diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/Update.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/Update.h
index e5cca8f..4af27ab 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/Update.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/Update.h
@@ -22,28 +22,13 @@
 #include "RequestedLayerState.h"
 #include "TransactionState.h"
 
-namespace android {
-struct LayerCreatedState {
-    LayerCreatedState(const wp<Layer>& layer, const wp<Layer>& parent, bool addToRoot)
-          : layer(layer), initialParent(parent), addToRoot(addToRoot) {}
-    wp<Layer> layer;
-    // Indicates the initial parent of the created layer, only used for creating layer in
-    // SurfaceFlinger. If nullptr, it may add the created layer into the current root layers.
-    wp<Layer> initialParent;
-    // Indicates whether the layer getting created should be added at root if there's no parent
-    // and has permission ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER. If set to false and no parent, the layer will
-    // be added offscreen.
-    bool addToRoot;
-};
-} // namespace android
-
 namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
 
 // Atomic set of changes affecting layer state. These changes are queued in binder threads and
 // applied every vsync.
 struct Update {
     std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
-    std::vector<LayerCreatedState> layerCreatedStates;
+    std::vector<sp<Layer>> legacyLayers;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<frontend::RequestedLayerState>> newLayers;
     std::vector<LayerCreationArgs> layerCreationArgs;
     std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, std::string /* debugName */>> destroyedHandles;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 636f7bd..9e2c22a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -282,48 +282,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Layer::removeFromCurrentState() {
-    if (!mRemovedFromDrawingState) {
-        mRemovedFromDrawingState = true;
-        mFlinger->mScheduler->deregisterLayer(this);
-    }
-    updateTrustedPresentationState(nullptr, nullptr, -1 /* time_in_ms */, true /* leaveState*/);
-
-    mFlinger->markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
-}
-
-sp<Layer> Layer::getRootLayer() {
-    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
-    if (parent == nullptr) {
-        return sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this);
-    }
-    return parent->getRootLayer();
-}
-
-void Layer::onRemovedFromCurrentState() {
-    // Use the root layer since we want to maintain the hierarchy for the entire subtree.
-    auto layersInTree = getRootLayer()->getLayersInTree(LayerVector::StateSet::Current);
-    std::sort(layersInTree.begin(), layersInTree.end());
-
-    REQUIRE_MUTEX(mFlinger->mStateLock);
-    traverse(LayerVector::StateSet::Current,
-             [&](Layer* layer) REQUIRES(layer->mFlinger->mStateLock) {
-                 layer->removeFromCurrentState();
-                 layer->removeRelativeZ(layersInTree);
-             });
-}
-
-void Layer::addToCurrentState() {
-    if (mRemovedFromDrawingState) {
-        mRemovedFromDrawingState = false;
-        mFlinger->mScheduler->registerLayer(this, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& child : mCurrentChildren) {
-        child->addToCurrentState();
-    }
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // set-up
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -592,7 +550,6 @@
     snapshot->alpha = alpha;
     snapshot->backgroundBlurRadius = getBackgroundBlurRadius();
     snapshot->blurRegions = getBlurRegions();
-    snapshot->stretchEffect = getStretchEffect();
 }
 
 void Layer::prepareGeometryCompositionState() {
@@ -826,33 +783,6 @@
     mTransactionFlags |= mask;
 }
 
-bool Layer::setChildLayer(const sp<Layer>& childLayer, int32_t z) {
-    ssize_t idx = mCurrentChildren.indexOf(childLayer);
-    if (idx < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (childLayer->setLayer(z)) {
-        mCurrentChildren.removeAt(idx);
-        mCurrentChildren.add(childLayer);
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool Layer::setChildRelativeLayer(const sp<Layer>& childLayer,
-        const sp<IBinder>& relativeToHandle, int32_t relativeZ) {
-    ssize_t idx = mCurrentChildren.indexOf(childLayer);
-    if (idx < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (childLayer->setRelativeLayer(relativeToHandle, relativeZ)) {
-        mCurrentChildren.removeAt(idx);
-        mCurrentChildren.add(childLayer);
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 bool Layer::setLayer(int32_t z) {
     if (mDrawingState.z == z && !usingRelativeZ(LayerVector::StateSet::Current)) return false;
     mDrawingState.sequence++;
@@ -959,46 +889,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool Layer::setBackgroundColor(const half3& color, float alpha, ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
-    if (!mDrawingState.bgColorLayer && alpha == 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    mDrawingState.sequence++;
-    mDrawingState.modified = true;
-    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-
-    if (!mDrawingState.bgColorLayer && alpha != 0) {
-        // create background color layer if one does not yet exist
-        uint32_t flags = ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect;
-        std::string name = mName + "BackgroundColorLayer";
-        mDrawingState.bgColorLayer = mFlinger->getFactory().createEffectLayer(
-                surfaceflinger::LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, std::move(name), flags,
-                                                  LayerMetadata()));
-
-        // add to child list
-        addChild(mDrawingState.bgColorLayer);
-        mFlinger->mLayersAdded = true;
-        // set up SF to handle added color layer
-        if (isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-            MUTEX_ALIAS(mFlinger->mStateLock, mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->mFlinger->mStateLock);
-            mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->onRemovedFromCurrentState();
-        }
-        mFlinger->setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-    } else if (mDrawingState.bgColorLayer && alpha == 0) {
-        MUTEX_ALIAS(mFlinger->mStateLock, mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->mFlinger->mStateLock);
-        mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->reparent(nullptr);
-        mDrawingState.bgColorLayer = nullptr;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->setColor(color);
-    mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->setLayer(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min());
-    mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->setAlpha(alpha);
-    mDrawingState.bgColorLayer->setDataspace(dataspace);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool Layer::setCornerRadius(float cornerRadius) {
     if (mDrawingState.cornerRadius == cornerRadius) return false;
 
@@ -1149,22 +1039,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-StretchEffect Layer::getStretchEffect() const {
-    if (mDrawingState.stretchEffect.hasEffect()) {
-        return mDrawingState.stretchEffect;
-    }
-
-    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
-    if (parent != nullptr) {
-        auto effect = parent->getStretchEffect();
-        if (effect.hasEffect()) {
-            // TODO(b/179047472): Map it? Or do we make the effect be in global space?
-            return effect;
-        }
-    }
-    return StretchEffect{};
-}
-
 void Layer::setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
                                                       nsecs_t postTime, gui::GameMode gameMode) {
     mDrawingState.postTime = postTime;
@@ -1439,32 +1313,6 @@
     mFlinger->mFrameTracer->onDestroy(layerId);
 }
 
-size_t Layer::getDescendantCount() const {
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for (const sp<Layer>& child : mDrawingChildren) {
-        count += 1 + child->getChildrenCount();
-    }
-    return count;
-}
-
-void Layer::addChild(const sp<Layer>& layer) {
-    mFlinger->mSomeChildrenChanged = true;
-    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-
-    mCurrentChildren.add(layer);
-    layer->setParent(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
-}
-
-ssize_t Layer::removeChild(const sp<Layer>& layer) {
-    mFlinger->mSomeChildrenChanged = true;
-    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-
-    layer->setParent(nullptr);
-    const auto removeResult = mCurrentChildren.remove(layer);
-
-    return removeResult;
-}
-
 void Layer::setChildrenDrawingParent(const sp<Layer>& newParent) {
     for (const sp<Layer>& child : mDrawingChildren) {
         child->mDrawingParent = newParent;
@@ -1475,39 +1323,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool Layer::reparent(const sp<IBinder>& newParentHandle) {
-    sp<Layer> newParent;
-    if (newParentHandle != nullptr) {
-        newParent = LayerHandle::getLayer(newParentHandle);
-        if (newParent == nullptr) {
-            ALOGE("Unable to promote Layer handle");
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (newParent == this) {
-            ALOGE("Invalid attempt to reparent Layer (%s) to itself", getName().c_str());
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    sp<Layer> parent = getParent();
-    if (parent != nullptr) {
-        parent->removeChild(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
-    }
-
-    if (newParentHandle != nullptr) {
-        newParent->addChild(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
-        if (!newParent->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-            addToCurrentState();
-        } else {
-            onRemovedFromCurrentState();
-        }
-    } else {
-        onRemovedFromCurrentState();
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool Layer::setColorTransform(const mat4& matrix) {
     static const mat4 identityMatrix = mat4();
 
@@ -1590,167 +1405,6 @@
     return traverse;
 }
 
-/**
- * Negatively signed relatives are before 'this' in Z-order.
- */
-void Layer::traverseInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet stateSet, const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-    // In the case we have other layers who are using a relative Z to us, makeTraversalList will
-    // produce a new list for traversing, including our relatives, and not including our children
-    // who are relatives of another surface. In the case that there are no relative Z,
-    // makeTraversalList returns our children directly to avoid significant overhead.
-    // However in this case we need to take the responsibility for filtering children which
-    // are relatives of another surface here.
-    bool skipRelativeZUsers = false;
-    const LayerVector list = makeTraversalList(stateSet, &skipRelativeZUsers);
-
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i < list.size(); i++) {
-        const auto& relative = list[i];
-        if (skipRelativeZUsers && relative->usingRelativeZ(stateSet)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (relative->getZ(stateSet) >= 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        relative->traverseInZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-
-    visitor(this);
-    for (; i < list.size(); i++) {
-        const auto& relative = list[i];
-
-        if (skipRelativeZUsers && relative->usingRelativeZ(stateSet)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        relative->traverseInZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Positively signed relatives are before 'this' in reverse Z-order.
- */
-void Layer::traverseInReverseZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet stateSet,
-                                    const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-    // See traverseInZOrder for documentation.
-    bool skipRelativeZUsers = false;
-    LayerVector list = makeTraversalList(stateSet, &skipRelativeZUsers);
-
-    int32_t i = 0;
-    for (i = int32_t(list.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const auto& relative = list[i];
-
-        if (skipRelativeZUsers && relative->usingRelativeZ(stateSet)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (relative->getZ(stateSet) < 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        relative->traverseInReverseZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-    visitor(this);
-    for (; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const auto& relative = list[i];
-
-        if (skipRelativeZUsers && relative->usingRelativeZ(stateSet)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        relative->traverseInReverseZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-}
-
-void Layer::traverse(LayerVector::StateSet state, const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-    visitor(this);
-    const LayerVector& children =
-          state == LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing ? mDrawingChildren : mCurrentChildren;
-    for (const sp<Layer>& child : children) {
-        child->traverse(state, visitor);
-    }
-}
-
-void Layer::traverseChildren(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-    for (const sp<Layer>& child : mDrawingChildren) {
-        visitor(child.get());
-    }
-}
-
-LayerVector Layer::makeChildrenTraversalList(LayerVector::StateSet stateSet,
-                                             const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(stateSet == LayerVector::StateSet::Invalid,
-                        "makeTraversalList received invalid stateSet");
-    const bool useDrawing = stateSet == LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing;
-    const LayerVector& children = useDrawing ? mDrawingChildren : mCurrentChildren;
-    const State& state = useDrawing ? mDrawingState : mDrawingState;
-
-    LayerVector traverse(stateSet);
-    for (const wp<Layer>& weakRelative : state.zOrderRelatives) {
-        sp<Layer> strongRelative = weakRelative.promote();
-        // Only add relative layers that are also descendents of the top most parent of the tree.
-        // If a relative layer is not a descendent, then it should be ignored.
-        if (std::binary_search(layersInTree.begin(), layersInTree.end(), strongRelative.get())) {
-            traverse.add(strongRelative);
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (const sp<Layer>& child : children) {
-        const State& childState = useDrawing ? child->mDrawingState : child->mDrawingState;
-        // If a layer has a relativeOf layer, only ignore if the layer it's relative to is a
-        // descendent of the top most parent of the tree. If it's not a descendent, then just add
-        // the child here since it won't be added later as a relative.
-        if (std::binary_search(layersInTree.begin(), layersInTree.end(),
-                               childState.zOrderRelativeOf.promote().get())) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        traverse.add(child);
-    }
-
-    return traverse;
-}
-
-void Layer::traverseChildrenInZOrderInner(const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree,
-                                          LayerVector::StateSet stateSet,
-                                          const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-    const LayerVector list = makeChildrenTraversalList(stateSet, layersInTree);
-
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i < list.size(); i++) {
-        const auto& relative = list[i];
-        if (relative->getZ(stateSet) >= 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        relative->traverseChildrenInZOrderInner(layersInTree, stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-
-    visitor(this);
-    for (; i < list.size(); i++) {
-        const auto& relative = list[i];
-        relative->traverseChildrenInZOrderInner(layersInTree, stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-}
-
-std::vector<Layer*> Layer::getLayersInTree(LayerVector::StateSet stateSet) {
-    const bool useDrawing = stateSet == LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing;
-    const LayerVector& children = useDrawing ? mDrawingChildren : mCurrentChildren;
-
-    std::vector<Layer*> layersInTree = {this};
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-        const auto& child = children[i];
-        std::vector<Layer*> childLayers = child->getLayersInTree(stateSet);
-        layersInTree.insert(layersInTree.end(), childLayers.cbegin(), childLayers.cend());
-    }
-
-    return layersInTree;
-}
-
-void Layer::traverseChildrenInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet stateSet,
-                                     const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-    std::vector<Layer*> layersInTree = getLayersInTree(stateSet);
-    std::sort(layersInTree.begin(), layersInTree.end());
-    traverseChildrenInZOrderInner(layersInTree, stateSet, visitor);
-}
-
 ui::Transform Layer::getTransform() const {
     return mEffectiveTransform;
 }
@@ -1861,27 +1515,6 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-void Layer::commitChildList() {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mCurrentChildren.size(); i++) {
-        const auto& child = mCurrentChildren[i];
-        child->commitChildList();
-    }
-    mDrawingChildren = mCurrentChildren;
-    mDrawingParent = mCurrentParent;
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY(usingRelativeZ(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing))) {
-        auto zOrderRelativeOf = mDrawingState.zOrderRelativeOf.promote();
-        if (zOrderRelativeOf == nullptr) return;
-        if (findInHierarchy(zOrderRelativeOf)) {
-            ALOGE("Detected Z ordering loop between %s and %s", mName.c_str(),
-                  zOrderRelativeOf->mName.c_str());
-            ALOGE("Severing rel Z loop, potentially dangerous");
-            mDrawingState.isRelativeOf = false;
-            zOrderRelativeOf->removeZOrderRelative(wp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
 void Layer::setInputInfo(const WindowInfo& info) {
     mDrawingState.inputInfo = info;
     mDrawingState.touchableRegionCrop =
@@ -2048,10 +1681,6 @@
                                    [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_destination_frame(); });
 }
 
-bool Layer::isRemovedFromCurrentState() const  {
-    return mRemovedFromDrawingState;
-}
-
 // Applies the given transform to the region, while protecting against overflows caused by any
 // offsets. If applying the offset in the transform to any of the Rects in the region would result
 // in an overflow, they are not added to the output Region.
@@ -2375,10 +2004,6 @@
     // There's no need to remove from drawingState when the layer is offscreen since currentState is
     // copied to drawingState for the root layer. So the clonedChild is always removed from
     // drawingState and then needs to be added back each traversal.
-    if (!mClonedChild->getClonedFrom()->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-        addChildToDrawing(mClonedChild);
-    }
-
     mClonedChild->updateClonedDrawingState(clonedLayersMap);
     mClonedChild->updateClonedChildren(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this), clonedLayersMap);
     mClonedChild->updateClonedRelatives(clonedLayersMap);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index f6eed63..e1792b5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -297,7 +297,6 @@
 
     virtual bool setMetadata(const LayerMetadata& data);
     virtual void setChildrenDrawingParent(const sp<Layer>&);
-    virtual bool reparent(const sp<IBinder>& newParentHandle) REQUIRES(mFlinger->mStateLock);
     virtual bool setColorTransform(const mat4& matrix);
     virtual mat4 getColorTransform() const;
     virtual bool hasColorTransform() const;
@@ -326,8 +325,6 @@
                            gui::GameMode gameMode);
     bool setTransactionCompletedListeners(const std::vector<sp<CallbackHandle>>& /*handles*/,
                                           bool willPresent);
-    virtual bool setBackgroundColor(const half3& color, float alpha, ui::Dataspace dataspace)
-            REQUIRES(mFlinger->mStateLock);
     virtual bool setColorSpaceAgnostic(const bool agnostic);
     virtual bool setDimmingEnabled(const bool dimmingEnabled);
     virtual bool setFixedTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags fixedTransformHint);
@@ -638,8 +635,6 @@
         return {getLayerStack(), isInternalDisplayOverlay()};
     }
 
-    bool isRemovedFromCurrentState() const;
-
     perfetto::protos::LayerProto* writeToProto(perfetto::protos::LayersProto& layersProto,
                                                uint32_t traceFlags);
     void writeCompositionStateToProto(perfetto::protos::LayerProto* layerProto,
@@ -671,22 +666,6 @@
      */
     void removeRelativeZ(const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree);
 
-    /*
-     * Remove from current state and mark for removal.
-     */
-    void removeFromCurrentState() REQUIRES(mFlinger->mStateLock);
-
-    /*
-     * called with the state lock from a binder thread when the layer is
-     * removed from the current list to the pending removal list
-     */
-    void onRemovedFromCurrentState() REQUIRES(mFlinger->mStateLock);
-
-    /*
-     * Called when the layer is added back to the current state list.
-     */
-    void addToCurrentState();
-
     inline const State& getDrawingState() const { return mDrawingState; }
     inline State& getDrawingState() { return mDrawingState; }
 
@@ -715,57 +694,9 @@
     // is ready to acquire a buffer.
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags getFixedTransformHint() const;
 
-    /**
-     * Traverse this layer and it's hierarchy of children directly. Unlike traverseInZOrder
-     * which will not emit children who have relativeZOrder to another layer, this method
-     * just directly emits all children. It also emits them in no particular order.
-     * So this method is not suitable for graphical operations, as it doesn't represent
-     * the scene state, but it's also more efficient than traverseInZOrder and so useful for
-     * book-keeping.
-     */
-    void traverse(LayerVector::StateSet, const LayerVector::Visitor&);
-    void traverseInReverseZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet, const LayerVector::Visitor&);
-    void traverseInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet, const LayerVector::Visitor&);
-    void traverseChildren(const LayerVector::Visitor&);
-
-    /**
-     * Traverse only children in z order, ignoring relative layers that are not children of the
-     * parent.
-     */
-    void traverseChildrenInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet, const LayerVector::Visitor&);
-
-    size_t getDescendantCount() const;
-    size_t getChildrenCount() const { return mDrawingChildren.size(); }
     bool isHandleAlive() const { return mHandleAlive; }
     bool onHandleDestroyed() { return mHandleAlive = false; }
-
-    // ONLY CALL THIS FROM THE LAYER DTOR!
-    // See b/141111965.  We need to add current children to offscreen layers in
-    // the layer dtor so as not to dangle layers.  Since the layer has not
-    // committed its transaction when the layer is destroyed, we must add
-    // current children.  This is safe in the dtor as we will no longer update
-    // the current state, but should not be called anywhere else!
-    LayerVector& getCurrentChildren() { return mCurrentChildren; }
-
-    void addChild(const sp<Layer>&);
-    // Returns index if removed, or negative value otherwise
-    // for symmetry with Vector::remove
-    ssize_t removeChild(const sp<Layer>& layer);
-    sp<Layer> getParent() const { return mCurrentParent.promote(); }
-
-    // Should be called with the surfaceflinger statelock held
-    bool isAtRoot() const { return mIsAtRoot; }
-    void setIsAtRoot(bool isAtRoot) { mIsAtRoot = isAtRoot; }
-
-    bool hasParent() const { return getParent() != nullptr; }
     Rect getScreenBounds(bool reduceTransparentRegion = true) const;
-    bool setChildLayer(const sp<Layer>& childLayer, int32_t z);
-    bool setChildRelativeLayer(const sp<Layer>& childLayer,
-            const sp<IBinder>& relativeToHandle, int32_t relativeZ);
-
-    // Copy the current list of children to the drawing state. Called by
-    // SurfaceFlinger to complete a transaction.
-    void commitChildList();
     int32_t getZ(LayerVector::StateSet) const;
 
     /**
@@ -855,7 +786,6 @@
     }
 
     bool setStretchEffect(const StretchEffect& effect);
-    StretchEffect getStretchEffect() const;
 
     bool setBufferCrop(const Rect& /* bufferCrop */);
     bool setDestinationFrame(const Rect& /* destinationFrame */);
@@ -1086,19 +1016,6 @@
             const DisplayDevice&) const;
     aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition getCompositionType(
             const compositionengine::OutputLayer*) const;
-    /**
-     * Returns an unsorted vector of all layers that are part of this tree.
-     * That includes the current layer and all its descendants.
-     */
-    std::vector<Layer*> getLayersInTree(LayerVector::StateSet);
-    /**
-     * Traverses layers that are part of this tree in the correct z order.
-     * layersInTree must be sorted before calling this method.
-     */
-    void traverseChildrenInZOrderInner(const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree,
-                                       LayerVector::StateSet, const LayerVector::Visitor&);
-    LayerVector makeChildrenTraversalList(LayerVector::StateSet,
-                                          const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree);
 
     bool propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool overrideChildren,
                                         bool* transactionNeeded);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp
index f52e60d..ff0a955 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp
@@ -61,35 +61,6 @@
     return (l->sequence > r->sequence) ? 1 : -1;
 }
 
-void LayerVector::traverseInZOrder(StateSet stateSet, const Visitor& visitor) const {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
-        const auto& layer = (*this)[i];
-        auto& state = layer->getDrawingState();
-        if (state.isRelativeOf) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        layer->traverseInZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-    }
-}
-
-void LayerVector::traverseInReverseZOrder(StateSet stateSet, const Visitor& visitor) const {
-    for (auto i = static_cast<int64_t>(size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const auto& layer = (*this)[i];
-        auto& state = layer->getDrawingState();
-        if (state.isRelativeOf) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        layer->traverseInReverseZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-     }
-}
-
-void LayerVector::traverse(const Visitor& visitor) const {
-    for (auto i = static_cast<int64_t>(size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const auto& layer = (*this)[i];
-        layer->traverse(mStateSet, visitor);
-    }
-}
-
 } // namespace android
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.h
index a531f4f..38dc11d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.h
@@ -46,11 +46,8 @@
 
     // Sorts layer by layer-stack, Z order, and finally creation order (sequence).
     int do_compare(const void* lhs, const void* rhs) const override;
-
     using Visitor = std::function<void(Layer*)>;
-    void traverseInReverseZOrder(StateSet stateSet, const Visitor& visitor) const;
-    void traverseInZOrder(StateSet stateSet, const Visitor& visitor) const;
-    void traverse(const Visitor& visitor) const;
+
 private:
     const StateSet mStateSet;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 71344fd..56f9d95 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -2371,7 +2371,7 @@
         {
             // TODO(b/238781169) lockless queue this and keep order.
             std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
-            update.layerCreatedStates = std::move(mCreatedLayers);
+            update.legacyLayers = std::move(mCreatedLayers);
             mCreatedLayers.clear();
             update.newLayers = std::move(mNewLayers);
             mNewLayers.clear();
@@ -2390,11 +2390,8 @@
         }
         mLayerLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(update.transactions);
         mLayerLifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed(update.destroyedHandles);
-        for (auto& legacyLayer : update.layerCreatedStates) {
-            sp<Layer> layer = legacyLayer.layer.promote();
-            if (layer) {
-                mLegacyLayers[layer->sequence] = layer;
-            }
+        for (auto& legacyLayer : update.legacyLayers) {
+            mLegacyLayers[legacyLayer->sequence] = legacyLayer;
         }
         mLayerHierarchyBuilder.update(mLayerLifecycleManager);
     }
@@ -4336,36 +4333,9 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::doCommitTransactions() {
     SFTRACE_CALL();
-
-    if (!mLayersPendingRemoval.isEmpty()) {
-        // Notify removed layers now that they can't be drawn from
-        for (const auto& l : mLayersPendingRemoval) {
-            // Ensure any buffers set to display on any children are released.
-            if (l->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-                l->latchAndReleaseBuffer();
-            }
-
-            // If a layer has a parent, we allow it to out-live it's handle
-            // with the idea that the parent holds a reference and will eventually
-            // be cleaned up. However no one cleans up the top-level so we do so
-            // here.
-            if (l->isAtRoot()) {
-                l->setIsAtRoot(false);
-                mCurrentState.layersSortedByZ.remove(l);
-            }
-        }
-        mLayersPendingRemoval.clear();
-    }
-
     mDrawingState = mCurrentState;
     mCurrentState.colorMatrixChanged = false;
 
-    if (mVisibleRegionsDirty) {
-        for (const auto& rootLayer : mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ) {
-            rootLayer->commitChildList();
-        }
-    }
-
     if (mLayerMirrorRoots.size() > 0) {
         std::deque<Layer*> pendingUpdates;
         pendingUpdates.insert(pendingUpdates.end(), mLayerMirrorRoots.begin(),
@@ -4373,9 +4343,6 @@
         std::vector<Layer*> needsUpdating;
         for (Layer* cloneRoot : mLayerMirrorRoots) {
             pendingUpdates.pop_front();
-            if (cloneRoot->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-                continue;
-            }
             if (cloneRoot->updateMirrorInfo(pendingUpdates)) {
             } else {
                 needsUpdating.push_back(cloneRoot);
@@ -4427,7 +4394,7 @@
     args.layerIdToMirror = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.mirrorLayerHandle.promote());
     {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
-        mCreatedLayers.emplace_back(layer, parent, args.addToRoot);
+        mCreatedLayers.emplace_back(layer);
         mNewLayers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<frontend::RequestedLayerState>(args));
         args.mirrorLayerHandle.clear();
         args.parentHandle.clear();
@@ -5268,33 +5235,22 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(const sp<Layer>& layer) {
-    mLayersPendingRemoval.add(layer);
-    mLayersRemoved = true;
-    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::onHandleDestroyed(BBinder* handle, sp<Layer>& layer, uint32_t layerId) {
     {
-        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
-        mDestroyedHandles.emplace_back(layerId, layer->getDebugName());
-    }
-
-    {
         // Used to remove stalled transactions which uses an internal lock.
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
         mTransactionHandler.onLayerDestroyed(layerId);
     }
-
     JankTracker::flushJankData(layerId);
 
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-    markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(layer);
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
+    mDestroyedHandles.emplace_back(layerId, layer->getDebugName());
+
+    Mutex::Autolock stateLock(mStateLock);
     layer->onHandleDestroyed();
     mBufferCountTracker.remove(handle);
     layer.clear();
-
-    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
+    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded | eTransactionNeeded);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::initializeDisplays() {
@@ -7692,18 +7648,6 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::State::traverse(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const {
-    layersSortedByZ.traverse(visitor);
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::State::traverseInZOrder(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const {
-    layersSortedByZ.traverseInZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::State::traverseInReverseZOrder(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const {
-    layersSortedByZ.traverseInReverseZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
-}
-
 ftl::Optional<scheduler::FrameRateMode> SurfaceFlinger::getPreferredDisplayMode(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId, DisplayModeId defaultModeId) const {
     if (const auto schedulerMode = mScheduler->getPreferredDisplayMode();
@@ -7872,16 +7816,12 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onLayerFirstRef(Layer* layer) {
     mNumLayers++;
-    if (!layer->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-        mScheduler->registerLayer(layer, scheduler::FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
-    }
+    mScheduler->registerLayer(layer, scheduler::FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onLayerDestroyed(Layer* layer) {
     mNumLayers--;
-    if (!layer->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-        mScheduler->deregisterLayer(layer);
-    }
+    mScheduler->deregisterLayer(layer);
     if (mTransactionTracing) {
         mTransactionTracing->onLayerRemoved(layer->getSequence());
     }
@@ -8034,37 +7974,6 @@
     return calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(refreshRate, presentLatency);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::handleLayerCreatedLocked(const LayerCreatedState& state, VsyncId vsyncId) {
-    sp<Layer> layer = state.layer.promote();
-    if (!layer) {
-        ALOGD("Layer was destroyed soon after creation %p", state.layer.unsafe_get());
-        return;
-    }
-    MUTEX_ALIAS(mStateLock, layer->mFlinger->mStateLock);
-
-    sp<Layer> parent;
-    bool addToRoot = state.addToRoot;
-    if (state.initialParent != nullptr) {
-        parent = state.initialParent.promote();
-        if (parent == nullptr) {
-            ALOGD("Parent was destroyed soon after creation %p", state.initialParent.unsafe_get());
-            addToRoot = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (parent == nullptr && addToRoot) {
-        layer->setIsAtRoot(true);
-        mCurrentState.layersSortedByZ.add(layer);
-    } else if (parent == nullptr) {
-        layer->onRemovedFromCurrentState();
-    } else if (parent->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-        parent->addChild(layer);
-        layer->onRemovedFromCurrentState();
-    } else {
-        parent->addChild(layer);
-    }
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::sample() {
     if (!mLumaSampling || !mRegionSamplingThread) {
         return;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 282c8cf..cee9160 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -389,11 +389,10 @@
 
     class State {
     public:
-        explicit State(LayerVector::StateSet set) : stateSet(set), layersSortedByZ(set) {}
+        explicit State(LayerVector::StateSet set) : stateSet(set) {}
         State& operator=(const State& other) {
             // We explicitly don't copy stateSet so that, e.g., mDrawingState
             // always uses the Drawing StateSet.
-            layersSortedByZ = other.layersSortedByZ;
             displays = other.displays;
             colorMatrixChanged = other.colorMatrixChanged;
             if (colorMatrixChanged) {
@@ -405,7 +404,6 @@
         }
 
         const LayerVector::StateSet stateSet = LayerVector::StateSet::Invalid;
-        LayerVector layersSortedByZ;
 
         // TODO(b/241285876): Replace deprecated DefaultKeyedVector with ftl::SmallMap.
         DefaultKeyedVector<wp<IBinder>, DisplayDeviceState> displays;
@@ -425,10 +423,6 @@
         mat4 colorMatrix;
 
         ShadowSettings globalShadowSettings;
-
-        void traverse(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const;
-        void traverseInZOrder(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const;
-        void traverseInReverseZOrder(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const;
     };
 
     // Keeps track of pending buffers per layer handle in the transaction queue or current/drawing
@@ -847,8 +841,6 @@
     status_t mirrorDisplay(DisplayId displayId, const LayerCreationArgs& args,
                            gui::CreateSurfaceResult& outResult);
 
-    void markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(const sp<Layer>& layer) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     // add a layer to SurfaceFlinger
     status_t addClientLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
                             const sp<Layer>& layer, const wp<Layer>& parentLayer,
@@ -1202,7 +1194,6 @@
     State mCurrentState{LayerVector::StateSet::Current};
     std::atomic<int32_t> mTransactionFlags = 0;
     std::atomic<uint32_t> mUniqueTransactionId = 1;
-    SortedVector<sp<Layer>> mLayersPendingRemoval;
 
     // Buffers that have been discarded by clients and need to be evicted from per-layer caches so
     // the graphics memory can be immediately freed.
@@ -1392,13 +1383,6 @@
     std::unordered_map<DisplayId, sp<HdrLayerInfoReporter>> mHdrLayerInfoListeners
             GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
 
-    mutable std::mutex mCreatedLayersLock;
-
-    // A temporay pool that store the created layers and will be added to current state in main
-    // thread.
-    std::vector<LayerCreatedState> mCreatedLayers GUARDED_BY(mCreatedLayersLock);
-    void handleLayerCreatedLocked(const LayerCreatedState&, VsyncId) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     std::atomic<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
 
     // Must only be accessed on the main thread.
@@ -1439,6 +1423,8 @@
     frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
     frontend::LayerSnapshotBuilder mLayerSnapshotBuilder GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
 
+    mutable std::mutex mCreatedLayersLock;
+    std::vector<sp<Layer>> mCreatedLayers GUARDED_BY(mCreatedLayersLock);
     std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, std::string>> mDestroyedHandles GUARDED_BY(mCreatedLayersLock);
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<frontend::RequestedLayerState>> mNewLayers
             GUARDED_BY(mCreatedLayersLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 358f6b0..45ca7e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -884,7 +884,6 @@
             mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(Cycle::Render, {}, layer->getHandle());
 
     layer.clear();
-    mFlinger.mutableLayersPendingRemoval().clear();
     EXPECT_TRUE(mScheduler->mutableAttachedChoreographers().empty());
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index a6a2758..710b5cc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -721,7 +721,6 @@
     }
 
     auto& mutableMinAcquiredBuffers() { return SurfaceFlinger::minAcquiredBuffers; }
-    auto& mutableLayersPendingRemoval() { return mFlinger->mLayersPendingRemoval; }
     auto& mutableLayerSnapshotBuilder() { return mFlinger->mLayerSnapshotBuilder; };
 
     auto fromHandle(const sp<IBinder>& handle) { return LayerHandle::getLayer(handle); }
@@ -789,7 +788,6 @@
         mutableDisplays().clear();
         mutableCurrentState().displays.clear();
         mutableDrawingState().displays.clear();
-        mFlinger->mLayersPendingRemoval.clear();
         mFlinger->mScheduler.reset();
         mFlinger->mCompositionEngine->setHwComposer(std::unique_ptr<HWComposer>());
         mFlinger->mRenderEngine = std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
index 7bf1674..f8f08c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include "Client.h"
+#include "Layer.h"
 
 #include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
index 9f6065b..e27af0e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
@@ -128,12 +128,10 @@
             NativeHandle::create(reinterpret_cast<native_handle_t*>(DEFAULT_SIDEBAND_STREAM),
                                  false);
     layer->setSidebandStream(stream, FrameTimelineInfo{}, 20, gui::GameMode::Unsupported);
-    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.add(layer);
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->addListener(mTunnelModeEnabledListener);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, mTunnelModeEnabledListener->mTunnelModeEnabled);
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->removeListener(mTunnelModeEnabledListener);
-    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.remove(layer);
     layer = nullptr;
 
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
@@ -154,12 +152,9 @@
     layerWithSidebandStream->setSidebandStream(stream, FrameTimelineInfo{}, 20,
                                                gui::GameMode::Unsupported);
 
-    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.add(simpleLayer);
-    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.add(layerWithSidebandStream);
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
     EXPECT_EQ(true, mTunnelModeEnabledListener->mTunnelModeEnabled);
 
-    mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.remove(layerWithSidebandStream);
     layerWithSidebandStream = nullptr;
     mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->updateTunnelModeStatus();
     EXPECT_EQ(false, mTunnelModeEnabledListener->mTunnelModeEnabled);