diff --git a/include/android/surface_control.h b/include/android/surface_control.h
index 082387e..fb1419f 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control.h
@@ -236,6 +236,10 @@
  * it is acquired. If no acquire_fence_fd was provided, this timestamp will be set to -1.
  *
  * Available since API level 29.
+ *
+ * @deprecated This may return SIGNAL_PENDING because the stats can arrive before the acquire
+ * fence has signaled, depending on internal timing differences. Therefore the caller should
+ * use the acquire fence passed in to setBuffer and query the signal time.
  */
 int64_t ASurfaceTransactionStats_getAcquireTime(ASurfaceTransactionStats* surface_transaction_stats,
                                                 ASurfaceControl* surface_control)
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control_input_receiver.h b/include/android/surface_control_input_receiver.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd2c5df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/android/surface_control_input_receiver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <android/input.h>
+#include <android/surface_control.h>
+#include <android/input_transfer_token_jni.h>
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+/**
+ * The AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent callback is invoked when the registered input channel receives
+ * a motion event.
+ *
+ * \param context Optional context provided by the client that is passed when creating the
+ * AInputReceiverCallbacks.
+ *
+ * \param motionEvent The motion event. This must be released with AInputEvent_release.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+typedef bool (*AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent)(void *_Null_unspecified context,
+                                             AInputEvent *_Nonnull motionEvent)
+                                            __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+/**
+ * The AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent callback is invoked when the registered input channel receives
+ * a key event.
+ *
+ * \param context Optional context provided by the client that is passed when creating the
+ * AInputReceiverCallbacks.
+ *
+ * \param keyEvent The key event. This must be released with AInputEvent_release.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+typedef bool (*AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent)(void *_Null_unspecified context,
+                                          AInputEvent *_Nonnull keyEvent)
+                                          __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+struct AInputReceiverCallbacks;
+
+struct AInputReceiver;
+
+/**
+ * The InputReceiver that holds the reference to the registered input channel. This must be released
+ * using AInputReceiver_release
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+typedef struct AInputReceiver AInputReceiver __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Registers an input receiver for an ASurfaceControl that will receive batched input event. For
+ * those events that are batched, the invocation will happen once per AChoreographer frame, and
+ * other input events will be delivered immediately.
+ *
+ * This is different from AInputReceiver_createUnbatchedInputReceiver in that the input events are
+ * received batched. The caller must invoke AInputReceiver_release to cleanv up the resources when
+ * no longer needing to use the input receiver.
+ *
+ * \param aChoreographer         The AChoreographer used for batching. This should match the
+ *                               rendering AChoreographer.
+ * \param hostInputTransferToken The host token to link the embedded. This is used to handle
+ *                               transferring touch gesture from host to embedded and for ANRs
+ *                               to ensure the host receives the ANR if any issues with
+ *                               touch on the embedded. This can be retrieved for the host window
+ *                               by calling AttachedSurfaceControl#getInputTransferToken()
+ * \param aSurfaceControl        The ASurfaceControl to register the InputChannel for
+ * \param aInputReceiverCallbacks The SurfaceControlInputReceiver that will receive the input events
+ *
+ * Returns the reference to AInputReceiver to clean up resources when done.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputReceiver* _Nonnull
+AInputReceiver_createBatchedInputReceiver(AChoreographer* _Nonnull aChoreographer,
+                                        const AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull hostInputTransferToken,
+                                        const ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull aSurfaceControl,
+                                        AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull aInputReceiverCallbacks)
+                                        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Registers an input receiver for an ASurfaceControl that will receive every input event.
+ * This is different from AInputReceiver_createBatchedInputReceiver in that the input events are
+ * received unbatched. The caller must invoke AInputReceiver_release to clean up the resources when
+ * no longer needing to use the input receiver.
+ *
+ * \param aLooper                The looper to use when invoking callbacks.
+ * \param hostInputTransferToken The host token to link the embedded. This is used to handle
+ *                               transferring touch gesture from host to embedded and for ANRs
+ *                               to ensure the host receives the ANR if any issues with
+ *                               touch on the embedded. This can be retrieved for the host window
+ *                               by calling AttachedSurfaceControl#getInputTransferToken()
+ * \param aSurfaceControl        The ASurfaceControl to register the InputChannel for
+ * \param aInputReceiverCallbacks The SurfaceControlInputReceiver that will receive the input events
+ *
+ * Returns the reference to AInputReceiver to clean up resources when done.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputReceiver* _Nonnull
+AInputReceiver_createUnbatchedInputReceiver(ALooper* _Nonnull aLooper,
+                                         const AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull hostInputTransferToken,
+                                         const ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull aSurfaceControl,
+                                         AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull aInputReceiverCallbacks)
+                                         __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the AInputTransferToken that can be used to transfer touch gesture to or from other
+ * windows. This InputTransferToken is associated with the SurfaceControl that registered an input
+ * receiver and can be used with the host token for things like transfer touch gesture via
+ * WindowManager#transferTouchGesture().
+ *
+ * This must be released with AInputTransferToken_release.
+ *
+ * \param aInputReceiver The inputReceiver object to retrieve the AInputTransferToken for.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+const AInputTransferToken *_Nonnull
+AInputReceiver_getInputTransferToken(AInputReceiver *_Nonnull aInputReceiver)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Unregisters the input channel and deletes the AInputReceiver. This must be called on the same
+ * looper thread it was created with.
+ *
+ * \param aInputReceiver The inputReceiver object to release.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void
+AInputReceiver_release(AInputReceiver *_Nonnull aInputReceiver) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Creates a AInputReceiverCallbacks object that is used when registering for an AInputReceiver.
+ * This must be released using AInputReceiverCallbacks_release
+ *
+ * \param context Optional context provided by the client that will be passed into the callbacks.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull AInputReceiverCallbacks_create(void* _Nullable context)
+                                                        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Releases the AInputReceiverCallbacks. This must be called on the same
+ * looper thread the AInputReceiver was created with. The receiver will not invoke any callbacks
+ * once it's been released.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35
+ */
+void AInputReceiverCallbacks_release(AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull callbacks)
+                                     __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Sets a AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent callback for an AInputReceiverCallbacks
+ *
+ * \param callbacks The callback object to set the motion event on.
+ * \param onMotionEvent The motion event that will be invoked
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void AInputReceiverCallbacks_setMotionEventCallback(AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull callbacks,
+                                                AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent _Nonnull onMotionEvent)
+                                                __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Sets a AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent callback for an AInputReceiverCallbacks
+ *
+ * \param callbacks The callback object to set the motion event on.
+ * \param onMotionEvent The key event that will be invoked
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void AInputReceiverCallbacks_setKeyEventCallback(AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull callbacks,
+                                                 AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent _Nonnull onKeyEvent)
+                                                 __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+__END_DECLS
diff --git a/include/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h b/include/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e48b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+#include "InputTransport.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * An interface to receive batched input events. Even if you don't want batching, you still have to
+ * use this interface, and some of the events will be batched if your implementation is slow to
+ * handle the incoming input.
+ */
+class InputConsumerCallbacks {
+public:
+    virtual ~InputConsumerCallbacks(){};
+    virtual void onKeyEvent(std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onMotionEvent(std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    /**
+     * When you receive this callback, you must (eventually) call "consumeBatchedInputEvents".
+     * If you don't want batching, then call "consumeBatchedInputEvents" immediately with
+     * std::nullopt frameTime to receive the pending motion event(s).
+     * @param pendingBatchSource the source of the pending batch.
+     */
+    virtual void onBatchedInputEventPending(int32_t pendingBatchSource) = 0;
+    virtual void onFocusEvent(std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onCaptureEvent(std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onDragEvent(std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onTouchModeEvent(std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Consumes input events from an input channel.
+ *
+ * This is a re-implementation of InputConsumer that does not have resampling at the current moment.
+ * A lot of the higher-level logic has been folded into this class, to make it easier to use.
+ * In the legacy class, InputConsumer, the consumption logic was partially handled in the jni layer,
+ * as well as various actions like adding the fd to the Choreographer.
+ *
+ * TODO(b/297226446): use this instead of "InputConsumer":
+ * - Add resampling to this class
+ * - Allow various resampling strategies to be specified
+ * - Delete the old "InputConsumer" and use this class instead, renaming it to "InputConsumer".
+ * - Add tracing
+ * - Update all tests to use the new InputConsumer
+ *
+ * This class is not thread-safe. We are currently allowing the constructor to run on any thread,
+ * but all of the remaining APIs should be invoked on the looper thread only.
+ */
+class InputConsumerNoResampling final {
+public:
+    explicit InputConsumerNoResampling(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
+                                       sp<Looper> looper, InputConsumerCallbacks& callbacks);
+    ~InputConsumerNoResampling();
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called exactly once for each event received through the callbacks.
+     */
+    void finishInputEvent(uint32_t seq, bool handled);
+    void reportTimeline(int32_t inputEventId, nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime, nsecs_t presentTime);
+    /**
+     * If you want to consume all events immediately (disable batching), the you still must call
+     * this. For frameTime, use a std::nullopt.
+     * @param frameTime the time up to which consume the events. When there's double (or triple)
+     * buffering, you may want to not consume all events currently available, because you could be
+     * still working on an older frame, but there could already have been events that arrived that
+     * are more recent.
+     * @return whether any events were actually consumed
+     */
+    bool consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::optional<nsecs_t> frameTime);
+    /**
+     * Returns true when there is *likely* a pending batch or a pending event in the channel.
+     *
+     * This is only a performance hint and may return false negative results. Clients should not
+     * rely on availability of the message based on the return value.
+     */
+    bool probablyHasInput() const;
+
+    std::string getName() { return mChannel->getName(); }
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> mChannel;
+    sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    InputConsumerCallbacks& mCallbacks;
+
+    // Looper-related infrastructure
+    /**
+     * This class is needed to associate the function "handleReceiveCallback" with the provided
+     * looper. The callback sent to the looper is RefBase - based, so we can't just send a reference
+     * of this class directly to the looper.
+     */
+    class LooperEventCallback : public LooperCallback {
+    public:
+        LooperEventCallback(std::function<int(int events)> callback) : mCallback(callback) {}
+        int handleEvent(int /*fd*/, int events, void* /*data*/) override {
+            return mCallback(events);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::function<int(int events)> mCallback;
+    };
+    sp<LooperEventCallback> mCallback;
+    /**
+     * The actual code that executes when the looper encounters available data on the InputChannel.
+     */
+    int handleReceiveCallback(int events);
+    int mFdEvents;
+    void setFdEvents(int events);
+
+    void ensureCalledOnLooperThread(const char* func) const;
+
+    // Event-reading infrastructure
+    /**
+     * A fifo queue of events to be sent to the InputChannel. We can't send all InputMessages to
+     * the channel immediately when they are produced, because it's possible that the InputChannel
+     * is blocked (if the channel buffer is full). When that happens, we don't want to drop the
+     * events. Therefore, events should only be erased from the queue after they've been
+     * successfully written to the InputChannel.
+     */
+    std::queue<InputMessage> mOutboundQueue;
+    /**
+     * Try to send all of the events in mOutboundQueue over the InputChannel. Not all events might
+     * actually get sent, because it's possible that the channel is blocked.
+     */
+    void processOutboundEvents();
+
+    /**
+     * The time at which each event with the sequence number 'seq' was consumed.
+     * This data is provided in 'finishInputEvent' so that the receiving end can measure the latency
+     * This collection is populated when the event is received, and the entries are erased when the
+     * events are finished. It should not grow infinitely because if an event is not ack'd, ANR
+     * will be raised for that connection, and no further events will be posted to that channel.
+     */
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*seq*/, nsecs_t /*consumeTime*/> mConsumeTimes;
+    /**
+     * Find and return the consumeTime associated with the provided sequence number. Crashes if
+     * the provided seq number is not found.
+     */
+    nsecs_t popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq);
+
+    // Event reading and processing
+    /**
+     * Read all of the available events from the InputChannel
+     */
+    std::vector<InputMessage> readAllMessages();
+
+    /**
+     * Send InputMessage to the corresponding InputConsumerCallbacks function.
+     * @param msg
+     */
+    void handleMessage(const InputMessage& msg) const;
+
+    // Batching
+    /**
+     * Batch messages that can be batched. When an unbatchable message is encountered, send it
+     * to the InputConsumerCallbacks immediately. If there are batches remaining,
+     * notify InputConsumerCallbacks.
+     */
+    void handleMessages(std::vector<InputMessage>&& messages);
+    /**
+     * Batched InputMessages, per deviceId.
+     * For each device, we are storing a queue of batched messages. These will all be collapsed into
+     * a single MotionEvent (up to a specific frameTime) when the consumer calls
+     * `consumeBatchedInputEvents`.
+     */
+    std::map<DeviceId, std::queue<InputMessage>> mBatches;
+    /**
+     * A map from a single sequence number to several sequence numbers. This is needed because of
+     * batching. When batching is enabled, a single MotionEvent will contain several samples. Each
+     * sample came from an individual InputMessage of Type::Motion, and therefore will have to be
+     * finished individually. Therefore, when the app calls "finish" on a (possibly batched)
+     * MotionEvent, we will need to check this map in case there are multiple sequence numbers
+     * associated with a single number that the app provided.
+     *
+     * For example:
+     * Suppose we received 4 InputMessage's of type Motion, with action MOVE:
+     * InputMessage(MOVE)   InputMessage(MOVE)   InputMessage(MOVE)   InputMessage(MOVE)
+     *    seq=10               seq=11               seq=12               seq=13
+     * The app consumed them all as a batch, which means that the app received a single MotionEvent
+     * with historySize=3 and seq = 10.
+     *
+     * This map will look like:
+     * {
+     *   10: [11, 12, 13],
+     * }
+     * So the sequence number 10 will have 3 other sequence numbers associated with it.
+     * When the app calls 'finish' for seq=10, we need to call 'finish' 4 times total, for sequence
+     * numbers 10, 11, 12, 13. The app is not aware of the sequence numbers of each sample inside
+     * the batched MotionEvent that it received.
+     */
+    std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<uint32_t>> mBatchedSequenceNumbers;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp b/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
index ccf3ce8..30dbddd 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
     llndk: {
         symbol_file: "libbinder_ndk.map.txt",
+        export_llndk_headers: ["libvendorsupport_llndk_headers"],
     },
 
     export_include_dirs: [
@@ -79,9 +80,11 @@
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
+        "libvendorsupport_llndk_headers",
         "jni_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libvendorsupport_llndk_headers",
         "jni_headers",
     ],
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h
index 864ff50..3aacbe9 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::os {
 
+#if defined(__ANDROID_VENDOR__)
+#define AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 constexpr(__ANDROID_VENDOR_API__ >= 202404)
+#else
+// TODO(b/322384429) switch this to __ANDROID_API_V__ when V is finalized
+#define AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, *))
+#endif
+
 /**
  * Wrapper class that enables interop with AIDL NDK generation
  * Takes ownership of the APersistableBundle* given to it in reset() and will automatically
@@ -32,7 +39,7 @@
 class PersistableBundle {
    public:
     PersistableBundle() noexcept {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             mPBundle = APersistableBundle_new();
         }
     }
@@ -42,13 +49,13 @@
     PersistableBundle(PersistableBundle&& other) noexcept : mPBundle(other.release()) {}
     // duplicates, does not take ownership of the APersistableBundle*
     PersistableBundle(const PersistableBundle& other) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             mPBundle = APersistableBundle_dup(other.mPBundle);
         }
     }
     // duplicates, does not take ownership of the APersistableBundle*
     PersistableBundle& operator=(const PersistableBundle& other) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             mPBundle = APersistableBundle_dup(other.mPBundle);
         }
         return *this;
@@ -58,7 +65,7 @@
 
     binder_status_t readFromParcel(const AParcel* _Nonnull parcel) {
         reset();
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_readFromParcel(parcel, &mPBundle);
         } else {
             return STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@
         if (!mPBundle) {
             return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_writeToParcel(mPBundle, parcel);
         } else {
             return STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -84,7 +91,7 @@
      */
     void reset(APersistableBundle* _Nullable pBundle = nullptr) noexcept {
         if (mPBundle) {
-            if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+            if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
                 APersistableBundle_delete(mPBundle);
             }
             mPBundle = nullptr;
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@
      * what should be used to check for equality.
      */
     bool deepEquals(const PersistableBundle& rhs) const {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_isEqual(get(), rhs.get());
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -136,7 +143,7 @@
     inline std::string toString() const {
         if (!mPBundle) {
             return "<PersistableBundle: null>";
-        } else if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        } else if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             std::ostringstream os;
             os << "<PersistableBundle: ";
             os << "size: " << std::to_string(APersistableBundle_size(mPBundle));
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@
     }
 
     int32_t size() const {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_size(mPBundle);
         } else {
             return 0;
@@ -155,7 +162,7 @@
     }
 
     int32_t erase(const std::string& key) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_erase(mPBundle, key.c_str());
         } else {
             return 0;
@@ -163,37 +170,37 @@
     }
 
     void putBoolean(const std::string& key, bool val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putBoolean(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putInt(const std::string& key, int32_t val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putInt(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putLong(const std::string& key, int64_t val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putLong(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putDouble(const std::string& key, double val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putDouble(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putString(const std::string& key, const std::string& val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putString(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val.c_str());
         }
     }
 
     void putBooleanVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<bool>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             // std::vector<bool> has no ::data().
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
@@ -210,7 +217,7 @@
     }
 
     void putIntVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<int32_t>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 APersistableBundle_putIntVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), vec.data(), num);
@@ -218,7 +225,7 @@
         }
     }
     void putLongVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<int64_t>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 APersistableBundle_putLongVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), vec.data(), num);
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@
         }
     }
     void putDoubleVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<double>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 APersistableBundle_putDoubleVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), vec.data(), num);
@@ -234,7 +241,7 @@
         }
     }
     void putStringVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<std::string>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 char** inVec = (char**)malloc(num * sizeof(char*));
@@ -249,13 +256,13 @@
         }
     }
     void putPersistableBundle(const std::string& key, const PersistableBundle& pBundle) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putPersistableBundle(mPBundle, key.c_str(), pBundle.mPBundle);
         }
     }
 
     bool getBoolean(const std::string& key, bool* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getBoolean(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -263,7 +270,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getInt(const std::string& key, int32_t* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getInt(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -271,7 +278,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getLong(const std::string& key, int64_t* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getLong(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -279,7 +286,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getDouble(const std::string& key, double* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getDouble(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -291,7 +298,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getString(const std::string& key, std::string* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             char* outString = nullptr;
             bool ret = APersistableBundle_getString(mPBundle, key.c_str(), &outString,
                                                     &stringAllocator, nullptr);
@@ -309,7 +316,7 @@
                                                    const char* _Nonnull, T* _Nullable, int32_t),
                         const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
                         std::vector<T>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t bytes = 0;
             // call first with nullptr to get required size in bytes
             bytes = getVec(pBundle, key, nullptr, 0);
@@ -331,28 +338,28 @@
     }
 
     bool getBooleanVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<bool>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<bool>(&APersistableBundle_getBooleanVector, mPBundle, key.c_str(),
                                         vec);
         }
         return false;
     }
     bool getIntVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<int32_t>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<int32_t>(&APersistableBundle_getIntVector, mPBundle, key.c_str(),
                                            vec);
         }
         return false;
     }
     bool getLongVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<int64_t>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<int64_t>(&APersistableBundle_getLongVector, mPBundle, key.c_str(),
                                            vec);
         }
         return false;
     }
     bool getDoubleVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<double>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<double>(&APersistableBundle_getDoubleVector, mPBundle,
                                           key.c_str(), vec);
         }
@@ -377,7 +384,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getStringVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<std::string>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t bytes = APersistableBundle_getStringVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), nullptr, 0,
                                                                &stringAllocator, nullptr);
             if (bytes > 0) {
@@ -394,7 +401,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getPersistableBundle(const std::string& key, PersistableBundle* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle* bundle = nullptr;
             bool ret = APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundle(mPBundle, key.c_str(), &bundle);
             if (ret) {
@@ -426,77 +433,77 @@
     }
 
     std::set<std::string> getBooleanKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getBooleanKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getIntKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getIntKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getLongKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getLongKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getDoubleKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getDoubleKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getStringKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getStringKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getBooleanVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getBooleanVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getIntVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getIntVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getLongVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getLongVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getDoubleVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getDoubleVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getStringVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getStringVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getPersistableBundleKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundleKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h
index 98c0cb2..1247e8e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h
@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android/binder_parcel.h>
+#if defined(__ANDROID_VENDOR__)
+#include <android/llndk-versioning.h>
+#else
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(x)
+#endif
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
@@ -67,25 +72,26 @@
 /**
  * Create a new APersistableBundle.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \return Pointer to a new APersistableBundle
  */
-APersistableBundle* _Nullable APersistableBundle_new() __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+APersistableBundle* _Nullable APersistableBundle_new() __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Create a new APersistableBundle based off an existing APersistableBundle.
  * This is a deep copy, so the new APersistableBundle has its own values from
  * copying the original underlying PersistableBundle.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to duplicate
  *
  * \return Pointer to a new APersistableBundle
  */
 APersistableBundle* _Nullable APersistableBundle_dup(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Delete an APersistableBundle. This must always be called when finished using
@@ -93,15 +99,15 @@
  *
  * \param pBundle to delete. No-op if null.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_delete(APersistableBundle* _Nullable pBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Check for equality of APersistableBundles.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param lhs bundle to compare against the other param
  * \param rhs bundle to compare against the other param
@@ -110,12 +116,12 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_isEqual(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull lhs,
                                 const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull rhs)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Read an APersistableBundle from an AParcel.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param parcel to read from
  * \param outPBundle bundle to write to
@@ -129,12 +135,12 @@
  */
 binder_status_t APersistableBundle_readFromParcel(
         const AParcel* _Nonnull parcel, APersistableBundle* _Nullable* _Nonnull outPBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Write an APersistableBundle to an AParcel.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle bundle to write to the parcel
  * \param parcel to write to
@@ -149,25 +155,25 @@
  */
 binder_status_t APersistableBundle_writeToParcel(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                                  AParcel* _Nonnull parcel)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get the size of an APersistableBundle. This is the number of mappings in the
  * object.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to get the size of (number of mappings)
  *
  * \return number of mappings in the object
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_size(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Erase any entries added with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8 to erase
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@
  * \return number of entries erased. Either 0 or 1.
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_erase(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a boolean associated with the provided key.
@@ -185,10 +191,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putBoolean(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                   bool val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                   bool val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int32_t associated with the provided key.
@@ -198,10 +205,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putInt(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                               int32_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                               int32_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int64_t associated with the provided key.
@@ -211,10 +219,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putLong(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                int64_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                int64_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a double associated with the provided key.
@@ -224,10 +233,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putDouble(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                  double val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                  double val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a string associated with the provided key.
@@ -238,10 +248,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putString(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                  const char* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                  const char* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a boolean vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -253,11 +264,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putBooleanVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                          const char* _Nonnull key, const bool* _Nonnull vec,
-                                         int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int32_t vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -269,11 +281,11 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putIntVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
                                      const int32_t* _Nonnull vec, int32_t num)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int64_t vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -285,11 +297,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putLongVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                       const char* _Nonnull key, const int64_t* _Nonnull vec,
-                                      int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                      int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a double vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -301,11 +314,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putDoubleVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                         const char* _Nonnull key, const double* _Nonnull vec,
-                                        int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                        int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a string vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -317,12 +331,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putStringVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                         const char* _Nonnull key,
                                         const char* _Nullable const* _Nullable vec, int32_t num)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an APersistableBundle associated with the provided key.
@@ -333,17 +347,17 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putPersistableBundle(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                              const char* _Nonnull key,
                                              const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a boolean associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -353,12 +367,12 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getBoolean(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                    const char* _Nonnull key, bool* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int32_t associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -367,12 +381,13 @@
  * \return true if a value exists for the provided key
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getInt(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                               int32_t* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                               int32_t* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int64_t associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -382,12 +397,12 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getLong(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                 const char* _Nonnull key, int64_t* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a double associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -397,13 +412,13 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getDouble(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                   const char* _Nonnull key, double* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a string associated with the provided key.
  * The caller is responsible for freeing the returned data.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -418,7 +433,8 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getString(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                      const char* _Nonnull key, char* _Nullable* _Nonnull val,
                                      APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                     void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                     void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a boolean vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -445,7 +461,7 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getBooleanVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                             const char* _Nonnull key, bool* _Nullable buffer,
                                             int32_t bufferSizeBytes)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int32_t vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -471,7 +487,8 @@
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getIntVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                         const char* _Nonnull key, int32_t* _Nullable buffer,
-                                        int32_t bufferSizeBytes) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                        int32_t bufferSizeBytes) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int64_t vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -497,8 +514,8 @@
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getLongVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                          const char* _Nonnull key, int64_t* _Nullable buffer,
-                                         int32_t bufferSizeBytes)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         int32_t bufferSizeBytes) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a double vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -525,7 +542,7 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getDoubleVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                            const char* _Nonnull key, double* _Nullable buffer,
                                            int32_t bufferSizeBytes)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a string vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -562,12 +579,12 @@
                                            int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                            APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                            void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an APersistableBundle* associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -581,7 +598,7 @@
 bool APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundle(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                              const char* _Nonnull key,
                                              APersistableBundle* _Nullable* _Nonnull outBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -614,7 +631,7 @@
                                           int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                           APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                           void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -645,7 +662,8 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getIntKeys(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                       char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys, int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                       APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                      void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                      void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -676,7 +694,8 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getLongKeys(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                        char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys, int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                        APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                       void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                       void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -708,8 +727,8 @@
                                          char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys,
                                          int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                          APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                         void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -741,8 +760,8 @@
                                          char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys,
                                          int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                          APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                         void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -775,7 +794,7 @@
                                                 int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                                 APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                                 void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -808,7 +827,7 @@
                                             int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                             APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                             void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -841,7 +860,7 @@
                                              int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                              APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                              void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -873,7 +892,7 @@
                                                int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                                APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                                void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -906,7 +925,7 @@
                                                int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                                APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                                void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -937,6 +956,6 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundleKeys(
         const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys,
         int32_t bufferSizeBytes, APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-        void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
index 54290cd..0c8f3fa 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -425,4 +425,8 @@
     return iter->second;
 }
 
+const sp<Looper> Choreographer::getLooper() {
+    return mLooper;
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp
index 86bf0ee..ad0d99d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp
@@ -73,14 +73,6 @@
     touchableRegion.orSelf(region);
 }
 
-bool WindowInfo::touchableRegionContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const {
-    return touchableRegion.contains(x, y);
-}
-
-bool WindowInfo::frameContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const {
-    return x >= frame.left && x < frame.right && y >= frame.top && y < frame.bottom;
-}
-
 bool WindowInfo::supportsSplitTouch() const {
     return !inputConfig.test(InputConfig::PREVENT_SPLITTING);
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
index fc79b03..2e5aa4a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
     virtual ~Choreographer() override EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
     int64_t getFrameInterval() const;
     bool inCallback() const;
+    const sp<Looper> getLooper();
 
 private:
     Choreographer(const Choreographer&) = delete;
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
index 32d60be..2d1b51a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
@@ -254,10 +254,6 @@
 
     void addTouchableRegion(const Rect& region);
 
-    bool touchableRegionContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const;
-
-    bool frameContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const;
-
     bool supportsSplitTouch() const;
 
     bool isSpy() const;
diff --git a/libs/input/Android.bp b/libs/input/Android.bp
index 65e93a9..3278c23 100644
--- a/libs/input/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/Android.bp
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
         "AccelerationCurve.cpp",
         "Input.cpp",
         "InputConsumer.cpp",
+        "InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp",
         "InputDevice.cpp",
         "InputEventLabels.cpp",
         "InputTransport.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp b/libs/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52acb51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "InputTransport"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_INPUT
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <com_android_input_flags.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
+#include <input/TraceTools.h>
+
+namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Log debug messages relating to the consumer end of the transport channel.
+ * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportConsumer DEBUG" (requires restart)
+ */
+const bool DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER =
+        __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Consumer", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
+
+std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> createKeyEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> event = std::make_unique<KeyEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.key.eventId, msg.body.key.deviceId, msg.body.key.source,
+                      msg.body.key.displayId, msg.body.key.hmac, msg.body.key.action,
+                      msg.body.key.flags, msg.body.key.keyCode, msg.body.key.scanCode,
+                      msg.body.key.metaState, msg.body.key.repeatCount, msg.body.key.downTime,
+                      msg.body.key.eventTime);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> createFocusEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> event = std::make_unique<FocusEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.focus.eventId, msg.body.focus.hasFocus);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> createCaptureEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event = std::make_unique<CaptureEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.capture.eventId, msg.body.capture.pointerCaptureEnabled);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> createDragEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event = std::make_unique<DragEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.drag.eventId, msg.body.drag.x, msg.body.drag.y,
+                      msg.body.drag.isExiting);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> createMotionEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>();
+    const uint32_t pointerCount = msg.body.motion.pointerCount;
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
+    pointerProperties.reserve(pointerCount);
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+    pointerCoords.reserve(pointerCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties.push_back(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties);
+        pointerCoords.push_back(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords);
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set({msg.body.motion.dsdx, msg.body.motion.dtdx, msg.body.motion.tx,
+                   msg.body.motion.dtdy, msg.body.motion.dsdy, msg.body.motion.ty, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform displayTransform;
+    displayTransform.set({msg.body.motion.dsdxRaw, msg.body.motion.dtdxRaw, msg.body.motion.txRaw,
+                          msg.body.motion.dtdyRaw, msg.body.motion.dsdyRaw, msg.body.motion.tyRaw,
+                          0, 0, 1});
+    event->initialize(msg.body.motion.eventId, msg.body.motion.deviceId, msg.body.motion.source,
+                      msg.body.motion.displayId, msg.body.motion.hmac, msg.body.motion.action,
+                      msg.body.motion.actionButton, msg.body.motion.flags,
+                      msg.body.motion.edgeFlags, msg.body.motion.metaState,
+                      msg.body.motion.buttonState, msg.body.motion.classification, transform,
+                      msg.body.motion.xPrecision, msg.body.motion.yPrecision,
+                      msg.body.motion.xCursorPosition, msg.body.motion.yCursorPosition,
+                      displayTransform, msg.body.motion.downTime, msg.body.motion.eventTime,
+                      pointerCount, pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
+    return event;
+}
+
+void addSample(MotionEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    uint32_t pointerCount = msg.body.motion.pointerCount;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+    pointerCoords.reserve(pointerCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerCoords.push_back(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/329770983): figure out if it's safe to combine events with mismatching metaState
+    event.setMetaState(event.getMetaState() | msg.body.motion.metaState);
+    event.addSample(msg.body.motion.eventTime, pointerCoords.data());
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> createTouchModeEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event = std::make_unique<TouchModeEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.touchMode.eventId, msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::string outboundMessageToString(const InputMessage& outboundMsg) {
+    switch (outboundMsg.header.type) {
+        case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED: {
+            return android::base::StringPrintf("  Finish: seq=%" PRIu32 " handled=%s",
+                                               outboundMsg.header.seq,
+                                               toString(outboundMsg.body.finished.handled));
+        }
+        case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
+            return android::base::
+                    StringPrintf("  Timeline: inputEventId=%" PRId32 " gpuCompletedTime=%" PRId64
+                                 ", presentTime=%" PRId64,
+                                 outboundMsg.body.timeline.eventId,
+                                 outboundMsg.body.timeline
+                                         .graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME],
+                                 outboundMsg.body.timeline
+                                         .graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME]);
+        }
+        default: {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Outbound message must be FINISHED or TIMELINE, got "
+                       << ftl::enum_string(outboundMsg.header.type);
+            return "Unreachable";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+InputMessage createFinishedMessage(uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::FINISHED;
+    msg.header.seq = seq;
+    msg.body.finished.handled = handled;
+    msg.body.finished.consumeTime = consumeTime;
+    return msg;
+}
+
+InputMessage createTimelineMessage(int32_t inputEventId, nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime,
+                                   nsecs_t presentTime) {
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE;
+    msg.header.seq = 0;
+    msg.body.timeline.eventId = inputEventId;
+    msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME] = gpuCompletedTime;
+    msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME] = presentTime;
+    return msg;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+using android::base::Result;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
+// --- InputConsumerNoResampling ---
+
+InputConsumerNoResampling::InputConsumerNoResampling(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
+                                                     sp<Looper> looper,
+                                                     InputConsumerCallbacks& callbacks)
+      : mChannel(channel), mLooper(looper), mCallbacks(callbacks), mFdEvents(0) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mLooper == nullptr);
+    mCallback = sp<LooperEventCallback>::make(
+            std::bind(&InputConsumerNoResampling::handleReceiveCallback, this,
+                      std::placeholders::_1));
+    // In the beginning, there are no pending outbounds events; we only care about receiving
+    // incoming data.
+    setFdEvents(ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT);
+}
+
+InputConsumerNoResampling::~InputConsumerNoResampling() {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::nullopt);
+    while (!mOutboundQueue.empty()) {
+        processOutboundEvents();
+        // This is our last chance to ack the events. If we don't ack them here, we will get an ANR,
+        // so keep trying to send the events as long as they are present in the queue.
+    }
+    setFdEvents(0);
+}
+
+int InputConsumerNoResampling::handleReceiveCallback(int events) {
+    // Allowed return values of this function as documented in LooperCallback::handleEvent
+    constexpr int REMOVE_CALLBACK = 0;
+    constexpr int KEEP_CALLBACK = 1;
+
+    if (events & (ALOOPER_EVENT_ERROR | ALOOPER_EVENT_HANGUP)) {
+        // This error typically occurs when the publisher has closed the input channel
+        // as part of removing a window or finishing an IME session, in which case
+        // the consumer will soon be disposed as well.
+        if (DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "The channel was hung up or an error occurred: " << mChannel->getName();
+        }
+        return REMOVE_CALLBACK;
+    }
+
+    int handledEvents = 0;
+    if (events & ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT) {
+        std::vector<InputMessage> messages = readAllMessages();
+        handleMessages(std::move(messages));
+        handledEvents |= ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT;
+    }
+
+    if (events & ALOOPER_EVENT_OUTPUT) {
+        processOutboundEvents();
+        handledEvents |= ALOOPER_EVENT_OUTPUT;
+    }
+    if (handledEvents != events) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Mismatch: handledEvents=" << handledEvents << ", events=" << events;
+    }
+    return KEEP_CALLBACK;
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::processOutboundEvents() {
+    while (!mOutboundQueue.empty()) {
+        const InputMessage& outboundMsg = mOutboundQueue.front();
+
+        const status_t result = mChannel->sendMessage(&outboundMsg);
+        if (result == OK) {
+            if (outboundMsg.header.type == InputMessage::Type::FINISHED) {
+                ATRACE_ASYNC_END("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/outboundMsg.header.seq);
+            }
+            // Successful send. Erase the entry and keep trying to send more
+            mOutboundQueue.pop();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Publisher is busy, try again later. Keep this entry (do not erase)
+        if (result == WOULD_BLOCK) {
+            setFdEvents(ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT | ALOOPER_EVENT_OUTPUT);
+            return; // try again later
+        }
+
+        // Some other error. Give up
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to send outbound event on channel '" << mChannel->getName()
+                   << "'.  status=" << statusToString(result) << "(" << result << ")";
+    }
+
+    // The queue is now empty. Tell looper there's no more output to expect.
+    setFdEvents(ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT);
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::finishInputEvent(uint32_t seq, bool handled) {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    mOutboundQueue.push(createFinishedMessage(seq, handled, popConsumeTime(seq)));
+    // also produce finish events for all batches for this seq (if any)
+    const auto it = mBatchedSequenceNumbers.find(seq);
+    if (it != mBatchedSequenceNumbers.end()) {
+        for (uint32_t subSeq : it->second) {
+            mOutboundQueue.push(createFinishedMessage(subSeq, handled, popConsumeTime(subSeq)));
+        }
+        mBatchedSequenceNumbers.erase(it);
+    }
+    processOutboundEvents();
+}
+
+bool InputConsumerNoResampling::probablyHasInput() const {
+    // Ideally, this would only be allowed to run on the looper thread, and in production, it will.
+    // However, for testing, it's convenient to call this while the looper thread is blocked, so
+    // we do not call ensureCalledOnLooperThread here.
+    return (!mBatches.empty()) || mChannel->probablyHasInput();
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::reportTimeline(int32_t inputEventId, nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime,
+                                               nsecs_t presentTime) {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    mOutboundQueue.push(createTimelineMessage(inputEventId, gpuCompletedTime, presentTime));
+    processOutboundEvents();
+}
+
+nsecs_t InputConsumerNoResampling::popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) {
+    auto it = mConsumeTimes.find(seq);
+    // Consume time will be missing if either 'finishInputEvent' is called twice, or if it was
+    // called for the wrong (synthetic?) input event. Either way, it is a bug that should be fixed.
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mConsumeTimes.end(), "Could not find consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
+                        seq);
+    nsecs_t consumeTime = it->second;
+    mConsumeTimes.erase(it);
+    return consumeTime;
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::setFdEvents(int events) {
+    if (mFdEvents != events) {
+        mFdEvents = events;
+        if (events != 0) {
+            mLooper->addFd(mChannel->getFd(), 0, events, mCallback, nullptr);
+        } else {
+            mLooper->removeFd(mChannel->getFd());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::handleMessages(std::vector<InputMessage>&& messages) {
+    // TODO(b/297226446) : add resampling
+    for (const InputMessage& msg : messages) {
+        if (msg.header.type == InputMessage::Type::MOTION) {
+            const int32_t action = msg.body.motion.action;
+            const DeviceId deviceId = msg.body.motion.deviceId;
+            const int32_t source = msg.body.motion.source;
+            const bool batchableEvent = (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE ||
+                                         action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) &&
+                    (isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) ||
+                     isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK));
+            if (batchableEvent) {
+                // add it to batch
+                mBatches[deviceId].emplace(msg);
+            } else {
+                // consume all pending batches for this event immediately
+                // TODO(b/329776327): figure out if this could be smarter by limiting the
+                // consumption only to the current device.
+                consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::nullopt);
+                handleMessage(msg);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Non-motion events shouldn't force the consumption of pending batched events
+            handleMessage(msg);
+        }
+    }
+    // At the end of this, if we still have pending batches, notify the receiver about it.
+
+    // We need to carefully notify the InputConsumerCallbacks about the pending batch. The receiver
+    // could choose to consume all events when notified about the batch. That means that the
+    // "mBatches" variable could change when 'InputConsumerCallbacks::onBatchedInputEventPending' is
+    // invoked. We also can't notify the InputConsumerCallbacks in a while loop until mBatches is
+    // empty, because the receiver could choose to not consume the batch immediately.
+    std::set<int32_t> pendingBatchSources;
+    for (const auto& [_, pendingMessages] : mBatches) {
+        // Assume that all messages for a given device has the same source.
+        pendingBatchSources.insert(pendingMessages.front().body.motion.source);
+    }
+    for (const int32_t source : pendingBatchSources) {
+        const bool sourceStillRemaining =
+                std::any_of(mBatches.begin(), mBatches.end(), [=](const auto& pair) {
+                    return pair.second.front().body.motion.source == source;
+                });
+        if (sourceStillRemaining) {
+            mCallbacks.onBatchedInputEventPending(source);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<InputMessage> InputConsumerNoResampling::readAllMessages() {
+    std::vector<InputMessage> messages;
+    while (true) {
+        InputMessage msg;
+        status_t result = mChannel->receiveMessage(&msg);
+        switch (result) {
+            case OK: {
+                const auto [_, inserted] =
+                        mConsumeTimes.emplace(msg.header.seq, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC));
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Already have a consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
+                                    msg.header.seq);
+
+                // Trace the event processing timeline - event was just read from the socket
+                // TODO(b/329777420): distinguish between multiple instances of InputConsumer
+                // in the same process.
+                ATRACE_ASYNC_BEGIN("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/msg.header.seq);
+                messages.push_back(msg);
+                break;
+            }
+            case WOULD_BLOCK: {
+                return messages;
+            }
+            case DEAD_OBJECT: {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Got a dead object for " << mChannel->getName();
+                break;
+            }
+            case BAD_VALUE: {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Got a bad value for " << mChannel->getName();
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected error: " << result;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::handleMessage(const InputMessage& msg) const {
+    switch (msg.header.type) {
+        case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
+            std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> keyEvent = createKeyEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onKeyEvent(std::move(keyEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
+            std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motionEvent = createMotionEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onMotionEvent(std::move(motionEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED:
+        case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Consumed a %s message, which should never be seen by "
+                             "InputConsumer on %s",
+                             ftl::enum_string(msg.header.type).c_str(),
+                             mChannel->getName().c_str());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
+            std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> focusEvent = createFocusEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onFocusEvent(std::move(focusEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
+            std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> captureEvent = createCaptureEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onCaptureEvent(std::move(captureEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::DRAG: {
+            std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> dragEvent = createDragEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onDragEvent(std::move(dragEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+            std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> touchModeEvent = createTouchModeEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onTouchModeEvent(std::move(touchModeEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool InputConsumerNoResampling::consumeBatchedInputEvents(
+        std::optional<nsecs_t> requestedFrameTime) {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    // When batching is not enabled, we want to consume all events. That's equivalent to having an
+    // infinite frameTime.
+    const nsecs_t frameTime = requestedFrameTime.value_or(std::numeric_limits<nsecs_t>::max());
+    bool producedEvents = false;
+    for (auto& [deviceId, messages] : mBatches) {
+        std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motion;
+        std::optional<uint32_t> firstSeqForBatch;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> sequences;
+        while (!messages.empty()) {
+            const InputMessage& msg = messages.front();
+            if (msg.body.motion.eventTime > frameTime) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (motion == nullptr) {
+                motion = createMotionEvent(msg);
+                firstSeqForBatch = msg.header.seq;
+                const auto [_, inserted] = mBatchedSequenceNumbers.insert({*firstSeqForBatch, {}});
+                if (!inserted) {
+                    LOG(FATAL) << "The sequence " << msg.header.seq << " was already present!";
+                }
+            } else {
+                addSample(*motion, msg);
+                mBatchedSequenceNumbers[*firstSeqForBatch].push_back(msg.header.seq);
+            }
+            messages.pop();
+        }
+        if (motion != nullptr) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!firstSeqForBatch.has_value());
+            mCallbacks.onMotionEvent(std::move(motion), *firstSeqForBatch);
+            producedEvents = true;
+        } else {
+            // This is OK, it just means that the frameTime is too old (all events that we have
+            // pending are in the future of the frametime). Maybe print a
+            // warning? If there are multiple devices active though, this might be normal and can
+            // just be ignored, unless none of them resulted in any consumption (in that case, this
+            // function would already return "false" so we could just leave it up to the caller).
+        }
+    }
+    std::erase_if(mBatches, [](const auto& pair) { return pair.second.empty(); });
+    return producedEvents;
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::ensureCalledOnLooperThread(const char* func) const {
+    sp<Looper> callingThreadLooper = Looper::getForThread();
+    if (callingThreadLooper != mLooper) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "The function " << func << " can only be called on the looper thread";
+    }
+}
+
+std::string InputConsumerNoResampling::dump() const {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    std::string out;
+    if (mOutboundQueue.empty()) {
+        out += "mOutboundQueue: <empty>\n";
+    } else {
+        out += "mOutboundQueue:\n";
+        // Make a copy of mOutboundQueue for printing destructively. Unfortunately std::queue
+        // doesn't provide a good way to iterate over the entire container.
+        std::queue<InputMessage> tmpQueue = mOutboundQueue;
+        while (!tmpQueue.empty()) {
+            out += std::string("  ") + outboundMessageToString(tmpQueue.front()) + "\n";
+            tmpQueue.pop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mBatches.empty()) {
+        out += "mBatches: <empty>\n";
+    } else {
+        out += "mBatches:\n";
+        for (const auto& [deviceId, messages] : mBatches) {
+            out += "  Device id ";
+            out += std::to_string(deviceId);
+            out += ":\n";
+            // Make a copy of mOutboundQueue for printing destructively. Unfortunately std::queue
+            // doesn't provide a good way to iterate over the entire container.
+            std::queue<InputMessage> tmpQueue = messages;
+            while (!tmpQueue.empty()) {
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(tmpQueue.front().header.type != InputMessage::Type::MOTION);
+                std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motion = createMotionEvent(tmpQueue.front());
+                out += std::string("    ") + streamableToString(*motion) + "\n";
+                tmpQueue.pop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/Android.bp b/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
index 93af4c2..e67a65a 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         "InputDevice_test.cpp",
         "InputEvent_test.cpp",
         "InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp",
+        "InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp",
         "InputVerifier_test.cpp",
         "MotionPredictor_test.cpp",
         "MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6593497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <attestation/HmacKeyManager.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/constants.h>
+#include <input/BlockingQueue.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h>
+#include <input/InputTransport.h>
+
+using android::base::Result;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+static constexpr float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
+static constexpr int32_t ACTION_MOVE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
+static constexpr int32_t POINTER_1_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+static constexpr int32_t POINTER_2_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (2 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+static auto constexpr TIMEOUT = 5s;
+
+struct Pointer {
+    int32_t id;
+    float x;
+    float y;
+    bool isResampled = false;
+};
+
+// A collection of arguments to be sent as publishMotionEvent(). The saved members of this struct
+// allow to check the expectations against the event acquired from the InputConsumerCallbacks. To
+// help simplify expectation checking it carries members not present in MotionEvent, like
+// |rawXScale|.
+struct PublishMotionArgs {
+    const int32_t action;
+    const nsecs_t downTime;
+    const uint32_t seq;
+    const int32_t eventId;
+    const int32_t deviceId = 1;
+    const uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
+    const int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    const int32_t actionButton = 0;
+    const int32_t edgeFlags = AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP;
+    const int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
+    const int32_t buttonState = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
+    const MotionClassification classification = MotionClassification::AMBIGUOUS_GESTURE;
+    const float xScale = 2;
+    const float yScale = 3;
+    const float xOffset = -10;
+    const float yOffset = -20;
+    const float rawXScale = 4;
+    const float rawYScale = -5;
+    const float rawXOffset = -11;
+    const float rawYOffset = 42;
+    const float xPrecision = 0.25;
+    const float yPrecision = 0.5;
+    const float xCursorPosition = 1.3;
+    const float yCursorPosition = 50.6;
+    std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac;
+    int32_t flags;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
+    const nsecs_t eventTime;
+    size_t pointerCount;
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+
+    PublishMotionArgs(int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime, const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers,
+                      const uint32_t seq);
+};
+
+PublishMotionArgs::PublishMotionArgs(int32_t inAction, nsecs_t inDownTime,
+                                     const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers, const uint32_t inSeq)
+      : action(inAction),
+        downTime(inDownTime),
+        seq(inSeq),
+        eventId(InputEvent::nextId()),
+        eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)) {
+    hmac = {0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+            16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+
+    flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
+    if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+        flags |= AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED;
+    }
+    pointerCount = pointers.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties.push_back({});
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerProperties[i].id = pointers[i].id;
+        pointerProperties[i].toolType = ToolType::FINGER;
+
+        pointerCoords.push_back({});
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].isResampled = pointers[i].isResampled;
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, pointers[i].x);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, pointers[i].y);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 0.5 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 0.7 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 1.5 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 1.7 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 2.5 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 2.7 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 3.5 * i);
+    }
+    transform.set({xScale, 0, xOffset, 0, yScale, yOffset, 0, 0, 1});
+    rawTransform.set({rawXScale, 0, rawXOffset, 0, rawYScale, rawYOffset, 0, 0, 1});
+}
+
+// Checks expectations against |motionEvent| acquired from an InputConsumer. Floating point
+// comparisons limit precision to EPSILON.
+void verifyArgsEqualToEvent(const PublishMotionArgs& args, const MotionEvent& motionEvent) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.eventId, motionEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.deviceId, motionEvent.getDeviceId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.source, motionEvent.getSource());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.displayId, motionEvent.getDisplayId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.hmac, motionEvent.getHmac());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.action, motionEvent.getAction());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.downTime, motionEvent.getDownTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.flags, motionEvent.getFlags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.edgeFlags, motionEvent.getEdgeFlags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.metaState, motionEvent.getMetaState());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.buttonState, motionEvent.getButtonState());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.classification, motionEvent.getClassification());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.transform, motionEvent.getTransform());
+    EXPECT_NEAR((-args.rawXOffset / args.rawXScale) * args.xScale + args.xOffset,
+                motionEvent.getRawXOffset(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR((-args.rawYOffset / args.rawYScale) * args.yScale + args.yOffset,
+                motionEvent.getRawYOffset(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.xPrecision, motionEvent.getXPrecision());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.yPrecision, motionEvent.getYPrecision());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.xCursorPosition, motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.yCursorPosition, motionEvent.getRawYCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.xCursorPosition * args.xScale + args.xOffset, motionEvent.getXCursorPosition(),
+                EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.yCursorPosition * args.yScale + args.yOffset, motionEvent.getYCursorPosition(),
+                EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.rawTransform, motionEvent.getRawTransform());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.eventTime, motionEvent.getEventTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.pointerCount, motionEvent.getPointerCount());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, motionEvent.getHistorySize());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.pointerCount; i++) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(i);
+        EXPECT_EQ(args.pointerProperties[i].id, motionEvent.getPointerId(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(args.pointerProperties[i].toolType, motionEvent.getToolType(i));
+
+        const auto& pc = args.pointerCoords[i];
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc, motionEvent.getSamplePointerCoords()[i]);
+
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getX() * args.rawXScale + args.rawXOffset, motionEvent.getRawX(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getY() * args.rawYScale + args.rawYOffset, motionEvent.getRawY(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getX() * args.xScale + args.xOffset, motionEvent.getX(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getY() * args.yScale + args.yOffset, motionEvent.getY(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE), motionEvent.getPressure(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE), motionEvent.getSize(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR), motionEvent.getTouchMajor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR), motionEvent.getTouchMinor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR), motionEvent.getToolMajor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR), motionEvent.getToolMinor(i));
+
+        // Calculate the orientation after scaling, keeping in mind that an orientation of 0 is
+        // "up", and the positive y direction is "down".
+        const float unscaledOrientation = pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION);
+        const float x = sinf(unscaledOrientation) * args.xScale;
+        const float y = -cosf(unscaledOrientation) * args.yScale;
+        EXPECT_EQ(atan2f(x, -y), motionEvent.getOrientation(i));
+    }
+}
+
+void publishMotionEvent(InputPublisher& publisher, const PublishMotionArgs& a) {
+    status_t status =
+            publisher.publishMotionEvent(a.seq, a.eventId, a.deviceId, a.source, a.displayId,
+                                         a.hmac, a.action, a.actionButton, a.flags, a.edgeFlags,
+                                         a.metaState, a.buttonState, a.classification, a.transform,
+                                         a.xPrecision, a.yPrecision, a.xCursorPosition,
+                                         a.yCursorPosition, a.rawTransform, a.downTime, a.eventTime,
+                                         a.pointerCount, a.pointerProperties.data(),
+                                         a.pointerCoords.data());
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return OK";
+}
+
+Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> receiveConsumerResponse(
+        InputPublisher& publisher, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
+    const std::chrono::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    while (true) {
+        Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = publisher.receiveConsumerResponse();
+        if (result.ok()) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        const std::chrono::duration waited = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
+        if (waited > timeout) {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void verifyFinishedSignal(InputPublisher& publisher, uint32_t seq, nsecs_t publishTime) {
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = receiveConsumerResponse(publisher, TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok()) << "receiveConsumerResponse returned " << result.error().message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<InputPublisher::Finished>(*result));
+    const InputPublisher::Finished& finish = std::get<InputPublisher::Finished>(*result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(seq, finish.seq)
+            << "receiveConsumerResponse should have returned the original sequence number";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(finish.handled)
+            << "receiveConsumerResponse should have set handled to consumer's reply";
+    ASSERT_GE(finish.consumeTime, publishTime)
+            << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+class InputConsumerMessageHandler : public MessageHandler {
+public:
+    InputConsumerMessageHandler(std::function<void(const Message&)> function)
+          : mFunction(function) {}
+
+private:
+    void handleMessage(const Message& message) override { mFunction(message); }
+
+    std::function<void(const Message&)> mFunction;
+};
+
+class InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest : public testing::Test,
+                                                  public InputConsumerCallbacks {
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> mClientChannel;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputPublisher> mPublisher;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputConsumerNoResampling> mConsumer;
+
+    std::thread mLooperThread;
+    sp<Looper> mLooper = sp<Looper>::make(/*allowNonCallbacks=*/false);
+
+    // LOOPER CONTROL
+    // Set to false when you want the looper to exit
+    std::atomic<bool> mExitLooper = false;
+    std::mutex mLock;
+
+    // Used by test to notify looper that the value of "mLooperMayProceed" has changed
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyLooperMayProceed;
+    bool mLooperMayProceed GUARDED_BY(mLock){true};
+    // Used by looper to notify the test that it's about to block on "mLooperMayProceed" -> true
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyLooperWaiting;
+    bool mLooperIsBlocked GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
+
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyConsumerDestroyed;
+    bool mConsumerDestroyed GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
+
+    void runLooper() {
+        static constexpr int LOOP_INDEFINITELY = -1;
+        Looper::setForThread(mLooper);
+        // Loop forever -- this thread is dedicated to servicing the looper callbacks.
+        while (!mExitLooper) {
+            mLooper->pollOnce(/*timeoutMillis=*/LOOP_INDEFINITELY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> serverChannel;
+        status_t result =
+                InputChannel::openInputChannelPair("channel name", serverChannel, mClientChannel);
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, result);
+
+        mPublisher = std::make_unique<InputPublisher>(std::move(serverChannel));
+        mMessageHandler = sp<InputConsumerMessageHandler>::make(
+                [this](const Message& message) { handleMessage(message); });
+        mLooperThread = std::thread([this] { runLooper(); });
+        sendMessage(LooperMessage::CREATE_CONSUMER);
+    }
+
+    void publishAndConsumeKeyEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionStream();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionDown(nsecs_t downTime);
+    void publishAndConsumeBatchedMotionMove(nsecs_t downTime);
+    void publishAndConsumeFocusEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeDragEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime,
+                                      const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers);
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // Destroy the consumer, flushing any of the pending ack's.
+        sendMessage(LooperMessage::DESTROY_CONSUMER);
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+            base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+            mNotifyConsumerDestroyed.wait(lock, [this] { return mConsumerDestroyed; });
+        }
+        // Stop the looper thread so that we can destroy the object.
+        mExitLooper = true;
+        mLooper->wake();
+        mLooperThread.join();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    // Interaction with the looper thread
+    enum class LooperMessage : int {
+        CALL_PROBABLY_HAS_INPUT,
+        CREATE_CONSUMER,
+        DESTROY_CONSUMER,
+        CALL_REPORT_TIMELINE,
+        BLOCK_LOOPER,
+    };
+    void sendMessage(LooperMessage message);
+    struct ReportTimelineArgs {
+        int32_t inputEventId;
+        nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime;
+        nsecs_t presentTime;
+    };
+    // The input to the function "InputConsumer::reportTimeline". Populated on the test thread and
+    // accessed on the looper thread.
+    BlockingQueue<ReportTimelineArgs> mReportTimelineArgs;
+    // The output of calling "InputConsumer::probablyHasInput()". Populated on the looper thread and
+    // accessed on the test thread.
+    BlockingQueue<bool> mProbablyHasInputResponses;
+
+private:
+    sp<MessageHandler> mMessageHandler;
+    void handleMessage(const Message& message);
+
+    static auto constexpr NO_EVENT_TIMEOUT = 10ms;
+    // The sequence number to use when publishing the next event
+    uint32_t mSeq = 1;
+
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent>> mKeyEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> mMotionEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent>> mFocusEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent>> mCaptureEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<DragEvent>> mDragEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent>> mTouchModeEvents;
+
+    // InputConsumerCallbacks interface
+    void onKeyEvent(std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mKeyEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    }
+    void onMotionEvent(std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mMotionEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    }
+    void onBatchedInputEventPending(int32_t pendingBatchSource) override {
+        if (!mConsumer->probablyHasInput()) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "should deterministically have input because there is a batch";
+        }
+        mConsumer->consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::nullopt);
+    };
+    void onFocusEvent(std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mFocusEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    };
+    void onCaptureEvent(std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mCaptureEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    };
+    void onDragEvent(std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mDragEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    }
+    void onTouchModeEvent(std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mTouchModeEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    };
+};
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::sendMessage(LooperMessage message) {
+    Message msg{ftl::to_underlying(message)};
+    mLooper->sendMessage(mMessageHandler, msg);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
+    switch (static_cast<LooperMessage>(message.what)) {
+        case LooperMessage::CALL_PROBABLY_HAS_INPUT: {
+            mProbablyHasInputResponses.push(mConsumer->probablyHasInput());
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::CREATE_CONSUMER: {
+            mConsumer = std::make_unique<InputConsumerNoResampling>(std::move(mClientChannel),
+                                                                    mLooper, *this);
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::DESTROY_CONSUMER: {
+            mConsumer = nullptr;
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                mConsumerDestroyed = true;
+            }
+            mNotifyConsumerDestroyed.notify_all();
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::CALL_REPORT_TIMELINE: {
+            std::optional<ReportTimelineArgs> args = mReportTimelineArgs.pop();
+            if (!args.has_value()) {
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Couldn't get the 'reportTimeline' args in time";
+                return;
+            }
+            mConsumer->reportTimeline(args->inputEventId, args->gpuCompletedTime,
+                                      args->presentTime);
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::BLOCK_LOOPER: {
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                mLooperIsBlocked = true;
+            }
+            mNotifyLooperWaiting.notify_all();
+
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+                mNotifyLooperMayProceed.wait(lock, [this] { return mLooperMayProceed; });
+            }
+
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                mLooperIsBlocked = false;
+            }
+            mNotifyLooperWaiting.notify_all();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeKeyEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    const uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
+    constexpr uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD;
+    constexpr int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac = {31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21,
+                                              20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10,
+                                              9,  8,  7,  6,  5,  4,  3,  2,  1,  0};
+    constexpr int32_t action = AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
+    constexpr int32_t flags = AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FROM_SYSTEM;
+    constexpr int32_t keyCode = AKEYCODE_ENTER;
+    constexpr int32_t scanCode = 13;
+    constexpr int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
+    constexpr int32_t repeatCount = 1;
+    constexpr nsecs_t downTime = 3;
+    constexpr nsecs_t eventTime = 4;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishKeyEvent(seq, eventId, deviceId, source, displayId, hmac, action,
+                                         flags, keyCode, scanCode, metaState, repeatCount, downTime,
+                                         eventTime);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishKeyEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent>> optKeyEvent = mKeyEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optKeyEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> keyEvent = std::move(*optKeyEvent);
+
+    sendMessage(LooperMessage::CALL_PROBABLY_HAS_INPUT);
+    std::optional<bool> probablyHasInput = mProbablyHasInputResponses.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(probablyHasInput.has_value());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(probablyHasInput.value()) << "no events should be waiting after being consumed";
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, keyEvent->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(deviceId, keyEvent->getDeviceId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(source, keyEvent->getSource());
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayId, keyEvent->getDisplayId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(hmac, keyEvent->getHmac());
+    EXPECT_EQ(action, keyEvent->getAction());
+    EXPECT_EQ(flags, keyEvent->getFlags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keyCode, keyEvent->getKeyCode());
+    EXPECT_EQ(scanCode, keyEvent->getScanCode());
+    EXPECT_EQ(metaState, keyEvent->getMetaState());
+    EXPECT_EQ(repeatCount, keyEvent->getRepeatCount());
+    EXPECT_EQ(downTime, keyEvent->getDownTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventTime, keyEvent->getEventTime());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeMotionStream() {
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_1_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_2_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 300, .y = 400}});
+
+    // Provide a consistent input stream - cancel the gesture that was started above
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 300, .y = 400}});
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeMotionDown(nsecs_t downTime) {
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeBatchedMotionMove(
+        nsecs_t downTime) {
+    uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    const std::vector<Pointer> pointers = {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}};
+    PublishMotionArgs args(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, downTime, pointers, seq);
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    // Block the looper thread, preventing it from being able to service any of the fd callbacks.
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mLooperMayProceed = false;
+    }
+    sendMessage(LooperMessage::BLOCK_LOOPER);
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+        mNotifyLooperWaiting.wait(lock, [this] { return mLooperIsBlocked; });
+    }
+
+    publishMotionEvent(*mPublisher, args);
+
+    // Ensure no event arrives because the UI thread is blocked
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> noEvent =
+            mMotionEvents.popWithTimeout(NO_EVENT_TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(noEvent.has_value()) << "Got unexpected event: " << *noEvent;
+
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = mPublisher->receiveConsumerResponse();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok());
+    ASSERT_EQ(WOULD_BLOCK, result.error().code());
+
+    // We shouldn't be calling mConsumer on the UI thread, but in this situation, the looper
+    // thread is locked, so this should be safe to do.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mConsumer->probablyHasInput())
+            << "should deterministically have input because there is a batch";
+
+    // Now, unblock the looper thread, so that the event can arrive.
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mLooperMayProceed = true;
+    }
+    mNotifyLooperMayProceed.notify_all();
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> optMotion = mMotionEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optMotion.has_value());
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motion = std::move(*optMotion);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ACTION_MOVE, motion->getAction());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(
+        int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime, const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers) {
+    uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    PublishMotionArgs args(action, downTime, pointers, seq);
+    nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    publishMotionEvent(*mPublisher, args);
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> optMotion = mMotionEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optMotion.has_value());
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event = std::move(*optMotion);
+
+    verifyArgsEqualToEvent(args, *event);
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeFocusEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool hasFocus = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishFocusEvent(seq, eventId, hasFocus);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishFocusEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent>> optFocusEvent = mFocusEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optFocusEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> focusEvent = std::move(*optFocusEvent);
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, focusEvent->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(hasFocus, focusEvent->getHasFocus());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 42;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool captureEnabled = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishCaptureEvent(seq, eventId, captureEnabled);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishCaptureEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent>> optEvent = mCaptureEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event = std::move(*optEvent);
+
+    const CaptureEvent& captureEvent = *event;
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, captureEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(captureEnabled, captureEvent.getPointerCaptureEnabled());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeDragEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool isExiting = false;
+    constexpr float x = 10;
+    constexpr float y = 15;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishDragEvent(seq, eventId, x, y, isExiting);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishDragEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<DragEvent>> optEvent = mDragEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event = std::move(*optEvent);
+
+    const DragEvent& dragEvent = *event;
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, dragEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(isExiting, dragEvent.isExiting());
+    EXPECT_EQ(x, dragEvent.getX());
+    EXPECT_EQ(y, dragEvent.getY());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool touchModeEnabled = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishTouchModeEvent(seq, eventId, touchModeEnabled);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishTouchModeEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent>> optEvent =
+            mTouchModeEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optEvent.has_value());
+    std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event = std::move(*optEvent);
+
+    const TouchModeEvent& touchModeEvent = *event;
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, touchModeEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(touchModeEnabled, touchModeEvent.isInTouchMode());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, SendTimeline) {
+    const int32_t inputEventId = 20;
+    const nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime = 30;
+    const nsecs_t presentTime = 40;
+
+    mReportTimelineArgs.emplace(inputEventId, gpuCompletedTime, presentTime);
+    sendMessage(LooperMessage::CALL_REPORT_TIMELINE);
+
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = receiveConsumerResponse(*mPublisher, TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok()) << "receiveConsumerResponse should return OK";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<InputPublisher::Timeline>(*result));
+    const InputPublisher::Timeline& timeline = std::get<InputPublisher::Timeline>(*result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(inputEventId, timeline.inputEventId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(gpuCompletedTime, timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(presentTime, timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishKeyEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishMotionEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeMotionStream());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishMotionMoveEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    // Publish a DOWN event before MOVE to pass the InputVerifier checks.
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeMotionDown(downTime));
+
+    // Publish the MOVE event and check expectations.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeBatchedMotionMove(downTime));
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishFocusEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishCaptureEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishDragEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeDragEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishTouchModeEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest,
+       PublishMotionEvent_WhenSequenceNumberIsZero_ReturnsError) {
+    status_t status;
+    const size_t pointerCount = 1;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform identityTransform;
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(0, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest,
+       PublishMotionEvent_WhenPointerCountLessThan1_ReturnsError) {
+    status_t status;
+    const size_t pointerCount = 0;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+
+    ui::Transform identityTransform;
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest,
+       PublishMotionEvent_WhenPointerCountGreaterThanMax_ReturnsError) {
+    status_t status;
+    const size_t pointerCount = MAX_POINTERS + 1;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform identityTransform;
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishMultipleEvents_EndToEnd) {
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_1_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_2_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeDragEvent());
+    // Provide a consistent input stream - cancel the gesture that was started above
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index 09d7cb5..39902b1 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
         "skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp",
         "skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp",
         "skia/VulkanInterface.cpp",
+        "skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp",
         "skia/debug/CaptureTimer.cpp",
         "skia/debug/CommonPool.cpp",
         "skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
index ee95e59..02e7337 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include <SkImage.h>
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkImageGanesh.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLBackendSurface.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSurface.h>
 #include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkTypes.h>
-#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include "ColorSpaces.h"
 #include "log/log_main.h"
 #include "utils/Trace.h"
@@ -35,47 +35,37 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-AutoBackendTexture::AutoBackendTexture(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
+AutoBackendTexture::AutoBackendTexture(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
                                        bool isOutputBuffer, CleanupManager& cleanupMgr)
-      : mCleanupMgr(cleanupMgr), mIsOutputBuffer(isOutputBuffer) {
+      : mGrContext(context->grDirectContext()),
+        mCleanupMgr(cleanupMgr),
+        mIsOutputBuffer(isOutputBuffer) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+
     AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc;
     AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer, &desc);
     bool createProtectedImage = 0 != (desc.usage & AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_PROTECTED_CONTENT);
     GrBackendFormat backendFormat;
 
-    GrBackendApi backend = context->backend();
+    GrBackendApi backend = mGrContext->backend();
     if (backend == GrBackendApi::kOpenGL) {
         backendFormat =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetGLBackendFormat(context, desc.format, false);
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetGLBackendFormat(mGrContext.get(), desc.format, false);
         mBackendTexture =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeGLBackendTexture(context,
-                                                             buffer,
-                                                             desc.width,
-                                                             desc.height,
-                                                             &mDeleteProc,
-                                                             &mUpdateProc,
-                                                             &mImageCtx,
-                                                             createProtectedImage,
-                                                             backendFormat,
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeGLBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), buffer, desc.width,
+                                                             desc.height, &mDeleteProc,
+                                                             &mUpdateProc, &mImageCtx,
+                                                             createProtectedImage, backendFormat,
                                                              isOutputBuffer);
     } else if (backend == GrBackendApi::kVulkan) {
-        backendFormat =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetVulkanBackendFormat(context,
-                                                               buffer,
-                                                               desc.format,
-                                                               false);
+        backendFormat = GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetVulkanBackendFormat(mGrContext.get(), buffer,
+                                                                       desc.format, false);
         mBackendTexture =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeVulkanBackendTexture(context,
-                                                                 buffer,
-                                                                 desc.width,
-                                                                 desc.height,
-                                                                 &mDeleteProc,
-                                                                 &mUpdateProc,
-                                                                 &mImageCtx,
-                                                                 createProtectedImage,
-                                                                 backendFormat,
-                                                                 isOutputBuffer);
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeVulkanBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), buffer,
+                                                                 desc.width, desc.height,
+                                                                 &mDeleteProc, &mUpdateProc,
+                                                                 &mImageCtx, createProtectedImage,
+                                                                 backendFormat, isOutputBuffer);
     } else {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected backend %u", static_cast<unsigned>(backend));
     }
@@ -158,12 +148,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> AutoBackendTexture::makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType,
-                                             GrDirectContext* context) {
+sk_sp<SkImage> AutoBackendTexture::makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (mBackendTexture.isValid()) {
-        mUpdateProc(mImageCtx, context);
+        mUpdateProc(mImageCtx, mGrContext.get());
     }
 
     auto colorType = mColorType;
@@ -174,7 +163,7 @@
     }
 
     sk_sp<SkImage> image =
-            SkImages::BorrowTextureFrom(context, mBackendTexture, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
+            SkImages::BorrowTextureFrom(mGrContext.get(), mBackendTexture, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
                                         colorType, alphaType, toSkColorSpace(dataspace),
                                         releaseImageProc, this);
     if (image.get()) {
@@ -190,13 +179,12 @@
     return mImage;
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkSurface> AutoBackendTexture::getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace,
-                                                        GrDirectContext* context) {
+sk_sp<SkSurface> AutoBackendTexture::getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mIsOutputBuffer, "You can't generate a SkSurface for a read-only texture");
     if (!mSurface.get() || mDataspace != dataspace) {
         sk_sp<SkSurface> surface =
-                SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(context, mBackendTexture,
+                SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), mBackendTexture,
                                                kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin, 0, mColorType,
                                                toSkColorSpace(dataspace), nullptr,
                                                releaseSurfaceProc, this);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
index 509ac40..1d5b565 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@
     // of shared ownership with Skia objects, so we wrap it here instead.
     class LocalRef {
     public:
-        LocalRef(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
+        LocalRef(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
                  CleanupManager& cleanupMgr) {
             mTexture = new AutoBackendTexture(context, buffer, isOutputBuffer, cleanupMgr);
             mTexture->ref();
@@ -95,14 +96,13 @@
         // Makes a new SkImage from the texture content.
         // As SkImages are immutable but buffer content is not, we create
         // a new SkImage every time.
-        sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType,
-                                 GrDirectContext* context) {
-            return mTexture->makeImage(dataspace, alphaType, context);
+        sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType) {
+            return mTexture->makeImage(dataspace, alphaType);
         }
 
         // Makes a new SkSurface from the texture content, if needed.
-        sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace, GrDirectContext* context) {
-            return mTexture->getOrCreateSurface(dataspace, context);
+        sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+            return mTexture->getOrCreateSurface(dataspace);
         }
 
         SkColorType colorType() const { return mTexture->mColorType; }
@@ -114,8 +114,10 @@
     };
 
 private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AutoBackendTexture);
+
     // Creates a GrBackendTexture whose contents come from the provided buffer.
-    AutoBackendTexture(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
+    AutoBackendTexture(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
                        CleanupManager& cleanupMgr);
 
     // The only way to invoke dtor is with unref, when mUsageCount is 0.
@@ -130,24 +132,24 @@
     // Makes a new SkImage from the texture content.
     // As SkImages are immutable but buffer content is not, we create
     // a new SkImage every time.
-    sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType,
-                             GrDirectContext* context);
+    sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType);
 
     // Makes a new SkSurface from the texture content, if needed.
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace, GrDirectContext* context);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace);
 
     GrBackendTexture mBackendTexture;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::DeleteImageProc mDeleteProc;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::UpdateImageProc mUpdateProc;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::TexImageCtx mImageCtx;
 
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite abstractions for ABT.
+    const sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext = nullptr;
     CleanupManager& mCleanupMgr;
 
     static void releaseSurfaceProc(SkSurface::ReleaseContext releaseContext);
     static void releaseImageProc(SkImages::ReleaseContext releaseContext);
 
     int mUsageCount = 0;
-
     const bool mIsOutputBuffer;
     sk_sp<SkImage> mImage = nullptr;
     sk_sp<SkSurface> mSurface = nullptr;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index fea4129..f10c98d 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "SkiaGLRenderEngine.h"
 
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaGLRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaGLRenderEngine(args, display, ctxt,
                                                                       placeholder, protectedContext,
                                                                       protectedPlaceholder));
-    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    engine->ensureContextsCreated();
 
     ALOGI("OpenGL ES informations:");
     ALOGI("vendor    : %s", extensions.getVendor());
@@ -295,9 +297,7 @@
     eglReleaseThread();
 }
 
-SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaGLRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
-    const GrContextOptions& options) {
-
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaGLRenderEngine::createContexts() {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(isProtected(),
                         "Cannot setup contexts while already in protected mode");
 
@@ -306,10 +306,10 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!glInterface.get(), "GrGLMakeNativeInterface() failed");
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+    contexts.first = SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(glInterface, mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kYes);
-        contexts.second = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+        contexts.second = SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(glInterface, mSkSLCacheMonitor);
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kNo);
     }
 
@@ -330,14 +330,14 @@
     return eglMakeCurrent(mEGLDisplay, surface, surface, context) == EGL_TRUE;
 }
 
-void SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext*, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+void SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence(SkiaGpuContext*, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
     if (fenceFd.get() >= 0 && !waitGpuFence(fenceFd)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence");
         sync_wait(fenceFd.get(), -1);
     }
 }
 
-base::unique_fd SkiaGLRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+base::unique_fd SkiaGLRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) {
     base::unique_fd drawFence = flush();
 
     bool requireSync = drawFence.get() < 0;
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@
     } else {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("Submit(sync=false)");
     }
-    bool success = grContext->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes :
-                                                   GrSyncCpu::kNo);
+    bool success =
+            context->grDirectContext()->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes : GrSyncCpu::kNo);
     ATRACE_END();
     if (!success) {
         ALOGE("Failed to flush RenderEngine commands");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index af33110..2e22478 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@
 protected:
     // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
     // rendering backend
-    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts();
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
-    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) override;
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index 6e393f0..27daeba 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 
 #include "Cache.h"
 #include "ColorSpaces.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h"
@@ -290,14 +291,12 @@
         delete mBlurFilter;
     }
 
-    if (mGrContext) {
-        mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
-        mGrContext->abandonContext();
+    if (mContext) {
+        mContext->finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
     }
 
-    if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-        mProtectedGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
-        mProtectedGrContext->abandonContext();
+    if (mProtectedContext) {
+        mProtectedContext->finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
     }
 }
 
@@ -308,24 +307,24 @@
     }
 
     // release any scratch resources before switching into a new mode
-    if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
+    if (getActiveContext()) {
+        getActiveContext()->purgeUnlockedScratchResources();
     }
 
     // Backend-specific way to switch to protected context
     if (useProtectedContextImpl(
             useProtectedContext ? GrProtected::kYes : GrProtected::kNo)) {
         mInProtectedContext = useProtectedContext;
-        // given that we are sharing the same thread between two GrContexts we need to
+        // given that we are sharing the same thread between two contexts we need to
         // make sure that the thread state is reset when switching between the two.
-        if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-            getActiveGrContext()->resetContext();
+        if (getActiveContext()) {
+            getActiveContext()->resetContextIfApplicable();
         }
     }
 }
 
-GrDirectContext* SkiaRenderEngine::getActiveGrContext() {
-    return mInProtectedContext ? mProtectedGrContext.get() : mGrContext.get();
+SkiaGpuContext* SkiaRenderEngine::getActiveContext() {
+    return mInProtectedContext ? mProtectedContext.get() : mContext.get();
 }
 
 static float toDegrees(uint32_t transform) {
@@ -374,17 +373,12 @@
             sourceTransfer != destTransfer;
 }
 
-void SkiaRenderEngine::ensureGrContextsCreated() {
-    if (mGrContext) {
+void SkiaRenderEngine::ensureContextsCreated() {
+    if (mContext) {
         return;
     }
 
-    GrContextOptions options;
-    options.fDisableDriverCorrectnessWorkarounds = true;
-    options.fDisableDistanceFieldPaths = true;
-    options.fReducedShaderVariations = true;
-    options.fPersistentCache = &mSkSLCacheMonitor;
-    std::tie(mGrContext, mProtectedGrContext) = createDirectContexts(options);
+    std::tie(mContext, mProtectedContext) = createContexts();
 }
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
@@ -413,7 +407,7 @@
     // switch back after the buffer is cached).  However, for non-protected content we can bind
     // the texture in either GL context because they are initialized with the same share_context
     // which allows the texture state to be shared between them.
-    auto grContext = getActiveGrContext();
+    auto context = getActiveContext();
     auto& cache = mTextureCache;
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mRenderingMutex);
@@ -424,8 +418,7 @@
             isRenderable = buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER;
         }
         std::shared_ptr<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef> imageTextureRef =
-                std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(grContext,
-                                                               buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
+                std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(context, buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
                                                                isRenderable, mTextureCleanupMgr);
         cache.insert({buffer->getId(), imageTextureRef});
     }
@@ -477,7 +470,7 @@
             return it->second;
         }
     }
-    return std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(getActiveGrContext(),
+    return std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(getActiveContext(),
                                                           buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
                                                           isOutputBuffer, mTextureCleanupMgr);
 }
@@ -667,8 +660,8 @@
 
     validateOutputBufferUsage(buffer->getBuffer());
 
-    auto grContext = getActiveGrContext();
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(grContext->abandoned(), "GrContext is abandoned/device lost at start of %s",
+    auto context = getActiveContext();
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(context->isAbandoned(), "Context is abandoned/device lost at start of %s",
                         __func__);
 
     // any AutoBackendTexture deletions will now be deferred until cleanupPostRender is called
@@ -677,10 +670,9 @@
     auto surfaceTextureRef = getOrCreateBackendTexture(buffer->getBuffer(), true);
 
     // wait on the buffer to be ready to use prior to using it
-    waitFence(grContext, bufferFence);
+    waitFence(context, bufferFence);
 
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface =
-            surfaceTextureRef->getOrCreateSurface(display.outputDataspace, grContext);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface = surfaceTextureRef->getOrCreateSurface(display.outputDataspace);
 
     SkCanvas* dstCanvas = mCapture->tryCapture(dstSurface.get());
     if (dstCanvas == nullptr) {
@@ -845,7 +837,7 @@
             if (blurRect.width() > 0 && blurRect.height() > 0) {
                 if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                     ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundBlur");
-                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
+                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(context, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
                                                               blurInput, blurRect);
 
                     cachedBlurs[layer.backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
@@ -859,7 +851,7 @@
                     if (cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] == nullptr) {
                         ATRACE_NAME("BlurRegion");
                         cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] =
-                                mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, region.blurRadius, blurInput,
+                                mBlurFilter->generate(context, region.blurRadius, blurInput,
                                                       blurRect);
                     }
 
@@ -948,7 +940,7 @@
             // if the layer's buffer has a fence, then we must must respect the fence prior to using
             // the buffer.
             if (layer.source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
-                waitFence(grContext, layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
+                waitFence(context, layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
             }
 
             // isOpaque means we need to ignore the alpha in the image,
@@ -972,7 +964,7 @@
                     : item.isOpaque                      ? kOpaque_SkAlphaType
                     : item.usePremultipliedAlpha         ? kPremul_SkAlphaType
                                                          : kUnpremul_SkAlphaType;
-            sk_sp<SkImage> image = imageTextureRef->makeImage(layerDataspace, alphaType, grContext);
+            sk_sp<SkImage> image = imageTextureRef->makeImage(layerDataspace, alphaType);
 
             auto texMatrix = getSkM44(item.textureTransform).asM33();
             // textureTansform was intended to be passed directly into a shader, so when
@@ -1159,7 +1151,7 @@
         skgpu::ganesh::Flush(activeSurface);
     }
 
-    auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(grContext));
+    auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(context));
 
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
         static gui::FenceMonitor sMonitor("RE Completion");
@@ -1169,11 +1161,11 @@
 }
 
 size_t SkiaRenderEngine::getMaxTextureSize() const {
-    return mGrContext->maxTextureSize();
+    return mContext->getMaxTextureSize();
 }
 
 size_t SkiaRenderEngine::getMaxViewportDims() const {
-    return mGrContext->maxRenderTargetSize();
+    return mContext->getMaxRenderTargetSize();
 }
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::drawShadow(SkCanvas* canvas,
@@ -1199,13 +1191,13 @@
     const int maxResourceBytes = size.width * size.height * SURFACE_SIZE_MULTIPLIER;
 
     // start by resizing the current context
-    getActiveGrContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+    getActiveContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
 
     // if it is possible to switch contexts then we will resize the other context
     const bool originalProtectedState = mInProtectedContext;
     useProtectedContext(!mInProtectedContext);
     if (mInProtectedContext != originalProtectedState) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+        getActiveContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
         // reset back to the initial context that was active when this method was called
         useProtectedContext(originalProtectedState);
     }
@@ -1245,7 +1237,7 @@
                 {"skia", "Other"},
         };
         SkiaMemoryReporter gpuReporter(gpuResourceMap, true);
-        mGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuReporter);
+        mContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuReporter);
         StringAppendF(&result, "Skia's GPU Caches: ");
         gpuReporter.logTotals(result);
         gpuReporter.logOutput(result);
@@ -1269,8 +1261,8 @@
         StringAppendF(&result, "\n");
 
         SkiaMemoryReporter gpuProtectedReporter(gpuResourceMap, true);
-        if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-            mProtectedGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuProtectedReporter);
+        if (mProtectedContext) {
+            mProtectedContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuProtectedReporter);
         }
         StringAppendF(&result, "Skia's GPU Protected Caches: ");
         gpuProtectedReporter.logTotals(result);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
index e88d44c..9f892bd 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
-#include <GrDirectContext.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "AutoBackendTexture.h"
 #include "GrContextOptions.h"
 #include "SkImageInfo.h"
-#include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 #include "debug/SkiaCapture.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/LinearEffect.h"
@@ -76,24 +76,25 @@
     bool supportsProtectedContent() const override {
         return supportsProtectedContentImpl();
     }
-    void ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    void ensureContextsCreated();
+
 protected:
     // This is so backends can stop the generic rendering state first before
     // cleaning up backend-specific state
     void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
 
     // Functions that a given backend (GLES, Vulkan) must implement
-    using Contexts = std::pair<sk_sp<GrDirectContext>, sk_sp<GrDirectContext>>;
-    virtual Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options) = 0;
+    using Contexts = std::pair<unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext>, unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext>>;
+    virtual Contexts createContexts() = 0;
     virtual bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const = 0;
     virtual bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) = 0;
-    virtual void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) = 0;
-    virtual base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) = 0;
+    virtual void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) = 0;
+    virtual base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) = 0;
     virtual void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) = 0;
 
     size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override final;
     size_t getMaxViewportDims() const override final;
-    GrDirectContext* getActiveGrContext();
+    SkiaGpuContext* getActiveContext();
 
     bool isProtected() const { return mInProtectedContext; }
 
@@ -121,6 +122,8 @@
         int mTotalShadersCompiled = 0;
     };
 
+    SkSLCacheMonitor mSkSLCacheMonitor;
+
 private:
     void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                   bool isRenderable) override final;
@@ -183,12 +186,11 @@
     // Mutex guarding rendering operations, so that internal state related to
     // rendering that is potentially modified by multiple threads is guaranteed thread-safe.
     mutable std::mutex mRenderingMutex;
-    SkSLCacheMonitor mSkSLCacheMonitor;
 
     // Graphics context used for creating surfaces and submitting commands
-    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext;
+    unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> mContext;
     // Same as above, but for protected content (eg. DRM)
-    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mProtectedGrContext;
+    unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> mProtectedContext;
     bool mInProtectedContext = false;
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index f2f1b5d..d854929 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 
 #include "SkiaVkRenderEngine.h"
 
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
-#include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
-#include <vk/GrVkTypes.h>
+#include <GrDirectContext.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSemaphore.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
+#include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
+#include <vk/GrVkTypes.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@
 std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(
         const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaVkRenderEngine(args));
-    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    engine->ensureContextsCreated();
 
     if (sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
         ALOGD("SkiaVkRenderEngine::%s: successfully initialized SkiaVkRenderEngine", __func__);
@@ -103,16 +106,16 @@
     finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
 }
 
-SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
-        const GrContextOptions& options) {
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createContexts() {
     sSetupVulkanInterface();
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(sVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(), options);
+    contexts.first = SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(sVulkanInterface.getGaneshBackendContext(),
+                                                       mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
-        contexts.second =
-                GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(),
-                                             options);
+        contexts.second = SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface
+                                                                    .getGaneshBackendContext(),
+                                                            mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     }
 
     return contexts;
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@
     return sVulkanInterface;
 }
 
-void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
     if (fenceFd.get() < 0) return;
 
     int dupedFd = dup(fenceFd.get());
@@ -153,10 +156,11 @@
     VkSemaphore waitSemaphore =
             getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(fenceDup.release());
     GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(waitSemaphore);
-    grContext->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
+    context->grDirectContext()->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
 }
 
-base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) {
+    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext = context->grDirectContext();
     VulkanInterface& vi = getVulkanInterface(isProtected());
     VkSemaphore semaphore = vi.createExportableSemaphore();
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
index ca0dcbf..28b7595 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
 #include "VulkanInterface.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
@@ -72,11 +73,11 @@
 protected:
     // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
     // rendering backend
-    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts() override;
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
-    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) override;
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
index 453cdc1..2f09a38 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-GrVkBackendContext VulkanInterface::getBackendContext() {
+GrVkBackendContext VulkanInterface::getGaneshBackendContext() {
     GrVkBackendContext backendContext;
     backendContext.fInstance = mInstance;
     backendContext.fPhysicalDevice = mPhysicalDevice;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
index c3936d9..512e62c 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     void teardown();
 
     // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant (external/skia/include/gpu/vk/VulkanBackendContext.h)
-    GrVkBackendContext getBackendContext();
+    GrVkBackendContext getGaneshBackendContext();
     VkSemaphore createExportableSemaphore();
     VkSemaphore importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(int syncFd);
     int exportSemaphoreSyncFd(VkSemaphore semaphore);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51c6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GaneshGpuContext.h"
+
+#include <include/core/SkImageInfo.h>
+#include <include/core/SkSurface.h>
+#include <include/core/SkTraceMemoryDump.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrTypes.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+namespace {
+// TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant.
+static GrContextOptions ganeshOptions(GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    GrContextOptions options;
+    options.fDisableDriverCorrectnessWorkarounds = true;
+    options.fDisableDistanceFieldPaths = true;
+    options.fReducedShaderVariations = true;
+    options.fPersistentCache = &skSLCacheMonitor;
+    return options;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(
+        sk_sp<const GrGLInterface> glInterface,
+        GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    return std::make_unique<GaneshGpuContext>(
+            GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, ganeshOptions(skSLCacheMonitor)));
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(
+        const GrVkBackendContext& grVkBackendContext,
+        GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    return std::make_unique<GaneshGpuContext>(
+            GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(grVkBackendContext, ganeshOptions(skSLCacheMonitor)));
+}
+
+GaneshGpuContext::GaneshGpuContext(sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext) : mGrContext(grContext) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mGrContext.get() == nullptr, "GrDirectContext creation failed");
+}
+
+sk_sp<GrDirectContext> GaneshGpuContext::grDirectContext() {
+    return mGrContext;
+}
+
+sk_sp<SkSurface> GaneshGpuContext::createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) {
+    constexpr int kSampleCount = 1; // enable AA
+    constexpr SkSurfaceProps* kProps = nullptr;
+    constexpr bool kMipmapped = false;
+    return SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(mGrContext.get(), skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, imageInfo, kSampleCount,
+                                    kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin, kProps, kMipmapped,
+                                    mGrContext->supportsProtectedContent());
+}
+
+size_t GaneshGpuContext::getMaxRenderTargetSize() const {
+    return mGrContext->maxRenderTargetSize();
+};
+
+size_t GaneshGpuContext::getMaxTextureSize() const {
+    return mGrContext->maxTextureSize();
+};
+
+bool GaneshGpuContext::isAbandoned() {
+    return mGrContext->abandoned();
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) {
+    mGrContext->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() {
+    mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
+    mGrContext->abandonContext();
+};
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::purgeUnlockedScratchResources() {
+    mGrContext->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::resetContextIfApplicable() {
+    mGrContext->resetContext(); // Only applicable to GL
+};
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const {
+    mGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(traceMemoryDump);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59001ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+class GaneshGpuContext : public SkiaGpuContext {
+public:
+    GaneshGpuContext(sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext);
+    ~GaneshGpuContext() override = default;
+
+    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grDirectContext() override;
+
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) override;
+
+    size_t getMaxRenderTargetSize() const override;
+    size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override;
+    bool isAbandoned() override;
+    void setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) override;
+
+    void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() override;
+    void purgeUnlockedScratchResources() override;
+    void resetContextIfApplicable() override;
+
+    void dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const override;
+
+private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(GaneshGpuContext);
+
+    const sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba167f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "RenderEngine"
+
+#include <include/core/SkSurface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+/**
+ * Abstraction over Ganesh and Graphite's underlying context-like objects.
+ */
+class SkiaGpuContext {
+public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> MakeGL_Ganesh(
+            sk_sp<const GrGLInterface> glInterface,
+            GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor);
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant.
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> MakeVulkan_Ganesh(
+            const GrVkBackendContext& grVkBackendContext,
+            GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor);
+
+    virtual ~SkiaGpuContext() = default;
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Maybe expose whether this SkiaGpuContext is using Ganesh or Graphite?
+    /**
+     * Only callable on Ganesh-backed instances of SkiaGpuContext, otherwise fatal.
+     */
+    virtual sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grDirectContext() {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("grDirectContext() called on a non-Ganesh instance of SkiaGpuContext!");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notes:
+     * - The surface doesn't count against Skia's caching budgets.
+     * - Protected status is set to match the implementation's underlying context.
+     * - The origin of the surface in texture space corresponds to the top-left content pixel.
+     * - AA is always enabled.
+     */
+    virtual sk_sp<SkSurface> createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool isAbandoned() = 0;
+    virtual size_t getMaxRenderTargetSize() const = 0;
+    virtual size_t getMaxTextureSize() const = 0;
+    virtual void setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) = 0;
+
+    virtual void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() = 0;
+    virtual void purgeUnlockedScratchResources() = 0;
+    virtual void resetContextIfApplicable() = 0; // No-op outside of GL (&& Ganesh at this point.)
+
+    virtual void dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
index 9cddc75..180c922 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 
+#include "../compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 using namespace std;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -38,8 +40,9 @@
     virtual ~BlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
-                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
+    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+                                    const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput,
+                                    const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
 
     /**
      * Draw the blurred content (from the generate method) into the canvas.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
index e72c501..c9499cb 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@
 
 GaussianBlurFilter::GaussianBlurFilter(): BlurFilter(/* maxCrossFadeRadius= */ 0.0f) {}
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
-                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input, const SkRect& blurRect)
-    const {
+sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
+                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input,
+                                            const SkRect& blurRect) const {
     // Create blur surface with the bit depth and colorspace of the original surface
     SkImageInfo scaledInfo = input->imageInfo().makeWH(std::ceil(blurRect.width() * kInputScale),
                                                        std::ceil(blurRect.height() * kInputScale));
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(context,
-                                                        skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, scaledInfo);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = context->createRenderTarget(scaledInfo);
 
     SkPaint paint;
     paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
index a4febd2..878ab21 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@
     virtual ~GaussianBlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
                             const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
-
 };
 
 } // namespace skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
index 09f09a6..7a070d7 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@
     return surface->makeImageSnapshot();
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context,
-                                          const uint32_t blurRadius,
+sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
                                           const sk_sp<SkImage> input,
                                           const SkRect& blurRect) const {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(context == nullptr, "%s: Needs GPU context", __func__);
@@ -108,12 +107,7 @@
             input->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear, blurMatrix);
     blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = radiusByPasses * kInputScale;
 
-    constexpr int kSampleCount = 1;
-    constexpr bool kMipmapped = false;
-    constexpr SkSurfaceProps* kProps = nullptr;
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(context, skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, scaledInfo,
-                                                        kSampleCount, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
-                                                        kProps, kMipmapped, input->isProtected());
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = context->createRenderTarget(scaledInfo);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!surface, "%s: Failed to create surface for blurring!", __func__);
     sk_sp<SkImage> tmpBlur = makeImage(surface.get(), &blurBuilder);
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
index 0ac5ac8..429a537 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     virtual ~KawaseBlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
                             const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/tracing_perfetto/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1805e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "libtracing_perfetto_tests"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
index e487cbc..af0bcff 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 static const char* RO_DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY = "ro.hardware.egl";
 static const char* RO_BOARD_PLATFORM_PROPERTY = "ro.board.platform";
 static const char* ANGLE_SUFFIX_VALUE = "angle";
-static const char* VENDOR_ANGLE_BUILD = "ro.gfx.angle.supported";
 
 static const char* HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[3] = {
         PERSIST_DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY,
@@ -494,14 +493,9 @@
 
     void* dso = nullptr;
 
-    const bool AngleInVendor = property_get_bool(VENDOR_ANGLE_BUILD, false);
     const bool isSuffixAngle = suffix != nullptr && strcmp(suffix, ANGLE_SUFFIX_VALUE) == 0;
-    // Only use sphal namespace when system ANGLE binaries are not the default drivers.
-    const bool useSphalNamespace =  !isSuffixAngle || AngleInVendor;
-
     const std::string absolutePath =
-            findLibrary(libraryName, useSphalNamespace ? VENDOR_LIB_EGL_DIR : SYSTEM_LIB_PATH,
-                        exact);
+            findLibrary(libraryName, isSuffixAngle ? SYSTEM_LIB_PATH : VENDOR_LIB_EGL_DIR, exact);
     if (absolutePath.empty()) {
         // this happens often, we don't want to log an error
         return nullptr;
@@ -509,8 +503,9 @@
     const char* const driverAbsolutePath = absolutePath.c_str();
 
     // Currently the default driver is unlikely to be ANGLE on most devices,
-    // hence put this first.
-    if (useSphalNamespace) {
+    // hence put this first. Only use sphal namespace when system ANGLE binaries
+    // are not the default drivers.
+    if (!isSuffixAngle) {
         // Try to load drivers from the 'sphal' namespace, if it exist. Fall back to
         // the original routine when the namespace does not exist.
         // See /system/linkerconfig/contents/namespace for the configuration of the
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index dc220fe..e6b37c1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -598,6 +598,18 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+// Returns true if the given window's frame can occlude pointer events at the given display
+// location.
+bool windowOccludesTouchAt(const WindowInfo& windowInfo, int displayId, float x, float y,
+                           const ui::Transform& displayTransform) {
+    if (windowInfo.displayId != displayId) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto frame = displayTransform.transform(windowInfo.frame);
+    const auto p = floor(displayTransform.transform(x, y));
+    return p.x >= frame.left && p.x < frame.right && p.y >= frame.top && p.y < frame.bottom;
+}
+
 bool isPointerFromStylus(const MotionEntry& entry, int32_t pointerIndex) {
     return isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS) &&
             isStylusToolType(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].toolType);
@@ -3105,7 +3117,7 @@
  * If neither of those is true, then it means the touch can be allowed.
  */
 InputDispatcher::TouchOcclusionInfo InputDispatcher::computeTouchOcclusionInfoLocked(
-        const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle, int32_t x, int32_t y) const {
+        const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle, float x, float y) const {
     const WindowInfo* windowInfo = windowHandle->getInfo();
     int32_t displayId = windowInfo->displayId;
     const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
@@ -3119,7 +3131,8 @@
             break; // All future windows are below us. Exit early.
         }
         const WindowInfo* otherInfo = otherHandle->getInfo();
-        if (canBeObscuredBy(windowHandle, otherHandle) && otherInfo->frameContainsPoint(x, y) &&
+        if (canBeObscuredBy(windowHandle, otherHandle) &&
+            windowOccludesTouchAt(*otherInfo, displayId, x, y, getTransformLocked(displayId)) &&
             !haveSameApplicationToken(windowInfo, otherInfo)) {
             if (DEBUG_TOUCH_OCCLUSION) {
                 info.debugInfo.push_back(
@@ -3189,7 +3202,7 @@
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::isWindowObscuredAtPointLocked(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
-                                                    int32_t x, int32_t y) const {
+                                                    float x, float y) const {
     int32_t displayId = windowHandle->getInfo()->displayId;
     const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
     for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& otherHandle : windowHandles) {
@@ -3198,7 +3211,7 @@
         }
         const WindowInfo* otherInfo = otherHandle->getInfo();
         if (canBeObscuredBy(windowHandle, otherHandle) &&
-            otherInfo->frameContainsPoint(x, y)) {
+            windowOccludesTouchAt(*otherInfo, displayId, x, y, getTransformLocked(displayId))) {
             return true;
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 13571b3..edca63e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -566,11 +566,11 @@
     };
 
     TouchOcclusionInfo computeTouchOcclusionInfoLocked(
-            const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle, int32_t x, int32_t y) const
+            const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle, float x, float y) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool isTouchTrustedLocked(const TouchOcclusionInfo& occlusionInfo) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool isWindowObscuredAtPointLocked(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
-                                       int32_t x, int32_t y) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+                                       float x, float y) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool isWindowObscuredLocked(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     std::string dumpWindowForTouchOcclusion(const android::gui::WindowInfo* info,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
index a61fa85..cee741c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@
 }
 
 void AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(
-        const InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& args,
-        proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto) {
+        const WindowDispatchArgs& args, proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto) {
     std::visit([&](auto entry) { outProto.set_event_id(entry.id); }, args.eventEntry);
     outProto.set_vsync_id(args.vsyncId);
     outProto.set_window_id(args.windowId);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
index 8a46f15..ab5f9ca 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     static void toProtoMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
                                    proto::AndroidMotionEvent& outProto);
     static void toProtoKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event, proto::AndroidKeyEvent& outProto);
-    static void toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(const InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs&,
+    static void toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(const WindowDispatchArgs&,
                                            proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto);
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
index 49e6e21..47e27be 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
@@ -59,9 +59,10 @@
                           e.downTime,  e.flags,     e.repeatCount};
 }
 
-void writeEventToBackend(const TracedEvent& event, InputTracingBackendInterface& backend) {
-    std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { backend.traceMotionEvent(e); },
-                       [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { backend.traceKeyEvent(e); }},
+void writeEventToBackend(const TracedEvent& event, const TracedEventArgs args,
+                         InputTracingBackendInterface& backend) {
+    std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { backend.traceMotionEvent(e, args); },
+                       [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { backend.traceKeyEvent(e, args); }},
                event);
 }
 
@@ -101,15 +102,20 @@
 
 void InputTracer::dispatchToTargetHint(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie,
                                        const InputTarget& target) {
-    if (isDerivedCookie(cookie)) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Event target cannot be updated from a derived cookie.";
-    }
     auto& eventState = getState(cookie);
     if (eventState->isEventProcessingComplete) {
         // TODO(b/210460522): Disallow adding new targets after eventProcessingComplete() is called.
         return;
     }
-    // TODO(b/210460522): Determine if the event is sensitive based on the target.
+    if (isDerivedCookie(cookie)) {
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Disallow adding new targets from a derived cookie.
+        return;
+    }
+    if (target.windowHandle != nullptr) {
+        eventState->isSecure |= target.windowHandle->getInfo()->layoutParamsFlags.test(
+                gui::WindowInfo::Flag::SECURE);
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Set events as sensitive when the IME connection is active.
+    }
 }
 
 void InputTracer::eventProcessingComplete(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
@@ -144,7 +150,8 @@
         // It is possible for a derived event to be dispatched some time after the original event
         // is dispatched, such as in the case of key fallback events. To account for these cases,
         // derived events can be traced after the processing is complete for the original event.
-        writeEventToBackend(eventState->events.back(), *mBackend);
+        const TracedEventArgs traceArgs{.isSecure = eventState->isSecure};
+        writeEventToBackend(eventState->events.back(), traceArgs, *mBackend);
     }
     return std::make_unique<EventTrackerImpl>(std::move(eventState), /*isDerived=*/true);
 }
@@ -183,6 +190,7 @@
     const int32_t windowId = dispatchEntry.windowId.value_or(0);
     const int32_t vsyncId = dispatchEntry.windowId.has_value() ? dispatchEntry.vsyncId : 0;
 
+    // TODO(b/210460522): Pass HMAC into traceEventDispatch.
     const WindowDispatchArgs windowDispatchArgs{std::move(traced),
                                                 dispatchEntry.deliveryTime,
                                                 dispatchEntry.resolvedFlags,
@@ -194,7 +202,8 @@
                                                 /*hmac=*/{},
                                                 resolvedKeyRepeatCount};
     if (eventState->isEventProcessingComplete) {
-        mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(std::move(windowDispatchArgs));
+        mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(std::move(windowDispatchArgs),
+                                      TracedEventArgs{.isSecure = eventState->isSecure});
     } else {
         eventState->pendingDispatchArgs.emplace_back(std::move(windowDispatchArgs));
     }
@@ -213,12 +222,13 @@
 
 void InputTracer::EventState::onEventProcessingComplete() {
     // Write all of the events known so far to the trace.
+    const TracedEventArgs traceArgs{.isSecure = isSecure};
     for (const auto& event : events) {
-        writeEventToBackend(event, *tracer.mBackend);
+        writeEventToBackend(event, traceArgs, *tracer.mBackend);
     }
     // Write all pending dispatch args to the trace.
     for (const auto& windowDispatchArgs : pendingDispatchArgs) {
-        tracer.mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(windowDispatchArgs);
+        tracer.mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(windowDispatchArgs, traceArgs);
     }
     pendingDispatchArgs.clear();
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
index 8da9632..4ef6ca6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<InputTracingBackendInterface> mBackend;
 
-    using WindowDispatchArgs = InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs;
-
     // The state of a tracked event, shared across all events derived from the original event.
     struct EventState {
         explicit inline EventState(InputTracer& tracer) : tracer(tracer){};
@@ -66,8 +64,8 @@
         bool isEventProcessingComplete{false};
         // A queue to hold dispatch args from being traced until event processing is complete.
         std::vector<const WindowDispatchArgs> pendingDispatchArgs;
-        // TODO(b/210460522): Add additional args for tracking event sensitivity and
-        //  dispatch target UIDs.
+        // True if the event is targeting at least one secure window;
+        bool isSecure{false};
     };
 
     // Get the event state associated with a tracking cookie.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
index 94a86b9..6eef12e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
@@ -74,6 +74,26 @@
 /** A representation of a traced input event. */
 using TracedEvent = std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent>;
 
+/** Additional information about an input event being traced. */
+struct TracedEventArgs {
+    // True if the event is targeting at least one secure window.
+    bool isSecure;
+};
+
+/** Additional information about an input event being dispatched to a window. */
+struct WindowDispatchArgs {
+    TracedEvent eventEntry;
+    nsecs_t deliveryTime;
+    int32_t resolvedFlags;
+    gui::Uid targetUid;
+    int64_t vsyncId;
+    int32_t windowId;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
+    std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac;
+    int32_t resolvedKeyRepeatCount;
+};
+
 /**
  * An interface for the tracing backend, used for setting a custom backend for testing.
  */
@@ -82,25 +102,13 @@
     virtual ~InputTracingBackendInterface() = default;
 
     /** Trace a KeyEvent. */
-    virtual void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) = 0;
+    virtual void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) = 0;
 
     /** Trace a MotionEvent. */
-    virtual void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) = 0;
+    virtual void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) = 0;
 
     /** Trace an event being sent to a window. */
-    struct WindowDispatchArgs {
-        TracedEvent eventEntry;
-        nsecs_t deliveryTime;
-        int32_t resolvedFlags;
-        gui::Uid targetUid;
-        int64_t vsyncId;
-        int32_t windowId;
-        ui::Transform transform;
-        ui::Transform rawTransform;
-        std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac;
-        int32_t resolvedKeyRepeatCount;
-    };
-    virtual void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) = 0;
+    virtual void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&, const TracedEventArgs&) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
index 46ad9e1..8ef9ca5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@
     });
 }
 
-void PerfettoBackend::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event) {
+void PerfettoBackend::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                       const TracedEventArgs& args) {
+    if (args.isSecure) {
+        // For now, avoid tracing secure event entirely.
+        return;
+    }
     InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
         auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
         auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
@@ -72,7 +77,11 @@
     });
 }
 
-void PerfettoBackend::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event) {
+void PerfettoBackend::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event, const TracedEventArgs& args) {
+    if (args.isSecure) {
+        // For now, avoid tracing secure event entirely.
+        return;
+    }
     InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
         auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
         auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
@@ -81,13 +90,17 @@
     });
 }
 
-void PerfettoBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs) {
+void PerfettoBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+                                          const TracedEventArgs& args) {
+    if (args.isSecure) {
+        // For now, avoid tracing secure event entirely.
+        return;
+    }
     InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
         auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
-        auto* inputEventProto = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
-        auto* dispatchEventProto = inputEventProto->set_dispatcher_window_dispatch_event();
-        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(dispatchArgs,
-                                                                    *dispatchEventProto);
+        auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
+        auto* dispatchEvent = inputEvent->set_dispatcher_window_dispatch_event();
+        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(dispatchArgs, *dispatchEvent);
     });
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
index fefcfb3..d455375 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
     PerfettoBackend();
     ~PerfettoBackend() override = default;
 
-    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) override;
-    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) override;
-    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) override;
+    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
 
     class InputEventDataSource : public perfetto::DataSource<InputEventDataSource> {
     public:
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp
index 25bc227..b1791b3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp
@@ -53,23 +53,26 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Backend>
-void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event) {
+void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                                const TracedEventArgs& traceArgs) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mQueue.emplace_back(event);
+    mQueue.emplace_back(event, traceArgs);
     mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
 template <typename Backend>
-void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event) {
+void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event,
+                                             const TracedEventArgs& traceArgs) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mQueue.emplace_back(event);
+    mQueue.emplace_back(event, traceArgs);
     mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
 template <typename Backend>
-void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs) {
+void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+                                                   const TracedEventArgs& traceArgs) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mQueue.emplace_back(dispatchArgs);
+    mQueue.emplace_back(dispatchArgs, traceArgs);
     mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
@@ -93,11 +96,13 @@
 
     // Trace the events into the backend without holding the lock to reduce the amount of
     // work performed in the critical section.
-    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
-        std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { mBackend.traceMotionEvent(e); },
-                           [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mBackend.traceKeyEvent(e); },
+    for (const auto& [entry, traceArgs] : entries) {
+        std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) {
+                               mBackend.traceMotionEvent(e, traceArgs);
+                           },
+                           [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mBackend.traceKeyEvent(e, traceArgs); },
                            [&](const WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
-                               mBackend.traceWindowDispatch(args);
+                               mBackend.traceWindowDispatch(args, traceArgs);
                            }},
                    entry);
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h
index 5776cf9..cab47af 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@
     ThreadedBackend(Backend&& innerBackend);
     ~ThreadedBackend() override;
 
-    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) override;
-    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) override;
-    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) override;
+    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
 
 private:
     std::mutex mLock;
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
     bool mThreadExit GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
     std::condition_variable mThreadWakeCondition;
     Backend mBackend;
-    using TraceEntry = std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent, WindowDispatchArgs>;
+    using TraceEntry =
+            std::pair<std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent, WindowDispatchArgs>,
+                      TracedEventArgs>;
     std::vector<TraceEntry> mQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    using WindowDispatchArgs = InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs;
-
     void threadLoop();
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
index 08738e3..069b50d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
@@ -37,10 +37,9 @@
     return std::visit([](const auto& event) { return event.id; }, v);
 }
 
-MotionEvent toInputEvent(
-        const trace::TracedMotionEvent& e,
-        const trace::InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
-        const std::array<uint8_t, 32>& hmac) {
+MotionEvent toInputEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& e,
+                         const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+                         const std::array<uint8_t, 32>& hmac) {
     MotionEvent traced;
     traced.initialize(e.id, e.deviceId, e.source, e.displayId, hmac, e.action, e.actionButton,
                       dispatchArgs.resolvedFlags, e.edgeFlags, e.metaState, e.buttonState,
@@ -51,8 +50,7 @@
     return traced;
 }
 
-KeyEvent toInputEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& e,
-                      const trace::InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+KeyEvent toInputEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& e, const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
                       const std::array<uint8_t, 32>& hmac) {
     KeyEvent traced;
     traced.initialize(e.id, e.deviceId, e.source, e.displayId, hmac, e.action,
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@
 
     auto tracedDispatchesIt =
             std::find_if(mTracedWindowDispatches.begin(), mTracedWindowDispatches.end(),
-                         [&](const WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
+                         [&](const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
                              return args.windowId == expectedWindowId &&
                                      getId(args.eventEntry) == expectedEvent.getId();
                          });
@@ -163,7 +161,8 @@
 
 // --- FakeInputTracingBackend ---
 
-void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& event) {
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& event,
+                                            const trace::TracedEventArgs&) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
         mTrace->mTracedEvents.emplace(event.id, event);
@@ -171,7 +170,8 @@
     mTrace->mEventTracedCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
-void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& event) {
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                               const trace::TracedEventArgs&) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
         mTrace->mTracedEvents.emplace(event.id, event);
@@ -179,7 +179,8 @@
     mTrace->mEventTracedCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
-void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& args,
+                                                  const trace::TracedEventArgs&) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
         mTrace->mTracedWindowDispatches.push_back(args);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
index 1b3613d..ab05d6b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::condition_variable mEventTracedCondition;
     std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*eventId*/, trace::TracedEvent> mTracedEvents GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    using WindowDispatchArgs = trace::InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs;
-    std::vector<WindowDispatchArgs> mTracedWindowDispatches GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::vector<trace::WindowDispatchArgs> mTracedWindowDispatches GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::vector<std::pair<std::variant<KeyEvent, MotionEvent>, int32_t /*windowId*/>>
             mExpectedEvents GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
@@ -83,9 +82,11 @@
 private:
     std::shared_ptr<VerifyingTrace> mTrace;
 
-    void traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& entry) override;
-    void traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& entry) override;
-    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& entry) override;
+    void traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& entry, const trace::TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& entry,
+                          const trace::TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& entry,
+                             const trace::TracedEventArgs&) override;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 9375e92..6a6fc14 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -5367,6 +5367,94 @@
     window->assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+// This test verifies the occlusion detection for all rotations of the display by tapping
+// in different locations on the display, specifically points close to the four corners of a
+// window.
+TEST_P(InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationFixture, BlockUntrustClickInDifferentOrientations) {
+    constexpr static int32_t displayWidth = 400;
+    constexpr static int32_t displayHeight = 800;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> untrustedWindowApplication =
+            std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+
+    const auto rotation = GetParam();
+
+    // Set up the display with the specified rotation.
+    const bool isRotated = rotation == ui::ROTATION_90 || rotation == ui::ROTATION_270;
+    const int32_t logicalDisplayWidth = isRotated ? displayHeight : displayWidth;
+    const int32_t logicalDisplayHeight = isRotated ? displayWidth : displayHeight;
+    const ui::Transform displayTransform(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(rotation),
+                                         logicalDisplayWidth, logicalDisplayHeight);
+    addDisplayInfo(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, displayTransform);
+
+    // Create a window that not trusted.
+    const Rect untrustedWindowFrameInLogicalDisplay(100, 100, 200, 300);
+
+    const Rect untrustedWindowFrameInDisplay =
+            displayTransform.inverse().transform(untrustedWindowFrameInLogicalDisplay);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> untrustedWindow =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(untrustedWindowApplication, mDispatcher, "UntrustedWindow",
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    untrustedWindow->setFrame(untrustedWindowFrameInDisplay, displayTransform);
+    untrustedWindow->setTrustedOverlay(false);
+    untrustedWindow->setTouchOcclusionMode(TouchOcclusionMode::BLOCK_UNTRUSTED);
+    untrustedWindow->setTouchable(false);
+    untrustedWindow->setAlpha(1.0f);
+    untrustedWindow->setOwnerInfo(gui::Pid{1}, gui::Uid{101});
+    addWindow(untrustedWindow);
+
+    // Create a simple app window below the untrusted window.
+    const Rect simpleAppWindowFrameInLogicalDisplay(0, 0, 300, 600);
+    const Rect simpleAppWindowFrameInDisplay =
+            displayTransform.inverse().transform(simpleAppWindowFrameInLogicalDisplay);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> simpleAppWindow =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "SimpleAppWindow",
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    simpleAppWindow->setFrame(simpleAppWindowFrameInDisplay, displayTransform);
+    simpleAppWindow->setOwnerInfo(gui::Pid{2}, gui::Uid{202});
+    addWindow(simpleAppWindow);
+
+    // The following points in logical display space should be inside the untrusted window, so
+    // the simple window could not receive events that coordinate is these point.
+    static const std::array<vec2, 4> untrustedPoints{
+            {{100, 100}, {199.99, 100}, {100, 299.99}, {199.99, 299.99}}};
+
+    for (const auto untrustedPoint : untrustedPoints) {
+        const vec2 p = displayTransform.inverse().transform(untrustedPoint);
+        const PointF pointInDisplaySpace{p.x, p.y};
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
+                                                     AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                                     {pointInDisplaySpace}));
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
+                                                     AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                                     {pointInDisplaySpace}));
+    }
+    untrustedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    simpleAppWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    // The following points in logical display space should be outside the untrusted window, so
+    // the simple window should receive events that coordinate is these point.
+    static const std::array<vec2, 5> trustedPoints{
+            {{200, 100}, {100, 300}, {200, 300}, {100, 99.99}, {99.99, 100}}};
+    for (const auto trustedPoint : trustedPoints) {
+        const vec2 p = displayTransform.inverse().transform(trustedPoint);
+        const PointF pointInDisplaySpace{p.x, p.y};
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
+                                                     AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                                     {pointInDisplaySpace}));
+        simpleAppWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED);
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
+                                                     AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                                     {pointInDisplaySpace}));
+        simpleAppWindow->consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                         AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED);
+    }
+    untrustedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
 // Run the precision tests for all rotations.
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationTests,
                          InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationFixture,
diff --git a/services/powermanager/Android.bp b/services/powermanager/Android.bp
index 3ea08fe..4f65e77 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/Android.bp
+++ b/services/powermanager/Android.bp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
         "PowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp",
         "PowerSaveState.cpp",
         "Temperature.cpp",
-        "WorkDuration.cpp",
         "WorkSource.cpp",
         ":libpowermanager_aidl",
     ],
@@ -52,6 +51,10 @@
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
     ],
 
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "android.os.hintmanager_aidl-ndk",
+    ],
+
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
diff --git a/services/powermanager/WorkDuration.cpp b/services/powermanager/WorkDuration.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bd2b10a..0000000
--- a/services/powermanager/WorkDuration.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "WorkDuration"
-
-#include <android/WorkDuration.h>
-#include <android/performance_hint.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-namespace android::os {
-
-WorkDuration::WorkDuration(int64_t startTimestampNanos, int64_t totalDurationNanos,
-                           int64_t cpuDurationNanos, int64_t gpuDurationNanos)
-      : timestampNanos(0),
-        actualTotalDurationNanos(totalDurationNanos),
-        workPeriodStartTimestampNanos(startTimestampNanos),
-        actualCpuDurationNanos(cpuDurationNanos),
-        actualGpuDurationNanos(gpuDurationNanos) {}
-
-status_t WorkDuration::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
-    if (parcel == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    parcel->writeInt64(workPeriodStartTimestampNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(actualTotalDurationNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(actualCpuDurationNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(actualGpuDurationNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(timestampNanos);
-    return OK;
-}
-
-status_t WorkDuration::readFromParcel(const Parcel*) {
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
-}
-
-} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkDuration.h b/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkDuration.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 26a575f..0000000
--- a/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkDuration.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
-#include <math.h>
-
-struct AWorkDuration {};
-
-namespace android::os {
-
-/**
- * C++ Parcelable version of {@link PerformanceHintManager.WorkDuration} that can be used in
- * binder calls.
- * This file needs to be kept in sync with the WorkDuration in
- * frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/WorkDuration.java
- */
-struct WorkDuration : AWorkDuration, android::Parcelable {
-    WorkDuration() = default;
-    ~WorkDuration() = default;
-
-    WorkDuration(int64_t workPeriodStartTimestampNanos, int64_t actualTotalDurationNanos,
-                 int64_t actualCpuDurationNanos, int64_t actualGpuDurationNanos);
-    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
-    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
-
-    inline bool equalsWithoutTimestamp(const WorkDuration& other) const {
-        return workPeriodStartTimestampNanos == other.workPeriodStartTimestampNanos &&
-                actualTotalDurationNanos == other.actualTotalDurationNanos &&
-                actualCpuDurationNanos == other.actualCpuDurationNanos &&
-                actualGpuDurationNanos == other.actualGpuDurationNanos;
-    }
-
-    bool operator==(const WorkDuration& other) const {
-        return timestampNanos == other.timestampNanos && equalsWithoutTimestamp(other);
-    }
-
-    bool operator!=(const WorkDuration& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
-
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const WorkDuration& workDuration) {
-        os << "{"
-           << "workPeriodStartTimestampNanos: " << workDuration.workPeriodStartTimestampNanos
-           << ", actualTotalDurationNanos: " << workDuration.actualTotalDurationNanos
-           << ", actualCpuDurationNanos: " << workDuration.actualCpuDurationNanos
-           << ", actualGpuDurationNanos: " << workDuration.actualGpuDurationNanos
-           << ", timestampNanos: " << workDuration.timestampNanos << "}";
-        return os;
-    }
-
-    int64_t timestampNanos;
-    int64_t actualTotalDurationNanos;
-    int64_t workPeriodStartTimestampNanos;
-    int64_t actualCpuDurationNanos;
-    int64_t actualGpuDurationNanos;
-};
-
-} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracker.cpp
index 178c531..ca8cdc3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracker.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 
-// This is needed for stdint.h to define INT64_MAX in C++
-#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
-
 #include <inttypes.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index ad59f1a..56c29e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -506,6 +506,8 @@
     }
 
     int noVoteLayers = 0;
+    // Layers that prefer the same mode ("no-op").
+    int noPreferenceLayers = 0;
     int minVoteLayers = 0;
     int maxVoteLayers = 0;
     int explicitDefaultVoteLayers = 0;
@@ -549,10 +551,7 @@
                     explicitCategoryVoteLayers++;
                 }
                 if (layer.frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::NoPreference) {
-                    // Count this layer for Min vote as well. The explicit vote avoids
-                    // touch boost and idle for choosing a category, while Min vote is for correct
-                    // behavior when all layers are Min or no vote.
-                    minVoteLayers++;
+                    noPreferenceLayers++;
                 }
                 break;
             case LayerVoteType::Heuristic:
@@ -612,6 +611,16 @@
         return {ranking, kNoSignals};
     }
 
+    // If all layers are category NoPreference, use the current config.
+    if (noPreferenceLayers + noVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
+        ALOGV("All layers NoPreference");
+        const auto ascendingWithPreferred =
+                rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending, activeMode.getId());
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (All layers NoPreference)",
+                              to_string(ascendingWithPreferred.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ascendingWithPreferred, kNoSignals};
+    }
+
     const bool smoothSwitchOnly = categorySmoothSwitchOnlyLayers > 0;
     const DisplayModeId activeModeId = activeMode.getId();
 
@@ -643,6 +652,7 @@
               ftl::enum_string(layer.frameRateCategory).c_str());
         if (layer.isNoVote() || layer.frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::NoPreference ||
             layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Min) {
+            ALOGV("%s scoring skipped due to vote", formatLayerInfo(layer, layer.weight).c_str());
             continue;
         }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index db1930d..acb3760 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -377,15 +377,20 @@
     mRenderRateOpt = renderRate;
     const auto renderPeriodDelta =
             prevRenderRate ? prevRenderRate->getPeriodNsecs() - renderRate.getPeriodNsecs() : 0;
-    const bool newRenderRateIsHigher = renderPeriodDelta > renderRate.getPeriodNsecs() &&
-            mLastCommittedVsync.ns() - mClock->now() > 2 * renderRate.getPeriodNsecs();
     if (applyImmediately) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("applyImmediately");
         while (mTimelines.size() > 1) {
             mTimelines.pop_front();
         }
 
         mTimelines.front().setRenderRate(renderRate);
-    } else if (newRenderRateIsHigher) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const bool newRenderRateIsHigher = renderPeriodDelta > renderRate.getPeriodNsecs() &&
+            mLastCommittedVsync.ns() - mClock->now() > 2 * renderRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    if (newRenderRateIsHigher) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("newRenderRateIsHigher");
         mTimelines.clear();
         mLastCommittedVsync = TimePoint::fromNs(0);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
index 3b669c6..3c2ccbc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(display_protected, "")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(fp16_client_target, "debug.sf.fp16_client_target")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(game_default_frame_rate, "")
-FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(enable_layer_command_batching, "")
+FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(enable_layer_command_batching, "debug.sf.enable_layer_command_batching")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(screenshot_fence_preservation, "debug.sf.screenshot_fence_preservation")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vulkan_renderengine, "debug.renderengine.vulkan")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(renderable_buffer_usage, "")
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index fe0e3d1..a155f5d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -295,6 +295,12 @@
                     << "Did not get expected frame rate for frameRate="
                     << to_string(testCase.desiredFrameRate)
                     << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedModeId,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers).modePtr->getId())
+                    << "Did not get expected DisplayModeId for modeId="
+                    << ftl::to_underlying(testCase.expectedModeId)
+                    << " frameRate=" << to_string(testCase.desiredFrameRate)
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
         }
     }
 };
@@ -1534,7 +1540,7 @@
             {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
             {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 60_Hz},
             {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Low, 30_Hz},
-            {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 30_Hz},
+            {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 60_Hz},
 
             // Cases that have both desired frame rate and frame rate category requirements.
             {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz},
@@ -1591,6 +1597,7 @@
 
         // Expected result
         Fps expectedFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        DisplayModeId expectedModeId = kModeId90;
     };
 
     testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
@@ -1605,7 +1612,7 @@
 
     testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
             std::initializer_list<Case>{
-                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 60_Hz},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 60_Hz, kModeId60},
                     {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
                     {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 90_Hz},
             },
@@ -1614,18 +1621,18 @@
     testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
             std::initializer_list<Case>{
                     {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
-                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz},
-                    {12_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 120_Hz},
-                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 120_Hz},
+                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {12_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
 
             },
             selector);
 
     testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
             std::initializer_list<Case>{
-                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz},
-                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz},
-                    {120_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz},
+                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {120_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
             },
             selector);
 }
@@ -1640,6 +1647,7 @@
 
         // Expected result
         Fps expectedFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        DisplayModeId expectedModeId = kModeId120;
     };
 
     testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(std::initializer_list<
@@ -1970,6 +1978,122 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_idleTimer_60_120_nonVrr) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, false);
+    using KernelIdleTimerAction = RefreshRateSelector::KernelIdleTimerAction;
+    struct LayerArg {
+        // Params
+        FrameRateCategory frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Default;
+        LayerVoteType voteType = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+
+        // Expected result
+        Fps expectedFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        DisplayModeId expectedModeId = kModeId60;
+    };
+
+    const auto runTest = [&](const TestableRefreshRateSelector& selector,
+                             const std::initializer_list<LayerArg>& layerArgs,
+                             const RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals& signals) {
+        std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers;
+        for (auto testCase : layerArgs) {
+            ALOGI("**** %s: Testing frameRateCategory=%s", __func__,
+                  ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory).c_str());
+
+            if (testCase.frameRateCategory != FrameRateCategory::Default) {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "ExplicitCategory (" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory) << ")";
+                LayerRequirement layer = {.name = ss.str(),
+                                          .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory,
+                                          .frameRateCategory = testCase.frameRateCategory,
+                                          .weight = 1.f};
+                layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+
+            if (testCase.voteType != LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault) {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << ftl::enum_string(testCase.voteType);
+                LayerRequirement layer = {.name = ss.str(),
+                                          .vote = testCase.voteType,
+                                          .weight = 1.f};
+                layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, signals).modePtr->getPeakFps())
+                    << "Did not get expected frame rate for"
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedModeId,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, signals).modePtr->getId())
+                    << "Did not get expected DisplayModeId for modeId="
+                    << ftl::to_underlying(testCase.expectedModeId)
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+        }
+    };
+
+    {
+        // IdleTimer not configured
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode120), kModeId120);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0ms, selector.getIdleTimerTimeout());
+
+        runTest(selector,
+                std::initializer_list<LayerArg>{
+                        // Rate does not change due to NoPreference.
+                        {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                         .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                         .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                        {.voteType = LayerVoteType::NoVote,
+                         .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                         .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                        {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                         .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                         .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                },
+                {.idle = false});
+    }
+
+    // IdleTimer configured
+    constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds kIdleTimerTimeoutMs = 10ms;
+    auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode120), kModeId120,
+                                   Config{
+                                           .idleTimerTimeout = kIdleTimerTimeoutMs,
+                                   });
+    ASSERT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
+    ASSERT_EQ(kIdleTimerTimeoutMs, selector.getIdleTimerTimeout());
+    runTest(selector,
+            std::initializer_list<LayerArg>{
+                    // Rate won't change immediately and will stay 120 due to NoPreference, as
+                    // idle timer did not timeout yet.
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                    {.voteType = LayerVoteType::NoVote,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+            },
+            {.idle = false});
+
+    // Idle timer is triggered using GlobalSignals.
+    ASSERT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
+    ASSERT_EQ(kIdleTimerTimeoutMs, selector.getIdleTimerTimeout());
+    runTest(selector,
+            std::initializer_list<LayerArg>{
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId60},
+                    {.voteType = LayerVoteType::NoVote,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId60},
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId60},
+            },
+            {.idle = true});
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
        getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_smoothSwitchOnly_60_120_nonVrr) {
     if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
         return;
@@ -1992,8 +2116,7 @@
     const std::initializer_list<Case> testCases = {
             // These layers may switch modes because smoothSwitchOnly=false.
             {FrameRateCategory::Default, false, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
-            // TODO(b/266481656): Once this bug is fixed, NoPreference should be a lower frame rate.
-            {FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, false, 60_Hz, kModeId60},
+            {FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, false, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
             {FrameRateCategory::Low, false, 30_Hz, kModeId60},
             {FrameRateCategory::Normal, false, 60_Hz, kModeId60},
             {FrameRateCategory::High, false, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
index 48707cb..aac1cac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
@@ -944,6 +944,27 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6001), Eq(8000));
 }
 
+// b/329310308
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, renderRateChangeAfterAppliedImmediately) {
+    tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(1000);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1001), Eq(2000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(2001), Eq(3000));
+
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000), /*applyImmediately*/ true);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1001), Eq(3000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(3001), Eq(5000));
+
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(4000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1001), Eq(3000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(3001), Eq(5000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5001), Eq(9000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(9001), Eq(13000));
+}
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index 1314193..74d3d9d 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -555,8 +555,7 @@
     return native_format;
 }
 
-DataSpace GetNativeDataspace(VkColorSpaceKHR colorspace,
-                             PixelFormat pixelFormat) {
+DataSpace GetNativeDataspace(VkColorSpaceKHR colorspace, VkFormat format) {
     switch (colorspace) {
         case VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR:
             return DataSpace::SRGB;
@@ -575,7 +574,7 @@
         case VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT709_NONLINEAR_EXT:
             return DataSpace::SRGB;
         case VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT2020_LINEAR_EXT:
-            if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16) {
+            if (format == VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT) {
                 return DataSpace::BT2020_LINEAR_EXTENDED;
             } else {
                 return DataSpace::BT2020_LINEAR;
@@ -764,21 +763,20 @@
         {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR},
     };
 
+    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
     if (colorspace_ext) {
         for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
              colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, GetNativePixelFormat(
-                                                   VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM)) !=
-                DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
+            format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) != DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
                 all_formats.emplace_back(
-                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, colorSpace});
+                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
             }
 
-            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, GetNativePixelFormat(
-                                                   VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB)) !=
-                DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
+            format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
+            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) != DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
                 all_formats.emplace_back(
-                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, colorSpace});
+                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
             }
         }
     }
@@ -787,78 +785,73 @@
     // Android users.  This includes the ANGLE team (a layered implementation of
     // OpenGL-ES).
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
-        all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-            VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+        all_formats.emplace_back(
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
-        all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-            VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+        all_formats.emplace_back(
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
 
             for (
                 VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                 colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspaceOnFP16SurfaceOnly) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(
-            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32,
-                               VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace, GetNativePixelFormat(
-                                        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
         if (colorspace_ext) {
-            all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
+            all_formats.emplace_back(
+                VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
         }
     }
 
@@ -877,22 +870,18 @@
             rgba10x6_formats_ext = true;
         }
     }
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R10G10B10A10_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc) && rgba10x6_formats_ext) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(
-            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16,
-                               VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(
-                            VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16,
-                        colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1670,8 +1659,8 @@
 
     PixelFormat native_pixel_format =
         GetNativePixelFormat(create_info->imageFormat);
-    DataSpace native_dataspace =
-        GetNativeDataspace(create_info->imageColorSpace, native_pixel_format);
+    DataSpace native_dataspace = GetNativeDataspace(
+        create_info->imageColorSpace, create_info->imageFormat);
     if (native_dataspace == DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
         ALOGE(
             "CreateSwapchainKHR(VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR.imageColorSpace = %d) "