diff --git a/include/ftl/concat.h b/include/ftl/concat.h
index e0774d3..7680bed 100644
--- a/include/ftl/concat.h
+++ b/include/ftl/concat.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 template <std::size_t N>
 struct Concat<N> {
   static constexpr std::size_t max_size() { return N; }
-  constexpr std::size_t size() const { return end_ - buffer_; }
+  constexpr std::size_t size() const { return static_cast<std::size_t>(end_ - buffer_); }
 
   constexpr const char* c_str() const { return buffer_; }
 
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@
 
  protected:
   constexpr Concat() : end_(buffer_) {}
+  constexpr Concat(const Concat&) = delete;
+
   constexpr void append() { *end_ = '\0'; }
 
   char buffer_[N + 1];
diff --git a/include/ftl/expected.h b/include/ftl/expected.h
index 12b6102..57448dc 100644
--- a/include/ftl/expected.h
+++ b/include/ftl/expected.h
@@ -18,9 +18,57 @@
 
 #include <android-base/expected.h>
 #include <ftl/optional.h>
+#include <ftl/unit.h>
 
 #include <utility>
 
+// Given an expression `expr` that evaluates to an ftl::Expected<T, E> result (R for short), FTL_TRY
+// unwraps T out of R, or bails out of the enclosing function F if R has an error E. The return type
+// of F must be R, since FTL_TRY propagates R in the error case. As a special case, ftl::Unit may be
+// used as the error E to allow FTL_TRY expressions when F returns `void`.
+//
+// The non-standard syntax requires `-Wno-gnu-statement-expression-from-macro-expansion` to compile.
+// The UnitToVoid conversion allows the macro to be used for early exit from a function that returns
+// `void`.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//
+//   using StringExp = ftl::Expected<std::string, std::errc>;
+//
+//   StringExp repeat(StringExp exp) {
+//     const std::string str = FTL_TRY(exp);
+//     return StringExp(str + str);
+//   }
+//
+//   assert(StringExp("haha"s) == repeat(StringExp("ha"s)));
+//   assert(repeat(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::bad_message)).has_error([](std::errc e) {
+//     return e == std::errc::bad_message;
+//   }));
+//
+//
+// FTL_TRY may be used in void-returning functions by using ftl::Unit as the error type:
+//
+//   void uppercase(char& c, ftl::Optional<char> opt) {
+//     c = std::toupper(FTL_TRY(std::move(opt).ok_or(ftl::Unit())));
+//   }
+//
+//   char c = '?';
+//   uppercase(c, std::nullopt);
+//   assert(c == '?');
+//
+//   uppercase(c, 'a');
+//   assert(c == 'A');
+//
+#define FTL_TRY(expr)                                                     \
+  ({                                                                      \
+    auto exp_ = (expr);                                                   \
+    if (!exp_.has_value()) {                                              \
+      using E = decltype(exp_)::error_type;                               \
+      return android::ftl::details::UnitToVoid<E>::from(std::move(exp_)); \
+    }                                                                     \
+    exp_.value();                                                         \
+  })
+
 namespace android::ftl {
 
 // Superset of base::expected<T, E> with monadic operations.
diff --git a/include/ftl/optional.h b/include/ftl/optional.h
index 94d8e3d..e245d88 100644
--- a/include/ftl/optional.h
+++ b/include/ftl/optional.h
@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <android-base/expected.h>
 #include <ftl/details/optional.h>
 
 namespace android::ftl {
 
 // Superset of std::optional<T> with monadic operations, as proposed in https://wg21.link/P0798R8.
 //
-// TODO: Remove in C++23.
+// TODO: Remove standard APIs in C++23.
 //
 template <typename T>
 struct Optional final : std::optional<T> {
@@ -109,6 +110,13 @@
     return std::forward<F>(f)();
   }
 
+  // Maps this Optional<T> to expected<T, E> where nullopt becomes E.
+  template <typename E>
+  constexpr auto ok_or(E&& e) && -> base::expected<T, E> {
+    if (has_value()) return std::move(value());
+    return base::unexpected(std::forward<E>(e));
+  }
+
   // Delete new for this class. Its base doesn't have a virtual destructor, and
   // if it got deleted via base class pointer, it would cause undefined
   // behavior. There's not a good reason to allocate this object on the heap
diff --git a/include/ftl/unit.h b/include/ftl/unit.h
index e38230b..62549a3 100644
--- a/include/ftl/unit.h
+++ b/include/ftl/unit.h
@@ -58,4 +58,22 @@
   return {std::forward<F>(f)};
 }
 
+namespace details {
+
+// Identity function for all T except Unit, which maps to void.
+template <typename T>
+struct UnitToVoid {
+  template <typename U>
+  static auto from(U&& value) {
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct UnitToVoid<Unit> {
+  template <typename U>
+  static void from(U&&) {}
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
 }  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/libs/ftl/Android.bp b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
index 4b41152..368f5e0 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
@@ -41,5 +41,6 @@
         "-Wextra",
         "-Wpedantic",
         "-Wthread-safety",
+        "-Wno-gnu-statement-expression-from-macro-expansion",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp
index 8cb07e4..9b7f017 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@
  */
 
 #include <ftl/expected.h>
+#include <ftl/optional.h>
+#include <ftl/unit.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <cctype>
 #include <string>
 #include <system_error>
 
@@ -74,4 +77,42 @@
   }
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+IntExp increment(IntExp exp) {
+  const int i = FTL_TRY(exp);
+  return IntExp(i + 1);
+}
+
+StringExp repeat(StringExp exp) {
+  const std::string str = FTL_TRY(exp);
+  return StringExp(str + str);
+}
+
+void uppercase(char& c, ftl::Optional<char> opt) {
+  c = std::toupper(FTL_TRY(std::move(opt).ok_or(ftl::Unit())));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Keep in sync with example usage in header file.
+TEST(Expected, Try) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(IntExp(100), increment(IntExp(99)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(repeat(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::value_too_large)).has_error([](std::errc e) {
+    return e == std::errc::value_too_large;
+  }));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringExp("haha"s), repeat(StringExp("ha"s)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(repeat(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::bad_message)).has_error([](std::errc e) {
+    return e == std::errc::bad_message;
+  }));
+
+  char c = '?';
+  uppercase(c, std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, '?');
+
+  uppercase(c, 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, 'A');
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
index 91bf7bc..e7f1f14 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <ftl/expected.h>
 #include <ftl/optional.h>
 #include <ftl/static_vector.h>
 #include <ftl/string.h>
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <functional>
 #include <numeric>
+#include <system_error>
 #include <utility>
 
 using namespace std::placeholders;
@@ -204,6 +206,19 @@
                      .or_else([] { return Optional(-1); }));
 }
 
+TEST(Optional, OkOr) {
+  using CharExp = ftl::Expected<char, std::errc>;
+  using StringExp = ftl::Expected<std::string, std::errc>;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(CharExp('z'), Optional('z').ok_or(std::errc::broken_pipe));
+  EXPECT_EQ(CharExp(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::broken_pipe)),
+            Optional<char>().ok_or(std::errc::broken_pipe));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringExp("abc"s), Optional("abc"s).ok_or(std::errc::protocol_error));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringExp(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::protocol_error)),
+            Optional<std::string>().ok_or(std::errc::protocol_error));
+}
+
 // Comparison.
 namespace {
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
index 7a070d7..2d68840 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
         surfaceTwo = surface->makeSurface(scaledInfo);
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!surfaceTwo, "%s: Failed to create second blur surface!", __func__);
 
-        for (auto i = 1; i < numberOfPasses; i++) {
+        for (auto i = 2; i <= numberOfPasses; i++) {
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(tmpBlur == nullptr, "%s: tmpBlur is null for pass %d", __func__, i);
             blurBuilder.child("child") =
                     tmpBlur->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index cb8b016..30c1430 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@
 
 template <typename SourceVariant>
 void RenderEngineTest::fillBufferAndBlurBackground() {
-    auto blurRadius = 50;
+    auto blurRadius = 30;
     auto center = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/LogicalDisplayId.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/LogicalDisplayId.h
index d745758..fd84b12 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/LogicalDisplayId.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/LogicalDisplayId.h
@@ -43,13 +43,6 @@
 constexpr inline LogicalDisplayId LogicalDisplayId::INVALID{-1};
 constexpr inline LogicalDisplayId LogicalDisplayId::DEFAULT{0};
 
-/**
- * Deprecated! Use LogicalDisplayId::INVALID / LogicalDisplayId::DEFAULT instead.
- * TODO(b/339106983): remove these.
- */
-[[deprecated]] constexpr LogicalDisplayId ADISPLAY_ID_NONE{-1};
-[[deprecated]] constexpr LogicalDisplayId ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT{0};
-
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, LogicalDisplayId displayId) {
     return stream << displayId.val();
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
index c62fc7d..6cf5a7e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
@@ -394,6 +394,12 @@
 
     /* Sysfs node change reported. Recreate device if required to incorporate the new sysfs nodes */
     virtual void sysfsNodeChanged(const std::string& sysfsNodePath) = 0;
+
+    /* Get the ID of the InputDevice that was used most recently.
+     *
+     * Returns ReservedInputDeviceId::INVALID_INPUT_DEVICE_ID if no device has been used since boot.
+     */
+    virtual DeviceId getLastUsedInputDeviceId() = 0;
 };
 
 // --- TouchAffineTransformation ---
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
index 12f52b8..69555f8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+namespace {
+
 /**
  * Determines if the identifiers passed are a sub-devices. Sub-devices are physical devices
  * that expose multiple input device paths such a keyboard that also has a touchpad input.
@@ -49,8 +51,8 @@
  *    inputs versus the same device plugged into multiple ports.
  */
 
-static bool isSubDevice(const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier1,
-                        const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier2) {
+bool isSubDevice(const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier1,
+                 const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier2) {
     return (identifier1.vendor == identifier2.vendor &&
             identifier1.product == identifier2.product && identifier1.bus == identifier2.bus &&
             identifier1.version == identifier2.version &&
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@
             identifier1.location == identifier2.location);
 }
 
-static bool isStylusPointerGestureStart(const NotifyMotionArgs& motionArgs) {
+bool isStylusPointerGestureStart(const NotifyMotionArgs& motionArgs) {
     const auto actionMasked = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(motionArgs.action);
     if (actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER &&
         actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN &&
@@ -69,6 +71,28 @@
     return isStylusToolType(motionArgs.pointerProperties[actionIndex].toolType);
 }
 
+bool isNewGestureStart(const NotifyMotionArgs& motion) {
+    return motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN ||
+            motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER;
+}
+
+bool isNewGestureStart(const NotifyKeyArgs& key) {
+    return key.action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
+}
+
+// Return the event's device ID if it marks the start of a new gesture.
+std::optional<DeviceId> getDeviceIdOfNewGesture(const NotifyArgs& args) {
+    if (const auto* motion = std::get_if<NotifyMotionArgs>(&args); motion != nullptr) {
+        return isNewGestureStart(*motion) ? std::make_optional(motion->deviceId) : std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (const auto* key = std::get_if<NotifyKeyArgs>(&args); key != nullptr) {
+        return isNewGestureStart(*key) ? std::make_optional(key->deviceId) : std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
 // --- InputReader ---
 
 InputReader::InputReader(std::shared_ptr<EventHubInterface> eventHub,
@@ -162,6 +186,11 @@
         }
 
         std::swap(notifyArgs, mPendingArgs);
+
+        // Keep track of the last used device
+        for (const NotifyArgs& args : notifyArgs) {
+            mLastUsedDeviceId = getDeviceIdOfNewGesture(args).value_or(mLastUsedDeviceId);
+        }
     } // release lock
 
     // Flush queued events out to the listener.
@@ -883,6 +912,11 @@
     mEventHub->sysfsNodeChanged(sysfsNodePath);
 }
 
+DeviceId InputReader::getLastUsedInputDeviceId() {
+    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    return mLastUsedDeviceId;
+}
+
 void InputReader::dump(std::string& dump) {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
index d9ac917..92a778a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@
 
     void sysfsNodeChanged(const std::string& sysfsNodePath) override;
 
+    DeviceId getLastUsedInputDeviceId() override;
+
 protected:
     // These members are protected so they can be instrumented by test cases.
     virtual std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> createDeviceLocked(nsecs_t when, int32_t deviceId,
@@ -200,6 +202,9 @@
     // records timestamp of the last key press on the physical keyboard
     nsecs_t mLastKeyDownTimestamp GUARDED_BY(mLock){0};
 
+    // The input device that produced a new gesture most recently.
+    DeviceId mLastUsedDeviceId GUARDED_BY(mLock){ReservedInputDeviceId::INVALID_INPUT_DEVICE_ID};
+
     // low-level input event decoding and device management
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> processEventsLocked(const RawEvent* rawEvents, size_t count)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index a0abb61..8536ff0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <JoystickInputMapper.h>
 #include <KeyboardInputMapper.h>
 #include <MultiTouchInputMapper.h>
+#include <NotifyArgsBuilders.h>
 #include <PeripheralController.h>
 #include <SensorInputMapper.h>
 #include <SingleTouchInputMapper.h>
@@ -1183,6 +1184,82 @@
     mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasNotCalled();
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputReaderTest, GetLastUsedInputDeviceId) {
+    constexpr int32_t FIRST_DEVICE_ID = END_RESERVED_ID + 1000;
+    constexpr int32_t SECOND_DEVICE_ID = FIRST_DEVICE_ID + 1;
+    FakeInputMapper& firstMapper =
+            addDeviceWithFakeInputMapper(FIRST_DEVICE_ID, FIRST_DEVICE_ID, "first",
+                                         InputDeviceClass::KEYBOARD, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                                         /*configuration=*/nullptr);
+    FakeInputMapper& secondMapper =
+            addDeviceWithFakeInputMapper(SECOND_DEVICE_ID, SECOND_DEVICE_ID, "second",
+                                         InputDeviceClass::TOUCH_MT, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS,
+                                         /*configuration=*/nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(ReservedInputDeviceId::INVALID_INPUT_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+
+    // Start a new key gesture from the first device
+    firstMapper.setProcessResult({KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD)
+                                          .deviceId(FIRST_DEVICE_ID)
+                                          .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, FIRST_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(firstMapper.getDeviceId(), mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+
+    // Start a new touch gesture from the second device
+    secondMapper.setProcessResult(
+            {MotionArgsBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                     .deviceId(SECOND_DEVICE_ID)
+                     .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/0, ToolType::FINGER))
+                     .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, SECOND_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(SECOND_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+
+    // Releasing the key is not a new gesture, so it does not update the last used device
+    firstMapper.setProcessResult({KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD)
+                                          .deviceId(FIRST_DEVICE_ID)
+                                          .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, FIRST_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(SECOND_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+
+    // But pressing a new key does start a new gesture
+    firstMapper.setProcessResult({KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD)
+                                          .deviceId(FIRST_DEVICE_ID)
+                                          .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, FIRST_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(FIRST_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+
+    // Moving or ending a touch gesture does not update the last used device
+    secondMapper.setProcessResult(
+            {MotionArgsBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                     .deviceId(SECOND_DEVICE_ID)
+                     .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/0, ToolType::STYLUS))
+                     .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, SECOND_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(FIRST_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+    secondMapper.setProcessResult({MotionArgsBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                           .deviceId(SECOND_DEVICE_ID)
+                                           .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/0, ToolType::STYLUS))
+                                           .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, SECOND_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(FIRST_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+
+    // Starting a new hover gesture updates the last used device
+    secondMapper.setProcessResult(
+            {MotionArgsBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                     .deviceId(SECOND_DEVICE_ID)
+                     .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/0, ToolType::STYLUS))
+                     .build()});
+    mFakeEventHub->enqueueEvent(ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, SECOND_DEVICE_ID, 0, 0, 0);
+    mReader->loopOnce();
+    ASSERT_EQ(SECOND_DEVICE_ID, mReader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId());
+}
+
 class FakeVibratorInputMapper : public FakeInputMapper {
 public:
     FakeVibratorInputMapper(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp
index 34ea54c..a19726a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@
         reader->sysfsNodeChanged(sysfsNodePath);
     }
 
+    DeviceId getLastUsedInputDeviceId() override { return reader->getLastUsedInputDeviceId(); }
+
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<InputReaderInterface> reader;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
index c25ddb6..f323ce7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-LayerRenderArea::LayerRenderArea(sp<Layer> layer, const Rect& crop, ui::Size reqSize,
-                                 ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, bool allowSecureLayers,
-                                 const ui::Transform& layerTransform, const Rect& layerBufferSize,
-                                 bool hintForSeamlessTransition)
+LayerRenderArea::LayerRenderArea(sp<Layer> layer, frontend::LayerSnapshot layerSnapshot,
+                                 const Rect& crop, ui::Size reqSize, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace,
+                                 bool allowSecureLayers, const ui::Transform& layerTransform,
+                                 const Rect& layerBufferSize, bool hintForSeamlessTransition)
       : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::CLEAR, reqDataSpace, hintForSeamlessTransition,
                    allowSecureLayers),
         mLayer(std::move(layer)),
+        mLayerSnapshot(std::move(layerSnapshot)),
         mLayerBufferSize(layerBufferSize),
         mCrop(crop),
         mTransform(layerTransform) {}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h
index b12afe8..a12bfca 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h
@@ -32,19 +32,22 @@
 
 class LayerRenderArea : public RenderArea {
 public:
-    LayerRenderArea(sp<Layer> layer, const Rect& crop, ui::Size reqSize, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace,
-                    bool allowSecureLayers, const ui::Transform& layerTransform,
-                    const Rect& layerBufferSize, bool hintForSeamlessTransition);
+    LayerRenderArea(sp<Layer> layer, frontend::LayerSnapshot layerSnapshot, const Rect& crop,
+                    ui::Size reqSize, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, bool allowSecureLayers,
+                    const ui::Transform& layerTransform, const Rect& layerBufferSize,
+                    bool hintForSeamlessTransition);
 
     const ui::Transform& getTransform() const override;
     bool isSecure() const override;
     sp<const DisplayDevice> getDisplayDevice() const override;
     Rect getSourceCrop() const override;
 
-    virtual sp<Layer> getParentLayer() const { return mLayer; }
+    sp<Layer> getParentLayer() const override { return mLayer; }
+    const frontend::LayerSnapshot* getLayerSnapshot() const override { return &mLayerSnapshot; }
 
 private:
     const sp<Layer> mLayer;
+    const frontend::LayerSnapshot mLayerSnapshot;
     const Rect mLayerBufferSize;
     const Rect mCrop;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
index 18a5304..e8d20af 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
 
 #include <functional>
+
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -82,6 +84,10 @@
     // capture operation.
     virtual sp<Layer> getParentLayer() const { return nullptr; }
 
+    // If this is a LayerRenderArea, return the layer snapshot
+    // of the root layer of the capture operation
+    virtual const frontend::LayerSnapshot* getLayerSnapshot() const { return nullptr; }
+
     // Returns whether the render result may be used for system animations that
     // must preserve the exact colors of the display.
     bool getHintForSeamlessTransition() const { return mHintForSeamlessTransition; }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderAreaBuilder.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderAreaBuilder.h
index 012acd2..a25c6e0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderAreaBuilder.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderAreaBuilder.h
@@ -83,9 +83,12 @@
             layer(layer),
             childrenOnly(childrenOnly) {}
 
-    // Layer that the render area will be on
+    // Root layer of the render area
     sp<Layer> layer;
 
+    // Layer snapshot of the root layer
+    frontend::LayerSnapshot layerSnapshot;
+
     // Transform to be applied on the layers to transform them
     // into the logical render area
     ui::Transform layerTransform{ui::Transform()};
@@ -97,17 +100,18 @@
     bool childrenOnly;
 
     // Uses parent snapshot to determine layer transform and buffer size
-    void setLayerInfo(const frontend::LayerSnapshot* parentSnapshot) {
+    void setLayerSnapshot(const frontend::LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot) {
+        layerSnapshot = parentSnapshot;
         if (!childrenOnly) {
-            layerTransform = parentSnapshot->localTransform.inverse();
+            layerTransform = parentSnapshot.localTransform.inverse();
         }
-        layerBufferSize = parentSnapshot->bufferSize;
+        layerBufferSize = parentSnapshot.bufferSize;
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> build() const override {
-        return std::make_unique<LayerRenderArea>(layer, crop, reqSize, reqDataSpace,
-                                                 allowSecureLayers, layerTransform, layerBufferSize,
-                                                 hintForSeamlessTransition);
+        return std::make_unique<LayerRenderArea>(layer, std::move(layerSnapshot), crop, reqSize,
+                                                 reqDataSpace, allowSecureLayers, layerTransform,
+                                                 layerBufferSize, hintForSeamlessTransition);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 5181fb8..b3ddb57 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -8207,7 +8207,7 @@
                 ALOGW("Couldn't find layer snapshot for %d",
                       layerRenderAreaBuilder->layer->getSequence());
             } else {
-                layerRenderAreaBuilder->setLayerInfo(snapshot);
+                layerRenderAreaBuilder->setLayerSnapshot(*snapshot);
             }
         }
 
@@ -8302,9 +8302,8 @@
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
         const DisplayDevice* display = nullptr;
         if (parent) {
-            const frontend::LayerSnapshot* snapshot = mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled
-                    ? mLayerSnapshotBuilder.getSnapshot(parent->sequence)
-                    : parent->getLayerSnapshot();
+            const frontend::LayerSnapshot* snapshot =
+                    mLayerSnapshotBuilder.getSnapshot(parent->sequence);
             if (snapshot) {
                 display = findDisplay([layerStack = snapshot->outputFilter.layerStack](
                                               const auto& display) {