Merge "installd: Add destroyAppDataSnapshot and corresponding binder API"
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 41c42d7..49d8fe9 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -2481,6 +2481,13 @@
             // bugreport is not shared but made available for manual retrieval.
             return status;
         }
+        if (options_->screenshot_fd.get() != -1) {
+            bool copy_succeeded = android::os::CopyFileToFd(screenshot_path_,
+                                                            options_->screenshot_fd.get());
+            if (copy_succeeded) {
+                android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(screenshot_path_);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /* vibrate a few but shortly times to let user know it's finished */
@@ -2566,9 +2573,9 @@
         return HandleUserConsentDenied();
     }
     if (consent_result == UserConsentResult::APPROVED) {
-        bool copy_succeeded = android::os::CopyFileToFd(ds.path_, ds.options_->bugreport_fd.get());
-        if (copy_succeeded && remove(ds.path_.c_str())) {
-            MYLOGE("remove(%s): %s", ds.path_.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        bool copy_succeeded = android::os::CopyFileToFd(path_, options_->bugreport_fd.get());
+        if (copy_succeeded) {
+            android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(path_);
         }
         return copy_succeeded ? Dumpstate::RunStatus::OK : Dumpstate::RunStatus::ERROR;
     } else if (consent_result == UserConsentResult::UNAVAILABLE) {
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
index 4766d82..7fb2f3b 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
@@ -347,7 +347,6 @@
         // File descriptor to output zip file.
         android::base::unique_fd bugreport_fd;
         // File descriptor to screenshot file.
-        // TODO(b/111441001): Use this fd.
         android::base::unique_fd screenshot_fd;
         // TODO: rename to MODE.
         // Extra options passed as system property.
diff --git a/include/input/InputWindow.h b/include/input/InputWindow.h
index 2b8cc57..a065a4c 100644
--- a/include/input/InputWindow.h
+++ b/include/input/InputWindow.h
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@
     int32_t ownerUid;
     int32_t inputFeatures;
     int32_t displayId;
+    int32_t portalToDisplayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
     InputApplicationInfo applicationInfo;
 
     void addTouchableRegion(const Rect& region);
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp b/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
index 0826544..68011bb 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
@@ -65,12 +65,10 @@
         "include_ndk/android/*.h",
     ],
     license: "NOTICE",
-    draft: true,
 }
 
 ndk_library {
     name: "libbinder_ndk",
     symbol_file: "libbinder_ndk.map.txt",
     first_version: "29",
-    draft: true,
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp b/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
index aa1371f..5c5613d 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
     output.writeInt32(ownerUid);
     output.writeInt32(inputFeatures);
     output.writeInt32(displayId);
+    output.writeInt32(portalToDisplayId);
     applicationInfo.write(output);
     output.write(touchableRegion);
 
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@
     ret.ownerUid = from.readInt32();
     ret.inputFeatures = from.readInt32();
     ret.displayId = from.readInt32();
+    ret.portalToDisplayId = from.readInt32();
     ret.applicationInfo = InputApplicationInfo::read(from);
     from.read(ret.touchableRegion);
 
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp
index 5e5893f..09dd72b 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
     i.ownerUid = 24;
     i.inputFeatures = 29;
     i.displayId = 34;
+    i.portalToDisplayId = 2;
 
     Parcel p;
     i.write(p);
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(i.ownerUid, i2.ownerUid);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.inputFeatures, i2.inputFeatures);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.displayId, i2.displayId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(i.portalToDisplayId, i2.portalToDisplayId);
 }
 
 } // namespace test
diff --git a/libs/ui/BufferHubBuffer.cpp b/libs/ui/BufferHubBuffer.cpp
index 4b3d3ba..4b20772 100644
--- a/libs/ui/BufferHubBuffer.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/BufferHubBuffer.cpp
@@ -318,6 +318,11 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+bool BufferHubBuffer::IsReleased() const {
+    return (buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire) &
+            active_clients_bit_mask_->load(std::memory_order_acquire)) == 0;
+}
+
 bool BufferHubBuffer::IsValid() const {
     return mBufferHandle.getNativeHandle() != nullptr && mId >= 0 && mClientStateMask != 0U &&
             mEventFd.get() >= 0 && mMetadata.IsValid() && mBufferClient != nullptr;
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubBuffer.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubBuffer.h
index 42d9320..0b6d75a 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubBuffer.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubBuffer.h
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@
     const BufferHubEventFd& eventFd() const { return mEventFd; }
 
     // Returns the current value of MetadataHeader::buffer_state.
-    uint32_t buffer_state() {
-        return mMetadata.metadata_header()->buffer_state.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-    }
+    uint32_t buffer_state() const { return buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
 
     // A state mask which is unique to a buffer hub client among all its siblings sharing the same
     // concrete graphic buffer.
@@ -97,6 +95,9 @@
     // current cycle of the usage of the buffer.
     int Release();
 
+    // Returns whether the buffer is released by all active clients or not.
+    bool IsReleased() const;
+
     // Creates a token that stands for this BufferHubBuffer client and could be used for Import to
     // create another BufferHubBuffer. The new BufferHubBuffer will share the same underlying
     // gralloc buffer and ashmem region for metadata. Note that the caller owns the token and
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubDefs.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubDefs.h
index 43d900c..ff970cb 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubDefs.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/BufferHubDefs.h
@@ -106,11 +106,6 @@
     return high_bits == 0U;
 }
 
-// Returns true if all clients are in released state.
-static inline bool IsBufferReleased(uint32_t state) {
-    return state == 0U;
-}
-
 // Returns true if the input client is in released state.
 static inline bool IsClientReleased(uint32_t state, uint32_t client_bit_mask) {
     return (state & client_bit_mask) == 0U;
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubBuffer_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubBuffer_test.cpp
index 58965c1..3bcd935 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubBuffer_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubBuffer_test.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 using ::android::BufferHubDefs::AnyClientAcquired;
 using ::android::BufferHubDefs::AnyClientGained;
 using ::android::BufferHubDefs::AnyClientPosted;
-using ::android::BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased;
 using ::android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientAcquired;
 using ::android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientGained;
 using ::android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientPosted;
@@ -162,8 +161,8 @@
     EXPECT_NE(b1->client_state_mask(), b2->client_state_mask());
 
     // Both buffer instances should be in released state currently.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b1->buffer_state()));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b2->buffer_state()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(b1->IsReleased());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(b2->IsReleased());
 
     // The event fd should behave like duped event fds.
     const BufferHubEventFd& eventFd1 = b1->eventFd();
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BufferHubBufferStateTransitionTest, GainBuffer_fromReleasedState) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b1->buffer_state()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(b1->IsReleased());
 
     // Successful gaining the buffer should change the buffer state bit of b1 to
     // gained state, other client state bits to released state.
@@ -319,7 +318,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BufferHubBufferStateTransitionTest, PostBuffer_fromReleasedState) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b1->buffer_state()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(b1->IsReleased());
 
     // Posting from released state should fail.
     EXPECT_EQ(b1->Post(), -EBUSY);
@@ -357,7 +356,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BufferHubBufferStateTransitionTest, AcquireBuffer_fromReleasedState) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b1->buffer_state()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(b1->IsReleased());
 
     // Acquiring form released state should fail.
     EXPECT_EQ(b1->Acquire(), -EBUSY);
@@ -374,13 +373,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BufferHubBufferStateTransitionTest, ReleaseBuffer_fromSelfInReleasedState) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b1->buffer_state()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(b1->IsReleased());
 
     EXPECT_EQ(b1->Release(), 0);
 }
 
 TEST_F(BufferHubBufferStateTransitionTest, ReleaseBuffer_fromSelfInGainedState) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(b1->buffer_state()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(b1->IsReleased());
     ASSERT_EQ(b1->Gain(), 0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(AnyClientGained(b1->buffer_state()));
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubMetadata_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubMetadata_test.cpp
index 11f8e57..b7f0b4b 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubMetadata_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/BufferHubMetadata_test.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <ui/BufferHubMetadata.h>
 
-using android::BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased;
-
 namespace android {
 namespace dvr {
 
@@ -52,13 +50,17 @@
   BufferHubDefs::MetadataHeader* mh1 = m1.metadata_header();
   EXPECT_NE(mh1, nullptr);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(mh1->buffer_state.load()));
+  // Check if the newly allocated buffer is initialized in released state (i.e.
+  // state equals to 0U).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mh1->buffer_state.load() == 0U);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.IsValid());
   BufferHubDefs::MetadataHeader* mh2 = m2.metadata_header();
   EXPECT_NE(mh2, nullptr);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(mh2->buffer_state.load()));
+  // Check if the newly allocated buffer is initialized in released state (i.e.
+  // state equals to 0U).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mh2->buffer_state.load() == 0U);
 }
 
 TEST_F(BufferHubMetadataTest, MoveMetadataInvalidatesOldOne) {
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/buffer_hub-test.cpp b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/buffer_hub-test.cpp
index ed5a992..a47a98f 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/buffer_hub-test.cpp
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/buffer_hub-test.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 using android::BufferHubDefs::AnyClientAcquired;
 using android::BufferHubDefs::AnyClientGained;
 using android::BufferHubDefs::AnyClientPosted;
-using android::BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased;
 using android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientAcquired;
 using android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientPosted;
 using android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientReleased;
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0, c->ReleaseAsync(&metadata, invalid_fence));
   EXPECT_LT(0, RETRY_EINTR(p->Poll(kPollTimeoutMs)));
   EXPECT_EQ(p->buffer_state(), c->buffer_state());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->is_released());
 
   // Acquire and post in released state should fail.
   EXPECT_EQ(-EBUSY, c->AcquireAsync(&metadata, &invalid_fence));
@@ -356,7 +355,7 @@
   // Producer state bit is in released state after post, other clients shall be
   // in posted state although there is no consumer of this buffer yet.
   ASSERT_TRUE(IsClientReleased(p->buffer_state(), p->client_state_mask()));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(p->is_released());
   ASSERT_TRUE(AnyClientPosted(p->buffer_state()));
 
   // Gain in released state should succeed.
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kMaxConsumerCount; ++i) {
     cs[i] = ConsumerBuffer::Import(p->CreateConsumer());
     ASSERT_TRUE(cs[i].get() != nullptr);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(cs[i]->buffer_state()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cs[i]->is_released());
     EXPECT_NE(producer_state_mask, cs[i]->client_state_mask());
   }
 
@@ -397,12 +396,12 @@
   // All consumers have to release before the buffer is considered to be
   // released.
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kMaxConsumerCount; i++) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(p->is_released());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, cs[i]->ReleaseAsync(&metadata, invalid_fence));
   }
 
   EXPECT_LT(0, RETRY_EINTR(p->Poll(kPollTimeoutMs)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->is_released());
 
   // Buffer state cross all clients must be consistent.
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kMaxConsumerCount; i++) {
@@ -445,7 +444,7 @@
 
   // Post the gained buffer before any consumer gets created.
   EXPECT_EQ(0, p->PostAsync(&metadata, invalid_fence));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->is_released());
   EXPECT_EQ(0, RETRY_EINTR(p->Poll(kPollTimeoutMs)));
 
   // Newly created consumer will be signalled for the posted buffer although it
@@ -481,7 +480,7 @@
   // need to wait until the releasd is confirmed before creating another
   // consumer.
   EXPECT_LT(0, RETRY_EINTR(p->Poll(kPollTimeoutMs)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->is_released());
 
   // Create another consumer immediately after the release, should not make the
   // buffer un-released.
@@ -489,7 +488,7 @@
       ConsumerBuffer::Import(p->CreateConsumer());
   ASSERT_TRUE(c2.get() != nullptr);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsBufferReleased(p->buffer_state()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->is_released());
   EXPECT_EQ(0, p->GainAsync(&metadata, &invalid_fence));
   EXPECT_TRUE(AnyClientGained(p->buffer_state()));
 }
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_defs.h b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_defs.h
index f5761d5..bab7367 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_defs.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_defs.h
@@ -51,10 +51,6 @@
   return android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientAcquired(state, client_bit_mask);
 }
 
-static inline bool IsBufferReleased(uint32_t state) {
-  return android::BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased(state);
-}
-
 static inline bool IsClientReleased(uint32_t state, uint32_t client_bit_mask) {
   return android::BufferHubDefs::IsClientReleased(state, client_bit_mask);
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 57181c2..9702fb2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
 }
 
 sp<InputWindowHandle> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId,
-        int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+        int32_t x, int32_t y, bool addOutsideTargets, bool addPortalWindows) {
     // Traverse windows from front to back to find touched window.
     const Vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
     size_t numWindows = windowHandles.size();
@@ -536,10 +536,25 @@
                     bool isTouchModal = (flags & (InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
                             | InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL)) == 0;
                     if (isTouchModal || windowInfo->touchableRegionContainsPoint(x, y)) {
+                        int32_t portalToDisplayId = windowInfo->portalToDisplayId;
+                        if (portalToDisplayId != ADISPLAY_ID_NONE
+                                && portalToDisplayId != displayId) {
+                            if (addPortalWindows) {
+                                // For the monitoring channels of the display.
+                                mTempTouchState.addPortalWindow(windowHandle);
+                            }
+                            return findTouchedWindowAtLocked(
+                                    portalToDisplayId, x, y, addOutsideTargets, addPortalWindows);
+                        }
                         // Found window.
                         return windowHandle;
                     }
                 }
+
+                if (addOutsideTargets && (flags & InputWindowInfo::FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH)) {
+                    mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(
+                            windowHandle, InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE, BitSet32(0));
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -926,6 +941,22 @@
     // Add monitor channels from event's or focused display.
     addMonitoringTargetsLocked(inputTargets, getTargetDisplayId(entry));
 
+    if (isPointerEvent) {
+        ssize_t stateIndex = mTouchStatesByDisplay.indexOfKey(entry->displayId);
+        if (stateIndex >= 0) {
+            const TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.valueAt(stateIndex);
+            if (!state.portalWindows.isEmpty()) {
+                // The event has gone through these portal windows, so we add monitoring targets of
+                // the corresponding displays as well.
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < state.portalWindows.size(); i++) {
+                    const InputWindowInfo* windowInfo = state.portalWindows.itemAt(i)->getInfo();
+                    addMonitoringTargetsLocked(inputTargets, windowInfo->portalToDisplayId,
+                            -windowInfo->frameLeft, -windowInfo->frameTop);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // Dispatch the motion.
     if (conflictingPointerActions) {
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
@@ -1293,37 +1324,8 @@
                 getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X));
         int32_t y = int32_t(entry->pointerCoords[pointerIndex].
                 getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-        sp<InputWindowHandle> newTouchedWindowHandle;
-        bool isTouchModal = false;
-
-        // Traverse windows from front to back to find touched window and outside targets.
-        const Vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
-        size_t numWindows = windowHandles.size();
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < numWindows; i++) {
-            sp<InputWindowHandle> windowHandle = windowHandles.itemAt(i);
-            const InputWindowInfo* windowInfo = windowHandle->getInfo();
-            if (windowInfo->displayId != displayId) {
-                continue; // wrong display
-            }
-
-            int32_t flags = windowInfo->layoutParamsFlags;
-            if (windowInfo->visible) {
-                if (! (flags & InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE)) {
-                    isTouchModal = (flags & (InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
-                            | InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL)) == 0;
-                    if (isTouchModal || windowInfo->touchableRegionContainsPoint(x, y)) {
-                        newTouchedWindowHandle = windowHandle;
-                        break; // found touched window, exit window loop
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN
-                        && (flags & InputWindowInfo::FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH)) {
-                    mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(
-                            windowHandle, InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE, BitSet32(0));
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        sp<InputWindowHandle> newTouchedWindowHandle = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(
+                displayId, x, y, maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, true);
 
         // Figure out whether splitting will be allowed for this window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr
@@ -1685,7 +1687,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::addMonitoringTargetsLocked(Vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets,
-        int32_t displayId) {
+        int32_t displayId, float xOffset, float yOffset) {
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, Vector<sp<InputChannel>>>::const_iterator it =
             mMonitoringChannelsByDisplay.find(displayId);
 
@@ -1698,8 +1700,8 @@
             InputTarget& target = inputTargets.editTop();
             target.inputChannel = monitoringChannels[i];
             target.flags = InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_IS;
-            target.xOffset = 0;
-            target.yOffset = 0;
+            target.xOffset = xOffset;
+            target.yOffset = yOffset;
             target.pointerIds.clear();
             target.globalScaleFactor = 1.0f;
         }
@@ -3102,7 +3104,8 @@
             Vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> newHandles;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < numWindows; i++) {
                 const sp<InputWindowHandle>& handle = inputWindowHandles.itemAt(i);
-                if (!handle->updateInfo() || getInputChannelLocked(handle->getToken()) == nullptr) {
+                if (!handle->updateInfo() || (getInputChannelLocked(handle->getToken()) == nullptr
+                        && handle->getInfo()->portalToDisplayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)) {
                     ALOGE("Window handle %s has no registered input channel",
                             handle->getName().c_str());
                     continue;
@@ -3537,6 +3540,14 @@
             } else {
                 dump += INDENT3 "Windows: <none>\n";
             }
+            if (!state.portalWindows.isEmpty()) {
+                dump += INDENT3 "Portal windows:\n";
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < state.portalWindows.size(); i++) {
+                    const sp<InputWindowHandle> portalWindowHandle = state.portalWindows.itemAt(i);
+                    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "%zu: name='%s'\n",
+                            i, portalWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
+                }
+            }
         }
     } else {
         dump += INDENT "TouchStates: <no displays touched>\n";
@@ -3553,11 +3564,12 @@
                     const InputWindowInfo* windowInfo = windowHandle->getInfo();
 
                     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "%zu: name='%s', displayId=%d, "
-                            "paused=%s, hasFocus=%s, hasWallpaper=%s, "
+                            "portalToDisplayId=%d, paused=%s, hasFocus=%s, hasWallpaper=%s, "
                             "visible=%s, canReceiveKeys=%s, flags=0x%08x, type=0x%08x, layer=%d, "
                             "frame=[%d,%d][%d,%d], globalScale=%f, windowScale=(%f,%f), "
                             "touchableRegion=",
                             i, windowInfo->name.c_str(), windowInfo->displayId,
+                            windowInfo->portalToDisplayId,
                             toString(windowInfo->paused),
                             toString(windowInfo->hasFocus),
                             toString(windowInfo->hasWallpaper),
@@ -4906,6 +4918,7 @@
     source = 0;
     displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
     windows.clear();
+    portalWindows.clear();
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::TouchState::copyFrom(const TouchState& other) {
@@ -4915,6 +4928,7 @@
     source = other.source;
     displayId = other.displayId;
     windows = other.windows;
+    portalWindows = other.portalWindows;
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::TouchState::addOrUpdateWindow(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
@@ -4943,6 +4957,17 @@
     touchedWindow.pointerIds = pointerIds;
 }
 
+void InputDispatcher::TouchState::addPortalWindow(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle) {
+    size_t numWindows = portalWindows.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numWindows; i++) {
+        sp<InputWindowHandle> portalWindowHandle = portalWindows.itemAt(i);
+        if (portalWindowHandle == windowHandle) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    portalWindows.push_back(windowHandle);
+}
+
 void InputDispatcher::TouchState::removeWindow(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < windows.size(); i++) {
         if (windows.itemAt(i).windowHandle == windowHandle) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h
index 327dbbd..2d8df5c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -921,7 +921,8 @@
     // to transfer focus to a new application.
     EventEntry* mNextUnblockedEvent;
 
-    sp<InputWindowHandle> findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y);
+    sp<InputWindowHandle> findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y,
+            bool addOutsideTargets = false, bool addPortalWindows = false);
 
     // All registered connections mapped by channel file descriptor.
     KeyedVector<int, sp<Connection> > mConnectionsByFd;
@@ -1016,12 +1017,18 @@
         int32_t displayId; // id to the display that currently has a touch, others are rejected
         Vector<TouchedWindow> windows;
 
+        // This collects the portal windows that the touch has gone through. Each portal window
+        // targets a display (embedded display for most cases). With this info, we can add the
+        // monitoring channels of the displays touched.
+        Vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> portalWindows;
+
         TouchState();
         ~TouchState();
         void reset();
         void copyFrom(const TouchState& other);
         void addOrUpdateWindow(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
                 int32_t targetFlags, BitSet32 pointerIds);
+        void addPortalWindow(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle);
         void removeWindow(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle);
         void removeWindowByToken(const sp<IBinder>& token);
         void filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
@@ -1096,7 +1103,8 @@
 
     void addWindowTargetLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
             int32_t targetFlags, BitSet32 pointerIds, Vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets);
-    void addMonitoringTargetsLocked(Vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets, int32_t displayId);
+    void addMonitoringTargetsLocked(Vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets, int32_t displayId,
+            float xOffset = 0, float yOffset = 0);
 
     void pokeUserActivityLocked(const EventEntry* eventEntry);
     bool checkInjectionPermission(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp
index 64070e3..f84aa34 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputReader.cpp
@@ -805,6 +805,30 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+bool InputReader::canDispatchToDisplay(int32_t deviceId, int32_t displayId) {
+    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
+
+    ssize_t deviceIndex = mDevices.indexOfKey(deviceId);
+    if (deviceIndex < 0) {
+        ALOGW("Ignoring invalid device id %" PRId32 ".", deviceId);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    InputDevice* device = mDevices.valueAt(deviceIndex);
+    std::optional<int32_t> associatedDisplayId = device->getAssociatedDisplay();
+    // No associated display. By default, can dispatch to all displays.
+    if (!associatedDisplayId) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (*associatedDisplayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+        ALOGW("Device has associated, but no associated display id.");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return *associatedDisplayId == displayId;
+}
+
 void InputReader::dump(std::string& dump) {
     AutoMutex _l(mLock);
 
@@ -1275,6 +1299,18 @@
     mContext->getListener()->notifyDeviceReset(&args);
 }
 
+std::optional<int32_t> InputDevice::getAssociatedDisplay() {
+    size_t numMappers = mMappers.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numMappers; i++) {
+        InputMapper* mapper = mMappers[i];
+        std::optional<int32_t> associatedDisplayId = mapper->getAssociatedDisplay();
+        if (associatedDisplayId) {
+            return associatedDisplayId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
 
 // --- CursorButtonAccumulator ---
 
@@ -2647,7 +2683,7 @@
         }
 
         // Update the PointerController if viewports changed.
-        if (mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay) {
+        if (mParameters.mode == Parameters::MODE_POINTER) {
             getPolicy()->obtainPointerController(getDeviceId());
         }
         bumpGeneration();
@@ -2919,6 +2955,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+std::optional<int32_t> CursorInputMapper::getAssociatedDisplay() {
+    if (mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay) {
+        if (mParameters.mode == Parameters::MODE_POINTER) {
+            return std::make_optional(mPointerController->getDisplayId());
+        } else {
+            // If the device is orientationAware and not a mouse,
+            // it expects to dispatch events to any display
+            return std::make_optional(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
 // --- RotaryEncoderInputMapper ---
 
 RotaryEncoderInputMapper::RotaryEncoderInputMapper(InputDevice* device) :
@@ -6511,9 +6560,7 @@
             ALOG_ASSERT(false);
         }
     }
-    const int32_t displayId = mPointerController != nullptr ?
-            mPointerController->getDisplayId() : mViewport.displayId;
-
+    const int32_t displayId = getAssociatedDisplay().value_or(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     const int32_t deviceId = getDeviceId();
     std::vector<TouchVideoFrame> frames = mDevice->getEventHub()->getVideoFrames(deviceId);
     NotifyMotionArgs args(mContext->getNextSequenceNum(), when, deviceId,
@@ -6830,6 +6877,16 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+std::optional<int32_t> TouchInputMapper::getAssociatedDisplay() {
+    if (mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay) {
+        if (mDeviceMode == DEVICE_MODE_POINTER) {
+            return std::make_optional(mPointerController->getDisplayId());
+        } else {
+            return std::make_optional(mViewport.displayId);
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
 
 // --- SingleTouchInputMapper ---
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputReader.h b/services/inputflinger/InputReader.h
index aaffce2..fed55ac 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputReader.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputReader.h
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@
             ssize_t repeat, int32_t token);
     virtual void cancelVibrate(int32_t deviceId, int32_t token);
 
+    virtual bool canDispatchToDisplay(int32_t deviceId, int32_t displayId);
 protected:
     // These members are protected so they can be instrumented by test cases.
     virtual InputDevice* createDeviceLocked(int32_t deviceId, int32_t controllerNumber,
@@ -320,6 +321,7 @@
         return value;
     }
 
+    std::optional<int32_t> getAssociatedDisplay();
 private:
     InputReaderContext* mContext;
     int32_t mId;
@@ -778,7 +780,9 @@
     virtual void updateExternalStylusState(const StylusState& state);
 
     virtual void fadePointer();
-
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getAssociatedDisplay() {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 protected:
     InputDevice* mDevice;
     InputReaderContext* mContext;
@@ -932,6 +936,7 @@
 
     virtual void fadePointer();
 
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getAssociatedDisplay();
 private:
     // Amount that trackball needs to move in order to generate a key event.
     static const int32_t TRACKBALL_MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD = 6;
@@ -1025,7 +1030,7 @@
     virtual void cancelTouch(nsecs_t when);
     virtual void timeoutExpired(nsecs_t when);
     virtual void updateExternalStylusState(const StylusState& state);
-
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getAssociatedDisplay();
 protected:
     CursorButtonAccumulator mCursorButtonAccumulator;
     CursorScrollAccumulator mCursorScrollAccumulator;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/OWNERS b/services/inputflinger/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0313a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+michaelwr@google.com
+svv@google.com
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
index fe1c50b..c411ec0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@
     virtual void vibrate(int32_t deviceId, const nsecs_t* pattern, size_t patternSize,
             ssize_t repeat, int32_t token) = 0;
     virtual void cancelVibrate(int32_t deviceId, int32_t token) = 0;
+
+    /* Return true if the device can send input events to the specified display. */
+    virtual bool canDispatchToDisplay(int32_t deviceId, int32_t displayId) = 0;
 };
 
 /* Reads raw events from the event hub and processes them, endlessly. */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 0b86555..84c5ad6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -841,6 +841,7 @@
     bool mResetWasCalled;
     bool mProcessWasCalled;
 
+    std::optional<DisplayViewport> mViewport;
 public:
     FakeInputMapper(InputDevice* device, uint32_t sources) :
             InputMapper(device),
@@ -909,8 +910,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    virtual void configure(nsecs_t, const InputReaderConfiguration*, uint32_t) {
+    virtual void configure(nsecs_t, const InputReaderConfiguration* config, uint32_t changes) {
         mConfigureWasCalled = true;
+
+        // Find the associated viewport if exist.
+        const std::optional<uint8_t> displayPort = mDevice->getAssociatedDisplayPort();
+        if (displayPort && (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+            mViewport = config->getDisplayViewportByPort(*displayPort);
+        }
     }
 
     virtual void reset(nsecs_t) {
@@ -957,6 +964,13 @@
 
     virtual void fadePointer() {
     }
+
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getAssociatedDisplay() {
+        if (mViewport) {
+            return std::make_optional(mViewport->displayId);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 };
 
 
@@ -984,9 +998,10 @@
     }
 
     InputDevice* newDevice(int32_t deviceId, int32_t controllerNumber, const std::string& name,
-            uint32_t classes) {
+            uint32_t classes, const std::string& location = "") {
         InputDeviceIdentifier identifier;
         identifier.name = name;
+        identifier.location = location;
         int32_t generation = deviceId + 1;
         return new InputDevice(&mContext, deviceId, generation, controllerNumber, identifier,
                 classes);
@@ -1286,7 +1301,7 @@
 TEST_F(InputReaderTest, WhenEnabledChanges_SendsDeviceResetNotification) {
     constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
     constexpr uint32_t deviceClass = INPUT_DEVICE_CLASS_KEYBOARD;
-    InputDevice* device = mReader->newDevice(deviceId, 0, "fake", deviceClass);
+    InputDevice* device = mReader->newDevice(deviceId, 0 /*controllerNumber*/, "fake", deviceClass);
     // Must add at least one mapper or the device will be ignored!
     FakeInputMapper* mapper = new FakeInputMapper(device, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD);
     device->addMapper(mapper);
@@ -1470,7 +1485,7 @@
 TEST_F(InputReaderTest, DeviceReset_IncrementsSequenceNumber) {
     constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
     constexpr uint32_t deviceClass = INPUT_DEVICE_CLASS_KEYBOARD;
-    InputDevice* device = mReader->newDevice(deviceId, 0, "fake", deviceClass);
+    InputDevice* device = mReader->newDevice(deviceId, 0 /*controllerNumber*/, "fake", deviceClass);
     // Must add at least one mapper or the device will be ignored!
     FakeInputMapper* mapper = new FakeInputMapper(device, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD);
     device->addMapper(mapper);
@@ -1500,6 +1515,36 @@
     prevSequenceNum = resetArgs.sequenceNum;
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputReaderTest, Device_CanDispatchToDisplay) {
+    constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
+    constexpr uint32_t deviceClass = INPUT_DEVICE_CLASS_KEYBOARD;
+    const char* DEVICE_LOCATION = "USB1";
+    InputDevice* device = mReader->newDevice(deviceId, 0 /*controllerNumber*/, "fake", deviceClass,
+            DEVICE_LOCATION);
+    FakeInputMapper* mapper = new FakeInputMapper(device, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
+    device->addMapper(mapper);
+    mReader->setNextDevice(device);
+    addDevice(deviceId, "fake", deviceClass, nullptr);
+
+    const uint8_t hdmi1 = 1;
+
+    // Associated touch screen with second display.
+    mFakePolicy->addInputPortAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, hdmi1);
+
+    // Add default and second display.
+    mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(DISPLAY_ID, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
+            DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0, "local:0", NO_PORT, ViewportType::VIEWPORT_INTERNAL);
+    mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
+            DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0, "local:1", hdmi1, ViewportType::VIEWPORT_EXTERNAL);
+    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+
+    // Check device.
+    ASSERT_EQ(deviceId, device->getId());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mReader->canDispatchToDisplay(deviceId, DISPLAY_ID));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader->canDispatchToDisplay(deviceId, SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID));
+}
+
 
 // --- InputDeviceTest ---
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index 2132f59..83b9585 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include "BufferStateLayer.h"
+#include "ColorLayer.h"
 
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
@@ -302,6 +303,48 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool BufferStateLayer::setColor(const half3& color) {
+    // create color layer if one does not yet exist
+    if (!mCurrentState.bgColorLayer) {
+        uint32_t flags = ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceColor;
+        const String8& name = mName + "BackgroundColorLayer";
+        mCurrentState.bgColorLayer =
+                new ColorLayer(LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, name, 0, 0, flags));
+
+        // add to child list
+        addChild(mCurrentState.bgColorLayer);
+        mFlinger->mLayersAdded = true;
+        // set up SF to handle added color layer
+        if (isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
+            mCurrentState.bgColorLayer->onRemovedFromCurrentState();
+        }
+        mFlinger->setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
+    }
+
+    mCurrentState.bgColorLayer->setColor(color);
+    mCurrentState.bgColorLayer->setLayer(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min());
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool BufferStateLayer::setColorAlpha(float alpha) {
+    if (!mCurrentState.bgColorLayer) {
+        ALOGE("Attempting to set color alpha on a buffer state layer with no background color");
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentState.bgColorLayer->setAlpha(alpha);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool BufferStateLayer::setColorDataspace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+    if (!mCurrentState.bgColorLayer) {
+        ALOGE("Attempting to set color dataspace on a buffer state layer with no background color");
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentState.bgColorLayer->setDataspace(dataspace);
+    return true;
+}
+
 Rect BufferStateLayer::getBufferSize(const State& s) const {
     // for buffer state layers we use the display frame size as the buffer size.
     if (getActiveWidth(s) < UINT32_MAX && getActiveHeight(s) < UINT32_MAX) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
index 3f891d3..64d6a85 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@
     }
     bool setCrop_legacy(const Rect& /*crop*/, bool /*immediate*/) override { return false; }
     bool setOverrideScalingMode(int32_t /*overrideScalingMode*/) override { return false; }
+    bool setColor(const half3& color) override;
+    bool setColorAlpha(float alpha) override;
+    bool setColorDataspace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) override;
     void deferTransactionUntil_legacy(const sp<IBinder>& /*barrierHandle*/,
                                       uint64_t /*frameNumber*/) override {}
     void deferTransactionUntil_legacy(const sp<Layer>& /*barrierLayer*/,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index f181220..fde90f4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -2147,6 +2147,10 @@
 InputWindowInfo Layer::fillInputInfo() {
     InputWindowInfo info = mDrawingState.inputInfo;
 
+    if (info.displayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+        info.displayId = mDrawingState.layerStack;
+    }
+
     ui::Transform t = getTransform();
     const float xScale = t.sx();
     const float yScale = t.sy();
@@ -2157,7 +2161,10 @@
     }
 
     // Transform layer size to screen space and inset it by surface insets.
-    Rect layerBounds = getBufferSize(getDrawingState());
+    // If this is a portal window, set the touchableRegion to the layerBounds.
+    Rect layerBounds = info.portalToDisplayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE
+            ? getBufferSize(getDrawingState())
+            : info.touchableRegion.getBounds();
     if (!layerBounds.isValid()) {
         layerBounds = getCroppedBufferSize(getDrawingState());
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index d30961a..b3979e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@
         mat4 colorTransform;
         bool hasColorTransform;
 
+        // pointer to background color layer that, if set, appears below the buffer state layer
+        // and the buffer state layer's children.  Z order will be set to
+        // INT_MIN
+        sp<Layer> bgColorLayer;
         ui::Dataspace colorDataspace; // The dataspace of the background color layer
 
         // The deque of callback handles for this frame. The back of the deque contains the most
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Transaction_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Transaction_test.cpp
index 396fc55..56d3bd4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Transaction_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Transaction_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <android/native_window.h>
 
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <gui/BufferItemConsumer.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
@@ -495,10 +497,6 @@
     // leave room for ~256 layers
     const int32_t mLayerZBase = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() - 256;
 
-    void setRelativeZBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType);
-    void setRelativeZGroupHelper(uint32_t layerType);
-    void setAlphaBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType);
-
     sp<SurfaceControl> mBlackBgSurface;
     bool mColorManagementUsed;
 
@@ -544,15 +542,72 @@
     }
 
     int32_t mBufferPostDelay;
+
+    friend class LayerRenderPathTestHarness;
+};
+enum class RenderPath { SCREENSHOT, VIRTUAL_DISPLAY };
+
+class LayerRenderPathTestHarness {
+public:
+    LayerRenderPathTestHarness(LayerTransactionTest* delegate, RenderPath renderPath)
+          : mDelegate(delegate), mRenderPath(renderPath) {}
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ScreenCapture> getScreenCapture() {
+        switch (mRenderPath) {
+            case RenderPath::SCREENSHOT:
+                return mDelegate->screenshot();
+            case RenderPath::VIRTUAL_DISPLAY:
+
+                sp<IBinder> mainDisplay =
+                        SurfaceComposerClient::getBuiltInDisplay(ISurfaceComposer::eDisplayIdMain);
+                DisplayInfo mainDisplayInfo;
+                SurfaceComposerClient::getDisplayInfo(mainDisplay, &mainDisplayInfo);
+
+                sp<IBinder> vDisplay;
+                sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
+                sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
+                sp<BufferItemConsumer> itemConsumer;
+                BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+
+                consumer->setConsumerName(String8("Virtual disp consumer"));
+                consumer->setDefaultBufferSize(mainDisplayInfo.w, mainDisplayInfo.h);
+
+                itemConsumer = new BufferItemConsumer(consumer,
+                                                      // Sample usage bits from screenrecord
+                                                      GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER |
+                                                              GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN);
+
+                vDisplay = SurfaceComposerClient::createDisplay(String8("VirtualDisplay"),
+                                                                false /*secure*/);
+
+                SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+                t.setDisplaySurface(vDisplay, producer);
+                t.setDisplayLayerStack(vDisplay, 0);
+                t.setDisplayProjection(vDisplay, mainDisplayInfo.orientation,
+                                       Rect(mainDisplayInfo.viewportW, mainDisplayInfo.viewportH),
+                                       Rect(mainDisplayInfo.w, mainDisplayInfo.h));
+                t.apply();
+                SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction().apply(true);
+                BufferItem item;
+                itemConsumer->acquireBuffer(&item, 0, true);
+                auto sc = std::make_unique<ScreenCapture>(item.mGraphicBuffer);
+                itemConsumer->releaseBuffer(item);
+                SurfaceComposerClient::destroyDisplay(vDisplay);
+                return sc;
+        }
+    }
+
+protected:
+    LayerTransactionTest* mDelegate;
+    RenderPath mRenderPath;
 };
 
-class LayerTypeTransactionTest : public LayerTransactionTest,
-                                 public ::testing::WithParamInterface<uint32_t> {
+class LayerTypeTransactionHarness : public LayerTransactionTest {
 public:
-    LayerTypeTransactionTest() { mLayerType = GetParam(); }
+    LayerTypeTransactionHarness(uint32_t layerType) : mLayerType(layerType) {}
 
     sp<SurfaceControl> createLayer(const char* name, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                                   uint32_t flags = 0, SurfaceControl* parent = nullptr) override {
+                                   uint32_t flags = 0, SurfaceControl* parent = nullptr) {
         // if the flags already have a layer type specified, return an error
         if (flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceMask) {
             return nullptr;
@@ -579,12 +634,69 @@
     uint32_t mLayerType;
 };
 
+class LayerTypeTransactionTest : public LayerTypeTransactionHarness,
+                                 public ::testing::WithParamInterface<uint32_t> {
+public:
+    LayerTypeTransactionTest() : LayerTypeTransactionHarness(GetParam()) {}
+};
+
+class LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest
+      : public LayerTypeTransactionHarness,
+        public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<uint32_t, RenderPath>> {
+public:
+    LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest()
+          : LayerTypeTransactionHarness(std::get<0>(GetParam())),
+            mRenderPathHarness(LayerRenderPathTestHarness(this, std::get<1>(GetParam()))) {}
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ScreenCapture> getScreenCapture() {
+        return mRenderPathHarness.getScreenCapture();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    LayerRenderPathTestHarness mRenderPathHarness;
+};
+
+// Environment for starting up binder threads. This is required for testing
+// virtual displays, as BufferQueue parameters may be queried over binder.
+class BinderEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override { ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); }
+};
+
+::testing::Environment* const binderEnv =
+        ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new BinderEnvironment());
+
+class LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest : public LayerTransactionTest,
+                                       public ::testing::WithParamInterface<RenderPath> {
+public:
+    LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest() : mHarness(LayerRenderPathTestHarness(this, GetParam())) {}
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ScreenCapture> getScreenCapture() { return mHarness.getScreenCapture(); }
+    void setRelativeZBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType);
+    void setRelativeZGroupHelper(uint32_t layerType);
+    void setAlphaBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType);
+
+protected:
+    LayerRenderPathTestHarness mHarness;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTests, LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(
+                ::testing::Values(
+                        static_cast<uint32_t>(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue),
+                        static_cast<uint32_t>(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState)),
+                ::testing::Values(RenderPath::VIRTUAL_DISPLAY, RenderPath::SCREENSHOT)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTests, LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(RenderPath::VIRTUAL_DISPLAY, RenderPath::SCREENSHOT));
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
         LayerTypeTransactionTests, LayerTypeTransactionTest,
         ::testing::Values(static_cast<uint32_t>(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue),
                           static_cast<uint32_t>(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState)));
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionBasic_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -592,7 +704,7 @@
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("default position");
         const Rect rect(0, 0, 32, 32);
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(rect, Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -601,13 +713,13 @@
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new position");
         const Rect rect(5, 10, 37, 42);
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(rect, Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionRounding_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionRounding_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -619,17 +731,17 @@
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, 0.5f - epsilon, 0.5f - epsilon).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("rounding down");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, 0.5f + epsilon, 0.5f + epsilon).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("rounding up");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(1, 1, 33, 33), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(1, 1, 33, 33), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -637,17 +749,17 @@
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, -32, -32).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("negative coordinates");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("positive coordinates");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionPartiallyOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionPartiallyOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -656,19 +768,19 @@
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, -30, -30).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("negative coordinates");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 2, 2), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 2, 2), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, mDisplayWidth - 2, mDisplayHeight - 2).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("positive coordinates");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(mDisplayWidth - 2, mDisplayHeight - 2, mDisplayWidth,
-                                       mDisplayHeight),
-                                  Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(mDisplayWidth - 2, mDisplayHeight - 2, mDisplayWidth,
+                                             mDisplayHeight),
+                                        Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionWithResize_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionWithResize_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -678,7 +790,7 @@
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, 5, 10).setSize(layer, 64, 64).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize pending");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         const Rect rect(5, 10, 37, 42);
         shot->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(rect, Color::BLACK);
@@ -687,11 +799,11 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 64, 64));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize applied");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(5, 10, 69, 74), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(5, 10, 69, 74), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionWithNextResize_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionWithNextResize_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -700,30 +812,30 @@
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, 5, 10).setGeometryAppliesWithResize(layer).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new position pending");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, 15, 20).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("pending new position modified");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setSize(layer, 64, 64).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize pending");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     // finally resize and latch the buffer
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 64, 64));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new position applied");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(15, 20, 79, 84), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(15, 20, 79, 84), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetPositionWithNextResizeScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetPositionWithNextResizeScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -737,17 +849,17 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new position pending");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED);
     }
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 64, 64));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new position applied");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(5, 10, 69, 74), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(5, 10, 69, 74), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetSizeBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetSizeBasic_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -755,7 +867,7 @@
     Transaction().setSize(layer, 64, 64).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize pending");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         const Rect rect(0, 0, 32, 32);
         shot->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(rect, Color::BLACK);
@@ -764,18 +876,18 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 64, 64));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize applied");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         const Rect rect(0, 0, 64, 64);
         shot->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(rect, Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetSizeInvalid) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetSizeInvalid) {
     // cannot test robustness against invalid sizes (zero or really huge)
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetSizeWithScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetSizeWithScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -785,10 +897,10 @@
             .setSize(layer, 64, 64)
             .setOverrideScalingMode(layer, NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_WINDOW)
             .apply();
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED);
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetZBasic) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetZBasic) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerG;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layerR = createLayer("test R", 32, 32));
@@ -799,17 +911,17 @@
     Transaction().setLayer(layerR, mLayerZBase + 1).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerR");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setLayer(layerG, mLayerZBase + 2).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerG");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetZNegative) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetZNegative) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parent =
             LayerTransactionTest::createLayer("Parent", 0 /* buffer width */, 0 /* buffer height */,
                                               ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceContainer);
@@ -828,19 +940,19 @@
     Transaction().setLayer(layerR, -1).setLayer(layerG, -2).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerR");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setLayer(layerR, -3).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerG");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN);
     }
 }
 
-void LayerTransactionTest::setRelativeZBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType) {
+void LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest::setRelativeZBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerG;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layerR = createLayer("test R", 32, 32, layerType));
@@ -867,7 +979,7 @@
     }
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerG above");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 16, 16), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::GREEN);
     }
@@ -875,17 +987,17 @@
     Transaction().setRelativeLayer(layerG, layerR->getHandle(), -1).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerG below");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(32, 32, 48, 48), Color::GREEN);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetRelativeZBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetRelativeZBasic_BufferQueue) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setRelativeZBasicHelper(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetRelativeZBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetRelativeZBasic_BufferState) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setRelativeZBasicHelper(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
 }
 
@@ -918,7 +1030,7 @@
     screenshot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
 }
 
-void LayerTransactionTest::setRelativeZGroupHelper(uint32_t layerType) {
+void LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest::setRelativeZGroupHelper(uint32_t layerType) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerG;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerB;
@@ -954,7 +1066,7 @@
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("(layerR < layerG) < layerB");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 8, 8), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(8, 8, 16, 16), Color::GREEN);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::BLUE);
@@ -964,7 +1076,7 @@
     Transaction().setLayer(layerR, mLayerZBase + 4).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerB < (layerR < layerG)");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 8, 8), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(8, 8, 40, 40), Color::GREEN);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(40, 40, 48, 48), Color::BLUE);
@@ -974,7 +1086,7 @@
     Transaction().setRelativeLayer(layerG, layerR->getHandle(), -3).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerB < (layerG < layerR)");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(32, 32, 40, 40), Color::GREEN);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(40, 40, 48, 48), Color::BLUE);
@@ -985,7 +1097,7 @@
     Transaction().setLayer(layerG, mLayerZBase).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerG < layerB < layerR");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(32, 32, 48, 48), Color::BLUE);
     }
@@ -995,21 +1107,21 @@
     Transaction().setLayer(layerR, mLayerZBase + 1).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerG < layerR < layerB");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 16, 16), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::BLUE);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetRelativeZGroup_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetRelativeZGroup_BufferQueue) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setRelativeZGroupHelper(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetRelativeZGroup_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetRelativeZGroup_BufferState) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setRelativeZGroupHelper(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetRelativeZBug64572777) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetRelativeZBug64572777) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerG;
 
@@ -1025,10 +1137,10 @@
 
     layerG->clear();
     // layerG should have been removed
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetFlagsHidden) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFlagsHidden) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1036,17 +1148,17 @@
     Transaction().setFlags(layer, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layer hidden");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     Transaction().setFlags(layer, 0, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layer shown");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetFlagsOpaque) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFlagsOpaque) {
     const Color translucentRed = {100, 0, 0, 100};
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerG;
@@ -1061,14 +1173,14 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerR opaque");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {100, 0, 0, 255});
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {100, 0, 0, 255});
     }
 
     Transaction().setFlags(layerR, 0, layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("layerR translucent");
         const uint8_t g = uint8_t(255 - translucentRed.a);
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {100, g, 0, 255});
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {100, g, 0, 255});
     }
 }
 
@@ -1090,7 +1202,7 @@
               composer->captureScreen(mDisplay, &outBuffer, Rect(), 0, 0, false));
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintBasic_BufferQueue) {
     const Rect top(0, 0, 32, 16);
     const Rect bottom(0, 16, 32, 32);
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
@@ -1105,7 +1217,7 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(postBufferQueueLayerBuffer(layer));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("top transparent");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(top, Color::BLACK);
         shot->expectColor(bottom, Color::RED);
     }
@@ -1113,7 +1225,7 @@
     Transaction().setTransparentRegionHint(layer, Region(bottom)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("transparent region hint pending");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(top, Color::BLACK);
         shot->expectColor(bottom, Color::RED);
     }
@@ -1124,13 +1236,13 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(postBufferQueueLayerBuffer(layer));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("bottom transparent");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(top, Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(bottom, Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintBasic_BufferState) {
     const Rect top(0, 0, 32, 16);
     const Rect bottom(0, 16, 32, 32);
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
@@ -1152,7 +1264,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("top transparent");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(top, Color::BLACK);
         shot->expectColor(bottom, Color::RED);
     }
@@ -1160,7 +1272,7 @@
     Transaction().setTransparentRegionHint(layer, Region(bottom)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("transparent region hint intermediate");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(top, Color::BLACK);
         shot->expectColor(bottom, Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -1175,13 +1287,13 @@
     Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("bottom transparent");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(top, Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(bottom, Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerTransparent;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layerTransparent = createLayer("test transparent", 32, 32));
@@ -1196,10 +1308,10 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layerTransparent, Color::TRANSPARENT, 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layerR, Color::RED, 32, 32));
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::RED);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintOutOfBounds_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransparentRegionHintOutOfBounds_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerTransparent;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerR;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layerTransparent = createLayer("test transparent", 32, 32));
@@ -1215,10 +1327,96 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layerTransparent, Color::TRANSPARENT, 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferStateLayerColor(layerR, Color::RED, 32, 32));
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::RED);
 }
 
-void LayerTransactionTest::setAlphaBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorAlpha_Color_NoEffect) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 0, 0, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceColor));
+
+    half3 color;
+    color.r = 1.0f;
+    color.g = 0.0f;
+    color.b = 0.0f;
+    Transaction()
+            .setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32))
+            .setAlpha(layer, 1.0f)
+            .setColor(layer, color)
+            .setColorAlpha(layer, 0.5f)
+            .apply();
+
+    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorAlpha_BufferQueue_NoEffect) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    Transaction().setAlpha(layer, 1.0f).setColorAlpha(layer, 0.5f).apply();
+
+    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorAlpha_BufferState_ColorLayer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bgLayer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bgLayer = createLayer("test bg", 32, 32));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(bgLayer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    // create color layer
+    half3 color;
+    color.r = 0.0f;
+    color.g = 1.0f;
+    color.b = 0.0f;
+    Transaction().setFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32)).setColor(layer, color).apply();
+
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("before alpha");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN);
+        shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+    }
+
+    // apply alpha
+    Transaction().setAlpha(layer, 0.0f).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("set alpha");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorAlpha_BufferState_NoColorLayer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bgLayer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bgLayer = createLayer("test bg", 32, 32));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(bgLayer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("before alpha");
+        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+    }
+
+    // setting alpha without creating color layer should have no effect
+    Transaction().setFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32)).setAlpha(layer, 0.5f).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("alpha");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest::setAlphaBasicHelper(uint32_t layerType) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer1;
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer2;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer1 = createLayer("test 1", 32, 32, layerType));
@@ -1248,7 +1446,7 @@
             ASSERT_FALSE(true) << "Unsupported layer type";
     }
     {
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         uint8_t r = 16; // 64 * 0.25f
         uint8_t g = 48; // 64 * 0.75f
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 16, 32), {r, 0, 0, 255});
@@ -1259,15 +1457,15 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetAlphaBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetAlphaBasic_BufferQueue) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setAlphaBasicHelper(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetAlphaBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetAlphaBasic_BufferState) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setAlphaBasicHelper(ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetAlphaClamped) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetAlphaClamped) {
     const Color color = {64, 0, 0, 255};
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
@@ -1276,17 +1474,17 @@
     Transaction().setAlpha(layer, 2.0f).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("clamped to 1.0f");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), color);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), color);
     }
 
     Transaction().setAlpha(layer, -1.0f).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("clamped to 0.0f");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadius) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadius) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     const uint8_t size = 64;
     const uint8_t testArea = 4;
@@ -1300,7 +1498,7 @@
     {
         const uint8_t bottom = size - 1;
         const uint8_t right = size - 1;
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         // Transparent corners
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, testArea, testArea), Color::BLACK);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(size - testArea, 0, right, testArea), Color::BLACK);
@@ -1309,7 +1507,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadiusChildCrop) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadiusChildCrop) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parent;
     sp<SurfaceControl> child;
     const uint8_t size = 64;
@@ -1328,7 +1526,7 @@
     {
         const uint8_t bottom = size - 1;
         const uint8_t right = size - 1;
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         // Top edge of child should not have rounded corners because it's translated in the parent
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, size / 2, right, static_cast<int>(bottom - cornerRadius)),
             Color::GREEN);
@@ -1338,7 +1536,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorBasic) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorBasic) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> bufferLayer;
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferLayer = createLayer("test bg", 32, 32));
@@ -1354,7 +1552,7 @@
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("default color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     const half3 color(15.0f / 255.0f, 51.0f / 255.0f, 85.0f / 255.0f);
@@ -1365,11 +1563,82 @@
     Transaction().setColor(colorLayer, color).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expected, tolerance);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expected, tolerance);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorClamped) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBackgroundColor_BufferState_NoPriorColor) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bufferQueueLayer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bufferStateLayer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferQueueLayer = createLayer("test bg", 32, 32));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            bufferStateLayer =
+                    createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(bufferQueueLayer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("default color");
+        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+    }
+
+    half3 color;
+    color.r = 0.0f;
+    color.g = 1.0f;
+    color.b = 0.0f;
+    Transaction()
+            .setFrame(bufferStateLayer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32))
+            .setLayer(bufferStateLayer, mLayerZBase + 1)
+            .setColor(bufferStateLayer, color)
+            .apply();
+
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("set color");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN);
+        shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBackgroundColor_BufferState_PriorColor) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bufferQueueLayer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bufferStateLayer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferQueueLayer = createLayer("test bg", 32, 32));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            bufferStateLayer =
+                    createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(bufferQueueLayer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    half3 color;
+    color.r = 0.0f;
+    color.g = 1.0f;
+    color.b = 0.0f;
+    Transaction()
+            .setFrame(bufferStateLayer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32))
+            .setLayer(bufferStateLayer, mLayerZBase + 1)
+            .setColor(bufferStateLayer, color)
+            .apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("default color");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN);
+        shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+    }
+
+    color.r = 0.0f;
+    color.g = 0.0f;
+    color.b = 1.0f;
+    Transaction().setColor(bufferStateLayer, color).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("new color");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
+        shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorClamped) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(colorLayer =
                                     createLayer("test", 0 /* buffer width */, 0 /* buffer height */,
@@ -1379,10 +1648,10 @@
             .setColor(colorLayer, half3(2.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f))
             .apply();
 
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorWithAlpha) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorWithAlpha) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> bufferLayer;
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferLayer = createLayer("test bg", 32, 32));
@@ -1403,11 +1672,11 @@
             .setAlpha(colorLayer, alpha)
             .setLayer(colorLayer, mLayerZBase + 1)
             .apply();
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {expected.r, expected.g, expected.b, 255},
-                              tolerance);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {expected.r, expected.g, expected.b, 255},
+                                    tolerance);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorWithParentAlpha_Bug74220420) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorWithParentAlpha_Bug74220420) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> bufferLayer;
     sp<SurfaceControl> parentLayer;
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
@@ -1430,21 +1699,21 @@
             .setAlpha(parentLayer, alpha)
             .setLayer(parentLayer, mLayerZBase + 1)
             .apply();
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {expected.r, expected.g, expected.b, 255},
-                              tolerance);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), {expected.r, expected.g, expected.b, 255},
+                                    tolerance);
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetColorWithBuffer) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorWithBuffer) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> bufferLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferLayer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(bufferLayer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
 
     // color is ignored
     Transaction().setColor(bufferLayer, half3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)).apply();
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
 }
 
-TEST_P(LayerTypeTransactionTest, SetLayerStackBasic) {
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetLayerStackBasic) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1452,17 +1721,17 @@
     Transaction().setLayerStack(layer, mDisplayLayerStack + 1).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("non-existing layer stack");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     Transaction().setLayerStack(layer, mDisplayLayerStack).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("original layer stack");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetMatrixBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetMatrixBasic_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerQuadrant(layer, 32, 32, Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
@@ -1471,40 +1740,40 @@
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f).setPosition(layer, 0, 0).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("IDENTITY");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f).setPosition(layer, 32, 0).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("FLIP_H");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN, Color::RED, Color::WHITE,
-                                     Color::BLUE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN, Color::RED,
+                                           Color::WHITE, Color::BLUE);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f).setPosition(layer, 0, 32).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("FLIP_V");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE, Color::RED,
-                                     Color::GREEN);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE,
+                                           Color::RED, Color::GREEN);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f).setPosition(layer, 32, 0).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("ROT_90");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::RED, Color::WHITE,
-                                     Color::GREEN);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::RED,
+                                           Color::WHITE, Color::GREEN);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f).setPosition(layer, 0, 0).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("SCALE");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE, true /* filtered */);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE, true /* filtered */);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetMatrixBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetMatrixBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1517,40 +1786,40 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("IDENTITY");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("FLIP_H");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("FLIP_V");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("ROT_90");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE);
     }
 
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("SCALE");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetMatrixRot45_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetMatrixRot45_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerQuadrant(layer, 32, 32, Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
@@ -1560,7 +1829,7 @@
     const float trans = M_SQRT2 * 16.0f;
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, rot, rot, -rot, rot).setPosition(layer, trans, 0).apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     // check a 8x8 region inside each color
     auto get8x8Rect = [](int32_t centerX, int32_t centerY) {
         const int32_t halfL = 4;
@@ -1573,7 +1842,7 @@
     shot->expectColor(get8x8Rect(2 * unit, 3 * unit), Color::WHITE);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetMatrixWithResize_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetMatrixWithResize_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1582,7 +1851,7 @@
     Transaction().setMatrix(layer, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f).setSize(layer, 64, 64).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize pending");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         const Rect rect(0, 0, 32, 32);
         shot->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(rect, Color::BLACK);
@@ -1592,11 +1861,11 @@
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize applied");
         const Rect rect(0, 0, 128, 128);
-        screenshot()->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(rect, Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetMatrixWithScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetMatrixWithScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1607,10 +1876,10 @@
             .setSize(layer, 64, 64)
             .setOverrideScalingMode(layer, NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_WINDOW)
             .apply();
-    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 128, 128), Color::RED);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 128, 128), Color::RED);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetOverrideScalingModeBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetOverrideScalingModeBasic_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerQuadrant(layer, 32, 32, Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
@@ -1625,8 +1894,8 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("SCALE_TO_WINDOW");
-        screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 64, 16), Color::RED, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE,
-                                     Color::WHITE, true /* filtered */);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 64, 16), Color::RED, Color::GREEN,
+                                           Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE, true /* filtered */);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1643,19 +1912,19 @@
     ASSERT_GT(frameStats.refreshPeriodNano, static_cast<nsecs_t>(0));
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropBasic_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropBasic_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
     const Rect crop(8, 8, 24, 24);
 
     Transaction().setCrop_legacy(layer, crop).apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(crop, Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(crop, Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1663,12 +1932,12 @@
     const Rect crop(8, 8, 24, 24);
 
     Transaction().setCrop(layer, crop).apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropEmpty_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropEmpty_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1676,17 +1945,17 @@
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("empty rect");
         Transaction().setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(8, 8, 8, 8)).apply();
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("negative rect");
         Transaction().setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(8, 8, 0, 0)).apply();
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropEmpty_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropEmpty_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1695,28 +1964,28 @@
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("empty rect");
         Transaction().setCrop(layer, Rect(8, 8, 8, 8)).apply();
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("negative rect");
         Transaction().setCrop(layer, Rect(8, 8, 0, 0)).apply();
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropOutOfBounds_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
 
     Transaction().setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(-128, -64, 128, 64)).apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropOutOfBounds_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropOutOfBounds_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2,
                                                 ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1735,7 +2004,7 @@
     Transaction().setCrop(layer, Rect(-128, -128, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 4)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("out of bounds, negative (upper left) direction");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2), Color::BLUE);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2), Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -1746,7 +2015,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("out of bounds, positive (lower right) direction");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2), Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -1755,14 +2024,14 @@
     Transaction().setCrop(layer, Rect(-128, -128, -1, -1)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("Fully out of bounds");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 4), Color::BLUE);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, mDisplayHeight / 4, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight / 2),
                           Color::RED);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropWithTranslation_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropWithTranslation_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1770,12 +2039,12 @@
     const Point position(32, 32);
     const Rect crop(8, 8, 24, 24);
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, position.x, position.y).setCrop_legacy(layer, crop).apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(crop + position, Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(crop + position, Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropWithTranslation_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropWithTranslation_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1784,12 +2053,12 @@
     const Rect frame(32, 32, 64, 64);
     const Rect crop(8, 8, 24, 24);
     Transaction().setFrame(layer, frame).setCrop(layer, crop).apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(frame, Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(frame, Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropWithScale_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropWithScale_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1799,12 +2068,12 @@
             .setMatrix(layer, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f)
             .setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(8, 8, 24, 24))
             .apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropWithResize_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropWithResize_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1813,7 +2082,7 @@
     Transaction().setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(8, 8, 24, 24)).setSize(layer, 16, 16).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize pending");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(8, 8, 24, 24), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(8, 8, 24, 24), Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -1821,13 +2090,13 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 16, 16));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize applied");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(8, 8, 16, 16), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(8, 8, 16, 16), Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropWithNextResize_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropWithNextResize_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1839,32 +2108,32 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("waiting for next resize");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(4, 4, 12, 12)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("pending crop modified");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     Transaction().setSize(layer, 16, 16).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("resize pending");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 
     // finally resize
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 16, 16));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new crop applied");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(4, 4, 12, 12), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(4, 4, 12, 12), Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetCropWithNextResizeScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCropWithNextResizeScaleToWindow_BufferQueue) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1878,7 +2147,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new crop pending");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 16, 16), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 16, 16), Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -1889,13 +2158,13 @@
     Transaction().setPosition(layer, 0, 0).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new crop applied");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(4, 4, 12, 12), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(4, 4, 12, 12), Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1903,12 +2172,12 @@
     const Rect frame(8, 8, 24, 24);
 
     Transaction().setFrame(layer, frame).apply();
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(frame, Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(frame, Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameEmpty_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameEmpty_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1917,29 +2186,29 @@
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("empty rect");
         Transaction().setFrame(layer, Rect(8, 8, 8, 8)).apply();
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("negative rect");
         Transaction().setFrame(layer, Rect(8, 8, 0, 0)).apply();
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameDefaultParentless_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameDefaultParentless_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferStateLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 10, 10));
 
     // A parentless layer will default to a frame with the same size as the buffer
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 10, 10), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 10, 10), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameDefaultBSParent_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameDefaultBSParent_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parent, child;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             parent = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1953,12 +2222,12 @@
     Transaction().reparent(child, parent->getHandle()).apply();
 
     // A layer will default to the frame of its parent
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameDefaultBQParent_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameDefaultBQParent_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parent, child;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(parent = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(parent, Color::RED, 32, 32));
@@ -1970,12 +2239,12 @@
     Transaction().reparent(child, parent->getHandle()).apply();
 
     // A layer will default to the frame of its parent
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameUpdate_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameUpdate_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -1986,12 +2255,12 @@
 
     Transaction().setFrame(layer, Rect(16, 16, 48, 48)).apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(16, 16, 48, 48), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFrameOutsideBounds_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFrameOutsideBounds_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parent, child;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             parent = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2005,25 +2274,25 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferStateLayerColor(child, Color::BLUE, 10, 10));
     Transaction().setFrame(child, Rect(0, 16, 32, 32)).apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 16), Color::RED);
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 16, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetBufferBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBufferBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferStateLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetBufferMultipleBuffers_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBufferMultipleBuffers_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2032,7 +2301,7 @@
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set buffer 1");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -2041,7 +2310,7 @@
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set buffer 2");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
@@ -2050,13 +2319,13 @@
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set buffer 3");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
         shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetBufferMultipleLayers_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBufferMultipleLayers_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer1;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer1 = createLayer("test", 64, 64, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2070,7 +2339,7 @@
     Transaction().setFrame(layer1, Rect(0, 0, 64, 64)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set layer 1 buffer red");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 64, 64), Color::RED);
     }
 
@@ -2079,7 +2348,7 @@
     Transaction().setFrame(layer2, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32)).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set layer 2 buffer blue");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 32, 64, 64), Color::RED);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 32, 32, 64), Color::RED);
@@ -2088,7 +2357,7 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferStateLayerColor(layer1, Color::GREEN, 64, 64));
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set layer 1 buffer green");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 32, 64, 64), Color::GREEN);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 32, 32, 64), Color::GREEN);
@@ -2098,14 +2367,14 @@
 
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("set layer 2 buffer white");
-        auto shot = screenshot();
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::WHITE);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 32, 64, 64), Color::GREEN);
         shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 32, 32, 64), Color::GREEN);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransformRotate90_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransformRotate90_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2118,11 +2387,11 @@
             .setTransform(layer, NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_90)
             .apply();
 
-    screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::RED, Color::WHITE,
-                                 Color::GREEN, true /* filtered */);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::RED, Color::WHITE,
+                                       Color::GREEN, true /* filtered */);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransformFlipH_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransformFlipH_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2135,11 +2404,11 @@
             .setTransform(layer, NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H)
             .apply();
 
-    screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN, Color::RED, Color::WHITE,
-                                 Color::BLUE, true /* filtered */);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::GREEN, Color::RED, Color::WHITE,
+                                       Color::BLUE, true /* filtered */);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransformFlipV_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetTransformFlipV_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2152,8 +2421,8 @@
             .setTransform(layer, NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V)
             .apply();
 
-    screenshot()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE, Color::RED,
-                                 Color::GREEN, true /* filtered */);
+    getScreenCapture()->expectQuadrant(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLUE, Color::WHITE, Color::RED,
+                                       Color::GREEN, true /* filtered */);
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetTransformToDisplayInverse_BufferState) {
@@ -2168,7 +2437,7 @@
     Transaction().setTransformToDisplayInverse(layer, true).apply();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFenceBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFenceBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     Transaction transaction;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
@@ -2193,12 +2462,12 @@
     ASSERT_NE(static_cast<status_t>(Fence::Status::Unsignaled), status);
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(200ms);
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetFenceNull_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetFenceNull_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2217,12 +2486,77 @@
             .setAcquireFence(layer, fence)
             .apply();
 
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+    shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+    shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorDataspace_ColorLayer_NoEffect) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 0, 0, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceColor));
+    half3 color;
+    color.r = 1.0f;
+    color.g = 0.0f;
+    color.b = 0.0f;
+    Transaction()
+            .setCrop_legacy(layer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32))
+            .setColor(layer, color)
+            .setDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN)
+            .setColorDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::BT2020_ITU)
+            .apply();
+
+    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorDataspace_BufferQueue_NoEffect) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferQueueLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    Transaction()
+            .setDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN)
+            .setColorDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::BT2020_ITU)
+            .apply();
+
+    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorDataspace_BufferState_ColorLayer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+
+    half3 color;
+    color.r = 1.0f;
+    color.g = 0.0f;
+    color.b = 0.0f;
+    Transaction()
+            .setFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32))
+            .setColor(layer, color)
+            .setColorDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::BT2020_ITU)
+            .apply();
     auto shot = screenshot();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetDataspaceBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorDataspace_BufferState_NoColorLayer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBufferStateLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
+
+    Transaction()
+            .setFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, 32, 32))
+            .setDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN)
+            .setColorDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::DCI_P3)
+            .apply();
+
+    screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetDataspaceBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2239,12 +2573,12 @@
             .setDataspace(layer, ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN)
             .apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetHdrMetadataBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetHdrMetadataBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2263,12 +2597,12 @@
             .setHdrMetadata(layer, hdrMetadata)
             .apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetSurfaceDamageRegionBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetSurfaceDamageRegionBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2287,12 +2621,12 @@
             .setSurfaceDamageRegion(layer, region)
             .apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetApiBasic_BufferState) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetApiBasic_BufferState) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
@@ -2309,7 +2643,7 @@
             .setApi(layer, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU)
             .apply();
 
-    auto shot = screenshot();
+    auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     shot->expectBorder(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
 }
@@ -2518,7 +2852,7 @@
     }
 };
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorTransformBasic) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorTransformBasic) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(colorLayer =
                                     createLayer("test", 0 /* buffer width */, 0 /* buffer height */,
@@ -2529,7 +2863,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("default color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     const half3 color(50.0f / 255.0f, 100.0f / 255.0f, 150.0f / 255.0f);
@@ -2561,11 +2895,11 @@
         .setColorTransform(colorLayer, matrix, vec3()).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorTransformOnParent) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorTransformOnParent) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parentLayer;
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(parentLayer = createLayer("parent", 0 /* buffer width */,
@@ -2582,7 +2916,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("default color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     const half3 color(50.0f / 255.0f, 100.0f / 255.0f, 150.0f / 255.0f);
@@ -2616,11 +2950,11 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LayerTransactionTest, SetColorTransformOnChildAndParent) {
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetColorTransformOnChildAndParent) {
     sp<SurfaceControl> parentLayer;
     sp<SurfaceControl> colorLayer;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(parentLayer = createLayer("parent", 0 /* buffer width */,
@@ -2637,7 +2971,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("default color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::BLACK);
     }
 
     const half3 color(50.0f / 255.0f, 100.0f / 255.0f, 150.0f / 255.0f);
@@ -2677,7 +3011,7 @@
             .apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("new color");
-        screenshot()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
+        getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index 79fb034..dd90063 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -220,12 +220,6 @@
 
     // EventThread should not enable vsync callbacks.
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
-
-    // Use the received callback to signal a vsync event.
-    // The event should not be received by the interceptor nor the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mInterceptVSyncCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncPostsASingleVSyncEventToTheConnection) {
diff --git a/services/vr/bufferhubd/include/private/dvr/producer_channel.h b/services/vr/bufferhubd/include/private/dvr/producer_channel.h
index 96ef1a2..45593ad 100644
--- a/services/vr/bufferhubd/include/private/dvr/producer_channel.h
+++ b/services/vr/bufferhubd/include/private/dvr/producer_channel.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
   bool CheckParameters(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layer_count,
                        uint32_t format, uint64_t usage,
-                       size_t user_metadata_size);
+                       size_t user_metadata_size) const;
 
  private:
   std::vector<ConsumerChannel*> consumer_channels_;
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@
   // This function is used for clean up for failures in CreateConsumer method.
   void RemoveConsumerClientMask(uint32_t consumer_state_mask);
 
+  // Checks whether the buffer is released by all active clients, excluding
+  // orphaned consumers.
+  bool IsBufferReleasedByAllActiveClientsExceptForOrphans() const;
+
   ProducerChannel(const ProducerChannel&) = delete;
   void operator=(const ProducerChannel&) = delete;
 };
diff --git a/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp b/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp
index 895dee0..164d9e6 100644
--- a/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp
@@ -333,7 +333,10 @@
 
   uint32_t current_buffer_state =
       buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-  if (BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased(current_buffer_state) ||
+  // Return the consumer channel handle without signal when adding the new
+  // consumer to a buffer that is available to producer (a.k.a a fully-released
+  // buffer) or a gained buffer.
+  if (current_buffer_state == 0U ||
       BufferHubDefs::AnyClientGained(current_buffer_state)) {
     return {status.take()};
   }
@@ -356,7 +359,7 @@
           ". About to try again if the buffer is still not gained nor fully "
           "released.",
           __FUNCTION__, current_buffer_state, updated_buffer_state);
-      if (BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased(current_buffer_state) ||
+      if (current_buffer_state == 0U ||
           BufferHubDefs::AnyClientGained(current_buffer_state)) {
         ALOGI("%s: buffer is gained or fully released, state=%" PRIx32 ".",
               __FUNCTION__, current_buffer_state);
@@ -536,14 +539,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  uint32_t current_buffer_state =
-      buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-  uint32_t current_active_clients_bit_mask =
-      active_clients_bit_mask_->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-  // Signal producer if all current active consumers have released the buffer.
-  if (BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased(current_buffer_state &
-                                      ~orphaned_consumer_bit_mask_ &
-                                      current_active_clients_bit_mask)) {
+  if (IsBufferReleasedByAllActiveClientsExceptForOrphans()) {
     buffer_state_->store(0U);
     SignalAvailable();
     if (orphaned_consumer_bit_mask_) {
@@ -568,14 +564,7 @@
            __FUNCTION__, consumer_state_mask);
   orphaned_consumer_bit_mask_ |= consumer_state_mask;
 
-  uint32_t current_buffer_state =
-      buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-  uint32_t current_active_clients_bit_mask =
-      active_clients_bit_mask_->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-  // Signal producer if all current active consumers have released the buffer.
-  if (BufferHubDefs::IsBufferReleased(current_buffer_state &
-                                      ~orphaned_consumer_bit_mask_ &
-                                      current_active_clients_bit_mask)) {
+  if (IsBufferReleasedByAllActiveClientsExceptForOrphans()) {
     buffer_state_->store(0U);
     SignalAvailable();
   }
@@ -667,12 +656,19 @@
 bool ProducerChannel::CheckParameters(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                       uint32_t layer_count, uint32_t format,
                                       uint64_t usage,
-                                      size_t user_metadata_size) {
+                                      size_t user_metadata_size) const {
   return user_metadata_size == user_metadata_size_ &&
          buffer_.width() == width && buffer_.height() == height &&
          buffer_.layer_count() == layer_count && buffer_.format() == format &&
          buffer_.usage() == usage;
 }
 
+bool ProducerChannel::IsBufferReleasedByAllActiveClientsExceptForOrphans()
+    const {
+  return (buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire) &
+          ~orphaned_consumer_bit_mask_ &
+          active_clients_bit_mask_->load(std::memory_order_acquire)) == 0U;
+}
+
 }  // namespace dvr
 }  // namespace android