respect the fence prior to using
             // the buffer.
-            if (layer->source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
-                waitFence(layer->source.buffer.fence->get());
+            if (layer.source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
+                waitFence(layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
             }
 
             // isOpaque means we need to ignore the alpha in the image,
@@ -1051,7 +1050,7 @@
 
             sk_sp<SkShader> shader;
 
-            if (layer->source.buffer.useTextureFiltering) {
+            if (layer.source.buffer.useTextureFiltering) {
                 shader = image->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp,
                                            SkSamplingOptions(
                                                    {SkFilterMode::kLinear, SkMipmapMode::kNone}),
@@ -1069,21 +1068,21 @@
             paint.setShader(createRuntimeEffectShader(shader, layer, display,
                                                       !item.isOpaque && item.usePremultipliedAlpha,
                                                       requiresLinearEffect));
-            paint.setAlphaf(layer->alpha);
+            paint.setAlphaf(layer.alpha);
         } else {
             ATRACE_NAME("DrawColor");
-            const auto color = layer->source.solidColor;
+            const auto color = layer.source.solidColor;
             sk_sp<SkShader> shader = SkShaders::Color(SkColor4f{.fR = color.r,
                                                                 .fG = color.g,
                                                                 .fB = color.b,
-                                                                .fA = layer->alpha},
+                                                                .fA = layer.alpha},
                                                       toSkColorSpace(layerDataspace));
             paint.setShader(createRuntimeEffectShader(shader, layer, display,
                                                       /* undoPremultipliedAlpha */ false,
                                                       requiresLinearEffect));
         }
 
-        if (layer->disableBlending) {
+        if (layer.disableBlending) {
             paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
         }
 
@@ -1251,13 +1250,13 @@
     return {SkRRect::MakeRect(bounds), clip};
 }
 
-inline bool SkiaGLRenderEngine::layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings* layer,
+inline bool SkiaGLRenderEngine::layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings& layer,
                                              bool colorTransformModifiesAlpha) {
-    if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0 || layer->blurRegions.size()) {
+    if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0 || layer.blurRegions.size()) {
         // return false if the content is opaque and would therefore occlude the blur
-        const bool opaqueContent = !layer->source.buffer.buffer || layer->source.buffer.isOpaque;
-        const bool opaqueAlpha = layer->alpha == 1.0f && !colorTransformModifiesAlpha;
-        return layer->skipContentDraw || !(opaqueContent && opaqueAlpha);
+        const bool opaqueContent = !layer.source.buffer.buffer || layer.source.buffer.isOpaque;
+        const bool opaqueAlpha = layer.alpha == 1.0f && !colorTransformModifiesAlpha;
+        return layer.skipContentDraw || !(opaqueContent && opaqueAlpha);
     }
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index e010c35..74ce651 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
     void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
                             const DisplaySettings& display,
-                            const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
                             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                             const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     inline SkRect getSkRect(const Rect& layer);
     inline std::pair<SkRRect, SkRRect> getBoundsAndClip(const FloatRect& bounds,
                                                         const FloatRect& crop, float cornerRadius);
-    inline bool layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings* layer, bool colorTransformModifiesAlpha);
+    inline bool layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings& layer, bool colorTransformModifiesAlpha);
     inline SkColor getSkColor(const vec4& color);
     inline SkM44 getSkM44(const mat4& matrix);
     inline SkPoint3 getSkPoint3(const vec3& vector);
@@ -108,8 +108,7 @@
                     const ShadowSettings& shadowSettings);
     // If requiresLinearEffect is true or the layer has a stretchEffect a new shader is returned.
     // Otherwise it returns the input shader.
-    sk_sp<SkShader> createRuntimeEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
-                                              const LayerSettings* layer,
+    sk_sp<SkShader> createRuntimeEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader, const LayerSettings& layer,
                                               const DisplaySettings& display,
                                               bool undoPremultipliedAlpha,
                                               bool requiresLinearEffect);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
index f61653b..eb65e83 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 
     virtual void drawLayersInternal(
             const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
-            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
             base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override {
         resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index 694bda6..c2c05f4 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -417,10 +417,11 @@
                     DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT - DEFAULT_DISPLAY_OFFSET);
     }
 
-    void invokeDraw(renderengine::DisplaySettings settings,
-                    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers) {
+    void invokeDraw(const renderengine::DisplaySettings& settings,
+                    const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers) {
         std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
                 mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd());
+
         ASSERT_TRUE(result.valid());
         auto [status, fence] = result.get();
 
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@
 
     void drawEmptyLayers() {
         renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
-        std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+        std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
         invokeDraw(settings, layers);
     }
 
@@ -629,7 +630,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -637,7 +638,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, r, g, b, this);
     layer.alpha = a;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -673,7 +674,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = offsetRect();
     settings.clip = offsetRectAtZero();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -681,7 +682,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
 
@@ -708,7 +709,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(2, 2);
     settings.orientation = orientationFlag;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layerOne;
     layerOne.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -731,9 +732,9 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layerThree, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, this);
     layerThree.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layerOne);
-    layers.push_back(&layerTwo);
-    layers.push_back(&layerThree);
+    layers.push_back(layerOne);
+    layers.push_back(layerTwo);
+    layers.push_back(layerThree);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -810,7 +811,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(2, 2);
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -821,7 +822,7 @@
     layer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -843,7 +844,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -860,7 +861,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -877,7 +878,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
@@ -890,7 +891,7 @@
 
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -908,7 +909,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -918,7 +919,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -949,14 +950,14 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings backgroundLayer;
     backgroundLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     backgroundLayer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     SourceVariant::fillColor(backgroundLayer, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, this);
     backgroundLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&backgroundLayer);
+    layers.emplace_back(backgroundLayer);
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings leftLayer;
     leftLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -964,7 +965,7 @@
             Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT).toFloatRect();
     SourceVariant::fillColor(leftLayer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     leftLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&leftLayer);
+    layers.emplace_back(leftLayer);
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings blurLayer;
     blurLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -972,7 +973,7 @@
     blurLayer.backgroundBlurRadius = blurRadius;
     SourceVariant::fillColor(blurLayer, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, this);
     blurLayer.alpha = 0;
-    layers.push_back(&blurLayer);
+    layers.emplace_back(blurLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -994,14 +995,14 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings backgroundLayer;
     backgroundLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     backgroundLayer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     SourceVariant::fillColor(backgroundLayer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     backgroundLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&backgroundLayer);
+    layers.push_back(backgroundLayer);
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings blurLayer;
     blurLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1009,7 +1010,7 @@
     blurLayer.backgroundBlurRadius = blurRadius;
     SourceVariant::fillColor(blurLayer, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, this);
     blurLayer.alpha = 0;
-    layers.push_back(&blurLayer);
+    layers.push_back(blurLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1026,7 +1027,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layersFirst;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layersFirst;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layerOne;
     layerOne.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1035,14 +1036,14 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layerOne, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layerOne.alpha = 0.2;
 
-    layersFirst.push_back(&layerOne);
+    layersFirst.push_back(layerOne);
     invokeDraw(settings, layersFirst);
     expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3), 51, 0, 0, 51);
     expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3 + 1, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3 + 1,
                            DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                       0, 0, 0, 0);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layersSecond;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layersSecond;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layerTwo;
     layerTwo.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     layerTwo.geometry.boundaries =
@@ -1051,7 +1052,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layerTwo, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layerTwo.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layersSecond.push_back(&layerTwo);
+    layersSecond.push_back(layerTwo);
     invokeDraw(settings, layersSecond);
 
     expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3), 0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -1066,7 +1067,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1102,7 +1103,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1118,7 +1119,7 @@
     // Here logical space is 1x1
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     const auto buf = allocateSourceBuffer(1, 1);
@@ -1141,7 +1142,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 0.5f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1157,7 +1158,7 @@
     // Here logical space is 1x1
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     const auto buf = allocateSourceBuffer(1, 1);
@@ -1180,7 +1181,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 0.5f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1199,7 +1200,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     // add background layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings bgLayer;
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
     ColorSourceVariant::fillColor(bgLayer, backgroundColor.r / 255.0f, backgroundColor.g / 255.0f,
                                   backgroundColor.b / 255.0f, this);
     bgLayer.alpha = backgroundColor.a / 255.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&bgLayer);
+    layers.push_back(bgLayer);
 
     // add shadow layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings shadowLayer;
@@ -1216,14 +1217,14 @@
     shadowLayer.geometry.boundaries = castingLayer.geometry.boundaries;
     shadowLayer.alpha = castingLayer.alpha;
     shadowLayer.shadow = shadow;
-    layers.push_back(&shadowLayer);
+    layers.push_back(shadowLayer);
 
     // add layer casting the shadow
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer = castingLayer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, casterColor.r / 255.0f, casterColor.g / 255.0f,
                              casterColor.b / 255.0f, this);
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1236,7 +1237,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     // add background layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings bgLayer;
@@ -1245,7 +1246,7 @@
     ColorSourceVariant::fillColor(bgLayer, backgroundColor.r / 255.0f, backgroundColor.g / 255.0f,
                                   backgroundColor.b / 255.0f, this);
     bgLayer.alpha = backgroundColor.a / 255.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&bgLayer);
+    layers.push_back(bgLayer);
 
     // add shadow layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings shadowLayer;
@@ -1255,7 +1256,7 @@
     shadowLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
     ColorSourceVariant::fillColor(shadowLayer, 0, 0, 0, this);
     shadowLayer.shadow = shadow;
-    layers.push_back(&shadowLayer);
+    layers.push_back(shadowLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1291,8 +1292,8 @@
     // Transform the red color.
     bgLayer.colorTransform = mat4(-1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
-    layers.push_back(&bgLayer);
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
+    layers.push_back(bgLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1306,11 +1307,11 @@
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
     std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
             mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, nullptr, true, base::unique_fd());
 
@@ -1335,12 +1336,12 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0;
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
             mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, false, base::unique_fd());
@@ -1743,12 +1744,12 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0;
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> resultOne =
             mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd());
@@ -1779,7 +1780,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings redLayer;
     redLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1790,7 +1791,7 @@
     redLayer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     redLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&redLayer);
+    layers.push_back(redLayer);
 
     // Green layer with 1/3 size.
     renderengine::LayerSettings greenLayer;
@@ -1805,7 +1806,7 @@
     greenLayer.source.solidColor = half3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
     greenLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&greenLayer);
+    layers.push_back(greenLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1828,7 +1829,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings redLayer;
     redLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1839,7 +1840,7 @@
     redLayer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     redLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&redLayer);
+    layers.push_back(redLayer);
 
     // Green layer with 1/2 size with parent crop rect.
     renderengine::LayerSettings greenLayer = redLayer;
@@ -1847,7 +1848,7 @@
             FloatRect(0, 0, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2);
     greenLayer.source.solidColor = half3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 
-    layers.push_back(&greenLayer);
+    layers.push_back(greenLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1873,7 +1874,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings redLayer;
     redLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1884,7 +1885,7 @@
     redLayer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     redLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&redLayer);
+    layers.push_back(redLayer);
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
     // Due to roundedCornersRadius, the top corners are untouched.
@@ -1923,7 +1924,7 @@
             .disableBlending = true,
     };
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers{&redLayer, &clearLayer};
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{redLayer, clearLayer};
     invokeDraw(display, layers);
     expectBufferColor(rect, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 }
@@ -1971,7 +1972,7 @@
             .disableBlending = true,
     };
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers{&redLayer, &greenLayer};
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{redLayer, greenLayer};
     invokeDraw(display, layers);
     expectBufferColor(rect, 0, 128, 0, 128);
 }
@@ -2017,7 +2018,7 @@
             .alpha = 1.0f,
     };
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers{&greenLayer};
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{greenLayer};
     invokeDraw(display, layers);
 
     if (GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
index 99250c1..db7e12b 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -172,20 +172,21 @@
 
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, drawLayers) {
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = std::make_shared<
             renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), *mRenderEngine,
                                            renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
                                                    renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+
     base::unique_fd bufferFence;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, drawLayersInternal)
             .WillOnce([&](const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>>&&
                                   resultPromise,
                           const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                          const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                          const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                           const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                          base::unique_fd &&) -> void {
+                          base::unique_fd&&) -> void {
                 resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
             });
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
index a549672..3d446e8 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
 
 void RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayersInternal(
         const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
-        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
         const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
@@ -314,19 +314,20 @@
 }
 
 std::future<RenderEngineResult> RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayers(
-        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
         const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     const auto resultPromise = std::make_shared<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>();
     std::future<RenderEngineResult> resultFuture = resultPromise->get_future();
+    int fd = bufferFence.release();
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
-        mFunctionCalls.push([resultPromise, &display, &layers, &buffer, useFramebufferCache,
-                             &bufferFence](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+        mFunctionCalls.push([resultPromise, display, layers, buffer, useFramebufferCache,
+                             fd](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
             ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::drawLayers");
             instance.drawLayersInternal(std::move(resultPromise), display, layers, buffer,
-                                        useFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence));
+                                        useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd(fd));
         });
     }
     mCondition.notify_one();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
index 2303caa..0159cfa 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
     void cleanupPostRender() override;
 
     std::future<RenderEngineResult> drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                                               const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                                               const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
                                                const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                                                const bool useFramebufferCache,
                                                base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
     void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
                             const DisplaySettings& display,
-                            const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
                             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                             const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp b/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
index 80f6c82..8ac08fb 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
@@ -634,6 +634,12 @@
                outSmpte2094_40);
 }
 
+status_t Gralloc4Mapper::getSmpte2094_10(
+        buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) const {
+    return get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10,
+               outSmpte2094_10);
+}
+
 template <class T>
 status_t Gralloc4Mapper::getDefault(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                     uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp b/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp
index d20bd7a..82d6cd5 100644
--- a/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp
@@ -301,6 +301,11 @@
     return mMapper->getSmpte2094_40(bufferHandle, outSmpte2094_40);
 }
 
+status_t GraphicBufferMapper::getSmpte2094_10(
+        buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) {
+    return mMapper->getSmpte2094_10(bufferHandle, outSmpte2094_10);
+}
+
 status_t GraphicBufferMapper::getDefaultPixelFormatFourCC(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                                           PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount,
                                                           uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h
index e199648..753b0a6 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h
@@ -178,6 +178,11 @@
             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* /*outSmpte2094_40*/) const {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
+    virtual status_t getSmpte2094_10(
+            buffer_handle_t /*bufferHandle*/,
+            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* /*outSmpte2094_10*/) const {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
 
     virtual status_t getDefaultPixelFormatFourCC(uint32_t /*width*/, uint32_t /*height*/,
                                                  PixelFormat /*format*/, uint32_t /*layerCount*/,
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h
index 4729cba..62f9e4a 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@
                          std::optional<ui::Cta861_3>* outCta861_3) const override;
     status_t getSmpte2094_40(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
                              std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_40) const override;
+    status_t getSmpte2094_10(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
+                             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) const override;
 
     status_t getDefaultPixelFormatFourCC(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                          uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h
index 837e3d8..257c155 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h
@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@
     status_t getCta861_3(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, std::optional<ui::Cta861_3>* outCta861_3);
     status_t getSmpte2094_40(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
                              std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_40);
+    status_t getSmpte2094_10(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
+                             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10);
 
     /**
      * Gets the default metadata for a gralloc buffer allocated with the given parameters.
diff --git a/libs/vibrator/OWNERS b/libs/vibrator/OWNERS
index 0997e9f..d073e2b 100644
--- a/libs/vibrator/OWNERS
+++ b/libs/vibrator/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-lsandrade@google.com
-michaelwr@google.com
+include platform/frameworks/base:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vibrator/OWNERS
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index bf848af..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-sourceFiles = [
-    "acquired_buffer.cpp",
-    "epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp",
-    "display_manager_service.cpp",
-    "display_service.cpp",
-    "display_surface.cpp",
-    "hardware_composer.cpp",
-    "vr_flinger.cpp",
-]
-
-includeFiles = [ "include" ]
-
-staticLibraries = [
-    "libdisplay",
-    "libdvrcommon",
-    "libperformance",
-    "libvrsensor",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-    "libvr_manager",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-]
-
-sharedLibraries = [
-    "android.frameworks.vr.composer@2.0",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbase",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "liblog",
-    "libhardware",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libprocessgroup",
-    "libutils",
-    "libEGL",
-    "libGLESv1_CM",
-    "libGLESv2",
-    "libvulkan",
-    "libui",
-    "libgui",
-    "libsync",
-    "libhidlbase",
-    "libfmq",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-headerLibraries = [
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
-    "libdvr_headers",
-    "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
-]
-
-cc_library_static {
-    srcs: sourceFiles,
-    export_include_dirs: includeFiles,
-
-    clang: true,
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"vr_flinger\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-DATRACE_TAG=ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS",
-        "-DGL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
-        "-DEGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-error=sign-compare", // to fix later
-        "-Wno-unused-variable",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
-    whole_static_libs: staticLibraries,
-    header_libs: headerLibraries,
-    name: "libvrflinger",
-}
-
-subdirs = [
-    "tests",
-]
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c360dee..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sync/sync.h>
-
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                               LocalHandle acquire_fence, std::size_t slot)
-    : buffer_(buffer), acquire_fence_(std::move(acquire_fence)), slot_(slot) {}
-
-AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                               int* error) {
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  const int ret = buffer->Acquire(&fence);
-
-  if (error)
-    *error = ret;
-
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGW("AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer: Failed to acquire buffer: %s",
-          strerror(-ret));
-    buffer_ = nullptr;
-    // Default construct sets acquire_fence_ to empty.
-  } else {
-    buffer_ = buffer;
-    acquire_fence_ = std::move(fence);
-  }
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept {
-  *this = std::move(other);
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer::~AcquiredBuffer() { Release(LocalHandle(kEmptyFence)); }
-
-AcquiredBuffer& AcquiredBuffer::operator=(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept {
-  if (this != &other) {
-    Release();
-
-    using std::swap;
-    swap(buffer_, other.buffer_);
-    swap(acquire_fence_, other.acquire_fence_);
-    swap(slot_, other.slot_);
-  }
-  return *this;
-}
-
-bool AcquiredBuffer::IsAvailable() const {
-  if (IsEmpty())
-    return false;
-
-  // Only check the fence if the acquire fence is not empty.
-  if (acquire_fence_) {
-    const int ret = sync_wait(acquire_fence_.Get(), 0);
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE || (ret < 0 && errno != ETIME),
-             "AcquiredBuffer::IsAvailable: buffer_id=%d acquire_fence=%d "
-             "sync_wait()=%d errno=%d.",
-             buffer_->id(), acquire_fence_.Get(), ret, ret < 0 ? errno : 0);
-    if (ret == 0) {
-      // The fence is completed, so to avoid further calls to sync_wait we close
-      // it here.
-      acquire_fence_.Close();
-    }
-    return ret == 0;
-  } else {
-    return true;
-  }
-}
-
-LocalHandle AcquiredBuffer::ClaimAcquireFence() {
-  return std::move(acquire_fence_);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> AcquiredBuffer::ClaimBuffer() {
-  return std::move(buffer_);
-}
-
-int AcquiredBuffer::Release(LocalHandle release_fence) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "AcquiredBuffer::Release: buffer_id=%d release_fence=%d",
-           buffer_ ? buffer_->id() : -1, release_fence.Get());
-  if (buffer_) {
-    const int ret = buffer_->ReleaseAsync();
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      ALOGE("AcquiredBuffer::Release: Failed to release buffer %d: %s",
-            buffer_->id(), strerror(-ret));
-      if (ret != -ESHUTDOWN)
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    buffer_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  acquire_fence_.Close();
-  slot_ = 0;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7643e75..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_ACQUIRED_BUFFER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_ACQUIRED_BUFFER_H_
-
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// Manages the ACQUIRE/RELEASE ownership cycle of a ConsumerBuffer.
-class AcquiredBuffer {
- public:
-  static constexpr int kEmptyFence = pdx::LocalHandle::kEmptyFileHandle;
-
-  AcquiredBuffer() : buffer_(nullptr), acquire_fence_(kEmptyFence) {}
-
-  // Constructs an AcquiredBuffer from a ConsumerBuffer pointer and an acquire
-  // fence. The ConsumerBuffer MUST be in the ACQUIRED state prior to calling
-  // this constructor; the constructor does not attempt to ACQUIRE the buffer
-  // itself.
-  AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                 pdx::LocalHandle acquire_fence, std::size_t slot = 0);
-
-  // Constructs an AcquiredBuffer from a ConsumerBuffer. The ConsumerBuffer MUST
-  // be in the POSTED state prior to calling this constructor, as this
-  // constructor attempts to ACQUIRE the buffer. If ACQUIRING the buffer fails
-  // this instance is left in the empty state. An optional error code is
-  // returned in |error|, which may be nullptr if not needed.
-  AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer, int* error);
-
-  // Move constructor. Behaves similarly to the move assignment operator below.
-  AcquiredBuffer(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept;
-
-  ~AcquiredBuffer();
-
-  // Move assignment operator. Moves the ConsumerBuffer and acquire fence from
-  // |other| into this instance after RELEASING the current ConsumerBuffer and
-  // closing the acquire fence. After the move |other| is left in the empty
-  // state.
-  AcquiredBuffer& operator=(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept;
-
-  // Accessors for the underlying ConsumerBuffer, the acquire fence, and the
-  // use-case specific sequence value from the acquisition (see
-  // private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h).
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> buffer() const { return buffer_; }
-  int acquire_fence() const { return acquire_fence_.Get(); }
-
-  // When non-empty, returns true if the acquired fence was signaled (or if the
-  // fence is empty). Returns false when empty or if the fence is not signaled.
-  bool IsAvailable() const;
-
-  bool IsEmpty() const { return buffer_ == nullptr; }
-
-  // Returns the acquire fence, passing ownership to the caller.
-  pdx::LocalHandle ClaimAcquireFence();
-
-  // Returns the buffer, passing ownership to the caller. Caller is responsible
-  // for calling Release on the returned buffer.
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> ClaimBuffer();
-
-  // Releases the ConsumerBuffer, passing the release fence in |release_fence|
-  // to the producer. On success, the ConsumerBuffer and acquire fence are set
-  // to empty state; if release fails, the ConsumerBuffer and acquire fence are
-  // left in place and a negative error code is returned.
-  int Release(pdx::LocalHandle release_fence = {});
-
-  // Returns the slot in the queue this buffer belongs to. Buffers that are not
-  // part of a queue return 0.
-  std::size_t slot() const { return slot_; }
-
- private:
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> buffer_;
-  // Mutable so that the fence can be closed when it is determined to be
-  // signaled during IsAvailable().
-  mutable pdx::LocalHandle acquire_fence_;
-  std::size_t slot_{0};
-
-  AcquiredBuffer(const AcquiredBuffer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const AcquiredBuffer&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_ACQUIRED_BUFFER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 34b3b0a..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#include "display_manager_service.h"
-
-#include <pdx/channel_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/service_endpoint.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <private/dvr/trusted_uids.h>
-#include <sys/poll.h>
-
-#include <array>
-
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayManagerProtocol;
-using android::pdx::Channel;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Message;
-using android::pdx::default_transport::Endpoint;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::rpc::DispatchRemoteMethod;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-using android::pdx::rpc::RemoteMethodError;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-void DisplayManager::SetNotificationsPending(bool pending) {
-  auto status = service_->ModifyChannelEvents(channel_id_, pending ? 0 : POLLIN,
-                                              pending ? POLLIN : 0);
-  ALOGE_IF(!status,
-           "DisplayManager::SetNotificationPending: Failed to modify channel "
-           "events: %s",
-           status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-}
-
-DisplayManagerService::DisplayManagerService(
-    const std::shared_ptr<DisplayService>& display_service)
-    : BASE("DisplayManagerService",
-           Endpoint::Create(DisplayManagerProtocol::kClientPath)),
-      display_service_(display_service) {
-  display_service_->SetDisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier(
-      std::bind(&DisplayManagerService::OnDisplaySurfaceChange, this));
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel> DisplayManagerService::OnChannelOpen(
-    pdx::Message& message) {
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-  const bool trusted = user_id == AID_ROOT || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-
-  // Check if the display_manager_ has a defunct channel.
-  if (display_manager_ && !HasChannelId(display_manager_->channel_id())) {
-    ALOGE("DisplayManagerService::OnChannelOpen: Found defunct channel %d with "
-          "no OnChannelClose, clearing prior display manager.",
-          display_manager_->channel_id());
-    display_manager_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  // Prevent more than one display manager from registering at a time or
-  // untrusted UIDs from connecting.
-  if (display_manager_ || !trusted) {
-    RemoteMethodError(message, EPERM);
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  display_manager_ =
-      std::make_shared<DisplayManager>(this, message.GetChannelId());
-  return display_manager_;
-}
-
-void DisplayManagerService::OnChannelClose(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, const std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel>& channel) {
-  // Unregister the display manager when the channel closes.
-  if (display_manager_ == channel)
-    display_manager_ = nullptr;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayManagerService::HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("DisplayManagerService::HandleMessage");
-  auto channel = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplayManager>(message.GetChannel());
-
-  switch (message.GetOp()) {
-    case DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceState::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceState>(
-          *this, &DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceState, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceQueue::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceQueue>(
-          *this, &DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceQueue, message);
-      return {};
-
-    default:
-      return Service::DefaultHandleMessage(message);
-  }
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::vector<display::SurfaceState>>
-DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceState(pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  std::vector<display::SurfaceState> items;
-
-  display_service_->ForEachDisplaySurface(
-      SurfaceType::Application,
-      [&items](const std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>& surface) mutable {
-        items.push_back({surface->surface_id(), surface->process_id(),
-                         surface->user_id(), surface->attributes(),
-                         surface->update_flags(), surface->GetQueueIds()});
-        surface->ClearUpdate();
-      });
-
-  // The fact that we're in the message handler implies that display_manager_ is
-  // not nullptr. No check required, unless this service becomes multi-threaded.
-  display_manager_->SetNotificationsPending(false);
-  return items;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceQueue(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, int surface_id, int queue_id) {
-  auto surface = display_service_->GetDisplaySurface(surface_id);
-  if (!surface || surface->surface_type() != SurfaceType::Application)
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-
-  auto queue =
-      std::static_pointer_cast<ApplicationDisplaySurface>(surface)->GetQueue(
-          queue_id);
-  if (!queue)
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-
-  auto status = queue->CreateConsumerQueueHandle();
-  ALOGE_IF(
-      !status,
-      "DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceQueue: Failed to create consumer "
-      "queue for queue_id=%d: %s",
-      queue->id(), status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-
-  return status;
-}
-
-void DisplayManagerService::OnDisplaySurfaceChange() {
-  if (display_manager_)
-    display_manager_->SetNotificationsPending(true);
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3133fe1..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_VRFLINGER_DISPLAY_MANAGER_SERVICE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_VRFLINGER_DISPLAY_MANAGER_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <pdx/service.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-#include "display_service.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class DisplayManagerService;
-
-// The display manager is a client of the display manager service. This class
-// represents the connected client that the display manager service sends
-// notifications to.
-class DisplayManager : public pdx::Channel {
- public:
-  DisplayManager(DisplayManagerService* service, int channel_id)
-      : service_(service), channel_id_(channel_id) {}
-
-  int channel_id() const { return channel_id_; }
-
-  // Sets or clears the channel event mask to indicate pending events that the
-  // display manager on the other end of the channel should read and handle.
-  // When |pending| is true the POLLIN bit is set in the event mask; when
-  // |pending| is false the POLLIN bit is cleared in the event mask.
-  void SetNotificationsPending(bool pending);
-
- private:
-  DisplayManager(const DisplayManager&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayManager&) = delete;
-
-  DisplayManagerService* service_;
-  int channel_id_;
-};
-
-// The display manager service marshalls state and events from the display
-// service to the display manager.
-class DisplayManagerService : public pdx::ServiceBase<DisplayManagerService> {
- public:
-  std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel> OnChannelOpen(pdx::Message& message) override;
-  void OnChannelClose(pdx::Message& message,
-                      const std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel>& channel) override;
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) override;
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  explicit DisplayManagerService(
-      const std::shared_ptr<DisplayService>& display_service);
-
-  pdx::Status<std::vector<display::SurfaceState>> OnGetSurfaceState(
-      pdx::Message& message);
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnGetSurfaceQueue(pdx::Message& message,
-                                                         int surface_id,
-                                                         int queue_id);
-
-  // Called by the display service to indicate changes to display surfaces that
-  // the display manager should evaluate.
-  void OnDisplaySurfaceChange();
-
-  DisplayManagerService(const DisplayManagerService&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayManagerService&) = delete;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<DisplayService> display_service_;
-  std::shared_ptr<DisplayManager> display_manager_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_VRFLINGER_DISPLAY_MANAGER_SERVICE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 582fed3..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,437 +0,0 @@
-#include "display_service.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <dvr/dvr_display_types.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/service_endpoint.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/remote_method.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <private/dvr/numeric.h>
-#include <private/dvr/trusted_uids.h>
-#include <private/dvr/types.h>
-
-#include "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.h"
-
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayProtocol;
-using android::pdx::Channel;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::Message;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::default_transport::Endpoint;
-using android::pdx::rpc::DispatchRemoteMethod;
-
-namespace {
-
-const char kDvrLensMetricsProperty[] = "ro.dvr.lens_metrics";
-const char kDvrDeviceMetricsProperty[] = "ro.dvr.device_metrics";
-const char kDvrDeviceConfigProperty[] = "ro.dvr.device_configuration";
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-DisplayService::DisplayService(Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-                               hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                               RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback)
-    : BASE("DisplayService",
-           Endpoint::Create(display::DisplayProtocol::kClientPath)) {
-    hardware_composer_.Initialize(
-        hidl, primary_display_id, request_display_callback);
-}
-
-bool DisplayService::IsInitialized() const {
-  return BASE::IsInitialized() && hardware_composer_.IsInitialized();
-}
-
-std::string DisplayService::DumpState(size_t /*max_length*/) {
-  std::ostringstream stream;
-
-  auto surfaces = GetDisplaySurfaces();
-  std::sort(surfaces.begin(), surfaces.end(), [](const auto& a, const auto& b) {
-    return a->surface_id() < b->surface_id();
-  });
-
-  stream << "Application Surfaces:" << std::endl;
-
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-    if (surface->surface_type() == SurfaceType::Application) {
-      stream << "Surface " << count++ << ":";
-      stream << " surface_id=" << surface->surface_id()
-             << " process_id=" << surface->process_id()
-             << " user_id=" << surface->user_id()
-             << " visible=" << surface->visible()
-             << " z_order=" << surface->z_order();
-
-      stream << " queue_ids=";
-      auto queue_ids = surface->GetQueueIds();
-      std::sort(queue_ids.begin(), queue_ids.end());
-      for (int32_t id : queue_ids) {
-        if (id != queue_ids[0])
-          stream << ",";
-        stream << id;
-      }
-      stream << std::endl;
-    }
-  }
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  stream << "Direct Surfaces:" << std::endl;
-
-  count = 0;
-  for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-    if (surface->surface_type() == SurfaceType::Direct) {
-      stream << "Surface " << count++ << ":";
-      stream << " surface_id=" << surface->surface_id()
-             << " process_id=" << surface->process_id()
-             << " user_id=" << surface->user_id()
-             << " visible=" << surface->visible()
-             << " z_order=" << surface->z_order();
-
-      stream << " queue_ids=";
-      auto queue_ids = surface->GetQueueIds();
-      std::sort(queue_ids.begin(), queue_ids.end());
-      for (int32_t id : queue_ids) {
-        if (id != queue_ids[0])
-          stream << ",";
-        stream << id;
-      }
-      stream << std::endl;
-    }
-  }
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  stream << hardware_composer_.Dump();
-  return stream.str();
-}
-
-void DisplayService::OnChannelClose(pdx::Message& message,
-                                    const std::shared_ptr<Channel>& channel) {
-  if (auto surface = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(channel)) {
-    surface->OnSetAttributes(message,
-                             {{display::SurfaceAttribute::Visible,
-                               display::SurfaceAttributeValue{false}}});
-  }
-}
-
-// First-level dispatch for display service messages. Directly handles messages
-// that are independent of the display surface (metrics, creation) and routes
-// surface-specific messages to the per-instance handlers.
-Status<void> DisplayService::HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::HandleMessage: opcode=%d", message.GetOp());
-  ATRACE_NAME("DisplayService::HandleMessage");
-
-  switch (message.GetOp()) {
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetMetrics::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetMetrics>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetMetrics, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetConfigurationData::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetConfigurationData>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetConfigurationData, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetDisplayIdentificationPort::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetDisplayIdentificationPort>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetDisplayIdentificationPort, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::CreateSurface::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::CreateSurface>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnCreateSurface, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::SetupGlobalBuffer::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::SetupGlobalBuffer>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnSetupGlobalBuffer, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::DeleteGlobalBuffer::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::DeleteGlobalBuffer>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnDeleteGlobalBuffer, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetGlobalBuffer::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetGlobalBuffer>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetGlobalBuffer, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::IsVrAppRunning::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::IsVrAppRunning>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::IsVrAppRunning, message);
-      return {};
-
-    // Direct the surface specific messages to the surface instance.
-    case DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes::Opcode:
-    case DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue::Opcode:
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo::Opcode:
-      return HandleSurfaceMessage(message);
-
-    default:
-      return Service::HandleMessage(message);
-  }
-}
-
-Status<display::Metrics> DisplayService::OnGetMetrics(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  const auto& params = hardware_composer_.GetPrimaryDisplayParams();
-  return {{static_cast<uint32_t>(params.width),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.height),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.dpi.x),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.dpi.y),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.vsync_period_ns),
-           0,
-           0,
-           0,
-           0.0,
-           {},
-           {}}};
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::string> DisplayService::OnGetConfigurationData(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, display::ConfigFileType config_type) {
-  std::string property_name;
-  DisplayIdentificationData display_identification_data;
-  switch (config_type) {
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kLensMetrics:
-      property_name = kDvrLensMetricsProperty;
-      break;
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceMetrics:
-      property_name = kDvrDeviceMetricsProperty;
-      break;
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceConfiguration:
-      property_name = kDvrDeviceConfigProperty;
-      break;
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceEdid:
-      display_identification_data =
-          hardware_composer_.GetCurrentDisplayIdentificationData();
-      if (display_identification_data.size() == 0) {
-        return ErrorStatus(ENOENT);
-      }
-      return std::string(display_identification_data.begin(),
-                         display_identification_data.end());
-    default:
-      return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-  std::string file_path = base::GetProperty(property_name, "");
-  if (file_path.empty()) {
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOENT);
-  }
-
-  std::string data;
-  if (!base::ReadFileToString(file_path, &data)) {
-    return ErrorStatus(errno);
-  }
-
-  return std::move(data);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<uint8_t> DisplayService::OnGetDisplayIdentificationPort(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  return hardware_composer_.GetCurrentDisplayPort();
-}
-
-// Creates a new DisplaySurface and associates it with this channel. This may
-// only be done once per channel.
-Status<display::SurfaceInfo> DisplayService::OnCreateSurface(
-    pdx::Message& message, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  // A surface may only be created once per channel.
-  if (message.GetChannel())
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-
-  ALOGI_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::OnCreateSurface: cid=%d",
-           message.GetChannelId());
-
-  // Use the channel id as the unique surface id.
-  const int surface_id = message.GetChannelId();
-  const int process_id = message.GetProcessId();
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-
-  ALOGI_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplayService::OnCreateSurface: surface_id=%d process_id=%d",
-           surface_id, process_id);
-
-  auto surface_status =
-      DisplaySurface::Create(this, surface_id, process_id, user_id, attributes);
-  if (!surface_status) {
-    ALOGE("DisplayService::OnCreateSurface: Failed to create surface: %s",
-          surface_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ErrorStatus(surface_status.error());
-  }
-  auto surface = surface_status.take();
-  message.SetChannel(surface);
-
-  // Update the surface with the attributes supplied with the create call. For
-  // application surfaces this has the side effect of notifying the display
-  // manager of the new surface. For direct surfaces, this may trigger a mode
-  // change, depending on the value of the visible attribute.
-  surface->OnSetAttributes(message, attributes);
-
-  return {{surface->surface_id(), surface->visible(), surface->z_order()}};
-}
-
-void DisplayService::SurfaceUpdated(SurfaceType surface_type,
-                                    display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::SurfaceUpdated: update_flags=%x",
-           update_flags.value());
-  if (update_flags.value() != 0) {
-    if (surface_type == SurfaceType::Application)
-      NotifyDisplayConfigurationUpdate();
-    else
-      UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces();
-  }
-}
-
-pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> DisplayService::OnSetupGlobalBuffer(
-    pdx::Message& message, DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size,
-    uint64_t usage) {
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-  const bool trusted = user_id == AID_ROOT || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-
-  if (!trusted) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayService::OnSetupGlobalBuffer: Permission denied for user_id=%d",
-        user_id);
-    return ErrorStatus(EPERM);
-  }
-  return SetupGlobalBuffer(key, size, usage);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayService::OnDeleteGlobalBuffer(pdx::Message& message,
-                                                       DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-  const bool trusted = (user_id == AID_ROOT) || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-
-  if (!trusted) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayService::OnDeleteGlobalBuffer: Permission denied for "
-        "user_id=%d",
-        user_id);
-    return ErrorStatus(EPERM);
-  }
-  return DeleteGlobalBuffer(key);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> DisplayService::OnGetGlobalBuffer(
-    pdx::Message& /* message */, DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::OnGetGlobalBuffer: key=%d", key);
-  auto global_buffer = global_buffers_.find(key);
-  if (global_buffer != global_buffers_.end())
-    return {BorrowedNativeBufferHandle(*global_buffer->second, 0)};
-  else
-    return pdx::ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-}
-
-// Calls the message handler for the DisplaySurface associated with this
-// channel.
-Status<void> DisplayService::HandleSurfaceMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  auto surface = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(message.GetChannel());
-  ALOGW_IF(!surface,
-           "DisplayService::HandleSurfaceMessage: surface is nullptr!");
-
-  if (surface)
-    return surface->HandleMessage(message);
-  else
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface> DisplayService::GetDisplaySurface(
-    int surface_id) const {
-  return std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(GetChannel(surface_id));
-}
-
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>>
-DisplayService::GetDisplaySurfaces() const {
-  return GetChannels<DisplaySurface>();
-}
-
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>>
-DisplayService::GetVisibleDisplaySurfaces() const {
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> visible_surfaces;
-
-  ForEachDisplaySurface(
-      SurfaceType::Direct,
-      [&](const std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>& surface) mutable {
-        if (surface->visible()) {
-          visible_surfaces.push_back(
-              std::static_pointer_cast<DirectDisplaySurface>(surface));
-          surface->ClearUpdate();
-        }
-      });
-
-  return visible_surfaces;
-}
-
-void DisplayService::UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces() {
-  auto visible_surfaces = GetVisibleDisplaySurfaces();
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplayService::UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces: %zd visible surfaces",
-           visible_surfaces.size());
-  hardware_composer_.SetDisplaySurfaces(std::move(visible_surfaces));
-}
-
-pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> DisplayService::SetupGlobalBuffer(
-    DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size, uint64_t usage) {
-  auto global_buffer = global_buffers_.find(key);
-  if (global_buffer == global_buffers_.end()) {
-    auto ion_buffer = std::make_unique<IonBuffer>(static_cast<int>(size), 1,
-                                                  HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB, usage);
-
-    // Some buffers are used internally. If they were configured with an
-    // invalid size or format, this will fail.
-    int result = hardware_composer_.OnNewGlobalBuffer(key, *ion_buffer.get());
-    if (result < 0)
-      return ErrorStatus(result);
-    global_buffer =
-        global_buffers_.insert(std::make_pair(key, std::move(ion_buffer)))
-            .first;
-  }
-
-  return {BorrowedNativeBufferHandle(*global_buffer->second, 0)};
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayService::DeleteGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  auto global_buffer = global_buffers_.find(key);
-  if (global_buffer != global_buffers_.end()) {
-    // Some buffers are used internally.
-    hardware_composer_.OnDeletedGlobalBuffer(key);
-    global_buffers_.erase(global_buffer);
-  }
-
-  return {0};
-}
-
-void DisplayService::SetDisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier(
-    DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier update_notifier) {
-  update_notifier_ = update_notifier;
-}
-
-void DisplayService::NotifyDisplayConfigurationUpdate() {
-  if (update_notifier_)
-    update_notifier_();
-}
-
-Status<bool> DisplayService::IsVrAppRunning(pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  bool visible = false;
-  ForEachDisplaySurface(
-      SurfaceType::Application,
-      [&visible](const std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>& surface) {
-        if (surface->visible())
-          visible = true;
-      });
-
-  return {visible};
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 89f1eae..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SERVICE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_api.h>
-#include <pdx/service.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-#include <private/dvr/bufferhub_rpc.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-#include "display_surface.h"
-#include "epoll_event_dispatcher.h"
-#include "hardware_composer.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// DisplayService implements the display service component of VrFlinger.
-class DisplayService : public pdx::ServiceBase<DisplayService> {
- public:
-  bool IsInitialized() const override;
-  std::string DumpState(size_t max_length) override;
-
-  void OnChannelClose(pdx::Message& message,
-                      const std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel>& channel) override;
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) override;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface> GetDisplaySurface(int surface_id) const;
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>> GetDisplaySurfaces() const;
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> GetVisibleDisplaySurfaces()
-      const;
-
-  // Updates the list of actively displayed surfaces. This must be called after
-  // any change to client/manager attributes that affect visibility or z order.
-  void UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces();
-
-  pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> SetupGlobalBuffer(
-      DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size, uint64_t usage);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> DeleteGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-
-  template <class A>
-  void ForEachDisplaySurface(SurfaceType surface_type, A action) const {
-    ForEachChannel([surface_type,
-                    action](const ChannelIterator::value_type& pair) mutable {
-      auto surface = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(pair.second);
-      if (surface->surface_type() == surface_type)
-        action(surface);
-    });
-  }
-
-  using DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier = std::function<void(void)>;
-  void SetDisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier(
-      DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier notifier);
-
-  void GrantDisplayOwnership() { hardware_composer_.Enable(); }
-  void SeizeDisplayOwnership() { hardware_composer_.Disable(); }
-  void OnBootFinished() { hardware_composer_.OnBootFinished(); }
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-  friend DisplaySurface;
-
-  friend class VrDisplayStateService;
-
-  using RequestDisplayCallback = std::function<void(bool)>;
-
-  DisplayService(android::Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-                 hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                 RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-
-  pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> OnGetGlobalBuffer(
-      pdx::Message& message, DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-  pdx::Status<display::Metrics> OnGetMetrics(pdx::Message& message);
-  pdx::Status<std::string> OnGetConfigurationData(
-      pdx::Message& message, display::ConfigFileType config_type);
-  pdx::Status<uint8_t> OnGetDisplayIdentificationPort(pdx::Message& message);
-  pdx::Status<display::SurfaceInfo> OnCreateSurface(
-      pdx::Message& message, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-  pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> OnSetupGlobalBuffer(
-      pdx::Message& message, DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size,
-      uint64_t usage);
-  pdx::Status<void> OnDeleteGlobalBuffer(pdx::Message& message,
-                                         DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-
-  // Temporary query for current VR status. Will be removed later.
-  pdx::Status<bool> IsVrAppRunning(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> AddEventHandler(int fd, int events,
-                                    EpollEventDispatcher::Handler handler) {
-    return dispatcher_.AddEventHandler(fd, events, handler);
-  }
-  pdx::Status<void> RemoveEventHandler(int fd) {
-    return dispatcher_.RemoveEventHandler(fd);
-  }
-
-  void SurfaceUpdated(SurfaceType surface_type,
-                      display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags);
-
-  // Called by DisplaySurface to signal that a surface property has changed and
-  // the display manager should be notified.
-  void NotifyDisplayConfigurationUpdate();
-
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleSurfaceMessage(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  HardwareComposer hardware_composer_;
-  EpollEventDispatcher dispatcher_;
-  DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier update_notifier_;
-
-  std::unordered_map<DvrGlobalBufferKey, std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer>>
-      global_buffers_;
-
-  DisplayService(const DisplayService&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayService&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SERVICE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 87c823e..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
-#include "display_surface.h"
-
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <private/dvr/trusted_uids.h>
-
-#include "display_service.h"
-#include "hardware_composer.h"
-
-#define LOCAL_TRACE 1
-
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayProtocol;
-using android::pdx::BorrowedChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::Message;
-using android::pdx::RemoteChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::rpc::DispatchRemoteMethod;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-DisplaySurface::DisplaySurface(DisplayService* service,
-                               SurfaceType surface_type, int surface_id,
-                               int process_id, int user_id)
-    : service_(service),
-      surface_type_(surface_type),
-      surface_id_(surface_id),
-      process_id_(process_id),
-      user_id_(user_id),
-      update_flags_(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::NewSurface) {}
-
-DisplaySurface::~DisplaySurface() {
-  ALOGD_IF(LOCAL_TRACE,
-           "DisplaySurface::~DisplaySurface: surface_id=%d process_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), process_id());
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  switch (message.GetOp()) {
-    case DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes>(
-          *this, &DisplaySurface::OnSetAttributes, message);
-      break;
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo>(
-          *this, &DisplaySurface::OnGetSurfaceInfo, message);
-      break;
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue>(
-          *this, &DisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue, message);
-      break;
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::OnSetAttributes(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags;
-
-  for (const auto& attribute : attributes) {
-    const auto key = attribute.first;
-    const auto* variant = &attribute.second;
-    bool invalid_value = false;
-    bool visibility_changed = false;
-
-    // Catch attributes that have significance to the display service.
-    switch (key) {
-      case display::SurfaceAttribute::ZOrder:
-        invalid_value = !IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, float>::Call(
-            variant, [&](const auto& value) {
-              if (z_order_ != value) {
-                visibility_changed = true;
-                z_order_ = value;
-              }
-            });
-        break;
-      case display::SurfaceAttribute::Visible:
-        invalid_value = !IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, bool>::Call(
-            variant, [&](const auto& value) {
-              if (visible_ != value) {
-                visibility_changed = true;
-                visible_ = value;
-              }
-            });
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Only update the attribute map with valid values. This check also has the
-    // effect of preventing special attributes handled above from being deleted
-    // by an empty value.
-    if (invalid_value) {
-      ALOGW(
-          "DisplaySurface::OnClientSetAttributes: Failed to set display "
-          "surface attribute '%d' because of incompatible type: %d",
-          key, variant->index());
-    } else {
-      // An empty value indicates the attribute should be deleted.
-      if (variant->empty()) {
-        auto search = attributes_.find(key);
-        if (search != attributes_.end())
-          attributes_.erase(search);
-      } else {
-        attributes_[key] = *variant;
-      }
-
-      // All attribute changes generate a notification, even if the value
-      // doesn't change. Visibility attributes set a flag only if the value
-      // changes.
-      update_flags.Set(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::AttributesChanged);
-      if (visibility_changed)
-        update_flags.Set(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::VisibilityChanged);
-    }
-  }
-
-  SurfaceUpdated(update_flags);
-  return {};
-}
-
-void DisplaySurface::SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplaySurface::SurfaceUpdated: surface_id=%d update_flags=0x%x",
-           surface_id(), update_flags.value());
-
-  update_flags_.Set(update_flags);
-  service()->SurfaceUpdated(surface_type(), update_flags_);
-}
-
-void DisplaySurface::ClearUpdate() {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE > 1, "DisplaySurface::ClearUpdate: surface_id=%d",
-           surface_id());
-  update_flags_ = display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::None;
-}
-
-Status<display::SurfaceInfo> DisplaySurface::OnGetSurfaceInfo(
-    Message& /*message*/) {
-  ALOGD_IF(
-      TRACE,
-      "DisplaySurface::OnGetSurfaceInfo: surface_id=%d visible=%d z_order=%d",
-      surface_id(), visible(), z_order());
-  return {{surface_id(), visible(), z_order()}};
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::RegisterQueue(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplaySurface::RegisterQueue: surface_id=%d queue_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), consumer_queue->id());
-  // Capture references for the lambda to work around apparent clang bug.
-  // TODO(eieio): Figure out if there is a clang bug or C++11 ambiguity when
-  // capturing self and consumer_queue by copy in the following case:
-  //    auto self = Self();
-  //    [self, consumer_queue](int events) {
-  //        self->OnQueueEvent(consuemr_queue, events); }
-  //
-  struct State {
-    std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface> surface;
-    std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> queue;
-  };
-  State state{Self(), consumer_queue};
-
-  return service()->AddEventHandler(
-      consumer_queue->queue_fd(), EPOLLIN | EPOLLHUP | EPOLLET,
-      [state](int events) {
-        state.surface->OnQueueEvent(state.queue, events);
-      });
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::UnregisterQueue(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplaySurface::UnregisterQueue: surface_id=%d queue_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), consumer_queue->id());
-  return service()->RemoveEventHandler(consumer_queue->queue_fd());
-}
-
-void DisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& /*consumer_queue*/, int /*events*/) {
-  ALOGE(
-      "DisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: ERROR base virtual method should not be "
-      "called!!!");
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> ApplicationDisplaySurface::GetQueue(
-    int32_t queue_id) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "ApplicationDisplaySurface::GetQueue: surface_id=%d queue_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), queue_id);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  auto search = consumer_queues_.find(queue_id);
-  if (search != consumer_queues_.end())
-    return search->second;
-  else
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-std::vector<int32_t> ApplicationDisplaySurface::GetQueueIds() const {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  std::vector<int32_t> queue_ids;
-  for (const auto& entry : consumer_queues_)
-    queue_ids.push_back(entry.first);
-  return queue_ids;
-}
-
-Status<LocalChannelHandle> ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue(
-    Message& /*message*/, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue");
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: surface_id=%d, "
-           "user_metadata_size=%zu",
-           surface_id(), config.user_metadata_size);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  auto producer = ProducerQueue::Create(config, UsagePolicy{});
-  if (!producer) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to create producer "
-        "queue!");
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> consumer =
-      producer->CreateSilentConsumerQueue();
-  auto status = RegisterQueue(consumer);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to register consumer "
-        "queue: %s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  consumer_queues_[consumer->id()] = std::move(consumer);
-
-  SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::BuffersChanged);
-  return std::move(producer->GetChannelHandle());
-}
-
-void ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue, int events) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: queue_id=%d events=%x",
-           consumer_queue->id(), events);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-
-  // Always give the queue a chance to handle its internal bookkeeping.
-  consumer_queue->HandleQueueEvents();
-
-  // Check for hangup and remove a queue that is no longer needed.
-  if (consumer_queue->hung_up()) {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: Removing queue.");
-    UnregisterQueue(consumer_queue);
-    auto search = consumer_queues_.find(consumer_queue->id());
-    if (search != consumer_queues_.end()) {
-      consumer_queues_.erase(search);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE(
-          "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: Failed to find queue_id=%d",
-          consumer_queue->id());
-    }
-    SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::BuffersChanged);
-  }
-}
-
-std::vector<int32_t> DirectDisplaySurface::GetQueueIds() const {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  std::vector<int32_t> queue_ids;
-  if (direct_queue_)
-    queue_ids.push_back(direct_queue_->id());
-  return queue_ids;
-}
-
-Status<LocalChannelHandle> DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue(
-    Message& /*message*/, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue");
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: surface_id=%d "
-           "user_metadata_size=%zu",
-           surface_id(), config.user_metadata_size);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  if (!direct_queue_) {
-    // Inject the hw composer usage flag to enable the display to read the
-    // buffers.
-    auto producer = ProducerQueue::Create(
-        config, UsagePolicy{GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER, 0, 0, 0});
-    if (!producer) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to create producer "
-          "queue!");
-      return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-    }
-
-    direct_queue_ = producer->CreateConsumerQueue();
-    if (direct_queue_->metadata_size() > 0) {
-      metadata_.reset(new uint8_t[direct_queue_->metadata_size()]);
-    }
-    auto status = RegisterQueue(direct_queue_);
-    if (!status) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to register consumer "
-          "queue: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      return status.error_status();
-    }
-
-    return std::move(producer->GetChannelHandle());
-  } else {
-    return ErrorStatus(EALREADY);
-  }
-}
-
-void DirectDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue, int events) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DirectDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: queue_id=%d events=%x",
-           consumer_queue->id(), events);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-
-  // Always give the queue a chance to handle its internal bookkeeping.
-  consumer_queue->HandleQueueEvents();
-
-  // Check for hangup and remove a queue that is no longer needed.
-  if (consumer_queue->hung_up()) {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DirectDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: Removing queue.");
-    UnregisterQueue(consumer_queue);
-    direct_queue_ = nullptr;
-  }
-}
-
-void DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked() {
-  if (direct_queue_ == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Consumer queue is not "
-        "initialized.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  while (true) {
-    LocalHandle acquire_fence;
-    size_t slot;
-    auto buffer_status = direct_queue_->Dequeue(
-        0, &slot, metadata_.get(),
-        direct_queue_->metadata_size(), &acquire_fence);
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-             "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Dequeue with metadata_size: %zu",
-             direct_queue_->metadata_size());
-    if (!buffer_status) {
-      ALOGD_IF(
-          TRACE > 1 && buffer_status.error() == ETIMEDOUT,
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: All buffers dequeued.");
-      ALOGE_IF(buffer_status.error() != ETIMEDOUT,
-               "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Failed to dequeue "
-               "buffer: %s",
-               buffer_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      return;
-    }
-    auto buffer_consumer = buffer_status.take();
-
-    if (!visible()) {
-      ATRACE_NAME("DropFrameOnInvisibleSurface");
-      ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-               "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Discarding "
-               "buffer_id=%d on invisible surface.",
-               buffer_consumer->id());
-      buffer_consumer->Discard();
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (acquired_buffers_.IsFull()) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Posted buffers full, "
-          "overwriting.");
-      acquired_buffers_.PopBack();
-    }
-
-    acquired_buffers_.Append(
-        AcquiredBuffer(buffer_consumer, std::move(acquire_fence), slot));
-  }
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireCurrentBuffer() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  if (acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty()) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireCurrentBuffer: attempt to acquire buffer "
-        "when none are posted.");
-    return AcquiredBuffer();
-  }
-  AcquiredBuffer buffer = std::move(acquired_buffers_.Front());
-  acquired_buffers_.PopFront();
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireCurrentBuffer: buffer_id=%d",
-           buffer.buffer()->id());
-  return buffer;
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireNewestAvailableBuffer(
-    AcquiredBuffer* skipped_buffer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  AcquiredBuffer buffer;
-  int frames = 0;
-  // Basic latency stopgap for when the application misses a frame:
-  // If the application recovers on the 2nd or 3rd (etc) frame after
-  // missing, this code will skip frames to catch up by checking if
-  // the next frame is also available.
-  while (!acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty() &&
-         acquired_buffers_.Front().IsAvailable()) {
-    // Capture the skipped buffer into the result parameter.
-    // Note that this API only supports skipping one buffer per vsync.
-    if (frames > 0 && skipped_buffer)
-      *skipped_buffer = std::move(buffer);
-    ++frames;
-    buffer = std::move(acquired_buffers_.Front());
-    acquired_buffers_.PopFront();
-    if (frames == 2)
-      break;
-  }
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireNewestAvailableBuffer: buffer_id=%d",
-           buffer.buffer()->id());
-  return buffer;
-}
-
-bool DirectDisplaySurface::IsBufferAvailable() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  return !acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty() &&
-         acquired_buffers_.Front().IsAvailable();
-}
-
-bool DirectDisplaySurface::IsBufferPosted() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  return !acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty();
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>> DisplaySurface::Create(
-    DisplayService* service, int surface_id, int process_id, int user_id,
-    const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  bool direct = false;
-  auto search = attributes.find(display::SurfaceAttribute::Direct);
-  if (search != attributes.end()) {
-    if (!IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, bool, float>::Get(&search->second,
-                                                     &direct)) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DisplaySurface::Create: Invalid type for SurfaceAttribute::Direct!");
-      return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-    }
-  }
-
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplaySurface::Create: surface_id=%d process_id=%d user_id=%d "
-           "direct=%d",
-           surface_id, process_id, user_id, direct);
-
-  if (direct) {
-    const bool trusted = user_id == AID_ROOT || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-    if (trusted) {
-      return {std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>{
-          new DirectDisplaySurface(service, surface_id, process_id, user_id)}};
-    } else {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DisplaySurface::Create: Direct surfaces may only be created by "
-          "trusted UIDs: user_id=%d",
-          user_id);
-      return ErrorStatus(EPERM);
-    }
-  } else {
-    return {std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>{new ApplicationDisplaySurface(
-        service, surface_id, process_id, user_id)}};
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c8b1a07..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H_
-
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/service.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <private/dvr/ring_buffer.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class DisplayService;
-
-enum class SurfaceType {
-  Direct,
-  Application,
-};
-
-class DisplaySurface : public pdx::Channel {
- public:
-  static pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>> Create(
-      DisplayService* service, int surface_id, int process_id, int user_id,
-      const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-
-  ~DisplaySurface() override;
-
-  DisplayService* service() const { return service_; }
-  SurfaceType surface_type() const { return surface_type_; }
-  int surface_id() const { return surface_id_; }
-  int process_id() const { return process_id_; }
-  int user_id() const { return user_id_; }
-
-  bool visible() const { return visible_; }
-  int z_order() const { return z_order_; }
-
-  const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes() const { return attributes_; }
-  display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags() const { return update_flags_; }
-
-  virtual std::vector<int32_t> GetQueueIds() const { return {}; }
-
-  bool IsUpdatePending() const {
-    return update_flags_.value() != display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::None;
-  }
-
- protected:
-  DisplaySurface(DisplayService* service, SurfaceType surface_type,
-                 int surface_id, int process_id, int user_id);
-
-  // Utility to retrieve a shared pointer to this channel as the desired derived
-  // type.
-  template <
-      typename T = DisplaySurface,
-      typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<DisplaySurface, T>::value>>
-  std::shared_ptr<T> Self() {
-    return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shared_from_this());
-  }
-
-  virtual pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnCreateQueue(
-      pdx::Message& message, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) = 0;
-
-  // Registers a consumer queue with the event dispatcher in DisplayService. The
-  // OnQueueEvent callback below is called to handle queue events.
-  pdx::Status<void> RegisterQueue(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue);
-  pdx::Status<void> UnregisterQueue(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue);
-
-  // Called by the event dispatcher in DisplayService when a registered queue
-  // event triggers. Executes on the event dispatcher thread.
-  virtual void OnQueueEvent(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue, int events);
-
-  void SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags);
-  void ClearUpdate();
-
-  // Synchronizes access to mutable state below between message dispatch thread
-  // and frame post thread.
-  mutable std::mutex lock_;
-
- private:
-  friend class DisplayService;
-  friend class DisplayManagerService;
-
-  // Dispatches display surface messages to the appropriate handlers. This
-  // handler runs on the VrFlinger message dispatch thread.
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> OnSetAttributes(
-      pdx::Message& message, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-  pdx::Status<display::SurfaceInfo> OnGetSurfaceInfo(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  DisplayService* service_;
-  SurfaceType surface_type_;
-  int surface_id_;
-  int process_id_;
-  int user_id_;
-
-  display::SurfaceAttributes attributes_;
-  display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags_ = display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::None;
-
-  // Subset of attributes that may be interpreted by the display service.
-  bool visible_ = false;
-  int z_order_ = 0;
-
-  DisplaySurface(const DisplaySurface&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplaySurface&) = delete;
-};
-
-class ApplicationDisplaySurface : public DisplaySurface {
- public:
-  ApplicationDisplaySurface(DisplayService* service, int surface_id,
-                            int process_id, int user_id)
-      : DisplaySurface(service, SurfaceType::Application, surface_id,
-                       process_id, user_id) {}
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> GetQueue(int32_t queue_id);
-  std::vector<int32_t> GetQueueIds() const override;
-
- private:
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnCreateQueue(
-      pdx::Message& message, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) override;
-  void OnQueueEvent(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue,
-                    int events) override;
-
-  // Accessed by both message dispatch thread and epoll event thread.
-  std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>> consumer_queues_;
-};
-
-class DirectDisplaySurface : public DisplaySurface {
- public:
-  DirectDisplaySurface(DisplayService* service, int surface_id, int process_id,
-                       int user_id)
-      : DisplaySurface(service, SurfaceType::Direct, surface_id, process_id,
-                       user_id),
-        acquired_buffers_(kMaxPostedBuffers),
-        metadata_(nullptr) {}
-  std::vector<int32_t> GetQueueIds() const override;
-  bool IsBufferAvailable();
-  bool IsBufferPosted();
-  AcquiredBuffer AcquireCurrentBuffer();
-
-  // Get the newest buffer. Up to one buffer will be skipped. If a buffer is
-  // skipped, it will be stored in skipped_buffer if non null.
-  AcquiredBuffer AcquireNewestAvailableBuffer(AcquiredBuffer* skipped_buffer);
-
- private:
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnCreateQueue(
-      pdx::Message& message, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) override;
-  void OnQueueEvent(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue,
-                    int events) override;
-
-  // The capacity of the pending buffer queue. Should be enough to hold all the
-  // buffers of this DisplaySurface, although in practice only 1 or 2 frames
-  // will be pending at a time.
-  static constexpr int kSurfaceBufferMaxCount = 4;
-  static constexpr int kSurfaceViewMaxCount = 4;
-  static constexpr int kMaxPostedBuffers =
-      kSurfaceBufferMaxCount * kSurfaceViewMaxCount;
-
-  // Returns whether a frame is available without locking the mutex.
-  bool IsFrameAvailableNoLock() const;
-
-  // Dequeue all available buffers from the consumer queue.
-  void DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  // In a triple-buffered surface, up to kMaxPostedBuffers buffers may be
-  // posted and pending.
-  RingBuffer<AcquiredBuffer> acquired_buffers_;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> direct_queue_;
-
-  // Stores metadata when it dequeue buffers from consumer queue.
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> metadata_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d5eb80..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#include "epoll_event_dispatcher.h"
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
-
-#include <dvr/performance_client_api.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-EpollEventDispatcher::EpollEventDispatcher() {
-  epoll_fd_.Reset(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
-  if (!epoll_fd_) {
-    ALOGE("Failed to create epoll fd: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  event_fd_.Reset(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK));
-  if (!event_fd_) {
-    ALOGE("Failed to create event for epolling: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Add watch for eventfd. This should only watch for EPOLLIN, which gets set
-  // when eventfd_write occurs. Use "this" as a unique sentinal value to
-  // identify events from the event fd.
-  epoll_event event = {.events = EPOLLIN, .data = {.ptr = this}};
-  if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_.Get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, event_fd_.Get(), &event) < 0) {
-    ALOGE("Failed to add eventfd to epoll set because: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  thread_ = std::thread(&EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread, this);
-}
-
-EpollEventDispatcher::~EpollEventDispatcher() { Stop(); }
-
-void EpollEventDispatcher::Stop() {
-  exit_thread_.store(true);
-  eventfd_write(event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> EpollEventDispatcher::AddEventHandler(int fd, int event_mask,
-                                                        Handler handler) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-
-  epoll_event event;
-  event.events = event_mask;
-  event.data.ptr = &(handlers_[fd] = handler);
-
-  ALOGD_IF(
-      TRACE,
-      "EpollEventDispatcher::AddEventHandler: fd=%d event_mask=0x%x handler=%p",
-      fd, event_mask, event.data.ptr);
-
-  if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_.Get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event) < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE("Failed to add fd to epoll set because: %s", strerror(error));
-    return pdx::ErrorStatus(error);
-  } else {
-    return {};
-  }
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> EpollEventDispatcher::RemoveEventHandler(int fd) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "EpollEventDispatcher::RemoveEventHandler: fd=%d", fd);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-
-  epoll_event ee;  // See BUGS in man 2 epoll_ctl.
-  if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_.Get(), EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, &ee) < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE("Failed to remove fd from epoll set because: %s", strerror(error));
-    return pdx::ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  // If the fd was valid above, add it to the list of ids to remove.
-  removed_handlers_.push_back(fd);
-
-  // Wake up the event thread to clean up.
-  eventfd_write(event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-void EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread() {
-  prctl(PR_SET_NAME, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>("VrEvent"), 0, 0, 0);
-
-  const int error = dvrSetSchedulerClass(0, "graphics");
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-      error < 0,
-      "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: Failed to set scheduler class: %s",
-      strerror(-error));
-
-  const size_t kMaxNumEvents = 128;
-  epoll_event events[kMaxNumEvents];
-
-  while (!exit_thread_.load()) {
-    const int num_events = epoll_wait(epoll_fd_.Get(), events, kMaxNumEvents, -1);
-    if (num_events < 0 && errno != EINTR)
-      break;
-
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE > 1, "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: num_events=%d",
-             num_events);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
-      ALOGD_IF(
-          TRACE > 1,
-          "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: event %d: handler=%p events=0x%x",
-          i, events[i].data.ptr, events[i].events);
-
-      if (events[i].data.ptr == this) {
-        // Clear pending event on event_fd_. Serialize the read with respect to
-        // writes from other threads.
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-        eventfd_t value;
-        eventfd_read(event_fd_.Get(), &value);
-      } else {
-        auto handler = reinterpret_cast<Handler*>(events[i].data.ptr);
-        if (handler)
-          (*handler)(events[i].events);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Remove any handlers that have been posted for removal. This is done here
-    // instead of in RemoveEventHandler() to prevent races between the dispatch
-    // thread and the code requesting the removal. Handlers are guaranteed to
-    // stay alive between exiting epoll_wait() and the dispatch loop above.
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-    for (auto handler_fd : removed_handlers_) {
-      ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-               "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: removing handler: fd=%d",
-               handler_fd);
-      handlers_.erase(handler_fd);
-    }
-    removed_handlers_.clear();
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.h
deleted file mode 100644
index eb687f4..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_EPOLL_EVENT_DISPATCHER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_EPOLL_EVENT_DISPATCHER_H_
-
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <functional>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <thread>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class EpollEventDispatcher {
- public:
-  // Function type for event handlers. The handler receives a bitmask of the
-  // epoll events that occurred on the file descriptor associated with the
-  // handler.
-  using Handler = std::function<void(int)>;
-
-  EpollEventDispatcher();
-  ~EpollEventDispatcher();
-
-  // |handler| is called on the internal dispatch thread when |fd| is signaled
-  // by events in |event_mask|.
-  pdx::Status<void> AddEventHandler(int fd, int event_mask, Handler handler);
-  pdx::Status<void> RemoveEventHandler(int fd);
-
-  void Stop();
-
- private:
-  void EventThread();
-
-  std::thread thread_;
-  std::atomic<bool> exit_thread_{false};
-
-  // Protects handlers_ and removed_handlers_ and serializes operations on
-  // epoll_fd_ and event_fd_.
-  std::mutex lock_;
-
-  // Maintains a map of fds to event handlers. This is primarily to keep any
-  // references alive that may be bound in the std::function instances. It is
-  // not used at dispatch time to avoid performance problems with different
-  // versions of std::unordered_map.
-  std::unordered_map<int, Handler> handlers_;
-
-  // List of fds to be removed from the map. The actual removal is performed
-  // by the event dispatch thread to avoid races.
-  std::vector<int> removed_handlers_;
-
-  pdx::LocalHandle epoll_fd_;
-  pdx::LocalHandle event_fd_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_EPOLL_EVENT_DISPATCHER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 70f303b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1541 +0,0 @@
-#include "hardware_composer.h"
-
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sync/sync.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-#include <sys/system_properties.h>
-#include <sys/timerfd.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <functional>
-#include <map>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <tuple>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_display_types.h>
-#include <dvr/performance_client_api.h>
-#include <private/dvr/clock_ns.h>
-#include <private/dvr/ion_buffer.h>
-
-using android::hardware::Return;
-using android::hardware::Void;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::rpc::EmptyVariant;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-namespace {
-
-const char kDvrPerformanceProperty[] = "sys.dvr.performance";
-
-const char kRightEyeOffsetProperty[] = "dvr.right_eye_offset_ns";
-
-// Surface flinger uses "VSYNC-sf" and "VSYNC-app" for its version of these
-// events. Name ours similarly.
-const char kVsyncTraceEventName[] = "VSYNC-vrflinger";
-
-// How long to wait after boot finishes before we turn the display off.
-constexpr int kBootFinishedDisplayOffTimeoutSec = 10;
-
-constexpr int kDefaultDisplayWidth = 1920;
-constexpr int kDefaultDisplayHeight = 1080;
-constexpr int64_t kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs = 16666667;
-// Hardware composer reports dpi as dots per thousand inches (dpi * 1000).
-constexpr int kDefaultDpi = 400000;
-
-// Get time offset from a vsync to when the pose for that vsync should be
-// predicted out to. For example, if scanout gets halfway through the frame
-// at the halfway point between vsyncs, then this could be half the period.
-// With global shutter displays, this should be changed to the offset to when
-// illumination begins. Low persistence adds a frame of latency, so we predict
-// to the center of the next frame.
-inline int64_t GetPosePredictionTimeOffset(int64_t vsync_period_ns) {
-  return (vsync_period_ns * 150) / 100;
-}
-
-// Attempts to set the scheduler class and partiton for the current thread.
-// Returns true on success or false on failure.
-bool SetThreadPolicy(const std::string& scheduler_class,
-                     const std::string& partition) {
-  int error = dvrSetSchedulerClass(0, scheduler_class.c_str());
-  if (error < 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "SetThreadPolicy: Failed to set scheduler class \"%s\" for "
-        "thread_id=%d: %s",
-        scheduler_class.c_str(), gettid(), strerror(-error));
-    return false;
-  }
-  error = dvrSetCpuPartition(0, partition.c_str());
-  if (error < 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "SetThreadPolicy: Failed to set cpu partiton \"%s\" for thread_id=%d: "
-        "%s",
-        partition.c_str(), gettid(), strerror(-error));
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Utility to generate scoped tracers with arguments.
-// TODO(eieio): Move/merge this into utils/Trace.h?
-class TraceArgs {
- public:
-  template <typename... Args>
-  explicit TraceArgs(const char* format, Args&&... args) {
-    std::array<char, 1024> buffer;
-    snprintf(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), format, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    atrace_begin(ATRACE_TAG, buffer.data());
-  }
-
-  ~TraceArgs() { atrace_end(ATRACE_TAG); }
-
- private:
-  TraceArgs(const TraceArgs&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const TraceArgs&) = delete;
-};
-
-// Macro to define a scoped tracer with arguments. Uses PASTE(x, y) macro
-// defined in utils/Trace.h.
-#define TRACE_FORMAT(format, ...) \
-  TraceArgs PASTE(__tracer, __LINE__) { format, ##__VA_ARGS__ }
-
-// Returns "primary" or "external". Useful for writing more readable logs.
-const char* GetDisplayName(bool is_primary) {
-  return is_primary ? "primary" : "external";
-}
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
-HardwareComposer::HardwareComposer()
-    : initialized_(false), request_display_callback_(nullptr) {}
-
-HardwareComposer::~HardwareComposer(void) {
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Quit, true);
-  if (post_thread_.joinable())
-    post_thread_.join();
-  composer_callback_->SetVsyncService(nullptr);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::UpdateEdidData(Hwc2::Composer* composer,
-                                      hwc2_display_t hw_id) {
-  const auto error = composer->getDisplayIdentificationData(
-      hw_id, &display_port_, &display_identification_data_);
-  if (error != android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Error::NONE) {
-    if (error !=
-        android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
-      ALOGI("hardware_composer: identification data error\n");
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("hardware_composer: identification data unsupported\n");
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::Initialize(
-    Hwc2::Composer* composer, hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-    RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback) {
-  if (initialized_) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::Initialize: already initialized.");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  request_display_callback_ = request_display_callback;
-
-  primary_display_ = GetDisplayParams(composer, primary_display_id, true);
-
-  vsync_service_ = new VsyncService;
-  sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());
-  auto result = sm->addService(String16(VsyncService::GetServiceName()),
-      vsync_service_, false);
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != android::OK,
-      "addService(%s) failed", VsyncService::GetServiceName());
-
-  post_thread_event_fd_.Reset(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK));
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-      !post_thread_event_fd_,
-      "HardwareComposer: Failed to create interrupt event fd : %s",
-      strerror(errno));
-
-  UpdateEdidData(composer, primary_display_id);
-
-  post_thread_ = std::thread(&HardwareComposer::PostThread, this);
-
-  initialized_ = true;
-
-  return initialized_;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::Enable() {
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Suspended, false);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::Disable() {
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Suspended, true);
-
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-  post_thread_ready_.wait(lock, [this] {
-    return !post_thread_resumed_;
-  });
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnBootFinished() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-  if (boot_finished_)
-    return;
-  boot_finished_ = true;
-  post_thread_wait_.notify_one();
-}
-
-// Update the post thread quiescent state based on idle and suspended inputs.
-void HardwareComposer::UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadStateType state,
-                                             bool suspend) {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-
-  // Update the votes in the state variable before evaluating the effective
-  // quiescent state. Any bits set in post_thread_state_ indicate that the post
-  // thread should be suspended.
-  if (suspend) {
-    post_thread_state_ |= state;
-  } else {
-    post_thread_state_ &= ~state;
-  }
-
-  const bool quit = post_thread_state_ & PostThreadState::Quit;
-  const bool effective_suspend = post_thread_state_ != PostThreadState::Active;
-  if (quit) {
-    post_thread_quiescent_ = true;
-    eventfd_write(post_thread_event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-    post_thread_wait_.notify_one();
-  } else if (effective_suspend && !post_thread_quiescent_) {
-    post_thread_quiescent_ = true;
-    eventfd_write(post_thread_event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-  } else if (!effective_suspend && post_thread_quiescent_) {
-    post_thread_quiescent_ = false;
-    eventfd_t value;
-    eventfd_read(post_thread_event_fd_.Get(), &value);
-    post_thread_wait_.notify_one();
-  }
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::CreateComposer() {
-  if (composer_)
-    return;
-  composer_.reset(new Hwc2::impl::Composer("default"));
-  composer_callback_ = new ComposerCallback;
-  composer_->registerCallback(composer_callback_);
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!composer_callback_->GotFirstHotplug(),
-      "Registered composer callback but didn't get hotplug for primary"
-      " display");
-  composer_callback_->SetVsyncService(vsync_service_);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnPostThreadResumed() {
-  ALOGI("OnPostThreadResumed");
-  EnableDisplay(*target_display_, true);
-
-  // Trigger target-specific performance mode change.
-  property_set(kDvrPerformanceProperty, "performance");
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnPostThreadPaused() {
-  ALOGI("OnPostThreadPaused");
-  retire_fence_fds_.clear();
-  layers_.clear();
-
-  // Phones create a new composer client on resume and destroy it on pause.
-  if (composer_callback_ != nullptr) {
-    composer_callback_->SetVsyncService(nullptr);
-    composer_callback_ = nullptr;
-  }
-  composer_.reset(nullptr);
-
-  // Trigger target-specific performance mode change.
-  property_set(kDvrPerformanceProperty, "idle");
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::PostThreadCondWait(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock,
-                                          int timeout_sec,
-                                          const std::function<bool()>& pred) {
-  auto pred_with_quit = [&] {
-    return pred() || (post_thread_state_ & PostThreadState::Quit);
-  };
-  if (timeout_sec >= 0) {
-    post_thread_wait_.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(timeout_sec),
-                               pred_with_quit);
-  } else {
-    post_thread_wait_.wait(lock, pred_with_quit);
-  }
-  if (post_thread_state_ & PostThreadState::Quit) {
-    ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostThread: Quitting.");
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-HWC::Error HardwareComposer::Validate(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  uint32_t num_types;
-  uint32_t num_requests;
-  HWC::Error error =
-      composer_->validateDisplay(display, &num_types, &num_requests);
-
-  if (error == HWC2_ERROR_HAS_CHANGES) {
-    ALOGE("Hardware composer has requested composition changes, "
-          "which we don't support.");
-    // Accept the changes anyway and see if we can get something on the screen.
-    error = composer_->acceptDisplayChanges(display);
-  }
-
-  return error;
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::EnableVsync(const DisplayParams& display, bool enabled) {
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->setVsyncEnabled(display.id,
-      (Hwc2::IComposerClient::Vsync)(enabled ? HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE
-                                             : HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("Error attempting to %s vsync on %s display: %s",
-        enabled ? "enable" : "disable", GetDisplayName(display.is_primary),
-        error.to_string().c_str());
-  }
-  return error == HWC::Error::None;
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::SetPowerMode(const DisplayParams& display, bool active) {
-  ALOGI("Turning %s display %s", GetDisplayName(display.is_primary),
-      active ? "on" : "off");
-  HWC::PowerMode power_mode = active ? HWC::PowerMode::On : HWC::PowerMode::Off;
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->setPowerMode(display.id,
-      power_mode.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::PowerMode>());
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("Error attempting to turn %s display %s: %s",
-          GetDisplayName(display.is_primary), active ? "on" : "off",
-        error.to_string().c_str());
-  }
-  return error == HWC::Error::None;
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::EnableDisplay(const DisplayParams& display,
-                                     bool enabled) {
-  bool power_result;
-  bool vsync_result;
-  // When turning a display on, we set the power state then set vsync. When
-  // turning a display off we do it in the opposite order.
-  if (enabled) {
-    power_result = SetPowerMode(display, enabled);
-    vsync_result = EnableVsync(display, enabled);
-  } else {
-    vsync_result = EnableVsync(display, enabled);
-    power_result = SetPowerMode(display, enabled);
-  }
-  return power_result && vsync_result;
-}
-
-HWC::Error HardwareComposer::Present(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  int32_t present_fence;
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->presentDisplay(display, &present_fence);
-
-  // According to the documentation, this fence is signaled at the time of
-  // vsync/DMA for physical displays.
-  if (error == HWC::Error::None) {
-    retire_fence_fds_.emplace_back(present_fence);
-  } else {
-    ATRACE_INT("HardwareComposer: PresentResult", error);
-  }
-
-  return error;
-}
-
-DisplayParams HardwareComposer::GetDisplayParams(
-    Hwc2::Composer* composer, hwc2_display_t display, bool is_primary) {
-  DisplayParams params;
-  params.id = display;
-  params.is_primary = is_primary;
-
-  Hwc2::Config config;
-  HWC::Error error = composer->getActiveConfig(display, &config);
-
-  if (error == HWC::Error::None) {
-    auto get_attr = [&](hwc2_attribute_t attr, const char* attr_name)
-        -> std::optional<int32_t> {
-      int32_t val;
-      HWC::Error error = composer->getDisplayAttribute(
-          display, config, (Hwc2::IComposerClient::Attribute)attr, &val);
-      if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to get %s display attr %s: %s",
-            GetDisplayName(is_primary), attr_name,
-            error.to_string().c_str());
-        return std::nullopt;
-      }
-      return val;
-    };
-
-    auto width = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_WIDTH, "width");
-    auto height = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_HEIGHT, "height");
-
-    if (width && height) {
-      params.width = *width;
-      params.height = *height;
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("Failed to get width and/or height for %s display. Using default"
-          " size %dx%d.", GetDisplayName(is_primary), kDefaultDisplayWidth,
-          kDefaultDisplayHeight);
-      params.width = kDefaultDisplayWidth;
-      params.height = kDefaultDisplayHeight;
-    }
-
-    auto vsync_period = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_VSYNC_PERIOD, "vsync period");
-    if (vsync_period) {
-      params.vsync_period_ns = *vsync_period;
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("Failed to get vsync period for %s display. Using default vsync"
-          " period %.2fms", GetDisplayName(is_primary),
-          static_cast<float>(kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs) / 1000000);
-      params.vsync_period_ns = kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs;
-    }
-
-    auto dpi_x = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_X, "DPI X");
-    auto dpi_y = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_Y, "DPI Y");
-    if (dpi_x && dpi_y) {
-      params.dpi.x = *dpi_x;
-      params.dpi.y = *dpi_y;
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("Failed to get dpi_x and/or dpi_y for %s display. Using default"
-          " dpi %d.", GetDisplayName(is_primary), kDefaultDpi);
-      params.dpi.x = kDefaultDpi;
-      params.dpi.y = kDefaultDpi;
-    }
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer: Failed to get current %s display config: %d."
-        " Using default display values.",
-        GetDisplayName(is_primary), error.value);
-    params.width = kDefaultDisplayWidth;
-    params.height = kDefaultDisplayHeight;
-    params.dpi.x = kDefaultDpi;
-    params.dpi.y = kDefaultDpi;
-    params.vsync_period_ns = kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs;
-  }
-
-  ALOGI(
-      "HardwareComposer: %s display attributes: width=%d height=%d "
-      "vsync_period_ns=%d DPI=%dx%d",
-      GetDisplayName(is_primary),
-      params.width,
-      params.height,
-      params.vsync_period_ns,
-      params.dpi.x,
-      params.dpi.y);
-
-  return params;
-}
-
-std::string HardwareComposer::Dump() {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-  std::ostringstream stream;
-
-  auto print_display_metrics = [&](const DisplayParams& params) {
-    stream << GetDisplayName(params.is_primary)
-           << " display metrics:     " << params.width << "x"
-           << params.height << " " << (params.dpi.x / 1000.0)
-           << "x" << (params.dpi.y / 1000.0) << " dpi @ "
-           << (1000000000.0 / params.vsync_period_ns) << " Hz"
-           << std::endl;
-  };
-
-  print_display_metrics(primary_display_);
-  if (external_display_)
-    print_display_metrics(*external_display_);
-
-  stream << "Post thread resumed: " << post_thread_resumed_ << std::endl;
-  stream << "Active layers:       " << layers_.size() << std::endl;
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); i++) {
-    stream << "Layer " << i << ":";
-    stream << " type=" << layers_[i].GetCompositionType().to_string();
-    stream << " surface_id=" << layers_[i].GetSurfaceId();
-    stream << " buffer_id=" << layers_[i].GetBufferId();
-    stream << std::endl;
-  }
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  if (post_thread_resumed_) {
-    stream << "Hardware Composer Debug Info:" << std::endl;
-    stream << composer_->dumpDebugInfo();
-  }
-
-  return stream.str();
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::PostLayers(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("HardwareComposer::PostLayers");
-
-  // Setup the hardware composer layers with current buffers.
-  for (auto& layer : layers_) {
-    layer.Prepare();
-  }
-
-  // Now that we have taken in a frame from the application, we have a chance
-  // to drop the frame before passing the frame along to HWC.
-  // If the display driver has become backed up, we detect it here and then
-  // react by skipping this frame to catch up latency.
-  while (!retire_fence_fds_.empty() &&
-         (!retire_fence_fds_.front() ||
-          sync_wait(retire_fence_fds_.front().Get(), 0) == 0)) {
-    // There are only 2 fences in here, no performance problem to shift the
-    // array of ints.
-    retire_fence_fds_.erase(retire_fence_fds_.begin());
-  }
-
-  const bool is_fence_pending = static_cast<int32_t>(retire_fence_fds_.size()) >
-                                post_thread_config_.allowed_pending_fence_count;
-
-  if (is_fence_pending) {
-    ATRACE_INT("frame_skip_count", ++frame_skip_count_);
-
-    ALOGW_IF(is_fence_pending,
-             "Warning: dropping a frame to catch up with HWC (pending = %zd)",
-             retire_fence_fds_.size());
-
-    for (auto& layer : layers_) {
-      layer.Drop();
-    }
-    return;
-  } else {
-    // Make the transition more obvious in systrace when the frame skip happens
-    // above.
-    ATRACE_INT("frame_skip_count", 0);
-  }
-
-#if TRACE > 1
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); i++) {
-    ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostLayers: layer=%zu buffer_id=%d composition=%s",
-          i, layers_[i].GetBufferId(),
-          layers_[i].GetCompositionType().to_string().c_str());
-  }
-#endif
-
-  HWC::Error error = Validate(display);
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::PostLayers: Validate failed: %s display=%" PRIu64,
-          error.to_string().c_str(), display);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  error = Present(display);
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::PostLayers: Present failed: %s",
-          error.to_string().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<Hwc2::Layer> out_layers;
-  std::vector<int> out_fences;
-  error = composer_->getReleaseFences(display,
-                                      &out_layers, &out_fences);
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "HardwareComposer::PostLayers: Failed to get release fences: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-
-  // Perform post-frame bookkeeping.
-  uint32_t num_elements = out_layers.size();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elements; ++i) {
-    for (auto& layer : layers_) {
-      if (layer.GetLayerHandle() == out_layers[i]) {
-        layer.Finish(out_fences[i]);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::SetDisplaySurfaces(
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces) {
-  ALOGI("HardwareComposer::SetDisplaySurfaces: surface count=%zd",
-        surfaces.size());
-  const bool display_idle = surfaces.size() == 0;
-  {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-    surfaces_ = std::move(surfaces);
-    surfaces_changed_ = true;
-  }
-
-  if (request_display_callback_)
-    request_display_callback_(!display_idle);
-
-  // Set idle state based on whether there are any surfaces to handle.
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Idle, display_idle);
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::OnNewGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key,
-                                        IonBuffer& ion_buffer) {
-  if (key == DvrGlobalBuffers::kVsyncBuffer) {
-    vsync_ring_ = std::make_unique<CPUMappedBroadcastRing<DvrVsyncRing>>(
-        &ion_buffer, CPUUsageMode::WRITE_OFTEN);
-
-    if (vsync_ring_->IsMapped() == false) {
-      return -EPERM;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (key == DvrGlobalBuffers::kVrFlingerConfigBufferKey) {
-    return MapConfigBuffer(ion_buffer);
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnDeletedGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  if (key == DvrGlobalBuffers::kVrFlingerConfigBufferKey) {
-    ConfigBufferDeleted();
-  }
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::MapConfigBuffer(IonBuffer& ion_buffer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(shared_config_mutex_);
-  shared_config_ring_ = DvrConfigRing();
-
-  if (ion_buffer.width() < DvrConfigRing::MemorySize()) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::MapConfigBuffer: invalid buffer size.");
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  void* buffer_base = 0;
-  int result = ion_buffer.Lock(ion_buffer.usage(), 0, 0, ion_buffer.width(),
-                               ion_buffer.height(), &buffer_base);
-  if (result != 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "HardwareComposer::MapConfigBuffer: Failed to map vrflinger config "
-        "buffer.");
-    return -EPERM;
-  }
-
-  shared_config_ring_ = DvrConfigRing::Create(buffer_base, ion_buffer.width());
-  ion_buffer.Unlock();
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::ConfigBufferDeleted() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(shared_config_mutex_);
-  shared_config_ring_ = DvrConfigRing();
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::UpdateConfigBuffer() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(shared_config_mutex_);
-  if (!shared_config_ring_.is_valid())
-    return;
-  // Copy from latest record in shared_config_ring_ to local copy.
-  DvrConfig record;
-  if (shared_config_ring_.GetNewest(&shared_config_ring_sequence_, &record)) {
-    ALOGI("DvrConfig updated: sequence %u, post offset %d",
-          shared_config_ring_sequence_, record.frame_post_offset_ns);
-    ++shared_config_ring_sequence_;
-    post_thread_config_ = record;
-  }
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::PostThreadPollInterruptible(
-    const pdx::LocalHandle& event_fd, int requested_events, int timeout_ms) {
-  pollfd pfd[2] = {
-      {
-          .fd = event_fd.Get(),
-          .events = static_cast<short>(requested_events),
-          .revents = 0,
-      },
-      {
-          .fd = post_thread_event_fd_.Get(),
-          .events = POLLPRI | POLLIN,
-          .revents = 0,
-      },
-  };
-  int ret, error;
-  do {
-    ret = poll(pfd, 2, timeout_ms);
-    error = errno;
-    ALOGW_IF(ret < 0,
-             "HardwareComposer::PostThreadPollInterruptible: Error during "
-             "poll(): %s (%d)",
-             strerror(error), error);
-  } while (ret < 0 && error == EINTR);
-
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    return -error;
-  } else if (ret == 0) {
-    return -ETIMEDOUT;
-  } else if (pfd[0].revents != 0) {
-    return 0;
-  } else if (pfd[1].revents != 0) {
-    ALOGI("VrHwcPost thread interrupted: revents=%x", pfd[1].revents);
-    return kPostThreadInterrupted;
-  } else {
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-// Sleep until the next predicted vsync, returning the predicted vsync
-// timestamp.
-Status<int64_t> HardwareComposer::WaitForPredictedVSync() {
-  const int64_t predicted_vsync_time = last_vsync_timestamp_ +
-      (target_display_->vsync_period_ns * vsync_prediction_interval_);
-  const int error = SleepUntil(predicted_vsync_time);
-  if (error < 0) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::WaifForVSync:: Failed to sleep: %s",
-          strerror(-error));
-    return error;
-  }
-  return {predicted_vsync_time};
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::SleepUntil(int64_t wakeup_timestamp) {
-  const int timer_fd = vsync_sleep_timer_fd_.Get();
-  const itimerspec wakeup_itimerspec = {
-      .it_interval = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0},
-      .it_value = NsToTimespec(wakeup_timestamp),
-  };
-  int ret =
-      timerfd_settime(timer_fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &wakeup_itimerspec, nullptr);
-  int error = errno;
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::SleepUntil: Failed to set timerfd: %s",
-          strerror(error));
-    return -error;
-  }
-
-  return PostThreadPollInterruptible(vsync_sleep_timer_fd_, POLLIN,
-                                     /*timeout_ms*/ -1);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::PostThread() {
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int)
-  prctl(PR_SET_NAME, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>("VrHwcPost"), 0, 0, 0);
-
-  // Set the scheduler to SCHED_FIFO with high priority. If this fails here
-  // there may have been a startup timing issue between this thread and
-  // performanced. Try again later when this thread becomes active.
-  bool thread_policy_setup =
-      SetThreadPolicy("graphics:high", "/system/performance");
-
-  // Create a timerfd based on CLOCK_MONOTINIC.
-  vsync_sleep_timer_fd_.Reset(timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, 0));
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-      !vsync_sleep_timer_fd_,
-      "HardwareComposer: Failed to create vsync sleep timerfd: %s",
-      strerror(errno));
-
-  struct VsyncEyeOffsets { int64_t left_ns, right_ns; };
-  bool was_running = false;
-
-  auto get_vsync_eye_offsets = [this]() -> VsyncEyeOffsets {
-    VsyncEyeOffsets offsets;
-    offsets.left_ns =
-        GetPosePredictionTimeOffset(target_display_->vsync_period_ns);
-
-    // TODO(jbates) Query vblank time from device, when such an API is
-    // available. This value (6.3%) was measured on A00 in low persistence mode.
-    int64_t vblank_ns = target_display_->vsync_period_ns * 63 / 1000;
-    offsets.right_ns = (target_display_->vsync_period_ns - vblank_ns) / 2;
-
-    // Check property for overriding right eye offset value.
-    offsets.right_ns =
-        property_get_int64(kRightEyeOffsetProperty, offsets.right_ns);
-
-    return offsets;
-  };
-
-  VsyncEyeOffsets vsync_eye_offsets = get_vsync_eye_offsets();
-
-  while (1) {
-    ATRACE_NAME("HardwareComposer::PostThread");
-
-    // Check for updated config once per vsync.
-    UpdateConfigBuffer();
-
-    while (post_thread_quiescent_) {
-      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-      ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostThread: Entering quiescent state.");
-
-      if (was_running) {
-        vsync_trace_parity_ = false;
-        ATRACE_INT(kVsyncTraceEventName, 0);
-      }
-
-      // Tear down resources.
-      OnPostThreadPaused();
-      was_running = false;
-      post_thread_resumed_ = false;
-      post_thread_ready_.notify_all();
-
-      if (PostThreadCondWait(lock, -1,
-                             [this] { return !post_thread_quiescent_; })) {
-        // A true return value means we've been asked to quit.
-        return;
-      }
-
-      post_thread_resumed_ = true;
-      post_thread_ready_.notify_all();
-
-      ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostThread: Exiting quiescent state.");
-    }
-
-    if (!composer_)
-      CreateComposer();
-
-    bool target_display_changed = UpdateTargetDisplay();
-    bool just_resumed_running = !was_running;
-    was_running = true;
-
-    if (target_display_changed)
-      vsync_eye_offsets = get_vsync_eye_offsets();
-
-    if (just_resumed_running) {
-      OnPostThreadResumed();
-
-      // Try to setup the scheduler policy if it failed during startup. Only
-      // attempt to do this on transitions from inactive to active to avoid
-      // spamming the system with RPCs and log messages.
-      if (!thread_policy_setup) {
-        thread_policy_setup =
-            SetThreadPolicy("graphics:high", "/system/performance");
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (target_display_changed || just_resumed_running) {
-      // Initialize the last vsync timestamp with the current time. The
-      // predictor below uses this time + the vsync interval in absolute time
-      // units for the initial delay. Once the driver starts reporting vsync the
-      // predictor will sync up with the real vsync.
-      last_vsync_timestamp_ = GetSystemClockNs();
-      vsync_prediction_interval_ = 1;
-      retire_fence_fds_.clear();
-    }
-
-    int64_t vsync_timestamp = 0;
-    {
-      TRACE_FORMAT("wait_vsync|vsync=%u;last_timestamp=%" PRId64
-                   ";prediction_interval=%d|",
-                   vsync_count_ + 1, last_vsync_timestamp_,
-                   vsync_prediction_interval_);
-
-      auto status = WaitForPredictedVSync();
-      ALOGE_IF(
-          !status,
-          "HardwareComposer::PostThread: Failed to wait for vsync event: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-
-      // If there was an error either sleeping was interrupted due to pausing or
-      // there was an error getting the latest timestamp.
-      if (!status)
-        continue;
-
-      // Predicted vsync timestamp for this interval. This is stable because we
-      // use absolute time for the wakeup timer.
-      vsync_timestamp = status.get();
-    }
-
-    vsync_trace_parity_ = !vsync_trace_parity_;
-    ATRACE_INT(kVsyncTraceEventName, vsync_trace_parity_ ? 1 : 0);
-
-    // Advance the vsync counter only if the system is keeping up with hardware
-    // vsync to give clients an indication of the delays.
-    if (vsync_prediction_interval_ == 1)
-      ++vsync_count_;
-
-    UpdateLayerConfig();
-
-    // Publish the vsync event.
-    if (vsync_ring_) {
-      DvrVsync vsync;
-      vsync.vsync_count = vsync_count_;
-      vsync.vsync_timestamp_ns = vsync_timestamp;
-      vsync.vsync_left_eye_offset_ns = vsync_eye_offsets.left_ns;
-      vsync.vsync_right_eye_offset_ns = vsync_eye_offsets.right_ns;
-      vsync.vsync_period_ns = target_display_->vsync_period_ns;
-
-      vsync_ring_->Publish(vsync);
-    }
-
-    {
-      // Sleep until shortly before vsync.
-      ATRACE_NAME("sleep");
-
-      const int64_t display_time_est_ns =
-          vsync_timestamp + target_display_->vsync_period_ns;
-      const int64_t now_ns = GetSystemClockNs();
-      const int64_t sleep_time_ns = display_time_est_ns - now_ns -
-                                    post_thread_config_.frame_post_offset_ns;
-      const int64_t wakeup_time_ns =
-          display_time_est_ns - post_thread_config_.frame_post_offset_ns;
-
-      ATRACE_INT64("sleep_time_ns", sleep_time_ns);
-      if (sleep_time_ns > 0) {
-        int error = SleepUntil(wakeup_time_ns);
-        ALOGE_IF(error < 0 && error != kPostThreadInterrupted,
-                 "HardwareComposer::PostThread: Failed to sleep: %s",
-                 strerror(-error));
-        // If the sleep was interrupted (error == kPostThreadInterrupted),
-        // we still go through and present this frame because we may have set
-        // layers earlier and we want to flush the Composer's internal command
-        // buffer by continuing through to validate and present.
-      }
-    }
-
-    {
-      auto status = composer_callback_->GetVsyncTime(target_display_->id);
-
-      // If we failed to read vsync there might be a problem with the driver.
-      // Since there's nothing we can do just behave as though we didn't get an
-      // updated vsync time and let the prediction continue.
-      const int64_t current_vsync_timestamp =
-          status ? status.get() : last_vsync_timestamp_;
-
-      const bool vsync_delayed =
-          last_vsync_timestamp_ == current_vsync_timestamp;
-      ATRACE_INT("vsync_delayed", vsync_delayed);
-
-      // If vsync was delayed advance the prediction interval and allow the
-      // fence logic in PostLayers() to skip the frame.
-      if (vsync_delayed) {
-        ALOGW(
-            "HardwareComposer::PostThread: VSYNC timestamp did not advance "
-            "since last frame: timestamp=%" PRId64 " prediction_interval=%d",
-            current_vsync_timestamp, vsync_prediction_interval_);
-        vsync_prediction_interval_++;
-      } else {
-        // We have an updated vsync timestamp, reset the prediction interval.
-        last_vsync_timestamp_ = current_vsync_timestamp;
-        vsync_prediction_interval_ = 1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    PostLayers(target_display_->id);
-  }
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::UpdateTargetDisplay() {
-  bool target_display_changed = false;
-  auto displays = composer_callback_->GetDisplays();
-  if (displays.external_display_was_hotplugged) {
-    bool was_using_external_display = !target_display_->is_primary;
-    if (was_using_external_display) {
-      // The external display was hotplugged, so make sure to ignore any bad
-      // display errors as we destroy the layers.
-      for (auto& layer: layers_)
-        layer.IgnoreBadDisplayErrorsOnDestroy(true);
-    }
-
-    if (displays.external_display) {
-      // External display was connected
-      external_display_ = GetDisplayParams(composer_.get(),
-          *displays.external_display, /*is_primary*/ false);
-
-      ALOGI("External display connected. Switching to external display.");
-      target_display_ = &(*external_display_);
-      target_display_changed = true;
-    } else {
-      // External display was disconnected
-      external_display_ = std::nullopt;
-      if (was_using_external_display) {
-        ALOGI("External display disconnected. Switching to primary display.");
-        target_display_ = &primary_display_;
-        target_display_changed = true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (target_display_changed) {
-    // If we're switching to the external display, turn the primary display off.
-    if (!target_display_->is_primary) {
-      EnableDisplay(primary_display_, false);
-    }
-    // If we're switching to the primary display, and the external display is
-    // still connected, turn the external display off.
-    else if (target_display_->is_primary && external_display_) {
-      EnableDisplay(*external_display_, false);
-    }
-
-    // Update the cached edid data for the current display.
-    UpdateEdidData(composer_.get(), target_display_->id);
-
-    // Turn the new target display on.
-    EnableDisplay(*target_display_, true);
-
-    // When we switch displays we need to recreate all the layers, so clear the
-    // current list, which will trigger layer recreation.
-    layers_.clear();
-  }
-
-  return target_display_changed;
-}
-
-// Checks for changes in the surface stack and updates the layer config to
-// accomodate the new stack.
-void HardwareComposer::UpdateLayerConfig() {
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces;
-  {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-
-    if (!surfaces_changed_ && (!layers_.empty() || surfaces_.empty()))
-      return;
-
-    surfaces = surfaces_;
-    surfaces_changed_ = false;
-  }
-
-  ATRACE_NAME("UpdateLayerConfig_HwLayers");
-
-  // Sort the new direct surface list by z-order to determine the relative order
-  // of the surfaces. This relative order is used for the HWC z-order value to
-  // insulate VrFlinger and HWC z-order semantics from each other.
-  std::sort(surfaces.begin(), surfaces.end(), [](const auto& a, const auto& b) {
-    return a->z_order() < b->z_order();
-  });
-
-  // Prepare a new layer stack, pulling in layers from the previous
-  // layer stack that are still active and updating their attributes.
-  std::vector<Layer> layers;
-  size_t layer_index = 0;
-  for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-    // The bottom layer is opaque, other layers blend.
-    HWC::BlendMode blending =
-        layer_index == 0 ? HWC::BlendMode::None : HWC::BlendMode::Coverage;
-
-    // Try to find a layer for this surface in the set of active layers.
-    auto search =
-        std::lower_bound(layers_.begin(), layers_.end(), surface->surface_id());
-    const bool found = search != layers_.end() &&
-                       search->GetSurfaceId() == surface->surface_id();
-    if (found) {
-      // Update the attributes of the layer that may have changed.
-      search->SetBlending(blending);
-      search->SetZOrder(layer_index);  // Relative z-order.
-
-      // Move the existing layer to the new layer set and remove the empty layer
-      // object from the current set.
-      layers.push_back(std::move(*search));
-      layers_.erase(search);
-    } else {
-      // Insert a layer for the new surface.
-      layers.emplace_back(composer_.get(), *target_display_, surface, blending,
-          HWC::Composition::Device, layer_index);
-    }
-
-    ALOGI_IF(
-        TRACE,
-        "HardwareComposer::UpdateLayerConfig: layer_index=%zu surface_id=%d",
-        layer_index, layers[layer_index].GetSurfaceId());
-
-    layer_index++;
-  }
-
-  // Sort the new layer stack by ascending surface id.
-  std::sort(layers.begin(), layers.end());
-
-  // Replace the previous layer set with the new layer set. The destructor of
-  // the previous set will clean up the remaining Layers that are not moved to
-  // the new layer set.
-  layers_ = std::move(layers);
-
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "HardwareComposer::UpdateLayerConfig: %zd active layers",
-           layers_.size());
-}
-
-std::vector<sp<IVsyncCallback>>::const_iterator
-HardwareComposer::VsyncService::FindCallback(
-    const sp<IVsyncCallback>& callback) const {
-  sp<IBinder> binder = IInterface::asBinder(callback);
-  return std::find_if(callbacks_.cbegin(), callbacks_.cend(),
-                      [&](const sp<IVsyncCallback>& callback) {
-                        return IInterface::asBinder(callback) == binder;
-                      });
-}
-
-status_t HardwareComposer::VsyncService::registerCallback(
-    const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  if (FindCallback(callback) == callbacks_.cend()) {
-    callbacks_.push_back(callback);
-  }
-  return OK;
-}
-
-status_t HardwareComposer::VsyncService::unregisterCallback(
-    const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  auto iter = FindCallback(callback);
-  if (iter != callbacks_.cend()) {
-    callbacks_.erase(iter);
-  }
-  return OK;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::VsyncService::OnVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("VsyncService::OnVsync");
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  for (auto iter = callbacks_.begin(); iter != callbacks_.end();) {
-    if ((*iter)->onVsync(vsync_timestamp) == android::DEAD_OBJECT) {
-      iter = callbacks_.erase(iter);
-    } else {
-      ++iter;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onHotplug(
-    Hwc2::Display display, IComposerCallback::Connection conn) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  ALOGI("onHotplug display=%" PRIu64 " conn=%d", display, conn);
-
-  bool is_primary = !got_first_hotplug_ || display == primary_display_.id;
-
-  // Our first onHotplug callback is always for the primary display.
-  if (!got_first_hotplug_) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(conn != IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED,
-        "Initial onHotplug callback should be primary display connected");
-    got_first_hotplug_ = true;
-  } else if (is_primary) {
-    ALOGE("Ignoring unexpected onHotplug() call for primary display");
-    return Void();
-  }
-
-  if (conn == IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED) {
-    if (!is_primary)
-      external_display_ = DisplayInfo();
-    DisplayInfo& display_info = is_primary ?
-        primary_display_ : *external_display_;
-    display_info.id = display;
-
-    std::array<char, 1024> buffer;
-    snprintf(buffer.data(), buffer.size(),
-             "/sys/class/graphics/fb%" PRIu64 "/vsync_event", display);
-    if (LocalHandle handle{buffer.data(), O_RDONLY}) {
-      ALOGI(
-          "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onHotplug: Driver supports "
-          "vsync_event node for display %" PRIu64,
-          display);
-      display_info.driver_vsync_event_fd = std::move(handle);
-    } else {
-      ALOGI(
-          "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onHotplug: Driver does not "
-          "support vsync_event node for display %" PRIu64,
-          display);
-    }
-  } else if (conn == IComposerCallback::Connection::DISCONNECTED) {
-    external_display_ = std::nullopt;
-  }
-
-  if (!is_primary)
-    external_display_was_hotplugged_ = true;
-
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onRefresh(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/) {
-  return hardware::Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onVsync(Hwc2::Display display,
-                                                         int64_t timestamp) {
-  TRACE_FORMAT("vsync_callback|display=%" PRIu64 ";timestamp=%" PRId64 "|",
-               display, timestamp);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  DisplayInfo* display_info = GetDisplayInfo(display);
-  if (display_info) {
-    display_info->callback_vsync_timestamp = timestamp;
-  }
-  if (primary_display_.id == display && vsync_service_ != nullptr) {
-    vsync_service_->OnVsync(timestamp);
-  }
-
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onVsync_2_4(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/, int64_t /*timestamp*/,
-    Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos /*vsyncPeriodNanos*/) {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected onVsync_2_4 callback");
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/,
-    const Hwc2::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& /*updatedTimeline*/) {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged callback");
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onSeamlessPossible(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/) {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected onSeamlessPossible callback");
-  return Void();
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::SetVsyncService(
-    const sp<VsyncService>& vsync_service) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  vsync_service_ = vsync_service;
-}
-
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::Displays
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetDisplays() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  Displays displays;
-  displays.primary_display = primary_display_.id;
-  if (external_display_)
-    displays.external_display = external_display_->id;
-  if (external_display_was_hotplugged_) {
-    external_display_was_hotplugged_ = false;
-    displays.external_display_was_hotplugged = true;
-  }
-  return displays;
-}
-
-Status<int64_t> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime(
-    hwc2_display_t display) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  DisplayInfo* display_info = GetDisplayInfo(display);
-  if (!display_info) {
-    ALOGW("Attempt to get vsync time for unknown display %" PRIu64, display);
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  // See if the driver supports direct vsync events.
-  LocalHandle& event_fd = display_info->driver_vsync_event_fd;
-  if (!event_fd) {
-    // Fall back to returning the last timestamp returned by the vsync
-    // callback.
-    return display_info->callback_vsync_timestamp;
-  }
-
-  // When the driver supports the vsync_event sysfs node we can use it to
-  // determine the latest vsync timestamp, even if the HWC callback has been
-  // delayed.
-
-  // The driver returns data in the form "VSYNC=<timestamp ns>".
-  std::array<char, 32> data;
-  data.fill('\0');
-
-  // Seek back to the beginning of the event file.
-  int ret = lseek(event_fd.Get(), 0, SEEK_SET);
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE(
-        "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime: Failed to seek "
-        "vsync event fd: %s",
-        strerror(error));
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  // Read the vsync event timestamp.
-  ret = read(event_fd.Get(), data.data(), data.size());
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE_IF(error != EAGAIN,
-             "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime: Error "
-             "while reading timestamp: %s",
-             strerror(error));
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  int64_t timestamp;
-  ret = sscanf(data.data(), "VSYNC=%" PRIu64,
-               reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(&timestamp));
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE(
-        "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime: Error while "
-        "parsing timestamp: %s",
-        strerror(error));
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  return {timestamp};
-}
-
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::DisplayInfo*
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetDisplayInfo(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  if (display == primary_display_.id) {
-    return &primary_display_;
-  } else if (external_display_ && display == external_display_->id) {
-    return &(*external_display_);
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-void Layer::Reset() {
-  if (hardware_composer_layer_) {
-    HWC::Error error =
-        composer_->destroyLayer(display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_);
-    if (error != HWC::Error::None &&
-        (!ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ ||
-         error != HWC::Error::BadDisplay)) {
-      ALOGE("destroyLayer() failed for display %" PRIu64 ", layer %" PRIu64
-          ". error: %s", display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-          error.to_string().c_str());
-    }
-    hardware_composer_layer_ = 0;
-  }
-
-  z_order_ = 0;
-  blending_ = HWC::BlendMode::None;
-  composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::Invalid;
-  target_composition_type_ = composition_type_;
-  source_ = EmptyVariant{};
-  acquire_fence_.Close();
-  surface_rect_functions_applied_ = false;
-  pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-  cached_buffer_map_.clear();
-  ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ = false;
-}
-
-Layer::Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-             const std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>& surface,
-             HWC::BlendMode blending, HWC::Composition composition_type,
-             size_t z_order)
-    : composer_(composer),
-      display_params_(display_params),
-      z_order_{z_order},
-      blending_{blending},
-      target_composition_type_{composition_type},
-      source_{SourceSurface{surface}} {
-  CommonLayerSetup();
-}
-
-Layer::Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-             const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer, HWC::BlendMode blending,
-             HWC::Composition composition_type, size_t z_order)
-    : composer_(composer),
-      display_params_(display_params),
-      z_order_{z_order},
-      blending_{blending},
-      target_composition_type_{composition_type},
-      source_{SourceBuffer{buffer}} {
-  CommonLayerSetup();
-}
-
-Layer::~Layer() { Reset(); }
-
-Layer::Layer(Layer&& other) noexcept { *this = std::move(other); }
-
-Layer& Layer::operator=(Layer&& other) noexcept {
-  if (this != &other) {
-    Reset();
-    using std::swap;
-    swap(composer_, other.composer_);
-    swap(display_params_, other.display_params_);
-    swap(hardware_composer_layer_, other.hardware_composer_layer_);
-    swap(z_order_, other.z_order_);
-    swap(blending_, other.blending_);
-    swap(composition_type_, other.composition_type_);
-    swap(target_composition_type_, other.target_composition_type_);
-    swap(source_, other.source_);
-    swap(acquire_fence_, other.acquire_fence_);
-    swap(surface_rect_functions_applied_,
-         other.surface_rect_functions_applied_);
-    swap(pending_visibility_settings_, other.pending_visibility_settings_);
-    swap(cached_buffer_map_, other.cached_buffer_map_);
-    swap(ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_,
-         other.ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_);
-  }
-  return *this;
-}
-
-void Layer::UpdateBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer) {
-  if (source_.is<SourceBuffer>())
-    std::get<SourceBuffer>(source_) = {buffer};
-}
-
-void Layer::SetBlending(HWC::BlendMode blending) {
-  if (blending_ != blending) {
-    blending_ = blending;
-    pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-  }
-}
-
-void Layer::SetZOrder(size_t z_order) {
-  if (z_order_ != z_order) {
-    z_order_ = z_order;
-    pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-  }
-}
-
-IonBuffer* Layer::GetBuffer() {
-  struct Visitor {
-    IonBuffer* operator()(SourceSurface& source) { return source.GetBuffer(); }
-    IonBuffer* operator()(SourceBuffer& source) { return source.GetBuffer(); }
-    IonBuffer* operator()(EmptyVariant) { return nullptr; }
-  };
-  return source_.Visit(Visitor{});
-}
-
-void Layer::UpdateVisibilitySettings() {
-  if (pending_visibility_settings_) {
-    pending_visibility_settings_ = false;
-
-    HWC::Error error;
-
-    error = composer_->setLayerBlendMode(
-        display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-        blending_.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode>());
-    ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-             "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer blend mode: %s",
-             error.to_string().c_str());
-
-    error = composer_->setLayerZOrder(display_params_.id,
-        hardware_composer_layer_, z_order_);
-    ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-             "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting z_ order: %s",
-             error.to_string().c_str());
-  }
-}
-
-void Layer::UpdateLayerSettings() {
-  HWC::Error error;
-
-  UpdateVisibilitySettings();
-
-  // TODO(eieio): Use surface attributes or some other mechanism to control
-  // the layer display frame.
-  error = composer_->setLayerDisplayFrame(
-      display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-      {0, 0, display_params_.width, display_params_.height});
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer display frame: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-
-  error = composer_->setLayerVisibleRegion(
-      display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-      {{0, 0, display_params_.width, display_params_.height}});
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer visible region: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-
-  error = composer_->setLayerPlaneAlpha(display_params_.id,
-      hardware_composer_layer_, 1.0f);
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer plane alpha: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-}
-
-void Layer::CommonLayerSetup() {
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->createLayer(display_params_.id,
-                                            &hardware_composer_layer_);
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::CommonLayerSetup: Failed to create layer on primary "
-           "display: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-  UpdateLayerSettings();
-}
-
-bool Layer::CheckAndUpdateCachedBuffer(std::size_t slot, int buffer_id) {
-  auto search = cached_buffer_map_.find(slot);
-  if (search != cached_buffer_map_.end() && search->second == buffer_id)
-    return true;
-
-  // Assign or update the buffer slot.
-  if (buffer_id >= 0)
-    cached_buffer_map_[slot] = buffer_id;
-  return false;
-}
-
-void Layer::Prepare() {
-  int right, bottom, id;
-  sp<GraphicBuffer> handle;
-  std::size_t slot;
-
-  // Acquire the next buffer according to the type of source.
-  IfAnyOf<SourceSurface, SourceBuffer>::Call(&source_, [&](auto& source) {
-    std::tie(right, bottom, id, handle, acquire_fence_, slot) =
-        source.Acquire();
-  });
-
-  TRACE_FORMAT("Layer::Prepare|buffer_id=%d;slot=%zu|", id, slot);
-
-  // Update any visibility (blending, z-order) changes that occurred since
-  // last prepare.
-  UpdateVisibilitySettings();
-
-  // When a layer is first setup there may be some time before the first
-  // buffer arrives. Setup the HWC layer as a solid color to stall for time
-  // until the first buffer arrives. Once the first buffer arrives there will
-  // always be a buffer for the frame even if it is old.
-  if (!handle.get()) {
-    if (composition_type_ == HWC::Composition::Invalid) {
-      composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::SolidColor;
-      composer_->setLayerCompositionType(
-          display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-          composition_type_.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition>());
-      Hwc2::IComposerClient::Color layer_color = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-      composer_->setLayerColor(display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-                               layer_color);
-    } else {
-      // The composition type is already set. Nothing else to do until a
-      // buffer arrives.
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (composition_type_ != target_composition_type_) {
-      composition_type_ = target_composition_type_;
-      composer_->setLayerCompositionType(
-          display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-          composition_type_.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition>());
-    }
-
-    // See if the HWC cache already has this buffer.
-    const bool cached = CheckAndUpdateCachedBuffer(slot, id);
-    if (cached)
-      handle = nullptr;
-
-    HWC::Error error{HWC::Error::None};
-    error =
-        composer_->setLayerBuffer(display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-                                  slot, handle, acquire_fence_.Get());
-
-    ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-             "Layer::Prepare: Error setting layer buffer: %s",
-             error.to_string().c_str());
-
-    if (!surface_rect_functions_applied_) {
-      const float float_right = right;
-      const float float_bottom = bottom;
-      error = composer_->setLayerSourceCrop(display_params_.id,
-                                            hardware_composer_layer_,
-                                            {0, 0, float_right, float_bottom});
-
-      ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-               "Layer::Prepare: Error setting layer source crop: %s",
-               error.to_string().c_str());
-
-      surface_rect_functions_applied_ = true;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void Layer::Finish(int release_fence_fd) {
-  IfAnyOf<SourceSurface, SourceBuffer>::Call(
-      &source_, [release_fence_fd](auto& source) {
-        source.Finish(LocalHandle(release_fence_fd));
-      });
-}
-
-void Layer::Drop() { acquire_fence_.Close(); }
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index bfce10b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,577 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_H_
-
-#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h"
-#include "hwc_types.h"
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_shared_buffers.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include <array>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <thread>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_config.h>
-#include <dvr/dvr_vsync.h>
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/variant.h>
-#include <private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h>
-#include <private/dvr/vsync_service.h>
-
-#include "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.h"
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-#include "display_surface.h"
-
-// Hardware composer HAL doesn't define HWC_TRANSFORM_NONE as of this writing.
-#ifndef HWC_TRANSFORM_NONE
-#define HWC_TRANSFORM_NONE static_cast<hwc_transform_t>(0)
-#endif
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// Basic display metrics for physical displays.
-struct DisplayParams {
-  hwc2_display_t id;
-  bool is_primary;
-
-  int width;
-  int height;
-
-  struct {
-    int x;
-    int y;
-  } dpi;
-
-  int vsync_period_ns;
-};
-
-// Layer represents the connection between a hardware composer layer and the
-// source supplying buffers for the layer's contents.
-class Layer {
- public:
-  Layer() = default;
-
-  // Sets up the layer to use a display surface as its content source. The Layer
-  // automatically handles ACQUIRE/RELEASE phases for the surface's buffer train
-  // every frame.
-  //
-  // |composer| The composer instance.
-  // |display_params| Info about the display to use.
-  // |blending| receives HWC_BLENDING_* values.
-  // |composition_type| receives either HWC_FRAMEBUFFER for most layers or
-  // HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET (unless you know what you are doing).
-  // |index| is the index of this surface in the DirectDisplaySurface array.
-  Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-        const std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>& surface,
-        HWC::BlendMode blending, HWC::Composition composition_type,
-        size_t z_order);
-
-  // Sets up the layer to use a direct buffer as its content source. No special
-  // handling of the buffer is performed; responsibility for updating or
-  // changing the buffer each frame is on the caller.
-  //
-  // |composer| The composer instance.
-  // |display_params| Info about the display to use.
-  // |blending| receives HWC_BLENDING_* values.
-  // |composition_type| receives either HWC_FRAMEBUFFER for most layers or
-  // HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET (unless you know what you are doing).
-  Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-        const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer, HWC::BlendMode blending,
-        HWC::Composition composition_type, size_t z_order);
-
-  Layer(Layer&&) noexcept;
-  Layer& operator=(Layer&&) noexcept;
-
-  ~Layer();
-
-  // Releases any shared pointers and fence handles held by this instance.
-  void Reset();
-
-  // Layers that use a direct IonBuffer should call this each frame to update
-  // which buffer will be used for the next PostLayers.
-  void UpdateBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer);
-
-  // Sets up the hardware composer layer for the next frame. When the layer is
-  // associated with a display surface, this method automatically ACQUIRES a new
-  // buffer if one is available.
-  void Prepare();
-
-  // After calling prepare, if this frame is to be dropped instead of passing
-  // along to the HWC, call Drop to close the contained fence(s).
-  void Drop();
-
-  // Performs fence bookkeeping after the frame has been posted to hardware
-  // composer.
-  void Finish(int release_fence_fd);
-
-  // Sets the blending for the layer. |blending| receives HWC_BLENDING_* values.
-  void SetBlending(HWC::BlendMode blending);
-
-  // Sets the z-order of this layer
-  void SetZOrder(size_t z_order);
-
-  // Gets the current IonBuffer associated with this layer. Ownership of the
-  // buffer DOES NOT pass to the caller and the pointer is not guaranteed to
-  // remain valid across calls to Layer::Setup(), Layer::Prepare(), or
-  // Layer::Reset(). YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED.
-  IonBuffer* GetBuffer();
-
-  HWC::Composition GetCompositionType() const { return composition_type_; }
-  HWC::Layer GetLayerHandle() const { return hardware_composer_layer_; }
-  bool IsLayerSetup() const { return !source_.empty(); }
-
-  int GetSurfaceId() const {
-    int surface_id = -1;
-    pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf<SourceSurface>::Call(
-        &source_, [&surface_id](const SourceSurface& surface_source) {
-          surface_id = surface_source.GetSurfaceId();
-        });
-    return surface_id;
-  }
-
-  int GetBufferId() const {
-    int buffer_id = -1;
-    pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf<SourceSurface>::Call(
-        &source_, [&buffer_id](const SourceSurface& surface_source) {
-          buffer_id = surface_source.GetBufferId();
-        });
-    return buffer_id;
-  }
-
-  // Compares Layers by surface id.
-  bool operator<(const Layer& other) const {
-    return GetSurfaceId() < other.GetSurfaceId();
-  }
-  bool operator<(int surface_id) const { return GetSurfaceId() < surface_id; }
-
-  void IgnoreBadDisplayErrorsOnDestroy(bool ignore) {
-    ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ = ignore;
-  }
-
- private:
-  void CommonLayerSetup();
-
-  // Applies all of the settings to this layer using the hwc functions
-  void UpdateLayerSettings();
-
-  // Applies visibility settings that may have changed.
-  void UpdateVisibilitySettings();
-
-  // Checks whether the buffer, given by id, is associated with the given slot
-  // in the HWC buffer cache. If the slot is not associated with the given
-  // buffer the cache is updated to establish the association and the buffer
-  // should be sent to HWC using setLayerBuffer. Returns true if the association
-  // was already established, false if not. A buffer_id of -1 is never
-  // associated and always returns false.
-  bool CheckAndUpdateCachedBuffer(std::size_t slot, int buffer_id);
-
-  // Composer instance.
-  Hwc2::Composer* composer_ = nullptr;
-
-  // Parameters of the display to use for this layer.
-  DisplayParams display_params_;
-
-  // The hardware composer layer and metrics to use during the prepare cycle.
-  hwc2_layer_t hardware_composer_layer_ = 0;
-
-  // Layer properties used to setup the hardware composer layer during the
-  // Prepare phase.
-  size_t z_order_ = 0;
-  HWC::BlendMode blending_ = HWC::BlendMode::None;
-  HWC::Composition composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::Invalid;
-  HWC::Composition target_composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::Device;
-
-  // State when the layer is connected to a surface. Provides the same interface
-  // as SourceBuffer to simplify internal use by Layer.
-  struct SourceSurface {
-    std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface> surface;
-    AcquiredBuffer acquired_buffer;
-    pdx::LocalHandle release_fence;
-
-    explicit SourceSurface(const std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>& surface)
-        : surface(surface) {}
-
-    // Attempts to acquire a new buffer from the surface and return a tuple with
-    // width, height, buffer handle, and fence. If a new buffer is not available
-    // the previous buffer is returned or an empty value if no buffer has ever
-    // been posted. When a new buffer is acquired the previous buffer's release
-    // fence is passed out automatically.
-    std::tuple<int, int, int, sp<GraphicBuffer>, pdx::LocalHandle, std::size_t>
-    Acquire() {
-      if (surface->IsBufferAvailable()) {
-        acquired_buffer.Release(std::move(release_fence));
-        acquired_buffer = surface->AcquireCurrentBuffer();
-        ATRACE_ASYNC_END("BufferPost", acquired_buffer.buffer()->id());
-      }
-      if (!acquired_buffer.IsEmpty()) {
-        return std::make_tuple(
-            acquired_buffer.buffer()->width(),
-            acquired_buffer.buffer()->height(), acquired_buffer.buffer()->id(),
-            acquired_buffer.buffer()->buffer()->buffer(),
-            acquired_buffer.ClaimAcquireFence(), acquired_buffer.slot());
-      } else {
-        return std::make_tuple(0, 0, -1, nullptr, pdx::LocalHandle{}, 0);
-      }
-    }
-
-    void Finish(pdx::LocalHandle fence) { release_fence = std::move(fence); }
-
-    // Gets a pointer to the current acquired buffer or returns nullptr if there
-    // isn't one.
-    IonBuffer* GetBuffer() {
-      if (acquired_buffer.IsAvailable())
-        return acquired_buffer.buffer()->buffer();
-      else
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Returns the surface id of the surface.
-    int GetSurfaceId() const { return surface->surface_id(); }
-
-    // Returns the buffer id for the current buffer.
-    int GetBufferId() const {
-      if (acquired_buffer.IsAvailable())
-        return acquired_buffer.buffer()->id();
-      else
-        return -1;
-    }
-  };
-
-  // State when the layer is connected to a buffer. Provides the same interface
-  // as SourceSurface to simplify internal use by Layer.
-  struct SourceBuffer {
-    std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer> buffer;
-
-    std::tuple<int, int, int, sp<GraphicBuffer>, pdx::LocalHandle, std::size_t>
-    Acquire() {
-      if (buffer)
-        return std::make_tuple(buffer->width(), buffer->height(), -1,
-                               buffer->buffer(), pdx::LocalHandle{}, 0);
-      else
-        return std::make_tuple(0, 0, -1, nullptr, pdx::LocalHandle{}, 0);
-    }
-
-    void Finish(pdx::LocalHandle /*fence*/) {}
-
-    IonBuffer* GetBuffer() { return buffer.get(); }
-
-    int GetSurfaceId() const { return -1; }
-    int GetBufferId() const { return -1; }
-  };
-
-  // The underlying hardware composer layer is supplied buffers either from a
-  // surface buffer train or from a buffer directly.
-  pdx::rpc::Variant<SourceSurface, SourceBuffer> source_;
-
-  pdx::LocalHandle acquire_fence_;
-  bool surface_rect_functions_applied_ = false;
-  bool pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-
-  // Map of buffer slot assignments that have already been established with HWC:
-  // slot -> buffer_id. When this map contains a matching slot and buffer_id the
-  // buffer argument to setLayerBuffer may be nullptr to avoid the cost of
-  // importing a buffer HWC already knows about.
-  std::map<std::size_t, int> cached_buffer_map_;
-
-  // When calling destroyLayer() on an external display that's been removed we
-  // typically get HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY errors. If
-  // ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ is true, don't log the bad display
-  // errors, since they're expected.
-  bool ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ = false;
-
-  Layer(const Layer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const Layer&) = delete;
-};
-
-// HardwareComposer encapsulates the hardware composer HAL, exposing a
-// simplified API to post buffers to the display.
-//
-// HardwareComposer is accessed by both the vr flinger dispatcher thread and the
-// surface flinger main thread, in addition to internally running a separate
-// thread for compositing/EDS and posting layers to the HAL. When changing how
-// variables are used or adding new state think carefully about which threads
-// will access the state and whether it needs to be synchronized.
-class HardwareComposer {
- public:
-  using RequestDisplayCallback = std::function<void(bool)>;
-
-  HardwareComposer();
-  ~HardwareComposer();
-
-  bool Initialize(Hwc2::Composer* composer,
-                  hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                  RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-
-  bool IsInitialized() const { return initialized_; }
-
-  // Start the post thread if there's work to do (i.e. visible layers). This
-  // should only be called from surface flinger's main thread.
-  void Enable();
-  // Pause the post thread, blocking until the post thread has signaled that
-  // it's paused. This should only be called from surface flinger's main thread.
-  void Disable();
-
-  // Called on a binder thread.
-  void OnBootFinished();
-
-  std::string Dump();
-
-  const DisplayParams& GetPrimaryDisplayParams() const {
-    return primary_display_;
-  }
-
-  // Sets the display surfaces to compose the hardware layer stack.
-  void SetDisplaySurfaces(
-      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces);
-
-  int OnNewGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key, IonBuffer& ion_buffer);
-  void OnDeletedGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-
-  // Gets the edid data for the current active display (internal or external)
-  DisplayIdentificationData GetCurrentDisplayIdentificationData() {
-    return display_identification_data_;
-  }
-
-  // Gets the edid port for the current active display (internal or external)
-  uint8_t GetCurrentDisplayPort() { return display_port_; }
-
- private:
-  DisplayParams GetDisplayParams(Hwc2::Composer* composer,
-      hwc2_display_t display, bool is_primary);
-
-  // Turn display vsync on/off. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  bool EnableVsync(const DisplayParams& display, bool enabled);
-  // Turn display power on/off. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  bool SetPowerMode(const DisplayParams& display, bool active);
-  // Convenience function to turn a display on/off. Turns both power and vsync
-  // on/off. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  bool EnableDisplay(const DisplayParams& display, bool enabled);
-
-  class VsyncService : public BnVsyncService {
-   public:
-    status_t registerCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) override;
-    status_t unregisterCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) override;
-    void OnVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp);
-   private:
-    std::vector<sp<IVsyncCallback>>::const_iterator FindCallback(
-        const sp<IVsyncCallback>& callback) const;
-    std::mutex mutex_;
-    std::vector<sp<IVsyncCallback>> callbacks_;
-  };
-
-  class ComposerCallback : public Hwc2::IComposerCallback {
-   public:
-    ComposerCallback() = default;
-    hardware::Return<void> onHotplug(Hwc2::Display display,
-                                     Connection conn) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onRefresh(Hwc2::Display display) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onVsync(Hwc2::Display display,
-                                   int64_t timestamp) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onVsync_2_4(
-        Hwc2::Display display, int64_t timestamp,
-        Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos vsyncPeriodNanos) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
-        Hwc2::Display display,
-        const Hwc2::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& updatedTimeline) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onSeamlessPossible(Hwc2::Display display) override;
-
-    bool GotFirstHotplug() { return got_first_hotplug_; }
-    void SetVsyncService(const sp<VsyncService>& vsync_service);
-
-    struct Displays {
-      hwc2_display_t primary_display = 0;
-      std::optional<hwc2_display_t> external_display;
-      bool external_display_was_hotplugged = false;
-    };
-
-    Displays GetDisplays();
-    pdx::Status<int64_t> GetVsyncTime(hwc2_display_t display);
-
-   private:
-    struct DisplayInfo {
-      hwc2_display_t id = 0;
-      pdx::LocalHandle driver_vsync_event_fd;
-      int64_t callback_vsync_timestamp{0};
-    };
-
-    DisplayInfo* GetDisplayInfo(hwc2_display_t display);
-
-    std::mutex mutex_;
-
-    bool got_first_hotplug_ = false;
-    DisplayInfo primary_display_;
-    std::optional<DisplayInfo> external_display_;
-    bool external_display_was_hotplugged_ = false;
-    sp<VsyncService> vsync_service_;
-  };
-
-  HWC::Error Validate(hwc2_display_t display);
-  HWC::Error Present(hwc2_display_t display);
-
-  void PostLayers(hwc2_display_t display);
-  void PostThread();
-
-  // The post thread has two controlling states:
-  // 1. Idle: no work to do (no visible surfaces).
-  // 2. Suspended: explicitly halted (system is not in VR mode).
-  // When either #1 or #2 is true then the post thread is quiescent, otherwise
-  // it is active.
-  using PostThreadStateType = uint32_t;
-  struct PostThreadState {
-    enum : PostThreadStateType {
-      Active = 0,
-      Idle = (1 << 0),
-      Suspended = (1 << 1),
-      Quit = (1 << 2),
-    };
-  };
-
-  void UpdatePostThreadState(uint32_t state, bool suspend);
-
-  // Blocks until either event_fd becomes readable, or we're interrupted by a
-  // control thread, or timeout_ms is reached before any events occur. Any
-  // errors are returned as negative errno values, with -ETIMEDOUT returned in
-  // the case of a timeout. If we're interrupted, kPostThreadInterrupted will be
-  // returned.
-  int PostThreadPollInterruptible(const pdx::LocalHandle& event_fd,
-                                  int requested_events, int timeout_ms);
-
-  // WaitForPredictedVSync and SleepUntil are blocking calls made on the post
-  // thread that can be interrupted by a control thread. If interrupted, these
-  // calls return kPostThreadInterrupted.
-  int ReadWaitPPState();
-  pdx::Status<int64_t> WaitForPredictedVSync();
-  int SleepUntil(int64_t wakeup_timestamp);
-
-  // Initialize any newly connected displays, and set target_display_ to the
-  // display we should render to. Returns true if target_display_
-  // changed. Called only from the post thread.
-  bool UpdateTargetDisplay();
-
-  // Reconfigures the layer stack if the display surfaces changed since the last
-  // frame. Called only from the post thread.
-  void UpdateLayerConfig();
-
-  // Called on the post thread to create the Composer instance.
-  void CreateComposer();
-
-  // Called on the post thread when the post thread is resumed.
-  void OnPostThreadResumed();
-  // Called on the post thread when the post thread is paused or quits.
-  void OnPostThreadPaused();
-
-  // Use post_thread_wait_ to wait for a specific condition, specified by pred.
-  // timeout_sec < 0 means wait indefinitely, otherwise it specifies the timeout
-  // in seconds.
-  // The lock must be held when this function is called.
-  // Returns true if the wait was interrupted because the post thread was asked
-  // to quit.
-  bool PostThreadCondWait(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock,
-                          int timeout_sec,
-                          const std::function<bool()>& pred);
-
-  // Map the given shared memory buffer to our broadcast ring to track updates
-  // to the config parameters.
-  int MapConfigBuffer(IonBuffer& ion_buffer);
-  void ConfigBufferDeleted();
-  // Poll for config udpates.
-  void UpdateConfigBuffer();
-
-  bool initialized_;
-  bool is_standalone_device_;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer> composer_;
-  sp<ComposerCallback> composer_callback_;
-  RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback_;
-
-  DisplayParams primary_display_;
-  std::optional<DisplayParams> external_display_;
-  DisplayParams* target_display_ = &primary_display_;
-
-  // The list of surfaces we should draw. Set by the display service when
-  // DirectSurfaces are added, removed, or change visibility. Written by the
-  // message dispatch thread and read by the post thread.
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces_;
-  // Set to true by the dispatch thread whenever surfaces_ changes. Set to false
-  // by the post thread when the new list of surfaces is processed.
-  bool surfaces_changed_ = false;
-
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> current_surfaces_;
-
-  // Layer set for handling buffer flow into hardware composer layers. This
-  // vector must be sorted by surface_id in ascending order.
-  std::vector<Layer> layers_;
-
-  // The layer posting thread. This thread wakes up a short time before vsync to
-  // hand buffers to hardware composer.
-  std::thread post_thread_;
-
-  // Post thread state machine and synchronization primitives.
-  PostThreadStateType post_thread_state_{PostThreadState::Idle |
-                                         PostThreadState::Suspended};
-  std::atomic<bool> post_thread_quiescent_{true};
-  bool post_thread_resumed_{false};
-  pdx::LocalHandle post_thread_event_fd_;
-  std::mutex post_thread_mutex_;
-  std::condition_variable post_thread_wait_;
-  std::condition_variable post_thread_ready_;
-
-  // When boot is finished this will be set to true and the post thread will be
-  // notified via post_thread_wait_.
-  bool boot_finished_ = false;
-
-  // VSync sleep timerfd.
-  pdx::LocalHandle vsync_sleep_timer_fd_;
-
-  // The timestamp of the last vsync.
-  int64_t last_vsync_timestamp_ = 0;
-
-  // The number of vsync intervals to predict since the last vsync.
-  int vsync_prediction_interval_ = 1;
-
-  // Vsync count since display on.
-  uint32_t vsync_count_ = 0;
-
-  // Counter tracking the number of skipped frames.
-  int frame_skip_count_ = 0;
-
-  // Fd array for tracking retire fences that are returned by hwc. This allows
-  // us to detect when the display driver begins queuing frames.
-  std::vector<pdx::LocalHandle> retire_fence_fds_;
-
-  // If we are publishing vsync data, we will put it here.
-  std::unique_ptr<CPUMappedBroadcastRing<DvrVsyncRing>> vsync_ring_;
-
-  // Broadcast ring for receiving config data from the DisplayManager.
-  DvrConfigRing shared_config_ring_;
-  uint32_t shared_config_ring_sequence_{0};
-  // Config buffer for reading from the post thread.
-  DvrConfig post_thread_config_;
-  std::mutex shared_config_mutex_;
-
-  bool vsync_trace_parity_ = false;
-  sp<VsyncService> vsync_service_;
-
-  // Edid section.
-  void UpdateEdidData(Hwc2::Composer* composer, hwc2_display_t hw_id);
-  DisplayIdentificationData display_identification_data_;
-  uint8_t display_port_;
-
-  static constexpr int kPostThreadInterrupted = 1;
-
-  HardwareComposer(const HardwareComposer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const HardwareComposer&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hwc_types.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hwc_types.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b5c3b3..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hwc_types.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_LIBVRFLINGER_HWCTYPES_H
-#define ANDROID_LIBVRFLINGER_HWCTYPES_H
-
-// General HWC type support. Hardware composer type support is a bit of a mess
-// between HWC1, HWC2 C/C++11, and HIDL types. Particularly bothersome is the
-// use of enum classes, which make analogous types between versions much
-// harder to deal with in a uniform way.
-//
-// These utilities help address some of these pains by providing a type-safe,
-// flexible interface to translate between different type spaces.
-
-#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
-#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
-
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace HWC {
-
-// Value types derived from HWC HAL types. Some of these are stand-alone,
-// while others are also wrapped in translator classes below.
-using ColorMode = int32_t;  // android_color_mode_t;
-using Config = hwc2_config_t;
-using ColorTransform =
-    std::underlying_type<android_color_transform_t>::type;          // int32_t;
-using Dataspace = std::underlying_type<android_dataspace_t>::type;  // int32_t;
-using DisplayId = hwc2_display_t;
-using DisplayRequest = std::underlying_type<HWC2::DisplayRequest>::type;
-using Hdr = std::underlying_type<android_hdr_t>::type;  // int32_t;
-using Layer = hwc2_layer_t;
-using PixelFormat =
-    std::underlying_type<android_pixel_format_t>::type;  // int32_t;
-
-// Type traits and casting utilities.
-
-// SFINAE utility to evaluate type expressions.
-template <typename...>
-using TestTypeExpression = void;
-
-// Traits type to determine the underlying type of an enum, integer,
-// or wrapper class.
-template <typename T, typename = typename std::is_enum<T>::type,
-          typename = typename std::is_integral<T>::type, typename = void>
-struct UnderlyingType {
-  using Type = T;
-};
-// Partial specialization that matches enum types. Captures the underlying type
-// of the enum in member type Type.
-template <typename T>
-struct UnderlyingType<T, std::true_type, std::false_type> {
-  using Type = typename std::underlying_type<T>::type;
-};
-// Partial specialization that matches integral types. Captures the type of the
-// integer in member type Type.
-template <typename T>
-struct UnderlyingType<T, std::false_type, std::true_type> {
-  using Type = T;
-};
-// Partial specialization that matches the wrapper types below. Captures
-// wrapper member type ValueType in member type Type.
-template <typename T>
-struct UnderlyingType<T, std::false_type, std::false_type,
-                      TestTypeExpression<typename T::ValueType>> {
-  using Type = typename T::ValueType;
-};
-
-// Enable if T is an enum with underlying type U.
-template <typename T, typename U, typename ReturnType = void>
-using EnableIfMatchingEnum = typename std::enable_if<
-    std::is_enum<T>::value &&
-        std::is_same<U, typename UnderlyingType<T>::Type>::value,
-    ReturnType>::type;
-
-// Enable if T and U are the same size/alignment and have the same underlying
-// type. Handles enum, integral, and wrapper classes below.
-template <typename T, typename U, typename Return = void>
-using EnableIfSafeCast = typename std::enable_if<
-    sizeof(T) == sizeof(U) && alignof(T) == alignof(U) &&
-        std::is_same<typename UnderlyingType<T>::Type,
-                     typename UnderlyingType<U>::Type>::value,
-    Return>::type;
-
-// Safely cast between std::vectors of matching enum/integer/wraper types.
-// Normally this is not possible with pendantic compiler type checks. However,
-// given the same size, alignment, and underlying type this is safe due to
-// allocator requirements and array-like element access guarantees.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-EnableIfSafeCast<T, U, std::vector<T>*> VectorCast(std::vector<U>* in) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<std::vector<T>*>(in);
-}
-
-// Translator classes that wrap specific HWC types to make translating
-// between different types (especially enum class) in code cleaner.
-
-// Base type for the enum wrappers below. This type provides type definitions
-// and implicit conversion logic common to each wrapper type.
-template <typename EnumType>
-struct Wrapper {
-  // Alias type of this instantiantion of Wrapper. Useful for inheriting
-  // constructors in subclasses via "using Base::Base;" statements.
-  using Base = Wrapper<EnumType>;
-
-  // The enum type wrapped by this instantiation of Wrapper.
-  using BaseType = EnumType;
-
-  // The underlying type of the base enum type.
-  using ValueType = typename UnderlyingType<BaseType>::Type;
-
-  // A default constructor is not defined here. Subclasses should define one
-  // as appropriate to define the correct inital value for the enum type.
-
-  // Default copy constructor.
-  Wrapper(const Wrapper&) = default;
-
-  // Implicit conversion from ValueType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Wrapper(ValueType value) : value(value) {}
-
-  // Implicit conversion from BaseType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Wrapper(BaseType value) : value(static_cast<ValueType>(value)) {}
-
-  // Implicit conversion from an enum type of the same underlying type.
-  template <typename T, typename = EnableIfMatchingEnum<T, ValueType>>
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Wrapper(const T& value) : value(static_cast<ValueType>(value)) {}
-
-  // Implicit conversion to BaseType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator BaseType() const { return static_cast<BaseType>(value); }
-
-  // Implicit conversion to ValueType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator ValueType() const { return value; }
-
-  template <typename T, typename = EnableIfMatchingEnum<T, ValueType>>
-  T cast() const {
-    return static_cast<T>(value);
-  }
-
-  // Converts to string using HWC2 stringification of BaseType.
-  std::string to_string() const {
-    return HWC2::to_string(static_cast<BaseType>(value));
-  }
-
-  bool operator!=(const Wrapper& other) const { return value != other.value; }
-  bool operator!=(ValueType other_value) const { return value != other_value; }
-  bool operator!=(BaseType other_value) const {
-    return static_cast<BaseType>(value) != other_value;
-  }
-  bool operator==(const Wrapper& other) const { return value == other.value; }
-  bool operator==(ValueType other_value) const { return value == other_value; }
-  bool operator==(BaseType other_value) const {
-    return static_cast<BaseType>(value) == other_value;
-  }
-
-  ValueType value;
-};
-
-struct Attribute final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Attribute> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_INVALID,
-    Width = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_WIDTH,
-    Height = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_HEIGHT,
-    VsyncPeriod = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_VSYNC_PERIOD,
-    DpiX = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_X,
-    DpiY = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_Y,
-  };
-
-  Attribute() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct BlendMode final : public Wrapper<HWC2::BlendMode> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_INVALID,
-    None = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_NONE,
-    Premultiplied = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED,
-    Coverage = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_COVERAGE,
-  };
-
-  BlendMode() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Composition final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Composition> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_COMPOSITION_INVALID,
-    Client = HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT,
-    Device = HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE,
-    SolidColor = HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR,
-    Cursor = HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR,
-    Sideband = HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND,
-  };
-
-  Composition() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct DisplayType final : public Wrapper<HWC2::DisplayType> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_INVALID,
-    Physical = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_PHYSICAL,
-    Virtual = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_VIRTUAL,
-  };
-
-  DisplayType() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Error final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Error> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    None = HWC2_ERROR_NONE,
-    BadConfig = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_CONFIG,
-    BadDisplay = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY,
-    BadLayer = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER,
-    BadParameter = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER,
-    HasChanges = HWC2_ERROR_HAS_CHANGES,
-    NoResources = HWC2_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES,
-    NotValidated = HWC2_ERROR_NOT_VALIDATED,
-    Unsupported = HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
-  };
-
-  Error() : Base(None) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct LayerRequest final : public Wrapper<HWC2::LayerRequest> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    ClearClientTarget = HWC2_LAYER_REQUEST_CLEAR_CLIENT_TARGET,
-  };
-
-  LayerRequest() : Base(0) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct PowerMode final : public Wrapper<HWC2::PowerMode> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Off = HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF,
-    DozeSuspend = HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND,
-    Doze = HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE,
-    On = HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON,
-  };
-
-  PowerMode() : Base(Off) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Transform final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Transform> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    None = 0,
-    FlipH = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H,
-    FlipV = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V,
-    Rotate90 = HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_90,
-    Rotate180 = HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_180,
-    Rotate270 = HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_270,
-    FlipHRotate90 = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H_ROT_90,
-    FlipVRotate90 = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V_ROT_90,
-  };
-
-  Transform() : Base(None) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Vsync final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Vsync> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_VSYNC_INVALID,
-    Enable = HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE,
-    Disable = HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE,
-  };
-
-  Vsync() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-// Utility color type.
-struct Color final {
-  Color(const Color&) = default;
-  Color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a) : r(r), g(g), b(b), a(a) {}
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Color(hwc_color_t color) : r(color.r), g(color.g), b(color.b), a(color.a) {}
-
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator hwc_color_t() const { return {r, g, b, a}; }
-
-  uint8_t r __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-  uint8_t g __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-  uint8_t b __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-  uint8_t a __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-};
-
-// Utility rectangle type.
-struct Rect final {
-  // TODO(eieio): Implicit conversion to/from Android rect types.
-
-  int32_t left __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-  int32_t top __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-  int32_t right __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-  int32_t bottom __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-};
-
-}  // namespace HWC
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_LIBVRFLINGER_HWCTYPES_H
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/include/dvr/vr_flinger.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/include/dvr/vr_flinger.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ae52076..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/include/dvr/vr_flinger.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_VR_FLINGER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_VR_FLINGER_H_
-
-#include <thread>
-#include <memory>
-
-#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
-#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
-
-#include <pdx/service_dispatcher.h>
-#include <vr/vr_manager/vr_manager.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace Hwc2 {
-class Composer;
-}  // namespace Hwc2
-
-namespace dvr {
-
-class DisplayService;
-
-class VrFlinger {
- public:
-  using RequestDisplayCallback = std::function<void(bool)>;
-  static std::unique_ptr<VrFlinger> Create(
-      Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-      hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-      RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-  ~VrFlinger();
-
-  // These functions are all called on surface flinger's main thread.
-  void OnBootFinished();
-  void GrantDisplayOwnership();
-  void SeizeDisplayOwnership();
-
-  // dump all vr flinger state.
-  std::string Dump();
-
- private:
-  VrFlinger();
-  bool Init(Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-            hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-            RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-
-  // Needs to be a separate class for binder's ref counting
-  class PersistentVrStateCallback : public BnPersistentVrStateCallbacks {
-   public:
-    explicit PersistentVrStateCallback(
-        RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback)
-        : request_display_callback_(request_display_callback) {}
-    void onPersistentVrStateChanged(bool enabled) override;
-   private:
-    RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback_;
-  };
-
-  std::thread dispatcher_thread_;
-  std::unique_ptr<android::pdx::ServiceDispatcher> dispatcher_;
-  std::shared_ptr<android::dvr::DisplayService> display_service_;
-  sp<PersistentVrStateCallback> persistent_vr_state_callback_;
-  RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback_;
-};
-
-} // namespace dvr
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_DVR_VR_FLINGER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 095f556..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-shared_libs = [
-    "android.hardware.configstore-utils",
-    "android.hardware.configstore@1.0",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "libgui",
-    "libhidlbase",
-    "liblog",
-    "libui",
-    "libutils",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-    "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
-]
-
-static_libs = [
-    "libdisplay",
-]
-
-cc_test {
-    srcs: ["vrflinger_test.cpp"],
-    // See go/apct-presubmit for documentation on how this .filter file is used
-    // by Android's automated testing infrastructure for test filtering.
-    data: ["vrflinger_test.filter"],
-    static_libs: static_libs,
-    shared_libs: shared_libs,
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"VrFlingerTest\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-O0",
-        "-g",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libsurfaceflinger_headers"],
-    name: "vrflinger_test",
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ac44f74..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.h>
-#include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
-#include <android/hardware/configstore/1.1/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
-#include <configstore/Utils.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
-#include <chrono>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <thread>
-
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-
-using namespace android::hardware::configstore;
-using namespace android::hardware::configstore::V1_0;
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayClient;
-using android::dvr::display::Surface;
-using android::dvr::display::SurfaceAttribute;
-using android::dvr::display::SurfaceAttributeValue;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// The transaction code for asking surface flinger if vr flinger is active. This
-// is done as a hidden api since it's only used for tests. See the "case 1028"
-// block in SurfaceFlinger::onTransact() in SurfaceFlinger.cpp.
-constexpr uint32_t kIsVrFlingerActiveTransactionCode = 1028;
-
-// The maximum amount of time to give vr flinger to activate/deactivate. If the
-// switch hasn't completed in this amount of time, the test will fail.
-constexpr auto kVrFlingerSwitchMaxTime = std::chrono::seconds(1);
-
-// How long to wait between each check to see if the vr flinger switch
-// completed.
-constexpr auto kVrFlingerSwitchPollInterval = std::chrono::milliseconds(50);
-
-// A Binder connection to surface flinger.
-class SurfaceFlingerConnection {
- public:
-  static std::unique_ptr<SurfaceFlingerConnection> Create() {
-    sp<ISurfaceComposer> surface_flinger = interface_cast<ISurfaceComposer>(
-        defaultServiceManager()->getService(String16("SurfaceFlinger")));
-    if (surface_flinger == nullptr) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return std::unique_ptr<SurfaceFlingerConnection>(
-        new SurfaceFlingerConnection(surface_flinger));
-  }
-
-  // Returns true if the surface flinger process is still running. We use this
-  // to detect if surface flinger has crashed.
-  bool IsAlive() {
-    IInterface::asBinder(surface_flinger_)->pingBinder();
-    return IInterface::asBinder(surface_flinger_)->isBinderAlive();
-  }
-
-  // Return true if vr flinger is currently active, false otherwise. If there's
-  // an error communicating with surface flinger, std::nullopt is returned.
-  std::optional<bool> IsVrFlingerActive() {
-    Parcel data, reply;
-    status_t result =
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(surface_flinger_->getInterfaceDescriptor());
-    if (result != OK) {
-      return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    result = IInterface::asBinder(surface_flinger_)
-                 ->transact(kIsVrFlingerActiveTransactionCode, data, &reply);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    bool vr_flinger_active;
-    result = reply.readBool(&vr_flinger_active);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    return vr_flinger_active;
-  }
-
-  enum class VrFlingerSwitchResult : int8_t {
-    kSuccess,
-    kTimedOut,
-    kCommunicationError,
-    kSurfaceFlingerDied
-  };
-
-  // Wait for vr flinger to become active or inactive.
-  VrFlingerSwitchResult WaitForVrFlinger(bool wait_active) {
-    return WaitForVrFlingerTimed(wait_active, kVrFlingerSwitchPollInterval,
-        kVrFlingerSwitchMaxTime);
-  }
-
-  // Wait for vr flinger to become active or inactive, specifying custom timeouts.
-  VrFlingerSwitchResult WaitForVrFlingerTimed(bool wait_active,
-      std::chrono::milliseconds pollInterval, std::chrono::seconds timeout) {
-    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    while (1) {
-      std::this_thread::sleep_for(pollInterval);
-      if (!IsAlive()) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSurfaceFlingerDied;
-      }
-      std::optional<bool> vr_flinger_active = IsVrFlingerActive();
-      if (!vr_flinger_active.has_value()) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kCommunicationError;
-      }
-      if (vr_flinger_active.value() == wait_active) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSuccess;
-      } else if (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time > timeout) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kTimedOut;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  SurfaceFlingerConnection(sp<ISurfaceComposer> surface_flinger)
-      : surface_flinger_(surface_flinger) {}
-
-  sp<ISurfaceComposer> surface_flinger_ = nullptr;
-};
-
-// This test activates vr flinger by creating a vr flinger surface, then
-// deactivates vr flinger by destroying the surface. We verify that vr flinger
-// is activated and deactivated as expected, and that surface flinger doesn't
-// crash.
-//
-// If the device doesn't support vr flinger (as repoted by ConfigStore), the
-// test does nothing.
-//
-// If the device is a standalone vr device, the test also does nothing, since
-// this test verifies the behavior of display handoff from surface flinger to vr
-// flinger and back, and standalone devices never hand control of the display
-// back to surface flinger.
-TEST(VrFlingerTest, ActivateDeactivate) {
-  android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
-
-  // Exit immediately if the device doesn't support vr flinger. This ConfigStore
-  // check is the same mechanism used by surface flinger to decide if it should
-  // initialize vr flinger.
-  bool vr_flinger_enabled = android::sysprop::use_vr_flinger(false);
-  if (!vr_flinger_enabled) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  auto surface_flinger_connection = SurfaceFlingerConnection::Create();
-  ASSERT_NE(surface_flinger_connection, nullptr);
-
-  // Verify we start off with vr flinger disabled.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(surface_flinger_connection->IsAlive());
-  auto vr_flinger_active = surface_flinger_connection->IsVrFlingerActive();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(vr_flinger_active.has_value());
-  ASSERT_FALSE(vr_flinger_active.value());
-
-  // Create a vr flinger surface, and verify vr flinger becomes active.
-  // Introduce a scope so that, at the end of the scope, the vr flinger surface
-  // is destroyed, and vr flinger deactivates.
-  {
-    auto display_client = DisplayClient::Create();
-    ASSERT_NE(display_client, nullptr);
-    auto metrics = display_client->GetDisplayMetrics();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(metrics.ok());
-
-    auto surface = Surface::CreateSurface({
-        {SurfaceAttribute::Direct, SurfaceAttributeValue(true)},
-        {SurfaceAttribute::Visible, SurfaceAttributeValue(true)},
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(surface.ok());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(surface.get() != nullptr);
-
-    auto queue = surface.get()->CreateQueue(
-        metrics.get().display_width, metrics.get().display_height,
-        /*layer_count=*/1, AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM,
-        AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_SAMPLED_IMAGE |
-            AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_COLOR_OUTPUT |
-            AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN,
-        /*capacity=*/1,
-        /*metadata_size=*/0);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(queue.ok());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(queue.get() != nullptr);
-
-    size_t slot;
-    pdx::LocalHandle release_fence;
-    auto buffer = queue.get()->Dequeue(/*timeout=*/0, &slot, &release_fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer.ok());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer.get() != nullptr);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(buffer.get()->width(), metrics.get().display_width);
-    ASSERT_EQ(buffer.get()->height(), metrics.get().display_height);
-
-    void* raw_buf = nullptr;
-    ASSERT_GE(buffer.get()->buffer()->Lock(
-                  AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN, /*x=*/0, /*y=*/0,
-                  buffer.get()->width(), buffer.get()->height(), &raw_buf),
-              0);
-    ASSERT_NE(raw_buf, nullptr);
-    uint32_t* pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(raw_buf);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < buffer.get()->stride() * buffer.get()->height(); ++i) {
-      pixels[i] = 0x0000ff00;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_GE(buffer.get()->buffer()->Unlock(), 0);
-
-    ASSERT_GE(buffer.get()->Post(/*ready_fence=*/pdx::LocalHandle()), 0);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(
-        surface_flinger_connection->WaitForVrFlinger(/*wait_active=*/true),
-        SurfaceFlingerConnection::VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSuccess);
-  }
-
-  // Now that the vr flinger surface is destroyed, vr flinger should deactivate.
-  ASSERT_EQ(
-      surface_flinger_connection->WaitForVrFlinger(/*wait_active=*/false),
-      SurfaceFlingerConnection::VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSuccess);
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.filter b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.filter
deleted file mode 100644
index 030bb7b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.filter
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-        "presubmit": {
-            "filter": "BootVrFlingerTest.*"
-        }
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/vr_flinger.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/vr_flinger.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a8a8476..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/vr_flinger.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-#include <dvr/vr_flinger.h>
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-
-#include "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h"
-#include "display_manager_service.h"
-#include "display_service.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-std::unique_ptr<VrFlinger> VrFlinger::Create(
-    Hwc2::Composer* hidl, hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-    RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback) {
-  std::unique_ptr<VrFlinger> vr_flinger(new VrFlinger);
-  if (vr_flinger->Init(hidl, primary_display_id, request_display_callback))
-    return vr_flinger;
-  else
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-VrFlinger::VrFlinger() {}
-
-VrFlinger::~VrFlinger() {
-  if (persistent_vr_state_callback_.get()) {
-    sp<IVrManager> vr_manager = interface_cast<IVrManager>(
-        defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16("vrmanager")));
-    if (vr_manager.get()) {
-      vr_manager->unregisterPersistentVrStateListener(
-          persistent_vr_state_callback_);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (dispatcher_)
-    dispatcher_->SetCanceled(true);
-  if (dispatcher_thread_.joinable())
-    dispatcher_thread_.join();
-}
-
-bool VrFlinger::Init(Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-                     hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                     RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback) {
-  if (!hidl || !request_display_callback)
-    return false;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<android::pdx::Service> service;
-
-  ALOGI("Starting up VrFlinger...");
-
-  // We need to be able to create endpoints with full perms.
-  umask(0000);
-
-  android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
-
-  request_display_callback_ = request_display_callback;
-
-  dispatcher_ = android::pdx::ServiceDispatcher::Create();
-  CHECK_ERROR(!dispatcher_, error, "Failed to create service dispatcher.");
-
-  display_service_ = android::dvr::DisplayService::Create(
-      hidl, primary_display_id, request_display_callback);
-  CHECK_ERROR(!display_service_, error, "Failed to create display service.");
-  dispatcher_->AddService(display_service_);
-
-  service = android::dvr::DisplayManagerService::Create(display_service_);
-  CHECK_ERROR(!service, error, "Failed to create display manager service.");
-  dispatcher_->AddService(service);
-
-  dispatcher_thread_ = std::thread([this]() {
-    prctl(PR_SET_NAME, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>("VrDispatch"), 0, 0, 0);
-    ALOGI("Entering message loop.");
-
-    setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, android::PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY);
-    set_sched_policy(0, SP_FOREGROUND);
-
-    int ret = dispatcher_->EnterDispatchLoop();
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      ALOGE("Dispatch loop exited because: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
-    }
-  });
-
-  return true;
-
-error:
-  return false;
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::OnBootFinished() {
-  display_service_->OnBootFinished();
-  sp<IVrManager> vr_manager = interface_cast<IVrManager>(
-      defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16("vrmanager")));
-  if (vr_manager.get()) {
-    persistent_vr_state_callback_ =
-        new PersistentVrStateCallback(request_display_callback_);
-    vr_manager->registerPersistentVrStateListener(
-        persistent_vr_state_callback_);
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("Unable to register vr flinger for persistent vr mode changes");
-  }
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::GrantDisplayOwnership() {
-  display_service_->GrantDisplayOwnership();
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::SeizeDisplayOwnership() {
-  display_service_->SeizeDisplayOwnership();
-}
-
-std::string VrFlinger::Dump() {
-  // TODO(karthikrs): Add more state information here.
-  return display_service_->DumpState(0/*unused*/);
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::PersistentVrStateCallback::onPersistentVrStateChanged(
-    bool enabled) {
-  ALOGV("Notified persistent vr mode is %s", enabled ? "on" : "off");
-  // TODO(eieio): Determine the correct signal to request display control.
-  // Persistent VR mode is not enough.
-  // request_display_callback_(enabled);
-}
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 25b3005..ea5799a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 // coordinates and SurfaceFlinger includes the display rotation in the input window transforms.
 bool isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled() {
     static const bool PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION =
-            sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation().value_or(false);
+            sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation().value_or(true);
 
     return PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION;
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
index 96c4378..197be98 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 // projection are part of the input window's transform. This means InputReader should work in the
 // un-rotated coordinate space.
 static bool isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled() {
-    return sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation().value_or(false);
+    return sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation().value_or(true);
 }
 
 static int32_t getInverseRotation(int32_t orientation) {
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/Android.bp
index bba6e22..1be5a96 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/Android.bp
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@
         "libsensor",
         "libsensorprivacy",
         "libpermission",
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp
index c285c00..46f00e8 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp
@@ -92,31 +92,13 @@
 }
 
 status_t ProximitySensor::activate(void* ident, bool enabled) {
-    bool lastState = mSensorDevice.isSensorActive(mSensor.getHandle());
-
     status_t status = HardwareSensor::activate(ident, enabled);
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         return status;
     }
-
-    bool currentState = mSensorDevice.isSensorActive(mSensor.getHandle());
-    if (currentState != lastState) {
-        mSensorService.onProximityActiveLocked(currentState);
-    }
+    mSensorService.checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void ProximitySensor::willDisableAllSensors() {
-    if (mSensorDevice.isSensorActive(mSensor.getHandle())) {
-        mSensorService.onProximityActiveLocked(false);
-    }
-}
-
-void ProximitySensor::didEnableAllSensors() {
-    if (mSensorDevice.isSensorActive(mSensor.getHandle())) {
-        mSensorService.onProximityActiveLocked(true);
-    }
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h
index 4e9f7bf..5704359 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@
     virtual const Sensor& getSensor() const = 0;
     virtual bool isVirtual() const = 0;
     virtual void autoDisable(void* /*ident*/, int /*handle*/) = 0;
-
-    virtual void willDisableAllSensors() = 0;
-    virtual void didEnableAllSensors() = 0;
 };
 
 class BaseSensor : public SensorInterface {
@@ -70,8 +67,6 @@
     virtual const Sensor& getSensor() const override { return mSensor; }
     virtual void autoDisable(void* /*ident*/, int /*handle*/) override { }
 
-    virtual void willDisableAllSensors() override { }
-    virtual void didEnableAllSensors() override { }
 protected:
     SensorDevice& mSensorDevice;
     Sensor mSensor;
@@ -115,8 +110,6 @@
 
     status_t activate(void* ident, bool enabled) override;
 
-    void willDisableAllSensors() override;
-    void didEnableAllSensors() override;
 private:
     SensorService& mSensorService;
 };
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
index 8c3a24f..32a0110 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 
 SensorService::SensorService()
     : mInitCheck(NO_INIT), mSocketBufferSize(SOCKET_BUFFER_SIZE_NON_BATCHED),
-      mWakeLockAcquired(false), mProximityActiveCount(0) {
+      mWakeLockAcquired(false), mLastReportedProxIsActive(false) {
     mUidPolicy = new UidPolicy(this);
     mSensorPrivacyPolicy = new SensorPrivacyPolicy(this);
 }
@@ -204,9 +204,11 @@
                 }
                 if (useThisSensor) {
                     if (list[i].type == SENSOR_TYPE_PROXIMITY) {
-                        registerSensor(new ProximitySensor(list[i], *this));
+                        SensorInterface* s = new ProximitySensor(list[i], *this);
+                        registerSensor(s);
+                        mProxSensorHandles.push_back(s->getSensor().getHandle());
                     } else {
-                        registerSensor( new HardwareSensor(list[i]) );
+                        registerSensor(new HardwareSensor(list[i]));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -331,6 +333,7 @@
             conn->onSensorAccessChanged(hasAccess);
         }
     }
+    checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked();
 }
 
 bool SensorService::hasSensorAccess(uid_t uid, const String16& opPackageName) {
@@ -680,11 +683,8 @@
         bool hasAccess = hasSensorAccessLocked(conn->getUid(), conn->getOpPackageName());
         conn->onSensorAccessChanged(hasAccess);
     }
-    mSensors.forEachEntry([](const SensorServiceUtil::SensorList::Entry& e) {
-        e.si->willDisableAllSensors();
-        return true;
-    });
     dev.disableAllSensors();
+    checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked();
     // Clear all pending flush connections for all active sensors. If one of the active
     // connections has called flush() and the underlying sensor has been disabled before a
     // flush complete event is returned, we need to remove the connection from this queue.
@@ -709,14 +709,11 @@
     }
     SensorDevice& dev(SensorDevice::getInstance());
     dev.enableAllSensors();
-    mSensors.forEachEntry([](const SensorServiceUtil::SensorList::Entry& e) {
-        e.si->didEnableAllSensors();
-        return true;
-    });
     for (const sp<SensorDirectConnection>& conn : connLock->getDirectConnections()) {
         bool hasAccess = hasSensorAccessLocked(conn->getUid(), conn->getOpPackageName());
         conn->onSensorAccessChanged(hasAccess);
     }
+    checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked();
 }
 
 void SensorService::capRates(userid_t userId) {
@@ -1538,10 +1535,7 @@
     if (err == NO_ERROR) {
         mCurrentOperatingMode = NORMAL;
         dev.enableAllSensors();
-        mSensors.forEachEntry([](const SensorServiceUtil::SensorList::Entry& e) {
-            e.si->didEnableAllSensors();
-            return true;
-        });
+        checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked();
     }
     return err;
 }
@@ -1606,28 +1600,26 @@
     mConnectionHolder.removeDirectConnection(c);
 }
 
-void SensorService::onProximityActiveLocked(bool isActive) {
-    int prevCount = mProximityActiveCount;
-    bool activeStateChanged = false;
-    if (isActive) {
-        mProximityActiveCount++;
-        activeStateChanged = prevCount == 0;
-    } else {
-        mProximityActiveCount--;
-        if (mProximityActiveCount < 0) {
-            ALOGE("Proximity active count is negative (%d)!", mProximityActiveCount);
-        }
-        activeStateChanged = prevCount > 0 && mProximityActiveCount <= 0;
-    }
+void SensorService::checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked() {
+    if (mProxSensorHandles.empty()) return;
 
-    if (activeStateChanged) {
-        notifyProximityStateLocked(mProximityActiveListeners);
+    SensorDevice& dev(SensorDevice::getInstance());
+    bool isActive = false;
+    for (auto& sensor : mProxSensorHandles) {
+        if (dev.isSensorActive(sensor)) {
+            isActive = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (isActive != mLastReportedProxIsActive) {
+        notifyProximityStateLocked(isActive, mProximityActiveListeners);
+        mLastReportedProxIsActive = isActive;
     }
 }
 
 void SensorService::notifyProximityStateLocked(
+        const bool isActive,
         const std::vector<sp<ProximityActiveListener>>& listeners) {
-    const bool isActive = mProximityActiveCount > 0;
     const uint64_t mySeq = ++curProxCallbackSeq;
     std::thread t([isActive, mySeq, listenersCopy = listeners]() {
         while (completedCallbackSeq.load() != mySeq - 1)
@@ -1655,7 +1647,7 @@
 
     mProximityActiveListeners.push_back(callback);
     std::vector<sp<ProximityActiveListener>> listener(1, callback);
-    notifyProximityStateLocked(listener);
+    notifyProximityStateLocked(mLastReportedProxIsActive, listener);
     return OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
index def6611..b059e61 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
@@ -103,8 +103,9 @@
     void cleanupConnection(SensorDirectConnection* c);
 
     // Call with mLock held.
-    void onProximityActiveLocked(bool isActive);
-    void notifyProximityStateLocked(const std::vector<sp<ProximityActiveListener>>& listeners);
+    void checkAndReportProxStateChangeLocked();
+    void notifyProximityStateLocked(const bool isActive,
+                                    const std::vector<sp<ProximityActiveListener>>& listeners);
 
     status_t enable(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection, int handle,
                     nsecs_t samplingPeriodNs,  nsecs_t maxBatchReportLatencyNs, int reservedFlags,
@@ -496,8 +497,11 @@
     // Checks if the mic sensor privacy is enabled for the uid
     bool isMicSensorPrivacyEnabledForUid(uid_t uid);
 
-    // Counts how many proximity sensors are currently active.
-    int mProximityActiveCount;
+    // Keeps track of the handles of all proximity sensors in the system.
+    std::vector<int32_t> mProxSensorHandles;
+    // The last proximity sensor active state reported to listeners.
+    bool mLastReportedProxIsActive;
+    // Listeners subscribed to receive updates on the proximity sensor active state.
     std::vector<sp<ProximityActiveListener>> mProximityActiveListeners;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index af012cd..56b8374 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -39,15 +39,19 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
-        "android.hardware.power-V1-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.power-V2-cpp",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libEGL",
         "libfmq",
@@ -69,18 +73,21 @@
         "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libframetimeline",
         "libperfetto_client_experimental",
         "librenderengine",
         "libserviceutils",
         "libtrace_proto",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "libcompositionengine",
@@ -95,6 +102,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
         "libhidlbase",
         "libtimestats",
@@ -102,7 +110,7 @@
     // TODO (marissaw): this library is not used by surfaceflinger. This is here so
     // the library compiled in a way that is accessible to system partition when running
     // IMapper's VTS.
-    required: ["libgralloctypes"]
+    required: ["libgralloctypes"],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
@@ -144,6 +152,8 @@
         "EffectLayer.cpp",
         "ContainerLayer.cpp",
         "DisplayDevice.cpp",
+        "DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp",
+        "DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp",
         "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp",
         "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.cpp",
         "DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp",
@@ -191,6 +201,7 @@
         "SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp",
         "SurfaceInterceptor.cpp",
         "SurfaceTracing.cpp",
+        "Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp",
         "TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp",
         "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.cpp",
     ],
@@ -249,7 +260,7 @@
         "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
     ],
 
-     logtags: ["EventLog/EventLogTags.logtags"],
+    logtags: ["EventLog/EventLogTags.logtags"],
 }
 
 subdirs = [
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 82c91e7..861d496 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@
     return ((s.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque) != 0) || getOpacityForFormat(getPixelFormat());
 }
 
+bool BufferLayer::canReceiveInput() const {
+    return !isHiddenByPolicy() && (mBufferInfo.mBuffer == nullptr || getAlpha() > 0.0f);
+}
+
 bool BufferLayer::isVisible() const {
     return !isHiddenByPolicy() && getAlpha() > 0.0f &&
             (mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr || mSidebandStream != nullptr);
@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@
          * of a camera where the buffer remains in native orientation,
          * we want the pixels to always be upright.
          */
-        auto p = mDrawingParent;
+        sp<Layer> p = mDrawingParent.promote();
         if (p != nullptr) {
             const auto parentTransform = p->getTransform();
             tr = tr * inverseOrientation(parentTransform.getOrientation());
@@ -485,7 +489,7 @@
     // try again later
     if (!fenceHasSignaled()) {
         ATRACE_NAME("!fenceHasSignaled()");
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
index 61e7ac5..8c4c8b7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
     void useEmptyDamage() override;
 
     bool isOpaque(const Layer::State& s) const override;
+    bool canReceiveInput() const override;
 
     // isVisible - true if this layer is visible, false otherwise
     bool isVisible() const override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
index f98681e..4e5d2d0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@
 // Interface implementation for Layer
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void BufferQueueLayer::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
+void BufferQueueLayer::onLayerDisplayed(
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) {
+    sp<Fence> releaseFence = new Fence(dup(futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence));
     mConsumer->setReleaseFence(releaseFence);
 
     // Prevent tracing the same release multiple times.
@@ -218,7 +220,7 @@
     if (updateResult == BufferQueue::PRESENT_LATER) {
         // Producer doesn't want buffer to be displayed yet.  Signal a
         // layer update so we check again at the next opportunity.
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
         return BAD_VALUE;
     } else if (updateResult == BufferLayerConsumer::BUFFER_REJECTED) {
         // If the buffer has been rejected, remove it from the shadow queue
@@ -299,7 +301,7 @@
     // Decrement the queued-frames count.  Signal another event if we
     // have more frames pending.
     if ((queuedBuffer && more_frames_pending) || mAutoRefresh) {
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
 
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -402,7 +404,7 @@
     mFlinger->mInterceptor->saveBufferUpdate(layerId, item.mGraphicBuffer->getWidth(),
                                              item.mGraphicBuffer->getHeight(), item.mFrameNumber);
 
-    mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+    mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     mConsumer->onBufferAvailable(item);
 }
 
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@
     bool sidebandStreamChanged = false;
     if (mSidebandStreamChanged.compare_exchange_strong(sidebandStreamChanged, true)) {
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was changed to true
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
index a3bd725..dfdb5c0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
     // Implements Layer.
     const char* getType() const override { return "BufferQueueLayer"; }
 
-    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(
+            std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) override;
 
     // If a buffer was replaced this frame, release the former buffer
     void releasePendingBuffer(nsecs_t dequeueReadyTime) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index 132ee9d..c0753f9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -70,69 +70,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-status_t BufferStateLayer::addReleaseFence(const sp<CallbackHandle>& ch,
-                                           const sp<Fence>& fence) {
-    if (ch == nullptr) {
-        return OK;
-    }
-    ch->previousReleaseCallbackId = mPreviousReleaseCallbackId;
-    if (!ch->previousReleaseFence.get()) {
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-        return OK;
-    }
-
-    // Below logic is lifted from ConsumerBase.cpp:
-    // Check status of fences first because merging is expensive.
-    // Merging an invalid fence with any other fence results in an
-    // invalid fence.
-    auto currentStatus = ch->previousReleaseFence->getStatus();
-    if (currentStatus == Fence::Status::Invalid) {
-        ALOGE("Existing fence has invalid state, layer: %s", mName.c_str());
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    auto incomingStatus = fence->getStatus();
-    if (incomingStatus == Fence::Status::Invalid) {
-        ALOGE("New fence has invalid state, layer: %s", mName.c_str());
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    // If both fences are signaled or both are unsignaled, we need to merge
-    // them to get an accurate timestamp.
-    if (currentStatus == incomingStatus) {
-        char fenceName[32] = {};
-        snprintf(fenceName, 32, "%.28s", mName.c_str());
-        sp<Fence> mergedFence = Fence::merge(
-                fenceName, ch->previousReleaseFence, fence);
-        if (!mergedFence.get()) {
-            ALOGE("failed to merge release fences, layer: %s", mName.c_str());
-            // synchronization is broken, the best we can do is hope fences
-            // signal in order so the new fence will act like a union
-            ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-            return BAD_VALUE;
-        }
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = mergedFence;
-    } else if (incomingStatus == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
-        // If one fence has signaled and the other hasn't, the unsignaled
-        // fence will approximately correspond with the correct timestamp.
-        // There's a small race if both fences signal at about the same time
-        // and their statuses are retrieved with unfortunate timing. However,
-        // by this point, they will have both signaled and only the timestamp
-        // will be slightly off; any dependencies after this point will
-        // already have been met.
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-    }
-    // else if (currentStatus == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) is a no-op.
-
-    return OK;
-}
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Interface implementation for Layer
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-void BufferStateLayer::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
-
+void BufferStateLayer::onLayerDisplayed(
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) {
     // If a layer has been displayed again we may need to clear
     // the mLastClientComposition fence that we use for early release in setBuffer
     // (as we now have a new fence which won't pass through the client composition path in some cases
@@ -146,9 +88,6 @@
         mLastClientCompositionDisplayed = true;
     }
 
-    if (!releaseFence->isValid()) {
-        return;
-    }
     // The previous release fence notifies the client that SurfaceFlinger is done with the previous
     // buffer that was presented on this layer. The first transaction that came in this frame that
     // replaced the previous buffer on this layer needs this release fence, because the fence will
@@ -173,17 +112,17 @@
             break;
         }
     }
-    auto status = addReleaseFence(ch, releaseFence);
-    if (status != OK) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to add release fence for layer %s", getName().c_str());
-    }
-
-    mPreviousReleaseFence = releaseFence;
 
     // Prevent tracing the same release multiple times.
     if (mPreviousFrameNumber != mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber) {
         mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber = mPreviousFrameNumber;
     }
+
+    if (ch != nullptr) {
+        ch->previousReleaseCallbackId = mPreviousReleaseCallbackId;
+        ch->previousReleaseFences.emplace_back(futureRenderEngineResult);
+        ch->name = mName;
+    }
 }
 
 void BufferStateLayer::onSurfaceFrameCreated(
@@ -231,9 +170,18 @@
     mFlinger->getTransactionCallbackInvoker().addCallbackHandles(
             mDrawingState.callbackHandles, jankData);
 
+    sp<Fence> releaseFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
+    for (auto& handle : mDrawingState.callbackHandles) {
+        if (handle->releasePreviousBuffer &&
+            mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
+            releaseFence =
+                    handle->previousReleaseFence ? handle->previousReleaseFence : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     mDrawingState.callbackHandles = {};
 
-    const sp<Fence>& releaseFence(mPreviousReleaseFence);
     std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> releaseFenceTime = std::make_shared<FenceTime>(releaseFence);
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mFrameEventHistoryMutex);
@@ -595,7 +543,7 @@
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     if (!mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(true)) {
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was false
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -713,7 +661,7 @@
 
 void BufferStateLayer::setAutoRefresh(bool autoRefresh) {
     if (!mAutoRefresh.exchange(autoRefresh)) {
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
 }
 
@@ -989,7 +937,7 @@
  * how to go from screen space back to window space.
  */
 ui::Transform BufferStateLayer::getInputTransform() const {
-    auto parent = mDrawingParent;
+    sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
     if (parent == nullptr) {
         return ui::Transform();
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
index 87b68ea..eea700c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
     // Implements Layer.
     const char* getType() const override { return "BufferStateLayer"; }
 
-    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(
+            std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) override;
+
     void releasePendingBuffer(nsecs_t dequeueReadyTime) override;
 
     void finalizeFrameEventHistory(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
@@ -115,8 +117,6 @@
     bool updateFrameEventHistory(const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postedTime,
                                  nsecs_t requestedPresentTime);
 
-    status_t addReleaseFence(const sp<CallbackHandle>& ch, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence);
-
     bool latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) override;
 
     bool hasFrameUpdate() const override;
@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> getBufferFromBufferData(
             const BufferData& bufferData);
 
-    sp<Fence> mPreviousReleaseFence;
     ReleaseCallbackId mPreviousReleaseCallbackId = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID;
     uint64_t mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
index d738ccd..83b4a25 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
         "libbase",
@@ -38,12 +39,14 @@
         "libmath",
         "librenderengine",
         "libtrace_proto",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
         "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
index 95d553d..93586ed 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@
     // to prevent an early presentation of a frame.
     std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> previousPresentFence;
 
-    // The predicted next invalidation time
-    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextInvalidateTime;
+    // If set, a frame has been scheduled for that time.
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> scheduledFrameTime;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
index f7b71cf..ac243c0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <future>
 #include <optional>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
 #include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@
             ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) = 0;
 
     // Called after the layer is displayed to update the presentation fence
-    virtual void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>&) = 0;
+    virtual void onLayerDisplayed(std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>) = 0;
 
     // Gets some kind of identifier for the layer for debug purposes.
     virtual const char* getDebugName() const = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
index d215bda..16aebef 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
                  std::vector<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                          compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&));
 
-    MOCK_METHOD1(onLayerDisplayed, void(const sp<Fence>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(onLayerDisplayed, void(std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>));
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getDebugName, const char*());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getSequence, int32_t());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index 048d7c2..6800004 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h>
+#include <ftl/future.h>
 
 #include <thread>
 
@@ -1097,12 +1098,12 @@
         setExpensiveRenderingExpected(true);
     }
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> clientCompositionLayerPointers;
-    clientCompositionLayerPointers.reserve(clientCompositionLayers.size());
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> clientRenderEngineLayers;
+    clientRenderEngineLayers.reserve(clientCompositionLayers.size());
     std::transform(clientCompositionLayers.begin(), clientCompositionLayers.end(),
-                   std::back_inserter(clientCompositionLayerPointers),
-                   [](LayerFE::LayerSettings& settings) -> renderengine::LayerSettings* {
-                       return &settings;
+                   std::back_inserter(clientRenderEngineLayers),
+                   [](LayerFE::LayerSettings& settings) -> renderengine::LayerSettings {
+                       return settings;
                    });
 
     const nsecs_t renderEngineStart = systemTime();
@@ -1115,7 +1116,7 @@
     const bool useFramebufferCache = outputState.layerFilter.toInternalDisplay;
     auto [status, drawFence] =
             renderEngine
-                    .drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, tex,
+                    .drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientRenderEngineLayers, tex,
                                 useFramebufferCache, std::move(fd))
                     .get();
 
@@ -1295,8 +1296,10 @@
             releaseFence =
                     Fence::merge("LayerRelease", releaseFence, frame.clientTargetAcquireFence);
         }
-
-        layer->getLayerFE().onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
+        layer->getLayerFE().onLayerDisplayed(
+                ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                        {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd(releaseFence->dup())})
+                        .share());
     }
 
     // We've got a list of layers needing fences, that are disjoint with
@@ -1304,7 +1307,9 @@
     // supply them with the present fence.
     for (auto& weakLayer : mReleasedLayers) {
         if (auto layer = weakLayer.promote(); layer != nullptr) {
-            layer->onLayerDisplayed(frame.presentFence);
+            layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                                            {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd(frame.presentFence->dup())})
+                                            .share());
         }
     }
 
@@ -1314,7 +1319,7 @@
 
 void Output::renderCachedSets(const CompositionRefreshArgs& refreshArgs) {
     if (mPlanner) {
-        mPlanner->renderCachedSets(getState(), refreshArgs.nextInvalidateTime);
+        mPlanner->renderCachedSets(getState(), refreshArgs.scheduledFrameTime);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
index e6b716e..ec52e59 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
@@ -193,11 +193,6 @@
                              clientCompositionList.cend());
     }
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layerSettingsPointers;
-    std::transform(layerSettings.cbegin(), layerSettings.cend(),
-                   std::back_inserter(layerSettingsPointers),
-                   [](const renderengine::LayerSettings& settings) { return &settings; });
-
     renderengine::LayerSettings blurLayerSettings;
     if (mBlurLayer) {
         auto blurSettings = targetSettings;
@@ -212,7 +207,7 @@
         blurLayerSettings.name = std::string("blur layer");
         // Clear out the shadow settings
         blurLayerSettings.shadow = {};
-        layerSettingsPointers.push_back(&blurLayerSettings);
+        layerSettings.push_back(blurLayerSettings);
     }
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings holePunchSettings;
@@ -230,7 +225,7 @@
         holePunchSettings.disableBlending = true;
         holePunchSettings.alpha = 0.0f;
         holePunchSettings.name = std::string("hole punch layer");
-        layerSettingsPointers.push_back(&holePunchSettings);
+        layerSettings.push_back(holePunchSettings);
 
         // Add a solid background as the first layer in case there is no opaque
         // buffer behind the punch hole
@@ -239,7 +234,7 @@
         holePunchBackgroundSettings.geometry.boundaries = holePunchSettings.geometry.boundaries;
         holePunchBackgroundSettings.geometry.positionTransform =
                 holePunchSettings.geometry.positionTransform;
-        layerSettingsPointers.insert(layerSettingsPointers.begin(), &holePunchBackgroundSettings);
+        layerSettings.emplace(layerSettings.begin(), holePunchBackgroundSettings);
     }
 
     if (sDebugHighlighLayers) {
@@ -257,7 +252,7 @@
                 .alpha = half(0.05f),
         };
 
-        layerSettingsPointers.emplace_back(&highlight);
+        layerSettings.emplace_back(highlight);
     }
 
     auto texture = texturePool.borrowTexture();
@@ -273,8 +268,8 @@
     }
 
     auto [status, drawFence] = renderEngine
-                                       .drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers,
-                                                   texture->get(), false, std::move(bufferFence))
+                                       .drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettings, texture->get(),
+                                                   false, std::move(bufferFence))
                                        .get();
 
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
index fc8cb50..db4151b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
@@ -29,11 +29,21 @@
     PowerAdvisor();
     ~PowerAdvisor() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD0(init, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(onBootFinished, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setExpensiveRenderingExpected, void(DisplayId displayId, bool expected));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(isUsingExpensiveRendering, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, void());
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, init, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onBootFinished, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setExpensiveRenderingExpected, (DisplayId displayId, bool expected),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isUsingExpensiveRendering, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, usePowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t targetDurationNanos), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPowerHintSessionThreadIds, (const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, sendActualWorkDuration, (int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, enablePowerHint, (bool enabled), (override));
 };
 
 } // namespace mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index 8f0028c..cf63ef5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h>
 #include <compositionengine/mock/OutputLayer.h>
 #include <compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h>
+#include <ftl/future.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
@@ -2884,12 +2885,24 @@
     // are passed. This happens to work with the current implementation, but
     // would not survive certain calls like Fence::merge() which would return a
     // new instance.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer1Fence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer2Fence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer3Fence.get()))));
+    base::unique_fd layer1FD(layer1Fence->dup());
+    base::unique_fd layer2FD(layer2Fence->dup());
+    base::unique_fd layer3FD(layer3Fence->dup());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layer1FD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                          futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layer1FD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layer2FD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                          futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layer2FD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layer3FD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                          futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layer3FD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 }
@@ -2915,9 +2928,9 @@
     // Fence::merge is called, and since none of the fences are actually valid,
     // Fence::NO_FENCE is returned and passed to each onLayerDisplayed() call.
     // This is the best we can do without creating a real kernel fence object.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed).WillOnce(Return());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed).WillOnce(Return());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed).WillOnce(Return());
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 }
@@ -2949,12 +2962,22 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, onPresentDisplayCompleted());
 
     // Each released layer should be given the presentFence.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer1,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(presentFence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer2,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(presentFence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer3,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(presentFence.get()))));
+    base::unique_fd layerFD(presentFence.get()->dup());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer1, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layerFD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                         futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layerFD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer2, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layerFD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                         futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layerFD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer3, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layerFD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                         futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layerFD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 
@@ -3131,9 +3154,9 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, IsEmpty(), _, false, _))
             .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd &&)
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
                                     -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                 return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
             });
@@ -3161,11 +3184,11 @@
                     }));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
             .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd &&)
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
                                     -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                 return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
             });
@@ -3196,11 +3219,11 @@
                     }));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, true, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, true, _))
             .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd &&)
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
                                     -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                 return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
             });
@@ -3226,7 +3249,7 @@
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
             .Times(2)
             .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
                     futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))))
@@ -3258,7 +3281,7 @@
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
                     futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, setExpensiveRenderingExpected(false));
@@ -3294,11 +3317,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(mOutputBuffer))
             .WillOnce(Return(otherOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
             .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd &&)
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
                                     -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                 return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
             });
@@ -3330,10 +3353,10 @@
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
                     futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r3)), _, false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r3), _, false, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
                     futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
@@ -3487,9 +3510,9 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _))
                 .WillRepeatedly(
                         [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                            const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                            const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                            base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                            base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                             return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
                                     {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
                         });
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
index ecb05f8..42b3d97 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
@@ -346,15 +346,15 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers =
             [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation()),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0]->alpha);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1]->alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0].alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1].alpha);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::SRGB, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
         return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
@@ -398,15 +398,15 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers =
             [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation()),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0]->alpha);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1]->alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0].alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1].alpha);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::SRGB, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
 
         return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
@@ -453,15 +453,15 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers =
             [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation()),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0]->alpha);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1]->alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0].alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1].alpha);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::SRGB, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
 
         return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
@@ -656,26 +656,26 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers =
             [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         // If the highlight layer is enabled, it will increase the size by 1.
         // We're interested in the third layer either way.
         EXPECT_GE(layers.size(), 4u);
         {
-            const auto* holePunchSettings = layers[3];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchSettings = layers[3];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings.alpha);
         }
 
         {
-            const auto* holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings.alpha);
         }
 
         return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
@@ -717,27 +717,27 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers =
             [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         // If the highlight layer is enabled, it will increase the size by 1.
         // We're interested in the third layer either way.
         EXPECT_GE(layers.size(), 4u);
 
         {
-            const auto* holePunchSettings = layers[3];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchSettings = layers[3];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings.alpha);
         }
 
         {
-            const auto* holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings.alpha);
         }
 
         return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
@@ -867,16 +867,16 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers =
             [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         // If the highlight layer is enabled, it will increase the size by 1.
         // We're interested in the third layer either way.
         EXPECT_GE(layers.size(), 3u);
-        const auto* blurSettings = layers[2];
-        EXPECT_TRUE(blurSettings->skipContentDraw);
-        EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), blurSettings->source.solidColor);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, blurSettings->alpha);
+        const auto blurSettings = layers[2];
+        EXPECT_TRUE(blurSettings.skipContentDraw);
+        EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), blurSettings.source.solidColor);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, blurSettings.alpha);
 
         return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 3397118..fd09ae4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -466,9 +466,9 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::onInvalidate() {
+void DisplayDevice::animateRefreshRateOverlay() {
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
-        mRefreshRateOverlay->onInvalidate();
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->animate();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 4a731bd..4b9718f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
     void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner);
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const { return mRefreshRateOverlay != nullptr; }
     bool onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId>, bool timerExpired);
-    void onInvalidate();
+    void animateRefreshRateOverlay();
 
     void onVsync(nsecs_t timestamp);
     nsecs_t getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba57be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "HwcComposer"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "AidlComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/BnComposerCallback.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using hardware::hidl_handle;
+using hardware::hidl_vec;
+using hardware::Return;
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::BnComposerCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PowerMode;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VirtualDisplay;
+
+using AidlColorMode = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ColorMode;
+using AidlContentType = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ContentType;
+using AidlDisplayIdentification =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayIdentification;
+using AidlDisplayContentSample = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayContentSample;
+using AidlDisplayAttribute = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayAttribute;
+using AidlDisplayCapability = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayCapability;
+using AidlExecuteCommandsStatus =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ExecuteCommandsStatus;
+using AidlHdrCapabilities = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HdrCapabilities;
+using AidlPerFrameMetadata = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadata;
+using AidlPerFrameMetadataKey = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataKey;
+using AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataBlob;
+using AidlRenderIntent = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::RenderIntent;
+using AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints;
+using AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline;
+using AidlLayerGenericMetadataKey =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::LayerGenericMetadataKey;
+using AidlDisplayContentSamplingAttributes =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayContentSamplingAttributes;
+using AidlFormatColorComponent = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::FormatColorComponent;
+using AidlDisplayConnectionType =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayConnectionType;
+using AidlIComposerClient = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::IComposerClient;
+
+using AidlColorTransform = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::ColorTransform;
+using AidlDataspace = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace;
+using AidlFRect = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::FRect;
+using AidlRect = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Rect;
+using AidlTransform = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Transform;
+
+namespace Hwc2 {
+
+namespace {
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+To translate(From x) {
+    return static_cast<To>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+std::vector<To> translate(const std::vector<From>& in) {
+    std::vector<To> out;
+    out.reserve(in.size());
+    std::transform(in.begin(), in.end(), std::back_inserter(out),
+                   [](From x) { return translate<To>(x); });
+    return out;
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlRect translate(IComposerClient::Rect x) {
+    return AidlRect{
+            .left = x.left,
+            .top = x.top,
+            .right = x.right,
+            .bottom = x.bottom,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlFRect translate(IComposerClient::FRect x) {
+    return AidlFRect{
+            .left = x.left,
+            .top = x.top,
+            .right = x.right,
+            .bottom = x.bottom,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+Color translate(IComposerClient::Color x) {
+    return Color{
+            .r = static_cast<int8_t>(x.r),
+            .g = static_cast<int8_t>(x.g),
+            .b = static_cast<int8_t>(x.b),
+            .a = static_cast<int8_t>(x.a),
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob translate(IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob x) {
+    AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob blob;
+    blob.key = translate<AidlPerFrameMetadataKey>(x.key),
+    std::copy(blob.blob.begin(), blob.blob.end(), x.blob.begin());
+    return blob;
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlPerFrameMetadata translate(IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata x) {
+    return AidlPerFrameMetadata{
+            .key = translate<AidlPerFrameMetadataKey>(x.key),
+            .value = x.value,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+DisplayedFrameStats translate(AidlDisplayContentSample x) {
+    return DisplayedFrameStats{
+            .numFrames = static_cast<uint64_t>(x.frameCount),
+            .component_0_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent0),
+            .component_1_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent1),
+            .component_2_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent2),
+            .component_3_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent3),
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints translate(IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints x) {
+    return AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints{
+            .desiredTimeNanos = x.desiredTimeNanos,
+            .seamlessRequired = x.seamlessRequired,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline translate(AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline x) {
+    return VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline{
+            .newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos = x.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos,
+            .refreshRequired = x.refreshRequired,
+            .refreshTimeNanos = x.refreshTimeNanos,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey translate(AidlLayerGenericMetadataKey x) {
+    return IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey{
+            .name = x.name,
+            .mandatory = x.mandatory,
+    };
+}
+
+mat4 makeMat4(std::vector<float> in) {
+    return mat4(static_cast<const float*>(in.data()));
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+class AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper : public BnComposerCallback {
+public:
+    AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper(sp<V2_4::IComposerCallback> callback)
+          : mCallback(std::move(callback)) {}
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onHotplug(int64_t in_display, bool in_connected) override {
+        const auto connection = in_connected ? V2_4::IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED
+                                             : V2_4::IComposerCallback::Connection::DISCONNECTED;
+        mCallback->onHotplug(translate<Display>(in_display), connection);
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onRefresh(int64_t in_display) override {
+        mCallback->onRefresh(translate<Display>(in_display));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onSeamlessPossible(int64_t in_display) override {
+        mCallback->onSeamlessPossible(translate<Display>(in_display));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onVsync(int64_t in_display, int64_t in_timestamp,
+                                 int32_t in_vsyncPeriodNanos) override {
+        mCallback->onVsync_2_4(translate<Display>(in_display), in_timestamp,
+                               static_cast<uint32_t>(in_vsyncPeriodNanos));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
+            int64_t in_display, const AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& in_updatedTimeline) override {
+        mCallback->onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(translate<Display>(in_display),
+                                              translate<V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline>(
+                                                      in_updatedTimeline));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+private:
+    sp<V2_4::IComposerCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+std::string AidlComposer::instance(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    return std::string(AidlIComposer::descriptor) + "/" + serviceName;
+}
+
+bool AidlComposer::isDeclared(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    return AServiceManager_isDeclared(instance(serviceName).c_str());
+}
+
+AidlComposer::AidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName) : mWriter(kWriterInitialSize) {
+    // This only waits if the service is actually declared
+    mAidlComposer = AidlIComposer::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(instance(serviceName).c_str())));
+    if (!mAidlComposer) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Failed to get AIDL composer service");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!mAidlComposer->createClient(&mAidlComposerClient).isOk()) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Can't create AidlComposerClient, fallback to HIDL");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("Loaded AIDL composer3 HAL service");
+}
+
+AidlComposer::~AidlComposer() = default;
+
+std::vector<IComposer::Capability> AidlComposer::getCapabilities() {
+    std::vector<Capability> capabilities;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposer->getCapabilities(&capabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+    return translate<IComposer::Capability>(capabilities);
+}
+
+std::string AidlComposer::dumpDebugInfo() {
+    std::string info;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposer->dumpDebugInfo(&info);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("dumpDebugInfo failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+    return info;
+}
+
+void AidlComposer::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) {
+    if (mAidlComposerCallback) {
+        ALOGE("Callback already registered");
+    }
+    mAidlComposerCallback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper>(callback);
+    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(mAidlComposerCallback->asBinder().get(), SCHED_FIFO, 2);
+
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->registerCallback(mAidlComposerCallback);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("registerCallback failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+void AidlComposer::resetCommands() {
+    mWriter.reset();
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::executeCommands() {
+    return execute();
+}
+
+uint32_t AidlComposer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
+    int32_t count = 0;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&count);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getMaxVirtualDisplayCount failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(count);
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                                         Display* outDisplay) {
+    using AidlPixelFormat = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+    const int32_t bufferSlotCount = 1;
+    VirtualDisplay virtualDisplay;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(static_cast<int32_t>(width),
+                                                      static_cast<int32_t>(height),
+                                                      static_cast<AidlPixelFormat>(*format),
+                                                      bufferSlotCount, &virtualDisplay);
+
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("createVirtualDisplay failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outDisplay = translate<Display>(virtualDisplay.display);
+    *format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(virtualDisplay.format);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("destroyVirtualDisplay failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges();
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) {
+    int64_t layer;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->createLayer(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                         kMaxLayerBufferCount, &layer);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("createLayer failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outLayer = translate<Layer>(layer);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->destroyLayer(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                          translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("destroyLayer failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) {
+    int32_t config;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getActiveConfig(translate<int64_t>(display), &config);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getActiveConfig failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outConfig = translate<Config>(config);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display, outLayers, outTypes);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) {
+    std::vector<AidlColorMode> modes;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getColorModes(translate<int64_t>(display), &modes);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getColorModes failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outModes = translate<ColorMode>(modes);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                     translate<int32_t>(config),
+                                                     static_cast<AidlDisplayAttribute>(attribute),
+                                                     outValue);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayAttribute failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs) {
+    std::vector<int32_t> configs;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(translate<int64_t>(display), &configs);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayConfigs failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outConfigs = translate<Config>(configs);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayName(translate<int64_t>(display), outName);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayName failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                       std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                       std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    mReader.takeDisplayRequests(display, outDisplayRequestMask, outLayers, outLayerRequestMasks);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDozeSupport(translate<int64_t>(display), outSupport);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDozeSupport failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes,
+                                       float* outMaxLuminance, float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                       float* outMinLuminance) {
+    AidlHdrCapabilities capabilities;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(translate<int64_t>(display), &capabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getHdrCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outTypes = translate<Hdr>(capabilities.types);
+    *outMaxLuminance = capabilities.maxLuminance;
+    *outMaxAverageLuminance = capabilities.maxAverageLuminance;
+    *outMinLuminance = capabilities.minLuminance;
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    mReader.takeReleaseFences(display, outLayers, outReleaseFences);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.presentDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setActiveConfig(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                             translate<int32_t>(config));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setActiveConfig failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                                    int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                                    const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (target.get()) {
+        handle = target->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setClientTarget(slot, handle, acquireFence,
+                            translate<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace>(
+                                    dataspace),
+                            translate<AidlRect>(damage));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setColorMode(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                              translate<AidlColorMode>(mode),
+                                              translate<AidlRenderIntent>(renderIntent));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setColorMode failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.setColorTransform(matrix, translate<AidlColorTransform>(hint));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                                    int releaseFence) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.setOutputBuffer(0, buffer, dup(releaseFence));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setPowerMode(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                          translate<PowerMode>(mode));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setPowerMode failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) {
+    const bool enableVsync = enabled == IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setVsyncEnabled(translate<int64_t>(display), enableVsync);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setVsyncEnabled failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) {
+    const int32_t bufferSlotCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                                      bufferSlotCount);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setClientTargetSlotCount failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                    uint32_t* outNumRequests) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.validateDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                             uint32_t* outNumRequests, int* outPresentFence,
+                                             uint32_t* state) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentOrValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.presentOrvalidateDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentOrValidateStage(display, state);
+
+    if (*state == 1) { // Present succeeded
+        mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
+    }
+
+    if (*state == 0) { // Validate succeeded.
+        mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+    }
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(x, y);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (buffer.get()) {
+        handle = buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setLayerBuffer(slot, handle, acquireFence);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(translate<AidlRect>(damage));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                      IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(translate<BlendMode>(mode));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  const IComposerClient::Color& color) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerColor(translate<Color>(color));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                            IComposerClient::Composition type) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(translate<Composition>(type));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerDataspace(translate<AidlDataspace>(dataspace));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                         const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(translate<AidlRect>(frame));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(alpha);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                           const native_handle_t* stream) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerSidebandStream(stream);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                       const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(translate<AidlFRect>(crop));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerTransform(translate<AidlTransform>(transform));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(translate<AidlRect>(visible));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerZOrder(z);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::execute() {
+    // prepare input command queue
+    bool queueChanged = false;
+    int32_t commandLength = 0;
+    std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle> commandHandles;
+    if (!mWriter.writeQueue(&queueChanged, &commandLength, &commandHandles)) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    }
+
+    // set up new input command queue if necessary
+    if (queueChanged) {
+        const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setInputCommandQueue(mWriter.getMQDescriptor());
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            ALOGE("setInputCommandQueue failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+            mWriter.reset();
+            return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (commandLength == 0) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    AidlExecuteCommandsStatus commandStatus;
+    auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->executeCommands(commandLength, commandHandles, &commandStatus);
+    // executeCommands can fail because of out-of-fd and we do not want to
+    // abort() in that case
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("executeCommands failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    // set up new output command queue if necessary
+    if (commandStatus.queueChanged) {
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor<
+                int32_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>
+                outputCommandQueue;
+        status = mAidlComposerClient->getOutputCommandQueue(&outputCommandQueue);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            ALOGE("getOutputCommandQueue failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+            return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+        }
+
+        mReader.setMQDescriptor(outputCommandQueue);
+    }
+
+    Error error;
+    if (mReader.readQueue(commandStatus.length, std::move(commandStatus.handles))) {
+        error = static_cast<Error>(mReader.parse());
+        mReader.reset();
+    } else {
+        error = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    }
+
+    if (error == Error::NONE) {
+        std::vector<AidlCommandReader::CommandError> commandErrors = mReader.takeErrors();
+
+        for (const auto& cmdErr : commandErrors) {
+            auto command = mWriter.getCommand(cmdErr.location);
+            if (command == Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY || command == Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY ||
+                command == Command::PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY) {
+                error = cmdErr.error;
+            } else {
+                ALOGW("command 0x%x generated error %d", command, cmdErr.error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mWriter.reset();
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(translate<AidlPerFrameMetadata>(perFrameMetadatas));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> AidlComposer::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+        Display display) {
+    std::vector<AidlPerFrameMetadataKey> keys;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(translate<int64_t>(display), &keys);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+    return translate<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>(keys);
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                                     std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) {
+    std::vector<AidlRenderIntent> renderIntents;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getRenderIntents(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                              translate<AidlColorMode>(colorMode),
+                                                              &renderIntents);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getRenderIntents failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outRenderIntents = translate<RenderIntent>(renderIntents);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) {
+    std::vector<float> matrix;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(translate<AidlDataspace>(dataspace),
+                                                              &matrix);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDataspaceSaturationMatrix failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outMatrix = makeMat4(matrix);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                                 std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
+    AidlDisplayIdentification displayIdentification;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                              &displayIdentification);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayIdentificationData failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outPort = static_cast<uint8_t>(displayIdentification.port);
+    *outData = displayIdentification.data;
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerColorTransform(matrix);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                          Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                          uint8_t* outComponentMask) {
+    if (!outFormat || !outDataspace || !outComponentMask) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    AidlDisplayContentSamplingAttributes attributes;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                                       &attributes);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outFormat = translate<PixelFormat>(attributes.format);
+    *outDataspace = translate<Dataspace>(attributes.dataspace);
+    *outComponentMask = static_cast<uint8_t>(attributes.componentMask);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled,
+                                                     uint8_t componentMask, uint64_t maxFrames) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient
+                    ->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(translate<int64_t>(display), enabled,
+                                                         static_cast<AidlFormatColorComponent>(
+                                                                 componentMask),
+                                                         static_cast<int64_t>(maxFrames));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames,
+                                              uint64_t timestamp, DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) {
+    if (!outStats) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    AidlDisplayContentSample sample;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSample(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                           static_cast<int64_t>(maxFrames),
+                                                           static_cast<int64_t>(timestamp),
+                                                           &sample);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayedContentSample failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outStats = translate<DisplayedFrameStats>(sample);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(translate<AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob>(metadata));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setDisplayBrightness(translate<int64_t>(display), brightness);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setDisplayBrightness failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                           std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
+    std::vector<AidlDisplayCapability> capabilities;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(translate<int64_t>(display), &capabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outCapabilities = translate<DisplayCapability>(capabilities);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getDisplayConnectionType(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) {
+    AidlDisplayConnectionType type;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayConnectionType(translate<int64_t>(display), &type);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayConnectionType failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outType = translate<IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType>(type);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) {
+    int32_t vsyncPeriod;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(translate<int64_t>(display), &vsyncPeriod);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayVsyncPeriod failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outVsyncPeriod = translate<VsyncPeriodNanos>(vsyncPeriod);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+        Display display, Config config,
+        const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+        VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
+    AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient
+                    ->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                     translate<int32_t>(config),
+                                                     translate<AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints>(
+                                                             vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints),
+                                                     &timeline);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setActiveConfigWithConstraints failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outTimeline = translate<VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline>(timeline);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display display, bool on) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setAutoLowLatencyMode(translate<int64_t>(display), on);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setAutoLowLatencyMode failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getSupportedContentTypes(
+        Display displayId, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) {
+    std::vector<AidlContentType> types;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getSupportedContentTypes(translate<int64_t>(displayId), &types);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getSupportedContentTypes failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outSupportedContentTypes = translate<IComposerClient::ContentType>(types);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setContentType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setContentType(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                translate<AidlContentType>(contentType));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setContentType failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                                  const std::string& key, bool mandatory,
+                                                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    mWriter.selectLayer(translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    mWriter.setLayerGenericMetadata(key, mandatory, value);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
+    std::vector<AidlLayerGenericMetadataKey> keys;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(&keys);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getLayerGenericMetadataKeys failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outKeys = translate<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>(keys);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    mReader.takeClientTargetProperty(display, outClientTargetProperty);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+AidlCommandReader::~AidlCommandReader() {
+    resetData();
+}
+
+int AidlCommandReader::parse() {
+    resetData();
+
+    Command command;
+    uint16_t length = 0;
+
+    while (!isEmpty()) {
+        if (!beginCommand(&command, &length)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        bool parsed = false;
+        switch (command) {
+            case Command::SELECT_DISPLAY:
+                parsed = parseSelectDisplay(length);
+                break;
+            case Command::SET_ERROR:
+                parsed = parseSetError(length);
+                break;
+            case Command::SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES:
+                parsed = parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(length);
+                break;
+            case Command::SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS:
+                parsed = parseSetDisplayRequests(length);
+                break;
+            case Command::SET_PRESENT_FENCE:
+                parsed = parseSetPresentFence(length);
+                break;
+            case Command::SET_RELEASE_FENCES:
+                parsed = parseSetReleaseFences(length);
+                break;
+            case Command ::SET_PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY_RESULT:
+                parsed = parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(length);
+                break;
+            case Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET_PROPERTY:
+                parsed = parseSetClientTargetProperty(length);
+                break;
+            default:
+                parsed = false;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        endCommand();
+
+        if (!parsed) {
+            ALOGE("failed to parse command 0x%x length %" PRIu16, command, length);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return isEmpty() ? 0 : AidlIComposerClient::EX_NO_RESOURCES;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSelectDisplayLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mCurrentReturnData = &mReturnData[read64()];
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetError(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetErrorLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto location = read();
+    auto error = static_cast<Error>(readSigned());
+
+    mErrors.emplace_back(CommandError{location, error});
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length) {
+    // (layer id [64bit], composition type [32bit]) pairs
+    static constexpr int kCommandWords = 3;
+
+    if (length % kCommandWords != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = length / kCommandWords;
+    mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto type = static_cast<IComposerClient::Composition>(readSigned());
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.push_back(type);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length) {
+    // display requests [32 bit] followed by
+    // (layer id [64bit], layer requests [32bit]) pairs
+    static constexpr int kDisplayRequestsWords = 1;
+    static constexpr int kCommandWords = 3;
+    if (length % kCommandWords != kDisplayRequestsWords || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mCurrentReturnData->displayRequests = read();
+
+    uint32_t count = (length - kDisplayRequestsWords) / kCommandWords;
+    mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto layerRequestMask = read();
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.push_back(layerRequestMask);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetPresentFenceLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (mCurrentReturnData->presentFence >= 0) {
+        close(mCurrentReturnData->presentFence);
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->presentFence = readFence();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length) {
+    // (layer id [64bit], release fence index [32bit]) pairs
+    static constexpr int kCommandWords = 3;
+
+    if (length % kCommandWords != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = length / kCommandWords;
+    mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto fence = readFence();
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.push_back(fence);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kPresentOrValidateDisplayResultLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->presentOrValidateState = read();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetClientTargetPropertyLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat = static_cast<PixelFormat>(readSigned());
+    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.dataspace = static_cast<Dataspace>(readSigned());
+    return true;
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::resetData() {
+    mErrors.clear();
+
+    for (auto& data : mReturnData) {
+        if (data.second.presentFence >= 0) {
+            close(data.second.presentFence);
+        }
+        for (auto fence : data.second.releaseFences) {
+            if (fence >= 0) {
+                close(fence);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mReturnData.clear();
+    mCurrentReturnData = nullptr;
+}
+
+std::vector<AidlCommandReader::CommandError> AidlCommandReader::takeErrors() {
+    return std::move(mErrors);
+}
+
+bool AidlCommandReader::hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+                                   uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = 0;
+        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = 0;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.compositionTypes.size());
+    *outNumLayerRequestMasks = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.requestMasks.size());
+
+    return !(data.compositionTypes.empty() && data.requestMasks.empty());
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::takeChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outTypes->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.changedLayers);
+    *outTypes = std::move(data.compositionTypes);
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::takeDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                            std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                            std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outDisplayRequestMask = 0;
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outLayerRequestMasks->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outDisplayRequestMask = data.displayRequests;
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.requestedLayers);
+    *outLayerRequestMasks = std::move(data.requestMasks);
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                          std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outReleaseFences->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.releasedLayers);
+    *outReleaseFences = std::move(data.releaseFences);
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outPresentFence = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outPresentFence = data.presentFence;
+    data.presentFence = -1;
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *state = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
+        return;
+    }
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+    *state = data.presentOrValidateState;
+}
+
+void AidlCommandReader::takeClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+
+    // If not found, return the default values.
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
+        outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+    *outClientTargetProperty = data.clientTargetProperty;
+}
+
+} // namespace Hwc2
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6d9500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposer.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/command-buffer.h>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
+
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
+
+using AidlCommandWriterBase = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::CommandWriterBase;
+using AidlCommandReaderBase = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::CommandReaderBase;
+
+class AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper;
+
+class AidlCommandReader : public AidlCommandReaderBase {
+public:
+    ~AidlCommandReader();
+
+    // Parse and execute commands from the command queue.  The commands are
+    // actually return values from the server and will be saved in ReturnData.
+    int parse();
+
+    // Get and clear saved errors.
+    struct CommandError {
+        uint32_t location;
+        Error error;
+    };
+    std::vector<CommandError> takeErrors();
+
+    bool hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+                    uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const;
+
+    // Get and clear saved changed composition types.
+    void takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes);
+
+    // Get and clear saved display requests.
+    void takeDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks);
+
+    // Get and clear saved release fences.
+    void takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences);
+
+    // Get and clear saved present fence.
+    void takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence);
+
+    // Get what stage succeeded during PresentOrValidate: Present or Validate
+    void takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state);
+
+    // Get the client target properties requested by hardware composer.
+    void takeClientTargetProperty(Display display,
+                                  IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty);
+
+private:
+    void resetData();
+
+    bool parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetError(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length);
+
+    struct ReturnData {
+        uint32_t displayRequests = 0;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> changedLayers;
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> requestedLayers;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
+
+        int presentFence = -1;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> releasedLayers;
+        std::vector<int> releaseFences;
+
+        uint32_t presentOrValidateState;
+
+        // Composer 2.4 implementation can return a client target property
+        // structure to indicate the client target properties that hardware
+        // composer requests. The composer client must change the client target
+        // properties to match this request.
+        IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty clientTargetProperty{PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
+                                                                   Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
+    };
+
+    std::vector<CommandError> mErrors;
+    std::unordered_map<Display, ReturnData> mReturnData;
+
+    // When SELECT_DISPLAY is parsed, this is updated to point to the
+    // display's return data in mReturnData.  We use it to avoid repeated
+    // map lookups.
+    ReturnData* mCurrentReturnData;
+};
+
+// Composer is a wrapper to IComposer, a proxy to server-side composer.
+class AidlComposer final : public Hwc2::Composer {
+public:
+    static bool isDeclared(const std::string& serviceName);
+
+    explicit AidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName);
+    ~AidlComposer() override;
+
+    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() override;
+    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
+
+    void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
+
+    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
+    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
+    void resetCommands() override;
+
+    // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
+    Error executeCommands() override;
+
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
+    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                               Display* outDisplay) override;
+    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
+
+    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
+
+    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
+    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
+
+    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
+    Error getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) override;
+    Error getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
+    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
+                              int32_t* outValue) override;
+    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs);
+    Error getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) override;
+
+    Error getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) override;
+
+    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
+    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
+                             float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance) override;
+
+    Error getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) override;
+
+    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) override;
+
+    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
+
+    /*
+     * The composer caches client targets internally.  When target is nullptr,
+     * the composer uses slot to look up the client target from its cache.
+     * When target is not nullptr, the cache is updated with the new target.
+     */
+    Error setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                          int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) override;
+    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
+    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                          int releaseFence) override;
+    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
+    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
+
+    Error setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) override;
+
+    Error validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                          uint32_t* outNumRequests) override;
+
+    Error presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes, uint32_t* outNumRequests,
+                                   int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) override;
+
+    Error setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
+    /* see setClientTarget for the purpose of slot */
+    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) override;
+    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) override;
+    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer, const IComposerClient::Color& color) override;
+    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  IComposerClient::Composition type) override;
+    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
+    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                               const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) override;
+    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
+    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                 const native_handle_t* stream) override;
+    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                             const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) override;
+    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
+    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) override;
+    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.2
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) override;
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+            Display display) override;
+    Error getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                           std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) override;
+    Error getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.3
+    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
+    Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                uint8_t* outComponentMask) override;
+    Error setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled, uint8_t componentMask,
+                                           uint64_t maxFrames) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
+                                    DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) override;
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) override;
+    Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.4
+    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() override { return true; }
+    Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                 std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) override;
+    V2_4::Error setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+            Display display, Config config,
+            const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
+    V2_4::Error setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display displayId, bool on) override;
+    V2_4::Error getSupportedContentTypes(
+            Display displayId,
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) override;
+    V2_4::Error setContentType(Display displayId,
+                               IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) override;
+    V2_4::Error setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
+                                        bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) override;
+    V2_4::Error getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
+    Error getClientTargetProperty(
+            Display display,
+            IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) override;
+
+private:
+    class AidlCommandWriter : public AidlCommandWriterBase {
+    public:
+        explicit AidlCommandWriter(uint32_t initialMaxSize)
+              : AidlCommandWriterBase(initialMaxSize) {}
+        ~AidlCommandWriter() override {}
+    };
+
+    // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
+    // queue to batch the calls.  validateDisplay and presentDisplay will call
+    // this function to execute the command queue.
+    Error execute();
+
+    // returns the default instance name for the given service
+    static std::string instance(const std::string& serviceName);
+
+    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
+    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize = 64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
+    // Max number of buffers that may be cached for a given layer
+    // We obtain this number by:
+    // 1. Tightly coupling this cache to the max size of BufferQueue
+    // 2. Adding an additional slot for the layer caching feature in SurfaceFlinger (see: Planner.h)
+    static const constexpr uint32_t kMaxLayerBufferCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS + 1;
+    AidlCommandWriter mWriter;
+    AidlCommandReader mReader;
+
+    // Aidl interface
+    using AidlIComposer = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::IComposer;
+    using AidlIComposerClient = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::IComposerClient;
+    std::shared_ptr<AidlIComposer> mAidlComposer;
+    std::shared_ptr<AidlIComposerClient> mAidlComposerClient;
+    std::shared_ptr<AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper> mAidlComposerCallback;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
index 09734c2..d69a923 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
@@ -14,1562 +14,23 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "HwcComposer"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
-#include "ComposerHal.h"
+#include "AidlComposerHal.h"
+#include "HidlComposerHal.h"
 
-#include <composer-command-buffer/2.2/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlTransportUtils.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
-
-namespace android {
-
-using hardware::Return;
-using hardware::hidl_vec;
-using hardware::hidl_handle;
-
-namespace Hwc2 {
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
 
 Composer::~Composer() = default;
 
-namespace {
-
-class BufferHandle {
-public:
-    explicit BufferHandle(const native_handle_t* buffer) {
-        // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
-        mHandle = (buffer) ? buffer : native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
+std::unique_ptr<Composer> Composer::create(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    if (AidlComposer::isDeclared(serviceName)) {
+        return std::make_unique<AidlComposer>(serviceName);
     }
 
-    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
-    {
-        return mHandle;
-    }
-
-private:
-    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 0, 0);
-    hidl_handle mHandle;
-};
-
-class FenceHandle
-{
-public:
-    FenceHandle(int fd, bool owned)
-        : mOwned(owned)
-    {
-        native_handle_t* handle;
-        if (fd >= 0) {
-            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 1, 0);
-            handle->data[0] = fd;
-        } else {
-            // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
-            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
-        }
-        mHandle = handle;
-    }
-
-    ~FenceHandle()
-    {
-        if (mOwned) {
-            native_handle_close(mHandle);
-        }
-    }
-
-    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
-    {
-        return mHandle;
-    }
-
-private:
-    bool mOwned;
-    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 1, 0);
-    hidl_handle mHandle;
-};
-
-// assume NO_RESOURCES when Status::isOk returns false
-constexpr Error kDefaultError = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-constexpr V2_4::Error kDefaultError_2_4 = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(kDefaultError);
-
-template<typename T, typename U>
-T unwrapRet(Return<T>& ret, const U& default_val)
-{
-    return (ret.isOk()) ? static_cast<T>(ret) :
-        static_cast<T>(default_val);
+    return std::make_unique<HidlComposer>(serviceName);
 }
 
-Error unwrapRet(Return<Error>& ret)
-{
-    return unwrapRet(ret, kDefaultError);
-}
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-namespace impl {
-
-Composer::Composer(const std::string& serviceName) : mWriter(kWriterInitialSize) {
-    mComposer = V2_1::IComposer::getService(serviceName);
-
-    if (mComposer == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to get hwcomposer service");
-    }
-
-    if (sp<IComposer> composer_2_4 = IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
-        composer_2_4->createClient_2_4([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-            if (tmpError == V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-                mClient = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_4 = tmpClient;
-            }
-        });
-    } else if (sp<V2_3::IComposer> composer_2_3 = V2_3::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
-        composer_2_3->createClient_2_3([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-            if (tmpError == Error::NONE) {
-                mClient = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
-            }
-        });
-    } else {
-        mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-            if (tmpError != Error::NONE) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            mClient = tmpClient;
-            if (sp<V2_2::IComposer> composer_2_2 = V2_2::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
-                mClient_2_2 = V2_2::IComposerClient::castFrom(mClient);
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mClient_2_2 == nullptr,
-                                    "IComposer 2.2 did not return IComposerClient 2.2");
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    if (mClient == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to create composer client");
-    }
-}
-
-Composer::~Composer() = default;
-
-std::vector<IComposer::Capability> Composer::getCapabilities()
-{
-    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities;
-    mComposer->getCapabilities(
-            [&](const auto& tmpCapabilities) {
-                capabilities = tmpCapabilities;
-            });
-    return capabilities;
-}
-
-std::string Composer::dumpDebugInfo()
-{
-    std::string info;
-    mComposer->dumpDebugInfo([&](const auto& tmpInfo) {
-        info = tmpInfo.c_str();
-    });
-
-    return info;
-}
-
-void Composer::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback)
-{
-    android::hardware::setMinSchedulerPolicy(callback, SCHED_FIFO, 2);
-    auto ret = [&]() {
-        if (mClient_2_4) {
-            return mClient_2_4->registerCallback_2_4(callback);
-        }
-        return mClient->registerCallback(callback);
-    }();
-    if (!ret.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("failed to register IComposerCallback");
-    }
-}
-
-void Composer::resetCommands() {
-    mWriter.reset();
-}
-
-Error Composer::executeCommands() {
-    return execute();
-}
-
-uint32_t Composer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
-    return unwrapRet(ret, 0);
-}
-
-Error Composer::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
-                                     Display* outDisplay) {
-    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = 1;
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_2) {
-        mClient_2_2->createVirtualDisplay_2_2(width, height,
-                                              static_cast<types::V1_1::PixelFormat>(*format),
-                                              bufferSlotCount,
-                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
-                                                  const auto& tmpFormat) {
-                                                  error = tmpError;
-                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                      return;
-                                                  }
-
-                                                  *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
-                                                  *format = static_cast<types::V1_2::PixelFormat>(
-                                                          tmpFormat);
-                                              });
-    } else {
-        mClient->createVirtualDisplay(width, height,
-                static_cast<types::V1_0::PixelFormat>(*format), bufferSlotCount,
-                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
-                    const auto& tmpFormat) {
-                    error = tmpError;
-                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
-                    *format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(tmpFormat);
-            });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges();
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->createLayer(display, kMaxLayerBufferCount,
-                         [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayer) {
-                             error = tmpError;
-                             if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                 return;
-                             }
-
-                             *outLayer = tmpLayer;
-                         });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getActiveConfig(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfig) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outConfig = tmpConfig;
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes)
-{
-    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display, outLayers, outTypes);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getColorModes(Display display,
-        std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getColorModes_2_3(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            *outModes = tmpModes;
-        });
-    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
-        mClient_2_2->getColorModes_2_2(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            for (types::V1_1::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
-                outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
-            }
-        });
-    } else {
-        mClient->getColorModes(display,
-                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-                    error = tmpError;
-                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    for (types::V1_0::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
-                        outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
-                    }
-                });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
-        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_4) {
-        mClient_2_4->getDisplayAttribute_2_4(display, config, attribute,
-                                             [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
-                                                 error = static_cast<Error>(tmpError);
-                                                 if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                     return;
-                                                 }
-
-                                                 *outValue = tmpValue;
-                                             });
-    } else {
-        mClient->getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
-                                     static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::Attribute>(attribute),
-                                     [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
-                                         error = tmpError;
-                                         if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                             return;
-                                         }
-
-                                         *outValue = tmpValue;
-                                     });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayConfigs(Display display,
-        std::vector<Config>* outConfigs)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getDisplayConfigs(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfigs) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outConfigs = tmpConfigs;
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getDisplayName(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpName) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outName = tmpName.c_str();
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks)
-{
-    mReader.takeDisplayRequests(display, outDisplayRequestMask,
-            outLayers, outLayerRequestMasks);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getDozeSupport(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpSupport) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outSupport = tmpSupport;
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getHdrCapabilities(Display display,
-        std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
-        float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getHdrCapabilities_2_3(display,
-                                            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
-                                                const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
-                                                const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
-                                                const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
-                                                error = tmpError;
-                                                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                    return;
-                                                }
-
-                                                *outTypes = tmpTypes;
-                                                *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
-                                                *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
-                                                *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
-                                            });
-    } else {
-        mClient->getHdrCapabilities(display,
-                                    [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
-                                        const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
-                                        const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
-                                        const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
-                                        error = tmpError;
-                                        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                            return;
-                                        }
-
-                                        outTypes->clear();
-                                        for (auto type : tmpTypes) {
-                                            outTypes->push_back(static_cast<Hdr>(type));
-                                        }
-
-                                        *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
-                                        *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
-                                        *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
-                                    });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getReleaseFences(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers, std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences)
-{
-    mReader.takeReleaseFences(display, outLayers, outReleaseFences);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence)
-{
-    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentDisplay");
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.presentDisplay();
-
-    Error error = execute();
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->setActiveConfig(display, config);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot,
-        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
-        int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-
-    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    if (target.get()) {
-        handle = target->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.setClientTarget(slot, handle, acquireFence, dataspace, damage);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode,
-        RenderIntent renderIntent)
-{
-    hardware::Return<Error> ret(kDefaultError);
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        ret = mClient_2_3->setColorMode_2_3(display, mode, renderIntent);
-    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
-        ret = mClient_2_2->setColorMode_2_2(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(mode),
-                                            renderIntent);
-    } else {
-        ret = mClient->setColorMode(display,
-                static_cast<types::V1_0::ColorMode>(mode));
-    }
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix,
-        ColorTransform hint)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.setColorTransform(matrix, hint);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
-        int releaseFence)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.setOutputBuffer(0, buffer, dup(releaseFence));
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
-    Return<Error> ret(Error::UNSUPPORTED);
-    if (mClient_2_2) {
-        ret = mClient_2_2->setPowerMode_2_2(display, mode);
-    } else if (mode != IComposerClient::PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND) {
-        ret = mClient->setPowerMode(display, static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::PowerMode>(mode));
-    }
-
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->setVsyncEnabled(display, enabled);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display)
-{
-    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
-    auto ret = mClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display, bufferSlotCount);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
-        uint32_t* outNumRequests)
-{
-    ATRACE_NAME("HwcValidateDisplay");
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.validateDisplay();
-
-    Error error = execute();
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
-                               uint32_t* outNumRequests, int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) {
-    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentOrValidateDisplay");
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.presentOrvalidateDisplay();
-
-    Error error = execute();
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-   mReader.takePresentOrValidateStage(display, state);
-
-   if (*state == 1) { // Present succeeded
-       mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
-   }
-
-   if (*state == 0) { // Validate succeeded.
-       mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
-   }
-
-   return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer,
-        int32_t x, int32_t y)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(x, y);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer,
-        uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-
-    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    if (buffer.get()) {
-        handle = buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.setLayerBuffer(slot, handle, acquireFence);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(damage);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer,
-        IComposerClient::BlendMode mode)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(mode);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const IComposerClient::Color& color)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerColor(color);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
-        IComposerClient::Composition type)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(type);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer,
-        Dataspace dataspace)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerDataspace(dataspace);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const IComposerClient::Rect& frame)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(frame);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer,
-        float alpha)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(alpha);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const native_handle_t* stream)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerSidebandStream(stream);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const IComposerClient::FRect& crop)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(crop);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
-        Transform transform)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerTransform(transform);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(visible);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerZOrder(z);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::execute()
-{
-    // prepare input command queue
-    bool queueChanged = false;
-    uint32_t commandLength = 0;
-    hidl_vec<hidl_handle> commandHandles;
-    if (!mWriter.writeQueue(&queueChanged, &commandLength, &commandHandles)) {
-        mWriter.reset();
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    // set up new input command queue if necessary
-    if (queueChanged) {
-        auto ret = mClient->setInputCommandQueue(*mWriter.getMQDescriptor());
-        auto error = unwrapRet(ret);
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            mWriter.reset();
-            return error;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (commandLength == 0) {
-        mWriter.reset();
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    hardware::Return<void> ret;
-    auto hidl_callback = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpOutChanged,
-                             const auto& tmpOutLength, const auto& tmpOutHandles)
-                         {
-                             error = tmpError;
-
-                             // set up new output command queue if necessary
-                             if (error == Error::NONE && tmpOutChanged) {
-                                 error = kDefaultError;
-                                 mClient->getOutputCommandQueue(
-                                     [&](const auto& tmpError,
-                                         const auto& tmpDescriptor)
-                                     {
-                                         error = tmpError;
-                                         if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                             return;
-                                     }
-
-                                     mReader.setMQDescriptor(tmpDescriptor);
-                                 });
-                             }
-
-                             if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                 return;
-                             }
-
-                             if (mReader.readQueue(tmpOutLength, tmpOutHandles)) {
-                                 error = mReader.parse();
-                                 mReader.reset();
-                             } else {
-                                 error = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-                             }
-                         };
-    if (mClient_2_2) {
-        ret = mClient_2_2->executeCommands_2_2(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
-    } else {
-        ret = mClient->executeCommands(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
-    }
-    // executeCommands can fail because of out-of-fd and we do not want to
-    // abort() in that case
-    if (!ret.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("executeCommands failed because of %s", ret.description().c_str());
-    }
-
-    if (error == Error::NONE) {
-        std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> commandErrors =
-            mReader.takeErrors();
-
-        for (const auto& cmdErr : commandErrors) {
-            auto command =
-                    static_cast<IComposerClient::Command>(mWriter.getCommand(cmdErr.location));
-
-            if (command == IComposerClient::Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY ||
-                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY ||
-                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY) {
-                error = cmdErr.error;
-            } else {
-                ALOGW("command 0x%x generated error %d",
-                        command, cmdErr.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    mWriter.reset();
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-// Composer HAL 2.2
-
-Error Composer::setLayerPerFrameMetadata(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) {
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(perFrameMetadatas);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> Composer::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
-        Display display) {
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>  keys;
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        return keys;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getPerFrameMetadataKeys_2_3(display,
-                                                 [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-                                                     error = tmpError;
-                                                     if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                         ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed "
-                                                               "with %d",
-                                                               tmpError);
-                                                         return;
-                                                     }
-                                                     keys = tmpKeys;
-                                                 });
-    } else {
-        mClient_2_2
-                ->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-                    error = tmpError;
-                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                        ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed with %d", tmpError);
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    keys.clear();
-                    for (auto key : tmpKeys) {
-                        keys.push_back(static_cast<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>(key));
-                    }
-                });
-    }
-
-    return keys;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
-        std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) {
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        outRenderIntents->push_back(RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-
-    auto getRenderIntentsLambda = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        *outRenderIntents = tmpKeys;
-    };
-
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getRenderIntents_2_3(display, colorMode, getRenderIntentsLambda);
-    } else {
-        mClient_2_2->getRenderIntents(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(colorMode),
-                                      getRenderIntentsLambda);
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix)
-{
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        *outMatrix = mat4();
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_2->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(static_cast<types::V1_1::Dataspace>(dataspace),
-                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpMatrix) {
-                                                  error = tmpError;
-                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                      return;
-                                                  }
-                                                  *outMatrix = mat4(tmpMatrix.data());
-                                              });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-// Composer HAL 2.3
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                             std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_3->getDisplayIdentificationData(display,
-                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpPort,
-                                                  const auto& tmpData) {
-                                                  error = tmpError;
-                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                      return;
-                                                  }
-
-                                                  *outPort = tmpPort;
-                                                  *outData = tmpData;
-                                              });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix)
-{
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerColorTransform(matrix);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
-                                                      Dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                                      uint8_t* outComponentMask) {
-    if (!outFormat || !outDataspace || !outComponentMask) {
-        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-    }
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display,
-                                                       [&](const auto tmpError,
-                                                           const auto& tmpFormat,
-                                                           const auto& tmpDataspace,
-                                                           const auto& tmpComponentMask) {
-                                                           error = tmpError;
-                                                           if (error == Error::NONE) {
-                                                               *outFormat = tmpFormat;
-                                                               *outDataspace = tmpDataspace;
-                                                               *outComponentMask =
-                                                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(
-                                                                               tmpComponentMask);
-                                                           }
-                                                       });
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled,
-                                                 uint8_t componentMask, uint64_t maxFrames) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    auto enable = enabled ? V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::ENABLE
-                          : V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::DISABLE;
-    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(display, enable, componentMask,
-                                                           maxFrames);
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
-                                          DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) {
-    if (!outStats) {
-        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-    }
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSample(display, maxFrames, timestamp,
-                                           [&](const auto tmpError, auto tmpNumFrames,
-                                               const auto& tmpSamples0, const auto& tmpSamples1,
-                                               const auto& tmpSamples2, const auto& tmpSamples3) {
-                                               error = tmpError;
-                                               if (error == Error::NONE) {
-                                                   outStats->numFrames = tmpNumFrames;
-                                                   outStats->component_0_sample = tmpSamples0;
-                                                   outStats->component_1_sample = tmpSamples1;
-                                                   outStats->component_2_sample = tmpSamples2;
-                                                   outStats->component_3_sample = tmpSamples3;
-                                               }
-                                           });
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
-        Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(metadata);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayBrightness(display, brightness);
-}
-
-// Composer HAL 2.4
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
-                                       std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    V2_4::Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    if (mClient_2_4) {
-        mClient_2_4->getDisplayCapabilities_2_4(display,
-                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
-                                                    error = tmpError;
-                                                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-                                                        return;
-                                                    }
-                                                    *outCapabilities = tmpCaps;
-                                                });
-    } else {
-        mClient_2_3
-                ->getDisplayCapabilities(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
-                    error = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(tmpError);
-                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    outCapabilities->resize(tmpCaps.size());
-                    std::transform(tmpCaps.begin(), tmpCaps.end(), outCapabilities->begin(),
-                                   [](auto cap) { return static_cast<DisplayCapability>(cap); });
-                });
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
-                                               IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getDisplayConnectionType(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpType) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        *outType = tmpType;
-    });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display,
-                                       [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpVsyncPeriod) {
-                                           error = tmpError;
-                                           if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                               return;
-                                           }
-
-                                           *outVsyncPeriod = tmpVsyncPeriod;
-                                       });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
-        Display display, Config config,
-        const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
-        VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(display, config, vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
-                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTimeline) {
-                                                    error = tmpError;
-                                                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                        return;
-                                                    }
-
-                                                    *outTimeline = tmpTimeline;
-                                                });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display display, bool on) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    return mClient_2_4->setAutoLowLatencyMode(display, on);
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getSupportedContentTypes(
-        Display displayId, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getSupportedContentTypes(displayId,
-                                          [&](const auto& tmpError,
-                                              const auto& tmpSupportedContentTypes) {
-                                              error = tmpError;
-                                              if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                  return;
-                                              }
-
-                                              *outSupportedContentTypes = tmpSupportedContentTypes;
-                                          });
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setContentType(Display display, IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    return mClient_2_4->setContentType(display, contentType);
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
-                                              bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerGenericMetadata(key, mandatory, value);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        *outKeys = tmpKeys;
-    });
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getClientTargetProperty(
-        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
-    mReader.takeClientTargetProperty(display, outClientTargetProperty);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-CommandReader::~CommandReader()
-{
-    resetData();
-}
-
-Error CommandReader::parse()
-{
-    resetData();
-
-    IComposerClient::Command command;
-    uint16_t length = 0;
-
-    while (!isEmpty()) {
-        if (!beginCommand(&command, &length)) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        bool parsed = false;
-        switch (command) {
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_DISPLAY:
-            parsed = parseSelectDisplay(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_ERROR:
-            parsed = parseSetError(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES:
-            parsed = parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS:
-            parsed = parseSetDisplayRequests(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_PRESENT_FENCE:
-            parsed = parseSetPresentFence(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_RELEASE_FENCES:
-            parsed = parseSetReleaseFences(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command ::SET_PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY_RESULT:
-            parsed = parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET_PROPERTY:
-            parsed = parseSetClientTargetProperty(length);
-            break;
-        default:
-            parsed = false;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        endCommand();
-
-        if (!parsed) {
-            ALOGE("failed to parse command 0x%x length %" PRIu16,
-                    command, length);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return isEmpty() ? Error::NONE : Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSelectDisplayLength) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    mCurrentReturnData = &mReturnData[read64()];
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetError(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetErrorLength) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    auto location = read();
-    auto error = static_cast<Error>(readSigned());
-
-    mErrors.emplace_back(CommandError{location, error});
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length)
-{
-    // (layer id, composition type) pairs
-    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t count = length / 3;
-    mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.reserve(count);
-    mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.reserve(count);
-    while (count > 0) {
-        auto layer = read64();
-        auto type = static_cast<IComposerClient::Composition>(readSigned());
-
-        mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.push_back(layer);
-        mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.push_back(type);
-
-        count--;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length)
-{
-    // display requests followed by (layer id, layer requests) pairs
-    if (length % 3 != 1 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    mCurrentReturnData->displayRequests = read();
-
-    uint32_t count = (length - 1) / 3;
-    mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.reserve(count);
-    mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.reserve(count);
-    while (count > 0) {
-        auto layer = read64();
-        auto layerRequestMask = read();
-
-        mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.push_back(layer);
-        mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.push_back(layerRequestMask);
-
-        count--;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetPresentFenceLength ||
-            !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (mCurrentReturnData->presentFence >= 0) {
-        close(mCurrentReturnData->presentFence);
-    }
-    mCurrentReturnData->presentFence = readFence();
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length)
-{
-    // (layer id, release fence index) pairs
-    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t count = length / 3;
-    mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.reserve(count);
-    mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.reserve(count);
-    while (count > 0) {
-        auto layer = read64();
-        auto fence = readFence();
-
-        mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.push_back(layer);
-        mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.push_back(fence);
-
-        count--;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kPresentOrValidateDisplayResultLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    mCurrentReturnData->presentOrValidateState = read();
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length) {
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetClientTargetPropertyLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat = static_cast<PixelFormat>(readSigned());
-    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.dataspace = static_cast<Dataspace>(readSigned());
-    return true;
-}
-
-void CommandReader::resetData()
-{
-    mErrors.clear();
-
-    for (auto& data : mReturnData) {
-        if (data.second.presentFence >= 0) {
-            close(data.second.presentFence);
-        }
-        for (auto fence : data.second.releaseFences) {
-            if (fence >= 0) {
-                close(fence);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    mReturnData.clear();
-    mCurrentReturnData = nullptr;
-}
-
-std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> CommandReader::takeErrors()
-{
-    return std::move(mErrors);
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::hasChanges(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
-        uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = 0;
-        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = 0;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = data.compositionTypes.size();
-    *outNumLayerRequestMasks = data.requestMasks.size();
-
-    return !(data.compositionTypes.empty() && data.requestMasks.empty());
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        outLayers->clear();
-        outTypes->clear();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outLayers = std::move(data.changedLayers);
-    *outTypes = std::move(data.compositionTypes);
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *outDisplayRequestMask = 0;
-        outLayers->clear();
-        outLayerRequestMasks->clear();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outDisplayRequestMask = data.displayRequests;
-    *outLayers = std::move(data.requestedLayers);
-    *outLayerRequestMasks = std::move(data.requestMasks);
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeReleaseFences(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers, std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        outLayers->clear();
-        outReleaseFences->clear();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outLayers = std::move(data.releasedLayers);
-    *outReleaseFences = std::move(data.releaseFences);
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *outPresentFence = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outPresentFence = data.presentFence;
-    data.presentFence = -1;
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state) {
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *state= -1;
-        return;
-    }
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-    *state = data.presentOrValidateState;
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeClientTargetProperty(
-        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-
-    // If not found, return the default values.
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-        outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-    *outClientTargetProperty = data.clientTargetProperty;
-}
-
-} // namespace impl
-} // namespace Hwc2
-} // namespace android
-
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
index fe114b9..3bbce7b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
@@ -14,24 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_SF_COMPOSER_HAL_H
-#define ANDROID_SF_COMPOSER_HAL_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <optional>
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/common/1.1/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposer.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.4/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
 #include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
@@ -43,9 +34,7 @@
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
 
-namespace android {
-
-namespace Hwc2 {
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
 
 namespace types = hardware::graphics::common;
 
@@ -80,6 +69,8 @@
 
 class Composer {
 public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<Composer> create(const std::string& serviceName);
+
     virtual ~Composer() = 0;
 
     virtual std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() = 0;
@@ -233,279 +224,4 @@
             Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) = 0;
 };
 
-namespace impl {
-
-class CommandReader : public CommandReaderBase {
-public:
-    ~CommandReader();
-
-    // Parse and execute commands from the command queue.  The commands are
-    // actually return values from the server and will be saved in ReturnData.
-    Error parse();
-
-    // Get and clear saved errors.
-    struct CommandError {
-        uint32_t location;
-        Error error;
-    };
-    std::vector<CommandError> takeErrors();
-
-    bool hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
-            uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const;
-
-    // Get and clear saved changed composition types.
-    void takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-            std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-            std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes);
-
-    // Get and clear saved display requests.
-    void takeDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks);
-
-    // Get and clear saved release fences.
-    void takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-            std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences);
-
-    // Get and clear saved present fence.
-    void takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence);
-
-    // Get what stage succeeded during PresentOrValidate: Present or Validate
-    void takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t * state);
-
-    // Get the client target properties requested by hardware composer.
-    void takeClientTargetProperty(Display display,
-                                  IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty);
-
-private:
-    void resetData();
-
-    bool parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetError(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length);
-
-    struct ReturnData {
-        uint32_t displayRequests = 0;
-
-        std::vector<Layer> changedLayers;
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes;
-
-        std::vector<Layer> requestedLayers;
-        std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
-
-        int presentFence = -1;
-
-        std::vector<Layer> releasedLayers;
-        std::vector<int> releaseFences;
-
-        uint32_t presentOrValidateState;
-
-        // Composer 2.4 implementation can return a client target property
-        // structure to indicate the client target properties that hardware
-        // composer requests. The composer client must change the client target
-        // properties to match this request.
-        IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty clientTargetProperty{PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
-                                                                   Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
-    };
-
-    std::vector<CommandError> mErrors;
-    std::unordered_map<Display, ReturnData> mReturnData;
-
-    // When SELECT_DISPLAY is parsed, this is updated to point to the
-    // display's return data in mReturnData.  We use it to avoid repeated
-    // map lookups.
-    ReturnData* mCurrentReturnData;
-};
-
-// Composer is a wrapper to IComposer, a proxy to server-side composer.
-class Composer final : public Hwc2::Composer {
-public:
-    explicit Composer(const std::string& serviceName);
-    ~Composer() override;
-
-    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() override;
-    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
-
-    void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
-
-    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
-    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
-    void resetCommands() override;
-
-    // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
-    Error executeCommands() override;
-
-    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
-    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
-                               Display* outDisplay) override;
-    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
-
-    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
-
-    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
-    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
-
-    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
-    Error getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) override;
-    Error getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
-    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
-                              int32_t* outValue) override;
-    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs);
-    Error getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) override;
-
-    Error getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
-                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) override;
-
-    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
-    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
-                             float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance) override;
-
-    Error getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) override;
-
-    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) override;
-
-    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
-
-    /*
-     * The composer caches client targets internally.  When target is nullptr,
-     * the composer uses slot to look up the client target from its cache.
-     * When target is not nullptr, the cache is updated with the new target.
-     */
-    Error setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
-                          int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
-                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
-    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) override;
-    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
-    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
-                          int releaseFence) override;
-    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
-    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
-
-    Error setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) override;
-
-    Error validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
-                          uint32_t* outNumRequests) override;
-
-    Error presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes, uint32_t* outNumRequests,
-                                   int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) override;
-
-    Error setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
-    /* see setClientTarget for the purpose of slot */
-    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
-                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) override;
-    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
-    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) override;
-    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer, const IComposerClient::Color& color) override;
-    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                  IComposerClient::Composition type) override;
-    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
-    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
-                               const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) override;
-    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
-    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                 const native_handle_t* stream) override;
-    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
-                             const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) override;
-    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
-    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) override;
-    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
-
-    // Composer HAL 2.2
-    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
-            Display display, Layer layer,
-            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) override;
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
-            Display display) override;
-    Error getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
-            std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) override;
-    Error getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) override;
-
-    // Composer HAL 2.3
-    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
-    Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override;
-    Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
-                                                Dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                                uint8_t* outComponentMask) override;
-    Error setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled, uint8_t componentMask,
-                                           uint64_t maxFrames) override;
-    Error getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
-                                    DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) override;
-    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
-            Display display, Layer layer,
-            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) override;
-    Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
-
-    // Composer HAL 2.4
-    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() override { return mClient_2_4 != nullptr; }
-    Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
-                                 std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) override;
-    V2_4::Error getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
-                                         IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) override;
-    V2_4::Error getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) override;
-    V2_4::Error setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
-            Display display, Config config,
-            const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
-            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
-    V2_4::Error setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display displayId, bool on) override;
-    V2_4::Error getSupportedContentTypes(
-            Display displayId,
-            std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) override;
-    V2_4::Error setContentType(Display displayId,
-                               IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) override;
-    V2_4::Error setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
-                                        bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) override;
-    V2_4::Error getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
-            std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
-    Error getClientTargetProperty(
-            Display display,
-            IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) override;
-
-private:
-    class CommandWriter : public CommandWriterBase {
-    public:
-        explicit CommandWriter(uint32_t initialMaxSize) : CommandWriterBase(initialMaxSize) {}
-        ~CommandWriter() override {}
-    };
-
-    // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
-    // queue to batch the calls.  validateDisplay and presentDisplay will call
-    // this function to execute the command queue.
-    Error execute();
-
-    sp<V2_1::IComposer> mComposer;
-
-    sp<V2_1::IComposerClient> mClient;
-    sp<V2_2::IComposerClient> mClient_2_2;
-    sp<V2_3::IComposerClient> mClient_2_3;
-    sp<IComposerClient> mClient_2_4;
-
-    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
-    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize =
-        64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
-    // Max number of buffers that may be cached for a given layer
-    // We obtain this number by:
-    // 1. Tightly coupling this cache to the max size of BufferQueue
-    // 2. Adding an additional slot for the layer caching feature in SurfaceFlinger (see: Planner.h)
-    static const constexpr uint32_t kMaxLayerBufferCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS + 1;
-    CommandWriter mWriter;
-    CommandReader mReader;
-};
-
-} // namespace impl
-
-} // namespace Hwc2
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_SF_COMPOSER_HAL_H
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index c63ba0e..06f5df5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
                 sysprop::update_device_product_info_on_hotplug_reconnect(false)) {}
 
 HWComposer::HWComposer(const std::string& composerServiceName)
-      : HWComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::impl::Composer>(composerServiceName)) {}
+      : HWComposer(Hwc2::Composer::create(composerServiceName)) {}
 
 HWComposer::~HWComposer() {
     mDisplayData.clear();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h
index bb2888e..02d0658 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/Hal.h
@@ -166,4 +166,15 @@
     }
 }
 
+inline std::string to_string(hardware::graphics::composer::hal::Vsync vsync) {
+    switch (vsync) {
+        case hardware::graphics::composer::hal::Vsync::ENABLE:
+            return "Enable";
+        case hardware::graphics::composer::hal::Vsync::DISABLE:
+            return "Disable";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown";
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c40598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1480 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "HwcComposer"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "HidlComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <composer-command-buffer/2.2/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlTransportUtils.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using hardware::hidl_handle;
+using hardware::hidl_vec;
+using hardware::Return;
+
+namespace Hwc2 {
+
+HidlComposer::~HidlComposer() = default;
+
+namespace {
+
+class BufferHandle {
+public:
+    explicit BufferHandle(const native_handle_t* buffer) {
+        // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
+        mHandle = (buffer) ? buffer : native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+    {
+        return mHandle;
+    }
+
+private:
+    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 0, 0);
+    hidl_handle mHandle;
+};
+
+class FenceHandle {
+public:
+    FenceHandle(int fd, bool owned) : mOwned(owned) {
+        native_handle_t* handle;
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 1, 0);
+            handle->data[0] = fd;
+        } else {
+            // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
+            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
+        }
+        mHandle = handle;
+    }
+
+    ~FenceHandle() {
+        if (mOwned) {
+            native_handle_close(mHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+    {
+        return mHandle;
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool mOwned;
+    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 1, 0);
+    hidl_handle mHandle;
+};
+
+// assume NO_RESOURCES when Status::isOk returns false
+constexpr Error kDefaultError = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+constexpr V2_4::Error kDefaultError_2_4 = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(kDefaultError);
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+T unwrapRet(Return<T>& ret, const U& default_val) {
+    return (ret.isOk()) ? static_cast<T>(ret) : static_cast<T>(default_val);
+}
+
+Error unwrapRet(Return<Error>& ret) {
+    return unwrapRet(ret, kDefaultError);
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+HidlComposer::HidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName) : mWriter(kWriterInitialSize) {
+    mComposer = V2_1::IComposer::getService(serviceName);
+
+    if (mComposer == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to get hwcomposer service");
+    }
+
+    if (sp<IComposer> composer_2_4 = IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
+        composer_2_4->createClient_2_4([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+            if (tmpError == V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+                mClient = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_4 = tmpClient;
+            }
+        });
+    } else if (sp<V2_3::IComposer> composer_2_3 = V2_3::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
+        composer_2_3->createClient_2_3([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+            if (tmpError == Error::NONE) {
+                mClient = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
+            }
+        });
+    } else {
+        mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+            if (tmpError != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mClient = tmpClient;
+            if (sp<V2_2::IComposer> composer_2_2 = V2_2::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
+                mClient_2_2 = V2_2::IComposerClient::castFrom(mClient);
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mClient_2_2 == nullptr,
+                                    "IComposer 2.2 did not return IComposerClient 2.2");
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (mClient == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to create composer client");
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposer::Capability> HidlComposer::getCapabilities() {
+    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities;
+    mComposer->getCapabilities(
+            [&](const auto& tmpCapabilities) { capabilities = tmpCapabilities; });
+    return capabilities;
+}
+
+std::string HidlComposer::dumpDebugInfo() {
+    std::string info;
+    mComposer->dumpDebugInfo([&](const auto& tmpInfo) { info = tmpInfo.c_str(); });
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+void HidlComposer::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) {
+    android::hardware::setMinSchedulerPolicy(callback, SCHED_FIFO, 2);
+
+    auto ret = [&]() {
+        if (mClient_2_4) {
+            return mClient_2_4->registerCallback_2_4(callback);
+        }
+        return mClient->registerCallback(callback);
+    }();
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("failed to register IComposerCallback");
+    }
+}
+
+void HidlComposer::resetCommands() {
+    mWriter.reset();
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::executeCommands() {
+    return execute();
+}
+
+uint32_t HidlComposer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
+    auto ret = mClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+    return unwrapRet(ret, 0);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                                         Display* outDisplay) {
+    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = 1;
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_2) {
+        mClient_2_2->createVirtualDisplay_2_2(width, height,
+                                              static_cast<types::V1_1::PixelFormat>(*format),
+                                              bufferSlotCount,
+                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
+                                                  const auto& tmpFormat) {
+                                                  error = tmpError;
+                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                      return;
+                                                  }
+
+                                                  *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
+                                                  *format = static_cast<types::V1_2::PixelFormat>(
+                                                          tmpFormat);
+                                              });
+    } else {
+        mClient->createVirtualDisplay(width, height, static_cast<types::V1_0::PixelFormat>(*format),
+                                      bufferSlotCount,
+                                      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
+                                          const auto& tmpFormat) {
+                                          error = tmpError;
+                                          if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                              return;
+                                          }
+
+                                          *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
+                                          *format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(tmpFormat);
+                                      });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
+    auto ret = mClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges();
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->createLayer(display, kMaxLayerBufferCount,
+                         [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayer) {
+                             error = tmpError;
+                             if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                 return;
+                             }
+
+                             *outLayer = tmpLayer;
+                         });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) {
+    auto ret = mClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getActiveConfig(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfig) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outConfig = tmpConfig;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display, outLayers, outTypes);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getColorModes_2_3(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
+            error = tmpError;
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            *outModes = tmpModes;
+        });
+    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
+        mClient_2_2->getColorModes_2_2(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
+            error = tmpError;
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (types::V1_1::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
+                outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
+            }
+        });
+    } else {
+        mClient->getColorModes(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
+            error = tmpError;
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+            for (types::V1_0::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
+                outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_4) {
+        mClient_2_4->getDisplayAttribute_2_4(display, config, attribute,
+                                             [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
+                                                 error = static_cast<Error>(tmpError);
+                                                 if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                     return;
+                                                 }
+
+                                                 *outValue = tmpValue;
+                                             });
+    } else {
+        mClient->getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                                     static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::Attribute>(attribute),
+                                     [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
+                                         error = tmpError;
+                                         if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                             return;
+                                         }
+
+                                         *outValue = tmpValue;
+                                     });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getDisplayConfigs(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfigs) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outConfigs = tmpConfigs;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getDisplayName(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpName) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outName = tmpName.c_str();
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                       std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                       std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    mReader.takeDisplayRequests(display, outDisplayRequestMask, outLayers, outLayerRequestMasks);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getDozeSupport(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpSupport) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outSupport = tmpSupport;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes,
+                                       float* outMaxLuminance, float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                       float* outMinLuminance) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getHdrCapabilities_2_3(display,
+                                            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
+                                                const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
+                                                const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                                const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
+                                                error = tmpError;
+                                                if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                    return;
+                                                }
+
+                                                *outTypes = tmpTypes;
+                                                *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
+                                                *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
+                                                *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
+                                            });
+    } else {
+        mClient->getHdrCapabilities(display,
+                                    [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
+                                        const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
+                                        const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                        const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
+                                        error = tmpError;
+                                        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                            return;
+                                        }
+
+                                        outTypes->clear();
+                                        for (auto type : tmpTypes) {
+                                            outTypes->push_back(static_cast<Hdr>(type));
+                                        }
+
+                                        *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
+                                        *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
+                                        *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
+                                    });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    mReader.takeReleaseFences(display, outLayers, outReleaseFences);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.presentDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) {
+    auto ret = mClient->setActiveConfig(display, config);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                                    int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                                    const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (target.get()) {
+        handle = target->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setClientTarget(slot, handle, acquireFence, dataspace, damage);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) {
+    hardware::Return<Error> ret(kDefaultError);
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        ret = mClient_2_3->setColorMode_2_3(display, mode, renderIntent);
+    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
+        ret = mClient_2_2->setColorMode_2_2(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(mode),
+                                            renderIntent);
+    } else {
+        ret = mClient->setColorMode(display, static_cast<types::V1_0::ColorMode>(mode));
+    }
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.setColorTransform(matrix, hint);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                                    int releaseFence) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.setOutputBuffer(0, buffer, dup(releaseFence));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
+    Return<Error> ret(Error::UNSUPPORTED);
+    if (mClient_2_2) {
+        ret = mClient_2_2->setPowerMode_2_2(display, mode);
+    } else if (mode != IComposerClient::PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND) {
+        ret = mClient->setPowerMode(display, static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::PowerMode>(mode));
+    }
+
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) {
+    auto ret = mClient->setVsyncEnabled(display, enabled);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) {
+    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
+    auto ret = mClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display, bufferSlotCount);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                    uint32_t* outNumRequests) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                             uint32_t* outNumRequests, int* outPresentFence,
+                                             uint32_t* state) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentOrValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.presentOrvalidateDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentOrValidateStage(display, state);
+
+    if (*state == 1) { // Present succeeded
+        mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
+    }
+
+    if (*state == 0) { // Validate succeeded.
+        mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+    }
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(x, y);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (buffer.get()) {
+        handle = buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setLayerBuffer(slot, handle, acquireFence);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(damage);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                      IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(mode);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  const IComposerClient::Color& color) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerColor(color);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                            IComposerClient::Composition type) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(type);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerDataspace(dataspace);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                         const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(frame);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(alpha);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                           const native_handle_t* stream) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerSidebandStream(stream);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                       const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(crop);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerTransform(transform);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(visible);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerZOrder(z);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::execute() {
+    // prepare input command queue
+    bool queueChanged = false;
+    uint32_t commandLength = 0;
+    hidl_vec<hidl_handle> commandHandles;
+    if (!mWriter.writeQueue(&queueChanged, &commandLength, &commandHandles)) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    }
+
+    // set up new input command queue if necessary
+    if (queueChanged) {
+        auto ret = mClient->setInputCommandQueue(*mWriter.getMQDescriptor());
+        auto error = unwrapRet(ret);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            mWriter.reset();
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (commandLength == 0) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    hardware::Return<void> ret;
+    auto hidl_callback = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpOutChanged,
+                             const auto& tmpOutLength, const auto& tmpOutHandles) {
+        error = tmpError;
+
+        // set up new output command queue if necessary
+        if (error == Error::NONE && tmpOutChanged) {
+            error = kDefaultError;
+            mClient->getOutputCommandQueue([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
+                error = tmpError;
+                if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                mReader.setMQDescriptor(tmpDescriptor);
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mReader.readQueue(tmpOutLength, tmpOutHandles)) {
+            error = mReader.parse();
+            mReader.reset();
+        } else {
+            error = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+    };
+    if (mClient_2_2) {
+        ret = mClient_2_2->executeCommands_2_2(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
+    } else {
+        ret = mClient->executeCommands(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
+    }
+    // executeCommands can fail because of out-of-fd and we do not want to
+    // abort() in that case
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("executeCommands failed because of %s", ret.description().c_str());
+    }
+
+    if (error == Error::NONE) {
+        std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> commandErrors = mReader.takeErrors();
+
+        for (const auto& cmdErr : commandErrors) {
+            auto command =
+                    static_cast<IComposerClient::Command>(mWriter.getCommand(cmdErr.location));
+
+            if (command == IComposerClient::Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY ||
+                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY ||
+                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY) {
+                error = cmdErr.error;
+            } else {
+                ALOGW("command 0x%x generated error %d", command, cmdErr.error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mWriter.reset();
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+// Composer HAL 2.2
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) {
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(perFrameMetadatas);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> HidlComposer::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+        Display display) {
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> keys;
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        return keys;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getPerFrameMetadataKeys_2_3(display,
+                                                 [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+                                                     error = tmpError;
+                                                     if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                         ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed "
+                                                               "with %d",
+                                                               tmpError);
+                                                         return;
+                                                     }
+                                                     keys = tmpKeys;
+                                                 });
+    } else {
+        mClient_2_2
+                ->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+                    error = tmpError;
+                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                        ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed with %d", tmpError);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    keys.clear();
+                    for (auto key : tmpKeys) {
+                        keys.push_back(static_cast<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>(key));
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    return keys;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                                     std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) {
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        outRenderIntents->push_back(RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+
+    auto getRenderIntentsLambda = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outRenderIntents = tmpKeys;
+    };
+
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getRenderIntents_2_3(display, colorMode, getRenderIntentsLambda);
+    } else {
+        mClient_2_2->getRenderIntents(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(colorMode),
+                                      getRenderIntentsLambda);
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) {
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        *outMatrix = mat4();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_2->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(static_cast<types::V1_1::Dataspace>(dataspace),
+                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpMatrix) {
+                                                  error = tmpError;
+                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                      return;
+                                                  }
+                                                  *outMatrix = mat4(tmpMatrix.data());
+                                              });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+// Composer HAL 2.3
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                                 std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_3->getDisplayIdentificationData(display,
+                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpPort,
+                                                  const auto& tmpData) {
+                                                  error = tmpError;
+                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                      return;
+                                                  }
+
+                                                  *outPort = tmpPort;
+                                                  *outData = tmpData;
+                                              });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerColorTransform(matrix);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                          Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                          uint8_t* outComponentMask) {
+    if (!outFormat || !outDataspace || !outComponentMask) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display,
+                                                       [&](const auto tmpError,
+                                                           const auto& tmpFormat,
+                                                           const auto& tmpDataspace,
+                                                           const auto& tmpComponentMask) {
+                                                           error = tmpError;
+                                                           if (error == Error::NONE) {
+                                                               *outFormat = tmpFormat;
+                                                               *outDataspace = tmpDataspace;
+                                                               *outComponentMask =
+                                                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(
+                                                                               tmpComponentMask);
+                                                           }
+                                                       });
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled,
+                                                     uint8_t componentMask, uint64_t maxFrames) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    auto enable = enabled ? V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::ENABLE
+                          : V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::DISABLE;
+    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(display, enable, componentMask,
+                                                           maxFrames);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames,
+                                              uint64_t timestamp, DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) {
+    if (!outStats) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSample(display, maxFrames, timestamp,
+                                           [&](const auto tmpError, auto tmpNumFrames,
+                                               const auto& tmpSamples0, const auto& tmpSamples1,
+                                               const auto& tmpSamples2, const auto& tmpSamples3) {
+                                               error = tmpError;
+                                               if (error == Error::NONE) {
+                                                   outStats->numFrames = tmpNumFrames;
+                                                   outStats->component_0_sample = tmpSamples0;
+                                                   outStats->component_1_sample = tmpSamples1;
+                                                   outStats->component_2_sample = tmpSamples2;
+                                                   outStats->component_3_sample = tmpSamples3;
+                                               }
+                                           });
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(metadata);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayBrightness(display, brightness);
+}
+
+// Composer HAL 2.4
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                           std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    V2_4::Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    if (mClient_2_4) {
+        mClient_2_4->getDisplayCapabilities_2_4(display,
+                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
+                                                    error = tmpError;
+                                                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+                                                        return;
+                                                    }
+                                                    *outCapabilities = tmpCaps;
+                                                });
+    } else {
+        mClient_2_3
+                ->getDisplayCapabilities(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
+                    error = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(tmpError);
+                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    outCapabilities->resize(tmpCaps.size());
+                    std::transform(tmpCaps.begin(), tmpCaps.end(), outCapabilities->begin(),
+                                   [](auto cap) { return static_cast<DisplayCapability>(cap); });
+                });
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getDisplayConnectionType(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getDisplayConnectionType(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpType) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outType = tmpType;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display,
+                                       [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpVsyncPeriod) {
+                                           error = tmpError;
+                                           if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                               return;
+                                           }
+
+                                           *outVsyncPeriod = tmpVsyncPeriod;
+                                       });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+        Display display, Config config,
+        const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+        VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(display, config, vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTimeline) {
+                                                    error = tmpError;
+                                                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                        return;
+                                                    }
+
+                                                    *outTimeline = tmpTimeline;
+                                                });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display display, bool on) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    return mClient_2_4->setAutoLowLatencyMode(display, on);
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getSupportedContentTypes(
+        Display displayId, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getSupportedContentTypes(displayId,
+                                          [&](const auto& tmpError,
+                                              const auto& tmpSupportedContentTypes) {
+                                              error = tmpError;
+                                              if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                  return;
+                                              }
+
+                                              *outSupportedContentTypes = tmpSupportedContentTypes;
+                                          });
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setContentType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    return mClient_2_4->setContentType(display, contentType);
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                                  const std::string& key, bool mandatory,
+                                                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerGenericMetadata(key, mandatory, value);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outKeys = tmpKeys;
+    });
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    mReader.takeClientTargetProperty(display, outClientTargetProperty);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+CommandReader::~CommandReader() {
+    resetData();
+}
+
+Error CommandReader::parse() {
+    resetData();
+
+    IComposerClient::Command command;
+    uint16_t length = 0;
+
+    while (!isEmpty()) {
+        if (!beginCommand(&command, &length)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        bool parsed = false;
+        switch (command) {
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_DISPLAY:
+                parsed = parseSelectDisplay(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_ERROR:
+                parsed = parseSetError(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES:
+                parsed = parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS:
+                parsed = parseSetDisplayRequests(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_PRESENT_FENCE:
+                parsed = parseSetPresentFence(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_RELEASE_FENCES:
+                parsed = parseSetReleaseFences(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command ::SET_PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY_RESULT:
+                parsed = parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET_PROPERTY:
+                parsed = parseSetClientTargetProperty(length);
+                break;
+            default:
+                parsed = false;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        endCommand();
+
+        if (!parsed) {
+            ALOGE("failed to parse command 0x%x length %" PRIu16, command, length);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return isEmpty() ? Error::NONE : Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSelectDisplayLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mCurrentReturnData = &mReturnData[read64()];
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetError(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetErrorLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto location = read();
+    auto error = static_cast<Error>(readSigned());
+
+    mErrors.emplace_back(CommandError{location, error});
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length) {
+    // (layer id, composition type) pairs
+    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = length / 3;
+    mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto type = static_cast<IComposerClient::Composition>(readSigned());
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.push_back(type);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length) {
+    // display requests followed by (layer id, layer requests) pairs
+    if (length % 3 != 1 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mCurrentReturnData->displayRequests = read();
+
+    uint32_t count = (length - 1) / 3;
+    mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto layerRequestMask = read();
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.push_back(layerRequestMask);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetPresentFenceLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (mCurrentReturnData->presentFence >= 0) {
+        close(mCurrentReturnData->presentFence);
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->presentFence = readFence();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length) {
+    // (layer id, release fence index) pairs
+    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = length / 3;
+    mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto fence = readFence();
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.push_back(fence);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kPresentOrValidateDisplayResultLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->presentOrValidateState = read();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetClientTargetPropertyLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat = static_cast<PixelFormat>(readSigned());
+    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.dataspace = static_cast<Dataspace>(readSigned());
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CommandReader::resetData() {
+    mErrors.clear();
+
+    for (auto& data : mReturnData) {
+        if (data.second.presentFence >= 0) {
+            close(data.second.presentFence);
+        }
+        for (auto fence : data.second.releaseFences) {
+            if (fence >= 0) {
+                close(fence);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mReturnData.clear();
+    mCurrentReturnData = nullptr;
+}
+
+std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> CommandReader::takeErrors() {
+    return std::move(mErrors);
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+                               uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = 0;
+        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = 0;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = data.compositionTypes.size();
+    *outNumLayerRequestMasks = data.requestMasks.size();
+
+    return !(data.compositionTypes.empty() && data.requestMasks.empty());
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outTypes->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.changedLayers);
+    *outTypes = std::move(data.compositionTypes);
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outDisplayRequestMask = 0;
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outLayerRequestMasks->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outDisplayRequestMask = data.displayRequests;
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.requestedLayers);
+    *outLayerRequestMasks = std::move(data.requestMasks);
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                      std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outReleaseFences->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.releasedLayers);
+    *outReleaseFences = std::move(data.releaseFences);
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outPresentFence = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outPresentFence = data.presentFence;
+    data.presentFence = -1;
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *state = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+    *state = data.presentOrValidateState;
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+
+    // If not found, return the default values.
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
+        outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+    *outClientTargetProperty = data.clientTargetProperty;
+}
+
+} // namespace Hwc2
+} // namespace android
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad253a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
+
+#include <composer-command-buffer/2.4/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
+#include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
+#include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
+#include <math/mat4.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayedFrameStats.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
+
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
+
+namespace types = hardware::graphics::common;
+
+namespace V2_1 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1;
+namespace V2_2 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_2;
+namespace V2_3 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3;
+namespace V2_4 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4;
+
+using types::V1_0::ColorTransform;
+using types::V1_0::Transform;
+using types::V1_1::RenderIntent;
+using types::V1_2::ColorMode;
+using types::V1_2::Dataspace;
+using types::V1_2::Hdr;
+using types::V1_2::PixelFormat;
+
+using V2_1::Config;
+using V2_1::Display;
+using V2_1::Error;
+using V2_1::Layer;
+using V2_4::CommandReaderBase;
+using V2_4::CommandWriterBase;
+using V2_4::IComposer;
+using V2_4::IComposerCallback;
+using V2_4::IComposerClient;
+using V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline;
+using V2_4::VsyncPeriodNanos;
+using DisplayCapability = IComposerClient::DisplayCapability;
+using PerFrameMetadata = IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata;
+using PerFrameMetadataKey = IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey;
+using PerFrameMetadataBlob = IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob;
+
+class CommandReader : public CommandReaderBase {
+public:
+    ~CommandReader();
+
+    // Parse and execute commands from the command queue.  The commands are
+    // actually return values from the server and will be saved in ReturnData.
+    Error parse();
+
+    // Get and clear saved errors.
+    struct CommandError {
+        uint32_t location;
+        Error error;
+    };
+    std::vector<CommandError> takeErrors();
+
+    bool hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+                    uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const;
+
+    // Get and clear saved changed composition types.
+    void takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes);
+
+    // Get and clear saved display requests.
+    void takeDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks);
+
+    // Get and clear saved release fences.
+    void takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences);
+
+    // Get and clear saved present fence.
+    void takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence);
+
+    // Get what stage succeeded during PresentOrValidate: Present or Validate
+    void takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state);
+
+    // Get the client target properties requested by hardware composer.
+    void takeClientTargetProperty(Display display,
+                                  IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty);
+
+private:
+    void resetData();
+
+    bool parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetError(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length);
+
+    struct ReturnData {
+        uint32_t displayRequests = 0;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> changedLayers;
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> requestedLayers;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
+
+        int presentFence = -1;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> releasedLayers;
+        std::vector<int> releaseFences;
+
+        uint32_t presentOrValidateState;
+
+        // Composer 2.4 implementation can return a client target property
+        // structure to indicate the client target properties that hardware
+        // composer requests. The composer client must change the client target
+        // properties to match this request.
+        IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty clientTargetProperty{PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
+                                                                   Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
+    };
+
+    std::vector<CommandError> mErrors;
+    std::unordered_map<Display, ReturnData> mReturnData;
+
+    // When SELECT_DISPLAY is parsed, this is updated to point to the
+    // display's return data in mReturnData.  We use it to avoid repeated
+    // map lookups.
+    ReturnData* mCurrentReturnData;
+};
+
+// Composer is a wrapper to IComposer, a proxy to server-side composer.
+class HidlComposer final : public Composer {
+public:
+    explicit HidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName);
+    ~HidlComposer() override;
+
+    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() override;
+    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
+
+    void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
+
+    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
+    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
+    void resetCommands() override;
+
+    // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
+    Error executeCommands() override;
+
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
+    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                               Display* outDisplay) override;
+    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
+
+    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
+
+    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
+    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
+
+    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
+    Error getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) override;
+    Error getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
+    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
+                              int32_t* outValue) override;
+    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs);
+    Error getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) override;
+
+    Error getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) override;
+
+    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
+    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
+                             float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance) override;
+
+    Error getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) override;
+
+    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) override;
+
+    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
+
+    /*
+     * The composer caches client targets internally.  When target is nullptr,
+     * the composer uses slot to look up the client target from its cache.
+     * When target is not nullptr, the cache is updated with the new target.
+     */
+    Error setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                          int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) override;
+    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
+    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                          int releaseFence) override;
+    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
+    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
+
+    Error setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) override;
+
+    Error validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                          uint32_t* outNumRequests) override;
+
+    Error presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes, uint32_t* outNumRequests,
+                                   int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) override;
+
+    Error setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
+    /* see setClientTarget for the purpose of slot */
+    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) override;
+    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) override;
+    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer, const IComposerClient::Color& color) override;
+    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  IComposerClient::Composition type) override;
+    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
+    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                               const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) override;
+    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
+    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                 const native_handle_t* stream) override;
+    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                             const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) override;
+    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
+    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) override;
+    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.2
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) override;
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+            Display display) override;
+    Error getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                           std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) override;
+    Error getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.3
+    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
+    Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                uint8_t* outComponentMask) override;
+    Error setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled, uint8_t componentMask,
+                                           uint64_t maxFrames) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
+                                    DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) override;
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) override;
+    Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.4
+    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() override { return mClient_2_4 != nullptr; }
+    Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                 std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) override;
+    V2_4::Error setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+            Display display, Config config,
+            const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
+    V2_4::Error setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display displayId, bool on) override;
+    V2_4::Error getSupportedContentTypes(
+            Display displayId,
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) override;
+    V2_4::Error setContentType(Display displayId,
+                               IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) override;
+    V2_4::Error setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
+                                        bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) override;
+    V2_4::Error getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
+    Error getClientTargetProperty(
+            Display display,
+            IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) override;
+
+private:
+    class CommandWriter : public CommandWriterBase {
+    public:
+        explicit CommandWriter(uint32_t initialMaxSize) : CommandWriterBase(initialMaxSize) {}
+        ~CommandWriter() override {}
+    };
+
+    // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
+    // queue to batch the calls.  validateDisplay and presentDisplay will call
+    // this function to execute the command queue.
+    Error execute();
+
+    sp<V2_1::IComposer> mComposer;
+
+    sp<V2_1::IComposerClient> mClient;
+    sp<V2_2::IComposerClient> mClient_2_2;
+    sp<V2_3::IComposerClient> mClient_2_3;
+    sp<IComposerClient> mClient_2_4;
+
+    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
+    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize = 64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
+    // Max number of buffers that may be cached for a given layer
+    // We obtain this number by:
+    // 1. Tightly coupling this cache to the max size of BufferQueue
+    // 2. Adding an additional slot for the layer caching feature in SurfaceFlinger (see: Planner.h)
+    static const constexpr uint32_t kMaxLayerBufferCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS + 1;
+    CommandWriter mWriter;
+    CommandReader mReader;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
index 1765caf..5c2390e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "PowerAdvisor"
 
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
 
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -27,6 +30,9 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/power/1.3/IPower.h>
 #include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPowerHintSession.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/WorkDuration.h>
+
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
@@ -47,10 +53,14 @@
 
 using android::hardware::power::Boost;
 using android::hardware::power::IPower;
+using android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
 using android::hardware::power::Mode;
-using base::GetIntProperty;
+using android::hardware::power::WorkDuration;
+
 using scheduler::OneShotTimer;
 
+class AidlPowerHalWrapper;
+
 PowerAdvisor::~PowerAdvisor() = default;
 
 namespace {
@@ -83,6 +93,13 @@
 
 void PowerAdvisor::onBootFinished() {
     mBootFinished.store(true);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr && usePowerHintSession()) {
+            mPowerHintSessionRunning = halWrapper->startPowerHintSession();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void PowerAdvisor::setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) {
@@ -136,6 +153,80 @@
     }
 }
 
+// checks both if it supports and if it's enabled
+bool PowerAdvisor::usePowerHintSession() {
+    // uses cached value since the underlying support and flag are unlikely to change at runtime
+    ALOGE_IF(!mPowerHintEnabled.has_value(), "Power hint session cannot be used before boot!");
+    return mPowerHintEnabled.value_or(false) && supportsPowerHintSession();
+}
+
+bool PowerAdvisor::supportsPowerHintSession() {
+    // cache to avoid needing lock every time
+    if (!mSupportsPowerHint.has_value()) {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        mSupportsPowerHint = halWrapper->supportsPowerHintSession();
+    }
+    return *mSupportsPowerHint;
+}
+
+bool PowerAdvisor::isPowerHintSessionRunning() {
+    return mPowerHintSessionRunning;
+}
+
+void PowerAdvisor::setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) {
+    // we check "supports" here not "usePowerHintSession" because this needs to work
+    // before the session is actually running, and "use" will always fail before boot
+    // we store the values passed in before boot to start the session with during onBootFinished
+    if (!supportsPowerHintSession()) {
+        ALOGV("Power hint session target duration cannot be set, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr) {
+            halWrapper->setTargetWorkDuration(targetDurationNanos);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void PowerAdvisor::setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) {
+    // we check "supports" here not "usePowerHintSession" because this needs to wsork
+    // before the session is actually running, and "use" will always fail before boot.
+    // we store the values passed in before boot to start the session with during onBootFinished
+    if (!supportsPowerHintSession()) {
+        ALOGV("Power hint session thread ids cannot be set, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr) {
+            halWrapper->setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const_cast<std::vector<int32_t>&>(threadIds));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void PowerAdvisor::sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timeStampNanos) {
+    if (!mBootFinished || !usePowerHintSession()) {
+        ALOGV("Actual work duration power hint cannot be sent, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr) {
+            halWrapper->sendActualWorkDuration(actualDurationNanos, timeStampNanos);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// needs to be set after the flag is known but before PowerAdvisor enters onBootFinished
+void PowerAdvisor::enablePowerHint(bool enabled) {
+    mPowerHintEnabled = enabled;
+}
+
 class HidlPowerHalWrapper : public PowerAdvisor::HalWrapper {
 public:
     HidlPowerHalWrapper(sp<V1_3::IPower> powerHal) : mPowerHal(std::move(powerHal)) {}
@@ -178,6 +269,26 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    bool supportsPowerHintSession() override { return false; }
+
+    bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override { return false; }
+
+    void restartPowerHintSession() override {}
+
+    void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>&) override {}
+
+    bool startPowerHintSession() override { return false; }
+
+    void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t) override {}
+
+    void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t, nsecs_t) override {}
+
+    bool shouldReconnectHAL() override { return false; }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> getPowerHintSessionThreadIds() override { return std::vector<int32_t>{}; }
+
+    std::optional<int64_t> getTargetWorkDuration() override { return std::nullopt; }
+
 private:
     const sp<V1_3::IPower> mPowerHal = nullptr;
 };
@@ -195,9 +306,21 @@
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
             mHasDisplayUpdateImminent = false;
         }
+
+        // This just gives a number not a binder status, so no .isOk()
+        mSupportsPowerHints = mPowerHal->getInterfaceVersion() >= 2;
+
+        if (mSupportsPowerHints) {
+            mPowerHintQueue.reserve(MAX_QUEUE_SIZE);
+        }
     }
 
-    ~AidlPowerHalWrapper() override = default;
+    ~AidlPowerHalWrapper() override {
+        if (mPowerHintSession != nullptr) {
+            mPowerHintSession->close();
+            mPowerHintSession = nullptr;
+        }
+    };
 
     static std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect() {
         // This only waits if the service is actually declared
@@ -232,10 +355,147 @@
         return ret.isOk();
     }
 
+    // only version 2+ of the aidl supports power hint sessions, hidl has no support
+    bool supportsPowerHintSession() override { return mSupportsPowerHints; }
+
+    bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override { return mPowerHintSession != nullptr; }
+
+    void closePowerHintSession() {
+        if (mPowerHintSession != nullptr) {
+            mPowerHintSession->close();
+            mPowerHintSession = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void restartPowerHintSession() {
+        closePowerHintSession();
+        startPowerHintSession();
+    }
+
+    void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) override {
+        if (threadIds != mPowerHintThreadIds) {
+            mPowerHintThreadIds = threadIds;
+            if (isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+                restartPowerHintSession();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool startPowerHintSession() override {
+        if (mPowerHintSession != nullptr || !mPowerHintTargetDuration.has_value() ||
+            mPowerHintThreadIds.empty()) {
+            ALOGV("Cannot start power hint session, skipping");
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto ret = mPowerHal->createHintSession(getpid(), static_cast<int32_t>(getuid()),
+                                                mPowerHintThreadIds, *mPowerHintTargetDuration,
+                                                &mPowerHintSession);
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            ALOGW("Failed to start power hint session with error: %s",
+                  ret.exceptionToString(ret.exceptionCode()).c_str());
+            // Indicate to the poweradvisor that this wrapper likely needs to be remade
+            mShouldReconnectHal = true;
+        }
+        return isPowerHintSessionRunning();
+    }
+
+    bool shouldSetTargetDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) {
+        if (!mLastTargetDurationSent.has_value()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // report if the change in target from our last submission to now exceeds the threshold
+        return abs(1.0 -
+                   static_cast<double>(*mLastTargetDurationSent) /
+                           static_cast<double>(targetDurationNanos)) >=
+                ALLOWED_TARGET_DEVIATION_PERCENT;
+    }
+
+    void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) override {
+        mPowerHintTargetDuration = targetDurationNanos;
+        if (shouldSetTargetDuration(targetDurationNanos) && isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+            mLastTargetDurationSent = targetDurationNanos;
+            auto ret = mPowerHintSession->updateTargetWorkDuration(targetDurationNanos);
+            if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                ALOGW("Failed to set power hint target work duration with error: %s",
+                      ret.exceptionMessage().c_str());
+                mShouldReconnectHal = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool shouldReportActualDurationsNow() {
+        // report if we have never reported before or have exceeded the max queue size
+        if (!mLastMessageReported.has_value() || mPowerHintQueue.size() >= MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // duration of most recent timing
+        const double mostRecentActualDuration =
+                static_cast<double>(mPowerHintQueue.back().durationNanos);
+        // duration of the last timing actually reported to the powerhal
+        const double lastReportedActualDuration =
+                static_cast<double>(mLastMessageReported->durationNanos);
+
+        // report if the change in duration from then to now exceeds the threshold
+        return abs(1.0 - mostRecentActualDuration / lastReportedActualDuration) >=
+                ALLOWED_ACTUAL_DEVIATION_PERCENT;
+    }
+
+    void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timeStampNanos) override {
+        if (actualDurationNanos < 0 || !isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+            ALOGV("Failed to send actual work duration, skipping");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        WorkDuration duration;
+        duration.durationNanos = actualDurationNanos;
+        duration.timeStampNanos = timeStampNanos;
+        mPowerHintQueue.push_back(duration);
+
+        // This rate limiter queues similar duration reports to the powerhal into
+        // batches to avoid excessive binder calls. The criteria to send a given batch
+        // are outlined in shouldReportActualDurationsNow()
+        if (shouldReportActualDurationsNow()) {
+            auto ret = mPowerHintSession->reportActualWorkDuration(mPowerHintQueue);
+            if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                ALOGW("Failed to report actual work durations with error: %s",
+                      ret.exceptionMessage().c_str());
+                mShouldReconnectHal = true;
+            }
+            mPowerHintQueue.clear();
+            mLastMessageReported = duration;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool shouldReconnectHAL() override { return mShouldReconnectHal; }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> getPowerHintSessionThreadIds() override { return mPowerHintThreadIds; }
+
+    std::optional<int64_t> getTargetWorkDuration() override { return mPowerHintTargetDuration; }
+
 private:
+    // max number of messages allowed in mPowerHintQueue before reporting is forced
+    static constexpr int32_t MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = 15;
+    // max percent the actual duration can vary without causing a report (eg: 0.1 = 10%)
+    static constexpr double ALLOWED_ACTUAL_DEVIATION_PERCENT = 0.1;
+    // max percent the target duration can vary without causing a report (eg: 0.05 = 5%)
+    static constexpr double ALLOWED_TARGET_DEVIATION_PERCENT = 0.05;
+
     const sp<IPower> mPowerHal = nullptr;
     bool mHasExpensiveRendering = false;
     bool mHasDisplayUpdateImminent = false;
+    bool mShouldReconnectHal = false; // used to indicate an error state and need for reconstruction
+    // This is not thread safe, but is currently protected by mPowerHalMutex so it needs no lock
+    sp<IPowerHintSession> mPowerHintSession = nullptr;
+    std::vector<WorkDuration> mPowerHintQueue;
+    // halwrapper owns these values so we can init when we want and reconnect if broken
+    std::optional<int64_t> mPowerHintTargetDuration;
+    std::vector<int32_t> mPowerHintThreadIds;
+    // keep track of the last messages sent for rate limiter change detection
+    std::optional<WorkDuration> mLastMessageReported;
+    std::optional<int64_t> mLastTargetDurationSent;
+    bool mSupportsPowerHints;
 };
 
 PowerAdvisor::HalWrapper* PowerAdvisor::getPowerHal() {
@@ -246,6 +506,15 @@
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    // grab old hint session values before we destroy any existing wrapper
+    std::vector<int32_t> oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds;
+    std::optional<int64_t> oldTargetWorkDuration;
+
+    if (sHalWrapper != nullptr) {
+        oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds = sHalWrapper->getPowerHintSessionThreadIds();
+        oldTargetWorkDuration = sHalWrapper->getTargetWorkDuration();
+    }
+
     // If we used to have a HAL, but it stopped responding, attempt to reconnect
     if (mReconnectPowerHal) {
         sHalWrapper = nullptr;
@@ -253,15 +522,34 @@
     }
 
     if (sHalWrapper != nullptr) {
-        return sHalWrapper.get();
+        auto wrapper = sHalWrapper.get();
+        // if the wrapper is fine, return it, but if it indicates a reconnect, remake it
+        if (!wrapper->shouldReconnectHAL()) {
+            return wrapper;
+        }
+        sHalWrapper = nullptr;
     }
 
+    // at this point, we know for sure there is no running session
+    mPowerHintSessionRunning = false;
+
     // First attempt to connect to the AIDL Power HAL
     sHalWrapper = AidlPowerHalWrapper::connect();
 
     // If that didn't succeed, attempt to connect to the HIDL Power HAL
     if (sHalWrapper == nullptr) {
         sHalWrapper = HidlPowerHalWrapper::connect();
+    } else { // if AIDL, pass on any existing hint session values
+        // thread ids always safe to set
+        sHalWrapper->setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds);
+        // only set duration and start if duration is defined
+        if (oldTargetWorkDuration.has_value()) {
+            sHalWrapper->setTargetWorkDuration(*oldTargetWorkDuration);
+            // only start if possible to run and both threadids and duration are defined
+            if (usePowerHintSession() && !oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds.empty()) {
+                mPowerHintSessionRunning = sHalWrapper->startPowerHintSession();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // If we make it to this point and still don't have a HAL, it's unlikely we
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
index f2d0766..b8fd17d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@
     virtual void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) = 0;
     virtual bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() = 0;
     virtual void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() = 0;
+    virtual bool usePowerHintSession() = 0;
+    virtual bool supportsPowerHintSession() = 0;
+    virtual bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() = 0;
+    virtual void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) = 0;
+    virtual void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) = 0;
+    virtual void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp) = 0;
+    virtual void enablePowerHint(bool enabled) = 0;
 };
 
 namespace impl {
@@ -54,6 +61,17 @@
 
         virtual bool setExpensiveRendering(bool enabled) = 0;
         virtual bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() = 0;
+        virtual bool supportsPowerHintSession() = 0;
+        virtual bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() = 0;
+        virtual void restartPowerHintSession() = 0;
+        virtual void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) = 0;
+        virtual bool startPowerHintSession() = 0;
+        virtual void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) = 0;
+        virtual void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos,
+                                            nsecs_t timeStampNanos) = 0;
+        virtual bool shouldReconnectHAL() = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<int32_t> getPowerHintSessionThreadIds() = 0;
+        virtual std::optional<int64_t> getTargetWorkDuration() = 0;
     };
 
     PowerAdvisor(SurfaceFlinger& flinger);
@@ -62,8 +80,15 @@
     void init() override;
     void onBootFinished() override;
     void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) override;
-    bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() override { return mNotifiedExpensiveRendering; }
+    bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() override { return mNotifiedExpensiveRendering; };
     void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() override;
+    bool usePowerHintSession() override;
+    bool supportsPowerHintSession() override;
+    bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override;
+    void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) override;
+    void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) override;
+    void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp) override;
+    void enablePowerHint(bool enabled) override;
 
 private:
     HalWrapper* getPowerHal() REQUIRES(mPowerHalMutex);
@@ -71,6 +96,9 @@
     std::mutex mPowerHalMutex;
 
     std::atomic_bool mBootFinished = false;
+    std::optional<bool> mPowerHintEnabled;
+    std::optional<bool> mSupportsPowerHint;
+    bool mPowerHintSessionRunning = false;
 
     std::unordered_set<DisplayId> mExpensiveDisplays;
     bool mNotifiedExpensiveRendering = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h
index e9f06e5..639b3e5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,94 +19,110 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
-// Value which represents "frames per second". This class is a wrapper around
-// float, providing some useful utilities, such as comparisons with tolerance
-// and converting between period duration and frequency.
+// Frames per second, stored as floating-point frequency. Provides conversion from/to period in
+// nanoseconds, and relational operators with precision threshold.
+//
+//     const Fps fps = 60_Hz;
+//
+//     using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+//     assert(fps == Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(16'666'667));
+//
 class Fps {
 public:
-    static constexpr Fps fromPeriodNsecs(nsecs_t period) { return Fps(1e9f / period, period); }
+    constexpr Fps() = default;
 
-    Fps() = default;
-    explicit constexpr Fps(float fps)
-          : fps(fps), period(fps == 0.0f ? 0 : static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / fps)) {}
-
-    constexpr float getValue() const { return fps; }
-
-    constexpr nsecs_t getPeriodNsecs() const { return period; }
-
-    bool equalsWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return std::abs(fps - other.fps) < kMargin; }
-
-    // DO NOT use for std::sort. Instead use comparesLess().
-    bool lessThanWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return fps + kMargin < other.fps; }
-
-    bool greaterThanWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return fps > other.fps + kMargin; }
-
-    bool lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return !greaterThanWithMargin(other); }
-
-    bool greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return !lessThanWithMargin(other); }
-
-    bool isValid() const { return fps > 0.0f; }
-
-    int getIntValue() const { return static_cast<int>(std::round(fps)); }
-
-    // Use this comparator for sorting. Using a comparator with margins can
-    // cause std::sort to crash.
-    inline static bool comparesLess(const Fps& left, const Fps& right) {
-        return left.fps < right.fps;
+    static constexpr Fps fromValue(float frequency) {
+        return frequency > 0.f ? Fps(frequency, static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / frequency)) : Fps();
     }
 
-    // Compares two FPS with margin.
-    // Transitivity is not guaranteed, i.e. a==b and b==c doesn't imply a==c.
-    // DO NOT use with hash maps. Instead use EqualsInBuckets.
-    struct EqualsWithMargin {
-        bool operator()(const Fps& left, const Fps& right) const {
-            return left.equalsWithMargin(right);
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Equals comparator which can be used with hash maps.
-    // It's guaranteed that if two elements are equal, then their hashes are equal.
-    struct EqualsInBuckets {
-        bool operator()(const Fps& left, const Fps& right) const {
-            return left.getBucket() == right.getBucket();
-        }
-    };
-
-    inline friend std::string to_string(const Fps& fps) {
-        return base::StringPrintf("%.2ffps", fps.fps);
+    static constexpr Fps fromPeriodNsecs(nsecs_t period) {
+        return period > 0 ? Fps(1e9f / period, period) : Fps();
     }
 
-    inline friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Fps& fps) {
-        return os << to_string(fps);
-    }
+    constexpr bool isValid() const { return mFrequency > 0.f; }
+
+    constexpr float getValue() const { return mFrequency; }
+    int getIntValue() const { return static_cast<int>(std::round(mFrequency)); }
+
+    constexpr nsecs_t getPeriodNsecs() const { return mPeriod; }
 
 private:
-    friend std::hash<android::Fps>;
+    constexpr Fps(float frequency, nsecs_t period) : mFrequency(frequency), mPeriod(period) {}
 
-    constexpr Fps(float fps, nsecs_t period) : fps(fps), period(period) {}
-
-    float getBucket() const { return std::round(fps / kMargin); }
-
-    static constexpr float kMargin = 0.001f;
-    float fps = 0;
-    nsecs_t period = 0;
+    float mFrequency = 0.f;
+    nsecs_t mPeriod = 0;
 };
 
 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Fps>);
 
-} // namespace android
+constexpr Fps operator""_Hz(unsigned long long frequency) {
+    return Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(frequency));
+}
 
-namespace std {
-template <>
-struct hash<android::Fps> {
-    std::size_t operator()(const android::Fps& fps) const {
-        return std::hash<float>()(fps.getBucket());
-    }
+constexpr Fps operator""_Hz(long double frequency) {
+    return Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(frequency));
+}
+
+inline bool isStrictlyLess(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return lhs.getValue() < rhs.getValue();
+}
+
+// Does not satisfy equivalence relation.
+inline bool isApproxEqual(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    // TODO(b/185536303): Replace with ULP distance.
+    return std::abs(lhs.getValue() - rhs.getValue()) < 0.001f;
+}
+
+// Does not satisfy strict weak order.
+inline bool isApproxLess(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isStrictlyLess(lhs, rhs) && !isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+namespace fps_approx_ops {
+
+inline bool operator==(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isApproxLess(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return !isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isApproxLess(rhs, lhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return !isApproxLess(rhs, lhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return !isApproxLess(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+} // namespace fps_approx_ops
+
+struct FpsApproxEqual {
+    bool operator()(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) const { return isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs); }
 };
-} // namespace std
\ No newline at end of file
+
+inline std::string to_string(Fps fps) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("%.2f Hz", fps.getValue());
+}
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, Fps fps) {
+    return stream << to_string(fps);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 5707c67..388181c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
 Layer::Layer(const LayerCreationArgs& args)
       : mFlinger(args.flinger),
-        mName(args.name),
+        mName(base::StringPrintf("%s#%d", args.name.c_str(), sequence)),
         mClientRef(args.client),
         mWindowType(
                 static_cast<WindowInfo::Type>(args.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_WINDOW_TYPE, 0))) {
@@ -179,23 +179,9 @@
     if (mDrawingState.sidebandStream != nullptr) {
         mFlinger->mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->decrementTunnelModeCount();
     }
-
     if (mHadClonedChild) {
         mFlinger->mNumClones--;
     }
-
-    for (auto const& child : mCurrentChildren) {
-        if (child->mCurrentParent == this) child->mCurrentParent = nullptr;
-        if (child->mDrawingParent == this) {
-            child->mDrawingParent = nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    for (auto const& child : mDrawingChildren) {
-        if (child->mCurrentParent == this) child->mCurrentParent = nullptr;
-        if (child->mDrawingParent == this) {
-            child->mDrawingParent = nullptr;
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 LayerCreationArgs::LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, sp<Client> client, std::string name,
@@ -221,7 +207,8 @@
  * Layer.  So, the implementation is done in BufferLayer.  When called on a
  * EffectLayer object, it's essentially a NOP.
  */
-void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& /*releaseFence*/) {}
+void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> /*futureRenderEngineResult*/) {}
 
 void Layer::removeRelativeZ(const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree) {
     if (mDrawingState.zOrderRelativeOf == nullptr) {
@@ -251,7 +238,7 @@
 }
 
 sp<Layer> Layer::getRootLayer() {
-    auto parent = getParent();
+    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
     if (parent == nullptr) {
         return this;
     }
@@ -676,7 +663,7 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    const auto p = mDrawingParent;
+    const auto p = mDrawingParent.promote();
     return (p != nullptr) ? p->isSecure() : false;
 }
 
@@ -859,7 +846,7 @@
     if (getDrawingState().isTrustedOverlay) {
         return true;
     }
-    const auto p = mDrawingParent;
+    const auto& p = mDrawingParent.promote();
     return (p != nullptr) && p->isTrustedOverlay();
 }
 
@@ -1039,7 +1026,7 @@
         return mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionPriority;
     }
     // If not, search whether its parents have it set.
-    auto parent = getParent();
+    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
     if (parent != nullptr) {
         return parent->getFrameRateSelectionPriority();
     }
@@ -1052,11 +1039,10 @@
 };
 
 ui::LayerStack Layer::getLayerStack() const {
-    auto p = mDrawingParent;
-    if (p == nullptr) {
-        return getDrawingState().layerStack;
+    if (const auto parent = mDrawingParent.promote()) {
+        return parent->getLayerStack();
     }
-    return mDrawingParent->getLayerStack();
+    return getDrawingState().layerStack;
 }
 
 bool Layer::setShadowRadius(float shadowRadius) {
@@ -1101,7 +1087,7 @@
         return mDrawingState.stretchEffect;
     }
 
-    auto parent = mDrawingParent;
+    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
     if (parent != nullptr) {
         auto effect = parent->getStretchEffect();
         if (effect.hasEffect()) {
@@ -1137,7 +1123,7 @@
     if (!frameRate.rate.isValid() && frameRate.type != FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote &&
         childrenHaveFrameRate) {
         *transactionNeeded |=
-                setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate(Fps(0.0f), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
+                setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
     }
 
     // We return whether this layer ot its children has a vote. We ignore ExactOrMultiple votes for
@@ -1316,7 +1302,7 @@
 
 bool Layer::isHiddenByPolicy() const {
     const State& s(mDrawingState);
-    auto parent = mDrawingParent;
+    const auto& parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
     if (parent != nullptr && parent->isHiddenByPolicy()) {
         return true;
     }
@@ -1363,7 +1349,7 @@
     LayerDebugInfo info;
     const State& ds = getDrawingState();
     info.mName = getName();
-    auto parent = mDrawingParent;
+    sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
     info.mParentName = parent ? parent->getName() : "none"s;
     info.mType = getType();
     info.mTransparentRegion = ds.activeTransparentRegion_legacy;
@@ -1595,7 +1581,7 @@
 
 void Layer::setChildrenDrawingParent(const sp<Layer>& newParent) {
     for (const sp<Layer>& child : mDrawingChildren) {
-        child->mDrawingParent = newParent.get();
+        child->mDrawingParent = newParent;
         child->computeBounds(newParent->mBounds, newParent->mEffectiveTransform,
                              newParent->mEffectiveShadowRadius);
     }
@@ -1615,7 +1601,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    auto parent = getParent();
+    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
     if (parent != nullptr) {
         parent->removeChild(this);
     }
@@ -1650,7 +1636,7 @@
 
 mat4 Layer::getColorTransform() const {
     mat4 colorTransform = mat4(getDrawingState().colorTransform);
-    if (auto parent = mDrawingParent; parent != nullptr) {
+    if (sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote(); parent != nullptr) {
         colorTransform = parent->getColorTransform() * colorTransform;
     }
     return colorTransform;
@@ -1658,7 +1644,7 @@
 
 bool Layer::hasColorTransform() const {
     bool hasColorTransform = getDrawingState().hasColorTransform;
-    if (auto parent = mDrawingParent; parent != nullptr) {
+    if (sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote(); parent != nullptr) {
         hasColorTransform = hasColorTransform || parent->hasColorTransform();
     }
     return hasColorTransform;
@@ -1672,7 +1658,7 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::setParent(const sp<Layer>& layer) {
-    mCurrentParent = layer.get();
+    mCurrentParent = layer;
 }
 
 int32_t Layer::getZ(LayerVector::StateSet) const {
@@ -1876,7 +1862,7 @@
 }
 
 half Layer::getAlpha() const {
-    auto p = mDrawingParent;
+    const auto& p = mDrawingParent.promote();
 
     half parentAlpha = (p != nullptr) ? p->getAlpha() : 1.0_hf;
     return parentAlpha * getDrawingState().color.a;
@@ -1887,7 +1873,7 @@
     if (fixedTransformHint != ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID) {
         return fixedTransformHint;
     }
-    auto p = mCurrentParent;
+    const auto& p = mCurrentParent.promote();
     if (!p) return fixedTransformHint;
     return p->getFixedTransformHint();
 }
@@ -1898,7 +1884,7 @@
 }
 
 int32_t Layer::getBackgroundBlurRadius() const {
-    auto p = mDrawingParent;
+    const auto& p = mDrawingParent.promote();
 
     half parentAlpha = (p != nullptr) ? p->getAlpha() : 1.0_hf;
     return parentAlpha * getDrawingState().backgroundBlurRadius;
@@ -1916,8 +1902,9 @@
 Layer::RoundedCornerState Layer::getRoundedCornerState() const {
     // Get parent settings
     RoundedCornerState parentSettings;
-    if (mDrawingParent != nullptr) {
-        parentSettings = mDrawingParent->getRoundedCornerState();
+    const auto& parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
+    if (parent != nullptr) {
+        parentSettings = parent->getRoundedCornerState();
         if (parentSettings.radius > 0) {
             ui::Transform t = getActiveTransform(getDrawingState());
             t = t.inverse();
@@ -2133,7 +2120,7 @@
         LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(requestedTransform,
                                                  layerInfo->mutable_requested_transform());
 
-        auto parent = useDrawing ? mDrawingParent : mCurrentParent;
+        auto parent = useDrawing ? mDrawingParent.promote() : mCurrentParent.promote();
         if (parent != nullptr) {
             layerInfo->set_parent(parent->sequence);
         } else {
@@ -2280,9 +2267,9 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::fillTouchOcclusionMode(WindowInfo& info) {
-    Layer* p = this;
+    sp<Layer> p = this;
     while (p != nullptr && !p->hasInputInfo()) {
-        p = p->mDrawingParent;
+        p = p->mDrawingParent.promote();
     }
     if (p != nullptr) {
         info.touchOcclusionMode = p->mDrawingState.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode;
@@ -2294,8 +2281,9 @@
     if (mode == gui::DropInputMode::ALL) {
         return mode;
     }
-    if (mDrawingParent) {
-        gui::DropInputMode parentMode = mDrawingParent->getDropInputMode();
+    sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
+    if (parent) {
+        gui::DropInputMode parentMode = parent->getDropInputMode();
         if (parentMode != gui::DropInputMode::NONE) {
             return parentMode;
         }
@@ -2322,7 +2310,8 @@
     }
 
     // Check if the parent has set an alpha on the layer
-    if (mDrawingParent && mDrawingParent->getAlpha() != 1.0_hf) {
+    sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
+    if (parent && parent->getAlpha() != 1.0_hf) {
         info.inputFeatures |= WindowInfo::Feature::DROP_INPUT;
         ALOGV("Dropping input for %s as requested by policy because alpha=%f", getDebugName(),
               static_cast<float>(getAlpha()));
@@ -2420,10 +2409,10 @@
     if (mClonedChild != nullptr) {
         return this;
     }
-    if (mDrawingParent == nullptr) {
+    if (mDrawingParent == nullptr || mDrawingParent.promote() == nullptr) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-    return mDrawingParent->getClonedRoot();
+    return mDrawingParent.promote()->getClonedRoot();
 }
 
 bool Layer::hasInputInfo() const {
@@ -2610,7 +2599,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    return mDrawingParent && mDrawingParent->isInternalDisplayOverlay();
+    sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
+    return parent && parent->isInternalDisplayOverlay();
 }
 
 void Layer::setClonedChild(const sp<Layer>& clonedChild) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 07b2eb5..bf338c1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -616,7 +616,8 @@
     void prepareCompositionState(compositionengine::LayerFE::StateSubset subset) override;
     std::vector<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings> prepareClientCompositionList(
             compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) override;
-    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(
+            std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) override;
 
     void setWasClientComposed(const sp<Fence>& fence) override {
         mLastClientCompositionFence = fence;
@@ -795,12 +796,12 @@
     // Returns index if removed, or negative value otherwise
     // for symmetry with Vector::remove
     ssize_t removeChild(const sp<Layer>& layer);
+    sp<Layer> getParent() const { return mCurrentParent.promote(); }
 
     // Should be called with the surfaceflinger statelock held
     bool isAtRoot() const { return mIsAtRoot; }
     void setIsAtRoot(bool isAtRoot) { mIsAtRoot = isAtRoot; }
 
-    Layer* getParent() const { return mCurrentParent; }
     bool hasParent() const { return getParent() != nullptr; }
     Rect getScreenBounds(bool reduceTransparentRegion = true) const;
     bool setChildLayer(const sp<Layer>& childLayer, int32_t z);
@@ -1007,8 +1008,8 @@
     LayerVector mCurrentChildren{LayerVector::StateSet::Current};
     LayerVector mDrawingChildren{LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing};
 
-    Layer* mCurrentParent = nullptr;
-    Layer* mDrawingParent = nullptr;
+    wp<Layer> mCurrentParent;
+    wp<Layer> mDrawingParent;
 
     // Window types from WindowManager.LayoutParams
     const gui::WindowInfo::Type mWindowType;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
index 1062126..ee23561 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
@@ -53,28 +53,52 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    writeToProto(region, getRegionProto());
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const Region& region, RegionProto* regionProto) {
+    if (region.isEmpty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     Region::const_iterator head = region.begin();
     Region::const_iterator const tail = region.end();
     // Use a lambda do avoid writing the object header when the object is empty
-    RegionProto* regionProto = getRegionProto();
     while (head != tail) {
-        std::function<RectProto*()> getProtoRect = [&]() { return regionProto->add_rect(); };
-        writeToProto(*head, getProtoRect);
+        writeToProto(*head, regionProto->add_rect());
         head++;
     }
 }
 
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const RegionProto& regionProto, Region& outRegion) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < regionProto.rect_size(); i++) {
+        Rect rect;
+        readFromProto(regionProto.rect(i), rect);
+        outRegion.orSelf(rect);
+    }
+}
+
 void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const Rect& rect, std::function<RectProto*()> getRectProto) {
     if (rect.left != 0 || rect.right != 0 || rect.top != 0 || rect.bottom != 0) {
         // Use a lambda do avoid writing the object header when the object is empty
-        RectProto* rectProto = getRectProto();
-        rectProto->set_left(rect.left);
-        rectProto->set_top(rect.top);
-        rectProto->set_bottom(rect.bottom);
-        rectProto->set_right(rect.right);
+        writeToProto(rect, getRectProto());
     }
 }
 
+void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const Rect& rect, RectProto* rectProto) {
+    rectProto->set_left(rect.left);
+    rectProto->set_top(rect.top);
+    rectProto->set_bottom(rect.bottom);
+    rectProto->set_right(rect.right);
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const RectProto& proto, Rect& outRect) {
+    outRect.left = proto.left();
+    outRect.top = proto.top();
+    outRect.bottom = proto.bottom();
+    outRect.right = proto.right();
+}
+
 void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const FloatRect& rect,
                                     std::function<FloatRectProto*()> getFloatRectProto) {
     if (rect.left != 0 || rect.right != 0 || rect.top != 0 || rect.bottom != 0) {
@@ -189,6 +213,39 @@
     }
 }
 
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const ColorTransformProto& colorTransformProto, mat4& matrix) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mat4::ROW_SIZE; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < mat4::COL_SIZE; j++) {
+            matrix[i][j] = colorTransformProto.val(i * mat4::COL_SIZE + j);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const android::BlurRegion region, BlurRegion* proto) {
+    proto->set_blur_radius(region.blurRadius);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_tl(region.cornerRadiusTL);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_tr(region.cornerRadiusTR);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_bl(region.cornerRadiusBL);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_br(region.cornerRadiusBR);
+    proto->set_alpha(region.alpha);
+    proto->set_left(region.left);
+    proto->set_top(region.top);
+    proto->set_right(region.right);
+    proto->set_bottom(region.bottom);
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const BlurRegion& proto, android::BlurRegion& outRegion) {
+    outRegion.blurRadius = proto.blur_radius();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusTL = proto.corner_radius_tl();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusTR = proto.corner_radius_tr();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusBL = proto.corner_radius_bl();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusBR = proto.corner_radius_br();
+    outRegion.alpha = proto.alpha();
+    outRegion.left = proto.left();
+    outRegion.top = proto.top();
+    outRegion.right = proto.right();
+    outRegion.bottom = proto.bottom();
+}
 } // namespace surfaceflinger
 } // namespace android
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h
index 36e0647..249ec42 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <Layer.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
 #include <math/vec4.h>
+#include <ui/BlurRegion.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -33,9 +34,13 @@
     static void writeSizeToProto(const uint32_t w, const uint32_t h,
                                  std::function<SizeProto*()> getSizeProto);
     static void writeToProto(const Rect& rect, std::function<RectProto*()> getRectProto);
+    static void writeToProto(const Rect& rect, RectProto* rectProto);
+    static void readFromProto(const RectProto& proto, Rect& outRect);
     static void writeToProto(const FloatRect& rect,
                              std::function<FloatRectProto*()> getFloatRectProto);
     static void writeToProto(const Region& region, std::function<RegionProto*()> getRegionProto);
+    static void writeToProto(const Region& region, RegionProto* regionProto);
+    static void readFromProto(const RegionProto& regionProto, Region& outRegion);
     static void writeToProto(const half4 color, std::function<ColorProto*()> getColorProto);
     // This writeToProto for transform is incorrect, but due to backwards compatibility, we can't
     // update Layers to use it. Use writeTransformToProto for any new transform proto data.
@@ -49,6 +54,9 @@
                              const wp<Layer>& touchableRegionBounds,
                              std::function<InputWindowInfoProto*()> getInputWindowInfoProto);
     static void writeToProto(const mat4 matrix, ColorTransformProto* colorTransformProto);
+    static void readFromProto(const ColorTransformProto& colorTransformProto, mat4& matrix);
+    static void writeToProto(const android::BlurRegion region, BlurRegion*);
+    static void readFromProto(const BlurRegion& proto, android::BlurRegion& outRegion);
 };
 
 } // namespace surfaceflinger
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index ec81e63..2502d66 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
     t.apply();
 }
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::onInvalidate() {
+void RefreshRateOverlay::animate() {
     if (!mCurrentFps.has_value()) return;
 
     const auto& buffers = getOrCreateBuffers(*mCurrentFps);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index 354510a..65d446c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     void setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack);
     void setViewport(ui::Size);
     void changeRefreshRate(const Fps&);
-    void onInvalidate();
+    void animate();
 
 private:
     class SevenSegmentDrawer {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index aa2fec5..32585dd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
     if (mSampleRequestTime.has_value()) {
         ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::waitForSamplePhase));
         mSampleRequestTime.reset();
-        mFlinger.scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
+        mFlinger.scheduleSample();
     }
 }
 
@@ -356,10 +356,13 @@
                                                renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
     }
 
-    const sp<SyncScreenCaptureListener> captureListener = new SyncScreenCaptureListener();
-    mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer,
-                                 true /* regionSampling */, false /* grayscale */, captureListener);
-    ScreenCaptureResults captureResults = captureListener->waitForResults();
+    auto captureScreenResultFuture =
+            mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer,
+                                         true /* regionSampling */, false /* grayscale */, nullptr);
+    auto& captureScreenResult = captureScreenResultFuture.get();
+    if (captureScreenResult.drawFence.ok()) {
+        sync_wait(captureScreenResult.drawFence.get(), -1);
+    }
 
     std::vector<Descriptor> activeDescriptors;
     for (const auto& descriptor : descriptors) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
index 8a45b66..314526a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
       : mName(name),
         mOwnerUid(ownerUid),
         mDefaultVote(defaultVote),
-        mLayerVote({defaultVote, Fps(0.0f)}),
+        mLayerVote({defaultVote, Fps()}),
         mRefreshRateHistory(name) {}
 
 void LayerInfo::setLastPresentTime(nsecs_t lastPresentTime, nsecs_t now, LayerUpdateType updateType,
@@ -93,10 +93,11 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator>=;
+
     // Layer is considered frequent if the average frame rate is higher than the threshold
     const auto totalTime = mFrameTimes.back().queueTime - it->queueTime;
-    return Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(totalTime / (numFrames - 1))
-            .greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(kMinFpsForFrequentLayer);
+    return Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(totalTime / (numFrames - 1)) >= kMinFpsForFrequentLayer;
 }
 
 bool LayerInfo::isAnimating(nsecs_t now) const {
@@ -191,17 +192,17 @@
         return std::nullopt;
     }
 
-    const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
-    if (averageFrameTime.has_value()) {
+    if (const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime()) {
         const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
         const bool refreshRateConsistent = mRefreshRateHistory.add(refreshRate, now);
         if (refreshRateConsistent) {
             const auto knownRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs.findClosestKnownFrameRate(refreshRate);
-            // To avoid oscillation, use the last calculated refresh rate if it is
-            // close enough
+            using fps_approx_ops::operator!=;
+
+            // To avoid oscillation, use the last calculated refresh rate if it is close enough.
             if (std::abs(mLastRefreshRate.calculated.getValue() - refreshRate.getValue()) >
                         MARGIN &&
-                !mLastRefreshRate.reported.equalsWithMargin(knownRefreshRate)) {
+                mLastRefreshRate.reported != knownRefreshRate) {
                 mLastRefreshRate.calculated = refreshRate;
                 mLastRefreshRate.reported = knownRefreshRate;
             }
@@ -228,15 +229,15 @@
     if (isAnimating(now)) {
         ALOGV("%s is animating", mName.c_str());
         mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent = true;
-        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(0.0f)};
+        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps()};
     }
 
     if (!isFrequent(now)) {
         ALOGV("%s is infrequent", mName.c_str());
         mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent = true;
-        // Infrequent layers vote for mininal refresh rate for
+        // Infrequent layers vote for minimal refresh rate for
         // battery saving purposes and also to prevent b/135718869.
-        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, Fps(0.0f)};
+        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, Fps()};
     }
 
     // If the layer was previously tagged as animating or infrequent, we clear
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("%s Max (can't resolve refresh rate)", mName.c_str());
-    return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(0.0f)};
+    return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps()};
 }
 
 const char* LayerInfo::getTraceTag(android::scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const {
@@ -300,9 +301,13 @@
 bool LayerInfo::RefreshRateHistory::isConsistent() const {
     if (mRefreshRates.empty()) return true;
 
-    const auto max = std::max_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end());
-    const auto min = std::min_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end());
-    const auto consistent =
+    const auto [min, max] =
+            std::minmax_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end(),
+                                [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
+                                    return isStrictlyLess(lhs.refreshRate, rhs.refreshRate);
+                                });
+
+    const bool consistent =
             max->refreshRate.getValue() - min->refreshRate.getValue() < MARGIN_CONSISTENT_FPS;
 
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(sTraceEnabled)) {
@@ -321,4 +326,4 @@
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
\ No newline at end of file
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index ce9783c..92abbae 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     // is within a threshold. If a layer is infrequent, its average refresh rate is disregarded in
     // favor of a low refresh rate.
     static constexpr size_t kFrequentLayerWindowSize = 3;
-    static constexpr Fps kMinFpsForFrequentLayer{10.0f};
+    static constexpr Fps kMinFpsForFrequentLayer = 10_Hz;
     static constexpr auto kMaxPeriodForFrequentLayerNs =
             std::chrono::nanoseconds(kMinFpsForFrequentLayer.getPeriodNsecs()) + 1ms;
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     // Holds information about the layer vote
     struct LayerVote {
         LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type = LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-        Fps fps{0.0f};
+        Fps fps;
         Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
     };
 
@@ -86,19 +86,17 @@
         using Seamlessness = scheduler::Seamlessness;
 
         Fps rate;
-        FrameRateCompatibility type;
-        Seamlessness seamlessness;
+        FrameRateCompatibility type = FrameRateCompatibility::Default;
+        Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
 
-        FrameRate()
-              : rate(0),
-                type(FrameRateCompatibility::Default),
-                seamlessness(Seamlessness::Default) {}
+        FrameRate() = default;
+
         FrameRate(Fps rate, FrameRateCompatibility type,
                   Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless)
               : rate(rate), type(type), seamlessness(getSeamlessness(rate, seamlessness)) {}
 
         bool operator==(const FrameRate& other) const {
-            return rate.equalsWithMargin(other.rate) && type == other.type &&
+            return isApproxEqual(rate, other.rate) && type == other.type &&
                     seamlessness == other.seamlessness;
         }
 
@@ -151,7 +149,7 @@
     void setDefaultLayerVote(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) { mDefaultVote = type; }
 
     // Resets the layer vote to its default.
-    void resetLayerVote() { mLayerVote = {mDefaultVote, Fps(0.0f), Seamlessness::Default}; }
+    void resetLayerVote() { mLayerVote = {mDefaultVote, Fps(), Seamlessness::Default}; }
 
     std::string getName() const { return mName; }
 
@@ -201,9 +199,9 @@
     // Holds information about the calculated and reported refresh rate
     struct RefreshRateHeuristicData {
         // Rate calculated on the layer
-        Fps calculated{0.0f};
+        Fps calculated;
         // Last reported rate for LayerInfo::getRefreshRate()
-        Fps reported{0.0f};
+        Fps reported;
         // Whether the last reported rate for LayerInfo::getRefreshRate()
         // was due to animation or infrequent updates
         bool animatingOrInfrequent = false;
@@ -229,14 +227,8 @@
 
         // Holds the refresh rate when it was calculated
         struct RefreshRateData {
-            Fps refreshRate{0.0f};
+            Fps refreshRate;
             nsecs_t timestamp = 0;
-
-            bool operator<(const RefreshRateData& other) const {
-                // We don't need comparison with margins since we are using
-                // this to find the min and max refresh rates.
-                return refreshRate.getValue() < other.refreshRate.getValue();
-            }
         };
 
         // Holds tracing strings
@@ -268,7 +260,7 @@
 
     // Used for sanitizing the heuristic data. If two frames are less than
     // this period apart from each other they'll be considered as duplicates.
-    static constexpr nsecs_t kMinPeriodBetweenFrames = Fps(240.f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    static constexpr nsecs_t kMinPeriodBetweenFrames = (240_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     // Used for sanitizing the heuristic data. If two frames are more than
     // this period apart from each other, the interval between them won't be
     // taken into account when calculating average frame rate.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
index 4d51125..043a536 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
@@ -27,49 +27,55 @@
 #include "EventThread.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "MessageQueue.h"
-#include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 
 namespace android::impl {
 
-void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchRefresh() {
-    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(eventMaskRefresh) & eventMaskRefresh) == 0) {
-        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::REFRESH));
+void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchComposite() {
+    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(kComposite) & kComposite) == 0) {
+        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(kComposite));
     }
 }
 
-void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp) {
-    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(eventMaskInvalidate) & eventMaskInvalidate) == 0) {
+void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchCommit(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) {
+    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(kCommit) & kCommit) == 0) {
         mVsyncId = vsyncId;
-        mExpectedVSyncTime = expectedVSyncTimestamp;
-        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE));
+        mExpectedVsyncTime = expectedVsyncTime;
+        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(kCommit));
     }
 }
 
-bool MessageQueue::Handler::invalidatePending() {
-    constexpr auto pendingMask = eventMaskInvalidate | eventMaskRefresh;
-    return (mEventMask.load() & pendingMask) != 0;
+bool MessageQueue::Handler::isFramePending() const {
+    constexpr auto kPendingMask = kCommit | kComposite;
+    return (mEventMask.load() & kPendingMask) != 0;
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::Handler::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
+    const nsecs_t frameTime = systemTime();
     switch (message.what) {
-        case INVALIDATE:
-            mEventMask.fetch_and(~eventMaskInvalidate);
-            mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what, mVsyncId, mExpectedVSyncTime);
-            break;
-        case REFRESH:
-            mEventMask.fetch_and(~eventMaskRefresh);
-            mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what, mVsyncId, mExpectedVSyncTime);
+        case kCommit:
+            mEventMask.fetch_and(~kCommit);
+            if (!mQueue.mCompositor.commit(frameTime, mVsyncId, mExpectedVsyncTime)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // Composite immediately, rather than after pending tasks through scheduleComposite.
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case kComposite:
+            mEventMask.fetch_and(~kComposite);
+            mQueue.mCompositor.composite(frameTime);
+            mQueue.mCompositor.sample();
             break;
     }
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MessageQueue::MessageQueue(ICompositor& compositor)
+      : MessageQueue(compositor, sp<Handler>::make(*this)) {}
 
-void MessageQueue::init(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger) {
-    mFlinger = flinger;
-    mLooper = new Looper(true);
-    mHandler = new Handler(*this);
-}
+constexpr bool kAllowNonCallbacks = true;
+
+MessageQueue::MessageQueue(ICompositor& compositor, sp<Handler> handler)
+      : mCompositor(compositor),
+        mLooper(sp<Looper>::make(kAllowNonCallbacks)),
+        mHandler(std::move(handler)) {}
 
 // TODO(b/169865816): refactor VSyncInjections to use MessageQueue directly
 // and remove the EventThread from MessageQueue
@@ -110,11 +116,13 @@
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
         mVsync.lastCallbackTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncTime);
-        mVsync.scheduled = false;
+        mVsync.scheduledFrameTime.reset();
     }
-    mHandler->dispatchInvalidate(mVsync.tokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
-                                         {targetWakeupTime, readyTime, vsyncTime}),
-                                 vsyncTime);
+
+    const auto vsyncId = mVsync.tokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
+            {targetWakeupTime, readyTime, vsyncTime});
+
+    mHandler->dispatchCommit(vsyncId, vsyncTime);
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch& dispatch,
@@ -135,8 +143,8 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
     mVsync.workDuration = workDuration;
-    if (mVsync.scheduled) {
-        mVsync.expectedWakeupTime = mVsync.registration->schedule(
+    if (mVsync.scheduledFrameTime) {
+        mVsync.scheduledFrameTime = mVsync.registration->schedule(
                 {mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
                  /*readyDuration=*/0, mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
     }
@@ -168,7 +176,7 @@
     mLooper->sendMessage(handler, Message());
 }
 
-void MessageQueue::invalidate() {
+void MessageQueue::scheduleCommit() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     {
@@ -181,15 +189,14 @@
     }
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
-    mVsync.scheduled = true;
-    mVsync.expectedWakeupTime =
+    mVsync.scheduledFrameTime =
             mVsync.registration->schedule({.workDuration = mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
                                            .readyDuration = 0,
                                            .earliestVsync = mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
 }
 
-void MessageQueue::refresh() {
-    mHandler->dispatchRefresh();
+void MessageQueue::scheduleComposite() {
+    mHandler->dispatchComposite();
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::injectorCallback() {
@@ -198,24 +205,22 @@
     while ((n = DisplayEventReceiver::getEvents(&mInjector.tube, buffer, 8)) > 0) {
         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             if (buffer[i].header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC) {
-                mHandler->dispatchInvalidate(buffer[i].vsync.vsyncId,
-                                             buffer[i].vsync.expectedVSyncTimestamp);
+                mHandler->dispatchCommit(buffer[i].vsync.vsyncId,
+                                         buffer[i].vsync.expectedVSyncTimestamp);
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> MessageQueue::nextExpectedInvalidate() {
-    if (mHandler->invalidatePending()) {
-        return std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+auto MessageQueue::getScheduledFrameTime() const -> std::optional<Clock::time_point> {
+    if (mHandler->isFramePending()) {
+        return Clock::now();
     }
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
-    if (mVsync.scheduled) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mVsync.expectedWakeupTime.has_value(), "callback was never scheduled");
-        const auto expectedWakeupTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(*mVsync.expectedWakeupTime);
-        return std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>(expectedWakeupTime);
+    if (const auto time = mVsync.scheduledFrameTime) {
+        return Clock::time_point(std::chrono::nanoseconds(*time));
     }
 
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
index 58ce9b9..2c908a6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
@@ -33,7 +33,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-class SurfaceFlinger;
+struct ICompositor {
+    virtual bool commit(nsecs_t frameTime, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) = 0;
+    virtual void composite(nsecs_t frameTime) = 0;
+    virtual void sample() = 0;
+
+protected:
+    ~ICompositor() = default;
+};
 
 template <typename F>
 class Task : public MessageHandler {
@@ -56,65 +63,65 @@
 
 class MessageQueue {
 public:
-    enum {
-        INVALIDATE = 0,
-        REFRESH = 1,
-    };
-
     virtual ~MessageQueue() = default;
 
-    virtual void init(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger) = 0;
     virtual void initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                            std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) = 0;
     virtual void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) = 0;
     virtual void setInjector(sp<EventThreadConnection>) = 0;
     virtual void waitMessage() = 0;
     virtual void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) = 0;
-    virtual void invalidate() = 0;
-    virtual void refresh() = 0;
-    virtual std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextExpectedInvalidate() = 0;
-};
+    virtual void scheduleCommit() = 0;
+    virtual void scheduleComposite() = 0;
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    using Clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+    virtual std::optional<Clock::time_point> getScheduledFrameTime() const = 0;
+};
 
 namespace impl {
 
 class MessageQueue : public android::MessageQueue {
 protected:
     class Handler : public MessageHandler {
-        enum : uint32_t {
-            eventMaskInvalidate = 0x1,
-            eventMaskRefresh = 0x2,
-            eventMaskTransaction = 0x4
-        };
+        static constexpr uint32_t kCommit = 0b1;
+        static constexpr uint32_t kComposite = 0b10;
+
         MessageQueue& mQueue;
-        std::atomic<uint32_t> mEventMask;
-        std::atomic<int64_t> mVsyncId;
-        std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedVSyncTime;
+        std::atomic<uint32_t> mEventMask = 0;
+        std::atomic<int64_t> mVsyncId = 0;
+        std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedVsyncTime = 0;
 
     public:
-        explicit Handler(MessageQueue& queue) : mQueue(queue), mEventMask(0) {}
+        explicit Handler(MessageQueue& queue) : mQueue(queue) {}
         void handleMessage(const Message& message) override;
-        virtual void dispatchRefresh();
-        virtual void dispatchInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp);
-        virtual bool invalidatePending();
+
+        bool isFramePending() const;
+
+        virtual void dispatchCommit(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime);
+        void dispatchComposite();
     };
 
     friend class Handler;
 
-    sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger;
-    sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    // For tests.
+    MessageQueue(ICompositor&, sp<Handler>);
+
+    void vsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime);
+
+private:
+    ICompositor& mCompositor;
+    const sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    const sp<Handler> mHandler;
 
     struct Vsync {
         frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager = nullptr;
         std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration> registration;
 
-        std::mutex mutex;
+        mutable std::mutex mutex;
         TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> workDuration
                 GUARDED_BY(mutex) = {"VsyncWorkDuration-sf", std::chrono::nanoseconds(0)};
         std::chrono::nanoseconds lastCallbackTime GUARDED_BY(mutex) = std::chrono::nanoseconds{0};
-        bool scheduled GUARDED_BY(mutex) = false;
-        std::optional<nsecs_t> expectedWakeupTime GUARDED_BY(mutex);
+        std::optional<nsecs_t> scheduledFrameTime GUARDED_BY(mutex);
         TracedOrdinal<int> value = {"VSYNC-sf", 0};
     };
 
@@ -127,14 +134,11 @@
     Vsync mVsync;
     Injector mInjector;
 
-    sp<Handler> mHandler;
-
-    void vsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime);
     void injectorCallback();
 
 public:
-    ~MessageQueue() override = default;
-    void init(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger) override;
+    explicit MessageQueue(ICompositor&);
+
     void initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                    std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) override;
     void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) override;
@@ -143,13 +147,10 @@
     void waitMessage() override;
     void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) override;
 
-    // sends INVALIDATE message at next VSYNC
-    void invalidate() override;
+    void scheduleCommit() override;
+    void scheduleComposite() override;
 
-    // sends REFRESH message at next VSYNC
-    void refresh() override;
-
-    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextExpectedInvalidate() override;
+    std::optional<Clock::time_point> getScheduledFrameTime() const override;
 };
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
index c9f00a0..aabd88a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
@@ -42,19 +42,18 @@
 }
 
 std::vector<Fps> constructKnownFrameRates(const DisplayModes& modes) {
-    std::vector<Fps> knownFrameRates = {Fps(24.0f), Fps(30.0f), Fps(45.0f), Fps(60.0f), Fps(72.0f)};
+    std::vector<Fps> knownFrameRates = {24_Hz, 30_Hz, 45_Hz, 60_Hz, 72_Hz};
     knownFrameRates.reserve(knownFrameRates.size() + modes.size());
 
-    // Add all supported refresh rates to the set
+    // Add all supported refresh rates.
     for (const auto& mode : modes) {
-        const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mode->getVsyncPeriod());
-        knownFrameRates.emplace_back(refreshRate);
+        knownFrameRates.push_back(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mode->getVsyncPeriod()));
     }
 
-    // Sort and remove duplicates
-    std::sort(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(), Fps::comparesLess);
+    // Sort and remove duplicates.
+    std::sort(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(), isStrictlyLess);
     knownFrameRates.erase(std::unique(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(),
-                                      Fps::EqualsWithMargin()),
+                                      isApproxEqual),
                           knownFrameRates.end());
     return knownFrameRates;
 }
@@ -64,6 +63,11 @@
 using AllRefreshRatesMapType = RefreshRateConfigs::AllRefreshRatesMapType;
 using RefreshRate = RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
 
+bool RefreshRate::inPolicy(Fps minRefreshRate, Fps maxRefreshRate) const {
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator<=;
+    return minRefreshRate <= getFps() && getFps() <= maxRefreshRate;
+}
+
 std::string RefreshRate::toString() const {
     return base::StringPrintf("{id=%d, hwcId=%d, fps=%.2f, width=%d, height=%d group=%d}",
                               getModeId().value(), mode->getHwcId(), getFps().getValue(),
@@ -110,14 +114,14 @@
 
 bool RefreshRateConfigs::isVoteAllowed(const LayerRequirement& layer,
                                        const RefreshRate& refreshRate) const {
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+
     switch (layer.vote) {
         case LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple:
         case LayerVoteType::Heuristic:
             if (mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold != 0 &&
-                refreshRate.getFps().greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(
-                        Fps(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold)) &&
-                layer.desiredRefreshRate.lessThanWithMargin(
-                        Fps(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold / 2))) {
+                refreshRate.getFps() >= Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold) &&
+                layer.desiredRefreshRate < Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold / 2)) {
                 // Don't vote high refresh rates past the threshold for layers with a low desired
                 // refresh rate. For example, desired 24 fps with 120 Hz threshold means no vote for
                 // 120 Hz, but desired 60 fps should have a vote.
@@ -247,7 +251,7 @@
 };
 
 RefreshRate RefreshRateConfigs::getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                   const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+                                                   GlobalSignals globalSignals,
                                                    GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@
 }
 
 std::optional<RefreshRate> RefreshRateConfigs::getCachedBestRefreshRate(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, GlobalSignals globalSignals,
         GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     const bool sameAsLastCall = lastBestRefreshRateInvocation &&
             lastBestRefreshRateInvocation->layerRequirements == layers &&
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@
 }
 
 RefreshRate RefreshRateConfigs::getBestRefreshRateLocked(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, GlobalSignals globalSignals,
         GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV("getBestRefreshRate %zu layers", layers.size());
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@
     // move out the of range if layers explicitly request a different refresh
     // rate.
     const bool primaryRangeIsSingleRate =
-            policy->primaryRange.min.equalsWithMargin(policy->primaryRange.max);
+            isApproxEqual(policy->primaryRange.min, policy->primaryRange.max);
 
     if (!globalSignals.touch && globalSignals.idle &&
         !(primaryRangeIsSingleRate && hasExplicitVoteLayers)) {
@@ -498,8 +502,11 @@
             return explicitExact == 0;
         }
     }();
+
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
+
     if (globalSignals.touch && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
-        bestRefreshRate->getFps().lessThanWithMargin(touchRefreshRate.getFps())) {
+        bestRefreshRate->getFps() < touchRefreshRate.getFps()) {
         setTouchConsidered();
         ALOGV("TouchBoost - choose %s", touchRefreshRate.getName().c_str());
         return touchRefreshRate;
@@ -552,7 +559,8 @@
 }
 
 RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateOverrides(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, Fps displayFrameRate, bool touch) const {
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, Fps displayFrameRate,
+        GlobalSignals globalSignals) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (!mSupportsFrameRateOverride) return {};
 
@@ -570,7 +578,7 @@
                                 return layer->vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
                             });
 
-        if (touch && hasExplicitExactOrMultiple) {
+        if (globalSignals.touch && hasExplicitExactOrMultiple) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -798,8 +806,10 @@
         ALOGE("Default mode is not in the primary range.");
         return false;
     }
-    return policy.appRequestRange.min.lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(policy.primaryRange.min) &&
-            policy.appRequestRange.max.greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(policy.primaryRange.max);
+
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+    return policy.appRequestRange.min <= policy.primaryRange.min &&
+            policy.appRequestRange.max >= policy.primaryRange.max;
 }
 
 status_t RefreshRateConfigs::setDisplayManagerPolicy(const Policy& policy) {
@@ -925,19 +935,21 @@
 }
 
 Fps RefreshRateConfigs::findClosestKnownFrameRate(Fps frameRate) const {
-    if (frameRate.lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(*mKnownFrameRates.begin())) {
-        return *mKnownFrameRates.begin();
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+
+    if (frameRate <= mKnownFrameRates.front()) {
+        return mKnownFrameRates.front();
     }
 
-    if (frameRate.greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(*std::prev(mKnownFrameRates.end()))) {
-        return *std::prev(mKnownFrameRates.end());
+    if (frameRate >= mKnownFrameRates.back()) {
+        return mKnownFrameRates.back();
     }
 
     auto lowerBound = std::lower_bound(mKnownFrameRates.begin(), mKnownFrameRates.end(), frameRate,
-                                       Fps::comparesLess);
+                                       isStrictlyLess);
 
-    const auto distance1 = std::abs((frameRate.getValue() - lowerBound->getValue()));
-    const auto distance2 = std::abs((frameRate.getValue() - std::prev(lowerBound)->getValue()));
+    const auto distance1 = std::abs(frameRate.getValue() - lowerBound->getValue());
+    const auto distance2 = std::abs(frameRate.getValue() - std::prev(lowerBound)->getValue());
     return distance1 < distance2 ? *lowerBound : *std::prev(lowerBound);
 }
 
@@ -956,7 +968,7 @@
     }
     if (minByPolicy == maxByPolicy) {
         // when min primary range in display manager policy is below device min turn on the timer.
-        if (currentPolicy->primaryRange.min.lessThanWithMargin(deviceMin.getFps())) {
+        if (isApproxLess(currentPolicy->primaryRange.min, deviceMin.getFps())) {
             return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn;
         }
         return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff;
@@ -982,14 +994,14 @@
 }
 
 bool RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps smaller, Fps bigger) {
-    if (smaller.getValue() > bigger.getValue()) {
+    if (isStrictlyLess(bigger, smaller)) {
         return isFractionalPairOrMultiple(bigger, smaller);
     }
 
     const auto multiplier = std::round(bigger.getValue() / smaller.getValue());
     constexpr float kCoef = 1000.f / 1001.f;
-    return bigger.equalsWithMargin(Fps(smaller.getValue() * multiplier / kCoef)) ||
-            bigger.equalsWithMargin(Fps(smaller.getValue() * multiplier * kCoef));
+    return isApproxEqual(bigger, Fps::fromValue(smaller.getValue() * multiplier / kCoef)) ||
+            isApproxEqual(bigger, Fps::fromValue(smaller.getValue() * multiplier * kCoef));
 }
 
 void RefreshRateConfigs::dump(std::string& result) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
index 3abf83d..53472ef 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
@@ -76,19 +76,15 @@
 
         // Checks whether the fps of this RefreshRate struct is within a given min and max refresh
         // rate passed in. Margin of error is applied to the boundaries for approximation.
-        bool inPolicy(Fps minRefreshRate, Fps maxRefreshRate) const {
-            return minRefreshRate.lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(getFps()) &&
-                    getFps().lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(maxRefreshRate);
-        }
+        bool inPolicy(Fps minRefreshRate, Fps maxRefreshRate) const;
 
-        bool operator!=(const RefreshRate& other) const { return mode != other.mode; }
+        bool operator==(const RefreshRate& other) const { return mode == other.mode; }
+        bool operator!=(const RefreshRate& other) const { return !operator==(other); }
 
         bool operator<(const RefreshRate& other) const {
-            return getFps().getValue() < other.getFps().getValue();
+            return isStrictlyLess(getFps(), other.getFps());
         }
 
-        bool operator==(const RefreshRate& other) const { return !(*this != other); }
-
         std::string toString() const;
         friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const RefreshRate& refreshRate) {
             return os << refreshRate.toString();
@@ -105,11 +101,11 @@
             std::unordered_map<DisplayModeId, std::unique_ptr<const RefreshRate>>;
 
     struct FpsRange {
-        Fps min{0.0f};
-        Fps max{std::numeric_limits<float>::max()};
+        Fps min = Fps::fromValue(0.f);
+        Fps max = Fps::fromValue(std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
 
         bool operator==(const FpsRange& other) const {
-            return min.equalsWithMargin(other.min) && max.equalsWithMargin(other.max);
+            return isApproxEqual(min, other.min) && isApproxEqual(max, other.max);
         }
 
         bool operator!=(const FpsRange& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
@@ -221,7 +217,7 @@
         // Layer vote type.
         LayerVoteType vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
         // Layer's desired refresh rate, if applicable.
-        Fps desiredRefreshRate{0.0f};
+        Fps desiredRefreshRate;
         // If a seamless mode switch is required.
         Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
         // Layer's weight in the range of [0, 1]. The higher the weight the more impact this layer
@@ -232,7 +228,7 @@
 
         bool operator==(const LayerRequirement& other) const {
             return name == other.name && vote == other.vote &&
-                    desiredRefreshRate.equalsWithMargin(other.desiredRefreshRate) &&
+                    isApproxEqual(desiredRefreshRate, other.desiredRefreshRate) &&
                     seamlessness == other.seamlessness && weight == other.weight &&
                     focused == other.focused;
         }
@@ -247,18 +243,14 @@
         // True if the system hasn't seen any buffers posted to layers recently.
         bool idle = false;
 
-        bool operator==(const GlobalSignals& other) const {
+        bool operator==(GlobalSignals other) const {
             return touch == other.touch && idle == other.idle;
         }
     };
 
-    // Returns the refresh rate that fits best to the given layers.
-    //   layers - The layer requirements to consider.
-    //   globalSignals - global state of touch and idle
-    //   outSignalsConsidered - An output param that tells the caller whether the refresh rate was
-    //                          chosen based on touch boost and/or idle timer.
-    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                   const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+    // Returns the refresh rate that best fits the given layers. outSignalsConsidered returns
+    // whether the refresh rate was chosen based on touch boost and/or idle timer.
+    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&, GlobalSignals,
                                    GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered = nullptr) const
             EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
@@ -349,13 +341,10 @@
     static bool isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps, Fps);
 
     using UidToFrameRateOverride = std::map<uid_t, Fps>;
+
     // Returns the frame rate override for each uid.
-    //
-    // @param layers list of visible layers
-    // @param displayFrameRate the display frame rate
-    // @param touch whether touch timer is active (i.e. user touched the screen recently)
-    UidToFrameRateOverride getFrameRateOverrides(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                 Fps displayFrameRate, bool touch) const
+    UidToFrameRateOverride getFrameRateOverrides(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&,
+                                                 Fps displayFrameRate, GlobalSignals) const
             EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     bool supportsKernelIdleTimer() const { return mConfig.supportKernelIdleTimer; }
@@ -396,13 +385,12 @@
             const std::function<bool(const RefreshRate&)>& shouldAddRefreshRate,
             std::vector<const RefreshRate*>* outRefreshRates) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    std::optional<RefreshRate> getCachedBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                        const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+    std::optional<RefreshRate> getCachedBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&,
+                                                        GlobalSignals,
                                                         GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRateLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                         const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRateLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&, GlobalSignals,
                                          GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Returns the refresh rate with the highest score in the collection specified from begin
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
index 208a767..80aa96f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <numeric>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ftl/small_map.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
 #include "Fps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h"
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
-#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
-#include "utils/Timers.h"
-
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 /**
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
     static constexpr int64_t MS_PER_DAY = 24 * MS_PER_HOUR;
 
 public:
+    // TODO(b/185535769): Inject clock to avoid sleeping in tests.
     RefreshRateStats(TimeStats& timeStats, Fps currentRefreshRate,
                      android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode currentPowerMode)
           : mTimeStats(timeStats),
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@
     // Sets config mode. If the mode has changed, it records how much time was spent in the previous
     // mode.
     void setRefreshRate(Fps currRefreshRate) {
-        if (mCurrentRefreshRate.equalsWithMargin(currRefreshRate)) {
+        if (isApproxEqual(mCurrentRefreshRate, currRefreshRate)) {
             return;
         }
         mTimeStats.incrementRefreshRateSwitches();
@@ -66,25 +69,26 @@
         mCurrentRefreshRate = currRefreshRate;
     }
 
-    // Returns a map between human readable refresh rate and number of seconds the device spent in
-    // that mode.
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> getTotalTimes() {
+    // Maps stringified refresh rate to total time spent in that mode.
+    using TotalTimes = ftl::SmallMap<std::string, std::chrono::milliseconds, 3>;
+
+    TotalTimes getTotalTimes() {
         // If the power mode is on, then we are probably switching between the config modes. If
         // it's not then the screen is probably off. Make sure to flush times before printing
         // them.
         flushTime();
 
-        std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> totalTime;
-        // Multiple configs may map to the same name, e.g. "60fps". Add the
-        // times for such configs together.
-        for (const auto& [configId, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
-            totalTime[to_string(configId)] = 0;
+        TotalTimes totalTimes = ftl::init::map("ScreenOff", mScreenOffTime);
+        const auto zero = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
+
+        // Sum the times for modes that map to the same name, e.g. "60 Hz".
+        for (const auto& [fps, time] : mFpsTotalTimes) {
+            const auto string = to_string(fps);
+            const auto total = std::as_const(totalTimes).get(string).value_or(std::cref(zero));
+            totalTimes.emplace_or_replace(string, total.get() + time);
         }
-        for (const auto& [configId, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
-            totalTime[to_string(configId)] += time;
-        }
-        totalTime["ScreenOff"] = mScreenOffTime;
-        return totalTime;
+
+        return totalTimes;
     }
 
     // Traverses through the map of config modes and returns how long they've been running in easy
@@ -102,28 +106,32 @@
     // Calculates the time that passed in ms between the last time we recorded time and the time
     // this method was called.
     void flushTime() {
-        nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime();
-        nsecs_t timeElapsed = currentTime - mPreviousRecordedTime;
-        int64_t timeElapsedMs = ns2ms(timeElapsed);
+        const nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime();
+        const nsecs_t timeElapsed = currentTime - mPreviousRecordedTime;
         mPreviousRecordedTime = currentTime;
 
+        const auto duration = std::chrono::milliseconds{ns2ms(timeElapsed)};
+        const auto zero = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
+
         uint32_t fps = 0;
+
         if (mCurrentPowerMode == android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode::ON) {
             // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
-            if (mConfigModesTotalTime.find(mCurrentRefreshRate) == mConfigModesTotalTime.end()) {
-                mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentRefreshRate] = 0;
-            }
-            mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentRefreshRate] += timeElapsedMs;
+            const auto total = std::as_const(mFpsTotalTimes)
+                                       .get(mCurrentRefreshRate)
+                                       .value_or(std::cref(zero));
+            mFpsTotalTimes.emplace_or_replace(mCurrentRefreshRate, total.get() + duration);
+
             fps = static_cast<uint32_t>(mCurrentRefreshRate.getIntValue());
         } else {
-            mScreenOffTime += timeElapsedMs;
+            mScreenOffTime += duration;
         }
         mTimeStats.recordRefreshRate(fps, timeElapsed);
     }
 
     // Formats the time in milliseconds into easy to read format.
-    static std::string getDateFormatFromMs(int64_t timeMs) {
-        auto [days, dayRemainderMs] = std::div(timeMs, MS_PER_DAY);
+    static std::string getDateFormatFromMs(std::chrono::milliseconds time) {
+        auto [days, dayRemainderMs] = std::div(static_cast<int64_t>(time.count()), MS_PER_DAY);
         auto [hours, hourRemainderMs] = std::div(dayRemainderMs, MS_PER_HOUR);
         auto [mins, minsRemainderMs] = std::div(hourRemainderMs, MS_PER_MIN);
         auto [sec, secRemainderMs] = std::div(minsRemainderMs, MS_PER_S);
@@ -138,9 +146,8 @@
     Fps mCurrentRefreshRate;
     android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode mCurrentPowerMode;
 
-    std::unordered_map<Fps, int64_t /* duration in ms */, std::hash<Fps>, Fps::EqualsInBuckets>
-            mConfigModesTotalTime;
-    int64_t mScreenOffTime = 0;
+    ftl::SmallMap<Fps, std::chrono::milliseconds, 2, FpsApproxEqual> mFpsTotalTimes;
+    std::chrono::milliseconds mScreenOffTime = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
 
     nsecs_t mPreviousRecordedTime = systemTime();
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 12e741b..eeea25d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -206,14 +206,14 @@
     {
         const auto iter = mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.find(uid);
         if (iter != mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.end()) {
-            return std::make_optional<Fps>(iter->second);
+            return iter->second;
         }
     }
 
     {
         const auto iter = mFrameRateOverridesByContent.find(uid);
         if (iter != mFrameRateOverridesByContent.end()) {
-            return std::make_optional<Fps>(iter->second);
+            return iter->second;
         }
     }
 
@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@
         thread = mConnections[handle].thread.get();
     }
     thread->onScreenAcquired();
+    mScreenAcquired = true;
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onScreenReleased(ConnectionHandle handle) {
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@
         thread = mConnections[handle].thread.get();
     }
     thread->onScreenReleased();
+    mScreenAcquired = false;
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onFrameRateOverridesChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
@@ -697,15 +699,16 @@
         return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate();
     }();
 
-    constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER{65.0f};
-    if (state == TimerState::Reset &&
-        refreshRate.getFps().greaterThanWithMargin(FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER)) {
+    constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER = 65_Hz;
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+
+    if (state == TimerState::Reset && refreshRate.getFps() > FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER) {
         // If we're not in performance mode then the kernel timer shouldn't do
         // anything, as the refresh rate during DPU power collapse will be the
         // same.
         resyncToHardwareVsync(true /* makeAvailable */, refreshRate.getVsyncPeriod());
     } else if (state == TimerState::Expired &&
-               refreshRate.getFps().lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER)) {
+               refreshRate.getFps() <= FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER) {
         // Disable HW VSYNC if the timer expired, as we don't need it enabled if
         // we're not pushing frames, and if we're in PERFORMANCE mode then we'll
         // need to update the VsyncController model anyway.
@@ -760,6 +763,13 @@
         }
         StringAppendF(&result, "}\n");
     }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mHWVsyncLock);
+        StringAppendF(&result,
+                      "mScreenAcquired=%d mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled=%d mHWVsyncAvailable=%d\n",
+                      mScreenAcquired.load(), mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled, mHWVsyncAvailable);
+    }
 }
 
 void Scheduler::dumpVsync(std::string& s) const {
@@ -781,13 +791,12 @@
     if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
         const auto frameRateOverrides =
                 refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(mFeatures.contentRequirements,
-                                                          displayRefreshRate,
-                                                          consideredSignals.touch);
+                                                          displayRefreshRate, consideredSignals);
         std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
         if (!std::equal(mFrameRateOverridesByContent.begin(), mFrameRateOverridesByContent.end(),
                         frameRateOverrides.begin(), frameRateOverrides.end(),
-                        [](const std::pair<uid_t, Fps>& a, const std::pair<uid_t, Fps>& b) {
-                            return a.first == b.first && a.second.equalsWithMargin(b.second);
+                        [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
+                            return lhs.first == rhs.first && isApproxEqual(lhs.second, rhs.second);
                         })) {
             mFrameRateOverridesByContent = frameRateOverrides;
             return true;
@@ -870,7 +879,7 @@
 
 void Scheduler::onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& timeline) {
     if (timeline.refreshRequired) {
-        mSchedulerCallback.scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kNone);
+        mSchedulerCallback.scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncTimelineLock);
@@ -882,12 +891,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::onDisplayRefreshed(nsecs_t timestamp) {
-    const bool refresh = [=] {
+void Scheduler::onPostComposition(nsecs_t presentTime) {
+    const bool recomposite = [=] {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncTimelineLock);
         if (mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline && mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshRequired) {
-            if (timestamp < mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshTimeNanos) {
-                // We need to schedule another refresh as refreshTimeNanos is still in the future.
+            if (presentTime < mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshTimeNanos) {
+                // We need to composite again as refreshTimeNanos is still in the future.
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -896,8 +905,8 @@
         return false;
     }();
 
-    if (refresh) {
-        mSchedulerCallback.scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kNone);
+    if (recomposite) {
+        mSchedulerCallback.scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 }
 
@@ -912,7 +921,8 @@
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     if (frameRateOverride.frameRateHz != 0.f) {
-        mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor[frameRateOverride.uid] = Fps(frameRateOverride.frameRateHz);
+        mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor[frameRateOverride.uid] =
+                Fps::fromValue(frameRateOverride.frameRateHz);
     } else {
         mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.erase(frameRateOverride.uid);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 3f3debe..8397738 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     // Indicates frame activity, i.e. whether commit and/or composite is taking place.
     enum class FrameHint { kNone, kActive };
 
-    virtual void scheduleRefresh(FrameHint) = 0;
+    virtual void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) = 0;
     virtual void setVsyncEnabled(bool) = 0;
     virtual void changeRefreshRate(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate&,
                                    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent) = 0;
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@
     // Notifies the scheduler about a refresh rate timeline change.
     void onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& timeline);
 
-    // Notifies the scheduler when the display was refreshed
-    void onDisplayRefreshed(nsecs_t timestamp);
+    // Notifies the scheduler post composition.
+    void onPostComposition(nsecs_t presentTime);
 
     // Notifies the scheduler when the display size has changed. Called from SF's main thread
     void onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea);
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
     InjectVSyncSource* mVSyncInjector = nullptr;
     ConnectionHandle mInjectorConnectionHandle;
 
-    std::mutex mHWVsyncLock;
+    mutable std::mutex mHWVsyncLock;
     bool mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock) = false;
     bool mHWVsyncAvailable GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock) = false;
 
@@ -350,6 +350,9 @@
             GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor
             GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
+
+    // Keeps track of whether the screen is acquired for debug
+    std::atomic<bool> mScreenAcquired = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
index 43e0297..ff31651 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
@@ -48,14 +48,12 @@
 }
 
 PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet VsyncConfiguration::getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const {
-    const auto iter = mOffsetsCache.find(fps);
-    if (iter != mOffsetsCache.end()) {
-        return iter->second;
+    if (const auto offsets = mOffsetsCache.get(fps)) {
+        return offsets->get();
     }
 
-    const auto offset = constructOffsets(fps.getPeriodNsecs());
-    mOffsetsCache[fps] = offset;
-    return offset;
+    const auto [it, _] = mOffsetsCache.try_emplace(fps, constructOffsets(fps.getPeriodNsecs()));
+    return it->second;
 }
 
 void VsyncConfiguration::dump(std::string& result) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
index 3e53b3f..8447512 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <mutex>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
 
+#include <ftl/small_map.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 #include "Fps.h"
@@ -88,9 +88,8 @@
 
     VsyncConfigSet getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    mutable std::unordered_map<Fps, VsyncConfigSet, std::hash<Fps>, Fps::EqualsInBuckets>
-            mOffsetsCache GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    std::atomic<Fps> mRefreshRateFps GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    mutable ftl::SmallMap<Fps, VsyncConfigSet, 2, FpsApproxEqual> mOffsetsCache GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    Fps mRefreshRateFps GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index acb81dc..8d7221c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
         mTimeStats(std::make_shared<impl::TimeStats>()),
         mFrameTracer(mFactory.createFrameTracer()),
         mFrameTimeline(mFactory.createFrameTimeline(mTimeStats, getpid())),
-        mEventQueue(mFactory.createMessageQueue()),
+        mEventQueue(mFactory.createMessageQueue(*this)),
         mCompositionEngine(mFactory.createCompositionEngine()),
         mHwcServiceName(base::GetProperty("debug.sf.hwc_service_name"s, "default"s)),
         mTunnelModeEnabledReporter(new TunnelModeEnabledReporter()),
@@ -506,10 +506,6 @@
 
 SurfaceFlinger::~SurfaceFlinger() = default;
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onFirstRef() {
-    mEventQueue->init(this);
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>&) {
     // the window manager died on us. prepare its eulogy.
     mBootFinished = false;
@@ -713,6 +709,7 @@
     ALOGI("Boot is finished (%ld ms)", long(ns2ms(duration)) );
 
     mFlagManager = std::make_unique<android::FlagManager>();
+    mPowerAdvisor.enablePowerHint(mFlagManager->use_adpf_cpu_hint());
     mFrameTracer->initialize();
     mFrameTimeline->onBootFinished();
 
@@ -1043,7 +1040,7 @@
         outMode.refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(period).getValue();
 
         const auto vsyncConfigSet =
-                mVsyncConfiguration->getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(outMode.refreshRate));
+                mVsyncConfiguration->getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps::fromValue(outMode.refreshRate));
         outMode.appVsyncOffset = vsyncConfigSet.late.appOffset;
         outMode.sfVsyncOffset = vsyncConfigSet.late.sfOffset;
         outMode.group = mode->getGroup();
@@ -1104,7 +1101,7 @@
     }
 
     if (display->setDesiredActiveMode(info)) {
-        scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kNone);
+        scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
 
         // Start receiving vsync samples now, so that we can detect a period
         // switch.
@@ -1704,31 +1701,26 @@
     return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, eventRegistration);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleInvalidate(FrameHint hint) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleCommit(FrameHint hint) {
     if (hint == FrameHint::kActive) {
         mScheduler->resetIdleTimer();
     }
     mPowerAdvisor.notifyDisplayUpdateImminent();
-    mEventQueue->invalidate();
+    mEventQueue->scheduleCommit();
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleRefresh(FrameHint hint) {
-    mForceRefresh = true;
-    scheduleInvalidate(hint);
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleComposite(FrameHint hint) {
+    mMustComposite = true;
+    scheduleCommit(hint);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleRepaint() {
     mGeometryDirty = true;
-    scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kActive);
+    scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::signalLayerUpdate() {
-    scheduleInvalidate(FrameHint::kActive);
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::signalRefresh() {
-    mRefreshPending = true;
-    mEventQueue->refresh();
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleSample() {
+    static_cast<void>(schedule([this] { sample(); }));
 }
 
 nsecs_t SurfaceFlinger::getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const {
@@ -1834,7 +1826,7 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onComposerHalRefresh(hal::HWDisplayId) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-    scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kNone);
+    scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setVsyncEnabled(bool enabled) {
@@ -1846,7 +1838,7 @@
 
         if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
             display && display->isPoweredOn()) {
-            getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(display->getPhysicalId(), mHWCVsyncPendingState);
+            setHWCVsyncEnabled(display->getPhysicalId(), mHWCVsyncPendingState);
         }
     }));
 }
@@ -1889,40 +1881,26 @@
                                                           : stats.vsyncTime + stats.vsyncPeriod;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageReceived(int32_t what, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime) {
-    switch (what) {
-        case MessageQueue::INVALIDATE: {
-            onMessageInvalidate(vsyncId, expectedVSyncTime);
-            break;
-        }
-        case MessageQueue::REFRESH: {
-            onMessageRefresh();
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime) {
-    const nsecs_t frameStart = systemTime();
+bool SurfaceFlinger::commit(nsecs_t frameTime, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) {
     // calculate the expected present time once and use the cached
     // value throughout this frame to make sure all layers are
     // seeing this same value.
-    if (expectedVSyncTime >= frameStart) {
-        mExpectedPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
+    if (expectedVsyncTime >= frameTime) {
+        mExpectedPresentTime = expectedVsyncTime;
     } else {
-        const DisplayStatInfo stats = mScheduler->getDisplayStatInfo(frameStart);
+        const DisplayStatInfo stats = mScheduler->getDisplayStatInfo(frameTime);
         mExpectedPresentTime = calculateExpectedPresentTime(stats);
     }
 
     const nsecs_t lastScheduledPresentTime = mScheduledPresentTime;
-    mScheduledPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
+    mScheduledPresentTime = expectedVsyncTime;
 
     const auto vsyncIn = [&] {
         if (!ATRACE_ENABLED()) return 0.f;
         return (mExpectedPresentTime - systemTime()) / 1e6f;
     }();
-    ATRACE_FORMAT("onMessageInvalidate %" PRId64 " vsyncIn %.2fms%s", vsyncId, vsyncIn,
-                  mExpectedPresentTime == expectedVSyncTime ? "" : " (adjusted)");
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("%s %" PRId64 " vsyncIn %.2fms%s", __func__, vsyncId, vsyncIn,
+                  mExpectedPresentTime == expectedVsyncTime ? "" : " (adjusted)");
 
     // When Backpressure propagation is enabled we want to give a small grace period
     // for the present fence to fire instead of just giving up on this frame to handle cases
@@ -1969,11 +1947,11 @@
     }
 
     // If we are in the middle of a mode change and the fence hasn't
-    // fired yet just wait for the next invalidate
+    // fired yet just wait for the next commit.
     if (mSetActiveModePending) {
         if (framePending) {
-            mEventQueue->invalidate();
-            return;
+            mEventQueue->scheduleCommit();
+            return false;
         }
 
         // We received the present fence from the HWC, so we assume it successfully updated
@@ -1984,8 +1962,8 @@
 
     if (framePending) {
         if ((hwcFrameMissed && !gpuFrameMissed) || mPropagateBackpressureClientComposition) {
-            signalLayerUpdate();
-            return;
+            scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kNone);
+            return false;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1997,11 +1975,12 @@
     if (mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner) {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
         if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
-            display->onInvalidate();
+            display->animateRefreshRateOverlay();
         }
     }
 
-    bool refreshNeeded = mForceRefresh.exchange(false);
+    // Composite if transactions were committed, or if requested by HWC.
+    bool mustComposite = mMustComposite.exchange(false);
     {
         mTracePostComposition = mTracing.flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) ||
                 mTracing.flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_SYNC) ||
@@ -2009,10 +1988,12 @@
         const bool tracePreComposition = mTracingEnabled && !mTracePostComposition;
         ConditionalLockGuard<std::mutex> lock(mTracingLock, tracePreComposition);
 
-        mFrameTimeline->setSfWakeUp(vsyncId, frameStart, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(stats.vsyncPeriod));
+        mFrameTimeline->setSfWakeUp(vsyncId, frameTime, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(stats.vsyncPeriod));
 
-        refreshNeeded |= flushAndCommitTransactions();
-        refreshNeeded |= handleMessageInvalidate();
+        mustComposite |= flushAndCommitTransactions();
+        mustComposite |= latchBuffers();
+
+        updateLayerGeometry();
 
         if (tracePreComposition) {
             if (mVisibleRegionsDirty) {
@@ -2035,39 +2016,30 @@
     updateCursorAsync();
     updateInputFlinger();
 
-    if (refreshNeeded && CC_LIKELY(mBootStage != BootStage::BOOTLOADER)) {
-        // Signal a refresh if a transaction modified the window state,
-        // a new buffer was latched, or if HWC has requested a full
-        // repaint
-        if (mFrameStartTime <= 0) {
-            // We should only use the time of the first invalidate
-            // message that signals a refresh as the beginning of the
-            // frame. Otherwise the real frame time will be
-            // underestimated.
-            mFrameStartTime = frameStart;
-        }
-
-        // Run the refresh immediately after invalidate as there is no point going thru the message
-        // queue again, and to ensure that we actually refresh the screen instead of handling
-        // other messages that were queued us already in the MessageQueue.
-        mRefreshPending = true;
-        onMessageRefresh();
-    }
-    notifyRegionSamplingThread();
+    return mustComposite && CC_LIKELY(mBootStage != BootStage::BOOTLOADER);
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::flushAndCommitTransactions() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
+    bool needsTraversal = false;
     if (clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded)) {
-        flushTransactionQueues();
+        needsTraversal = flushTransactionQueues();
     }
 
-    const bool shouldCommit = (getTransactionFlags() & ~eTransactionFlushNeeded) || mForceTraversal;
+    const bool shouldCommit = (getTransactionFlags() & ~eTransactionFlushNeeded) || needsTraversal;
     if (shouldCommit) {
         commitTransactions();
     }
 
+    if (!needsTraversal) {
+        // Invoke empty transaction callbacks early.
+        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(false /* onCommitOnly */);
+    } else {
+        // Invoke OnCommit callbacks.
+        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(true /* onCommitOnly */);
+    }
+
     if (transactionFlushNeeded()) {
         setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
     }
@@ -2075,11 +2047,9 @@
     return shouldCommit;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageRefresh() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::composite(nsecs_t frameTime) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    mRefreshPending = false;
-
     compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs;
     const auto& displays = ON_MAIN_THREAD(mDisplays);
     refreshArgs.outputs.reserve(displays.size());
@@ -2123,18 +2093,16 @@
     const auto hwcMinWorkDuration = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs().hwcMinWorkDuration;
     refreshArgs.earliestPresentTime = prevVsyncTime - hwcMinWorkDuration;
     refreshArgs.previousPresentFence = mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime;
-    refreshArgs.nextInvalidateTime = mEventQueue->nextExpectedInvalidate();
+    refreshArgs.scheduledFrameTime = mEventQueue->getScheduledFrameTime();
 
     // Store the present time just before calling to the composition engine so we could notify
     // the scheduler.
     const auto presentTime = systemTime();
 
     mCompositionEngine->present(refreshArgs);
-    mTimeStats->recordFrameDuration(mFrameStartTime, systemTime());
-    // Reset the frame start time now that we've recorded this frame.
-    mFrameStartTime = 0;
+    mTimeStats->recordFrameDuration(frameTime, systemTime());
 
-    mScheduler->onDisplayRefreshed(presentTime);
+    mScheduler->onPostComposition(presentTime);
 
     postFrame();
     postComposition();
@@ -2177,17 +2145,12 @@
     mVisibleRegionsDirty = false;
 
     if (mCompositionEngine->needsAnotherUpdate()) {
-        signalLayerUpdate();
+        scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::handleMessageInvalidate() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateLayerGeometry() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-        // Send on commit callbacks
-    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
-
-    bool refreshNeeded = handlePageFlip();
-
 
     if (mVisibleRegionsDirty) {
         computeLayerBounds();
@@ -2199,7 +2162,6 @@
         invalidateLayerStack(layer, visibleReg);
     }
     mLayersPendingRefresh.clear();
-    return refreshNeeded;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updateCompositorTiming(const DisplayStatInfo& stats, nsecs_t compositeTime,
@@ -2373,7 +2335,7 @@
     mVisibleRegionsWereDirtyThisFrame = false;
 
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.addPresentFence(mPreviousPresentFences[0].fence);
-    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
+    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(false /* onCommitOnly */);
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.clearCompletedTransactions();
 
     if (display && display->isInternal() && display->getPowerMode() == hal::PowerMode::ON &&
@@ -2986,7 +2948,6 @@
         processDisplayChangesLocked();
         processDisplayHotplugEventsLocked();
     }
-    mForceTraversal = false;
     mForceTransactionDisplayChange = displayTransactionNeeded;
 
     if (mSomeChildrenChanged) {
@@ -3096,20 +3057,29 @@
 
 bool enablePerWindowInputRotation() {
     static bool value =
-            android::base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", false);
+            android::base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", true);
     return value;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::notifyWindowInfos() {
     std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos;
     std::vector<DisplayInfo> displayInfos;
-    std::unordered_map<const DisplayDevice*, const ui::Transform> displayTransforms;
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*layerStackId*/, const ui::Transform> displayTransforms;
 
     if (enablePerWindowInputRotation()) {
         for (const auto& [_, display] : ON_MAIN_THREAD(mDisplays)) {
+            if (!display->receivesInput()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const uint32_t layerStackId = display->getLayerStack().id;
             const auto& [info, transform] = display->getInputInfo();
+            const auto& [it, emplaced] = displayTransforms.try_emplace(layerStackId, transform);
+            if (!emplaced) {
+                ALOGE("Multiple displays claim to accept input for the same layer stack: %u",
+                      layerStackId);
+                continue;
+            }
             displayInfos.emplace_back(info);
-            displayTransforms.emplace(display.get(), transform);
         }
     }
 
@@ -3119,10 +3089,10 @@
         const DisplayDevice* display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDisplayWithInputByLayer(layer)).get();
         ui::Transform displayTransform = ui::Transform();
 
-        if (enablePerWindowInputRotation()) {
+        if (enablePerWindowInputRotation() && display != nullptr) {
             // When calculating the screen bounds we ignore the transparent region since it may
             // result in an unwanted offset.
-            const auto it = displayTransforms.find(display);
+            const auto it = displayTransforms.find(display->getLayerStack().id);
             if (it != displayTransforms.end()) {
                 displayTransform = it->second;
             }
@@ -3295,11 +3265,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::handlePageFlip() {
+bool SurfaceFlinger::latchBuffers() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    ALOGV("handlePageFlip");
 
-    nsecs_t latchTime = systemTime();
+    const nsecs_t latchTime = systemTime();
 
     bool visibleRegions = false;
     bool frameQueued = false;
@@ -3368,7 +3337,7 @@
     // queued frame that shouldn't be displayed during this vsync period, wake
     // up during the next vsync period to check again.
     if (frameQueued && (mLayersWithQueuedFrames.empty() || !newDataLatched)) {
-        signalLayerUpdate();
+        scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 
     // enter boot animation on first buffer latch
@@ -3412,7 +3381,6 @@
     states.add(composerState);
 
     lbc->updateTransformHint(mActiveDisplayTransformHint);
-
     if (outTransformHint) {
         *outTransformHint = mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
     }
@@ -3448,15 +3416,12 @@
                                              const sp<IBinder>& applyToken) {
     const uint32_t old = mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(mask);
     modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::setTransactionSchedule, schedule, applyToken);
-    if ((old & mask) == 0) scheduleInvalidate(FrameHint::kActive);
+    if ((old & mask) == 0) scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kActive);
     return old;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::setTraversalNeeded() {
-    mForceTraversal = true;
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues() {
+bool SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues() {
+    bool needsTraversal = false;
     // to prevent onHandleDestroyed from being called while the lock is held,
     // we must keep a copy of the transactions (specifically the composer
     // states) around outside the scope of the lock
@@ -3525,19 +3490,23 @@
 
         // Now apply all transactions.
         for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
-            applyTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
-                                  transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
-                                  transaction.inputWindowCommands, transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                  transaction.isAutoTimestamp, transaction.buffer,
-                                  transaction.postTime, transaction.permissions,
-                                  transaction.hasListenerCallbacks, transaction.listenerCallbacks,
-                                  transaction.originPid, transaction.originUid, transaction.id);
+            needsTraversal |=
+                    applyTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
+                                          transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
+                                          transaction.inputWindowCommands,
+                                          transaction.desiredPresentTime,
+                                          transaction.isAutoTimestamp, transaction.buffer,
+                                          transaction.postTime, transaction.permissions,
+                                          transaction.hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                          transaction.listenerCallbacks, transaction.originPid,
+                                          transaction.originUid, transaction.id);
             if (transaction.transactionCommittedSignal) {
                 mTransactionCommittedSignals.emplace_back(
                         std::move(transaction.transactionCommittedSignal));
             }
         }
-    }
+    } // unlock mStateLock
+    return needsTraversal;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::transactionFlushNeeded() {
@@ -3743,7 +3712,7 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
                                            const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
                                            const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                            const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
@@ -3765,12 +3734,10 @@
         mTransactionCallbackInvoker.addEmptyTransaction(listener);
     }
 
-    std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash> listenerCallbacksWithSurfaces;
     uint32_t clientStateFlags = 0;
     for (const ComposerState& state : states) {
-        clientStateFlags |=
-                setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, state, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     postTime, permissions, listenerCallbacksWithSurfaces);
+        clientStateFlags |= setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, state, desiredPresentTime,
+                                                 isAutoTimestamp, postTime, permissions);
         if ((flags & eAnimation) && state.state.surface) {
             if (const auto layer = fromHandle(state.state.surface).promote(); layer) {
                 mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(),
@@ -3780,10 +3747,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // If the state doesn't require a traversal and there are callbacks, send them now
-    if (!(clientStateFlags & eTraversalNeeded) && hasListenerCallbacks) {
-        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
-    }
     transactionFlags |= clientStateFlags;
 
     if (permissions & Permission::ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER) {
@@ -3805,6 +3768,7 @@
         transactionFlags = eTransactionNeeded;
     }
 
+    bool needsTraversal = false;
     if (transactionFlags) {
         if (mInterceptor->isEnabled()) {
             mInterceptor->saveTransaction(states, mCurrentState.displays, displays, flags,
@@ -3815,7 +3779,7 @@
         // so we don't have to wake up again next frame to preform an unnecessary traversal.
         if (transactionFlags & eTraversalNeeded) {
             transactionFlags = transactionFlags & (~eTraversalNeeded);
-            mForceTraversal = true;
+            needsTraversal = true;
         }
         if (transactionFlags) {
             setTransactionFlags(transactionFlags);
@@ -3825,6 +3789,8 @@
             mAnimTransactionPending = true;
         }
     }
+
+    return needsTraversal;
 }
 
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setDisplayStateLocked(const DisplayState& s) {
@@ -3893,10 +3859,10 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setClientStateLocked(
-        const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, const ComposerState& composerState,
-        int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
-        std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash>& outListenerCallbacks) {
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                                              const ComposerState& composerState,
+                                              int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                                              int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions) {
     const layer_state_t& s = composerState.state;
     const bool privileged = permissions & Permission::ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER;
 
@@ -3910,13 +3876,11 @@
         ListenerCallbacks onCommitCallbacks = listener.filter(CallbackId::Type::ON_COMMIT);
         if (!onCommitCallbacks.callbackIds.empty()) {
             filteredListeners.push_back(onCommitCallbacks);
-            outListenerCallbacks.insert(onCommitCallbacks);
         }
 
         ListenerCallbacks onCompleteCallbacks = listener.filter(CallbackId::Type::ON_COMPLETE);
         if (!onCompleteCallbacks.callbackIds.empty()) {
             filteredListeners.push_back(onCompleteCallbacks);
-            outListenerCallbacks.insert(onCompleteCallbacks);
         }
     }
 
@@ -3957,7 +3921,7 @@
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged) {
         // NOTE: index needs to be calculated before we update the state
-        auto p = layer->getParent();
+        const auto& p = layer->getParent();
         if (p == nullptr) {
             ssize_t idx = mCurrentState.layersSortedByZ.indexOf(layer);
             if (layer->setLayer(s.z) && idx >= 0) {
@@ -3975,7 +3939,7 @@
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
         // NOTE: index needs to be calculated before we update the state
-        auto p = layer->getParent();
+        const auto& p = layer->getParent();
         const auto& relativeHandle = s.relativeLayerSurfaceControl ?
                 s.relativeLayerSurfaceControl->getHandle() : nullptr;
         if (p == nullptr) {
@@ -4145,7 +4109,8 @@
             const auto strategy =
                     Layer::FrameRate::convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(s.changeFrameRateStrategy);
 
-            if (layer->setFrameRate(Layer::FrameRate(Fps(s.frameRate), compatibility, strategy))) {
+            if (layer->setFrameRate(
+                        Layer::FrameRate(Fps::fromValue(s.frameRate), compatibility, strategy))) {
                 flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
             }
         }
@@ -4243,7 +4208,7 @@
 
     sp<Layer> mirrorLayer;
     sp<Layer> mirrorFrom;
-    std::string uniqueName = getUniqueLayerName("MirrorRoot");
+    std::string layerName = "MirrorRoot";
 
     {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
@@ -4252,7 +4217,7 @@
             return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
 
-        status_t result = createContainerLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), -1, -1, 0,
+        status_t result = createContainerLayer(client, std::move(layerName), -1, -1, 0,
                                                LayerMetadata(), outHandle, &mirrorLayer);
         if (result != NO_ERROR) {
             return result;
@@ -4286,12 +4251,12 @@
 
     sp<Layer> layer;
 
-    std::string uniqueName = getUniqueLayerName(name.string());
+    std::string layerName{name.string()};
 
     switch (flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceMask) {
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue:
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState: {
-            result = createBufferStateLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), w, h, flags,
+            result = createBufferStateLayer(client, std::move(layerName), w, h, flags,
                                             std::move(metadata), handle, &layer);
             std::atomic<int32_t>* pendingBufferCounter = layer->getPendingBufferCounter();
             if (pendingBufferCounter) {
@@ -4308,7 +4273,7 @@
                 return BAD_VALUE;
             }
 
-            result = createEffectLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), w, h, flags,
+            result = createEffectLayer(client, std::move(layerName), w, h, flags,
                                        std::move(metadata), handle, &layer);
             break;
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceContainer:
@@ -4318,7 +4283,7 @@
                       int(w), int(h));
                 return BAD_VALUE;
             }
-            result = createContainerLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), w, h, flags,
+            result = createContainerLayer(client, std::move(layerName), w, h, flags,
                                           std::move(metadata), handle, &layer);
             break;
         default:
@@ -4336,38 +4301,12 @@
     if (result != NO_ERROR) {
         return result;
     }
-    mInterceptor->saveSurfaceCreation(layer);
 
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     *outLayerId = layer->sequence;
     return result;
 }
 
-std::string SurfaceFlinger::getUniqueLayerName(const char* name) {
-    unsigned dupeCounter = 0;
-
-    // Tack on our counter whether there is a hit or not, so everyone gets a tag
-    std::string uniqueName = base::StringPrintf("%s#%u", name, dupeCounter);
-
-    // Grab the state lock since we're accessing mCurrentState
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-
-    // Loop over layers until we're sure there is no matching name
-    bool matchFound = true;
-    while (matchFound) {
-        matchFound = false;
-        mCurrentState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) {
-            if (layer->getName() == uniqueName) {
-                matchFound = true;
-                uniqueName = base::StringPrintf("%s#%u", name, ++dupeCounter);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    ALOGV_IF(dupeCounter > 0, "duplicate layer name: changing %s to %s", name, uniqueName.c_str());
-    return uniqueName;
-}
-
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::createBufferQueueLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name,
                                                 uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags,
                                                 LayerMetadata metadata, PixelFormat& format,
@@ -4539,6 +4478,12 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    const auto activeDisplay = getDisplayDeviceLocked(mActiveDisplayToken);
+    if (activeDisplay != display && display->isInternal() && activeDisplay &&
+        activeDisplay->isPoweredOn()) {
+        ALOGW("Trying to change power mode on non active display while the active display is ON");
+    }
+
     display->setPowerMode(mode);
 
     if (mInterceptor->isEnabled()) {
@@ -4546,7 +4491,7 @@
     }
     const auto vsyncPeriod = display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
     if (currentMode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
-        const auto activeDisplay = getDisplayDeviceLocked(mActiveDisplayToken);
+        // Turn on the display
         if (display->isInternal() && (!activeDisplay || !activeDisplay->isPoweredOn())) {
             onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(display);
         }
@@ -4559,15 +4504,15 @@
             ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_FIFO on display on: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         }
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
-        if (display->isInternal() && mode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
-            getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
+        if (isDisplayActiveLocked(display) && mode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+            setHWCVsyncEnabled(displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
             mScheduler->onScreenAcquired(mAppConnectionHandle);
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, vsyncPeriod);
         }
 
         mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
         mHasPoweredOff = true;
-        scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kActive);
+        scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
         // Turn off the display
         if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedFifo(false) != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -4576,13 +4521,13 @@
         if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedAttr(false) != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGW("Couldn't set uclamp.min on display off: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         }
-        if (display->isInternal() && currentMode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (isDisplayActiveLocked(display) && currentMode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             mScheduler->disableHardwareVsync(true);
             mScheduler->onScreenReleased(mAppConnectionHandle);
         }
 
         // Make sure HWVsync is disabled before turning off the display
-        getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(displayId, hal::Vsync::DISABLE);
+        setHWCVsyncEnabled(displayId, hal::Vsync::DISABLE);
 
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
         mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
@@ -4590,13 +4535,13 @@
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE || mode == hal::PowerMode::ON) {
         // Update display while dozing
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
-        if (display->isInternal() && currentMode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (isDisplayActiveLocked(display) && currentMode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             mScheduler->onScreenAcquired(mAppConnectionHandle);
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, vsyncPeriod);
         }
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
         // Leave display going to doze
-        if (display->isInternal()) {
+        if (isDisplayActiveLocked(display)) {
             mScheduler->disableHardwareVsync(true);
             mScheduler->onScreenReleased(mAppConnectionHandle);
         }
@@ -4606,7 +4551,7 @@
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
     }
 
-    if (display->isInternal()) {
+    if (isDisplayActiveLocked(display)) {
         mTimeStats->setPowerMode(mode);
         mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(mode);
         mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(mode == hal::PowerMode::ON);
@@ -4785,6 +4730,8 @@
 
     mScheduler->dump(mAppConnectionHandle, result);
     mScheduler->dumpVsync(result);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "mHWCVsyncPendingState=%s mLastHWCVsyncState=%s\n",
+                  to_string(mHWCVsyncPendingState).c_str(), to_string(mLastHWCVsyncState).c_str());
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpPlannerInfo(const DumpArgs& args, std::string& result) const {
@@ -5373,8 +5320,8 @@
                 }
                 scheduleRepaint();
                 return NO_ERROR;
-            case 1004: // Force refresh ahead of next VSYNC.
-                scheduleRefresh(FrameHint::kActive);
+            case 1004: // Force composite ahead of next VSYNC.
+                scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             case 1005: { // Force commit ahead of next VSYNC.
                 Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
@@ -5382,8 +5329,8 @@
                                     eTraversalNeeded);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
-            case 1006: // Force refresh immediately.
-                signalRefresh();
+            case 1006: // Force composite immediately.
+                mEventQueue->scheduleComposite();
                 return NO_ERROR;
             case 1007: // Unused.
                 return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -5453,15 +5400,12 @@
                     mClientColorMatrix = mat4();
                 }
 
-                // TODO(b/193487656): Restore once HWASan bug is fixed.
-#if 0
                 // Check that supplied matrix's last row is {0,0,0,1} so we can avoid
                 // the division by w in the fragment shader
                 float4 lastRow(transpose(mClientColorMatrix)[3]);
                 if (any(greaterThan(abs(lastRow - float4{0, 0, 0, 1}), float4{1e-4f}))) {
                     ALOGE("The color transform's last row must be (0, 0, 0, 1)");
                 }
-#endif
 
                 updateColorMatrixLocked();
                 return NO_ERROR;
@@ -5777,7 +5721,7 @@
         const bool timerExpired = mKernelIdleTimerEnabled && expired;
 
         if (display->onKernelTimerChanged(desiredModeId, timerExpired)) {
-            mEventQueue->invalidate();
+            mEventQueue->scheduleCommit();
         }
     }));
 }
@@ -5972,9 +5916,10 @@
         traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, args.uid, visitor);
     };
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, reqSize,
-                               args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected, args.grayscale,
-                               captureListener);
+    auto captureResultFuture = captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers,
+                                                   reqSize, args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected,
+                                                   args.grayscale, captureListener);
+    return captureResultFuture.get().status;
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureDisplay(DisplayId displayId,
@@ -6009,9 +5954,15 @@
         traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, CaptureArgs::UNSET_UID, visitor);
     };
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, size,
-                               ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, false /* allowProtected */,
-                               false /* grayscale */, captureListener);
+    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("capture screen must provide a capture listener callback");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    auto captureResultFuture =
+            captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, size,
+                                ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, false /* allowProtected */,
+                                false /* grayscale */, captureListener);
+    return captureResultFuture.get().status;
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& args,
@@ -6126,7 +6077,7 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            auto p = layer;
+            sp<Layer> p = layer;
             while (p != nullptr) {
                 if (excludeLayers.count(p) != 0) {
                     return;
@@ -6138,23 +6089,28 @@
         });
     };
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, reqSize,
-                               args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected, args.grayscale,
-                               captureListener);
+    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("capture screen must provide a capture listener callback");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    auto captureResultFuture = captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers,
+                                                   reqSize, args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected,
+                                                   args.grayscale, captureListener);
+    return captureResultFuture.get().status;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture,
-                                             TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                             ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat,
-                                             bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
-                                             const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
+std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
+        RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
+        ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat, bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
+        const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight())) {
         ALOGE("Attempted to capture screen with size (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32
               ") that exceeds render target size limit.",
               bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight());
-        return BAD_VALUE;
+        return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({BAD_VALUE, base::unique_fd()}).share();
     }
 
     // Loop over all visible layers to see whether there's any protected layer. A protected layer is
@@ -6194,50 +6150,65 @@
                                false /* regionSampling */, grayscale, captureListener);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
+std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
         RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
         bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("capture screen must provide a capture listener callback");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
     bool canCaptureBlackoutContent = hasCaptureBlackoutContentPermission();
 
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=, renderAreaFuture = std::move(renderAreaFuture)]() mutable {
-        if (mRefreshPending) {
-            ALOGW("Skipping screenshot for now");
-            captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer, regionSampling,
-                                grayscale, captureListener);
-            return;
-        }
+    auto scheduleResultFuture = schedule([=,
+                                          renderAreaFuture = std::move(renderAreaFuture)]() mutable
+                                         -> std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
         std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> renderArea = renderAreaFuture.get();
         if (!renderArea) {
             ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
             captureResults.result = NO_MEMORY;
             captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-            return;
+            return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()})
+                    .share();
         }
 
-        status_t result = NO_ERROR;
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> renderEngineResultFuture;
+
         renderArea->render([&] {
-            result = renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer,
-                                            canCaptureBlackoutContent, regionSampling, grayscale,
-                                            captureResults);
+            renderEngineResultFuture =
+                    renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer,
+                                           canCaptureBlackoutContent, regionSampling, grayscale,
+                                           captureResults);
         });
+        // spring up a thread to unblock SF main thread and wait for
+        // RenderEngineResult to be available
+        if (captureListener != nullptr) {
+            std::async([=]() mutable {
+                ATRACE_NAME("captureListener is nonnull!");
+                auto& [status, drawFence] = renderEngineResultFuture.get();
+                captureResults.result = status;
+                captureResults.fence = new Fence(dup(drawFence));
+                captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
+            });
+        }
+        return renderEngineResultFuture;
+    });
 
-        captureResults.result = result;
-        captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-    }));
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    // flatten scheduleResultFuture object to single shared_future object
+    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
+        std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> captureScreenResultFuture =
+                ftl::chain(std::move(scheduleResultFuture))
+                        .then([=](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureObject)
+                                      -> renderengine::RenderEngineResult {
+                            auto& [status, drawFence] = futureObject.get();
+                            return {status, base::unique_fd(dup(drawFence))};
+                        });
+        return captureScreenResultFuture.share();
+    } else {
+        return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}).share();
+    }
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(
+std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(
         const RenderArea& renderArea, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
         bool canCaptureBlackoutContent, bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
@@ -6256,7 +6227,8 @@
     // the impetus on WindowManager to not persist them.
     if (captureResults.capturedSecureLayers && !canCaptureBlackoutContent) {
         ALOGW("FB is protected: PERMISSION_DENIED");
-        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+        return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({PERMISSION_DENIED, base::unique_fd()})
+                .share();
     }
 
     captureResults.buffer = buffer->getBuffer();
@@ -6338,11 +6310,12 @@
 
     });
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> clientCompositionLayerPointers(
-            clientCompositionLayers.size());
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> clientRenderEngineLayers;
+    clientRenderEngineLayers.reserve(clientCompositionLayers.size());
     std::transform(clientCompositionLayers.begin(), clientCompositionLayers.end(),
-                   clientCompositionLayerPointers.begin(),
-                   std::pointer_traits<renderengine::LayerSettings*>::pointer_to);
+                   std::back_inserter(clientRenderEngineLayers),
+                   [](compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings& settings)
+                           -> renderengine::LayerSettings { return settings; });
 
     // Use an empty fence for the buffer fence, since we just created the buffer so
     // there is no need for synchronization with the GPU.
@@ -6350,24 +6323,22 @@
     getRenderEngine().useProtectedContext(useProtected);
 
     const constexpr bool kUseFramebufferCache = false;
-    auto [status, drawFence] =
-            getRenderEngine()
-                    .drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, buffer,
-                                kUseFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence))
-                    .get();
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> drawLayersResult =
+            getRenderEngine().drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientRenderEngineLayers, buffer,
+                                         kUseFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence));
 
-    if (drawFence >= 0) {
-        sp<Fence> releaseFence = new Fence(dup(drawFence));
-        for (auto* layer : renderedLayers) {
-            layer->onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
-        }
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> drawLayersResultFuture =
+            drawLayersResult.share(); // drawLayersResult will be moved to shared one
+
+    for (auto* layer : renderedLayers) {
+        // make a copy of shared_future object for each layer
+        layer->onLayerDisplayed(drawLayersResultFuture);
     }
 
-    captureResults.fence = new Fence(drawFence.release());
     // Always switch back to unprotected context.
     getRenderEngine().useProtectedContext(false);
 
-    return status;
+    return drawLayersResultFuture;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::windowInfosReported() {
@@ -6495,8 +6466,10 @@
             using Policy = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy;
             const Policy policy{DisplayModeId(defaultMode),
                                 allowGroupSwitching,
-                                {Fps(primaryRefreshRateMin), Fps(primaryRefreshRateMax)},
-                                {Fps(appRequestRefreshRateMin), Fps(appRequestRefreshRateMax)}};
+                                {Fps::fromValue(primaryRefreshRateMin),
+                                 Fps::fromValue(primaryRefreshRateMax)},
+                                {Fps::fromValue(appRequestRefreshRateMin),
+                                 Fps::fromValue(appRequestRefreshRateMax)}};
             constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = false;
 
             return setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, policy, kOverridePolicy);
@@ -6560,6 +6533,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::onLayerUpdate() {
+    scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kActive);
+}
+
 // WARNING: ONLY CALL THIS FROM LAYER DTOR
 // Here we add children in the current state to offscreen layers and remove the
 // layer itself from the offscreen layer list.  Since
@@ -6624,7 +6601,7 @@
             const auto strategy =
                     Layer::FrameRate::convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(changeFrameRateStrategy);
             if (layer->setFrameRate(
-                        Layer::FrameRate(Fps{frameRate},
+                        Layer::FrameRate(Fps::fromValue(frameRate),
                                          Layer::FrameRate::convertCompatibility(compatibility),
                                          strategy))) {
                 setTransactionFlags(eTraversalNeeded);
@@ -6758,7 +6735,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getMaxAcquiredBufferCount(int* buffers) const {
-    Fps maxRefreshRate(60.f);
+    Fps maxRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     if (!getHwComposer().isHeadless()) {
         if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDevice()) {
@@ -6771,7 +6748,7 @@
 }
 
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(uid_t uid) const {
-    Fps refreshRate(60.f);
+    Fps refreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     if (const auto frameRateOverride = mScheduler->getFrameRateOverride(uid)) {
         refreshRate = *frameRateOverride;
@@ -6790,7 +6767,7 @@
     return calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(refreshRate, presentLatency);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::TransactionState::traverseStatesWithBuffers(
+void TransactionState::traverseStatesWithBuffers(
         std::function<void(const layer_state_t&)> visitor) {
     for (const auto& state : states) {
         if (state.state.hasBufferChanges() && state.state.hasValidBuffer() && state.state.surface) {
@@ -6800,7 +6777,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle, const wp<Layer>& layer,
-                                          const wp<IBinder>& parent, const wp<Layer> parentLayer,
+                                          const sp<IBinder>& parent, const wp<Layer> parentLayer,
                                           const wp<IBinder>& producer, bool addToRoot) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
     mCreatedLayers[handle->localBinder()] =
@@ -6844,9 +6821,9 @@
     sp<Layer> parent;
     bool allowAddRoot = state->addToRoot;
     if (state->initialParent != nullptr) {
-        parent = fromHandle(state->initialParent.promote()).promote();
+        parent = fromHandle(state->initialParent).promote();
         if (parent == nullptr) {
-            ALOGE("Invalid parent %p", state->initialParent.unsafe_get());
+            ALOGE("Invalid parent %p", state->initialParent.get());
             allowAddRoot = false;
         }
     } else if (state->initialParentLayer != nullptr) {
@@ -6881,19 +6858,16 @@
         }
     }
 
+    mInterceptor->saveSurfaceCreation(layer);
     return layer;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleRegionSamplingThread() {
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([&] { notifyRegionSamplingThread(); }));
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::notifyRegionSamplingThread() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::sample() {
     if (!mLumaSampling || !mRegionSamplingThread) {
         return;
     }
 
-    mRegionSamplingThread->onCompositionComplete(mEventQueue->nextExpectedInvalidate());
+    mRegionSamplingThread->onCompositionComplete(mEventQueue->getScheduledFrameTime());
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 1f0e42d..276c7f6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "Fps.h"
 #include "FrameTracker.h"
 #include "LayerVector.h"
+#include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
 #include "SurfaceTracing.h"
 #include "TracedOrdinal.h"
 #include "TransactionCallbackInvoker.h"
+#include "TransactionState.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@
                        public PriorityDumper,
                        private IBinder::DeathRecipient,
                        private HWC2::ComposerCallback,
+                       private ICompositor,
                        private ISchedulerCallback {
 public:
     struct SkipInitializationTag {};
@@ -270,11 +273,13 @@
     [[nodiscard]] std::future<T> schedule(F&&);
 
     // Schedule commit of transactions on the main thread ahead of the next VSYNC.
-    void scheduleInvalidate(FrameHint);
-    // As above, but also force refresh regardless if transactions were committed.
-    void scheduleRefresh(FrameHint) override;
+    void scheduleCommit(FrameHint);
+    // As above, but also force composite regardless if transactions were committed.
+    void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) override;
     // As above, but also force dirty geometry to repaint.
     void scheduleRepaint();
+    // Schedule sampling independently from commit or composite.
+    void scheduleSample();
 
     surfaceflinger::Factory& getFactory() { return mFactory; }
 
@@ -288,11 +293,6 @@
     // utility function to delete a texture on the main thread
     void deleteTextureAsync(uint32_t texture);
 
-    // called on the main thread by MessageQueue when an internal message
-    // is received
-    // TODO: this should be made accessible only to MessageQueue
-    void onMessageReceived(int32_t what, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime);
-
     renderengine::RenderEngine& getRenderEngine() const;
 
     bool authenticateSurfaceTextureLocked(
@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@
 
     void onLayerFirstRef(Layer*);
     void onLayerDestroyed(Layer*);
+    void onLayerUpdate();
 
     void removeHierarchyFromOffscreenLayers(Layer* layer);
     void removeFromOffscreenLayers(Layer* layer);
@@ -330,13 +331,6 @@
     // We're reference counted, never destroy SurfaceFlinger directly
     virtual ~SurfaceFlinger();
 
-    virtual uint32_t setClientStateLocked(
-            const FrameTimelineInfo& info, const ComposerState& composerState,
-            int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t postTime,
-            uint32_t permissions,
-            std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash>& listenerCallbacks)
-            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     virtual void processDisplayAdded(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken, const DisplayDeviceState&)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
@@ -461,96 +455,6 @@
         hal::Connection connection = hal::Connection::INVALID;
     };
 
-    class CountDownLatch {
-    public:
-        enum {
-            eSyncTransaction = 1 << 0,
-            eSyncInputWindows = 1 << 1,
-        };
-        explicit CountDownLatch(uint32_t flags) : mFlags(flags) {}
-
-        // True if there is no waiting condition after count down.
-        bool countDown(uint32_t flag) {
-            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-            if (mFlags == 0) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            mFlags &= ~flag;
-            if (mFlags == 0) {
-                mCountDownComplete.notify_all();
-                return true;
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Return true if triggered.
-        bool wait_until(const std::chrono::seconds& timeout) const {
-            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-            const auto untilTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now() + timeout;
-            while (mFlags != 0) {
-                // Conditional variables can be woken up sporadically, so we check count
-                // to verify the wakeup was triggered by |countDown|.
-                if (std::cv_status::timeout == mCountDownComplete.wait_until(lock, untilTime)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        uint32_t mFlags;
-        mutable std::condition_variable mCountDownComplete;
-        mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    };
-
-    struct TransactionState {
-        TransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                         const Vector<ComposerState>& composerStates,
-                         const Vector<DisplayState>& displayStates, uint32_t transactionFlags,
-                         const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
-                         const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-                         bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer,
-                         int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-                         std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks, int originPid,
-                         int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
-              : frameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo),
-                states(composerStates),
-                displays(displayStates),
-                flags(transactionFlags),
-                applyToken(applyToken),
-                inputWindowCommands(inputWindowCommands),
-                desiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime),
-                isAutoTimestamp(isAutoTimestamp),
-                buffer(uncacheBuffer),
-                postTime(postTime),
-                permissions(permissions),
-                hasListenerCallbacks(hasListenerCallbacks),
-                listenerCallbacks(listenerCallbacks),
-                originPid(originPid),
-                originUid(originUid),
-                id(transactionId) {}
-
-        void traverseStatesWithBuffers(std::function<void(const layer_state_t&)> visitor);
-
-        FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
-        Vector<ComposerState> states;
-        Vector<DisplayState> displays;
-        uint32_t flags;
-        sp<IBinder> applyToken;
-        InputWindowCommands inputWindowCommands;
-        const int64_t desiredPresentTime;
-        const bool isAutoTimestamp;
-        client_cache_t buffer;
-        const int64_t postTime;
-        uint32_t permissions;
-        bool hasListenerCallbacks;
-        std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks;
-        int originPid;
-        int originUid;
-        uint64_t id;
-        std::shared_ptr<CountDownLatch> transactionCommittedSignal;
-    };
-
     template <typename F, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_member_function_pointer_v<F>>* = nullptr>
     static Dumper dumper(F&& dump) {
         using namespace std::placeholders;
@@ -717,9 +621,6 @@
     // Implements IBinder::DeathRecipient.
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
 
-    // Implements RefBase.
-    void onFirstRef() override;
-
     // HWC2::ComposerCallback overrides:
     void onComposerHalVsync(hal::HWDisplayId, int64_t timestamp,
                             std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodNanos>) override;
@@ -729,6 +630,19 @@
                                                const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline&) override;
     void onComposerHalSeamlessPossible(hal::HWDisplayId) override;
 
+    // ICompositor overrides:
+
+    // Commits transactions for layers and displays. Returns whether any state has been invalidated,
+    // i.e. whether a frame should be composited for each display.
+    bool commit(nsecs_t frameTime, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) override;
+
+    // Composites a frame for each display. CompositionEngine performs GPU and/or HAL composition
+    // via RenderEngine and the Composer HAL, respectively.
+    void composite(nsecs_t frameTime) override;
+
+    // Samples the composited frame via RegionSamplingThread.
+    void sample() override;
+
     /*
      * ISchedulerCallback
      */
@@ -749,13 +663,6 @@
     // Show spinner with refresh rate overlay
     bool mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = false;
 
-    /*
-     * Message handling
-     */
-    // Can only be called from the main thread or with mStateLock held
-    void signalLayerUpdate();
-    void signalRefresh();
-
     // Called on the main thread in response to initializeDisplays()
     void onInitializeDisplays() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // Sets the desired active mode bit. It obtains the lock, and sets mDesiredActiveMode.
@@ -780,10 +687,6 @@
             const std::optional<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy>& policy, bool overridePolicy)
             EXCLUDES(mStateLock);
 
-    // Handle the INVALIDATE message queue event, latching new buffers and applying
-    // incoming transactions
-    void onMessageInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime);
-
     // Returns whether transactions were committed.
     bool flushAndCommitTransactions() EXCLUDES(mStateLock);
 
@@ -791,12 +694,10 @@
     void commitTransactionsLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void doCommitTransactions() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
-    // Handle the REFRESH message queue event, sending the current frame down to RenderEngine and
-    // the Composer HAL for presentation
-    void onMessageRefresh();
+    // Returns whether a new buffer has been latched.
+    bool latchBuffers();
 
-    // Returns whether a new buffer has been latched (see handlePageFlip())
-    bool handleMessageInvalidate();
+    void updateLayerGeometry();
 
     void updateInputFlinger();
     void notifyWindowInfos();
@@ -807,16 +708,11 @@
     void updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void setVsyncConfig(const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig&, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod);
 
-    /* handlePageFlip - latch a new buffer if available and compute the dirty
-     * region. Returns whether a new buffer has been latched, i.e., whether it
-     * is necessary to perform a refresh during this vsync.
-     */
-    bool handlePageFlip();
 
     /*
      * Transactions
      */
-    void applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
+    bool applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
                                const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                const int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
@@ -826,10 +722,14 @@
                                int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // flush pending transaction that was presented after desiredPresentTime.
-    void flushTransactionQueues();
+    bool flushTransactionQueues();
     // Returns true if there is at least one transaction that needs to be flushed
     bool transactionFlushNeeded();
 
+    uint32_t setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo&, const ComposerState&,
+                                  int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                                  int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+
     uint32_t getTransactionFlags() const;
 
     // Sets the masked bits, and returns the old flags.
@@ -886,8 +786,6 @@
     status_t mirrorLayer(const sp<Client>& client, const sp<IBinder>& mirrorFromHandle,
                          sp<IBinder>* outHandle, int32_t* outLayerId);
 
-    std::string getUniqueLayerName(const char* name);
-
     // called when all clients have released all their references to
     // this layer meaning it is entirely safe to destroy all
     // resources associated to this layer.
@@ -906,17 +804,17 @@
     // Boot animation, on/off animations and screen capture
     void startBootAnim();
 
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, ui::Size bufferSize,
-                                 ui::PixelFormat, bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
-                                 const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                 bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
-                                 const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    status_t renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea&, TraverseLayersFunction,
-                                    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                    bool canCaptureBlackoutContent, bool regionSampling,
-                                    bool grayscale, ScreenCaptureResults&);
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> captureScreenCommon(
+            RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat,
+            bool allowProtected, bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> captureScreenCommon(
+            RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction,
+            const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool regionSampling,
+            bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> renderScreenImplLocked(
+            const RenderArea&, TraverseLayersFunction,
+            const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool canCaptureBlackoutContent,
+            bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, ScreenCaptureResults&);
 
     // If the uid provided is not UNSET_UID, the traverse will skip any layers that don't have a
     // matching ownerUid
@@ -1049,6 +947,11 @@
      */
     nsecs_t getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
+    void setHWCVsyncEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId id, hal::Vsync enabled) {
+        mLastHWCVsyncState = enabled;
+        getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(id, enabled);
+    }
+
     // Sets the refresh rate by switching active configs, if they are available for
     // the desired refresh rate.
     void changeRefreshRateLocked(const RefreshRate&, Scheduler::ModeEvent) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
@@ -1208,7 +1111,6 @@
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CountDownLatch>> mTransactionCommittedSignals;
     bool mAnimTransactionPending = false;
     SortedVector<sp<Layer>> mLayersPendingRemoval;
-    bool mForceTraversal = false;
 
     // global color transform states
     Daltonizer mDaltonizer;
@@ -1229,7 +1131,7 @@
     bool mLayersRemoved = false;
     bool mLayersAdded = false;
 
-    std::atomic_bool mForceRefresh = false;
+    std::atomic_bool mMustComposite = false;
     std::atomic_bool mGeometryDirty = false;
 
     // constant members (no synchronization needed for access)
@@ -1329,10 +1231,6 @@
     mutable Mutex mDestroyedLayerLock;
     Vector<Layer const *> mDestroyedLayers;
 
-    nsecs_t mRefreshStartTime = 0;
-
-    std::atomic<bool> mRefreshPending = false;
-
     // We maintain a pool of pre-generated texture names to hand out to avoid
     // layer creation needing to run on the main thread (which it would
     // otherwise need to do to access RenderEngine).
@@ -1406,6 +1304,7 @@
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedPresentTime = 0;
     nsecs_t mScheduledPresentTime = 0;
     hal::Vsync mHWCVsyncPendingState = hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
+    hal::Vsync mLastHWCVsyncState = hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
 
     // below flags are set by main thread only
     bool mSetActiveModePending = false;
@@ -1425,9 +1324,6 @@
 
     Hwc2::impl::PowerAdvisor mPowerAdvisor;
 
-    // This should only be accessed on the main thread.
-    nsecs_t mFrameStartTime = 0;
-
     void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     // Flag used to set override desired display mode from backdoor
@@ -1449,7 +1345,7 @@
             GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
     mutable Mutex mCreatedLayersLock;
     struct LayerCreatedState {
-        LayerCreatedState(const wp<Layer>& layer, const wp<IBinder>& parent,
+        LayerCreatedState(const wp<Layer>& layer, const sp<IBinder>& parent,
                           const wp<Layer> parentLayer, const wp<IBinder>& producer, bool addToRoot)
               : layer(layer),
                 initialParent(parent),
@@ -1459,7 +1355,7 @@
         wp<Layer> layer;
         // Indicates the initial parent of the created layer, only used for creating layer in
         // SurfaceFlinger. If nullptr, it may add the created layer into the current root layers.
-        wp<IBinder> initialParent;
+        sp<IBinder> initialParent;
         wp<Layer> initialParentLayer;
         // Indicates the initial graphic buffer producer of the created layer, only used for
         // creating layer in SurfaceFlinger.
@@ -1474,16 +1370,13 @@
     // thread.
     std::unordered_map<BBinder*, std::unique_ptr<LayerCreatedState>> mCreatedLayers;
     void setLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle, const wp<Layer>& layer,
-                              const wp<IBinder>& parent, const wp<Layer> parentLayer,
+                              const sp<IBinder>& parent, const wp<Layer> parentLayer,
                               const wp<IBinder>& producer, bool addToRoot);
     auto getLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle);
     sp<Layer> handleLayerCreatedLocked(const sp<IBinder>& handle) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     std::atomic<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
 
-    void scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
-    void notifyRegionSamplingThread();
-
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
         return std::any_of(mDisplays.begin(), mDisplays.end(),
                            [](std::pair<wp<IBinder>, sp<DisplayDevice>> display) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
index 89d1c4d..9a2f910 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
     return std::make_unique<android::impl::HWComposer>(serviceName);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> DefaultFactory::createMessageQueue() {
-    return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>();
+std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> DefaultFactory::createMessageQueue(ICompositor& compositor) {
+    return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>(compositor);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> DefaultFactory::createVsyncConfiguration(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
index b8bf2ba..2be09ee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     virtual ~DefaultFactory();
 
     std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) override;
-    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() override;
+    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue(ICompositor&) override;
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) override;
     std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
index 13c95dd..bca533b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
 typedef int32_t PixelFormat;
 
 class BufferQueueLayer;
-class BufferStateLayer;
 class BufferLayerConsumer;
-class EffectLayer;
+class BufferStateLayer;
 class ContainerLayer;
 class DisplayDevice;
+class EffectLayer;
 class FrameTracer;
 class GraphicBuffer;
 class HWComposer;
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 class TimeStats;
 
 struct DisplayDeviceCreationArgs;
+struct ICompositor;
 struct ISchedulerCallback;
 struct LayerCreationArgs;
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@
 class Factory {
 public:
     virtual std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) = 0;
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() = 0;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue(ICompositor&) = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h
index 9e70684..bdeaeb8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h
@@ -129,13 +129,15 @@
         nsecs_t displayPresentJitter = 0;
         nsecs_t appDeadlineDelta = 0;
 
+        static bool isOptApproxEqual(std::optional<Fps> lhs, std::optional<Fps> rhs) {
+            return (!lhs && !rhs) || (lhs && rhs && isApproxEqual(*lhs, *rhs));
+        }
+
         bool operator==(const JankyFramesInfo& o) const {
-            return Fps::EqualsInBuckets{}(refreshRate, o.refreshRate) &&
-                    ((renderRate == std::nullopt && o.renderRate == std::nullopt) ||
-                     (renderRate != std::nullopt && o.renderRate != std::nullopt &&
-                      Fps::EqualsInBuckets{}(*renderRate, *o.renderRate))) &&
-                    uid == o.uid && layerName == o.layerName && gameMode == o.gameMode &&
-                    reasons == o.reasons && displayDeadlineDelta == o.displayDeadlineDelta &&
+            return isApproxEqual(refreshRate, o.refreshRate) &&
+                    isOptApproxEqual(renderRate, o.renderRate) && uid == o.uid &&
+                    layerName == o.layerName && gameMode == o.gameMode && reasons == o.reasons &&
+                    displayDeadlineDelta == o.displayDeadlineDelta &&
                     displayPresentJitter == o.displayPresentJitter &&
                     appDeadlineDelta == o.appDeadlineDelta;
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb1d43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+#include "LayerProtoHelper.h"
+#include "TransactionProtoParser.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger {
+
+proto::TransactionState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(
+        const TransactionState& t, std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getLayerId,
+        std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getDisplayId) {
+    proto::TransactionState proto;
+    proto.set_pid(t.originPid);
+    proto.set_uid(t.originUid);
+    proto.set_vsync_id(t.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId);
+    proto.set_input_event_id(t.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId);
+    proto.set_post_time(t.postTime);
+
+    for (auto& layerState : t.states) {
+        proto.mutable_layer_changes()->Add(std::move(toProto(layerState.state, getLayerId)));
+    }
+
+    for (auto& displayState : t.displays) {
+        proto.mutable_display_changes()->Add(std::move(toProto(displayState, getDisplayId)));
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+proto::LayerState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(
+        const layer_state_t& layer, std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getLayerId) {
+    proto::LayerState proto;
+    proto.set_layer_id(layer.layerId);
+    proto.set_what(layer.what);
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
+        proto.set_x(layer.x);
+        proto.set_y(layer.y);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged) {
+        proto.set_z(layer.z);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eSizeChanged) {
+        proto.set_w(layer.w);
+        proto.set_h(layer.h);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        proto.set_layer_stack(layer.layerStack.id);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
+        proto.set_flags(layer.flags);
+        proto.set_mask(layer.mask);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
+        proto::LayerState_Matrix22* matrixProto = proto.mutable_matrix();
+        matrixProto->set_dsdx(layer.matrix.dsdx);
+        matrixProto->set_dsdy(layer.matrix.dsdy);
+        matrixProto->set_dtdx(layer.matrix.dtdx);
+        matrixProto->set_dtdy(layer.matrix.dtdy);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged) {
+        proto.set_corner_radius(layer.cornerRadius);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged) {
+        proto.set_background_blur_radius(layer.backgroundBlurRadius);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged) {
+        proto.set_alpha(layer.alpha);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorChanged) {
+        proto::LayerState_Color3* colorProto = proto.mutable_color();
+        colorProto->set_r(layer.color.r);
+        colorProto->set_g(layer.color.g);
+        colorProto->set_b(layer.color.b);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.transparentRegion, proto.mutable_transparent_region());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransformChanged) {
+        proto.set_transform(layer.transform);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged) {
+        proto.set_transform_to_display_inverse(layer.transformToDisplayInverse);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.crop, proto.mutable_crop());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        proto::LayerState_BufferData* bufferProto = proto.mutable_buffer_data();
+        if (layer.bufferData.buffer) {
+            bufferProto->set_buffer_id(layer.bufferData.buffer->getId());
+            bufferProto->set_width(layer.bufferData.buffer->getWidth());
+            bufferProto->set_height(layer.bufferData.buffer->getHeight());
+        }
+        bufferProto->set_frame_number(layer.bufferData.frameNumber);
+        bufferProto->set_flags(layer.bufferData.flags.get());
+        bufferProto->set_cached_buffer_id(layer.bufferData.cachedBuffer.id);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
+        proto.set_has_sideband_stream(layer.sidebandStream != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eApiChanged) {
+        proto.set_api(layer.api);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.colorTransform, proto.mutable_color_transform());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged) {
+        for (auto& region : layer.blurRegions) {
+            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(region, proto.add_blur_regions());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eReparent) {
+        int32_t layerId = layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild
+                ? getLayerId(layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild->getHandle())
+                : -1;
+        proto.set_parent_id(layerId);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
+        int32_t layerId = layer.relativeLayerSurfaceControl
+                ? getLayerId(layer.relativeLayerSurfaceControl->getHandle())
+                : -1;
+        proto.set_relative_parent_id(layerId);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
+        if (layer.windowInfoHandle) {
+            const gui::WindowInfo* inputInfo = layer.windowInfoHandle->getInfo();
+            proto::LayerState_WindowInfo* windowInfoProto = proto.mutable_window_info_handle();
+            windowInfoProto->set_layout_params_flags(inputInfo->flags.get());
+            windowInfoProto->set_layout_params_type(static_cast<int32_t>(inputInfo->type));
+            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(inputInfo->touchableRegion,
+                                           windowInfoProto->mutable_touchable_region());
+            windowInfoProto->set_surface_inset(inputInfo->surfaceInset);
+            windowInfoProto->set_focusable(inputInfo->focusable);
+            windowInfoProto->set_has_wallpaper(inputInfo->hasWallpaper);
+            windowInfoProto->set_global_scale_factor(inputInfo->globalScaleFactor);
+            proto::LayerState_Transform* transformProto = windowInfoProto->mutable_transform();
+            transformProto->set_dsdx(inputInfo->transform.dsdx());
+            transformProto->set_dtdx(inputInfo->transform.dtdx());
+            transformProto->set_dtdy(inputInfo->transform.dtdy());
+            transformProto->set_dsdy(inputInfo->transform.dsdy());
+            transformProto->set_tx(inputInfo->transform.tx());
+            transformProto->set_ty(inputInfo->transform.ty());
+            windowInfoProto->set_replace_touchable_region_with_crop(
+                    inputInfo->replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop);
+            windowInfoProto->set_crop_layer_id(
+                    getLayerId(inputInfo->touchableRegionCropHandle.promote()));
+        }
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
+        proto.set_bg_color_alpha(layer.bgColorAlpha);
+        proto.set_bg_color_dataspace(static_cast<int32_t>(layer.bgColorDataspace));
+        proto::LayerState_Color3* colorProto = proto.mutable_color();
+        colorProto->set_r(layer.color.r);
+        colorProto->set_g(layer.color.g);
+        colorProto->set_b(layer.color.b);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged) {
+        proto.set_color_space_agnostic(layer.colorSpaceAgnostic);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged) {
+        proto.set_shadow_radius(layer.shadowRadius);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority) {
+        proto.set_frame_rate_selection_priority(layer.frameRateSelectionPriority);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged) {
+        proto.set_frame_rate(layer.frameRate);
+        proto.set_frame_rate_compatibility(layer.frameRateCompatibility);
+        proto.set_change_frame_rate_strategy(layer.changeFrameRateStrategy);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
+        proto.set_fixed_transform_hint(layer.fixedTransformHint);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged) {
+        proto.set_auto_refresh(layer.autoRefresh);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged) {
+        proto.set_is_trusted_overlay(layer.isTrustedOverlay);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.bufferCrop, proto.mutable_buffer_crop());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.destinationFrame, proto.mutable_destination_frame());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eDropInputModeChanged) {
+        proto.set_drop_input_mode(
+                static_cast<proto::LayerState_DropInputMode>(layer.dropInputMode));
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+proto::DisplayState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(
+        const DisplayState& display, std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getDisplayId) {
+    proto::DisplayState proto;
+    proto.set_what(display.what);
+    proto.set_id(getDisplayId(display.token));
+
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        proto.set_layer_stack(display.layerStack.id);
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged) {
+        proto.set_orientation(static_cast<uint32_t>(display.orientation));
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(display.orientedDisplaySpaceRect,
+                                       proto.mutable_oriented_display_space_rect());
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(display.layerStackSpaceRect,
+                                       proto.mutable_layer_stack_space_rect());
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplaySizeChanged) {
+        proto.set_width(display.width);
+        proto.set_height(display.height);
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eFlagsChanged) {
+        proto.set_flags(display.flags);
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+TransactionState TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(
+        const proto::TransactionState& proto, std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getLayerHandle,
+        std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getDisplayHandle) {
+    TransactionState t;
+    t.originPid = proto.pid();
+    t.originUid = proto.uid();
+    t.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId = proto.vsync_id();
+    t.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId = proto.input_event_id();
+    t.postTime = proto.post_time();
+    int32_t layerCount = proto.layer_changes_size();
+    t.states.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(layerCount));
+    for (int i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
+        ComposerState s;
+        s.state = std::move(fromProto(proto.layer_changes(i), getLayerHandle));
+        t.states.add(s);
+    }
+
+    int32_t displayCount = proto.display_changes_size();
+    t.displays.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(displayCount));
+    for (int i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
+        t.displays.add(fromProto(proto.display_changes(i), getDisplayHandle));
+    }
+    return t;
+}
+
+layer_state_t TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(
+        const proto::LayerState& proto, std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getLayerHandle) {
+    layer_state_t layer;
+    layer.layerId = proto.layer_id();
+    layer.what = proto.what();
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
+        layer.x = proto.x();
+        layer.y = proto.y();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged) {
+        layer.z = proto.z();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eSizeChanged) {
+        layer.w = proto.w();
+        layer.h = proto.h();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        layer.layerStack.id = proto.layer_stack();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
+        layer.flags = proto.flags();
+        layer.mask = proto.mask();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_Matrix22& matrixProto = proto.matrix();
+        layer.matrix.dsdx = matrixProto.dsdx();
+        layer.matrix.dsdy = matrixProto.dsdy();
+        layer.matrix.dtdx = matrixProto.dtdx();
+        layer.matrix.dtdy = matrixProto.dtdy();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged) {
+        layer.cornerRadius = proto.corner_radius();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged) {
+        layer.backgroundBlurRadius = proto.background_blur_radius();
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged) {
+        layer.alpha = proto.alpha();
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_Color3& colorProto = proto.color();
+        layer.color.r = colorProto.r();
+        layer.color.g = colorProto.g();
+        layer.color.b = colorProto.b();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.transparent_region(), layer.transparentRegion);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransformChanged) {
+        layer.transform = proto.transform();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged) {
+        layer.transformToDisplayInverse = proto.transform_to_display_inverse();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.crop(), layer.crop);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_BufferData& bufferProto = proto.buffer_data();
+        layer.bufferData.buffer = new GraphicBuffer(bufferProto.width(), bufferProto.height(),
+                                                    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        layer.bufferData.frameNumber = bufferProto.frame_number();
+        layer.bufferData.flags = Flags<BufferData::BufferDataChange>(bufferProto.flags());
+        layer.bufferData.cachedBuffer.id = bufferProto.cached_buffer_id();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
+        native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(0, 0);
+        layer.sidebandStream =
+                proto.has_sideband_stream() ? NativeHandle::create(handle, true) : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eApiChanged) {
+        layer.api = proto.api();
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.color_transform(), layer.colorTransform);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged) {
+        layer.blurRegions.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(proto.blur_regions_size()));
+        for (int i = 0; i < proto.blur_regions_size(); i++) {
+            android::BlurRegion region;
+            LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.blur_regions(i), region);
+            layer.blurRegions.push_back(region);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eReparent) {
+        int32_t layerId = proto.parent_id();
+        layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
+                new SurfaceControl(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), getLayerHandle(layerId),
+                                   nullptr, layerId);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
+        int32_t layerId = proto.relative_parent_id();
+        layer.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
+                new SurfaceControl(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), getLayerHandle(layerId),
+                                   nullptr, layerId);
+    }
+
+    if ((layer.what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) && proto.has_window_info_handle()) {
+        gui::WindowInfo inputInfo;
+        const proto::LayerState_WindowInfo& windowInfoProto = proto.window_info_handle();
+
+        inputInfo.flags = static_cast<gui::WindowInfo::Flag>(windowInfoProto.layout_params_flags());
+        inputInfo.type = static_cast<gui::WindowInfo::Type>(windowInfoProto.layout_params_type());
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(windowInfoProto.touchable_region(),
+                                        inputInfo.touchableRegion);
+        inputInfo.surfaceInset = windowInfoProto.surface_inset();
+        inputInfo.focusable = windowInfoProto.focusable();
+        inputInfo.hasWallpaper = windowInfoProto.has_wallpaper();
+        inputInfo.globalScaleFactor = windowInfoProto.global_scale_factor();
+        const proto::LayerState_Transform& transformProto = windowInfoProto.transform();
+        inputInfo.transform.set(transformProto.dsdx(), transformProto.dtdx(), transformProto.dtdy(),
+                                transformProto.dsdy());
+        inputInfo.transform.set(transformProto.tx(), transformProto.ty());
+        inputInfo.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop =
+                windowInfoProto.replace_touchable_region_with_crop();
+        int32_t layerId = windowInfoProto.crop_layer_id();
+        inputInfo.touchableRegionCropHandle = getLayerHandle(layerId);
+        layer.windowInfoHandle = sp<gui::WindowInfoHandle>::make(inputInfo);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
+        layer.bgColorAlpha = proto.bg_color_alpha();
+        layer.bgColorDataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(proto.bg_color_dataspace());
+        const proto::LayerState_Color3& colorProto = proto.color();
+        layer.color.r = colorProto.r();
+        layer.color.g = colorProto.g();
+        layer.color.b = colorProto.b();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged) {
+        layer.colorSpaceAgnostic = proto.color_space_agnostic();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged) {
+        layer.shadowRadius = proto.shadow_radius();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority) {
+        layer.frameRateSelectionPriority = proto.frame_rate_selection_priority();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged) {
+        layer.frameRate = proto.frame_rate();
+        layer.frameRateCompatibility = static_cast<int8_t>(proto.frame_rate_compatibility());
+        layer.changeFrameRateStrategy = static_cast<int8_t>(proto.change_frame_rate_strategy());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
+        layer.fixedTransformHint =
+                static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(proto.fixed_transform_hint());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged) {
+        layer.autoRefresh = proto.auto_refresh();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged) {
+        layer.isTrustedOverlay = proto.is_trusted_overlay();
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.buffer_crop(), layer.bufferCrop);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.destination_frame(), layer.destinationFrame);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eDropInputModeChanged) {
+        layer.dropInputMode = static_cast<gui::DropInputMode>(proto.drop_input_mode());
+    }
+    return layer;
+}
+
+DisplayState TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(
+        const proto::DisplayState& proto, std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getDisplayHandle) {
+    DisplayState display;
+    display.what = proto.what();
+    display.token = getDisplayHandle(proto.id());
+
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        display.layerStack.id = proto.layer_stack();
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged) {
+        display.orientation = static_cast<ui::Rotation>(proto.orientation());
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.oriented_display_space_rect(),
+                                        display.orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.layer_stack_space_rect(),
+                                        display.layerStackSpaceRect);
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplaySizeChanged) {
+        display.width = proto.width();
+        display.height = proto.height();
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eFlagsChanged) {
+        display.flags = proto.flags();
+    }
+    return display;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b8889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <layerproto/TransactionProto.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+#include "TransactionState.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger {
+class TransactionProtoParser {
+public:
+    static proto::TransactionState toProto(
+            const TransactionState&, std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getLayerIdFn,
+            std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getDisplayIdFn);
+    static TransactionState fromProto(const proto::TransactionState&,
+                                      std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getLayerHandleFn,
+                                      std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getDisplayHandleFn);
+
+private:
+    static proto::LayerState toProto(const layer_state_t&,
+                                     std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getLayerId);
+    static proto::DisplayState toProto(const DisplayState&,
+                                       std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getDisplayId);
+    static layer_state_t fromProto(const proto::LayerState&,
+                                   std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getLayerHandle);
+    static DisplayState fromProto(const proto::DisplayState&,
+                                  std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getDisplayHandle);
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
index c1eb896..f3d46ea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
     return addCallbackHandle(handle, std::vector<JankData>());
 }
 
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::findTransactionStats(
+status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::findOrCreateTransactionStats(
         const sp<IBinder>& listener, const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds,
         TransactionStats** outTransactionStats) {
     auto& transactionStatsDeque = mCompletedTransactions[listener];
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@
     // If we can't find the transaction stats something has gone wrong. The client should call
     // startRegistration before trying to add a callback handle.
     TransactionStats* transactionStats;
-    status_t err = findTransactionStats(handle->listener, handle->callbackIds, &transactionStats);
+    status_t err =
+            findOrCreateTransactionStats(handle->listener, handle->callbackIds, &transactionStats);
     if (err != NO_ERROR) {
         return err;
     }
@@ -154,6 +155,38 @@
     // destroyed the client side is dead and there won't be anyone to send the callback to.
     sp<IBinder> surfaceControl = handle->surfaceControl.promote();
     if (surfaceControl) {
+        sp<Fence> prevFence = nullptr;
+
+        for (const auto& futureStruct : handle->previousReleaseFences) {
+            sp<Fence> currentFence = sp<Fence>::make(dup(futureStruct.get().drawFence));
+            if (prevFence == nullptr && currentFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid) {
+                prevFence = currentFence;
+                handle->previousReleaseFence = prevFence;
+            } else if (prevFence != nullptr) {
+                // If both fences are signaled or both are unsignaled, we need to merge
+                // them to get an accurate timestamp.
+                if (prevFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid &&
+                    prevFence->getStatus() == currentFence->getStatus()) {
+                    char fenceName[32] = {};
+                    snprintf(fenceName, 32, "%.28s", handle->name.c_str());
+                    sp<Fence> mergedFence = Fence::merge(fenceName, prevFence, currentFence);
+                    if (mergedFence->isValid()) {
+                        handle->previousReleaseFence = mergedFence;
+                        prevFence = handle->previousReleaseFence;
+                    }
+                } else if (currentFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
+                    // If one fence has signaled and the other hasn't, the unsignaled
+                    // fence will approximately correspond with the correct timestamp.
+                    // There's a small race if both fences signal at about the same time
+                    // and their statuses are retrieved with unfortunate timing. However,
+                    // by this point, they will have both signaled and only the timestamp
+                    // will be slightly off; any dependencies after this point will
+                    // already have been met.
+                    handle->previousReleaseFence = currentFence;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        handle->previousReleaseFences = {};
         FrameEventHistoryStats eventStats(handle->frameNumber,
                                           handle->gpuCompositionDoneFence->getSnapshot().fence,
                                           handle->compositorTiming, handle->refreshStartTime,
@@ -172,7 +205,7 @@
     mPresentFence = presentFence;
 }
 
-void TransactionCallbackInvoker::sendCallbacks() {
+void TransactionCallbackInvoker::sendCallbacks(bool onCommitOnly) {
     // For each listener
     auto completedTransactionsItr = mCompletedTransactions.begin();
     while (completedTransactionsItr != mCompletedTransactions.end()) {
@@ -184,6 +217,10 @@
         auto transactionStatsItr = transactionStatsDeque.begin();
         while (transactionStatsItr != transactionStatsDeque.end()) {
             auto& transactionStats = *transactionStatsItr;
+            if (onCommitOnly && !containsOnCommitCallbacks(transactionStats.callbackIds)) {
+                transactionStatsItr++;
+                continue;
+            }
 
             // If the transaction has been latched
             if (transactionStats.latchTime >= 0 &&
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
index 7e879e1..e203d41 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <deque>
-#include <queue>
+#include <future>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -42,7 +44,9 @@
     wp<IBinder> surfaceControl;
 
     bool releasePreviousBuffer = false;
+    std::string name;
     sp<Fence> previousReleaseFence;
+    std::vector<std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>> previousReleaseFences;
     nsecs_t acquireTime = -1;
     nsecs_t latchTime = -1;
     uint32_t transformHint = 0;
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@
 
     void addPresentFence(const sp<Fence>& presentFence);
 
-    void sendCallbacks();
+    void sendCallbacks(bool onCommitOnly);
     void clearCompletedTransactions() {
         mCompletedTransactions.clear();
     }
@@ -82,11 +86,9 @@
 
 
 private:
-    status_t findTransactionStats(const sp<IBinder>& listener,
-                                  const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds,
-                                  TransactionStats** outTransactionStats);
-
-
+    status_t findOrCreateTransactionStats(const sp<IBinder>& listener,
+                                          const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds,
+                                          TransactionStats** outTransactionStats);
 
     std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, std::deque<TransactionStats>, IListenerHash>
         mCompletedTransactions;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe3f3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gui/LayerState.h>
+
+namespace android {
+class CountDownLatch;
+
+struct TransactionState {
+    TransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                     const Vector<ComposerState>& composerStates,
+                     const Vector<DisplayState>& displayStates, uint32_t transactionFlags,
+                     const sp<IBinder>& applyToken, const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
+                     int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                     const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
+                     bool hasListenerCallbacks, std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks,
+                     int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
+          : frameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo),
+            states(composerStates),
+            displays(displayStates),
+            flags(transactionFlags),
+            applyToken(applyToken),
+            inputWindowCommands(inputWindowCommands),
+            desiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime),
+            isAutoTimestamp(isAutoTimestamp),
+            buffer(uncacheBuffer),
+            postTime(postTime),
+            permissions(permissions),
+            hasListenerCallbacks(hasListenerCallbacks),
+            listenerCallbacks(listenerCallbacks),
+            originPid(originPid),
+            originUid(originUid),
+            id(transactionId) {}
+
+    TransactionState() {}
+
+    void traverseStatesWithBuffers(std::function<void(const layer_state_t&)> visitor);
+
+    FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
+    Vector<ComposerState> states;
+    Vector<DisplayState> displays;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    sp<IBinder> applyToken;
+    InputWindowCommands inputWindowCommands;
+    int64_t desiredPresentTime;
+    bool isAutoTimestamp;
+    client_cache_t buffer;
+    int64_t postTime;
+    uint32_t permissions;
+    bool hasListenerCallbacks;
+    std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks;
+    int originPid;
+    int originUid;
+    uint64_t id;
+    std::shared_ptr<CountDownLatch> transactionCommittedSignal;
+};
+
+class CountDownLatch {
+public:
+    enum {
+        eSyncTransaction = 1 << 0,
+        eSyncInputWindows = 1 << 1,
+    };
+    explicit CountDownLatch(uint32_t flags) : mFlags(flags) {}
+
+    // True if there is no waiting condition after count down.
+    bool countDown(uint32_t flag) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        if (mFlags == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        mFlags &= ~flag;
+        if (mFlags == 0) {
+            mCountDownComplete.notify_all();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Return true if triggered.
+    bool wait_until(const std::chrono::seconds& timeout) const {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        const auto untilTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now() + timeout;
+        while (mFlags != 0) {
+            // Conditional variables can be woken up sporadically, so we check count
+            // to verify the wakeup was triggered by |countDown|.
+            if (std::cv_status::timeout == mCountDownComplete.wait_until(lock, untilTime)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    uint32_t mFlags;
+    mutable std::condition_variable mCountDownComplete;
+    mutable std::mutex mMutex;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto
index 1c73a9f..a6d8d61 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
 option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
 package android.surfaceflinger;
 
+message RegionProto {
+    reserved 1; // Previously: uint64 id
+    repeated RectProto rect = 2;
+}
+
 message RectProto {
   int32 left   = 1;
   int32 top    = 2;
@@ -36,4 +41,51 @@
   float dsdy = 3;
   float dtdy = 4;
   int32 type = 5;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+message ColorProto {
+    float r = 1;
+    float g = 2;
+    float b = 3;
+    float a = 4;
+}
+
+message InputWindowInfoProto {
+    uint32 layout_params_flags = 1;
+    int32 layout_params_type = 2;
+    RectProto frame = 3;
+    RegionProto touchable_region = 4;
+
+    int32 surface_inset = 5;
+    bool visible = 6;
+    bool can_receive_keys = 7 [deprecated = true];
+    bool focusable = 8;
+    bool has_wallpaper = 9;
+
+    float global_scale_factor = 10;
+    float window_x_scale = 11 [deprecated = true];
+    float window_y_scale = 12 [deprecated = true];
+
+    int32 crop_layer_id = 13;
+    bool replace_touchable_region_with_crop = 14;
+    RectProto touchable_region_crop = 15;
+    TransformProto transform = 16;
+}
+
+message BlurRegion {
+    uint32 blur_radius = 1;
+    uint32 corner_radius_tl = 2;
+    uint32 corner_radius_tr = 3;
+    uint32 corner_radius_bl = 4;
+    float corner_radius_br = 5;
+    float alpha = 6;
+    int32 left = 7;
+    int32 top = 8;
+    int32 right = 9;
+    int32 bottom = 10;
+}
+
+message ColorTransformProto {
+    // This will be a 4x4 matrix of float values
+    repeated float val = 1;
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/include/layerproto/TransactionProto.h b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/include/layerproto/TransactionProto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e9ca52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/include/layerproto/TransactionProto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// disable the warnings emitted from the protobuf headers. This file should be included instead of
+// directly including the generated header file
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#include <transactions.pb.h>
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto
index 057eabb..4529905 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto
@@ -143,11 +143,6 @@
   float y = 2;
 }
 
-message RegionProto {
-  reserved 1;  // Previously: uint64 id
-  repeated RectProto rect = 2;
-}
-
 message FloatRectProto {
   float left = 1;
   float top = 2;
@@ -162,13 +157,6 @@
   int32 format = 4;
 }
 
-message ColorProto {
-  float r = 1;
-  float g = 2;
-  float b = 3;
-  float a = 4;
-}
-
 message BarrierLayerProto {
   // layer id the barrier is waiting on.
   int32 id = 1;
@@ -176,42 +164,3 @@
   uint64 frame_number = 2;
 }
 
-message InputWindowInfoProto {
-    uint32 layout_params_flags = 1;
-    uint32 layout_params_type = 2;
-    RectProto frame = 3;
-    RegionProto touchable_region = 4;
-
-    uint32 surface_inset = 5;
-    bool visible = 6;
-    bool can_receive_keys = 7  [deprecated=true];
-    bool focusable = 8;
-    bool has_wallpaper = 9;
-
-    float global_scale_factor = 10;
-    float window_x_scale = 11 [deprecated=true];
-    float window_y_scale = 12 [deprecated=true];
-
-    uint32 crop_layer_id = 13;
-    bool replace_touchable_region_with_crop = 14;
-    RectProto touchable_region_crop = 15;
-    TransformProto transform = 16;
-}
-
-message ColorTransformProto {
-  // This will be a 4x4 matrix of float values
-  repeated float val = 1;
-}
-
-message BlurRegion {
-    uint32 blur_radius = 1;
-    uint32 corner_radius_tl = 2;
-    uint32 corner_radius_tr = 3;
-    uint32 corner_radius_bl = 4;
-    float corner_radius_br = 5;
-    float alpha = 6;
-    int32 left = 7;
-    int32 top = 8;
-    int32 right = 9;
-    int32 bottom = 10;
-}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/transactions.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/transactions.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7fb180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/transactions.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "frameworks/native/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto";
+
+package android.surfaceflinger.proto;
+
+/* Represents a file full of surface flinger transactions.
+   Encoded, it should start with 0x54 0x4E 0x58 0x54 0x52 0x41 0x43 0x45 (.TNXTRACE), such
+   that they can be easily identified. */
+message TransactionTraceFile {
+    /* constant; MAGIC_NUMBER = (long) MAGIC_NUMBER_H << 32 | MagicNumber.MAGIC_NUMBER_L
+       (this is needed because enums have to be 32 bits and there's no nice way to put 64bit
+        constants into .proto files. */
+    enum MagicNumber {
+        INVALID = 0;
+        MAGIC_NUMBER_L = 0x54584E54; /* TNXT (little-endian ASCII) */
+        MAGIC_NUMBER_H = 0x45434152; /* RACE (little-endian ASCII) */
+    }
+
+    fixed64 magic_number = 1; /* Must be the first field, set to value in MagicNumber */
+    repeated TransactionTraceEntry entry = 2;
+}
+
+message TransactionTraceEntry {
+    int64 elapsed_time = 1;
+    int64 vsync_id = 2;
+    repeated TransactionState transactions = 3;
+}
+
+message TransactionState {
+    string tag = 2;
+    int32 pid = 3;
+    int32 uid = 4;
+    int64 vsync_id = 5;
+    int32 input_event_id = 6;
+    int64 post_time = 7;
+    repeated LayerState layer_changes = 9;
+    repeated DisplayState new_displays = 10;
+    repeated DisplayState display_changes = 11;
+}
+
+// Keep insync with layer_state_t
+message LayerState {
+    int32 layer_id = 1;
+    // Changes are split into ChangesLsb and ChangesMsb. First 32 bits are in ChangesLsb
+    // and the next 32 bits are in ChangesMsb. This is needed because enums have to be
+    // 32 bits and there's no nice way to put 64bit constants into .proto files.
+    enum ChangesLsb {
+        eChangesLsbNone = 0;
+        ePositionChanged = 0x00000001;
+        eLayerChanged = 0x00000002;
+        eSizeChanged = 0x00000004;
+        eAlphaChanged = 0x00000008;
+        eMatrixChanged = 0x00000010;
+        eTransparentRegionChanged = 0x00000020;
+        eFlagsChanged = 0x00000040;
+        eLayerStackChanged = 0x00000080;
+        eReleaseBufferListenerChanged = 0x00000400;
+        eShadowRadiusChanged = 0x00000800;
+        eLayerCreated = 0x00001000;
+        eBufferCropChanged = 0x00002000;
+        eRelativeLayerChanged = 0x00004000;
+        eReparent = 0x00008000;
+        eColorChanged = 0x00010000;
+        eDestroySurface = 0x00020000;
+        eTransformChanged = 0x00040000;
+        eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged = 0x00080000;
+        eCropChanged = 0x00100000;
+        eBufferChanged = 0x00200000;
+        eAcquireFenceChanged = 0x00400000;
+        eDataspaceChanged = 0x00800000;
+        eHdrMetadataChanged = 0x01000000;
+        eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged = 0x02000000;
+        eApiChanged = 0x04000000;
+        eSidebandStreamChanged = 0x08000000;
+        eColorTransformChanged = 0x10000000;
+        eHasListenerCallbacksChanged = 0x20000000;
+        eInputInfoChanged = 0x40000000;
+        eCornerRadiusChanged = -2147483648; // 0x80000000; (proto stores enums as signed int)
+    };
+    enum ChangesMsb {
+        eChangesMsbNone = 0;
+        eDestinationFrameChanged = 0x1;
+        eCachedBufferChanged = 0x2;
+        eBackgroundColorChanged = 0x4;
+        eMetadataChanged = 0x8;
+        eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged = 0x10;
+        eFrameRateSelectionPriority = 0x20;
+        eFrameRateChanged = 0x40;
+        eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged = 0x80;
+        eProducerDisconnect = 0x100;
+        eFixedTransformHintChanged = 0x200;
+        eFrameNumberChanged = 0x400;
+        eBlurRegionsChanged = 0x800;
+        eAutoRefreshChanged = 0x1000;
+        eStretchChanged = 0x2000;
+        eTrustedOverlayChanged = 0x4000;
+        eDropInputModeChanged = 0x8000;
+    };
+    uint64 what = 2;
+    float x = 3;
+    float y = 4;
+    int32 z = 5;
+    uint32 w = 6;
+    uint32 h = 7;
+    uint32 layer_stack = 8;
+
+    enum Flags {
+        eFlagsNone = 0;
+        eLayerHidden = 0x01;
+        eLayerOpaque = 0x02;
+        eLayerSkipScreenshot = 0x40;
+        eLayerSecure = 0x80;
+        eEnableBackpressure = 0x100;
+    };
+    uint32 flags = 10;
+    uint32 mask = 11;
+
+    message Matrix22 {
+        float dsdx = 1;
+        float dtdx = 2;
+        float dtdy = 3;
+        float dsdy = 4;
+    };
+    Matrix22 matrix = 12;
+    float corner_radius = 13;
+    uint32 background_blur_radius = 14;
+    int32 parent_id = 15;
+    int32 relative_parent_id = 16;
+
+    float alpha = 50;
+    message Color3 {
+        float r = 1;
+        float g = 2;
+        float b = 3;
+    }
+    Color3 color = 18;
+    RegionProto transparent_region = 19;
+    uint32 transform = 20;
+    bool transform_to_display_inverse = 21;
+    RectProto crop = 49;
+
+    message BufferData {
+        uint64 buffer_id = 1;
+        uint32 width = 2;
+        uint32 height = 3;
+        uint64 frame_number = 5;
+
+        enum BufferDataChange {
+            BufferDataChangeNone = 0;
+            fenceChanged = 0x01;
+            frameNumberChanged = 0x02;
+            cachedBufferChanged = 0x04;
+        }
+        uint32 flags = 6;
+        uint64 cached_buffer_id = 7;
+    }
+    BufferData buffer_data = 23;
+    int32 api = 24;
+    bool has_sideband_stream = 25;
+    ColorTransformProto color_transform = 26;
+    repeated BlurRegion blur_regions = 27;
+
+    message Transform {
+        float dsdx = 1;
+        float dtdx = 2;
+        float dtdy = 3;
+        float dsdy = 4;
+        float tx = 5;
+        float ty = 6;
+    }
+    message WindowInfo {
+        uint32 layout_params_flags = 1;
+        int32 layout_params_type = 2;
+        RegionProto touchable_region = 4;
+        int32 surface_inset = 5;
+        bool focusable = 8;
+        bool has_wallpaper = 9;
+        float global_scale_factor = 10;
+        int32 crop_layer_id = 13;
+        bool replace_touchable_region_with_crop = 14;
+        RectProto touchable_region_crop = 15;
+        Transform transform = 16;
+    }
+    WindowInfo window_info_handle = 28;
+    float bg_color_alpha = 31;
+    int32 bg_color_dataspace = 32;
+    bool color_space_agnostic = 33;
+    float shadow_radius = 34;
+    int32 frame_rate_selection_priority = 35;
+    float frame_rate = 36;
+    int32 frame_rate_compatibility = 37;
+    int32 change_frame_rate_strategy = 38;
+    uint32 fixed_transform_hint = 39;
+    uint64 frame_number = 40;
+    bool auto_refresh = 41;
+    bool is_trusted_overlay = 42;
+    RectProto buffer_crop = 44;
+    RectProto destination_frame = 45;
+
+    enum DropInputMode {
+        NONE = 0;
+        ALL = 1;
+        OBSCURED = 2;
+    };
+    DropInputMode drop_input_mode = 48;
+}
+
+message DisplayState {
+    enum Changes {
+        eChangesNone = 0;
+        eSurfaceChanged = 0x01;
+        eLayerStackChanged = 0x02;
+        eDisplayProjectionChanged = 0x04;
+        eDisplaySizeChanged = 0x08;
+        eFlagsChanged = 0x10;
+    };
+    int32 id = 1;
+    uint32 what = 2;
+    uint32 flags = 3;
+    uint32 layer_stack = 4;
+    uint32 orientation = 5;
+    RectProto layer_stack_space_rect = 6;
+    RectProto oriented_display_space_rect = 7;
+    uint32 width = 8;
+    uint32 height = 9;
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp
index 94e1e0c..ce94dab 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 
+#include <gui/test/CallbackUtils.h>
 #include "BufferGenerator.h"
-#include "utils/CallbackUtils.h"
 #include "utils/ColorUtils.h"
 #include "utils/TransactionUtils.h"
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
index e8759e5..91a5b52 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
 
+#include <gui/test/CallbackUtils.h>
 #include "LayerTransactionTest.h"
-#include "utils/CallbackUtils.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
@@ -1029,4 +1029,60 @@
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
 }
 
+// b202394221
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, EmptyBufferStateChanges) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bufferLayer, emptyBufferLayer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferLayer = createBufferStateLayer());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(emptyBufferLayer = createBufferStateLayer());
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        int err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback, bufferLayer);
+        if (err) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ui::Size bufferSize = getBufferSize();
+
+        TransactionUtils::setFrame(transaction, bufferLayer,
+                                   Rect(0, 0, bufferSize.width, bufferSize.height),
+                                   Rect(0, 0, 32, 32));
+        transaction.setPosition(emptyBufferLayer, 1 + i, 2 + i);
+        transaction.apply();
+
+        ExpectedResult expected;
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, bufferLayer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED,
+                            (i == 0) ? ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED
+                                     : ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::RELEASED);
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, emptyBufferLayer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::NOT_ACQUIRED,
+                            ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED);
+
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected));
+    }
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(callback.verifyFinalState());
+}
+
+// b202394221
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, DISABLED_NonBufferLayerStateChanges) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createColorLayer("ColorLayer", Color::RED));
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    int err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback);
+    if (err) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+        return;
+    }
+    transaction.setPosition(layer, 1, 2);
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    ExpectedResult expected;
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp
index e50c2fc..f6b0def 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <gui/test/CallbackUtils.h>
 #include "LayerTransactionTest.h"
-#include "utils/CallbackUtils.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(300ms);
 
         std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mCallbackDataQueue.size(), 0) << "extra callbacks received";
+        EXPECT_EQ(mCallbackDataQueue.size(), 0U) << "extra callbacks received";
         mCallbackDataQueue = {};
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
index ee16f40..2082c42 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <frameworks/native/cmds/surfacereplayer/proto/src/trace.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -56,10 +57,7 @@
 const String8 DISPLAY_NAME("SurfaceInterceptor Display Test");
 constexpr auto TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME = "BG Interceptor Test Surface";
 constexpr auto TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME = "FG Interceptor Test Surface";
-constexpr auto UNIQUE_TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME = "BG Interceptor Test Surface#0";
-constexpr auto UNIQUE_TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME = "FG Interceptor Test Surface#0";
 constexpr auto LAYER_NAME = "Layer Create and Delete Test";
-constexpr auto UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME = "Layer Create and Delete Test#0";
 
 constexpr auto DEFAULT_FILENAME = "/data/misc/wmtrace/transaction_trace.winscope";
 
@@ -105,11 +103,15 @@
     system("service call SurfaceFlinger 1020 i32 0 > /dev/null");
 }
 
+std::string getUniqueName(const std::string& name, const Increment& increment) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("%s#%d", name.c_str(), increment.surface_creation().id());
+}
+
 int32_t getSurfaceId(const Trace& capturedTrace, const std::string& surfaceName) {
     int32_t layerId = 0;
     for (const auto& increment : capturedTrace.increment()) {
         if (increment.increment_case() == increment.kSurfaceCreation) {
-            if (increment.surface_creation().name() == surfaceName) {
+            if (increment.surface_creation().name() == getUniqueName(surfaceName, increment)) {
                 layerId = increment.surface_creation().id();
             }
         }
@@ -293,8 +295,8 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::preProcessTrace(const Trace& trace) {
-    mBGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME);
-    mFGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME);
+    mBGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME);
+    mFGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME);
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestTransactionAction action,
@@ -752,9 +754,9 @@
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceCreationFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundSurface) {
-    bool isMatch(increment.surface_creation().name() == UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME &&
-            increment.surface_creation().w() == SIZE_UPDATE &&
-            increment.surface_creation().h() == SIZE_UPDATE);
+    bool isMatch(increment.surface_creation().name() == getUniqueName(LAYER_NAME, increment) &&
+                 increment.surface_creation().w() == SIZE_UPDATE &&
+                 increment.surface_creation().h() == SIZE_UPDATE);
     if (isMatch && !foundSurface) {
         foundSurface = true;
     } else if (isMatch && foundSurface) {
@@ -808,7 +810,7 @@
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceDeletion:
                     // Find the id of created surface.
-                    targetId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME);
+                    targetId = getSurfaceId(trace, LAYER_NAME);
                     foundIncrement = surfaceDeletionFound(increment, targetId, foundIncrement);
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kDisplayCreation:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
index 2551a19..168b576 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
     defaults: ["surfaceflinger_defaults"],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     srcs: [
-         "FakeComposerClient.cpp",
-         "FakeComposerService.cpp",
-         "FakeComposerUtils.cpp",
-         "SFFakeHwc_test.cpp"
+        "FakeComposerClient.cpp",
+        "FakeComposerService.cpp",
+        "FakeComposerUtils.cpp",
+        "SFFakeHwc_test.cpp",
     ],
     require_root: true,
     shared_libs: [
@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libfmq",
         "libgui",
@@ -43,15 +45,18 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-resources",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libgmock",
         "libperfetto_client_experimental",
         "librenderengine",
         "libtrace_proto",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-hal",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
         "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 078b0d4..f152ced 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
         "TimerTest.cpp",
         "TransactionApplicationTest.cpp",
         "TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp",
+        "TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp",
         "TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp",
         "TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp",
         "StrongTypingTest.cpp",
@@ -115,15 +116,19 @@
         "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.1",
         "android.hardware.power@1.2",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
-        "android.hardware.power-V1-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.power-V2-cpp",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine_mocks",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libframetimeline",
@@ -149,6 +154,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libEGL",
         "libfmq",
@@ -172,6 +178,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
         "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 5135ff9..40ef6e7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -202,8 +202,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE);
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::REFRESH);
+    mFlinger.commitAndComposite();
 
     LayerCase::cleanup(this);
 }
@@ -215,8 +214,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE);
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::REFRESH);
+    mFlinger.commitAndComposite();
 
     LayerCase::cleanup(this);
 }
@@ -247,10 +245,16 @@
                                                              "screenshot"),
                                            *mRenderEngine, true);
 
-    status_t result =
-            mFlinger.renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer,
-                                            forSystem, regionSampling);
-    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
+    auto result = mFlinger.renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer,
+                                                  forSystem, regionSampling);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.valid());
+
+    auto& [status, drawFence] = result.get();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
+    if (drawFence.ok()) {
+        sync_wait(drawFence.get(), -1);
+    }
 
     LayerCase::cleanup(this);
 }
@@ -346,9 +350,9 @@
     static void setupCommonScreensCaptureCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                    const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                                    const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                    const bool, base::unique_fd &&)
+                                    const bool, base::unique_fd&&)
                                         -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
@@ -397,9 +401,9 @@
                                 Return(0)));
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                    const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                                    const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                    const bool, base::unique_fd &&)
+                                    const bool, base::unique_fd&&)
                                         -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
@@ -537,7 +541,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, err);
         Mock::VerifyAndClear(test->mRenderEngine);
 
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
         enqueueBuffer(test, layer);
         Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(test->mMessageQueue);
 
@@ -633,9 +637,9 @@
     static void setupREBufferCompositionCommonCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
+                              const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layerSettings,
                               const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                              base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                              base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -652,16 +656,16 @@
                                          "verification lambda";
                         return resultFuture;
                     }
-                    const renderengine::LayerSettings* layer = layerSettings.back();
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.buffer, Not(IsNull()));
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.fence, Not(IsNull()));
-                    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_TEXTURE_ID, layer->source.buffer.textureName);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer->source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(true, layer->source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer->source.buffer.isOpaque);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer->sourceDataspace);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer->alpha);
+                    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer = layerSettings.back();
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.buffer, Not(IsNull()));
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.fence, Not(IsNull()));
+                    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_TEXTURE_ID, layer.source.buffer.textureName);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer.source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(true, layer.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer.source.buffer.isOpaque);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer.sourceDataspace);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer.alpha);
                     return resultFuture;
                 });
     }
@@ -685,9 +689,9 @@
     static void setupREColorCompositionCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
+                              const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layerSettings,
                               const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                              base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                              base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -704,14 +708,14 @@
                                    "setupREColorCompositionCallExpectations verification lambda";
                         return resultFuture;
                     }
-                    const renderengine::LayerSettings* layer = layerSettings.back();
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
+                    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer = layerSettings.back();
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
                     EXPECT_EQ(half3(LayerProperties::COLOR[0], LayerProperties::COLOR[1],
                                     LayerProperties::COLOR[2]),
-                              layer->source.solidColor);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer->sourceDataspace);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer->alpha);
+                              layer.source.solidColor);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer.sourceDataspace);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer.alpha);
                     return resultFuture;
                 });
     }
@@ -765,9 +769,9 @@
     static void setupInsecureREBufferCompositionCommonCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
+                              const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layerSettings,
                               const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                              base::unique_fd &&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                              base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -784,12 +788,12 @@
                                          "verification lambda";
                         return resultFuture;
                     }
-                    const renderengine::LayerSettings* layer = layerSettings.back();
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
-                    EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), layer->source.solidColor);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer->sourceDataspace);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, layer->alpha);
+                    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer = layerSettings.back();
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
+                    EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), layer.source.solidColor);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer.sourceDataspace);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, layer.alpha);
                     return resultFuture;
                 });
     }
@@ -883,7 +887,7 @@
         test->mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().layersSortedByZ.clear();
 
         // Layer should be unregistered with scheduler.
-        test->mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE);
+        test->mFlinger.commit();
         EXPECT_EQ(0, test->mFlinger.scheduler()->layerHistorySize());
     }
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsOps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsOps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23c2841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsOps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Fps.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+// Pull Fps operators into its namespace to enable ADL for EXPECT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, etc.
+
+inline bool operator==(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator==(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator<(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator!=(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator>(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator<=(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator>=(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp
index db732cf..b44dd89 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "Fps.h"
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -22,77 +23,48 @@
 namespace android {
 
 TEST(FpsTest, construct) {
-    Fps fpsDefault;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(fpsDefault.isValid());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps().isValid());
 
-    Fps fps1(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fps1.isValid());
-    Fps fps2 = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / 60.0f));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fps2.isValid());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fps1.equalsWithMargin(fps2));
+    EXPECT_FALSE((0_Hz).isValid());
+    EXPECT_TRUE((120_Hz).isValid());
+    EXPECT_TRUE((0.5_Hz).isValid());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(0).isValid());
+
+    const Fps fps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(16'666'667);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fps.isValid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(fps, 60_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST(FpsTest, compare) {
-    constexpr float kEpsilon = 1e-4f;
-    const Fps::EqualsInBuckets equalsInBuckets;
-    const Fps::EqualsWithMargin equalsWithMargin;
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, 60_Hz);
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, 59.9999_Hz);
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, 60.0001_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.f - kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.f + kEpsilon)));
+    EXPECT_LE(60_Hz, 60_Hz);
+    EXPECT_LE(60_Hz, 59.9999_Hz);
+    EXPECT_LE(60_Hz, 60.0001_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f - kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f + kEpsilon)));
+    EXPECT_GE(60_Hz, 60_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GE(60_Hz, 59.9999_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GE(60_Hz, 60.0001_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f - kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f + kEpsilon)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f + kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f - kEpsilon)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f + kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f - kEpsilon)));
-
-    // Fps with difference of 1 should be different
-    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(61.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanWithMargin(Fps(61.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanWithMargin(Fps(59.f)));
+    // Fps with difference of 1 should be different.
+    EXPECT_NE(60_Hz, 61_Hz);
+    EXPECT_LT(60_Hz, 61_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GT(60_Hz, 59_Hz);
 
     // These are common refresh rates which should be different.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanWithMargin(Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_NE(std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(60.0f)), std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(59.94f)));
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps(30.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(30.0f).greaterThanWithMargin(Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(30.0f), Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(30.0f), Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_NE(std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(30.0f)), std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(29.97f)));
+    EXPECT_NE(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GT(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz);
+    EXPECT_NE(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GT(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST(FpsTest, getIntValue) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(30, Fps(30.1f).getIntValue());
-    EXPECT_EQ(31, Fps(30.9f).getIntValue());
-    EXPECT_EQ(31, Fps(30.5f).getIntValue());
-}
-
-TEST(FpsTest, equalsInBucketsImpliesEqualHashes) {
-    constexpr float kStep = 1e-4f;
-    const Fps::EqualsInBuckets equals;
-    for (float fps = 30.0f; fps < 31.0f; fps += kStep) {
-        const Fps left(fps);
-        const Fps right(fps + kStep);
-        if (equals(left, right)) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(std::hash<Fps>()(left), std::hash<Fps>()(right))
-                    << "left= " << left << " right=" << right;
-        }
-    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(30, (30.1_Hz).getIntValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ(31, (30.9_Hz).getIntValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ(31, (30.5_Hz).getIntValue());
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp
index 97b60e0..9fbaece 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(FrameTimelineTest, presentFenceSignaled_reportsAppMiss) {
-    Fps refreshRate = Fps(11.0);
+    Fps refreshRate = 11_Hz;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mTimeStats,
                 incrementJankyFrames(TimeStats::JankyFramesInfo{refreshRate, std::nullopt, sUidOne,
                                                                 sLayerNameOne, sGameMode,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index bb21ad6..e8795fe 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerHistory.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
 #include "TestableScheduler.h"
@@ -50,10 +51,10 @@
     static constexpr auto REFRESH_RATE_AVERAGE_HISTORY_DURATION =
             LayerInfo::RefreshRateHistory::HISTORY_DURATION;
 
-    static constexpr Fps LO_FPS{30.f};
+    static constexpr Fps LO_FPS = 30_Hz;
     static constexpr auto LO_FPS_PERIOD = LO_FPS.getPeriodNsecs();
 
-    static constexpr Fps HI_FPS{90.f};
+    static constexpr Fps HI_FPS = 90_Hz;
     static constexpr auto HI_FPS_PERIOD = HI_FPS.getPeriodNsecs();
 
     LayerHistoryTest() { mFlinger.resetScheduler(mScheduler); }
@@ -111,8 +112,7 @@
 
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
         ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(desiredRefreshRate.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate))
-                << "Frame rate is " << frameRate;
+        ASSERT_EQ(desiredRefreshRate, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mConfigs = std::make_shared<
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
 
-    const nsecs_t time = systemTime();
+    nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
     // No layers returned if no layers are active.
     EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
         EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
+        time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
     // Max is returned since we have enough history but there is no timestamp votes.
@@ -169,6 +170,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
         EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
+        time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 }
 
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(
-                    Return(Layer::FrameRate(Fps(73.4f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::Default)));
+                    Return(Layer::FrameRate(73.4_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::Default)));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
@@ -319,7 +321,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -338,7 +340,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(
-                    Layer::FrameRate(Fps(73.4f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
+                    Layer::FrameRate(73.4_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
@@ -352,7 +354,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
               summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -362,7 +364,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
               summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summary[0].vote);
     ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -429,7 +431,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summary[1].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -458,9 +460,9 @@
     summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -470,9 +472,9 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -487,7 +489,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -508,7 +510,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -585,12 +587,12 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitVisiblelayer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitVisiblelayer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(
-                    Layer::FrameRate(Fps(60.0f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
+                    Layer::FrameRate(60_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitInvisiblelayer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitInvisiblelayer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(
-                    Layer::FrameRate(Fps(90.0f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
+                    Layer::FrameRate(90_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
@@ -603,7 +605,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
               summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -661,7 +663,7 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (float fps = 54.0f; fps < 65.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(fps), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+        recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps::fromValue(fps), 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
     }
 }
 
@@ -671,13 +673,13 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
 
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(30.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(30.0f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 30_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 30_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHistoryTest, heuristicLayerNotOscillating) {
@@ -687,11 +689,11 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(27.10f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(26.90f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(26.00f), Fps(24.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(26.90f), Fps(24.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(27.10f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 27.1_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.9_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26_Hz, 24_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.9_Hz, 24_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 27.1_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
 }
 
 class LayerHistoryTestParameterized : public LayerHistoryTest,
@@ -742,7 +744,7 @@
 
             bool max = false;
             bool min = false;
-            Fps heuristic{0.0};
+            Fps heuristic;
             for (const auto& layer : summarizeLayerHistory(time)) {
                 if (layer.vote == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
                     heuristic = layer.desiredRefreshRate;
@@ -754,7 +756,7 @@
             }
 
             if (infrequentLayerUpdates > FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE) {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(24.0f).equalsWithMargin(heuristic));
+                EXPECT_EQ(24_Hz, heuristic);
                 EXPECT_FALSE(max);
                 if (summarizeLayerHistory(time).size() == 2) {
                     EXPECT_TRUE(min);
@@ -772,4 +774,4 @@
 } // namespace android
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
\ No newline at end of file
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
index d6ce5e2..f25994e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "Fps.h"
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerHistory.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, prefersPresentTime) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumFrames = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumFrames; i++) {
@@ -58,14 +59,12 @@
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, fallbacksToQueueTimeIfNoPresentTime) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumFrames = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumFrames; i++) {
@@ -74,17 +73,15 @@
                                            .pendingModeChange = false});
     }
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
-    setLastRefreshRate(Fps(20.0f)); // Set to some valid value
+    setLastRefreshRate(20_Hz); // Set to some valid value.
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, returnsNulloptIfThereWasConfigChange) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimesWithoutConfigChange;
-    const auto period = Fps(50.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    const auto period = (50_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumFrames = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumFrames; i++) {
         frameTimesWithoutConfigChange.push_back(FrameTimeData{.presentTime = period * i,
@@ -124,9 +121,9 @@
 // Make sure that this doesn't influence the calculated average FPS.
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, ignoresSmallPeriods) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kExpectedPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
-    constexpr auto kSmallPeriod = Fps(250.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    constexpr auto kSmallPeriod = (250_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumIterations = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumIterations; i++) {
         frameTimes.push_back(FrameTimeData{.presentTime = kExpectedPeriod * i,
@@ -141,18 +138,16 @@
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 // There may be a big period of time between two frames. Make sure that
 // this doesn't influence the calculated average FPS.
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, ignoresLargePeriods) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kExpectedPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
-    constexpr auto kLargePeriod = Fps(9.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    constexpr auto kLargePeriod = (9_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
 
     auto record = [&](nsecs_t time) {
         frameTimes.push_back(
@@ -172,9 +167,7 @@
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
index dbd51fe..17d1dd6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
@@ -31,62 +31,51 @@
 
 using CallbackToken = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken;
 
+struct NoOpCompositor final : ICompositor {
+    bool commit(nsecs_t, int64_t, nsecs_t) override { return false; }
+    void composite(nsecs_t) override {}
+    void sample() override {}
+} gNoOpCompositor;
+
 class TestableMessageQueue : public impl::MessageQueue {
-public:
-    class MockHandler : public MessageQueue::Handler {
-    public:
-        explicit MockHandler(MessageQueue& queue) : MessageQueue::Handler(queue) {}
-        ~MockHandler() override = default;
-        MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchInvalidate, void(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp));
+    struct MockHandler : MessageQueue::Handler {
+        using MessageQueue::Handler::Handler;
+
+        MOCK_METHOD(void, dispatchCommit, (int64_t, nsecs_t), (override));
     };
 
-    TestableMessageQueue() = default;
-    ~TestableMessageQueue() override = default;
+    explicit TestableMessageQueue(sp<MockHandler> handler)
+          : impl::MessageQueue(gNoOpCompositor, handler), mHandler(std::move(handler)) {}
 
-    void initHandler(const sp<MockHandler>& handler) { mHandler = handler; }
+public:
+    TestableMessageQueue() : TestableMessageQueue(sp<MockHandler>::make(*this)) {}
 
-    void triggerVsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime) {
-        vsyncCallback(vsyncTime, targetWakeupTime, readyTime);
-    }
+    using impl::MessageQueue::vsyncCallback;
+
+    const sp<MockHandler> mHandler;
 };
 
-class MockVSyncDispatch : public scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
-public:
-    MockVSyncDispatch() = default;
-    ~MockVSyncDispatch() override = default;
-
+struct MockVSyncDispatch : scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
     MOCK_METHOD2(registerCallback,
-                 CallbackToken(std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)> const&, std::string));
+                 CallbackToken(const std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)>&, std::string));
     MOCK_METHOD1(unregisterCallback, void(CallbackToken));
     MOCK_METHOD2(schedule, scheduler::ScheduleResult(CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming));
     MOCK_METHOD1(cancel, scheduler::CancelResult(CallbackToken token));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
 };
 
-class MockTokenManager : public frametimeline::TokenManager {
-public:
-    MockTokenManager() = default;
-    ~MockTokenManager() override = default;
-
+struct MockTokenManager : frametimeline::TokenManager {
     MOCK_METHOD1(generateTokenForPredictions, int64_t(frametimeline::TimelineItem&& prediction));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getPredictionsForToken, std::optional<frametimeline::TimelineItem>(int64_t));
 };
 
-class MessageQueueTest : public testing::Test {
-public:
-    MessageQueueTest() = default;
-    ~MessageQueueTest() override = default;
-
+struct MessageQueueTest : testing::Test {
     void SetUp() override {
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.initHandler(mHandler));
-
         EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, "sf")).WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.initVsync(mVSyncDispatch, mTokenManager, mDuration));
         EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
     }
 
-    sp<TestableMessageQueue::MockHandler> mHandler =
-            new TestableMessageQueue::MockHandler(mEventQueue);
     MockVSyncDispatch mVSyncDispatch;
     MockTokenManager mTokenManager;
     TestableMessageQueue mEventQueue;
@@ -100,45 +89,49 @@
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidate) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commit) {
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleCommit());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateTwice) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commitTwice) {
     InSequence s;
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleCommit());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(4567));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(4567, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleCommit());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4567, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateTwiceWithCallback) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commitTwiceWithCallback) {
     InSequence s;
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleCommit());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 
     const auto startTime = 100;
     const auto endTime = startTime + mDuration.count();
@@ -148,10 +141,10 @@
                 generateTokenForPredictions(
                         frametimeline::TimelineItem(startTime, endTime, presentTime)))
             .WillOnce(Return(vsyncId));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mHandler, dispatchInvalidate(vsyncId, presentTime)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.triggerVsyncCallback(presentTime, startTime, endTime));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventQueue.mHandler, dispatchCommit(vsyncId, presentTime)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.vsyncCallback(presentTime, startTime, endTime));
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
 
     const auto timingAfterCallback =
             scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
@@ -159,10 +152,10 @@
                                                      .earliestVsync = presentTime};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timingAfterCallback)).WillOnce(Return(0));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleCommit());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateWithDurationChange) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commitWithDurationChange) {
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.setDuration(mDifferentDuration));
 
     const auto timing =
@@ -171,7 +164,7 @@
                                                      .earliestVsync = 0};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(0));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleCommit());
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index a8e3e5e..fc84d48 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -27,15 +27,13 @@
 
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 
-#include "../../Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-namespace android {
-
-namespace scheduler {
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
 namespace hal = android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal;
 
@@ -104,33 +102,32 @@
     static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC = DisplayModeId(10);
 
     // Test configs
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig60 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, 0, Fps(60.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig60 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, 0, (60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig60Frac =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC, 0, Fps(59.94f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig90 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, Fps(90.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC, 0, (59.94_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig90 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, (90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig90DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 1, Fps(90.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 1, (90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig90DifferentResolution =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, Fps(90.0f).getPeriodNsecs(), ui::Size(111, 222));
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig72 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 0, Fps(72.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, (90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs(), ui::Size(111, 222));
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig72 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 0, (72_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig72DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 1, Fps(72.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig120 =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 0, Fps(120.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 1, (72_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig120 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 0, (120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig120DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 1, Fps(120.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig30 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 0, Fps(30.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 1, (120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig30 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 0, (30_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig30DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 1, Fps(30.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 1, (30_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig30Frac =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30_FRAC, 0, Fps(29.97f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig25 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 0, Fps(25.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30_FRAC, 0, (29.97_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig25 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 0, (25_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig25DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 1, Fps(25.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig50 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50, 0, Fps(50.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig24 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, 0, Fps(24.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 1, (25_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig50 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50, 0, (50_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig24 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, 0, (24_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig24Frac =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC, 0, Fps(23.976f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC, 0, (23.976_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
 
     // Test device configurations
     // The positions of the configs in the arrays below MUST match their IDs. For example,
@@ -206,9 +203,7 @@
 }
 
 namespace {
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
+
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, oneDeviceConfig_SwitchingSupported) {
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60OnlyConfigDevice,
@@ -219,10 +214,8 @@
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60OnlyConfigDevice,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({DisplayModeId(10), {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
-    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(20), Fps(40)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({DisplayModeId(10), {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
+    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {20_Hz, 40_Hz}}), 0);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_storesFullRefreshRateMap) {
@@ -256,8 +249,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, minRate60);
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, performanceRate60);
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(60), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     const auto& minRate90 = getMinRefreshRateByPolicy(*refreshRateConfigs);
@@ -282,8 +274,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, minRate60);
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, performanceRate60);
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(60), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     const auto& minRate90 = getMinRefreshRateByPolicy(*refreshRateConfigs);
@@ -305,8 +296,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, minRate);
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected90Config, performanceRate);
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
 
     auto minRate60 = getMinRefreshRateByPolicy(*refreshRateConfigs);
     auto performanceRate60 = refreshRateConfigs->getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy();
@@ -329,8 +319,7 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(current.getModeId(), HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     {
         auto current = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate();
         EXPECT_EQ(current.getModeId(), HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
@@ -344,23 +333,19 @@
 
     // If there are no layers we select the default frame rate, which is the max of the primary
     // range.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
+    ASSERT_EQ(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}),
               NO_ERROR);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}));
 
     // We select max even when this will cause a non-seamless switch.
     refreshRateConfigs = std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90DeviceWithDifferentGroups,
                                                               /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
     ASSERT_EQ(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, /*allowGroupSwitching*/ true, {Fps(0), Fps(90)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, /*allowGroupSwitching*/ true, {0_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               NO_ERROR);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90DifferentGroupConfig,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90DifferentGroupConfig, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_90) {
@@ -368,142 +353,109 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.name = "";
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90.0f), Fps(90.0f)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(0.0f), Fps(120.0f)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {0_Hz, 120_Hz}}), 0);
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_multipleThreshold_60_90) {
@@ -512,44 +464,37 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_72_90) {
@@ -557,37 +502,30 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_72_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90_120) {
@@ -595,31 +533,27 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(48.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(48.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes) {
@@ -627,91 +561,81 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes_multipleThreshold) {
@@ -720,91 +644,81 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60) {
@@ -812,37 +726,30 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90) {
@@ -850,60 +757,47 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_PriorityTest) {
@@ -911,53 +805,45 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(15.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 15_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_24FpsVideo) {
@@ -965,15 +851,15 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(fps);
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate)
+                << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -983,15 +869,15 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(fps);
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate)
+                << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -1000,39 +886,35 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, testInPolicy) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(60.000004f), Fps(60.000004f)));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(59.0f), Fps(60.1f)));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(75.0f), Fps(90.0f)));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(60.0011f), Fps(90.0f)));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(50.0f), Fps(59.998f)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(60.000004_Hz, 60.000004_Hz));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(59_Hz, 60.1_Hz));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(75_Hz, 90_Hz));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(60.0011_Hz, 90_Hz));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(50_Hz, 59.998_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_75HzContent) {
@@ -1040,15 +922,15 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 75.0f; fps < 100.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(fps);
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRate)
+                << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -1057,53 +939,47 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr1.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr1.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, scrollWhileWatching60fps_60_90) {
@@ -1111,52 +987,46 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     // The other layer starts to provide buffers
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, touchConsidered) {
@@ -1165,55 +1035,50 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false}, &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = false}, &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 }
 
@@ -1222,47 +1087,44 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90_72_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     // Prepare a table with the vote and the expected refresh rate
-    const std::vector<std::pair<float, float>> testCases = {
-            {130, 120}, {120, 120}, {119, 120}, {110, 120},
+    const std::initializer_list<std::pair<Fps, Fps>> testCases = {
+            {130_Hz, 120_Hz}, {120_Hz, 120_Hz}, {119_Hz, 120_Hz}, {110_Hz, 120_Hz},
 
-            {100, 90},  {90, 90},   {89, 90},
+            {100_Hz, 90_Hz},  {90_Hz, 90_Hz},   {89_Hz, 90_Hz},
 
-            {80, 72},   {73, 72},   {72, 72},   {71, 72},   {70, 72},
+            {80_Hz, 72_Hz},   {73_Hz, 72_Hz},   {72_Hz, 72_Hz},   {71_Hz, 72_Hz},   {70_Hz, 72_Hz},
 
-            {65, 60},   {60, 60},   {59, 60},   {58, 60},
+            {65_Hz, 60_Hz},   {60_Hz, 60_Hz},   {59_Hz, 60_Hz},   {58_Hz, 60_Hz},
 
-            {55, 90},   {50, 90},   {45, 90},
+            {55_Hz, 90_Hz},   {50_Hz, 90_Hz},   {45_Hz, 90_Hz},
 
-            {42, 120},  {40, 120},  {39, 120},
+            {42_Hz, 120_Hz},  {40_Hz, 120_Hz},  {39_Hz, 120_Hz},
 
-            {37, 72},   {36, 72},   {35, 72},
+            {37_Hz, 72_Hz},   {36_Hz, 72_Hz},   {35_Hz, 72_Hz},
 
-            {30, 60},
+            {30_Hz, 60_Hz},
     };
 
-    for (const auto& test : testCases) {
+    for (auto [desired, expected] : testCases) {
         lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(test.first);
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = desired;
 
         std::stringstream ss;
-        ss << "ExplicitDefault " << test.first << " fps";
+        ss << "ExplicitDefault " << desired;
         lr.name = ss.str();
 
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_TRUE(refreshRate.getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(test.second)))
-                << "Expecting " << test.first << "fps => " << test.second << "Hz"
-                << " but it was " << refreshRate.getFps();
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(refreshRate.getFps(), expected);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest,
        getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactOrMultiple_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     // Test that 23.976 will choose 24 if 23.976 is not supported
@@ -1273,11 +1135,9 @@
                 std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
         lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(23.976f);
-        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 23.976 fps";
-        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24,
-                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                          .getModeId());
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 23.976_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 23.976 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
     }
 
     // Test that 24 will choose 23.976 if 24 is not supported
@@ -1286,11 +1146,10 @@
                                        mConfig30Frac, mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
         auto refreshRateConfigs =
                 std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.f);
-        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 24 fps";
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 24 Hz";
         EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC,
-                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                          .getModeId());
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
     }
 
     // Test that 29.97 will prefer 59.94 over 60 and 30
@@ -1299,16 +1158,15 @@
                                        mConfig30, mConfig60,     mConfig60Frac};
         auto refreshRateConfigs =
                 std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(29.97f);
-        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 29.97f fps";
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 29.97_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 29.97 Hz";
         EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC,
-                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                          .getModeId());
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExact_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     // Test that voting for supported refresh rate will select this refresh rate
@@ -1317,19 +1175,15 @@
                 std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m24_25_30_50_60WithFracDevice,
                                                      /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-        for (auto desiredRefreshRate : {23.976f, 24.f, 25.f, 29.97f, 30.f, 50.f, 59.94f, 60.f}) {
+        for (auto desired : {23.976_Hz, 24_Hz, 25_Hz, 29.97_Hz, 30_Hz, 50_Hz, 59.94_Hz, 60_Hz}) {
             lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
-            lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(desiredRefreshRate);
+            lr.desiredRefreshRate = desired;
             std::stringstream ss;
-            ss << "ExplicitExact " << desiredRefreshRate << " fps";
+            ss << "ExplicitExact " << desired;
             lr.name = ss.str();
 
-            auto selecteRefreshRate =
-                    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-
-            EXPECT_TRUE(selecteRefreshRate.getFps().equalsWithMargin(lr.desiredRefreshRate))
-                    << "Expecting " << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " but it was "
-                    << selecteRefreshRate.getFps();
+            auto selectedRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+            EXPECT_EQ(selectedRefreshRate.getFps(), lr.desiredRefreshRate);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1340,11 +1194,9 @@
         auto refreshRateConfigs =
                 std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
         lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(23.976f);
-        lr.name = "ExplicitExact 23.976 fps";
-        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24,
-                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                          .getModeId());
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 23.976_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExact 23.976 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
     }
 
     // Test that 24 will choose 23.976 if 24 is not supported
@@ -1353,11 +1205,10 @@
                                        mConfig30Frac, mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
         auto refreshRateConfigs =
                 std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.f);
-        lr.name = "ExplicitExact 24 fps";
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExact 24 Hz";
         EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC,
-                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                          .getModeId());
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
     }
 }
 
@@ -1368,15 +1219,15 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90.f), Fps(90.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
@@ -1392,18 +1243,17 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60.f), Fps(60.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.idle = true}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest,
@@ -1413,72 +1263,61 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90.f), Fps(90.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
     RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false},
-                                                     &consideredSignals));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}, &consideredSignals));
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Max";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Min";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingNotAllowed) {
@@ -1488,17 +1327,15 @@
 
     // The default policy doesn't allow group switching. Verify that no
     // group switches are performed.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayer) {
@@ -1510,16 +1347,14 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamless) {
@@ -1532,16 +1367,14 @@
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
     // Verify that we won't change the group if seamless switch is required.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamlessDefaultFps) {
@@ -1556,16 +1389,14 @@
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     // Verify that we won't do a seamless switch if we request the same mode as the default
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerDefaultSeamlessness) {
@@ -1582,17 +1413,15 @@
     // Verify that if the current config is in another group and there are no layers with
     // seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless we'll go back to the default group.
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersOnlySeamlessAndSeamed) {
@@ -1608,9 +1437,9 @@
 
     // If there's a layer with seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless, another layer with
     // seamlessness=OnlySeamless can't change the mode group.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layers[0].name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layers[0].focused = true;
@@ -1618,13 +1447,11 @@
     layers.push_back(LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f});
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layers[1].focused = false;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultFocusedAndSeamed) {
@@ -1644,23 +1471,21 @@
     // For example, this may happen when a video playback requests and gets a seamed switch,
     // but another layer (with default seamlessness) starts animating. The animating layer
     // should not cause a seamed switch.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].focused = true;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[0].name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
     layers.push_back(LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.1f});
     layers[1].seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layers[1].focused = true;
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultNotFocusedAndSeamed) {
@@ -1677,23 +1502,21 @@
     // Layer with seamlessness=Default can change the mode group if there's a not
     // focused layer with seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless. This happens for example,
     // when in split screen mode the user switches between the two visible applications.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].focused = true;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[0].name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
     layers.push_back(LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.7f});
     layers[1].seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layers[1].focused = false;
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, nonSeamlessVotePrefersSeamlessSwitches) {
@@ -1707,22 +1530,18 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120);
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, nonSeamlessExactAndSeamlessMultipleLayers) {
@@ -1736,31 +1555,27 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<
-            LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault",
-                                               .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault,
-                                               .desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f),
-                                               .seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless,
-                                               .weight = 0.5f,
-                                               .focused = false},
-                              LayerRequirement{.name = "25Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple",
-                                               .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
-                                               .desiredRefreshRate = Fps(25.0f),
-                                               .seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless,
-                                               .weight = 1.0f,
-                                               .focused = true}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault",
+                                             .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault,
+                                             .desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz,
+                                             .seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless,
+                                             .weight = 0.5f,
+                                             .focused = false},
+                                            {.name = "25Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple",
+                                             .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
+                                             .desiredRefreshRate = 25_Hz,
+                                             .seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless,
+                                             .weight = 1.f,
+                                             .focused = true}};
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 
     auto& seamedLayer = layers[0];
-    seamedLayer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault", seamedLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    seamedLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    seamedLayer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, minLayersDontTrigerSeamedSwitch) {
@@ -1774,14 +1589,10 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.name = "Min",
-                                                                 .vote = LayerVoteType::Min,
-                                                                 .weight = 1.f,
-                                                                 .focused = true}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {
+            {.name = "Min", .vote = LayerVoteType::Min, .weight = 1.f, .focused = true}};
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, primaryVsAppRequestPolicy) {
@@ -1789,59 +1600,58 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
 
+    struct Args {
+        bool touch = false;
+        bool focused = true;
+    };
+
     // Return the config ID from calling getBestRefreshRate() for a single layer with the
     // given voteType and fps.
-    auto getFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, Fps fps, bool touchActive = false,
-                            bool focused = true) -> DisplayModeId {
+    auto getFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, Fps fps, Args args = {}) -> DisplayModeId {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
-        layers[0].focused = focused;
-        return refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = false})
-                .getModeId();
+        layers[0].focused = args.focused;
+        return refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = args.touch}).getModeId();
     };
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(30.f), Fps(60.f)}, {Fps(30.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {30_Hz, 60_Hz}, {30_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}).getModeId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz));
 
-    // Layers not focused are not allowed to override primary config
+    // Unfocused layers are not allowed to override primary config.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/false,
-                           /*focused=*/false));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz, {.focused = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/false,
-                           /*focused=*/false));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz, {.focused = false}));
 
     // Touch boost should be restricted to the primary range.
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz, {.touch = true}));
     // When we're higher than the primary range max due to a layer frame rate setting, touch boost
     // shouldn't drag us back down to the primary range max.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/true));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz, {.touch = true}));
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/true));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz, {.touch = true}));
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60.f), Fps(60.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(60.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}),
               0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, idle) {
@@ -1849,12 +1659,12 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
 
     const auto getIdleFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, bool touchActive) -> DisplayModeId {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
-        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.f);
+        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
         RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
         const auto configId =
                 refreshRateConfigs
@@ -1867,7 +1677,7 @@
     };
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
     // Idle should be lower priority than touch boost.
@@ -1898,8 +1708,7 @@
 
     // Idle should be applied rather than the current config when there are no layers.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = true})
-                      .getModeId());
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.idle = true}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, findClosestKnownFrameRate) {
@@ -1908,23 +1717,23 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
     for (float fps = 1.0f; fps <= 120.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        const auto knownFrameRate = findClosestKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs, Fps(fps));
+        const auto knownFrameRate =
+                findClosestKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs, Fps::fromValue(fps));
         Fps expectedFrameRate;
         if (fps < 26.91f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(24.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 24_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 37.51f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(30.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 30_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 52.51f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(45.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 45_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 66.01f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(60.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 81.01f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(72.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 72_Hz;
         } else {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(90.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 90_Hz;
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(expectedFrameRate.equalsWithMargin(knownFrameRate))
-                << "findClosestKnownFrameRate(" << fps << ") = " << knownFrameRate;
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedFrameRate, knownFrameRate);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1933,38 +1742,32 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    struct ExpectedRate {
-        Fps rate;
-        const RefreshRate& expected;
+    struct Expectation {
+        Fps fps;
+        const RefreshRate& refreshRate;
     };
 
-    /* clang-format off */
-    std::vector<ExpectedRate> knownFrameRatesExpectations = {
-        {Fps(24.0f), mExpected60Config},
-        {Fps(30.0f), mExpected60Config},
-        {Fps(45.0f), mExpected90Config},
-        {Fps(60.0f), mExpected60Config},
-        {Fps(72.0f), mExpected90Config},
-        {Fps(90.0f), mExpected90Config},
+    const std::initializer_list<Expectation> knownFrameRatesExpectations = {
+            {24_Hz, mExpected60Config}, {30_Hz, mExpected60Config}, {45_Hz, mExpected90Config},
+            {60_Hz, mExpected60Config}, {72_Hz, mExpected90Config}, {90_Hz, mExpected90Config},
     };
-    /* clang-format on */
 
     // Make sure the test tests all the known frame rate
     const auto knownFrameRateList = getKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs);
-    const auto equal =
-            std::equal(knownFrameRateList.begin(), knownFrameRateList.end(),
-                       knownFrameRatesExpectations.begin(),
-                       [](Fps a, const ExpectedRate& b) { return a.equalsWithMargin(b.rate); });
+    const bool equal = std::equal(knownFrameRateList.begin(), knownFrameRateList.end(),
+                                  knownFrameRatesExpectations.begin(),
+                                  [](Fps fps, const Expectation& expected) {
+                                      return isApproxEqual(fps, expected.fps);
+                                  });
     EXPECT_TRUE(equal);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    for (const auto& expectedRate : knownFrameRatesExpectations) {
-        layer.desiredRefreshRate = expectedRate.rate;
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRate.expected, refreshRate);
+
+    for (const auto& [fps, refreshRate] : knownFrameRatesExpectations) {
+        layer.desiredRefreshRate = fps;
+        EXPECT_EQ(refreshRate, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1973,40 +1776,33 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30);
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(72);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactEnableFrameRateOverride) {
@@ -2015,40 +1811,33 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30);
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(72);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ReadsCached) {
@@ -2059,26 +1848,20 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
     setLastBestRefreshRateInvocation(*refreshRateConfigs,
-                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.layerRequirements = std::vector<
-                                                                          LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                                  .globalSignals = {.touch = true,
+                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.globalSignals = {.touch = true,
                                                                                     .idle = true},
                                                                   .outSignalsConsidered =
-                                                                          {.touch = true,
-                                                                           .idle = false},
+                                                                          {.touch = true},
                                                                   .resultingBestRefreshRate =
                                                                           createRefreshRate(
                                                                                   mConfig90)});
 
     EXPECT_EQ(createRefreshRate(mConfig90),
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(std::vector<LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                     {.touch = true, .idle = true}));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true}));
 
-    const GlobalSignals cachedSignalsConsidered{.touch = true, .idle = false};
+    const GlobalSignals cachedSignalsConsidered{.touch = true};
     setLastBestRefreshRateInvocation(*refreshRateConfigs,
-                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.layerRequirements = std::vector<
-                                                                          LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                                  .globalSignals = {.touch = true,
+                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.globalSignals = {.touch = true,
                                                                                     .idle = true},
                                                                   .outSignalsConsidered =
                                                                           cachedSignalsConsidered,
@@ -2088,8 +1871,7 @@
 
     GlobalSignals signalsConsidered;
     EXPECT_EQ(createRefreshRate(mConfig30),
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(std::vector<LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                     {.touch = true, .idle = true},
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true},
                                                      &signalsConsidered));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cachedSignalsConsidered, signalsConsidered);
@@ -2104,8 +1886,7 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(getLastBestRefreshRateInvocation(*refreshRateConfigs).has_value());
 
     GlobalSignals globalSignals{.touch = true, .idle = true};
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     const auto lastResult =
             refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, globalSignals,
                                                    /* outSignalsConsidered */ nullptr);
@@ -2129,30 +1910,25 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30);
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_FractionalRefreshRates_ExactAndDefault) {
@@ -2161,21 +1937,19 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m24_25_30_50_60WithFracDevice,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 0.5f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitDefaultLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitDefaultLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     explicitDefaultLayer.name = "ExplicitDefault";
-    explicitDefaultLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(59.94f);
+    explicitDefaultLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 59.94_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 // b/190578904
@@ -2186,29 +1960,26 @@
     DisplayModes displayModes;
     for (int fps = kMinRefreshRate; fps < kMaxRefreshRate; fps++) {
         constexpr int32_t kGroup = 0;
-        const auto refreshRate = Fps(static_cast<float>(fps));
+        const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(fps));
         displayModes.push_back(
                 createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(fps), kGroup, refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs()));
     }
 
-    const RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.touch = false, .idle = false};
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(displayModes,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/displayModes[0]->getId());
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     const auto testRefreshRate = [&](Fps fps, LayerVoteType vote) {
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
         layers[0].vote = vote;
         EXPECT_EQ(fps.getIntValue(),
-                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, globalSignals)
-                          .getFps()
-                          .getIntValue())
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getFps().getIntValue())
                 << "Failed for " << RefreshRateConfigs::layerVoteTypeString(vote);
     };
 
     for (int fps = kMinRefreshRate; fps < kMaxRefreshRate; fps++) {
-        const auto refreshRate = Fps(static_cast<float>(fps));
+        const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(fps));
         testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::Heuristic);
         testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault);
         testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple);
@@ -2232,18 +2003,15 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 90), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 60), current 60Hz => TurnOff
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(90, 90), current 90Hz => TurnOff.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 }
 
@@ -2255,23 +2023,19 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_120);
     // SetPolicy(0, 60), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(0), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {0_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 60), current 60Hz => TurnOff.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 120), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(120)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 120_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(120, 120), current 120Hz => TurnOff.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, {Fps(120), Fps(120)}}),
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, {120_Hz, 120_Hz}}),
               0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 }
@@ -2281,7 +2045,7 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_30);
 
-    const auto frameRate = Fps(30.f);
+    const auto frameRate = 30_Hz;
     Fps displayRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(1, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
@@ -2303,39 +2067,38 @@
 
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
     displayRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
-    EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(displayRefreshRate, Fps(22.5f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(displayRefreshRate, 22.5_Hz));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(24.f), Fps(25.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(24.f), Fps(23.976f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(30.f), Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(60.f), Fps(59.94f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(24_Hz, 25_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(24_Hz, 23.976_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, isFractionalPairOrMultiple) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(23.976f), Fps(24.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(24.f), Fps(23.976f)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(23.976_Hz, 24_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(24_Hz, 23.976_Hz));
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(29.97f), Fps(30.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(30.f), Fps(29.97f)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 30_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz));
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(59.94f), Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(60.f), Fps(59.94f)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(59.94_Hz, 60_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(29.97f), Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(60.f), Fps(29.97f)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 60_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(60_Hz, 29.97_Hz));
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(59.94f), Fps(30.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(30.f), Fps(59.94f)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(59.94_Hz, 30_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(30_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 
-    const std::vector<float> refreshRates = {23.976f, 24.f, 25.f, 29.97f, 30.f, 50.f, 59.94f, 60.f};
+    const auto refreshRates = {23.976_Hz, 24_Hz, 25_Hz, 29.97_Hz, 30_Hz, 50_Hz, 59.94_Hz, 60_Hz};
     for (auto refreshRate : refreshRates) {
-        EXPECT_FALSE(
-                RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(refreshRate), Fps(refreshRate)));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(refreshRate, refreshRate));
     }
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(24.f), Fps(25.f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(23.978f), Fps(25.f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps(29.97f), Fps(59.94f)));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(24_Hz, 25_Hz));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(23.978_Hz, 25_Hz));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getFrameRateOverrides_noLayers) {
@@ -2343,9 +2106,7 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{};
-    ASSERT_TRUE(refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false)
-                        .empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides({}, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getFrameRateOverrides_60on120) {
@@ -2354,42 +2115,36 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
     layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    auto frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    auto frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
@@ -2399,37 +2154,32 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{
-            LayerRequirement{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.0f},
-            LayerRequirement{.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.0f},
-    };
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f},
+                                            {.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.f}};
 
     layers[0].name = "Test layer 1234";
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
 
     layers[1].name = "Test layer 5678";
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    auto frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    auto frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
 
     ASSERT_EQ(2, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(5678));
-    ASSERT_EQ(30.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(5678).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(5678));
 
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[1].ownerUid = 1234;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
@@ -2439,54 +2189,44 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{
-            LayerRequirement{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.0f},
-    };
-
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
 
-    auto frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    auto frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/true);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {.touch = true});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/true);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {.touch = true});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/true);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {.touch = true});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace scheduler
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
index 0a8759d..df4a9c4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
-
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "SchedulerUnittests"
 
@@ -35,8 +31,7 @@
 using testing::_;
 using testing::AtLeast;
 
-namespace android {
-namespace scheduler {
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
 class RefreshRateStatsTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
@@ -88,54 +83,53 @@
 }
 
 namespace {
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
+
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, oneConfigTest) {
     init({createDisplayMode(CONFIG_ID_0, CONFIG_GROUP_0, VSYNC_90)});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(0, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
-    // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
-    // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
-    auto screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
+    auto times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("ScreenOff"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.size());
 
     // Screen is off by default.
+    std::chrono::milliseconds screenOff = times.get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0u, times.count("90.00fps"));
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
 
     const auto config0Fps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(CONFIG_ID_0).getFps();
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::ON);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90.00fps"));
-    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0ms, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::DOZE);
-    auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90.00fps"];
+    const auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("90.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+
     // Because the power mode is not PowerMode::ON, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, twoConfigsTest) {
@@ -146,78 +140,81 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(60, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
-    // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
-    // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
-    auto screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
+    auto times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("ScreenOff"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.size());
 
     // Screen is off by default.
+    std::chrono::milliseconds screenOff = times.get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(times.contains("60.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
 
     const auto config0Fps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(CONFIG_ID_0).getFps();
     const auto config1Fps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(CONFIG_ID_1).getFps();
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::ON);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90.00fps"));
-    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0ms, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 
     // When power mode is normal, time for configs updates.
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config1Fps);
-    auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90.00fps"];
+    auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("90.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("60.00fps"));
-    EXPECT_LT(0, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("60.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0ms, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
-    auto sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60.00fps"];
+    auto sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("60.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config1Fps);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90.00fps"];
+    ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("90.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_LT(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     // Because the power mode is not PowerMode::ON, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::DOZE);
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
-    sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60.00fps"];
+    sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("60.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config1Fps);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
-}
-} // namespace
-} // namespace scheduler
-} // namespace android
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index e2b3993..599b235 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@
     const DisplayModePtr mode60 = DisplayMode::Builder(0)
                                           .setId(DisplayModeId(0))
                                           .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
-                                          .setVsyncPeriod(Fps(60.f).getPeriodNsecs())
+                                          .setVsyncPeriod((60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
                                           .setGroup(0)
                                           .build();
     const DisplayModePtr mode120 = DisplayMode::Builder(1)
                                            .setId(DisplayModeId(1))
                                            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
-                                           .setVsyncPeriod(Fps(120.f).getPeriodNsecs())
+                                           .setVsyncPeriod((120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
                                            .setGroup(0)
                                            .build();
 
@@ -217,17 +217,17 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(60), 30ms));
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(90), 30ms));
-    EXPECT_EQ(3, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(120), 30ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(60_Hz, 30ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(90_Hz, 30ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(120_Hz, 30ms));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(60), 40ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(60_Hz, 40ms));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(60), 10ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(60_Hz, 10ms));
 }
 
 MATCHER(Is120Hz, "") {
-    return arg.getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(120.f));
+    return isApproxEqual(arg.getFps(), 120_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, chooseRefreshRateForContentSelectsMaxRefreshRate) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
index 84fa1e2..3b40965 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "Layer.h"
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
@@ -96,12 +97,11 @@
  */
 class SetFrameRateTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::shared_ptr<LayerFactory>> {
 protected:
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE1 = FrameRate(Fps(67.f), FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE2 =
-            FrameRate(Fps(14.f), FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE3 = FrameRate(Fps(99.f), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_TREE = FrameRate(Fps(0.f), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE = FrameRate(Fps(0.f), FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE1 = FrameRate(67_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE2 = FrameRate(14_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE3 = FrameRate(99_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_TREE = FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE = FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
 
     SetFrameRateTest();
 
@@ -172,11 +172,9 @@
 }
 
 namespace {
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
+
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGet) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetParent) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetParentAllVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -251,7 +249,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChild) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -276,7 +274,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChildAllVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -315,7 +313,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChildAddAfterVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -345,7 +343,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChildRemoveAfterVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -376,7 +374,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetParentNotInTree) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -470,12 +468,12 @@
                     .mutableLayerHistory()
                     ->summarize(*mFlinger.mutableScheduler().refreshRateConfigs(), 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(2u, layerHistorySummary.size());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate.equalsWithMargin(layerHistorySummary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate.equalsWithMargin(layerHistorySummary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate, layerHistorySummary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate, layerHistorySummary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, addChildForParentWithTreeVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp
index 2362a31..8c30341 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Cleanup conditions
 
-    // Destroying the display invalidates the display state.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // Creating the display commits a display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CreateDisplayTest, createDisplaySetsCurrentStateForSecureDisplay) {
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Cleanup conditions
 
-    // Destroying the display invalidates the display state.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // Creating the display commits a display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp
index e2be074..7087fb6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
     // The call should notify the interceptor that a display was created.
     EXPECT_CALL(*mSurfaceInterceptor, saveDisplayDeletion(_)).Times(1);
 
-    // Destroying the display invalidates the display state.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // Destroying the display commits a display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp
index bd89397..29ff0cd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Call Expectations
 
-    // We expect invalidate() to be invoked once to trigger display transaction
-    // processing.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
@@ -86,9 +85,8 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Call Expectations
 
-    // We expect invalidate() to be invoked once to trigger display transaction
-    // processing.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
index bafa910..e1b44cf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@
     // We expect a call to get the active display config.
     Case::Display::setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(this);
 
-    // We expect invalidate() to be invoked once to trigger display transaction
-    // processing.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
index 6502420..6edebd4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
@@ -260,6 +260,11 @@
         auto display = Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(test);
         display.inject();
         display.mutableDisplayDevice()->setPowerMode(mode);
+        if (display.mutableDisplayDevice()->isInternal()) {
+            test->mFlinger.mutableActiveDisplayToken() =
+                    display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getDisplayToken();
+        }
+
         return display;
     }
 
@@ -268,7 +273,7 @@
     }
 
     static void setupRepaintEverythingCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
     }
 
     static void setupSurfaceInterceptorCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index db3b572..c23fcc7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() override {
-        return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>();
+    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue(ICompositor& compositor) override {
+        return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>(compositor);
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
@@ -289,13 +289,23 @@
     }
 
     static void setLayerDrawingParent(const sp<Layer>& layer, const sp<Layer>& drawingParent) {
-        layer->mDrawingParent = drawingParent.get();
+        layer->mDrawingParent = drawingParent;
     }
 
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Forwarding for functions being tested
      */
 
+    nsecs_t commit() {
+        constexpr int64_t kVsyncId = 123;
+        const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
+        const nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime = now + 10'000'000;
+        mFlinger->commit(now, kVsyncId, expectedVsyncTime);
+        return now;
+    }
+
+    void commitAndComposite() { mFlinger->composite(commit()); }
+
     auto createDisplay(const String8& displayName, bool secure) {
         return mFlinger->createDisplay(displayName, secure);
     }
@@ -343,10 +353,6 @@
         return mFlinger->setPowerModeInternal(display, mode);
     }
 
-    auto onMessageReceived(int32_t what) {
-        return mFlinger->onMessageReceived(what, /*vsyncId=*/0, systemTime());
-    }
-
     auto renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                 SurfaceFlinger::TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
@@ -440,6 +446,7 @@
     auto& mutableHwcPhysicalDisplayIdMap() { return getHwComposer().mPhysicalDisplayIdMap; }
     auto& mutablePrimaryHwcDisplayId() { return getHwComposer().mPrimaryHwcDisplayId; }
     auto& mutableUseFrameRateApi() { return mFlinger->useFrameRateApi; }
+    auto& mutableActiveDisplayToken() { return mFlinger->mActiveDisplayToken; }
 
     auto fromHandle(const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
         return mFlinger->fromHandle(handle);
@@ -761,7 +768,7 @@
     };
 
 private:
-    void scheduleRefresh(FrameHint) override {}
+    void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) override {}
     void setVsyncEnabled(bool) override {}
     void changeRefreshRate(const Scheduler::RefreshRate&, Scheduler::ModeEvent) override {}
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool) override {}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
index 317cdf1..1487a96 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
@@ -64,16 +64,14 @@
 #define LAYER_ID_0            0
 #define LAYER_ID_1            1
 #define UID_0                 123
-#define REFRESH_RATE_0        61
-#define RENDER_RATE_0         31
 #define REFRESH_RATE_BUCKET_0 60
 #define RENDER_RATE_BUCKET_0  30
 #define LAYER_ID_INVALID      -1
 #define NUM_LAYERS            1
 #define NUM_LAYERS_INVALID    "INVALID"
 
-const constexpr Fps kRefreshRate0 = Fps(static_cast<float>(REFRESH_RATE_0));
-const constexpr Fps kRenderRate0 = Fps(static_cast<float>(RENDER_RATE_0));
+const constexpr Fps kRefreshRate0 = 61_Hz;
+const constexpr Fps kRenderRate0 = 31_Hz;
 static constexpr int32_t kGameMode = TimeStatsHelper::GameModeUnsupported;
 
 enum InputCommand : int32_t {
@@ -1498,14 +1496,14 @@
         EXPECT_THAT(result, HasSubstr(expectedResult)) << "failed for " << fps;
     };
 
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(91.f), 90);
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(89.f), 90);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(91_Hz, 90);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(89_Hz, 90);
 
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(61.f), 60);
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(59.f), 60);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(61_Hz, 60);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(59_Hz, 60);
 
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(31.f), 30);
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(29.f), 30);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(31_Hz, 30);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(29_Hz, 30);
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index 1a50427..05551b4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
         static_assert(0xffffffffffffffff == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1));
     };
 
-    void checkEqual(TransactionInfo info, SurfaceFlinger::TransactionState state) {
+    void checkEqual(TransactionInfo info, TransactionState state) {
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, info.states.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, state.states.size());
 
@@ -126,8 +126,7 @@
 
     void NotPlacedOnTransactionQueue(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
         TransactionInfo transaction;
         setupSingle(transaction, flags, syncInputWindows,
                     /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
@@ -157,8 +156,7 @@
 
     void PlaceOnTransactionQueue(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
         // first check will see desired present time has not passed,
         // but afterwards it will look like the desired present time has passed
@@ -187,12 +185,11 @@
 
     void BlockedByPriorTransaction(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
         nsecs_t time = systemTime();
         if (!syncInputWindows) {
-            EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(2);
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(2);
         } else {
-            EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
         }
         // transaction that should go on the pending thread
         TransactionInfo transactionA;
@@ -255,8 +252,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesFromQueue) {
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-    // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, scheduleCommit()).Times(1);
 
     TransactionInfo transactionA; // transaction to go on pending queue
     setupSingle(transactionA, /*flags*/ 0, /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cebd451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <limits> // std::numeric_limits
+
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+
+#include "Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h"
+
+using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
+
+namespace android {
+
+TEST(TransactionProtoParserTest, parse) {
+    const sp<IBinder> layerHandle = new BBinder();
+    const sp<IBinder> displayHandle = new BBinder();
+    TransactionState t1;
+    t1.originPid = 1;
+    t1.originUid = 2;
+    t1.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId = 3;
+    t1.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId = 4;
+    t1.postTime = 5;
+
+    layer_state_t layer;
+    layer.layerId = 6;
+    layer.what = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
+    layer.x = 7;
+    layer.matrix.dsdx = 15;
+
+    size_t layerCount = 2;
+    t1.states.reserve(layerCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
+        ComposerState s;
+        if (i == 1) {
+            layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
+                    new SurfaceControl(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), layerHandle, nullptr,
+                                       42);
+        }
+        s.state = layer;
+        t1.states.add(s);
+    }
+
+    size_t displayCount = 2;
+    t1.displays.reserve(displayCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
+        DisplayState display;
+        display.what = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+        if (i == 0) {
+            display.token = displayHandle;
+        } else {
+            display.token = nullptr;
+        }
+        display.width = 85;
+        t1.displays.add(display);
+    }
+
+    std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getLayerIdFn = [&](const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
+        return (handle == layerHandle) ? 42 : -1;
+    };
+    std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> getDisplayIdFn = [&](const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
+        return (handle == displayHandle) ? 43 : -1;
+    };
+    std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getLayerHandleFn = [&](int32_t id) {
+        return (id == 42) ? layerHandle : nullptr;
+    };
+    std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> getDisplayHandleFn = [&](int32_t id) {
+        return (id == 43) ? displayHandle : nullptr;
+    };
+
+    proto::TransactionState proto =
+            TransactionProtoParser::toProto(t1, getLayerIdFn, getDisplayIdFn);
+    TransactionState t2 =
+            TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(proto, getLayerHandleFn, getDisplayHandleFn);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.originPid, t2.originPid);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.originUid, t2.originUid);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId, t2.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId, t2.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.postTime, t2.postTime);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states.size(), t2.states.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states[0].state.x, t2.states[0].state.x);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states[0].state.matrix.dsdx, t2.states[0].state.matrix.dsdx);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states[1].state.parentSurfaceControlForChild->getHandle(),
+              t2.states[1].state.parentSurfaceControlForChild->getHandle());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.displays.size(), t2.displays.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.displays[1].width, t2.displays[1].width);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.displays[0].token, t2.displays[0].token);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
index 2b5b7b5..bf69704 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
         // Both the droppedSurfaceFrame and presentedSurfaceFrame should be in
         // pendingJankClassifications.
         EXPECT_EQ(2u, layer->mPendingJankClassifications.size());
-        presentedSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(11),
+        presentedSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, 90_Hz,
                                          /*displayDeadlineDelta*/ 0, /*displayPresentDelta*/ 0);
         layer->releasePendingBuffer(25);
 
@@ -462,10 +462,10 @@
         // BufferlessSurfaceFrames are immediately set to presented and added to the DisplayFrame.
         // Since we don't have access to DisplayFrame here, trigger an onPresent directly.
         for (auto& surfaceFrame : bufferlessSurfaceFrames) {
-            surfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(11),
+            surfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, 90_Hz,
                                     /*displayDeadlineDelta*/ 0, /*displayPresentDelta*/ 0);
         }
-        presentedBufferSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(11),
+        presentedBufferSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, 90_Hz,
                                                /*displayDeadlineDelta*/ 0,
                                                /*displayPresentDelta*/ 0);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp
index 41a4d30..21ee071 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 class WorkDurationTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     WorkDurationTest()
-          : mWorkDuration(Fps(60.0f), 10'500'000, 20'500'000, 16'000'000, 16'500'000, 13'500'000,
+          : mWorkDuration(60_Hz, 10'500'000, 20'500'000, 16'000'000, 16'500'000, 13'500'000,
                           21'000'000, 1234) {}
 
     ~WorkDurationTest() = default;
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@
  * Test cases
  */
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_60Hz) {
-    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(Fps(60.0f));
+    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(60_Hz);
     auto currentOffsets = mWorkDuration.getCurrentConfigs();
-    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 6'166'667);
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_90Hz) {
-    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(Fps(90.0f));
+    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(90_Hz);
     auto currentOffsets = mWorkDuration.getCurrentConfigs();
-    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
+    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 611'111);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_DefaultOffsets) {
-    TestableWorkDuration phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues(Fps(60.0f), -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0);
+    TestableWorkDuration phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues(60_Hz, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0);
 
     auto validateOffsets = [](const auto& offsets, std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
         EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@
         validateOffsets(offsets, std::chrono::nanoseconds(refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs()));
     };
 
-    testForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
-    testForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    testForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
+    testForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_unknownRefreshRate) {
-    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(14.7f));
+    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(14.7_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 57'527'208);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 37'027'208);
@@ -181,13 +181,12 @@
                          std::optional<nsecs_t> highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs,
                          std::optional<nsecs_t> highFpsEarlyGpuAppOffsetNs,
                          nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync, nsecs_t hwcMinWorkDuration)
-          : impl::PhaseOffsets(Fps(60.0f), vsyncPhaseOffsetNs, sfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs,
-                               earlySfOffsetNs, earlyGpuSfOffsetNs, earlyAppOffsetNs,
-                               earlyGpuAppOffsetNs, highFpsVsyncPhaseOffsetNs,
-                               highFpsSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs, highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs,
-                               highFpsEarlyGpuSfOffsetNs, highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs,
-                               highFpsEarlyGpuAppOffsetNs, thresholdForNextVsync,
-                               hwcMinWorkDuration) {}
+          : impl::PhaseOffsets(60_Hz, vsyncPhaseOffsetNs, sfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs, earlySfOffsetNs,
+                               earlyGpuSfOffsetNs, earlyAppOffsetNs, earlyGpuAppOffsetNs,
+                               highFpsVsyncPhaseOffsetNs, highFpsSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs,
+                               highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs, highFpsEarlyGpuSfOffsetNs,
+                               highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs, highFpsEarlyGpuAppOffsetNs,
+                               thresholdForNextVsync, hwcMinWorkDuration) {}
 };
 
 class PhaseOffsetsTest : public testing::Test {
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_unknownRefreshRate) {
-    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(14.7f));
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(14.7_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 6'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_60Hz) {
-    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 6'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_90Hz) {
-    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_DefaultValues_60Hz) {
     TestablePhaseOffsets phaseOffsets{1'000'000, 1'000'000, {}, {}, {}, {},         2'000'000,
                                       1'000'000, {},        {}, {}, {}, 10'000'000, 1234};
-    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 1'000'000);
@@ -293,7 +292,7 @@
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_DefaultValues_90Hz) {
     TestablePhaseOffsets phaseOffsets{1'000'000, 1'000'000, {}, {}, {}, {},         2'000'000,
                                       1'000'000, {},        {}, {}, {}, 10'000'000, 1234};
-    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
+    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
index 159bdf1..23b849a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
@@ -27,11 +27,21 @@
     PowerAdvisor();
     ~PowerAdvisor() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD0(init, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(onBootFinished, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setExpensiveRenderingExpected, void(DisplayId displayId, bool expected));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(isUsingExpensiveRendering, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, void());
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, init, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onBootFinished, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setExpensiveRenderingExpected, (DisplayId displayId, bool expected),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isUsingExpensiveRendering, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, usePowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t targetDurationNanos), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPowerHintSessionThreadIds, (const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, sendActualWorkDuration, (int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, enablePowerHint, (bool enabled), (override));
 };
 
 } // namespace android::Hwc2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
index 0e7b320..d684337 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
@@ -29,17 +29,18 @@
     MessageQueue();
     ~MessageQueue() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD1(init, void(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>&));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setInjector, void(sp<EventThreadConnection>));
     MOCK_METHOD0(waitMessage, void());
     MOCK_METHOD1(postMessage, void(sp<MessageHandler>&&));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(invalidate, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(refresh, void());
     MOCK_METHOD3(initVsync,
                  void(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                       std::chrono::nanoseconds));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setDuration, void(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(nextExpectedInvalidate, std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>());
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, scheduleCommit, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, scheduleComposite, (), (override));
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::optional<Clock::time_point>, getScheduledFrameTime, (), (const, override));
 };
 
 } // namespace android::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
index 291559f..e241dc9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 namespace android::mock {
 
 struct SchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, scheduleRefresh, (FrameHint), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, scheduleComposite, (FrameHint), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setVsyncEnabled, void(bool));
     MOCK_METHOD2(changeRefreshRate,
                  void(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate&,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 };
 
 struct NoOpSchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
-    void scheduleRefresh(FrameHint) override {}
+    void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) override {}
     void setVsyncEnabled(bool) override {}
     void changeRefreshRate(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate&,
                            scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent) override {}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS b/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d073e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/base:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vibrator/OWNERS
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
index a375808..63ecaec 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
@@ -402,12 +402,21 @@
         auto primitiveIdx = static_cast<size_t>(primitive);
         if (primitiveIdx >= durations.size()) {
             // Safety check, should not happen if enum_range is correct.
+            ALOGE("Supported primitive %zu is outside range [0,%zu), skipping load duration",
+                  primitiveIdx, durations.size());
             continue;
         }
         int32_t duration = 0;
-        auto status = getHal()->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration);
-        if (!status.isOk()) {
-            return HalResult<std::vector<milliseconds>>::failed(status.toString8().c_str());
+        auto result = getHal()->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration);
+        auto halResult = HalResult<int32_t>::fromStatus(result, duration);
+        if (halResult.isUnsupported()) {
+            // Should not happen, supported primitives should always support requesting duration.
+            ALOGE("Supported primitive %zu returned unsupported for getPrimitiveDuration",
+                  primitiveIdx);
+        }
+        if (halResult.isFailed()) {
+            // Fail entire request if one request has failed.
+            return HalResult<std::vector<milliseconds>>::failed(result.toString8().c_str());
         }
         durations[primitiveIdx] = milliseconds(duration);
     }
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp
index 6bf6581..0df0bfa 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 template <typename T>
 HalResult<T> ManagerHalController::processHalResult(HalResult<T> result, const char* functionName) {
     if (result.isFailed()) {
-        ALOGE("%s failed: %s", functionName, result.errorMessage());
+        ALOGE("VibratorManager HAL %s failed: %s", functionName, result.errorMessage());
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectedHalMutex);
         mConnectedHal->tryReconnect();
     }
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h
index 6c31e2b..6b73d17 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
             T result = halFn(hal.get());
-            if (result.checkAndLogFailure(functionName)) {
+            if (result.isFailedLogged(functionName)) {
                 tryReconnect();
             } else {
                 return result;
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
index 68d6647..d2cc9ad 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@
     bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && !mValue.has_value(); }
     bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
     const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
-    bool checkAndLogFailure(const char* functionName) const {
+    bool isFailedLogged(const char* functionNameForLogging) const {
         if (isFailed()) {
-            ALOGE("%s failed: %s", functionName, errorMessage());
+            ALOGE("Vibrator HAL %s failed: %s", functionNameForLogging, errorMessage());
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@
     bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && mFailed; }
     bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
     const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
-    bool checkAndLogFailure(const char* functionName) const {
+    bool isFailedLogged(const char* functionNameForLogging) const {
         if (isFailed()) {
-            ALOGE("%s failed: %s", functionName, errorMessage());
+            ALOGE("Vibrator HAL %s failed: %s", functionNameForLogging, errorMessage());
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -192,21 +192,21 @@
     const HalResult<float> qFactor;
     const HalResult<std::vector<float>> maxAmplitudes;
 
-    bool checkAndLogFailure(const char*) const {
-        return capabilities.checkAndLogFailure("getCapabilities") ||
-                supportedEffects.checkAndLogFailure("getSupportedEffects") ||
-                supportedBraking.checkAndLogFailure("getSupportedBraking") ||
-                supportedPrimitives.checkAndLogFailure("getSupportedPrimitives") ||
-                primitiveDurations.checkAndLogFailure("getPrimitiveDuration") ||
-                primitiveDelayMax.checkAndLogFailure("getPrimitiveDelayMax") ||
-                pwlePrimitiveDurationMax.checkAndLogFailure("getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax") ||
-                compositionSizeMax.checkAndLogFailure("getCompositionSizeMax") ||
-                pwleSizeMax.checkAndLogFailure("getPwleSizeMax") ||
-                minFrequency.checkAndLogFailure("getMinFrequency") ||
-                resonantFrequency.checkAndLogFailure("getResonantFrequency") ||
-                frequencyResolution.checkAndLogFailure("getFrequencyResolution") ||
-                qFactor.checkAndLogFailure("getQFactor") ||
-                maxAmplitudes.checkAndLogFailure("getMaxAmplitudes");
+    bool isFailedLogged(const char*) const {
+        return capabilities.isFailedLogged("getCapabilities") ||
+                supportedEffects.isFailedLogged("getSupportedEffects") ||
+                supportedBraking.isFailedLogged("getSupportedBraking") ||
+                supportedPrimitives.isFailedLogged("getSupportedPrimitives") ||
+                primitiveDurations.isFailedLogged("getPrimitiveDuration") ||
+                primitiveDelayMax.isFailedLogged("getPrimitiveDelayMax") ||
+                pwlePrimitiveDurationMax.isFailedLogged("getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax") ||
+                compositionSizeMax.isFailedLogged("getCompositionSizeMax") ||
+                pwleSizeMax.isFailedLogged("getPwleSizeMax") ||
+                minFrequency.isFailedLogged("getMinFrequency") ||
+                resonantFrequency.isFailedLogged("getResonantFrequency") ||
+                frequencyResolution.isFailedLogged("getFrequencyResolution") ||
+                qFactor.isFailedLogged("getQFactor") ||
+                maxAmplitudes.isFailedLogged("getMaxAmplitudes");
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/virtual_touchpad.rc b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/virtual_touchpad.rc
index 0de0f9e..1612743 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/virtual_touchpad.rc
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/virtual_touchpad.rc
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
   class core
   user system
   group system input uhid
-  writepid /dev/cpuset/system/tasks
+  task_profiles VrServiceCapacityNormal
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index 3ed3eba..e89a49b 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -736,7 +736,8 @@
     // We must support R8G8B8A8
     std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> all_formats = {
         {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR},
-        {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR}};
+        {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR},
+        {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT709_LINEAR_EXT}};
 
     if (wide_color_support) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{