diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/DumpstateService.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/DumpstateService.cpp
index a0b9cbb..1824943 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/DumpstateService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/DumpstateService.cpp
@@ -148,14 +148,13 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status DumpstateService::cancelBugreport() {
-    // This is a no-op since the cancellation is done from java side via setting sys properties.
-    // See BugreportManagerServiceImpl.
-    // TODO(b/111441001): maybe make native and java sides use different binder interface
-    // to avoid these annoyances.
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
+    ds_->Cancel();
     return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
 status_t DumpstateService::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>&) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
     if (ds_ == nullptr) {
         dprintf(fd, "Bugreport not in progress yet");
         return NO_ERROR;
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 01b7e63..772b9fe 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -239,6 +239,9 @@
 }
 
 static bool UnlinkAndLogOnError(const std::string& file) {
+    if (file.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
     if (unlink(file.c_str())) {
         MYLOGE("Failed to unlink file (%s): %s\n", file.c_str(), strerror(errno));
         return false;
@@ -246,7 +249,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-
 int64_t GetModuleMetadataVersion() {
     auto binder = defaultServiceManager()->getService(android::String16("package_native"));
     if (binder == nullptr) {
@@ -2419,6 +2421,17 @@
     return status;
 }
 
+void Dumpstate::Cancel() {
+    CleanupTmpFiles();
+    android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(log_path_);
+    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_DUMPS; i++) {
+        android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(ds.bugreport_internal_dir_ + "/" +
+                                         kDumpstateBoardFiles[i]);
+    }
+    tombstone_data_.clear();
+    anr_data_.clear();
+}
+
 /*
  * Dumps relevant information to a bugreport based on the given options.
  *
@@ -2755,7 +2768,7 @@
     return ds.options_->bugreport_fd.get() != -1 ? true : false;
 }
 
-void Dumpstate::CleanupFiles() {
+void Dumpstate::CleanupTmpFiles() {
     android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(tmp_path_);
     android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(screenshot_path_);
     android::os::UnlinkAndLogOnError(path_);
@@ -2763,7 +2776,7 @@
 
 Dumpstate::RunStatus Dumpstate::HandleUserConsentDenied() {
     MYLOGD("User denied consent; deleting files and returning\n");
-    CleanupFiles();
+    CleanupTmpFiles();
     return USER_CONSENT_DENIED;
 }
 
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
index 7b8d282..9ce662b 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
@@ -334,6 +334,9 @@
 
     RunStatus ParseCommandlineAndRun(int argc, char* argv[]);
 
+    /* Deletes in-progress files */
+    void Cancel();
+
     /* Sets runtime options. */
     void SetOptions(std::unique_ptr<DumpOptions> options);
 
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@
 
     // Removes the in progress files output files (tmp file, zip/txt file, screenshot),
     // but leaves the log file alone.
-    void CleanupFiles();
+    void CleanupTmpFiles();
 
     RunStatus HandleUserConsentDenied();
 
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control.h b/include/android/surface_control.h
index c30dcfe..cbcf6ec 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control.h
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
 
 #if __ANDROID_API__ >= 30
 
-/*
+/**
  * Sets the intended frame rate for |surface_control|.
  *
  * On devices that are capable of running the display at different refresh rates, the system may
@@ -421,9 +421,9 @@
  *
  * |frameRate| is the intended frame rate of this surface, in frames per second. 0 is a special
  * value that indicates the app will accept the system's choice for the display frame rate, which is
- * the default behavior if this function isn't called. The frameRate param does *not* need to be a
- * valid refresh rate for this device's display - e.g., it's fine to pass 30fps to a device that can
- * only run the display at 60fps.
+ * the default behavior if this function isn't called. The frameRate param does <em>not</em> need to
+ * be a valid refresh rate for this device's display - e.g., it's fine to pass 30fps to a device
+ * that can only run the display at 60fps.
  *
  * |compatibility| The frame rate compatibility of this surface. The compatibility value may
  * influence the system's choice of display frame rate. To specify a compatibility use the
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
index 2ee5930..6afcd77 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
@@ -122,7 +122,16 @@
         OP_LEGACY_STORAGE = 87,
         OP_ACCESS_ACCESSIBILITY = 88,
         OP_READ_DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS = 89,
-        _NUM_OP = 90
+        OP_ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION = 90,
+        OP_QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES = 91,
+        OP_MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 92,
+        OP_INTERACT_ACROSS_PROFILES = 93,
+        OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN = 94,
+        OP_LOADER_USAGE_STATS = 95,
+        OP_DEPRECATED_1 = 96,
+        OP_AUTO_REVOKE_PERMISSIONS_IF_UNUSED = 97,
+        OP_AUTO_REVOKE_MANAGED_BY_INSTALLER = 98,
+        _NUM_OP = 99
     };
 
     AppOpsManager();
diff --git a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
index b2b74dc..fd557b7 100644
--- a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
+++ b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
         "android.hardware.thermal@2.0::IThermal",
         "android.hardware.vr@1.0::IVr",
         "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@1.0::IAudioControl",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@2.0::IAudioControl",
         "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::IVehicle",
         "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0::IEvsCamera",
         "android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IDevice",
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h
index 59aa665..25130e2 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h
@@ -233,15 +233,15 @@
 
 #if __ANDROID_API__ >= 30
 
-/* Parameter for ANativeWindow_setFrameRate */
-enum {
+/** Compatibility value for ANativeWindow_setFrameRate. */
+enum ANativeWindow_FrameRateCompatibility {
     /**
      * There are no inherent restrictions on the frame rate of this window.
      */
     ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_COMPATIBILITY_DEFAULT = 0,
     /**
      * This window is being used to display content with an inherently fixed
-     * frame rate, e.g. a video that has a specific frame rate. When the system
+     * frame rate, e.g.\ a video that has a specific frame rate. When the system
      * selects a frame rate other than what the app requested, the app will need
      * to do pull down or use some other technique to adapt to the system's
      * frame rate. The user experience is likely to be worse (e.g. more frame
@@ -272,9 +272,9 @@
  * \param frameRate The intended frame rate of this window, in frames per
  * second. 0 is a special value that indicates the app will accept the system's
  * choice for the display frame rate, which is the default behavior if this
- * function isn't called. The frameRate param does *not* need to be a valid
- * refresh rate for this device's display - e.g., it's fine to pass 30fps to a
- * device that can only run the display at 60fps.
+ * function isn't called. The frameRate param does <em>not</em> need to be a
+ * valid refresh rate for this device's display - e.g., it's fine to pass 30fps
+ * to a device that can only run the display at 60fps.
  *
  * \param compatibility The frame rate compatibility of this window. The
  * compatibility value may influence the system's choice of display refresh
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index bbc8e53..99a572a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@
       : InputMapper(deviceContext),
         mSource(0),
         mDeviceMode(DEVICE_MODE_DISABLED),
-        mSurfaceWidth(-1),
-        mSurfaceHeight(-1),
+        mRawSurfaceWidth(-1),
+        mRawSurfaceHeight(-1),
         mSurfaceLeft(0),
         mSurfaceTop(0),
         mPhysicalWidth(-1),
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
                     naturalLogicalHeight = mViewport.logicalRight - mViewport.logicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.deviceHeight - naturalPhysicalWidth;
+                    naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.deviceHeight - mViewport.physicalBottom;
                     naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.physicalLeft;
                     naturalDeviceWidth = mViewport.deviceHeight;
                     naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceWidth;
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
                     naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.deviceWidth - naturalPhysicalHeight;
+                    naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.deviceWidth - mViewport.physicalRight;
                     naturalDeviceWidth = mViewport.deviceHeight;
                     naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceWidth;
                     break;
@@ -729,10 +729,12 @@
             mPhysicalLeft = naturalPhysicalLeft;
             mPhysicalTop = naturalPhysicalTop;
 
-            mSurfaceWidth = naturalLogicalWidth * naturalDeviceWidth / naturalPhysicalWidth;
-            mSurfaceHeight = naturalLogicalHeight * naturalDeviceHeight / naturalPhysicalHeight;
+            mRawSurfaceWidth = naturalLogicalWidth * naturalDeviceWidth / naturalPhysicalWidth;
+            mRawSurfaceHeight = naturalLogicalHeight * naturalDeviceHeight / naturalPhysicalHeight;
             mSurfaceLeft = naturalPhysicalLeft * naturalLogicalWidth / naturalPhysicalWidth;
             mSurfaceTop = naturalPhysicalTop * naturalLogicalHeight / naturalPhysicalHeight;
+            mSurfaceRight = mSurfaceLeft + naturalLogicalWidth;
+            mSurfaceBottom = mSurfaceTop + naturalLogicalHeight;
 
             mSurfaceOrientation =
                     mParameters.orientationAware ? mViewport.orientation : DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
@@ -742,8 +744,8 @@
             mPhysicalLeft = 0;
             mPhysicalTop = 0;
 
-            mSurfaceWidth = rawWidth;
-            mSurfaceHeight = rawHeight;
+            mRawSurfaceWidth = rawWidth;
+            mRawSurfaceHeight = rawHeight;
             mSurfaceLeft = 0;
             mSurfaceTop = 0;
             mSurfaceOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
@@ -769,12 +771,12 @@
     if (viewportChanged || deviceModeChanged) {
         ALOGI("Device reconfigured: id=%d, name='%s', size %dx%d, orientation %d, mode %d, "
               "display id %d",
-              getDeviceId(), getDeviceName().c_str(), mSurfaceWidth, mSurfaceHeight,
+              getDeviceId(), getDeviceName().c_str(), mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight,
               mSurfaceOrientation, mDeviceMode, mViewport.displayId);
 
         // Configure X and Y factors.
-        mXScale = float(mSurfaceWidth) / rawWidth;
-        mYScale = float(mSurfaceHeight) / rawHeight;
+        mXScale = float(mRawSurfaceWidth) / rawWidth;
+        mYScale = float(mRawSurfaceHeight) / rawHeight;
         mXTranslate = -mSurfaceLeft;
         mYTranslate = -mSurfaceTop;
         mXPrecision = 1.0f / mXScale;
@@ -793,7 +795,7 @@
         mGeometricScale = avg(mXScale, mYScale);
 
         // Size of diagonal axis.
-        float diagonalSize = hypotf(mSurfaceWidth, mSurfaceHeight);
+        float diagonalSize = hypotf(mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight);
 
         // Size factors.
         if (mCalibration.sizeCalibration != Calibration::SIZE_CALIBRATION_NONE) {
@@ -956,13 +958,13 @@
                 mOrientedYPrecision = mXPrecision;
 
                 mOrientedRanges.x.min = mYTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mSurfaceHeight + mYTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mRawSurfaceHeight + mYTranslate - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mYScale;
 
                 mOrientedRanges.y.min = mXTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mSurfaceWidth + mXTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mRawSurfaceWidth + mXTranslate - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mXScale;
@@ -973,13 +975,13 @@
                 mOrientedYPrecision = mYPrecision;
 
                 mOrientedRanges.x.min = mXTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mSurfaceWidth + mXTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mRawSurfaceWidth + mXTranslate - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mXScale;
 
                 mOrientedRanges.y.min = mYTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mSurfaceHeight + mYTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mRawSurfaceHeight + mYTranslate - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mYScale;
@@ -992,7 +994,7 @@
         if (mDeviceMode == DEVICE_MODE_POINTER) {
             // Compute pointer gesture detection parameters.
             float rawDiagonal = hypotf(rawWidth, rawHeight);
-            float displayDiagonal = hypotf(mSurfaceWidth, mSurfaceHeight);
+            float displayDiagonal = hypotf(mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight);
 
             // Scale movements such that one whole swipe of the touch pad covers a
             // given area relative to the diagonal size of the display when no acceleration
@@ -1027,10 +1029,12 @@
 
 void TouchInputMapper::dumpSurface(std::string& dump) {
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "%s\n", mViewport.toString().c_str());
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceWidth: %dpx\n", mSurfaceWidth);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceHeight: %dpx\n", mSurfaceHeight);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "RawSurfaceWidth: %dpx\n", mRawSurfaceWidth);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "RawSurfaceHeight: %dpx\n", mRawSurfaceHeight);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceLeft: %d\n", mSurfaceLeft);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceTop: %d\n", mSurfaceTop);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceRight: %d\n", mSurfaceRight);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceBottom: %d\n", mSurfaceBottom);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalWidth: %dpx\n", mPhysicalWidth);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalHeight: %dpx\n", mPhysicalHeight);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalLeft: %d\n", mPhysicalLeft);
@@ -1074,16 +1078,16 @@
         int32_t halfHeight = virtualKeyDefinition.height / 2;
 
         virtualKey.hitLeft =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX - halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mSurfaceWidth +
+                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX - halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mRawSurfaceWidth +
                 touchScreenLeft;
         virtualKey.hitRight =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX + halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mSurfaceWidth +
+                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX + halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mRawSurfaceWidth +
                 touchScreenLeft;
-        virtualKey.hitTop =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY - halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight / mSurfaceHeight +
+        virtualKey.hitTop = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY - halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight /
+                        mRawSurfaceHeight +
                 touchScreenTop;
-        virtualKey.hitBottom =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY + halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight / mSurfaceHeight +
+        virtualKey.hitBottom = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY + halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight /
+                        mRawSurfaceHeight +
                 touchScreenTop;
         mVirtualKeys.push_back(virtualKey);
     }
@@ -2188,13 +2192,10 @@
         rotateAndScale(xTransformed, yTransformed);
 
         // Adjust X, Y, and coverage coords for surface orientation.
-        float x, y;
         float left, top, right, bottom;
 
         switch (mSurfaceOrientation) {
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-                x = yTransformed + mYTranslate;
-                y = xTransformed + mXTranslate;
                 left = float(rawTop - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
                 right = float(rawBottom - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
                 bottom = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawLeft) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
@@ -2207,8 +2208,6 @@
                 }
                 break;
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
-                x = xTransformed + mXTranslate;
-                y = yTransformed + mYTranslate;
                 left = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawRight) * mXScale;
                 right = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawLeft) * mXScale;
                 bottom = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawTop) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
@@ -2221,8 +2220,6 @@
                 }
                 break;
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-                x = yTransformed + mYTranslate;
-                y = xTransformed + mXTranslate;
                 left = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawBottom) * mYScale;
                 right = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawTop) * mYScale;
                 bottom = float(rawRight - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
@@ -2235,8 +2232,6 @@
                 }
                 break;
             default:
-                x = xTransformed + mXTranslate;
-                y = yTransformed + mYTranslate;
                 left = float(rawLeft - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
                 right = float(rawRight - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
                 bottom = float(rawBottom - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
@@ -2247,8 +2242,8 @@
         // Write output coords.
         PointerCoords& out = mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[i];
         out.clear();
-        out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
-        out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y);
+        out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, xTransformed);
+        out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, yTransformed);
         out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, pressure);
         out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, size);
         out.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, touchMajor);
@@ -3624,34 +3619,47 @@
     abortTouches(when, 0 /* policyFlags*/);
 }
 
+// Transform raw coordinate to surface coordinate
 void TouchInputMapper::rotateAndScale(float& x, float& y) {
+    // Scale to surface coordinate.
+    const float xScaled = float(x - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
+    const float yScaled = float(y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
+
+    // Rotate to surface coordinate.
+    // 0 - no swap and reverse.
+    // 90 - swap x/y and reverse y.
+    // 180 - reverse x, y.
+    // 270 - swap x/y and reverse x.
     switch (mSurfaceOrientation) {
+        case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0:
+            x = xScaled + mXTranslate;
+            y = yScaled + mYTranslate;
+            break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-            x = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - x) * mXScale;
-            y = float(y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
+            y = mSurfaceRight - xScaled;
+            x = yScaled + mYTranslate;
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
-            x = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - x) * mXScale;
-            y = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - y) * mYScale;
+            x = mSurfaceRight - xScaled;
+            y = mSurfaceBottom - yScaled;
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-            x = float(x - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
-            y = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - y) * mYScale;
+            y = xScaled + mXTranslate;
+            x = mSurfaceBottom - yScaled;
             break;
         default:
-            x = float(x - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
-            y = float(y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
-            break;
+            assert(false);
     }
 }
 
 bool TouchInputMapper::isPointInsideSurface(int32_t x, int32_t y) {
-    float xTransformed = x, yTransformed = y;
-    rotateAndScale(xTransformed, yTransformed);
+    const float xScaled = (x - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
+    const float yScaled = (y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
+
     return x >= mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue && x <= mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue &&
-            xTransformed >= mSurfaceLeft && xTransformed <= mSurfaceLeft + mSurfaceWidth &&
+            xScaled >= mSurfaceLeft && xScaled <= mSurfaceRight &&
             y >= mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue && y <= mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue &&
-            yTransformed >= mSurfaceTop && yTransformed <= mSurfaceTop + mSurfaceHeight;
+            yScaled >= mSurfaceTop && yScaled <= mSurfaceBottom;
 }
 
 const TouchInputMapper::VirtualKey* TouchInputMapper::findVirtualKeyHit(int32_t x, int32_t y) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
index e21a33a..58bfc5c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
@@ -407,12 +407,16 @@
     // The surface orientation, width and height set by configureSurface().
     // The width and height are derived from the viewport but are specified
     // in the natural orientation.
+    // They could be used for calculating diagonal, scaling factors, and virtual keys.
+    int32_t mRawSurfaceWidth;
+    int32_t mRawSurfaceHeight;
+
     // The surface origin specifies how the surface coordinates should be translated
     // to align with the logical display coordinate space.
-    int32_t mSurfaceWidth;
-    int32_t mSurfaceHeight;
     int32_t mSurfaceLeft;
     int32_t mSurfaceTop;
+    int32_t mSurfaceRight;
+    int32_t mSurfaceBottom;
 
     // Similar to the surface coordinates, but in the raw display coordinate space rather than in
     // the logical coordinate space.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 618aefc..96d86b6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -6990,51 +6990,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID, args.displayId);
 }
 
-/**
- * Test touch should not work if outside of surface.
- */
-TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest, Viewports_SurfaceRange) {
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
-    prepareAxes(POSITION);
-    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
-    // Touch on left-top area should work.
-    int32_t rawX = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2 - 1;
-    int32_t rawY = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2 - 1;
-    processPosition(mapper, rawX, rawY);
-    processSync(mapper);
-
-    NotifyMotionArgs args;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-
-    // Reset.
-    mapper.reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
-
-    // Let logical display be different to physical display and rotate 90-degrees.
-    std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
-            mFakePolicy->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::VIEWPORT_INTERNAL);
-    internalViewport->orientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90;
-    internalViewport->logicalLeft = 0;
-    internalViewport->logicalTop = 0;
-    internalViewport->logicalRight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-    internalViewport->logicalBottom = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
-
-    internalViewport->physicalLeft = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-    internalViewport->physicalTop = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
-    internalViewport->physicalRight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-    internalViewport->physicalBottom = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
-
-    internalViewport->deviceWidth = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-    internalViewport->deviceHeight = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
-    mFakePolicy->updateViewport(internalViewport.value());
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
-
-    // Display align to right-top after rotate 90-degrees, touch on left-top area should not work.
-    processPosition(mapper, rawX, rawY);
-    processSync(mapper);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
-}
 
 TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest, Process_ShouldHandleSingleTouch) {
     addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
@@ -7161,4 +7117,130 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&motionArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID, motionArgs.displayId);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Test touch should not work if outside of surface.
+ */
+class MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange : public MultiTouchInputMapperTest {
+protected:
+    void halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(int32_t orientation) {
+        std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
+                mFakePolicy->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::VIEWPORT_INTERNAL);
+
+        // Half display to (width/4, 0, width * 3/4, height) to make display has offset.
+        internalViewport->orientation = orientation;
+        if (orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90 || orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270) {
+            internalViewport->logicalLeft = 0;
+            internalViewport->logicalTop = 0;
+            internalViewport->logicalRight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+            internalViewport->logicalBottom = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
+
+            internalViewport->physicalLeft = 0;
+            internalViewport->physicalTop = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
+            internalViewport->physicalRight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+            internalViewport->physicalBottom = DISPLAY_WIDTH * 3 / 4;
+
+            internalViewport->deviceWidth = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+            internalViewport->deviceHeight = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
+        } else {
+            internalViewport->logicalLeft = 0;
+            internalViewport->logicalTop = 0;
+            internalViewport->logicalRight = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
+            internalViewport->logicalBottom = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+
+            internalViewport->physicalLeft = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
+            internalViewport->physicalTop = 0;
+            internalViewport->physicalRight = DISPLAY_WIDTH * 3 / 4;
+            internalViewport->physicalBottom = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+
+            internalViewport->deviceWidth = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
+            internalViewport->deviceHeight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+        }
+
+        mFakePolicy->updateViewport(internalViewport.value());
+        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    }
+
+    void processPositionAndVerify(MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper, int32_t xInside, int32_t yInside,
+                                  int32_t xOutside, int32_t yOutside, int32_t xExpected,
+                                  int32_t yExpected) {
+        // touch on outside area should not work.
+        processPosition(mapper, toRawX(xOutside), toRawY(yOutside));
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+
+        // touch on inside area should receive the event.
+        NotifyMotionArgs args;
+        processPosition(mapper, toRawX(xInside), toRawY(yInside));
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
+        ASSERT_NEAR(xExpected, args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X), 1);
+        ASSERT_NEAR(yExpected, args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y), 1);
+
+        // Reset.
+        mapper.reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange) {
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+    prepareAxes(POSITION);
+    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    // Touch on center of normal display should work.
+    const int32_t x = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
+    const int32_t y = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
+    processPosition(mapper, toRawX(x), toRawY(y));
+    processSync(mapper);
+    NotifyMotionArgs args;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0], x, y, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
+                                                0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
+    // Reset.
+    mapper.reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
+
+    // Let physical display be different to device, and make surface and physical could be 1:1.
+    halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+
+    const int32_t xExpected = (x + 1) - (DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4);
+    const int32_t yExpected = y;
+    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x + 1, y, xExpected, yExpected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange_90) {
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+    prepareAxes(POSITION);
+    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    // Half display to (width/4, 0, width * 3/4, height) and rotate 90-degrees.
+    halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90);
+
+    const int32_t x = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
+    const int32_t y = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
+
+    // expect x/y = swap x/y then reverse y.
+    const int32_t xExpected = y;
+    const int32_t yExpected = (DISPLAY_WIDTH * 3 / 4) - (x + 1);
+    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x + 1, y, xExpected, yExpected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange_270) {
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+    prepareAxes(POSITION);
+    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    // Half display to (width/4, 0, width * 3/4, height) and rotate 270-degrees.
+    halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
+
+    const int32_t x = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
+    const int32_t y = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
+
+    // expect x/y = swap x/y then reverse x.
+    constexpr int32_t xExpected = DISPLAY_HEIGHT - y;
+    constexpr int32_t yExpected = (x + 1) - DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
+    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x + 1, y, xExpected, yExpected);
+}
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index e4d754c..a32bc2b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
     // pixel format is HDR Y410 masquerading as RGBA_1010102
     return (mBufferInfo.mDataspace == ui::Dataspace::BT2020_ITU_PQ &&
             mBufferInfo.mApi == NATIVE_WINDOW_API_MEDIA &&
-            mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getPixelFormat() == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102);
+            mBufferInfo.mPixelFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102);
 }
 
 sp<compositionengine::LayerFE> BufferLayer::getCompositionEngineLayerFE() const {
@@ -374,6 +374,12 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void BufferLayer::gatherBufferInfo() {
+    mBufferInfo.mPixelFormat =
+            !mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE : mBufferInfo.mBuffer->format;
+    mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded = true;
+}
+
 bool BufferLayer::latchBuffer(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions, nsecs_t latchTime,
                               nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -434,7 +440,6 @@
     gatherBufferInfo();
 
     mRefreshPending = true;
-    mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded = true;
     if (oldBufferInfo.mBuffer == nullptr) {
         // the first time we receive a buffer, we need to trigger a
         // geometry invalidation.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
index f678910..fbec6ee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
         Region mSurfaceDamage;
         HdrMetadata mHdrMetadata;
         int mApi;
-        PixelFormat mPixelFormat;
+        PixelFormat mPixelFormat{PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE};
         bool mTransformToDisplayInverse{false};
 
         sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
index 4e5c593..c84b15d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
@@ -525,8 +525,6 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    mFormat = format;
-
     setDefaultBufferSize(w, h);
     mConsumer->setDefaultBufferFormat(format);
     mConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(getEffectiveUsage(0));
@@ -550,6 +548,8 @@
 }
 
 void BufferQueueLayer::gatherBufferInfo() {
+    BufferLayer::gatherBufferInfo();
+
     mBufferInfo.mDesiredPresentTime = mConsumer->getTimestamp();
     mBufferInfo.mFenceTime = mConsumer->getCurrentFenceTime();
     mBufferInfo.mFence = mConsumer->getCurrentFence();
@@ -560,7 +560,6 @@
     mBufferInfo.mSurfaceDamage = mConsumer->getSurfaceDamage();
     mBufferInfo.mHdrMetadata = mConsumer->getCurrentHdrMetadata();
     mBufferInfo.mApi = mConsumer->getCurrentApi();
-    mBufferInfo.mPixelFormat = mFormat;
     mBufferInfo.mTransformToDisplayInverse = mConsumer->getTransformToDisplayInverse();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
index 5f7587c..ea7f203 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
@@ -132,8 +132,6 @@
     sp<BufferLayerConsumer> mConsumer;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mProducer;
 
-    PixelFormat mFormat{PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE};
-
     bool mUpdateTexImageFailed{false};
 
     uint64_t mPreviousBufferId = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index 3ed6889..3e65171 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -718,8 +718,9 @@
 }
 
 void BufferStateLayer::gatherBufferInfo() {
-    const State& s(getDrawingState());
+    BufferLayer::gatherBufferInfo();
 
+    const State& s(getDrawingState());
     mBufferInfo.mDesiredPresentTime = s.desiredPresentTime;
     mBufferInfo.mFenceTime = std::make_shared<FenceTime>(s.acquireFence);
     mBufferInfo.mFence = s.acquireFence;
@@ -730,8 +731,6 @@
     mBufferInfo.mSurfaceDamage = s.surfaceDamageRegion;
     mBufferInfo.mHdrMetadata = s.hdrMetadata;
     mBufferInfo.mApi = s.api;
-    mBufferInfo.mPixelFormat =
-            !mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE : mBufferInfo.mBuffer->format;
     mBufferInfo.mTransformToDisplayInverse = s.transformToDisplayInverse;
     mBufferInfo.mBufferSlot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(s.clientCacheId);
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index 02226ab..88f6649 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 
     MOCK_METHOD3(allocateVirtualDisplay,
                  std::optional<DisplayId>(uint32_t, uint32_t, ui::PixelFormat*));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(allocatePhysicalDisplay, void(hwc2_display_t, DisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD1(createLayer, HWC2::Layer*(DisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD2(destroyLayer, void(DisplayId, HWC2::Layer*));
     MOCK_METHOD3(getDeviceCompositionChanges,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index fb6c817..397fedc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -183,9 +183,10 @@
     struct Physical {
         DisplayId id;
         DisplayConnectionType type;
+        hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId;
 
         bool operator==(const Physical& other) const {
-            return id == other.id && type == other.type;
+            return id == other.id && type == other.type && hwcDisplayId == other.hwcDisplayId;
         }
     };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index 1c1e113..560299a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -205,56 +205,14 @@
 
 std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> HWComposer::onHotplug(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId,
                                                                HWC2::Connection connection) {
-    std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> info;
-
-    if (const auto displayId = toPhysicalDisplayId(hwcDisplayId)) {
-        info = DisplayIdentificationInfo{.id = *displayId,
-                                         .name = std::string(),
-                                         .deviceProductInfo = std::nullopt};
-    } else {
-        if (connection == HWC2::Connection::Disconnected) {
-            ALOGE("Ignoring disconnection of invalid HWC display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+    switch (connection) {
+        case HWC2::Connection::Connected:
+            return onHotplugConnect(hwcDisplayId);
+        case HWC2::Connection::Disconnected:
+            return onHotplugDisconnect(hwcDisplayId);
+        case HWC2::Connection::Invalid:
             return {};
-        }
-
-        info = onHotplugConnect(hwcDisplayId);
-        if (!info) return {};
     }
-
-    ALOGV("%s: %s %s display %s with HWC ID %" PRIu64, __FUNCTION__, to_string(connection).c_str(),
-          hwcDisplayId == mInternalHwcDisplayId ? "internal" : "external",
-          to_string(info->id).c_str(), hwcDisplayId);
-
-    if (connection == HWC2::Connection::Connected) {
-        auto& displayData = mDisplayData[info->id];
-        // If we get a hotplug connected event for a display we already have,
-        // destroy the display and recreate it. This will force us to requery
-        // the display params and recreate all layers on that display.
-        if (displayData.hwcDisplay != nullptr && displayData.hwcDisplay->isConnected()) {
-            ALOGI("Hotplug connecting an already connected display."
-                  " Clearing old display state.");
-        }
-        displayData.hwcDisplay.reset();
-        auto newDisplay =
-                std::make_unique<HWC2::impl::Display>(*mComposer.get(), mCapabilities, hwcDisplayId,
-                                                      HWC2::DisplayType::Physical);
-        newDisplay->setConnected(true);
-        displayData.hwcDisplay = std::move(newDisplay);
-        mPhysicalDisplayIdMap[hwcDisplayId] = info->id;
-    } else if (connection == HWC2::Connection::Disconnected) {
-        // The display will later be destroyed by a call to
-        // destroyDisplay(). For now we just mark it disconnected.
-        auto& displayData = mDisplayData[info->id];
-        if (displayData.hwcDisplay) {
-            displayData.hwcDisplay->setConnected(false);
-        } else {
-            ALOGW("Attempted to disconnect unknown display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
-        }
-        // The cleanup of Disconnect is handled through HWComposer::disconnectDisplay
-        // via SurfaceFlinger's onHotplugReceived callback handling
-    }
-
-    return info;
 }
 
 bool HWComposer::onVsync(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, int64_t timestamp) {
@@ -337,6 +295,22 @@
     return displayId;
 }
 
+void HWComposer::allocatePhysicalDisplay(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, DisplayId displayId) {
+    if (!mInternalHwcDisplayId) {
+        mInternalHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
+    } else if (mInternalHwcDisplayId != hwcDisplayId && !mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
+        mExternalHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
+    }
+
+    auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
+    auto newDisplay =
+            std::make_unique<HWC2::impl::Display>(*mComposer.get(), mCapabilities, hwcDisplayId,
+                                                  HWC2::DisplayType::Physical);
+    newDisplay->setConnected(true);
+    displayData.hwcDisplay = std::move(newDisplay);
+    mPhysicalDisplayIdMap[hwcDisplayId] = displayId;
+}
+
 HWC2::Layer* HWComposer::createLayer(DisplayId displayId) {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, nullptr);
 
@@ -911,52 +885,93 @@
     return {};
 }
 
-std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> HWComposer::onHotplugConnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId) {
+bool HWComposer::shouldIgnoreHotplugConnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId,
+                                            bool hasDisplayIdentificationData) const {
     if (isUsingVrComposer() && mInternalHwcDisplayId) {
         ALOGE("Ignoring connection of external display %" PRIu64 " in VR mode", hwcDisplayId);
-        return {};
+        return true;
     }
 
-    uint8_t port;
-    DisplayIdentificationData data;
-    const bool hasMultiDisplaySupport = getDisplayIdentificationData(hwcDisplayId, &port, &data);
-
-    if (mPhysicalDisplayIdMap.empty()) {
-        mHasMultiDisplaySupport = hasMultiDisplaySupport;
-        ALOGI("Switching to %s multi-display mode",
-              hasMultiDisplaySupport ? "generalized" : "legacy");
-    } else if (mHasMultiDisplaySupport && !hasMultiDisplaySupport) {
+    if (mHasMultiDisplaySupport && !hasDisplayIdentificationData) {
         ALOGE("Ignoring connection of display %" PRIu64 " without identification data",
               hwcDisplayId);
-        return {};
+        return true;
     }
 
-    std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> info;
-
-    if (mHasMultiDisplaySupport) {
-        info = parseDisplayIdentificationData(port, data);
-        ALOGE_IF(!info, "Failed to parse identification data for display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
-    } else if (mInternalHwcDisplayId && mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
+    if (!mHasMultiDisplaySupport && mInternalHwcDisplayId && mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
         ALOGE("Ignoring connection of tertiary display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
-        return {};
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> HWComposer::onHotplugConnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId) {
+    std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> info;
+    if (const auto displayId = toPhysicalDisplayId(hwcDisplayId)) {
+        info = DisplayIdentificationInfo{.id = *displayId,
+                                         .name = std::string(),
+                                         .deviceProductInfo = std::nullopt};
     } else {
-        ALOGW_IF(hasMultiDisplaySupport, "Ignoring identification data for display %" PRIu64,
-                 hwcDisplayId);
-        port = mInternalHwcDisplayId ? HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL : HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY;
+        uint8_t port;
+        DisplayIdentificationData data;
+        const bool hasDisplayIdentificationData =
+                getDisplayIdentificationData(hwcDisplayId, &port, &data);
+        if (mPhysicalDisplayIdMap.empty()) {
+            mHasMultiDisplaySupport = hasDisplayIdentificationData;
+            ALOGI("Switching to %s multi-display mode",
+                  mHasMultiDisplaySupport ? "generalized" : "legacy");
+        }
+
+        if (shouldIgnoreHotplugConnect(hwcDisplayId, hasDisplayIdentificationData)) {
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        info = [this, hwcDisplayId, &port, &data, hasDisplayIdentificationData] {
+            const bool isPrimary = !mInternalHwcDisplayId;
+            if (mHasMultiDisplaySupport) {
+                if (const auto info = parseDisplayIdentificationData(port, data)) {
+                    return *info;
+                }
+                ALOGE("Failed to parse identification data for display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+            } else {
+                ALOGW_IF(hasDisplayIdentificationData,
+                         "Ignoring identification data for display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+                port = isPrimary ? HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY : HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL;
+            }
+
+            return DisplayIdentificationInfo{.id = getFallbackDisplayId(port),
+                                             .name = isPrimary ? "Internal display"
+                                                               : "External display",
+                                             .deviceProductInfo = std::nullopt};
+        }();
     }
 
-    if (!mInternalHwcDisplayId) {
-        mInternalHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
-    } else if (!mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
-        mExternalHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
+    if (!isConnected(info->id)) {
+        allocatePhysicalDisplay(hwcDisplayId, info->id);
+    }
+    return info;
+}
+
+std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> HWComposer::onHotplugDisconnect(
+        hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId) {
+    const auto displayId = toPhysicalDisplayId(hwcDisplayId);
+    if (!displayId) {
+        ALOGE("Ignoring disconnection of invalid HWC display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+        return {};
     }
 
-    if (info) return info;
-
-    return DisplayIdentificationInfo{.id = getFallbackDisplayId(port),
-                                     .name = hwcDisplayId == mInternalHwcDisplayId
-                                             ? "Internal display"
-                                             : "External display",
+    // The display will later be destroyed by a call to
+    // destroyDisplay(). For now we just mark it disconnected.
+    if (isConnected(*displayId)) {
+        mDisplayData[*displayId].hwcDisplay->setConnected(false);
+    } else {
+        ALOGW("Attempted to disconnect unknown display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+    }
+    // The cleanup of Disconnect is handled through HWComposer::disconnectDisplay
+    // via SurfaceFlinger's onHotplugReceived callback handling
+    return DisplayIdentificationInfo{.id = *displayId,
+                                     .name = std::string(),
                                      .deviceProductInfo = std::nullopt};
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index 41db501..3cb40b1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@
     virtual std::optional<DisplayId> allocateVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                                             ui::PixelFormat* format) = 0;
 
+    virtual void allocatePhysicalDisplay(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, DisplayId displayId) = 0;
+
     // Attempts to create a new layer on this display
     virtual HWC2::Layer* createLayer(DisplayId displayId) = 0;
     // Destroy a previously created layer
@@ -164,6 +166,7 @@
 
     // Returns stable display ID (and display name on connection of new or previously disconnected
     // display), or std::nullopt if hotplug event was ignored.
+    // This function is called from SurfaceFlinger.
     virtual std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> onHotplug(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId,
                                                                HWC2::Connection connection) = 0;
 
@@ -238,6 +241,9 @@
     std::optional<DisplayId> allocateVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                                     ui::PixelFormat* format) override;
 
+    // Called from SurfaceFlinger, when the state for a new physical display needs to be recreated.
+    void allocatePhysicalDisplay(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, DisplayId displayId) override;
+
     // Attempts to create a new layer on this display
     HWC2::Layer* createLayer(DisplayId displayId) override;
     // Destroy a previously created layer
@@ -361,6 +367,10 @@
     friend TestableSurfaceFlinger;
 
     std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> onHotplugConnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId);
+    std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> onHotplugDisconnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId);
+    bool shouldIgnoreHotplugConnect(hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId,
+                                    bool hasDisplayIdentificationData) const;
+
     void loadCapabilities();
     void loadLayerMetadataSupport();
     uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 2da92b3..880be28 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -2385,7 +2385,8 @@
                 }
 
                 DisplayDeviceState state;
-                state.physical = {displayId, getHwComposer().getDisplayConnectionType(displayId)};
+                state.physical = {displayId, getHwComposer().getDisplayConnectionType(displayId),
+                                  event.hwcDisplayId};
                 state.isSecure = true; // All physical displays are currently considered secure.
                 state.displayName = info->name;
 
@@ -2394,6 +2395,12 @@
                 mPhysicalDisplayTokens.emplace(displayId, std::move(token));
 
                 mInterceptor->saveDisplayCreation(state);
+            } else {
+                ALOGV("Recreating display %s", to_string(displayId).c_str());
+
+                const auto token = it->second;
+                auto& state = mCurrentState.displays.editValueFor(token);
+                state.sequenceId = DisplayDeviceState{}.sequenceId;
             }
         } else {
             ALOGV("Removing display %s", to_string(displayId).c_str());
@@ -2571,20 +2578,17 @@
         producer = bqProducer;
     }
 
-    if (displaySurface != nullptr) {
-        mDisplays.emplace(displayToken,
-                          setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(displayToken, compositionDisplay, state,
-                                                        displaySurface, producer));
-        if (!state.isVirtual()) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
-            dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(displayId->value, true);
-        }
+    LOG_FATAL_IF(!displaySurface);
+    const auto display = setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(displayToken, compositionDisplay, state,
+                                                       displaySurface, producer);
+    mDisplays.emplace(displayToken, display);
+    if (!state.isVirtual()) {
+        LOG_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
+        dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(displayId->value, true);
+    }
 
-        const auto displayDevice = mDisplays[displayToken];
-        if (displayDevice->isPrimary()) {
-            mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(displayDevice->getWidth() *
-                                                    displayDevice->getHeight());
-        }
+    if (display->isPrimary()) {
+        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(display->getWidth() * display->getHeight());
     }
 }
 
@@ -2595,7 +2599,7 @@
         display->disconnect();
 
         if (!display->isVirtual()) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
+            LOG_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
             dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(displayId->value, false);
         }
     }
@@ -2608,13 +2612,19 @@
                                            const DisplayDeviceState& drawingState) {
     const sp<IBinder> currentBinder = IInterface::asBinder(currentState.surface);
     const sp<IBinder> drawingBinder = IInterface::asBinder(drawingState.surface);
-    if (currentBinder != drawingBinder) {
+    if (currentBinder != drawingBinder || currentState.sequenceId != drawingState.sequenceId) {
         // changing the surface is like destroying and recreating the DisplayDevice
         if (const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken)) {
             display->disconnect();
         }
         mDisplays.erase(displayToken);
+        if (const auto& physical = currentState.physical) {
+            getHwComposer().allocatePhysicalDisplay(physical->hwcDisplayId, physical->id);
+        }
         processDisplayAdded(displayToken, currentState);
+        if (currentState.physical) {
+            initializeDisplays();
+        }
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4132,6 +4142,9 @@
     }
 
     if (currentMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF) {
+        if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedFifo(true) != NO_ERROR) {
+            ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_FIFO on display on: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+        }
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(*displayId, mode);
         if (display->isPrimary() && mode != HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             setVsyncEnabledInHWC(*displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
@@ -4142,19 +4155,11 @@
         mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
         mHasPoweredOff = true;
         repaintEverything();
-
-        struct sched_param param = {0};
-        param.sched_priority = 1;
-        if (sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, &param) != 0) {
-            ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_FIFO on display on");
-        }
     } else if (mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF) {
         // Turn off the display
-        struct sched_param param = {0};
-        if (sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_OTHER, &param) != 0) {
-            ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_OTHER on display off");
+        if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedFifo(false) != NO_ERROR) {
+            ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_OTHER on display off: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         }
-
         if (display->isPrimary() && currentMode != HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             mScheduler->disableHardwareVsync(true);
             mScheduler->onScreenReleased(mAppConnectionHandle);
@@ -5341,6 +5346,26 @@
     }
 }
 
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::setSchedFifo(bool enabled) {
+    static constexpr int kFifoPriority = 2;
+    static constexpr int kOtherPriority = 0;
+
+    struct sched_param param = {0};
+    int sched_policy;
+    if (enabled) {
+        sched_policy = SCHED_FIFO;
+        param.sched_priority = kFifoPriority;
+    } else {
+        sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
+        param.sched_priority = kOtherPriority;
+    }
+
+    if (sched_setscheduler(0, sched_policy, &param) != 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 const sp<DisplayDevice> SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayByIdOrLayerStack(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack) {
     const sp<IBinder> displayToken = getPhysicalDisplayTokenLocked(DisplayId{displayOrLayerStack});
     if (displayToken) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 6ab1fcf..60904f6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -259,6 +259,9 @@
     // overhead that is caused by reading from sysprop.
     static bool useFrameRateApi;
 
+    // set main thread scheduling policy
+    static status_t setSchedFifo(bool enabled) ANDROID_API;
+
     static char const* getServiceName() ANDROID_API {
         return "SurfaceFlinger";
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
index 5b3cd69..80102bd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
 
 Increment* SurfaceInterceptor::createTraceIncrementLocked() {
     Increment* increment(mTrace.add_increment());
-    increment->set_time_stamp(systemTime());
+    increment->set_time_stamp(elapsedRealtimeNano());
     return increment;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/main_surfaceflinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/main_surfaceflinger.cpp
index d7ad9de..2b8424c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/main_surfaceflinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/main_surfaceflinger.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <configstore/Utils.h>
 #include <displayservice/DisplayService.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <hidl/LegacySupport.h>
 #include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
@@ -114,10 +115,8 @@
 
     startDisplayService(); // dependency on SF getting registered above
 
-    struct sched_param param = {0};
-    param.sched_priority = 2;
-    if (sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, &param) != 0) {
-        ALOGE("Couldn't set SCHED_FIFO");
+    if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedFifo(true) != NO_ERROR) {
+        ALOGW("Couldn't set to SCHED_FIFO: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
 
     // run surface flinger in this thread
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h
index 932c7c8..40ec502 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h
@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@
     virtual sp<SurfaceControl> createLayer(const sp<SurfaceComposerClient>& client,
                                            const char* name, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                            uint32_t flags = 0, SurfaceControl* parent = nullptr,
-                                           uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr) {
-        auto layer = createSurface(client, name, width, height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, flags,
-                                   parent, outTransformHint);
+                                           uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr,
+                                           PixelFormat format = PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888) {
+        auto layer =
+                createSurface(client, name, width, height, format, flags, parent, outTransformHint);
 
         Transaction t;
         t.setLayerStack(layer, mDisplayLayerStack).setLayer(layer, mLayerZBase);
@@ -81,8 +82,9 @@
 
     virtual sp<SurfaceControl> createLayer(const char* name, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                            uint32_t flags = 0, SurfaceControl* parent = nullptr,
-                                           uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr) {
-        return createLayer(mClient, name, width, height, flags, parent, outTransformHint);
+                                           uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr,
+                                           PixelFormat format = PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888) {
+        return createLayer(mClient, name, width, height, flags, parent, outTransformHint, format);
     }
 
     sp<SurfaceControl> createColorLayer(const char* name, const Color& color,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
index 2fd2579..d666d7e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
@@ -365,6 +365,67 @@
         getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
     }
 }
+
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBufferFormat) {
+    int32_t width = 100;
+    int32_t height = 100;
+    Rect crop = Rect(0, 0, width, height);
+
+    sp<SurfaceControl> behindLayer = createColorLayer("Behind layer", Color::RED);
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", width, height, 0, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                                PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888));
+
+    Transaction()
+            .setLayer(layer, INT32_MAX - 1)
+            .show(layer)
+            .setLayerStack(behindLayer, mDisplayLayerStack)
+            .setCrop_legacy(behindLayer, crop)
+            .setLayer(behindLayer, INT32_MAX - 2)
+            .show(behindLayer)
+            .apply();
+
+    sp<Surface> surface = layer->getSurface();
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
+            new GraphicBuffer(width, height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888, 1,
+                              BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN |
+                                      BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY,
+                              "test");
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            TransactionUtils::fillGraphicBufferColor(buffer, crop, Color::TRANSPARENT));
+
+    if (mLayerType == ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue) {
+        Surface::attachAndQueueBufferWithDataspace(surface.get(), buffer, ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB);
+    } else {
+        Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply();
+    }
+
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("Buffer Opaque Format");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(crop, Color::BLACK);
+    }
+
+    buffer = new GraphicBuffer(width, height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+                               BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN |
+                                       BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY,
+                               "test");
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            TransactionUtils::fillGraphicBufferColor(buffer, crop, Color::TRANSPARENT));
+
+    if (mLayerType == ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue) {
+        Surface::attachAndQueueBufferWithDataspace(surface.get(), buffer, ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB);
+    } else {
+        Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply();
+    }
+
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("Buffer Transparent Format");
+        auto shot = screenshot();
+        shot->expectColor(crop, Color::RED);
+    }
+}
 } // namespace android
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h
index 040852f..f0af363 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h
@@ -88,13 +88,14 @@
 
     sp<SurfaceControl> createLayer(const char* name, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                    uint32_t flags = 0, SurfaceControl* parent = nullptr,
-                                   uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr) {
+                                   uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr,
+                                   PixelFormat format = PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888) {
         // if the flags already have a layer type specified, return an error
         if (flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceMask) {
             return nullptr;
         }
         return LayerTransactionTest::createLayer(name, width, height, flags | mLayerType, parent,
-                                                 outTransformHint);
+                                                 outTransformHint, format);
     }
 
     void fillLayerColor(const sp<SurfaceControl>& layer, const Color& color, int32_t bufferWidth,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 680b0a0..2dcaf63 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -305,14 +305,14 @@
                 compositionengine::impl::createDisplay(test->mFlinger.getCompositionEngine(),
                                                        ceDisplayArgs);
 
-        test->mDisplay =
-                FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(test->mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
-                                          DisplayConnectionType::Internal, true /* isPrimary */)
-                        .setDisplaySurface(test->mDisplaySurface)
-                        .setNativeWindow(test->mNativeWindow)
-                        .setSecure(Derived::IS_SECURE)
-                        .setPowerMode(Derived::INIT_POWER_MODE)
-                        .inject();
+        test->mDisplay = FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(test->mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
+                                                   DisplayConnectionType::Internal, HWC_DISPLAY,
+                                                   true /* isPrimary */)
+                                 .setDisplaySurface(test->mDisplaySurface)
+                                 .setNativeWindow(test->mNativeWindow)
+                                 .setSecure(Derived::IS_SECURE)
+                                 .setPowerMode(Derived::INIT_POWER_MODE)
+                                 .inject();
         Mock::VerifyAndClear(test->mNativeWindow);
         test->mDisplay->setLayerStack(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index 6d00ccc..24eeac7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@
     constexpr DisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = DisplayId{777};
     constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 1080;
     constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 1920;
+    constexpr hwc2_display_t DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 0;
 
     // The DisplayDevice is required to have a framebuffer (behind the
     // ANativeWindow interface) which uses the actual hardware display
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@
 
     auto injector =
             FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(mFlinger, compositionDisplay, DisplayConnectionType::Internal,
-                                      true /* isPrimary */);
+                                      DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID, true /* isPrimary */);
 
     injector.setNativeWindow(mNativeWindow);
     if (injectExtra) {
@@ -373,6 +374,23 @@
     static constexpr std::optional<DisplayConnectionType> value = PhysicalDisplay::CONNECTION_TYPE;
 };
 
+template <typename>
+struct HwcDisplayIdGetter {
+    static constexpr std::optional<hwc2_display_t> value;
+};
+
+constexpr hwc2_display_t HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1010;
+
+template <DisplayId::Type displayId>
+struct HwcDisplayIdGetter<VirtualDisplayId<displayId>> {
+    static constexpr std::optional<hwc2_display_t> value = HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
+};
+
+template <typename PhysicalDisplay>
+struct HwcDisplayIdGetter<PhysicalDisplayId<PhysicalDisplay>> {
+    static constexpr std::optional<hwc2_display_t> value = PhysicalDisplay::HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
+};
+
 // DisplayIdType can be:
 //     1) PhysicalDisplayId<...> for generated ID of physical display backed by HWC.
 //     2) VirtualDisplayId<...> for hard-coded ID of virtual display backed by HWC.
@@ -382,6 +400,7 @@
 struct DisplayVariant {
     using DISPLAY_ID = DisplayIdGetter<DisplayIdType>;
     using CONNECTION_TYPE = DisplayConnectionTypeGetter<DisplayIdType>;
+    using HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT = HwcDisplayIdGetter<DisplayIdType>;
 
     // The display width and height
     static constexpr int WIDTH = width;
@@ -418,9 +437,9 @@
                 compositionengine::impl::createDisplay(test->mFlinger.getCompositionEngine(),
                                                        ceDisplayArgs.build());
 
-        auto injector =
-                FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(test->mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
-                                          CONNECTION_TYPE::value, static_cast<bool>(PRIMARY));
+        auto injector = FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(test->mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
+                                                  CONNECTION_TYPE::value, HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT::value,
+                                                  static_cast<bool>(PRIMARY));
 
         injector.setSecure(static_cast<bool>(SECURE));
         injector.setNativeWindow(test->mNativeWindow);
@@ -603,12 +622,11 @@
 constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY =
         GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB;
 
-template <hwc2_display_t hwcDisplayId, typename PhysicalDisplay, int width, int height,
-          Critical critical>
+template <typename PhysicalDisplay, int width, int height, Critical critical>
 struct PhysicalDisplayVariant
       : DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayId<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height, critical, Async::FALSE,
                        Secure::TRUE, PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY, GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY>,
-        HwcDisplayVariant<hwcDisplayId, HWC2::DisplayType::Physical,
+        HwcDisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplay::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC2::DisplayType::Physical,
                           DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayId<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height,
                                          critical, Async::FALSE, Secure::TRUE,
                                          PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY, GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY>,
@@ -619,6 +637,7 @@
     static constexpr auto CONNECTION_TYPE = DisplayConnectionType::Internal;
     static constexpr Primary PRIMARY = Primary::TRUE;
     static constexpr uint8_t PORT = 255;
+    static constexpr hwc2_display_t HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1001;
     static constexpr bool HAS_IDENTIFICATION_DATA = hasIdentificationData;
     static constexpr auto GET_IDENTIFICATION_DATA = getInternalEdid;
 };
@@ -628,6 +647,7 @@
     static constexpr auto CONNECTION_TYPE = DisplayConnectionType::External;
     static constexpr Primary PRIMARY = Primary::FALSE;
     static constexpr uint8_t PORT = 254;
+    static constexpr hwc2_display_t HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1002;
     static constexpr bool HAS_IDENTIFICATION_DATA = hasIdentificationData;
     static constexpr auto GET_IDENTIFICATION_DATA = getExternalEdid;
 };
@@ -635,19 +655,19 @@
 struct TertiaryDisplay {
     static constexpr Primary PRIMARY = Primary::FALSE;
     static constexpr uint8_t PORT = 253;
+    static constexpr hwc2_display_t HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1003;
     static constexpr auto GET_IDENTIFICATION_DATA = getExternalEdid;
 };
 
 // A primary display is a physical display that is critical
 using PrimaryDisplayVariant =
-        PhysicalDisplayVariant<1001, PrimaryDisplay<false>, 3840, 2160, Critical::TRUE>;
+        PhysicalDisplayVariant<PrimaryDisplay<false>, 3840, 2160, Critical::TRUE>;
 
 // An external display is physical display that is not critical.
 using ExternalDisplayVariant =
-        PhysicalDisplayVariant<1002, ExternalDisplay<false>, 1920, 1280, Critical::FALSE>;
+        PhysicalDisplayVariant<ExternalDisplay<false>, 1920, 1280, Critical::FALSE>;
 
-using TertiaryDisplayVariant =
-        PhysicalDisplayVariant<1003, TertiaryDisplay, 1600, 1200, Critical::FALSE>;
+using TertiaryDisplayVariant = PhysicalDisplayVariant<TertiaryDisplay, 1600, 1200, Critical::FALSE>;
 
 // A virtual display not supported by the HWC.
 constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY = 0;
@@ -696,7 +716,7 @@
       : DisplayVariant<VirtualDisplayId<42>, width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure,
                        Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>,
         HwcDisplayVariant<
-                1010, HWC2::DisplayType::Virtual,
+                HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID, HWC2::DisplayType::Virtual,
                 DisplayVariant<VirtualDisplayId<42>, width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE,
                                secure, Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>> {
     using Base = DisplayVariant<VirtualDisplayId<42>, width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE,
@@ -1767,7 +1787,9 @@
     if (const auto connectionType = Case::Display::CONNECTION_TYPE::value) {
         const auto displayId = Case::Display::DISPLAY_ID::get();
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayId);
-        state.physical = {*displayId, *connectionType};
+        const auto hwcDisplayId = Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT::value;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(hwcDisplayId);
+        state.physical = {*displayId, *connectionType, *hwcDisplayId};
     }
 
     state.isSecure = static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE);
@@ -1941,7 +1963,9 @@
     if (const auto connectionType = Case::Display::CONNECTION_TYPE::value) {
         const auto displayId = Case::Display::DISPLAY_ID::get();
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayId);
-        expectedPhysical = {*displayId, *connectionType};
+        const auto hwcDisplayId = Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT::value;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(hwcDisplayId);
+        expectedPhysical = {*displayId, *connectionType, *hwcDisplayId};
     }
 
     // The display should have been set up in the current display state
@@ -2124,11 +2148,11 @@
     ignoresHotplugConnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processHotplugDisconnectPrimaryDisplay) {
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugDisconnectPrimaryDisplay) {
     processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processHotplugDisconnectExternalDisplay) {
+TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugDisconnectExternalDisplay) {
     processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 414085c..058c5cc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -549,9 +549,10 @@
         FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(TestableSurfaceFlinger& flinger,
                                   std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display> compositionDisplay,
                                   std::optional<DisplayConnectionType> connectionType,
-                                  bool isPrimary)
+                                  std::optional<hwc2_display_t> hwcDisplayId, bool isPrimary)
               : mFlinger(flinger),
-                mCreationArgs(flinger.mFlinger.get(), mDisplayToken, compositionDisplay) {
+                mCreationArgs(flinger.mFlinger.get(), mDisplayToken, compositionDisplay),
+                mHwcDisplayId(hwcDisplayId) {
             mCreationArgs.connectionType = connectionType;
             mCreationArgs.isPrimary = isPrimary;
         }
@@ -619,7 +620,8 @@
             DisplayDeviceState state;
             if (const auto type = mCreationArgs.connectionType) {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
-                state.physical = {*displayId, *type};
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mHwcDisplayId);
+                state.physical = {*displayId, *type, *mHwcDisplayId};
             }
 
             state.isSecure = mCreationArgs.isSecure;
@@ -640,6 +642,7 @@
         TestableSurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
         sp<BBinder> mDisplayToken = new BBinder();
         DisplayDeviceCreationArgs mCreationArgs;
+        const std::optional<hwc2_display_t> mHwcDisplayId;
     };
 
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;