diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/HdrMetadata.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/HdrMetadata.h
index 1e9c3e7..0bdffac 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/HdrMetadata.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/HdrMetadata.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
     status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size);
 
     bool operator==(const HdrMetadata& rhs) const;
+    bool operator!=(const HdrMetadata& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/StretchEffect.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/StretchEffect.h
index cf08acb..123b275 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/StretchEffect.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/StretchEffect.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
         mappedChildBounds == other.mappedChildBounds;
   }
 
+  bool operator!=(const StretchEffect& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
   static bool isZero(float value) {
     constexpr float NON_ZERO_EPSILON = 0.001f;
     return fabsf(value) <= NON_ZERO_EPSILON;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index 40fc342..fccd8f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -918,4 +918,183 @@
     return mDrawingState.transform.transform(bufferBounds);
 }
 
+bool BufferStateLayer::simpleBufferUpdate(const layer_state_t& s) const {
+    const uint64_t requiredFlags = layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
+
+    const uint64_t deniedFlags = layer_state_t::eProducerDisconnect | layer_state_t::eLayerChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged | layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged | layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged | layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eReparent;
+
+    const uint64_t allowedFlags = layer_state_t::eHasListenerCallbacksChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority | layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged | layer_state_t::eApiChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eMetadataChanged | layer_state_t::eDropInputModeChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged;
+
+    if ((s.what & requiredFlags) != requiredFlags) {
+        ALOGV("%s: false [missing required flags 0x%" PRIx64 "]", __func__,
+              (s.what | requiredFlags) & ~s.what);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & deniedFlags) {
+        ALOGV("%s: false [has denied flags 0x%" PRIx64 "]", __func__, s.what & deniedFlags);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & allowedFlags) {
+        ALOGV("%s: [has allowed flags 0x%" PRIx64 "]", __func__, s.what & allowedFlags);
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
+        if (mRequestedTransform.tx() != s.x || mRequestedTransform.ty() != s.y) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [ePositionChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.color.a != s.alpha) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eAlphaChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.colorTransform != s.colorTransform) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eColorTransformChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.bgColorLayer || s.bgColorAlpha != 0) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eBackgroundColorChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
+        if (mRequestedTransform.dsdx() != s.matrix.dsdx ||
+            mRequestedTransform.dtdy() != s.matrix.dtdy ||
+            mRequestedTransform.dtdx() != s.matrix.dtdx ||
+            mRequestedTransform.dsdy() != s.matrix.dsdy) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eMatrixChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.cornerRadius != s.cornerRadius) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eCornerRadiusChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.backgroundBlurRadius != static_cast<int>(s.backgroundBlurRadius)) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eTransformChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.bufferTransform != s.transform) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eTransformChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.transformToDisplayInverse != s.transformToDisplayInverse) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.crop != s.crop) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eCropChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eDataspaceChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.dataspace != s.dataspace) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eDataspaceChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eHdrMetadataChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.hdrMetadata != s.hdrMetadata) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eHdrMetadataChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.sidebandStream != s.sidebandStream) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eSidebandStreamChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.colorSpaceAgnostic != s.colorSpaceAgnostic) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.shadowRadius != s.shadowRadius) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eShadowRadiusChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.fixedTransformHint != s.fixedTransformHint) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eFixedTransformHintChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.isTrustedOverlay != s.isTrustedOverlay) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eTrustedOverlayChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eStretchChanged) {
+        StretchEffect temp = s.stretchEffect;
+        temp.sanitize();
+        if (mDrawingState.stretchEffect != temp) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eStretchChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.bufferCrop != s.bufferCrop) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eBufferCropChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (s.what & layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged) {
+        if (mDrawingState.destinationFrame != s.destinationFrame) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false [eDestinationFrameChanged changed]", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s: true", __func__);
+    return true;
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
index 248e013..4256212 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
@@ -136,6 +136,8 @@
 
     bool bufferNeedsFiltering() const override;
 
+    bool simpleBufferUpdate(const layer_state_t& s) const override;
+
     ReleaseCallbackId mPreviousReleaseCallbackId = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID;
     uint64_t mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index ddcd641..e51af1e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -897,6 +897,8 @@
     virtual std::string getPendingBufferCounterName() { return ""; }
     virtual bool updateGeometry() { return false; }
 
+    virtual bool simpleBufferUpdate(const layer_state_t&) const { return false; }
+
 protected:
     friend class impl::SurfaceInterceptor;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index b76233c..98199f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -498,8 +498,6 @@
 
     mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = property_get_bool("sf.debug.show_refresh_rate_overlay_spinner", 0);
 
-    enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
-
     if (!mIsUserBuild && base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_transaction_tracing"s, true)) {
         mTransactionTracing.emplace();
     }
@@ -508,11 +506,13 @@
 LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
     if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.latch_unsignaled"s, false)) {
         return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    } else if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.auto_latch_unsignaled"s, false)) {
-        return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    } else {
-        return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
     }
+
+    if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.auto_latch_unsignaled"s, false)) {
+        return LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer;
+    }
+
+    return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
 }
 
 SurfaceFlinger::~SurfaceFlinger() = default;
@@ -853,6 +853,8 @@
     mCompositionEngine->getHwComposer().setCallback(*this);
     ClientCache::getInstance().setRenderEngine(&getRenderEngine());
 
+    enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
+
     if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_hwc_vds"s, false)) {
         enableHalVirtualDisplays(true);
     }
@@ -3640,6 +3642,19 @@
     return old;
 }
 
+bool SurfaceFlinger::stopTransactionProcessing(
+        const std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>>&
+                applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions) const {
+    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer) {
+        // if we are in LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer
+        // then we should have only one applyToken for processing.
+        // so we can stop further transactions on this applyToken.
+        return !applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions.empty();
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues(int64_t vsyncId) {
     // to prevent onHandleDestroyed from being called while the lock is held,
     // we must keep a copy of the transactions (specifically the composer
@@ -3647,44 +3662,42 @@
     std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
     // Layer handles that have transactions with buffers that are ready to be applied.
     std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>> bufferLayersReadyToPresent;
+    std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>> applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
         {
             Mutex::Autolock _l(mQueueLock);
-            // allowLatchUnsignaled acts as a filter condition when latch unsignaled is either auto
-            // or always. auto: in this case we let buffer latch unsignaled if we have only one
-            // applyToken and if only first transaction is latch unsignaled. If more than one
-            // applyToken we don't latch unsignaled.
-            bool allowLatchUnsignaled = allowedLatchUnsignaled();
-            bool isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied = false;
             // Collect transactions from pending transaction queue.
             auto it = mPendingTransactionQueues.begin();
             while (it != mPendingTransactionQueues.end()) {
                 auto& [applyToken, transactionQueue] = *it;
                 while (!transactionQueue.empty()) {
+                    if (stopTransactionProcessing(applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     auto& transaction = transactionQueue.front();
-                    if (!transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(transaction.frameTimelineInfo,
-                                                       transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                                       transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                                       transaction.originUid, transaction.states,
-                                                       bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
-                                                       allowLatchUnsignaled)) {
+                    const auto ready =
+                            transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(transaction.frameTimelineInfo,
+                                                          transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                                          transaction.desiredPresentTime,
+                                                          transaction.originUid, transaction.states,
+                                                          bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
+                                                          transactions.size());
+                    if (ready == TransactionReadiness::NotReady) {
                         setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
                         break;
                     }
                     transaction.traverseStatesWithBuffers([&](const layer_state_t& state) {
                         bufferLayersReadyToPresent.insert(state.surface);
                     });
+                    const bool appliedUnsignaled = (ready == TransactionReadiness::ReadyUnsignaled);
+                    if (appliedUnsignaled) {
+                        applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions.insert(transaction.applyToken);
+                    }
+
                     transactions.emplace_back(std::move(transaction));
                     transactionQueue.pop();
-                    if (allowLatchUnsignaled &&
-                        enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto) {
-                        // if allowLatchUnsignaled && we are in LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto
-                        // then we should have only one applyToken for processing.
-                        // so we can stop further transactions on this applyToken.
-                        isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
                 }
 
                 if (transactionQueue.empty()) {
@@ -3702,25 +3715,34 @@
             // Case 3: others are the transactions that are ready to apply.
             while (!mTransactionQueue.empty()) {
                 auto& transaction = mTransactionQueue.front();
-                bool pendingTransactions = mPendingTransactionQueues.find(transaction.applyToken) !=
+                const bool pendingTransactions =
+                        mPendingTransactionQueues.find(transaction.applyToken) !=
                         mPendingTransactionQueues.end();
-                if (isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied || pendingTransactions ||
-                    !transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(transaction.frameTimelineInfo,
-                                                   transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                                   transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                                   transaction.originUid, transaction.states,
-                                                   bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
-                                                   allowLatchUnsignaled)) {
+                const auto ready = [&]() REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
+                    if (pendingTransactions ||
+                        stopTransactionProcessing(applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions)) {
+                        return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
+                    }
+
+                    return transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(transaction.frameTimelineInfo,
+                                                         transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                                         transaction.desiredPresentTime,
+                                                         transaction.originUid, transaction.states,
+                                                         bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
+                                                         transactions.size());
+                }();
+
+                if (ready == TransactionReadiness::NotReady) {
                     mPendingTransactionQueues[transaction.applyToken].push(std::move(transaction));
                 } else {
                     transaction.traverseStatesWithBuffers([&](const layer_state_t& state) {
                         bufferLayersReadyToPresent.insert(state.surface);
                     });
-                    transactions.emplace_back(std::move(transaction));
-                    if (allowLatchUnsignaled &&
-                        enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto) {
-                        isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied = true;
+                    const bool appliedUnsignaled = (ready == TransactionReadiness::ReadyUnsignaled);
+                    if (appliedUnsignaled) {
+                        applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions.insert(transaction.applyToken);
                     }
+                    transactions.emplace_back(std::move(transaction));
                 }
                 mTransactionQueue.pop_front();
                 ATRACE_INT("TransactionQueue", mTransactionQueue.size());
@@ -3757,62 +3779,6 @@
     return needsTraversal;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::allowedLatchUnsignaled() {
-    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    // Always mode matches the current latch unsignaled behavior.
-    // This behavior is currently used by the partners and we would like
-    // to keep it until we are completely migrated to Auto mode successfully
-    // and we we have our fallback based implementation in place.
-    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    //  if enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto
-    //  we don't latch unsignaled if more than one applyToken, as it can backpressure
-    //  the other transactions.
-    if (mPendingTransactionQueues.size() > 1) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    std::optional<sp<IBinder>> applyToken = std::nullopt;
-    bool isPendingTransactionQueuesItem = false;
-    if (!mPendingTransactionQueues.empty()) {
-        applyToken = mPendingTransactionQueues.begin()->first;
-        isPendingTransactionQueuesItem = true;
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& item : mTransactionQueue) {
-        if (!applyToken.has_value()) {
-            applyToken = item.applyToken;
-        } else if (applyToken.has_value() && applyToken != item.applyToken) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (isPendingTransactionQueuesItem) {
-        return checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled(
-                mPendingTransactionQueues.begin()->second.front());
-    } else if (applyToken.has_value()) {
-        return checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled((mTransactionQueue.front()));
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceFlinger::checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled(const TransactionState& transaction) {
-    if (transaction.states.size() == 1) {
-        const auto& state = transaction.states.begin()->state;
-        if ((state.flags & ~layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) == 0 &&
-            state.bufferData->flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged) &&
-            state.bufferData->acquireFence &&
-            state.bufferData->acquireFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
-            ATRACE_NAME("transactionCanLatchUnsignaled");
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 bool SurfaceFlinger::transactionFlushNeeded() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mQueueLock);
     return !mPendingTransactionQueues.empty() || !mTransactionQueue.empty();
@@ -3839,12 +3805,46 @@
     return prediction->presentTime >= expectedPresentTime &&
             prediction->presentTime - expectedPresentTime >= earlyLatchVsyncThreshold;
 }
+bool SurfaceFlinger::shouldLatchUnsignaled(const sp<Layer>& layer, const layer_state_t& state,
+                                           size_t numStates, size_t totalTXapplied) {
+    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled) {
+        ALOGV("%s: false (LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled)", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(
+    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always) {
+        ALOGV("%s: true (LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always)", __func__);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // We only want to latch unsignaled when a single layer is updated in this
+    // transaction (i.e. not a blast sync transaction).
+    if (numStates != 1) {
+        ALOGV("%s: false (numStates=%zu)", __func__, numStates);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer &&
+        totalTXapplied > 0) {
+        ALOGV("%s: false (LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer; totalTXapplied=%zu)", __func__,
+              totalTXapplied);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!layer->simpleBufferUpdate(state)) {
+        ALOGV("%s: false (!simpleBufferUpdate)", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s: true", __func__);
+    return true;
+}
+
+auto SurfaceFlinger::transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(
         const FrameTimelineInfo& info, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
         uid_t originUid, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
         const std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>>& bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
-        bool allowLatchUnsignaled) const {
+        size_t totalTXapplied) const -> TransactionReadiness {
     ATRACE_FORMAT("transactionIsReadyToBeApplied vsyncId: %" PRId64, info.vsyncId);
     const nsecs_t expectedPresentTime = mExpectedPresentTime.load();
     // Do not present if the desiredPresentTime has not passed unless it is more than one second
@@ -3852,31 +3852,24 @@
     if (!isAutoTimestamp && desiredPresentTime >= expectedPresentTime &&
         desiredPresentTime < expectedPresentTime + s2ns(1)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("not current");
-        return false;
+        return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
 
     if (!mScheduler->isVsyncValid(expectedPresentTime, originUid)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("!isVsyncValid");
-        return false;
+        return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
 
     // If the client didn't specify desiredPresentTime, use the vsyncId to determine the expected
     // present time of this transaction.
     if (isAutoTimestamp && frameIsEarly(expectedPresentTime, info.vsyncId)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("frameIsEarly");
-        return false;
+        return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
 
+    bool fenceUnsignaled = false;
     for (const ComposerState& state : states) {
         const layer_state_t& s = state.state;
-        const bool acquireFenceChanged = s.bufferData &&
-                s.bufferData->flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged);
-        if (acquireFenceChanged && s.bufferData->acquireFence && !allowLatchUnsignaled &&
-            s.bufferData->acquireFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
-            ATRACE_NAME("fence unsignaled");
-            return false;
-        }
-
         sp<Layer> layer = nullptr;
         if (s.surface) {
             layer = fromHandle(s.surface).promote();
@@ -3890,6 +3883,22 @@
 
         ATRACE_NAME(layer->getName().c_str());
 
+        const bool allowLatchUnsignaled =
+                shouldLatchUnsignaled(layer, s, states.size(), totalTXapplied);
+        ATRACE_INT("allowLatchUnsignaled", allowLatchUnsignaled);
+
+        const bool acquireFenceChanged = s.bufferData &&
+                s.bufferData->flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged) &&
+                s.bufferData->acquireFence;
+        fenceUnsignaled = fenceUnsignaled ||
+                (acquireFenceChanged &&
+                 s.bufferData->acquireFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled);
+
+        if (fenceUnsignaled && !allowLatchUnsignaled) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("fence unsignaled");
+            return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
+        }
+
         if (s.hasBufferChanges()) {
             // If backpressure is enabled and we already have a buffer to commit, keep the
             // transaction in the queue.
@@ -3897,11 +3906,11 @@
                     bufferLayersReadyToPresent.find(s.surface) != bufferLayersReadyToPresent.end();
             if (layer->backpressureEnabled() && hasPendingBuffer && isAutoTimestamp) {
                 ATRACE_NAME("hasPendingBuffer");
-                return false;
+                return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
             }
         }
     }
-    return true;
+    return fenceUnsignaled ? TransactionReadiness::ReadyUnsignaled : TransactionReadiness::Ready;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::queueTransaction(TransactionState& state) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index b95cd91..aecd43a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -137,7 +137,20 @@
     eTransactionMask = 0x1f,
 };
 
-enum class LatchUnsignaledConfig { Always, Auto, Disabled };
+// Latch Unsignaled buffer behaviours
+enum class LatchUnsignaledConfig {
+    // All buffers are latched signaled.
+    Disabled,
+
+    // Latch unsignaled is permitted when a single layer is updated in a frame,
+    // and the update includes just a buffer update (i.e. no sync transactions
+    // or geometry changes).
+    AutoSingleLayer,
+
+    // All buffers are latched unsignaled. This behaviour is discouraged as it
+    // can break sync transactions, stall the display and cause undesired side effects.
+    Always,
+};
 
 using DisplayColorSetting = compositionengine::OutputColorSetting;
 
@@ -749,16 +762,21 @@
     uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask, TransactionSchedule,
                                  const sp<IBinder>& applyToken = {});
     void commitOffscreenLayers();
-    bool transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(
+    enum class TransactionReadiness {
+        NotReady,
+        Ready,
+        ReadyUnsignaled,
+    };
+    TransactionReadiness transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(
             const FrameTimelineInfo& info, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
             uid_t originUid, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
             const std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>>& bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
-            bool allowLatchUnsignaled) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+            size_t totalTXapplied) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     static LatchUnsignaledConfig getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
-    bool latchUnsignaledIsAllowed(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-    bool allowedLatchUnsignaled() REQUIRES(mQueueLock, mStateLock);
-    bool checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled(const TransactionState& transaction)
-            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    static bool shouldLatchUnsignaled(const sp<Layer>& layer, const layer_state_t&,
+                                      size_t numStates, size_t totalTXapplied);
+    bool stopTransactionProcessing(const std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>>&
+                                           applyTokensWithUnsignaledTransactions) const;
     bool applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions, int64_t vsyncId)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     uint32_t setDisplayStateLocked(const DisplayState& s) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzer.cpp
index 4f89cd9..30a6fbd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 static constexpr LatchUnsignaledConfig kLatchUnsignaledConfig[] = {
         LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always,
-        LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto,
+        LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer,
         LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled,
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index ed23176..4683c51 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -72,13 +72,6 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, currentPeriod())
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD));
 
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceUnsignaled, getStatus())
-                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Unsignaled));
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceUnsignaled2, getStatus())
-                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Unsignaled));
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceSignaled, getStatus()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Signaled));
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceSignaled2, getStatus()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Signaled));
-
         mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
         mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<mock::VsyncController>(mVsyncController),
                                 std::unique_ptr<mock::VSyncTracker>(mVSyncTracker),
@@ -89,10 +82,6 @@
 
     mock::VsyncController* mVsyncController = new mock::VsyncController();
     mock::VSyncTracker* mVSyncTracker = new mock::VSyncTracker();
-    sp<mock::MockFence> mFenceUnsignaled = sp<mock::MockFence>::make();
-    sp<mock::MockFence> mFenceSignaled = sp<mock::MockFence>::make();
-    sp<mock::MockFence> mFenceUnsignaled2 = sp<mock::MockFence>::make();
-    sp<mock::MockFence> mFenceSignaled2 = sp<mock::MockFence>::make();
 
     struct TransactionInfo {
         Vector<ComposerState> states;
@@ -129,15 +118,6 @@
         transaction.frameTimelineInfo = frameTimelineInfo;
     }
 
-    void setupSingleWithComposer(TransactionInfo& transaction, uint32_t flags,
-                                 bool syncInputWindows, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-                                 bool isAutoTimestamp, const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                                 const Vector<ComposerState>* states) {
-        setupSingle(transaction, flags, syncInputWindows, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                    frameTimelineInfo);
-        transaction.states = *states;
-    }
-
     void NotPlacedOnTransactionQueue(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
         EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
@@ -263,189 +243,6 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, transactionQueue.size());
     }
 
-    void Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(Vector<ComposerState> state1,
-                                             Vector<ComposerState> state2,
-                                             bool updateApplyToken = true) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-
-        TransactionInfo transactionA;
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionA, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state1);
-
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
-                                     transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
-                                     transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transactionA.id);
-
-        TransactionInfo transactionB;
-        if (updateApplyToken) {
-            transactionB.applyToken = sp<IBinder>();
-        }
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionB, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state2);
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionB.frameTimelineInfo, transactionB.states,
-                                     transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
-                                     transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transactionB.id);
-
-        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(2ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
-    }
-
-    void Flush_removesFromTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-
-        TransactionInfo transaction;
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transaction, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state);
-
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
-                                     transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
-                                     transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transaction.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transaction.id);
-
-        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(1u, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
-    }
-
-    void Flush_keepsInTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-
-        TransactionInfo transaction;
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transaction, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state);
-
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
-                                     transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
-                                     transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transaction.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transaction.id);
-
-        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
-        EXPECT_EQ(1u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
-    }
-
-    void Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state1,
-                                         const Vector<ComposerState>& state2,
-                                         bool updateApplyToken = true,
-                                         uint32_t pendingTransactionQueueSize = 1u) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        auto time = systemTime();
-        TransactionInfo transactionA;
-        TransactionInfo transactionB;
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionA, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state1);
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionB, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state2);
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
-                                     transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
-                                     transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transactionA.id);
-        if (updateApplyToken) {
-            transactionB.applyToken = sp<IBinder>();
-        }
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionB.frameTimelineInfo, transactionB.states,
-                                     transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
-                                     transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transactionB.id);
-
-        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
-        EXPECT_EQ(pendingTransactionQueueSize, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-    }
-
-    void Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state1,
-                                           const Vector<ComposerState>& state2) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-
-        auto time = systemTime();
-        TransactionInfo transactionA;
-        TransactionInfo transactionB;
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionA, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state1);
-        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionB, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
-                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
-                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
-                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state2);
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
-                                     transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
-                                     transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transactionA.id);
-        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionB.frameTimelineInfo, transactionB.states,
-                                     transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
-                                     transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
-                                     transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
-                                     transactionB.id);
-
-        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(2ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
-    }
-
-    static Vector<ComposerState> createComposerStateVector(const ComposerState& state1,
-                                                           const ComposerState& state2) {
-        Vector<ComposerState> states;
-        states.push_back(state1);
-        states.push_back(state2);
-        return states;
-    }
-
-    static Vector<ComposerState> createComposerStateVector(const ComposerState& state) {
-        Vector<ComposerState> states;
-        states.push_back(state);
-        return states;
-    }
-
-    static ComposerState createComposerState(int layerId, sp<Fence> fence,
-                                             uint32_t stateFlags = layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
-        ComposerState composer_state;
-        composer_state.state.bufferData = std::make_shared<BufferData>();
-        composer_state.state.bufferData->acquireFence = std::move(fence);
-        composer_state.state.layerId = layerId;
-        composer_state.state.bufferData->flags = BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
-        composer_state.state.flags = stateFlags;
-        return composer_state;
-    }
-
     bool mHasListenerCallbacks = false;
     std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> mCallbacks;
     int mTransactionNumber = 0;
@@ -529,215 +326,677 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, ret.promote().get());
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSingleSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+class LatchUnsignaledTest : public TransactionApplicationTest {
+public:
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // Clear all transaction queues to release all transactions we sent
+        // in the tests. Otherwise, gmock complains about memory leaks.
+        mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().clear();
+        mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().clear();
+        mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().clear();
+        mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eTransactionMask);
+        mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().layersSortedByZ.clear();
+        mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().layersSortedByZ.clear();
+    }
+
+    static sp<Fence> fence(Fence::Status status) {
+        const auto fence = sp<mock::MockFence>::make();
+        EXPECT_CALL(*fence, getStatus()).WillRepeatedly(Return(status));
+        return fence;
+    }
+
+    ComposerState createComposerState(int layerId, sp<Fence> fence, uint64_t what) {
+        ComposerState state;
+        state.state.bufferData = std::make_shared<BufferData>();
+        state.state.bufferData->acquireFence = std::move(fence);
+        state.state.layerId = layerId;
+        state.state.surface =
+                sp<BufferStateLayer>::make(
+                        LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.flinger(), nullptr, "TestLayer", 0, {}))
+                        ->getHandle();
+        state.state.bufferData->flags = BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+
+        state.state.what = what;
+        if (what & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
+            state.state.crop = Rect(1, 2, 3, 4);
+        }
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    TransactionInfo createTransactionInfo(const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
+                                          const std::vector<ComposerState>& states) {
+        TransactionInfo transaction;
+        const uint32_t kFlags = ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous;
+        const bool kSyncInputWindows = false;
+        const nsecs_t kDesiredPresentTime = systemTime();
+        const bool kIsAutoTimestamp = true;
+        const auto kFrameTimelineInfo = FrameTimelineInfo{};
+
+        setupSingle(transaction, kFlags, kSyncInputWindows, kDesiredPresentTime, kIsAutoTimestamp,
+                    kFrameTimelineInfo);
+        transaction.applyToken = applyToken;
+        for (const auto& state : states) {
+            transaction.states.push_back(state);
+        }
+
+        return transaction;
+    }
+
+    void setTransactionStates(const std::vector<TransactionInfo>& transactions,
+                              size_t expectedTransactionsApplied,
+                              size_t expectedTransactionsPending) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+
+        for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
+            mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
+                                         transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
+                                         transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
+                                         transaction.desiredPresentTime,
+                                         transaction.isAutoTimestamp, transaction.uncacheBuffer,
+                                         mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, transaction.id);
+        }
+        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedTransactionsPending, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedTransactionsApplied, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+    }
+};
+
+class LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest : public LatchUnsignaledTest {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        LatchUnsignaledTest::SetUp();
+        SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer;
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_RemovesSingleSignaledFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {createComposerState(kLayerId, fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)});
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSingleUnSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_RemovesSingleUnSignaledFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_KeepsUnSignaledInTheQueue_NonBufferCropChange_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled, layer_state_t::eCropChanged)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_KeepsUnSignaledInTheQueue_NonBufferCropChange) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eCropChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_KeepsUnSignaledInTheQueue_NonBufferChangeClubed_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled,
-                                layer_state_t::eCropChanged | layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_KeepsUnSignaledInTheQueue_NonBufferChangeClubed) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eCropChanged |
+                                                                      layer_state_t::
+                                                                              eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_KeepsInTheQueueSameApplyTokenMultiState_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
-                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueSameApplyTokenMultiState) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto mixedTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({mixedTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueue_MultipleStateTransaction_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
-                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueue_MultipleStateTransaction) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto mixedTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({mixedTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                      createComposerStateVector(
-                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled2)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 2u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto signaledTransaction2 =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction, signaledTransaction2}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemoveSignaledWithUnsignaledIntact_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                    createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_RemoveSignaledWithUnsignaledIntact) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken1 =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken2 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken1,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken2,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction, unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_KeepsTransactionInTheQueueSameApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_KeepsTransactionInTheQueueSameApplyToken) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction, signaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsTransactionInTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
-    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ true,
-                                    /*pendingTransactionQueueSize*/ 2u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAutoSingleLayerTest, Flush_KeepsTransactionInTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken1 =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken2 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken1,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction2 =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken2,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction, unsignaledTransaction2},
+                         kExpectedTransactionsApplied, kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+class LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest : public LatchUnsignaledTest {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        LatchUnsignaledTest::SetUp();
+        SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {createComposerState(kLayerId, fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)});
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueSameLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
-                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueSameLayerId) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueDifferentLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
-                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueDifferentLayerId) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnSignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                      createComposerStateVector(
-                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled2)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_MultipleLayers) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 2u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto signaledTransaction2 =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction, signaledTransaction2}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_KeepInTheQueueDifferentApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_KeepInTheQueueDifferentApplyToken) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken1 =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken2 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken1,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken2,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction, signaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepInTheQueueSameApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                    createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_KeepInTheQueueSameApplyToken) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction, unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepInTheUnsignaledTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
-    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    createComposerStateVector(
-                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledDisabledTest, Flush_KeepInTheUnsignaledTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 0u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 1u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction2 =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction, unsignaledTransaction2},
+                         kExpectedTransactionsApplied, kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+class LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest : public LatchUnsignaledTest {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        LatchUnsignaledTest::SetUp();
+        SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {createComposerState(kLayerId, fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)});
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {createComposerState(kLayerId, fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)});
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueSameLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
-                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueSameLayerId) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId = 1;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto mixedTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {createComposerState(kLayerId, fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                   createComposerState(kLayerId, fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)});
+    setTransactionStates({mixedTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueDifferentLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
-            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
-                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueDifferentLayerId) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 1u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto mixedTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {createComposerState(kLayerId1, fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                   createComposerState(kLayerId2, fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                       layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)});
+    setTransactionStates({mixedTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnSignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                      createComposerStateVector(
-                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled2)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_MultipleLayers) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 2u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto signaledTransaction2 =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction, signaledTransaction2}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueDifferentApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                        createComposerStateVector(
-                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2,
-                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueDifferentApplyToken) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken1 =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken2 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 2u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken1,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken2,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({signaledTransaction, unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
-       Flush_RemovesUnsignaledFromTheQueueSameApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1,
-                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                        createComposerStateVector(
-                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)),
-                                        /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesUnsignaledFromTheQueueSameApplyToken) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 2u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto signaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Signaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction, signaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsApplied,
+                         kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
-TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesUnsignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
-    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
-    Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
-                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1,
-                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)),
-                                        createComposerStateVector(
-                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2,
-                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)));
+TEST_F(LatchUnsignaledAlwaysTest, Flush_RemovesUnsignaledFromTheQueue) {
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken1 =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+    const sp<IBinder> kApplyToken2 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    const auto kLayerId1 = 1;
+    const auto kLayerId2 = 2;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsApplied = 2u;
+    const auto kExpectedTransactionsPending = 0u;
+
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken1,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId1,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    const auto unsignaledTransaction2 =
+            createTransactionInfo(kApplyToken2,
+                                  {
+                                          createComposerState(kLayerId2,
+                                                              fence(Fence::Status::Unsignaled),
+                                                              layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
+                                  });
+    setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction, unsignaledTransaction2},
+                         kExpectedTransactionsApplied, kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
 } // namespace android