diff --git a/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp b/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp
index ca9c608..aeca12b 100644
--- a/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp
@@ -123,13 +123,10 @@
         const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId, const String16& message) {
     sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
     int32_t mode = service != nullptr
-            ? service->noteOperation(op, uid, callingPackage, featureId)
+            ? service->noteOperation(op, uid, callingPackage, featureId, shouldCollectNotes(op),
+                    message)
             : APP_OPS_MANAGER_UNAVAILABLE_MODE;
 
-    if (mode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED) {
-        markAppOpNoted(uid, callingPackage, op, featureId, message);
-    }
-
     return mode;
 }
 
@@ -145,11 +142,8 @@
     sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
     int32_t mode = service != nullptr
             ? service->startOperation(getClientId(), op, uid, callingPackage,
-                    featureId, startIfModeDefault) : APP_OPS_MANAGER_UNAVAILABLE_MODE;
-
-    if (mode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED) {
-        markAppOpNoted(uid, callingPackage, op, featureId, message);
-    }
+                    featureId, startIfModeDefault, shouldCollectNotes(op), message)
+            : APP_OPS_MANAGER_UNAVAILABLE_MODE;
 
     return mode;
 }
@@ -196,40 +190,17 @@
     }
 }
 
+// check it the appops needs to be collected and cache result
 bool AppOpsManager::shouldCollectNotes(int32_t opcode) {
-    sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
-    if (service != nullptr) {
-        return service->shouldCollectNotes(opcode);
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-void AppOpsManager::markAppOpNoted(int32_t uid, const String16& packageName, int32_t opCode,
-         const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId, const String16& message) {
-    // check it the appops needs to be collected and cache result
-    if (appOpsToNote[opCode] == 0) {
-        if (shouldCollectNotes(opCode)) {
-            appOpsToNote[opCode] = 2;
+    if (appOpsToNote[opcode] == 0) {
+        if (getService()->shouldCollectNotes(opcode)) {
+            appOpsToNote[opcode] = 2;
         } else {
-            appOpsToNote[opCode] = 1;
+            appOpsToNote[opcode] = 1;
         }
     }
 
-    if (appOpsToNote[opCode] != 2) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    noteAsyncOp(std::unique_ptr<String16>(), uid, packageName, opCode, featureId, message);
-}
-
-void AppOpsManager::noteAsyncOp(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& callingPackageName, int32_t uid,
-         const String16& packageName, int32_t opCode, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId,
-         const String16& message) {
-    sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
-    if (service != nullptr) {
-        return service->noteAsyncOp(callingPackageName, uid, packageName, opCode, featureId,
-                message);
-    }
+    return appOpsToNote[opcode] == 2;
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp b/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp
index 7384466..a5555a3 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp
@@ -47,13 +47,16 @@
     }
 
     virtual int32_t noteOperation(int32_t code, int32_t uid, const String16& packageName,
-                const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId) {
+                const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp,
+                const String16& message) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
         data.writeInt32(code);
         data.writeInt32(uid);
         data.writeString16(packageName);
         data.writeString16(featureId);
+        data.writeInt32(shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp ? 1 : 0);
+        data.writeString16(message);
         remote()->transact(NOTE_OPERATION_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
         // fail on exception
         if (reply.readExceptionCode() != 0) return MODE_ERRORED;
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@
 
     virtual int32_t startOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
                 const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId,
-                bool startIfModeDefault) {
+                bool startIfModeDefault, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp, const String16& message) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
         data.writeStrongBinder(token);
@@ -71,6 +74,8 @@
         data.writeString16(packageName);
         data.writeString16(featureId);
         data.writeInt32(startIfModeDefault ? 1 : 0);
+        data.writeInt32(shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp ? 1 : 0);
+        data.writeString16(message);
         remote()->transact(START_OPERATION_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
         // fail on exception
         if (reply.readExceptionCode() != 0) return MODE_ERRORED;
@@ -139,20 +144,6 @@
         remote()->transact(SET_CAMERA_AUDIO_RESTRICTION_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
     }
 
-    virtual void noteAsyncOp(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& callingPackageName, int32_t uid,
-            const String16& packageName, int32_t opCode, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId,
-            const String16& message) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeString16(callingPackageName);
-        data.writeInt32(uid);
-        data.writeString16(packageName);
-        data.writeInt32(opCode);
-        data.writeString16(featureId);
-        data.writeString16(message);
-        remote()->transact(NOTE_ASYNC_OP_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
-    }
-
     virtual bool shouldCollectNotes(int32_t opCode) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
@@ -193,7 +184,10 @@
             String16 packageName = data.readString16();
             std::unique_ptr<String16> featureId;
             data.readString16(&featureId);
-            int32_t res = noteOperation(code, uid, packageName, featureId);
+            bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp = data.readInt32() == 1;
+            String16 message = data.readString16();
+            int32_t res = noteOperation(code, uid, packageName, featureId,
+                    shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp, message);
             reply->writeNoException();
             reply->writeInt32(res);
             return NO_ERROR;
@@ -207,8 +201,10 @@
             std::unique_ptr<String16> featureId;
             data.readString16(&featureId);
             bool startIfModeDefault = data.readInt32() == 1;
+            bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp = data.readInt32() == 1;
+            String16 message = data.readString16();
             int32_t res = startOperation(token, code, uid, packageName, featureId,
-                    startIfModeDefault);
+                    startIfModeDefault, shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp, message);
             reply->writeNoException();
             reply->writeInt32(res);
             return NO_ERROR;
@@ -267,20 +263,6 @@
             reply->writeNoException();
             return NO_ERROR;
         } break;
-        case NOTE_ASYNC_OP_TRANSACTION: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IAppOpsService, data, reply);
-            std::unique_ptr<String16> callingPackageName;
-            data.readString16(&callingPackageName);
-            int32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            String16 packageName = data.readString16();
-            int32_t opCode = data.readInt32();
-            std::unique_ptr<String16> featureId;
-            data.readString16(&featureId);
-            String16 message = data.readString16();
-            noteAsyncOp(callingPackageName, uid, packageName, opCode, featureId, message);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        } break;
         case SHOULD_COLLECT_NOTES_TRANSACTION: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IAppOpsService, data, reply);
             int32_t opCode = data.readInt32();
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
index 22a0179..5b6eb68 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
@@ -151,17 +151,12 @@
     void stopWatchingMode(const sp<IAppOpsCallback>& callback);
     int32_t permissionToOpCode(const String16& permission);
     void setCameraAudioRestriction(int32_t mode);
-    void noteAsyncOp(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& callingPackageName, int32_t uid,
-            const String16& packageName, int32_t opCode, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId,
-            const String16& message);
 
 private:
     Mutex mLock;
     sp<IAppOpsService> mService;
 
     sp<IAppOpsService> getService();
-    void markAppOpNoted(int32_t uid, const String16& packageName, int32_t opCode,
-            const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId, const String16& message);
     bool shouldCollectNotes(int32_t opCode);
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h
index 68a917e..1b4bcce 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h
@@ -36,10 +36,11 @@
 
     virtual int32_t checkOperation(int32_t code, int32_t uid, const String16& packageName) = 0;
     virtual int32_t noteOperation(int32_t code, int32_t uid, const String16& packageName,
-            const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId) = 0;
+            const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp,
+            const String16& message) = 0;
     virtual int32_t startOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
             const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId,
-            bool startIfModeDefault) = 0;
+            bool startIfModeDefault, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp, const String16& message) = 0;
     virtual void finishOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
             const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId) = 0;
     virtual void startWatchingMode(int32_t op, const String16& packageName,
@@ -49,9 +50,6 @@
     virtual int32_t checkAudioOperation(int32_t code, int32_t usage,int32_t uid,
             const String16& packageName) = 0;
     virtual void setCameraAudioRestriction(int32_t mode) = 0;
-    virtual void noteAsyncOp(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& callingPackageName, int32_t uid,
-            const String16& packageName, int32_t opCode, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& featureId,
-            const String16& message) = 0;
     virtual bool shouldCollectNotes(int32_t opCode) = 0;
 
     enum {
@@ -63,9 +61,8 @@
         STOP_WATCHING_MODE_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+5,
         PERMISSION_TO_OP_CODE_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+6,
         CHECK_AUDIO_OPERATION_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+7,
-        NOTE_ASYNC_OP_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+8,
-        SHOULD_COLLECT_NOTES_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+9,
-        SET_CAMERA_AUDIO_RESTRICTION_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+10,
+        SHOULD_COLLECT_NOTES_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+8,
+        SET_CAMERA_AUDIO_RESTRICTION_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+9,
     };
 
     enum {
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.cpp b/libs/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.cpp
index 85137f5..f2d0943 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.cpp
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
     if ((status = parcel->writeInt64Vector(angleDriverLoadingTime)) != OK) return status;
     if ((status = parcel->writeBool(cpuVulkanInUse)) != OK) return status;
     if ((status = parcel->writeBool(falsePrerotation)) != OK) return status;
+    if ((status = parcel->writeBool(gles1InUse)) != OK) return status;
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
     if ((status = parcel->readInt64Vector(&angleDriverLoadingTime)) != OK) return status;
     if ((status = parcel->readBool(&cpuVulkanInUse)) != OK) return status;
     if ((status = parcel->readBool(&falsePrerotation)) != OK) return status;
+    if ((status = parcel->readBool(&gles1InUse)) != OK) return status;
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "driverVersionCode = %" PRIu64 "\n", driverVersionCode);
     StringAppendF(&result, "cpuVulkanInUse = %d\n", cpuVulkanInUse);
     StringAppendF(&result, "falsePrerotation = %d\n", falsePrerotation);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "gles1InUse = %d\n", gles1InUse);
     result.append("glDriverLoadingTime:");
     for (int32_t loadingTime : glDriverLoadingTime) {
         StringAppendF(&result, " %d", loadingTime);
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.h b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.h
index 7959652..9aba69f 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.h
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GpuStatsInfo.h
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
     std::vector<int64_t> angleDriverLoadingTime = {};
     bool cpuVulkanInUse = false;
     bool falsePrerotation = false;
+    bool gles1InUse = false;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@
     enum Stats {
         CPU_VULKAN_IN_USE = 0,
         FALSE_PREROTATION = 1,
+        GLES_1_IN_USE = 2,
     };
 
     GpuStatsInfo() = default;
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
index 1fc7927..5162ba4 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
@@ -984,6 +984,8 @@
                     if (attr == EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION) {
                         if (value == 1) {
                             version = egl_connection_t::GLESv1_INDEX;
+                            android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().setTargetStats(
+                                    android::GpuStatsInfo::Stats::GLES_1_IN_USE);
                         } else if (value == 2 || value == 3) {
                             version = egl_connection_t::GLESv2_INDEX;
                         }
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/gpustats/GpuStats.cpp b/services/gpuservice/gpustats/GpuStats.cpp
index 67babd4..7fff6ed 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/gpustats/GpuStats.cpp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/gpustats/GpuStats.cpp
@@ -145,6 +145,9 @@
         case GpuStatsInfo::Stats::FALSE_PREROTATION:
             mAppStats[appStatsKey].falsePrerotation = true;
             break;
+        case GpuStatsInfo::Stats::GLES_1_IN_USE:
+            mAppStats[appStatsKey].gles1InUse = true;
+            break;
         default:
             break;
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
index c4f91be..12b0ddd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@
 using android::Rect;
 using android::Region;
 using android::sp;
-using android::hardware::Return;
-using android::hardware::Void;
 
 namespace HWC2 {
 
@@ -60,188 +58,8 @@
     return keys.find(key) != keys.end();
 }
 
-class ComposerCallbackBridge : public Hwc2::IComposerCallback {
-public:
-    ComposerCallbackBridge(ComposerCallback* callback, int32_t sequenceId,
-                           bool vsyncSwitchingSupported)
-          : mCallback(callback),
-            mSequenceId(sequenceId),
-            mVsyncSwitchingSupported(vsyncSwitchingSupported) {}
-
-    Return<void> onHotplug(Hwc2::Display display,
-                           IComposerCallback::Connection conn) override
-    {
-        HWC2::Connection connection = static_cast<HWC2::Connection>(conn);
-        mCallback->onHotplugReceived(mSequenceId, display, connection);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    Return<void> onRefresh(Hwc2::Display display) override
-    {
-        mCallback->onRefreshReceived(mSequenceId, display);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    Return<void> onVsync(Hwc2::Display display, int64_t timestamp) override
-    {
-        if (!mVsyncSwitchingSupported) {
-            mCallback->onVsyncReceived(mSequenceId, display, timestamp, std::nullopt);
-        } else {
-            ALOGW("Unexpected onVsync callback on composer >= 2.4, ignoring.");
-        }
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    Return<void> onVsync_2_4(Hwc2::Display display, int64_t timestamp,
-                             Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos vsyncPeriodNanos) override {
-        if (mVsyncSwitchingSupported) {
-            // TODO(b/140201379): use vsyncPeriodNanos in the new DispSync
-            mCallback->onVsyncReceived(mSequenceId, display, timestamp,
-                                       std::make_optional(vsyncPeriodNanos));
-        } else {
-            ALOGW("Unexpected onVsync_2_4 callback on composer <= 2.3, ignoring.");
-        }
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    Return<void> onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
-            Hwc2::Display display,
-            const Hwc2::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& updatedTimeline) override {
-        hwc_vsync_period_change_timeline_t timeline;
-        timeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos = updatedTimeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos;
-        timeline.refreshRequired = updatedTimeline.refreshRequired;
-        timeline.refreshTimeNanos = updatedTimeline.refreshTimeNanos;
-        mCallback->onVsyncPeriodTimingChangedReceived(mSequenceId, display, timeline);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-private:
-    ComposerCallback* mCallback;
-    int32_t mSequenceId;
-    const bool mVsyncSwitchingSupported;
-};
-
 } // namespace anonymous
 
-
-// Device methods
-
-Device::Device(std::unique_ptr<android::Hwc2::Composer> composer) : mComposer(std::move(composer)) {
-    loadCapabilities();
-}
-
-void Device::registerCallback(ComposerCallback* callback, int32_t sequenceId) {
-    if (mRegisteredCallback) {
-        ALOGW("Callback already registered. Ignored extra registration "
-                "attempt.");
-        return;
-    }
-    mRegisteredCallback = true;
-    sp<ComposerCallbackBridge> callbackBridge(
-            new ComposerCallbackBridge(callback, sequenceId,
-                                       mComposer->isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported()));
-    mComposer->registerCallback(callbackBridge);
-}
-
-// Required by HWC2 device
-
-std::string Device::dump() const
-{
-    return mComposer->dumpDebugInfo();
-}
-
-uint32_t Device::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() const
-{
-    return mComposer->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
-}
-
-Error Device::getDisplayIdentificationData(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                           std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) const {
-    auto intError = mComposer->getDisplayIdentificationData(hwcDisplayId, outPort, outData);
-    return static_cast<Error>(intError);
-}
-
-Error Device::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-        PixelFormat* format, Display** outDisplay)
-{
-    ALOGI("Creating virtual display");
-
-    hwc2_display_t displayId = 0;
-    auto intError = mComposer->createVirtualDisplay(width, height,
-            format, &displayId);
-    auto error = static_cast<Error>(intError);
-    if (error != Error::None) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    auto display = std::make_unique<impl::Display>(*mComposer.get(), mCapabilities, displayId,
-                                                   DisplayType::Virtual);
-    display->setConnected(true);
-    *outDisplay = display.get();
-    mDisplays.emplace(displayId, std::move(display));
-    ALOGI("Created virtual display");
-    return Error::None;
-}
-
-void Device::destroyDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId)
-{
-    ALOGI("Destroying display %" PRIu64, displayId);
-    mDisplays.erase(displayId);
-}
-
-void Device::onHotplug(hwc2_display_t displayId, Connection connection) {
-    if (connection == Connection::Connected) {
-        // If we get a hotplug connected event for a display we already have,
-        // destroy the display and recreate it. This will force us to requery
-        // the display params and recreate all layers on that display.
-        auto oldDisplay = getDisplayById(displayId);
-        if (oldDisplay != nullptr && oldDisplay->isConnected()) {
-            ALOGI("Hotplug connecting an already connected display."
-                    " Clearing old display state.");
-        }
-        mDisplays.erase(displayId);
-
-        auto newDisplay = std::make_unique<impl::Display>(*mComposer.get(), mCapabilities,
-                                                          displayId, DisplayType::Physical);
-        newDisplay->setConnected(true);
-        mDisplays.emplace(displayId, std::move(newDisplay));
-    } else if (connection == Connection::Disconnected) {
-        // The display will later be destroyed by a call to
-        // destroyDisplay(). For now we just mark it disconnected.
-        auto display = getDisplayById(displayId);
-        if (display) {
-            display->setConnected(false);
-        } else {
-            ALOGW("Attempted to disconnect unknown display %" PRIu64,
-                  displayId);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Other Device methods
-
-Display* Device::getDisplayById(hwc2_display_t id) {
-    auto iter = mDisplays.find(id);
-    return iter == mDisplays.end() ? nullptr : iter->second.get();
-}
-
-// Device initialization methods
-
-void Device::loadCapabilities()
-{
-    static_assert(sizeof(Capability) == sizeof(int32_t),
-            "Capability size has changed");
-    auto capabilities = mComposer->getCapabilities();
-    for (auto capability : capabilities) {
-        mCapabilities.emplace(static_cast<Capability>(capability));
-    }
-}
-
-Error Device::flushCommands()
-{
-    return static_cast<Error>(mComposer->executeCommands());
-}
-
 // Display methods
 Display::~Display() = default;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
index 59f36d0..8b532e3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 
 namespace HWC2 {
 
-class Display;
 class Layer;
 using VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints = hwc_vsync_period_change_constraints_t;
 using VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline = hwc_vsync_period_change_timeline_t;
@@ -81,56 +80,6 @@
     virtual ~ComposerCallback() = default;
 };
 
-// C++ Wrapper around hwc2_device_t. Load all functions pointers
-// and handle callback registration.
-class Device
-{
-public:
-    explicit Device(std::unique_ptr<android::Hwc2::Composer> composer);
-
-    void registerCallback(ComposerCallback* callback, int32_t sequenceId);
-
-    // Required by HWC2
-
-    std::string dump() const;
-
-    const std::unordered_set<Capability>& getCapabilities() const {
-        return mCapabilities;
-    };
-
-    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() const;
-    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) const;
-
-    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-            android::ui::PixelFormat* format, Display** outDisplay);
-    void destroyDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId);
-
-    void onHotplug(hwc2_display_t displayId, Connection connection);
-
-    // Other Device methods
-
-    Display* getDisplayById(hwc2_display_t id);
-
-    android::Hwc2::Composer* getComposer() { return mComposer.get(); }
-
-    // We buffer most state changes and flush them implicitly with
-    // Display::validate, Display::present, and Display::presentOrValidate.
-    // This method provides an explicit way to flush state changes to HWC.
-    Error flushCommands();
-
-private:
-    // Initialization methods
-
-    void loadCapabilities();
-
-    // Member variables
-    std::unique_ptr<android::Hwc2::Composer> mComposer;
-    std::unordered_set<Capability> mCapabilities;
-    std::unordered_map<hwc2_display_t, std::unique_ptr<Display>> mDisplays;
-    bool mRegisteredCallback = false;
-};
-
 // Convenience C++ class to access hwc2_device_t Display functions directly.
 class Display {
 public:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index 9accefb..0a7009b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -65,14 +65,88 @@
 #define RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, ...) \
     RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR(__FUNCTION__, error, displayId, __VA_ARGS__)
 
+namespace {
+
+using android::hardware::Return;
+using android::hardware::Void;
+
+class ComposerCallbackBridge : public android::Hwc2::IComposerCallback {
+public:
+    ComposerCallbackBridge(HWC2::ComposerCallback* callback, int32_t sequenceId,
+                           bool vsyncSwitchingSupported)
+          : mCallback(callback),
+            mSequenceId(sequenceId),
+            mVsyncSwitchingSupported(vsyncSwitchingSupported) {}
+
+    android::hardware::Return<void> onHotplug(
+            android::Hwc2::Display display,
+            android::Hwc2::IComposerCallback::Connection conn) override {
+        HWC2::Connection connection = static_cast<HWC2::Connection>(conn);
+        mCallback->onHotplugReceived(mSequenceId, display, connection);
+        return android::hardware::Void();
+    }
+
+    android::hardware::Return<void> onRefresh(android::Hwc2::Display display) override {
+        mCallback->onRefreshReceived(mSequenceId, display);
+        return android::hardware::Void();
+    }
+
+    android::hardware::Return<void> onVsync(android::Hwc2::Display display,
+                                            int64_t timestamp) override {
+        if (!mVsyncSwitchingSupported) {
+            mCallback->onVsyncReceived(mSequenceId, display, timestamp, std::nullopt);
+        } else {
+            ALOGW("Unexpected onVsync callback on composer >= 2.4, ignoring.");
+        }
+        return android::hardware::Void();
+    }
+
+    android::hardware::Return<void> onVsync_2_4(
+            android::Hwc2::Display display, int64_t timestamp,
+            android::Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos vsyncPeriodNanos) override {
+        if (mVsyncSwitchingSupported) {
+            // TODO(b/140201379): use vsyncPeriodNanos in the new DispSync
+            mCallback->onVsyncReceived(mSequenceId, display, timestamp,
+                                       std::make_optional(vsyncPeriodNanos));
+        } else {
+            ALOGW("Unexpected onVsync_2_4 callback on composer <= 2.3, ignoring.");
+        }
+        return android::hardware::Void();
+    }
+
+    android::hardware::Return<void> onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
+            android::Hwc2::Display display,
+            const android::Hwc2::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& updatedTimeline) override {
+        hwc_vsync_period_change_timeline_t timeline;
+        timeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos = updatedTimeline.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos;
+        timeline.refreshRequired = updatedTimeline.refreshRequired;
+        timeline.refreshTimeNanos = updatedTimeline.refreshTimeNanos;
+        mCallback->onVsyncPeriodTimingChangedReceived(mSequenceId, display, timeline);
+        return android::hardware::Void();
+    }
+
+private:
+    HWC2::ComposerCallback* mCallback;
+    const int32_t mSequenceId;
+    const bool mVsyncSwitchingSupported;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
 namespace android {
 
 HWComposer::~HWComposer() = default;
 
 namespace impl {
 
-HWComposer::HWComposer(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer> composer)
-      : mHwcDevice(std::make_unique<HWC2::Device>(std::move(composer))) {}
+HWComposer::HWComposer(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer> composer) : mComposer(std::move(composer)) {
+    loadCapabilities();
+}
+
+HWComposer::HWComposer(const std::string& composerServiceName)
+      : mComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::impl::Composer>(composerServiceName)) {
+    loadCapabilities();
+}
 
 HWComposer::~HWComposer() {
     mDisplayData.clear();
@@ -80,12 +154,21 @@
 
 void HWComposer::registerCallback(HWC2::ComposerCallback* callback,
                                   int32_t sequenceId) {
-    mHwcDevice->registerCallback(callback, sequenceId);
+    if (mRegisteredCallback) {
+        ALOGW("Callback already registered. Ignored extra registration attempt.");
+        return;
+    }
+    mRegisteredCallback = true;
+    sp<ComposerCallbackBridge> callbackBridge(
+            new ComposerCallbackBridge(callback, sequenceId,
+                                       mComposer->isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported()));
+    mComposer->registerCallback(callbackBridge);
 }
 
 bool HWComposer::getDisplayIdentificationData(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, uint8_t* outPort,
                                               DisplayIdentificationData* outData) const {
-    const auto error = mHwcDevice->getDisplayIdentificationData(hwcDisplayId, outPort, outData);
+    const auto error = static_cast<HWC2::Error>(
+            mComposer->getDisplayIdentificationData(hwcDisplayId, outPort, outData));
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         if (error != HWC2::Error::Unsupported) {
             LOG_HWC_DISPLAY_ERROR(hwcDisplayId, to_string(error).c_str());
@@ -95,9 +178,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool HWComposer::hasCapability(HWC2::Capability capability) const
-{
-    return mHwcDevice->getCapabilities().count(capability) > 0;
+bool HWComposer::hasCapability(HWC2::Capability capability) const {
+    return mCapabilities.count(capability) > 0;
 }
 
 bool HWComposer::hasDisplayCapability(const std::optional<DisplayId>& displayId,
@@ -133,13 +215,33 @@
           hwcDisplayId == mInternalHwcDisplayId ? "internal" : "external",
           to_string(info->id).c_str(), hwcDisplayId);
 
-    mHwcDevice->onHotplug(hwcDisplayId, connection);
-
-    // Disconnect is handled through HWComposer::disconnectDisplay via
-    // SurfaceFlinger's onHotplugReceived callback handling
     if (connection == HWC2::Connection::Connected) {
-        mDisplayData[info->id].hwcDisplay = mHwcDevice->getDisplayById(hwcDisplayId);
+        auto& displayData = mDisplayData[info->id];
+        // If we get a hotplug connected event for a display we already have,
+        // destroy the display and recreate it. This will force us to requery
+        // the display params and recreate all layers on that display.
+        if (displayData.hwcDisplay != nullptr && displayData.hwcDisplay->isConnected()) {
+            ALOGI("Hotplug connecting an already connected display."
+                  " Clearing old display state.");
+        }
+        displayData.hwcDisplay.reset();
+        auto newDisplay =
+                std::make_unique<HWC2::impl::Display>(*mComposer.get(), mCapabilities, hwcDisplayId,
+                                                      HWC2::DisplayType::Physical);
+        newDisplay->setConnected(true);
+        displayData.hwcDisplay = std::move(newDisplay);
         mPhysicalDisplayIdMap[hwcDisplayId] = info->id;
+    } else if (connection == HWC2::Connection::Disconnected) {
+        // The display will later be destroyed by a call to
+        // destroyDisplay(). For now we just mark it disconnected.
+        auto& displayData = mDisplayData[info->id];
+        if (displayData.hwcDisplay) {
+            displayData.hwcDisplay->setConnected(false);
+        } else {
+            ALOGW("Attempted to disconnect unknown display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+        }
+        // The cleanup of Disconnect is handled through HWComposer::disconnectDisplay
+        // via SurfaceFlinger's onHotplugReceived callback handling
     }
 
     return info;
@@ -197,14 +299,18 @@
               height, SurfaceFlinger::maxVirtualDisplaySize);
         return {};
     }
-    HWC2::Display* display;
-    auto error = mHwcDevice->createVirtualDisplay(width, height, format,
-            &display);
+    hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId = 0;
+    const auto error = static_cast<HWC2::Error>(
+            mComposer->createVirtualDisplay(width, height, format, &hwcDisplayId));
     if (error != HWC2::Error::None) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to create HWC virtual display", __FUNCTION__);
         return {};
     }
 
+    auto display = std::make_unique<HWC2::impl::Display>(*mComposer.get(), mCapabilities,
+                                                         hwcDisplayId, HWC2::DisplayType::Virtual);
+    display->setConnected(true);
+
     DisplayId displayId;
     if (mFreeVirtualDisplayIds.empty()) {
         displayId = getVirtualDisplayId(mNextVirtualDisplayId++);
@@ -214,7 +320,7 @@
     }
 
     auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
-    displayData.hwcDisplay = display;
+    displayData.hwcDisplay = std::move(display);
     displayData.isVirtual = true;
 
     --mRemainingHwcVirtualDisplays;
@@ -224,9 +330,8 @@
 HWC2::Layer* HWComposer::createLayer(DisplayId displayId) {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, nullptr);
 
-    auto display = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay;
     HWC2::Layer* layer;
-    auto error = display->createLayer(&layer);
+    auto error = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay->createLayer(&layer);
     RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, nullptr);
     return layer;
 }
@@ -234,8 +339,7 @@
 void HWComposer::destroyLayer(DisplayId displayId, HWC2::Layer* layer) {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId);
 
-    auto display = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay;
-    auto error = display->destroyLayer(layer);
+    auto error = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay->destroyLayer(layer);
     RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId);
 }
 
@@ -484,8 +588,8 @@
 
     if (displayData.validateWasSkipped) {
         // explicitly flush all pending commands
-        auto error = mHwcDevice->flushCommands();
-        RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR("flushCommands", error, displayId, UNKNOWN_ERROR);
+        auto error = static_cast<HWC2::Error>(mComposer->executeCommands());
+        RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR("executeCommands", error, displayId, UNKNOWN_ERROR);
         RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR("present", displayData.presentError, displayId, UNKNOWN_ERROR);
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
@@ -600,8 +704,6 @@
     }
 
     const auto hwcDisplayId = displayData.hwcDisplay->getId();
-    mPhysicalDisplayIdMap.erase(hwcDisplayId);
-    mDisplayData.erase(displayId);
 
     // TODO(b/74619554): Select internal/external display from remaining displays.
     if (hwcDisplayId == mInternalHwcDisplayId) {
@@ -609,8 +711,8 @@
     } else if (hwcDisplayId == mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
         mExternalHwcDisplayId.reset();
     }
-
-    mHwcDevice->destroyDisplay(hwcDisplayId);
+    mPhysicalDisplayIdMap.erase(hwcDisplayId);
+    mDisplayData.erase(displayId);
 }
 
 status_t HWComposer::setOutputBuffer(DisplayId displayId, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence,
@@ -761,10 +863,7 @@
 }
 
 void HWComposer::dump(std::string& result) const {
-    // TODO: In order to provide a dump equivalent to HWC1, we need to shadow
-    // all the state going into the layers. This is probably better done in
-    // Layer itself, but it's going to take a bit of work to get there.
-    result.append(mHwcDevice->dump());
+    result.append(mComposer->dumpDebugInfo());
 }
 
 std::optional<DisplayId> HWComposer::toPhysicalDisplayId(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId) const {
@@ -830,5 +929,17 @@
                                                                            : "External display"};
 }
 
+void HWComposer::loadCapabilities() {
+    static_assert(sizeof(HWC2::Capability) == sizeof(int32_t), "Capability size has changed");
+    auto capabilities = mComposer->getCapabilities();
+    for (auto capability : capabilities) {
+        mCapabilities.emplace(static_cast<HWC2::Capability>(capability));
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t HWComposer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() const {
+    return mComposer->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+}
+
 } // namespace impl
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index c51002c..a0dabb4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@
 class HWComposer final : public android::HWComposer {
 public:
     explicit HWComposer(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer> composer);
+    explicit HWComposer(const std::string& composerServiceName);
 
     ~HWComposer() override;
 
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@
     // for debugging ----------------------------------------------------------
     void dump(std::string& out) const override;
 
-    Hwc2::Composer* getComposer() const override { return mHwcDevice->getComposer(); }
+    Hwc2::Composer* getComposer() const override { return mComposer.get(); }
 
     // TODO(b/74619554): Remove special cases for internal/external display.
     std::optional<hwc2_display_t> getInternalHwcDisplayId() const override {
@@ -343,11 +344,12 @@
     friend TestableSurfaceFlinger;
 
     std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> onHotplugConnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId);
+    void loadCapabilities();
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() const;
 
     struct DisplayData {
         bool isVirtual = false;
-
-        HWC2::Display* hwcDisplay = nullptr;
+        std::unique_ptr<HWC2::Display> hwcDisplay;
         sp<Fence> lastPresentFence = Fence::NO_FENCE; // signals when the last set op retires
         std::unordered_map<HWC2::Layer*, sp<Fence>> releaseFences;
         buffer_handle_t outbufHandle = nullptr;
@@ -369,9 +371,9 @@
 
     std::unordered_map<DisplayId, DisplayData> mDisplayData;
 
-    // This must be destroyed before mDisplayData, because destructor may call back into HWComposer
-    // and look up DisplayData.
-    std::unique_ptr<HWC2::Device> mHwcDevice;
+    std::unique_ptr<android::Hwc2::Composer> mComposer;
+    std::unordered_set<HWC2::Capability> mCapabilities;
+    bool mRegisteredCallback = false;
 
     std::unordered_map<hwc2_display_t, DisplayId> mPhysicalDisplayIdMap;
     std::optional<hwc2_display_t> mInternalHwcDisplayId;
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@
 
     std::unordered_set<DisplayId> mFreeVirtualDisplayIds;
     uint32_t mNextVirtualDisplayId = 0;
-    uint32_t mRemainingHwcVirtualDisplays{mHwcDevice->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()};
+    uint32_t mRemainingHwcVirtualDisplays{getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()};
 };
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
index 571c9ca..bd4b0ec 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
@@ -27,16 +27,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-DispSyncSource::DispSyncSource(DispSync* dispSync, nsecs_t phaseOffset,
-                               nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync, bool traceVsync,
+DispSyncSource::DispSyncSource(DispSync* dispSync, nsecs_t phaseOffset, bool traceVsync,
                                const char* name)
       : mName(name),
         mValue(base::StringPrintf("VSYNC-%s", name), 0),
         mTraceVsync(traceVsync),
         mVsyncOnLabel(base::StringPrintf("VsyncOn-%s", name)),
         mDispSync(dispSync),
-        mPhaseOffset(base::StringPrintf("VsyncOffset-%s", name), phaseOffset),
-        mOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(offsetThresholdForNextVsync) {}
+        mPhaseOffset(base::StringPrintf("VsyncOffset-%s", name), phaseOffset) {}
 
 void DispSyncSource::setVSyncEnabled(bool enable) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsyncMutex);
@@ -67,10 +65,6 @@
 void DispSyncSource::setPhaseOffset(nsecs_t phaseOffset) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsyncMutex);
     const nsecs_t period = mDispSync->getPeriod();
-    // Check if offset should be handled as negative
-    if (phaseOffset >= mOffsetThresholdForNextVsync) {
-        phaseOffset -= period;
-    }
 
     // Normalize phaseOffset to [-period, period)
     const int numPeriods = phaseOffset / period;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h
index 536464e..328b8c1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
 
 class DispSyncSource final : public VSyncSource, private DispSync::Callback {
 public:
-    DispSyncSource(DispSync* dispSync, nsecs_t phaseOffset, nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
-                   bool traceVsync, const char* name);
+    DispSyncSource(DispSync* dispSync, nsecs_t phaseOffset, bool traceVsync, const char* name);
 
     ~DispSyncSource() override = default;
 
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@
 
     std::mutex mVsyncMutex;
     TracedOrdinal<nsecs_t> mPhaseOffset GUARDED_BY(mVsyncMutex);
-    const nsecs_t mOffsetThresholdForNextVsync;
     bool mEnabled GUARDED_BY(mVsyncMutex) = false;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/InjectVSyncSource.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/InjectVSyncSource.h
index 6c502e6..fa46e6f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/InjectVSyncSource.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/InjectVSyncSource.h
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
     const char* getName() const override { return "inject"; }
     void setVSyncEnabled(bool) override {}
     void setPhaseOffset(nsecs_t) override {}
-    void pauseVsyncCallback(bool) {}
 
 private:
     std::mutex mCallbackMutex;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
index 12832a6..4330742 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
@@ -35,45 +35,48 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-PhaseOffsets::~PhaseOffsets() = default;
+PhaseConfiguration::~PhaseConfiguration() = default;
 
 namespace impl {
 
-PhaseOffsets::PhaseOffsets() {
-    // Below defines the threshold when an offset is considered to be negative, i.e. targeting
-    // for the N+2 vsync instead of N+1. This means that:
-    // For offset < threshold, SF wake up (vsync_duration - offset) before HW vsync.
-    // For offset >= threshold, SF wake up (2 * vsync_duration - offset) before HW vsync.
-    const nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync =
-            getProperty("debug.sf.phase_offset_threshold_for_next_vsync_ns")
-                    .value_or(std::numeric_limits<nsecs_t>::max());
-
-    mDefaultOffsets = getDefaultOffsets(thresholdForNextVsync);
-    mHighFpsOffsets = getHighFpsOffsets(thresholdForNextVsync);
-}
-
-PhaseOffsets::Offsets PhaseOffsets::getOffsetsForRefreshRate(float fps) const {
-    // TODO(145561086): Once offsets are common for all refresh rates we can remove the magic
-    // number for refresh rate
-    if (fps > 65.0f) {
-        return mHighFpsOffsets;
-    } else {
-        return mDefaultOffsets;
-    }
-}
+PhaseOffsets::PhaseOffsets(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs)
+      : // Below defines the threshold when an offset is considered to be negative, i.e. targeting
+        // for the N+2 vsync instead of N+1. This means that:
+        // For offset < threshold, SF wake up (vsync_duration - offset) before HW vsync.
+        // For offset >= threshold, SF wake up (2 * vsync_duration - offset) before HW vsync.
+        mThresholdForNextVsync(getProperty("debug.sf.phase_offset_threshold_for_next_vsync_ns")
+                                       .value_or(std::numeric_limits<nsecs_t>::max())),
+        mOffsets(initializeOffsets(refreshRateConfigs)),
+        mRefreshRateFps(refreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().fps) {}
 
 void PhaseOffsets::dump(std::string& result) const {
-    const auto [early, earlyGl, late, threshold] = getCurrentOffsets();
+    const auto [early, earlyGl, late] = getCurrentOffsets();
     using base::StringAppendF;
     StringAppendF(&result,
                   "           app phase: %9" PRId64 " ns\t         SF phase: %9" PRId64 " ns\n"
                   "     early app phase: %9" PRId64 " ns\t   early SF phase: %9" PRId64 " ns\n"
                   "  GL early app phase: %9" PRId64 " ns\tGL early SF phase: %9" PRId64 " ns\n"
                   "next VSYNC threshold: %9" PRId64 " ns\n",
-                  late.app, late.sf, early.app, early.sf, earlyGl.app, earlyGl.sf, threshold);
+                  late.app, late.sf, early.app, early.sf, earlyGl.app, earlyGl.sf,
+                  mThresholdForNextVsync);
 }
 
-PhaseOffsets::Offsets PhaseOffsets::getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync) {
+std::unordered_map<float, PhaseDurations::Offsets> PhaseOffsets::initializeOffsets(
+        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs) const {
+    std::unordered_map<float, PhaseDurations::Offsets> offsets;
+
+    for (const auto& [ignored, refreshRate] : refreshRateConfigs.getAllRefreshRates()) {
+        const nsecs_t vsyncDuration = static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / refreshRate.fps);
+        if (refreshRate.fps > 65.0f) {
+            offsets.emplace(refreshRate.fps, getHighFpsOffsets(vsyncDuration));
+        } else {
+            offsets.emplace(refreshRate.fps, getDefaultOffsets(vsyncDuration));
+        }
+    }
+    return offsets;
+}
+
+PhaseOffsets::Offsets PhaseOffsets::getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
     const int64_t vsyncPhaseOffsetNs = sysprop::vsync_event_phase_offset_ns(1000000);
     const int64_t sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs = sysprop::vsync_sf_event_phase_offset_ns(1000000);
 
@@ -82,19 +85,32 @@
     const auto earlyAppOffsetNs = getProperty("debug.sf.early_app_phase_offset_ns");
     const auto earlyGlAppOffsetNs = getProperty("debug.sf.early_gl_app_phase_offset_ns");
 
-    return {{earlySfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs),
-             earlyAppOffsetNs.value_or(vsyncPhaseOffsetNs)},
+    return {
+            {
+                    earlySfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs) < mThresholdForNextVsync
+                            ? earlySfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs)
+                            : earlySfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs) - vsyncDuration,
 
-            {earlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs),
-             earlyGlAppOffsetNs.value_or(vsyncPhaseOffsetNs)},
+                    earlyAppOffsetNs.value_or(vsyncPhaseOffsetNs),
+            },
+            {
+                    earlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs) < mThresholdForNextVsync
+                            ? earlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs)
+                            : earlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs) - vsyncDuration,
 
-            {sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs, vsyncPhaseOffsetNs},
+                    earlyGlAppOffsetNs.value_or(vsyncPhaseOffsetNs),
+            },
+            {
+                    sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs < mThresholdForNextVsync
+                            ? sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs
+                            : sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs - vsyncDuration,
 
-            thresholdForNextVsync};
+                    vsyncPhaseOffsetNs,
+            },
+    };
 }
 
-PhaseOffsets::Offsets PhaseOffsets::getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync) {
-    // TODO(b/122905996): Define these in device.mk.
+PhaseOffsets::Offsets PhaseOffsets::getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
     const int highFpsLateAppOffsetNs =
             getProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_late_app_phase_offset_ns").value_or(2000000);
     const int highFpsLateSfOffsetNs =
@@ -106,15 +122,195 @@
     const auto highFpsEarlyGlAppOffsetNs =
             getProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_early_gl_app_phase_offset_ns");
 
-    return {{highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs),
-             highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateAppOffsetNs)},
+    return {
+            {
+                    highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs) < mThresholdForNextVsync
+                            ? highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs)
+                            : highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs) -
+                                    vsyncDuration,
 
-            {highFpsEarlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs),
-             highFpsEarlyGlAppOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateAppOffsetNs)},
+                    highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateAppOffsetNs),
+            },
+            {
+                    highFpsEarlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs) <
+                                    mThresholdForNextVsync
+                            ? highFpsEarlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs)
+                            : highFpsEarlyGlSfOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateSfOffsetNs) -
+                                    vsyncDuration,
 
-            {highFpsLateSfOffsetNs, highFpsLateAppOffsetNs},
+                    highFpsEarlyGlAppOffsetNs.value_or(highFpsLateAppOffsetNs),
+            },
+            {
+                    highFpsLateSfOffsetNs < mThresholdForNextVsync
+                            ? highFpsLateSfOffsetNs
+                            : highFpsLateSfOffsetNs - vsyncDuration,
 
-            thresholdForNextVsync};
+                    highFpsLateAppOffsetNs,
+            },
+    };
+}
+
+static void validateSysprops() {
+    const auto validatePropertyBool = [](const char* prop) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!property_get_bool(prop, false), "%s is false", prop);
+    };
+
+    validatePropertyBool("debug.sf.use_phase_offsets_as_durations");
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(sysprop::vsync_event_phase_offset_ns(-1) != -1,
+                        "ro.surface_flinger.vsync_event_phase_offset_ns is set but expecting "
+                        "duration");
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(sysprop::vsync_sf_event_phase_offset_ns(-1) != -1,
+                        "ro.surface_flinger.vsync_sf_event_phase_offset_ns is set but expecting "
+                        "duration");
+
+    const auto validateProperty = [](const char* prop) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getProperty(prop).has_value(),
+                            "%s is set to %" PRId64 " but expecting duration", prop,
+                            getProperty(prop).value_or(-1));
+    };
+
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.early_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.early_gl_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.early_app_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.early_gl_app_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_late_app_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_late_sf_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_early_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_early_gl_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_early_app_phase_offset_ns");
+    validateProperty("debug.sf.high_fps_early_gl_app_phase_offset_ns");
+}
+
+static nsecs_t sfDurationToOffset(nsecs_t sfDuration, nsecs_t vsyncDuration) {
+    return sfDuration == -1 ? 1'000'000 : vsyncDuration - sfDuration % vsyncDuration;
+}
+
+static nsecs_t appDurationToOffset(nsecs_t appDuration, nsecs_t sfDuration, nsecs_t vsyncDuration) {
+    return sfDuration == -1 ? 1'000'000
+                            : vsyncDuration - (appDuration + sfDuration) % vsyncDuration;
+}
+
+static std::vector<float> getRefreshRatesFromConfigs(
+        const android::scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs) {
+    const auto& allRefreshRates = refreshRateConfigs.getAllRefreshRates();
+    std::vector<float> refreshRates;
+    refreshRates.reserve(allRefreshRates.size());
+
+    for (const auto& [ignored, refreshRate] : allRefreshRates) {
+        refreshRates.emplace_back(refreshRate.fps);
+    }
+
+    return refreshRates;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<float, PhaseDurations::Offsets> PhaseDurations::initializeOffsets(
+        const std::vector<float>& refreshRates) const {
+    std::unordered_map<float, PhaseDurations::Offsets> offsets;
+
+    for (const auto fps : refreshRates) {
+        const nsecs_t vsyncDuration = static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / fps);
+        offsets.emplace(fps,
+                        Offsets{
+                                {
+                                        mSfEarlyDuration < vsyncDuration
+                                                ? sfDurationToOffset(mSfEarlyDuration,
+                                                                     vsyncDuration)
+                                                : sfDurationToOffset(mSfEarlyDuration,
+                                                                     vsyncDuration) -
+                                                        vsyncDuration,
+
+                                        appDurationToOffset(mAppEarlyDuration, mSfEarlyDuration,
+                                                            vsyncDuration),
+                                },
+                                {
+                                        mSfEarlyGlDuration < vsyncDuration
+                                                ? sfDurationToOffset(mSfEarlyGlDuration,
+                                                                     vsyncDuration)
+                                                : sfDurationToOffset(mSfEarlyGlDuration,
+                                                                     vsyncDuration) -
+                                                        vsyncDuration,
+
+                                        appDurationToOffset(mAppEarlyGlDuration, mSfEarlyGlDuration,
+                                                            vsyncDuration),
+                                },
+                                {
+                                        mSfDuration < vsyncDuration
+                                                ? sfDurationToOffset(mSfDuration, vsyncDuration)
+                                                : sfDurationToOffset(mSfDuration, vsyncDuration) -
+                                                        vsyncDuration,
+
+                                        appDurationToOffset(mAppDuration, mSfDuration,
+                                                            vsyncDuration),
+                                },
+                        });
+    }
+    return offsets;
+}
+
+PhaseDurations::PhaseDurations(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs)
+      : PhaseDurations(getRefreshRatesFromConfigs(refreshRateConfigs),
+                       refreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().fps,
+                       getProperty("debug.sf.late.sf.duration").value_or(-1),
+                       getProperty("debug.sf.late.app.duration").value_or(-1),
+                       getProperty("debug.sf.early.sf.duration").value_or(mSfDuration),
+                       getProperty("debug.sf.early.app.duration").value_or(mAppDuration),
+                       getProperty("debug.sf.earlyGl.sf.duration").value_or(mSfDuration),
+                       getProperty("debug.sf.earlyGl.app.duration").value_or(mAppDuration)) {
+    validateSysprops();
+}
+
+PhaseDurations::PhaseDurations(const std::vector<float>& refreshRates, float currentFps,
+                               nsecs_t sfDuration, nsecs_t appDuration, nsecs_t sfEarlyDuration,
+                               nsecs_t appEarlyDuration, nsecs_t sfEarlyGlDuration,
+                               nsecs_t appEarlyGlDuration)
+      : mSfDuration(sfDuration),
+        mAppDuration(appDuration),
+        mSfEarlyDuration(sfEarlyDuration),
+        mAppEarlyDuration(appEarlyDuration),
+        mSfEarlyGlDuration(sfEarlyGlDuration),
+        mAppEarlyGlDuration(appEarlyGlDuration),
+        mOffsets(initializeOffsets(refreshRates)),
+        mRefreshRateFps(currentFps) {}
+
+PhaseOffsets::Offsets PhaseDurations::getOffsetsForRefreshRate(float fps) const {
+    const auto iter = mOffsets.find(fps);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(iter == mOffsets.end());
+    return iter->second;
+}
+
+void PhaseDurations::dump(std::string& result) const {
+    const auto [early, earlyGl, late] = getCurrentOffsets();
+    using base::StringAppendF;
+    StringAppendF(&result,
+                  "           app phase:    %9" PRId64 " ns\t         SF phase:    %9" PRId64
+                  " ns\n"
+                  "           app duration: %9" PRId64 " ns\t         SF duration: %9" PRId64
+                  " ns\n"
+                  "     early app phase:    %9" PRId64 " ns\t   early SF phase:    %9" PRId64
+                  " ns\n"
+                  "     early app duration: %9" PRId64 " ns\t   early SF duration: %9" PRId64
+                  " ns\n"
+                  "  GL early app phase:    %9" PRId64 " ns\tGL early SF phase:    %9" PRId64
+                  " ns\n"
+                  "  GL early app duration: %9" PRId64 " ns\tGL early SF duration: %9" PRId64
+                  " ns\n",
+                  late.app,
+
+                  late.sf,
+
+                  mAppDuration, mSfDuration,
+
+                  early.app, early.sf,
+
+                  mAppEarlyDuration, mSfEarlyDuration,
+
+                  earlyGl.app,
+
+                  earlyGl.sf,
+
+                  mAppEarlyGlDuration, mSfEarlyGlDuration);
 }
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.h
index 7747f0c..c10efde 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.h
@@ -29,17 +29,11 @@
  * different offsets will help us with latency. This class keeps track of
  * which mode the device is on, and returns approprate offsets when needed.
  */
-class PhaseOffsets {
+class PhaseConfiguration {
 public:
     using Offsets = VSyncModulator::OffsetsConfig;
 
-    virtual ~PhaseOffsets();
-
-    nsecs_t getCurrentAppOffset() const { return getCurrentOffsets().late.app; }
-    nsecs_t getCurrentSfOffset() const { return getCurrentOffsets().late.sf; }
-    nsecs_t getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync() const {
-        return getCurrentOffsets().thresholdForNextVsync;
-    }
+    virtual ~PhaseConfiguration();
 
     virtual Offsets getCurrentOffsets() const = 0;
     virtual Offsets getOffsetsForRefreshRate(float fps) const = 0;
@@ -51,9 +45,51 @@
 
 namespace impl {
 
-class PhaseOffsets : public scheduler::PhaseOffsets {
+/*
+ * This is the old implementation of phase offsets and considered as deprecated.
+ * PhaseDurations is the new implementation.
+ */
+class PhaseOffsets : public scheduler::PhaseConfiguration {
 public:
-    PhaseOffsets();
+    PhaseOffsets(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&);
+
+    // Returns early, early GL, and late offsets for Apps and SF for a given refresh rate.
+    Offsets getOffsetsForRefreshRate(float fps) const override {
+        const auto iter = mOffsets.find(fps);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(iter == mOffsets.end());
+        return iter->second;
+    }
+
+    // Returns early, early GL, and late offsets for Apps and SF.
+    Offsets getCurrentOffsets() const override { return getOffsetsForRefreshRate(mRefreshRateFps); }
+
+    // This function should be called when the device is switching between different
+    // refresh rates, to properly update the offsets.
+    void setRefreshRateFps(float fps) override { mRefreshRateFps = fps; }
+
+    // Returns current offsets in human friendly format.
+    void dump(std::string& result) const override;
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<float, PhaseOffsets::Offsets> initializeOffsets(
+            const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&) const;
+    Offsets getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const;
+    Offsets getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const;
+
+    const nsecs_t mThresholdForNextVsync;
+    const std::unordered_map<float, Offsets> mOffsets;
+
+    std::atomic<float> mRefreshRateFps;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Class that encapsulates the phase offsets for SurfaceFlinger and App.
+ * The offsets are calculated from durations for each one of the (late, early, earlyGL)
+ * offset types.
+ */
+class PhaseDurations : public scheduler::PhaseConfiguration {
+public:
+    PhaseDurations(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&);
 
     // Returns early, early GL, and late offsets for Apps and SF for a given refresh rate.
     Offsets getOffsetsForRefreshRate(float fps) const override;
@@ -68,14 +104,28 @@
     // Returns current offsets in human friendly format.
     void dump(std::string& result) const override;
 
+protected:
+    // Used for unit tests
+    PhaseDurations(const std::vector<float>& refreshRates, float currentFps, nsecs_t sfDuration,
+                   nsecs_t appDuration, nsecs_t sfEarlyDuration, nsecs_t appEarlyDuration,
+                   nsecs_t sfEarlyGlDuration, nsecs_t appEarlyGlDuration);
+
 private:
-    static Offsets getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync);
-    static Offsets getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync);
+    std::unordered_map<float, PhaseDurations::Offsets> initializeOffsets(
+            const std::vector<float>&) const;
 
-    std::atomic<float> mRefreshRateFps = 0;
+    const nsecs_t mSfDuration;
+    const nsecs_t mAppDuration;
 
-    Offsets mDefaultOffsets;
-    Offsets mHighFpsOffsets;
+    const nsecs_t mSfEarlyDuration;
+    const nsecs_t mAppEarlyDuration;
+
+    const nsecs_t mSfEarlyGlDuration;
+    const nsecs_t mAppEarlyGlDuration;
+
+    const std::unordered_map<float, Offsets> mOffsets;
+
+    std::atomic<float> mRefreshRateFps;
 };
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 71a6a2f..71ebfc3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -125,18 +125,16 @@
     return *mPrimaryDispSync;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> Scheduler::makePrimaryDispSyncSource(
-        const char* name, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs, nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync) {
+std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> Scheduler::makePrimaryDispSyncSource(const char* name,
+                                                                  nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs) {
     return std::make_unique<DispSyncSource>(mPrimaryDispSync.get(), phaseOffsetNs,
-                                            offsetThresholdForNextVsync, true /* traceVsync */,
-                                            name);
+                                            true /* traceVsync */, name);
 }
 
 Scheduler::ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(
-        const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs, nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
+        const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs,
         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback interceptCallback) {
-    auto vsyncSource =
-            makePrimaryDispSyncSource(connectionName, phaseOffsetNs, offsetThresholdForNextVsync);
+    auto vsyncSource = makePrimaryDispSyncSource(connectionName, phaseOffsetNs);
     auto eventThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(std::move(vsyncSource),
                                                            std::move(interceptCallback));
     return createConnection(std::move(eventThread));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 15277ce..2fa8b3f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@
 
     using ConnectionHandle = scheduler::ConnectionHandle;
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs,
-                                      nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
                                       impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback);
 
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection(ConnectionHandle,
@@ -149,8 +148,7 @@
     Scheduler(std::unique_ptr<DispSync>, std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread>,
               const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&, ISchedulerCallback& schedulerCallback);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> makePrimaryDispSyncSource(const char* name, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs,
-                                                           nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync);
+    std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> makePrimaryDispSyncSource(const char* name, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs);
 
     // Create a connection on the given EventThread.
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread>);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h
index 63c0feb..704a5d5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
     struct Offsets {
         nsecs_t sf;
         nsecs_t app;
+
+        bool operator==(const Offsets& other) const { return sf == other.sf && app == other.app; }
+
+        bool operator!=(const Offsets& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
     };
 
     struct OffsetsConfig {
@@ -50,7 +54,11 @@
         Offsets earlyGl; // As above but while compositing with GL.
         Offsets late;    // Default.
 
-        nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync;
+        bool operator==(const OffsetsConfig& other) const {
+            return early == other.early && earlyGl == other.earlyGl && late == other.late;
+        }
+
+        bool operator!=(const OffsetsConfig& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
     };
 
     VSyncModulator(Scheduler&, ConnectionHandle appConnectionHandle,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 7f819dd..d02d783 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -260,7 +260,6 @@
         mFrameTracer(std::make_unique<FrameTracer>()),
         mEventQueue(mFactory.createMessageQueue()),
         mCompositionEngine(mFactory.createCompositionEngine()),
-        mPhaseOffsets(mFactory.createPhaseOffsets()),
         mPendingSyncInputWindows(false) {}
 
 SurfaceFlinger::SurfaceFlinger(Factory& factory) : SurfaceFlinger(factory, SkipInitialization) {
@@ -582,8 +581,6 @@
 void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
     ALOGI(  "SurfaceFlinger's main thread ready to run. "
             "Initializing graphics H/W...");
-    ALOGI("Phase offset: %" PRId64 " ns", mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentAppOffset());
-
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
 
     // Get a RenderEngine for the given display / config (can't fail)
@@ -817,7 +814,7 @@
         info.ydpi = ydpi;
         info.fps = 1e9 / hwConfig->getVsyncPeriod();
 
-        const auto offset = mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetsForRefreshRate(info.fps);
+        const auto offset = mPhaseConfiguration->getOffsetsForRefreshRate(info.fps);
         info.appVsyncOffset = offset.late.app;
 
         // This is how far in advance a buffer must be queued for
@@ -897,8 +894,8 @@
         // DispSync model is locked.
         mVSyncModulator->onRefreshRateChangeInitiated();
 
-        mPhaseOffsets->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate.fps);
-        mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentOffsets());
+        mPhaseConfiguration->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate.fps);
+        mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets());
     }
     mDesiredActiveConfigChanged = true;
 
@@ -951,8 +948,8 @@
 
     auto refreshRate =
             mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
-    mPhaseOffsets->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate.fps);
-    mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentOffsets());
+    mPhaseConfiguration->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate.fps);
+    mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets());
     ATRACE_INT("ActiveConfigFPS", refreshRate.fps);
 
     if (mUpcomingActiveConfig.event != Scheduler::ConfigEvent::None) {
@@ -969,8 +966,8 @@
     mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, getVsyncPeriod());
     auto refreshRate =
             mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(mDesiredActiveConfig.configId);
-    mPhaseOffsets->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate.fps);
-    mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentOffsets());
+    mPhaseConfiguration->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate.fps);
+    mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets());
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::performSetActiveConfig() {
@@ -1698,10 +1695,8 @@
     // We are storing the last 2 present fences. If sf's phase offset is to be
     // woken up before the actual vsync but targeting the next vsync, we need to check
     // fence N-2
-    const sp<Fence>& fence =
-            mVSyncModulator->getOffsets().sf < mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync()
-            ? mPreviousPresentFences[0]
-            : mPreviousPresentFences[1];
+    const sp<Fence>& fence = mVSyncModulator->getOffsets().sf > 0 ? mPreviousPresentFences[0]
+                                                                  : mPreviousPresentFences[1];
 
     if (fence == Fence::NO_FENCE) {
         return false;
@@ -1719,10 +1714,8 @@
     mScheduler->getDisplayStatInfo(&stats);
     const nsecs_t presentTime = mScheduler->getDispSyncExpectedPresentTime();
     // Inflate the expected present time if we're targetting the next vsync.
-    mExpectedPresentTime.store(mVSyncModulator->getOffsets().sf <
-                                               mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync()
-                                       ? presentTime
-                                       : presentTime + stats.vsyncPeriod);
+    mExpectedPresentTime.store(
+            mVSyncModulator->getOffsets().sf > 0 ? presentTime : presentTime + stats.vsyncPeriod);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageReceived(int32_t what) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
@@ -1966,11 +1959,12 @@
                                                 nsecs_t compositeToPresentLatency) {
     // Integer division and modulo round toward 0 not -inf, so we need to
     // treat negative and positive offsets differently.
-    nsecs_t idealLatency = (mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentSfOffset() > 0)
-            ? (stats.vsyncPeriod - (mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentSfOffset() % stats.vsyncPeriod))
-            : ((-mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentSfOffset()) % stats.vsyncPeriod);
+    nsecs_t idealLatency = (mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.sf > 0)
+            ? (stats.vsyncPeriod -
+               (mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.sf % stats.vsyncPeriod))
+            : ((-mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.sf) % stats.vsyncPeriod);
 
-    // Just in case mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentSfOffset() == -vsyncInterval.
+    // Just in case mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.sf == -vsyncInterval.
     if (idealLatency <= 0) {
         idealLatency = stats.vsyncPeriod;
     }
@@ -1979,8 +1973,8 @@
     // composition and present times, which often have >1ms of jitter.
     // Reducing jitter is important if an app attempts to extrapolate
     // something (such as user input) to an accurate diasplay time.
-    // Snapping also allows an app to precisely calculate mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentSfOffset()
-    // with (presentLatency % interval).
+    // Snapping also allows an app to precisely calculate
+    // mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.sf with (presentLatency % interval).
     nsecs_t bias = stats.vsyncPeriod / 2;
     int64_t extraVsyncs = (compositeToPresentLatency - idealLatency + bias) / stats.vsyncPeriod;
     nsecs_t snappedCompositeToPresentLatency =
@@ -2672,24 +2666,24 @@
                                                           currentConfig, HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
     mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(currentConfig);
 
+    mPhaseConfiguration = getFactory().createPhaseConfiguration(*mRefreshRateConfigs);
+
     // start the EventThread
     mScheduler =
             getFactory().createScheduler([this](bool enabled) { setPrimaryVsyncEnabled(enabled); },
                                          *mRefreshRateConfigs, *this);
     mAppConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentAppOffset(),
-                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
+            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.app,
                                          impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
     mSfConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("sf", mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentSfOffset(),
-                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
+            mScheduler->createConnection("sf", mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets().late.sf,
                                          [this](nsecs_t timestamp) {
                                              mInterceptor->saveVSyncEvent(timestamp);
                                          });
 
     mEventQueue->setEventConnection(mScheduler->getEventConnection(mSfConnectionHandle));
     mVSyncModulator.emplace(*mScheduler, mAppConnectionHandle, mSfConnectionHandle,
-                            mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentOffsets());
+                            mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets());
 
     mRegionSamplingThread =
             new RegionSamplingThread(*this, *mScheduler,
@@ -4090,7 +4084,7 @@
     mRefreshRateStats->dump(result);
     result.append("\n");
 
-    mPhaseOffsets->dump(result);
+    mPhaseConfiguration->dump(result);
     StringAppendF(&result,
                   "      present offset: %9" PRId64 " ns\t     VSYNC period: %9" PRId64 " ns\n\n",
                   dispSyncPresentTimeOffset, getVsyncPeriod());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index ec7f871..2f84b13 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@
     scheduler::ConnectionHandle mSfConnectionHandle;
 
     // Stores phase offsets configured per refresh rate.
-    const std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseOffsets> mPhaseOffsets;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseConfiguration> mPhaseConfiguration;
 
     // Optional to defer construction until scheduler connections are created.
     std::optional<scheduler::VSyncModulator> mVSyncModulator;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
index bd4cdba..d5c2306 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <compositionengine/impl/CompositionEngine.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
 #include "BufferLayerConsumer.h"
@@ -51,16 +52,20 @@
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> DefaultFactory::createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) {
-    return std::make_unique<android::impl::HWComposer>(
-            std::make_unique<Hwc2::impl::Composer>(serviceName));
+    return std::make_unique<android::impl::HWComposer>(serviceName);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> DefaultFactory::createMessageQueue() {
     return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>();
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseOffsets> DefaultFactory::createPhaseOffsets() {
-    return std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::PhaseOffsets>();
+std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseConfiguration> DefaultFactory::createPhaseConfiguration(
+        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs) {
+    if (property_get_bool("debug.sf.use_phase_offsets_as_durations", false)) {
+        return std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::PhaseDurations>(refreshRateConfigs);
+    } else {
+        return std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::PhaseOffsets>(refreshRateConfigs);
+    }
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> DefaultFactory::createScheduler(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
index 1a24448..36fae21 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
     std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> createEventControlThread(SetVSyncEnabled) override;
     std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) override;
     std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() override;
-    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseOffsets> createPhaseOffsets() override;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseConfiguration> createPhaseConfiguration(
+            const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&) override;
     std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(SetVSyncEnabled,
                                                const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&,
                                                ISchedulerCallback&) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
index 0db941d..951bd09 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 } // namespace compositionengine
 
 namespace scheduler {
-class PhaseOffsets;
+class PhaseConfiguration;
 class RefreshRateConfigs;
 } // namespace scheduler
 
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@
     virtual std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> createEventControlThread(SetVSyncEnabled) = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() = 0;
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseOffsets> createPhaseOffsets() = 0;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseConfiguration> createPhaseConfiguration(
+            const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&) = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(SetVSyncEnabled,
                                                        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&,
                                                        ISchedulerCallback&) = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index ccfa6c5..68adbfc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
         "OneShotTimerTest.cpp",
         "LayerHistoryTest.cpp",
         "LayerMetadataTest.cpp",
+        "PhaseOffsetsTest.cpp",
         "SchedulerTest.cpp",
         "SchedulerUtilsTest.cpp",
         "RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 76dea62..cce21ce 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -1154,8 +1154,10 @@
     static void cleanup(CompositionTest* test) {
         Layer::cleanupInjectedLayers(test);
 
-        for (auto& hwcDisplay : test->mFlinger.mFakeHwcDisplays) {
-            hwcDisplay->mutableLayers().clear();
+        for (auto& displayData : test->mFlinger.mutableHwcDisplayData()) {
+            static_cast<TestableSurfaceFlinger::HWC2Display*>(displayData.second.hwcDisplay.get())
+                    ->mutableLayers()
+                    .clear();
         }
     }
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
index 0aa8cf5..2e705da 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
     AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(nsecs_t)> mVSyncEventCallRecorder;
 
     static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds mPhaseOffset = 6ms;
-    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds mOffsetThresholdForNextVsync = 16ms;
     static constexpr int mIterations = 100;
 };
 
@@ -79,8 +78,7 @@
 
 void DispSyncSourceTest::createDispSyncSource() {
     createDispSync();
-    mDispSyncSource = std::make_unique<DispSyncSource>(mDispSync.get(), mPhaseOffset.count(),
-                                                       mOffsetThresholdForNextVsync.count(), true,
+    mDispSyncSource = std::make_unique<DispSyncSource>(mDispSync.get(), mPhaseOffset.count(), true,
                                                        "DispSyncSourceTest");
     mDispSyncSource->setCallback(this);
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FakePhaseOffsets.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FakePhaseOffsets.h
index da4eea0..b50ddf5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FakePhaseOffsets.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FakePhaseOffsets.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-struct FakePhaseOffsets : PhaseOffsets {
+struct FakePhaseOffsets : PhaseConfiguration {
     static constexpr nsecs_t FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS = 0;
 
     Offsets getOffsetsForRefreshRate(float) const override { return getCurrentOffsets(); }
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
     Offsets getCurrentOffsets() const override {
         return {{FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS},
                 {FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS},
-                {FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS},
-                FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS};
+                {FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS}};
     }
 
     void setRefreshRateFps(float) override {}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PhaseOffsetsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PhaseOffsetsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6360ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PhaseOffsetsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "SchedulerUnittests"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.h"
+
+using namespace testing;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace scheduler {
+
+class TestablePhaseOffsetsAsDurations : public impl::PhaseDurations {
+public:
+    TestablePhaseOffsetsAsDurations(float currentFps, nsecs_t sfDuration, nsecs_t appDuration,
+                                    nsecs_t sfEarlyDuration, nsecs_t appEarlyDuration,
+                                    nsecs_t sfEarlyGlDuration, nsecs_t appEarlyGlDuration)
+          : impl::PhaseDurations({60.0f, 90.0f}, currentFps, sfDuration, appDuration,
+                                 sfEarlyDuration, appEarlyDuration, sfEarlyGlDuration,
+                                 appEarlyGlDuration) {}
+};
+
+class PhaseOffsetsTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    PhaseOffsetsTest()
+          : mPhaseOffsets(60.0f, 10'500'000, 20'500'000, 16'000'000, 33'500'000, 13'500'000,
+                          38'000'000) {}
+
+    ~PhaseOffsetsTest() = default;
+
+    TestablePhaseOffsetsAsDurations mPhaseOffsets;
+};
+
+namespace {
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Test cases
+ */
+TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getOffsetsForRefreshRate_60Hz) {
+    mPhaseOffsets.setRefreshRateFps(60.0f);
+    auto currentOffsets = mPhaseOffsets.getCurrentOffsets();
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getOffsetsForRefreshRate(60.0f);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sf, 6'166'667);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.app, 2'333'334);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.early.sf, 666'667);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.early.app, 500'001);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.earlyGl.sf, 3'166'667);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.earlyGl.app, 15'166'668);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getOffsetsForRefreshRate_90Hz) {
+    mPhaseOffsets.setRefreshRateFps(90.0f);
+    auto currentOffsets = mPhaseOffsets.getCurrentOffsets();
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getOffsetsForRefreshRate(90.0f);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sf, 611'111);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.app, 2'333'333);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.early.sf, -4'888'889);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.early.app, 6'055'555);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.earlyGl.sf, -2'388'889);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(offsets.earlyGl.app, 4'055'555);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getOffsetsForRefreshRate_DefaultOffsets) {
+    TestablePhaseOffsetsAsDurations phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues(60.0f, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1);
+
+    auto validateOffsets = [](auto& offsets) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sf, 1'000'000);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.app, 1'000'000);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(offsets.early.sf, 1'000'000);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(offsets.early.app, 1'000'000);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(offsets.earlyGl.sf, 1'000'000);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(offsets.earlyGl.app, 1'000'000);
+    };
+
+    phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues.setRefreshRateFps(90.0f);
+    auto currentOffsets = phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues.getCurrentOffsets();
+    auto offsets = phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues.getOffsetsForRefreshRate(90.0f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
+    validateOffsets(offsets);
+
+    phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues.setRefreshRateFps(60.0f);
+    currentOffsets = phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues.getCurrentOffsets();
+    offsets = phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues.getOffsetsForRefreshRate(90.0f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
+    validateOffsets(offsets);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace scheduler
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index f057c98..b5245e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@
         return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>();
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseOffsets> createPhaseOffsets() override {
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::PhaseConfiguration> createPhaseConfiguration(
+            const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& /*refreshRateConfigs*/) override {
         return std::make_unique<scheduler::FakePhaseOffsets>();
     }
 
@@ -207,6 +208,8 @@
                 scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs, *mFlinger->mTimeStats,
                                              /*currentConfig=*/HwcConfigIndexType(0),
                                              /*powerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+        mFlinger->mPhaseConfiguration =
+                mFactory.createPhaseConfiguration(*mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs);
 
         mScheduler =
                 new TestableScheduler(std::move(primaryDispSync), std::move(eventControlThread),
@@ -218,7 +221,7 @@
 
         mFlinger->mVSyncModulator.emplace(*mScheduler, mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle,
                                           mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle,
-                                          mFlinger->mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentOffsets());
+                                          mFlinger->mPhaseConfiguration->getCurrentOffsets());
     }
 
     void resetScheduler(Scheduler* scheduler) { mFlinger->mScheduler.reset(scheduler); }
@@ -515,15 +518,13 @@
             display->mutableIsConnected() = true;
             display->setPowerMode(static_cast<HWC2::PowerMode>(mPowerMode));
 
-            flinger->mutableHwcDisplayData()[mDisplayId].hwcDisplay = display.get();
+            flinger->mutableHwcDisplayData()[mDisplayId].hwcDisplay = std::move(display);
 
             if (mHwcDisplayType == HWC2::DisplayType::Physical) {
                 flinger->mutableHwcPhysicalDisplayIdMap().emplace(mHwcDisplayId, mDisplayId);
                 (mIsPrimary ? flinger->mutableInternalHwcDisplayId()
                             : flinger->mutableExternalHwcDisplayId()) = mHwcDisplayId;
             }
-
-            flinger->mFakeHwcDisplays.push_back(std::move(display));
         }
 
     private:
@@ -632,9 +633,6 @@
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(mFactory, SurfaceFlinger::SkipInitialization);
     TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
-
-    // We need to keep a reference to these so they are properly destroyed.
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<HWC2Display>> mFakeHwcDisplays;
 };
 
 } // namespace android