Merge "DO NOT MERGE Revert "Add FEATURE_TELEPHONY_SATELLITE feature definition"" into udc-dev
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/OWNERS b/cmds/dumpstate/OWNERS
index 5f56531..ab81ecf 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/OWNERS
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/OWNERS
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 gavincorkery@google.com
 nandana@google.com
 jsharkey@android.com
+smoreland@google.com
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index 34ea759..794750f 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -442,6 +442,16 @@
 static unique_fd open_reference_profile(uid_t uid, const std::string& package_name,
         const std::string& location, bool read_write, bool is_secondary_dex) {
     std::string profile = create_reference_profile_path(package_name, location, is_secondary_dex);
+    if (read_write && GetBoolProperty("dalvik.vm.useartservice", false)) {
+        // ART Service doesn't use flock and instead assumes profile files are
+        // immutable, so ensure we don't open a file for writing when it's
+        // active.
+        // TODO(b/251921228): Normally installd isn't called at all in that
+        // case, but OTA is still an exception that uses the legacy code.
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Opening ref profile " << profile
+                   << " for writing is unsafe when ART Service is enabled.";
+        return invalid_unique_fd();
+    }
     return open_profile(
         uid,
         profile,
@@ -450,14 +460,13 @@
 }
 
 static UniqueFile open_reference_profile_as_unique_file(uid_t uid, const std::string& package_name,
-        const std::string& location, bool read_write, bool is_secondary_dex) {
+                                                        const std::string& location,
+                                                        bool is_secondary_dex) {
     std::string profile_path = create_reference_profile_path(package_name, location,
                                                              is_secondary_dex);
-    unique_fd ufd = open_profile(
-        uid,
-        profile_path,
-        read_write ? (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) : O_RDONLY,
-        S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP);  // so that ART can also read it when apps run.
+    unique_fd ufd = open_profile(uid, profile_path, O_RDONLY,
+                                 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR |
+                                         S_IRGRP); // so that ART can also read it when apps run.
 
     return UniqueFile(ufd.release(), profile_path, [](const std::string& path) {
         clear_profile(path);
@@ -1104,8 +1113,7 @@
             location = profile_name;
         }
     }
-    return open_reference_profile_as_unique_file(uid, pkgname, location, /*read_write*/false,
-                                                 is_secondary_dex);
+    return open_reference_profile_as_unique_file(uid, pkgname, location, is_secondary_dex);
 }
 
 // Opens the vdex files and assigns the input fd to in_vdex_wrapper and the output fd to
@@ -1909,10 +1917,11 @@
     // Open the reference profile if needed.
     UniqueFile reference_profile = maybe_open_reference_profile(
             pkgname, dex_path, profile_name, profile_guided, is_public, uid, is_secondary_dex);
-
-    if (reference_profile.fd() == -1) {
-        // We don't create an app image without reference profile since there is no speedup from
-        // loading it in that case and instead will be a small overhead.
+    struct stat sbuf;
+    if (reference_profile.fd() == -1 ||
+        (fstat(reference_profile.fd(), &sbuf) != -1 && sbuf.st_size == 0)) {
+        // We don't create an app image with empty or non existing reference profile since there
+        // is no speedup from loading it in that case and instead will be a small overhead.
         generate_app_image = false;
     }
 
diff --git a/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
index 6a3120c..bf2c0d1 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/otapreopt.cpp
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
         // This is different from the normal installd. We only do the base
         // directory, the rest will be created on demand when each app is compiled.
         if (access(GetOtaDirectoryPrefix().c_str(), R_OK) < 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not access " << GetOtaDirectoryPrefix();
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not access " << GetOtaDirectoryPrefix();
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
         // this tool will wipe the OTA artifact cache and try again (for robustness after
         // a failed OTA with remaining cache artifacts).
         if (access(apk_path, F_OK) != 0) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "Skipping A/B OTA preopt of non-existing package " << apk_path;
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Skipping A/B OTA preopt of non-existing package " << apk_path;
             return true;
         }
 
diff --git a/cmds/installd/otapreopt_chroot.cpp b/cmds/installd/otapreopt_chroot.cpp
index c62734a..1b7acab 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/otapreopt_chroot.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/otapreopt_chroot.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace installd {
 
+// We don't know the filesystem types of the partitions in the update package,
+// so just try the possibilities one by one.
+static constexpr std::array kTryMountFsTypes = {"ext4", "erofs"};
+
 static void CloseDescriptor(int fd) {
     if (fd >= 0) {
         int result = close(fd);
@@ -82,6 +86,27 @@
     }
 }
 
+static bool TryMountWithFstypes(const char* block_device, const char* target) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kTryMountFsTypes.size(); ++i) {
+        const char* fstype = kTryMountFsTypes[i];
+        int mount_result = mount(block_device, target, fstype, MS_RDONLY, /* data */ nullptr);
+        if (mount_result == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (errno == EINVAL && i < kTryMountFsTypes.size() - 1) {
+            // Only try the next fstype if mounting failed due to the current one
+            // being invalid.
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to mount " << block_device << " on " << target << " with "
+                         << fstype << " - trying " << kTryMountFsTypes[i + 1];
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount " << block_device << " on " << target << " with "
+                        << fstype;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
 static void TryExtraMount(const char* name, const char* slot, const char* target) {
     std::string partition_name = StringPrintf("%s%s", name, slot);
 
@@ -91,12 +116,7 @@
         if (dm.GetState(partition_name) != dm::DmDeviceState::INVALID) {
             std::string path;
             if (dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(partition_name, &path)) {
-                int mount_result = mount(path.c_str(),
-                                         target,
-                                         "ext4",
-                                         MS_RDONLY,
-                                         /* data */ nullptr);
-                if (mount_result == 0) {
+                if (TryMountWithFstypes(path.c_str(), target)) {
                     return;
                 }
             }
@@ -105,12 +125,7 @@
 
     // Fall back and attempt a direct mount.
     std::string block_device = StringPrintf("/dev/block/by-name/%s", partition_name.c_str());
-    int mount_result = mount(block_device.c_str(),
-                             target,
-                             "ext4",
-                             MS_RDONLY,
-                             /* data */ nullptr);
-    UNUSED(mount_result);
+    (void)TryMountWithFstypes(block_device.c_str(), target);
 }
 
 // Entry for otapreopt_chroot. Expected parameters are:
diff --git a/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh b/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh
index f950276..db5c34e 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh
+++ b/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@
 
 i=0
 while ((i<MAXIMUM_PACKAGES)) ; do
+  DONE=$(cmd otadexopt done)
+  if [ "$DONE" = "OTA complete." ] ; then
+    break
+  fi
+
   DEXOPT_PARAMS=$(cmd otadexopt next)
 
   /system/bin/otapreopt_chroot $STATUS_FD $TARGET_SLOT_SUFFIX $DEXOPT_PARAMS >&- 2>&-
@@ -67,13 +72,8 @@
   PROGRESS=$(cmd otadexopt progress)
   print -u${STATUS_FD} "global_progress $PROGRESS"
 
-  DONE=$(cmd otadexopt done)
-  if [ "$DONE" = "OTA incomplete." ] ; then
-    sleep 1
-    i=$((i+1))
-    continue
-  fi
-  break
+  sleep 1
+  i=$((i+1))
 done
 
 DONE=$(cmd otadexopt done)
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
index 3b589dc..5c4e1a4 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
     std::optional<std::string> volume_uuid_;
     std::string package_name_;
     std::string apk_path_;
-    std::string empty_dm_file_;
+    std::string dm_file_;
     std::string app_apk_dir_;
     std::string app_private_dir_ce_;
     std::string app_private_dir_de_;
@@ -248,26 +248,6 @@
                                                  << " : " << error_msg;
         }
 
-        // Create an empty dm file.
-        empty_dm_file_ = apk_path_ + ".dm";
-        {
-            int fd = open(empty_dm_file_.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
-            if (fd < 0) {
-                return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Could not open " << empty_dm_file_;
-            }
-            FILE* file = fdopen(fd, "wb");
-            if (file == nullptr) {
-                return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Null file for " << empty_dm_file_
-                         << " fd=" << fd;
-            }
-            ZipWriter writer(file);
-            // Add vdex to zip.
-            writer.StartEntry("primary.prof", ZipWriter::kCompress);
-            writer.FinishEntry();
-            writer.Finish();
-            fclose(file);
-          }
-
         // Create the app user data.
         binder::Status status = service_->createAppData(
                 volume_uuid_,
@@ -316,6 +296,46 @@
                                                  << secondary_dex_de_ << " : " << error_msg;
         }
 
+        // Create a non-empty dm file.
+        dm_file_ = apk_path_ + ".dm";
+        {
+            android::base::unique_fd fd(open(dm_file_.c_str(),
+                                          O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR));
+            if (fd.get() < 0) {
+                return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Could not open " << dm_file_;
+            }
+            FILE* file = fdopen(fd.release(), "wb");
+            if (file == nullptr) {
+                return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Null file for " << dm_file_
+                                  << " fd=" << fd.get();
+            }
+
+            // Create a profile file.
+            std::string profile_file = app_private_dir_ce_ + "/primary.prof";
+            run_cmd("profman --generate-test-profile=" + profile_file);
+
+            // Add profile to zip.
+            ZipWriter writer(file);
+            writer.StartEntry("primary.prof", ZipWriter::kCompress);
+            android::base::unique_fd profile_fd(open(profile_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+            if (profile_fd.get() < 0) {
+                return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Failed to open profile '"
+                                  << profile_file << "'";
+            }
+            std::string profile_content;
+            if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(profile_fd, &profile_content)) {
+                return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "Failed to read profile "
+                                  << profile_file << "'";
+            }
+            writer.WriteBytes(profile_content.c_str(), profile_content.length());
+            writer.FinishEntry();
+            writer.Finish();
+            fclose(file);
+
+            // Delete the temp file.
+            unlink(profile_file.c_str());
+        }
+
         // Fix app data uid.
         status = service_->fixupAppData(volume_uuid_, kTestUserId);
         if (!status.isOk()) {
@@ -608,7 +628,7 @@
                 kTestAppGid,
                 DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                 /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                dm_file_.c_str());
 
 
         int64_t odex_size = GetSize(GetPrimaryDexArtifact(oat_dir, apk_path_,
@@ -657,13 +677,13 @@
                             DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE | DEXOPT_PROFILE_GUIDED | DEXOPT_PUBLIC |
                                     DEXOPT_GENERATE_APP_IMAGE,
                             oat_dir, kTestAppGid, DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
-                            /*binder_result=*/nullptr, empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                            /*binder_result=*/nullptr, dm_file_.c_str());
         checkVisibility(in_dalvik_cache, ODEX_IS_PUBLIC);
 
         CompilePrimaryDexOk("speed-profile",
                             DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE | DEXOPT_PROFILE_GUIDED | DEXOPT_GENERATE_APP_IMAGE,
                             oat_dir, kTestAppGid, DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
-                            /*binder_result=*/nullptr, empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                            /*binder_result=*/nullptr, dm_file_.c_str());
         checkVisibility(in_dalvik_cache, ODEX_IS_PRIVATE);
     }
 };
@@ -787,7 +807,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptPrimaryProfilePublic) {
@@ -799,7 +819,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptPrimaryBackgroundOk) {
@@ -811,7 +831,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptBlockPrimary) {
@@ -874,7 +894,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
     run_cmd_and_process_output(
             "oatdump --header-only --oat-file=" + odex,
             [&](const std::string& line) {
@@ -893,7 +913,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
     run_cmd_and_process_output(
             "oatdump --header-only --oat-file=" + odex,
             [&](const std::string& line) {
@@ -926,7 +946,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
     // Enable the property and use dex2oat64.
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::SetProperty(property, "true")) << property;
     CompilePrimaryDexOk("speed-profile",
@@ -936,7 +956,7 @@
                         kTestAppGid,
                         DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH,
                         /*binder_result=*/nullptr,
-                        empty_dm_file_.c_str());
+                        dm_file_.c_str());
 }
 
 class PrimaryDexReCompilationTest : public DexoptTest {
@@ -1143,7 +1163,7 @@
                 service_->prepareAppProfile(package_name, has_user_id ? kTestUserId : USER_NULL,
                                             kTestAppId, profile_name, apk_path_,
                                             has_dex_metadata ? std::make_optional<std::string>(
-                                                                       empty_dm_file_)
+                                                                       dm_file_)
                                                              : std::nullopt,
                                             &result));
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_result, result);
diff --git a/cmds/service/service.cpp b/cmds/service/service.cpp
index d5ca725..5e8ef5d 100644
--- a/cmds/service/service.cpp
+++ b/cmds/service/service.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     ProcessState::initWithDriver("/dev/vndbinder");
 #endif
 #ifndef __ANDROID__
-    setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager({.maxOutgoingThreads = 1}));
+    setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager({.maxOutgoingConnections = 1}));
 #endif
     sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
     fflush(stdout);
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
index 07809e2..4da0cd6 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
@@ -228,8 +228,13 @@
 #endif  // !VENDORSERVICEMANAGER
 
 ServiceManager::Service::~Service() {
-    if (!hasClients) {
-        // only expected to happen on process death
+    if (hasClients) {
+        // only expected to happen on process death, we don't store the service
+        // name this late (it's in the map that holds this service), but if it
+        // is happening, we might want to change 'unlinkToDeath' to explicitly
+        // clear this bit so that we can abort in other cases, where it would
+        // mean inconsistent logic in servicemanager (unexpected and tested, but
+        // the original lazy service impl here had that bug).
         LOG(WARNING) << "a service was removed when there are clients";
     }
 }
diff --git a/include/android/OWNERS b/include/android/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38f9c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/android/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+per-file input.h, keycodes.h = file:platform/frameworks/base:/INPUT_OWNERS
diff --git a/include/ftl/details/optional.h b/include/ftl/details/optional.h
index bff7c1e..e45c1f5 100644
--- a/include/ftl/details/optional.h
+++ b/include/ftl/details/optional.h
@@ -54,5 +54,15 @@
 template <typename F, typename T>
 using and_then_result_t = typename and_then_result<F, T>::type;
 
+template <typename F, typename T>
+struct or_else_result {
+  using type = remove_cvref_t<std::invoke_result_t<F>>;
+  static_assert(std::is_same_v<type, std::optional<T>> || std::is_same_v<type, Optional<T>>,
+                "or_else function must return an optional T");
+};
+
+template <typename F, typename T>
+using or_else_result_t = typename or_else_result<F, T>::type;
+
 }  // namespace details
 }  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/ftl/optional.h b/include/ftl/optional.h
index a818128..94d8e3d 100644
--- a/include/ftl/optional.h
+++ b/include/ftl/optional.h
@@ -96,13 +96,25 @@
     return R();
   }
 
+  // Returns this Optional<T> if not nullopt, or else the Optional<T> returned by the function F.
+  template <typename F>
+  constexpr auto or_else(F&& f) const& -> details::or_else_result_t<F, T> {
+    if (has_value()) return *this;
+    return std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+  template <typename F>
+  constexpr auto or_else(F&& f) && -> details::or_else_result_t<F, T> {
+    if (has_value()) return std::move(*this);
+    return std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
   // Delete new for this class. Its base doesn't have a virtual destructor, and
   // if it got deleted via base class pointer, it would cause undefined
   // behavior. There's not a good reason to allocate this object on the heap
   // anyway.
   static void* operator new(size_t) = delete;
   static void* operator new[](size_t) = delete;
-
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename U>
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index 608519b..e8af5f7 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -855,6 +855,8 @@
                                                const PointerCoords&);
     static PointerCoords calculateTransformedCoords(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform&,
                                                     const PointerCoords&);
+    // The rounding precision for transformed motion events.
+    static constexpr float ROUNDING_PRECISION = 0.001f;
 
 protected:
     int32_t mAction;
diff --git a/include/input/MotionPredictor.h b/include/input/MotionPredictor.h
index 68ebf75..de8ddca 100644
--- a/include/input/MotionPredictor.h
+++ b/include/input/MotionPredictor.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include <android-base/result.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <android/sysprop/InputProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
@@ -66,21 +67,27 @@
      * checkEnableMotionPredition: the function to check whether the prediction should run. Used to
      * provide an additional way of turning prediction on and off. Can be toggled at runtime.
      */
-    MotionPredictor(nsecs_t predictionTimestampOffsetNanos, const char* modelPath = nullptr,
+    MotionPredictor(nsecs_t predictionTimestampOffsetNanos,
                     std::function<bool()> checkEnableMotionPrediction = isMotionPredictionEnabled);
-    void record(const MotionEvent& event);
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> predict(nsecs_t timestamp);
+    /**
+     * Record the actual motion received by the view. This event will be used for calculating the
+     * predictions.
+     *
+     * @return empty result if the event was processed correctly, error if the event is not
+     * consistent with the previously recorded events.
+     */
+    android::base::Result<void> record(const MotionEvent& event);
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> predict(nsecs_t timestamp);
     bool isPredictionAvailable(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source);
 
 private:
     const nsecs_t mPredictionTimestampOffsetNanos;
-    const std::string mModelPath;
     const std::function<bool()> mCheckMotionPredictionEnabled;
 
     std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> mModel;
-    // Buffers/events for each device seen by record().
-    std::unordered_map</*deviceId*/ int32_t, TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers> mDeviceBuffers;
-    std::unordered_map</*deviceId*/ int32_t, MotionEvent> mLastEvents;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers> mBuffers;
+    std::optional<MotionEvent> mLastEvent;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/include/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.h b/include/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.h
index 54e2851..7de551b41 100644
--- a/include/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.h
+++ b/include/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.h
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 class TfLiteMotionPredictorModel {
 public:
     // Creates a model from an encoded Flatbuffer model.
-    static std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> create(const char* modelPath);
+    static std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> create();
 
     ~TfLiteMotionPredictorModel();
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp b/libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp
index 2e70304..51b97165 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <binder/RecordedTransaction.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
@@ -176,13 +177,33 @@
     RecordedTransaction t;
     ChunkDescriptor chunk;
     const long pageSize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
+    struct stat fileStat;
+    if (fstat(fd.get(), &fileStat) != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to get file information";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    off_t fdCurrentPosition = lseek(fd.get(), 0, SEEK_CUR);
+    if (fdCurrentPosition == -1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid offset in file descriptor.";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
     do {
+        if (fileStat.st_size < (fdCurrentPosition + (off_t)sizeof(ChunkDescriptor))) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Not enough file remains to contain expected chunk descriptor";
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
         transaction_checksum_t checksum = 0;
         if (NO_ERROR != readChunkDescriptor(fd, &chunk, &checksum)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read chunk descriptor.";
             return std::nullopt;
         }
-        off_t fdCurrentPosition = lseek(fd.get(), 0, SEEK_CUR);
+
+        fdCurrentPosition = lseek(fd.get(), 0, SEEK_CUR);
+        if (fdCurrentPosition == -1) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid offset in file descriptor.";
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
         off_t mmapPageAlignedStart = (fdCurrentPosition / pageSize) * pageSize;
         off_t mmapPayloadStartOffset = fdCurrentPosition - mmapPageAlignedStart;
 
@@ -194,14 +215,24 @@
         size_t chunkPayloadSize =
                 chunk.dataSize + PADDING8(chunk.dataSize) + sizeof(transaction_checksum_t);
 
+        if (chunkPayloadSize > (size_t)(fileStat.st_size - fdCurrentPosition)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Chunk payload exceeds remaining file size.";
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
         if (PADDING8(chunkPayloadSize) != 0) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid chunk size, not aligned " << chunkPayloadSize;
             return std::nullopt;
         }
 
-        transaction_checksum_t* payloadMap = reinterpret_cast<transaction_checksum_t*>(
-                mmap(NULL, chunkPayloadSize + mmapPayloadStartOffset, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
-                     fd.get(), mmapPageAlignedStart));
+        size_t memoryMappedSize = chunkPayloadSize + mmapPayloadStartOffset;
+        void* mappedMemory =
+                mmap(NULL, memoryMappedSize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd.get(), mmapPageAlignedStart);
+        auto mmap_guard = android::base::make_scope_guard(
+                [mappedMemory, memoryMappedSize] { munmap(mappedMemory, memoryMappedSize); });
+
+        transaction_checksum_t* payloadMap =
+                reinterpret_cast<transaction_checksum_t*>(mappedMemory);
         payloadMap += mmapPayloadStartOffset /
                 sizeof(transaction_checksum_t); // Skip chunk descriptor and required mmap
                                                 // page-alignment
@@ -218,7 +249,12 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Checksum failed.";
             return std::nullopt;
         }
-        lseek(fd.get(), chunkPayloadSize, SEEK_CUR);
+
+        fdCurrentPosition = lseek(fd.get(), chunkPayloadSize, SEEK_CUR);
+        if (fdCurrentPosition == -1) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid offset in file descriptor.";
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
 
         switch (chunk.chunkType) {
             case HEADER_CHUNK: {
@@ -255,7 +291,7 @@
                 break;
             default:
                 LOG(INFO) << "Unrecognized chunk.";
-                continue;
+                break;
         }
     } while (chunk.chunkType != END_CHUNK);
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp
index ce6ef2b..fbad0f7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcSession.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
 #include <poll.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -90,16 +91,16 @@
     return mMaxIncomingThreads;
 }
 
-void RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingThreads(size_t threads) {
+void RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingConnections(size_t connections) {
     RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mMutex);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mStartedSetup,
                         "Must set max outgoing threads before setting up connections");
-    mMaxOutgoingThreads = threads;
+    mMaxOutgoingConnections = connections;
 }
 
 size_t RpcSession::getMaxOutgoingThreads() {
     RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mMutex);
-    return mMaxOutgoingThreads;
+    return mMaxOutgoingConnections;
 }
 
 bool RpcSession::setProtocolVersionInternal(uint32_t version, bool checkStarted) {
@@ -558,11 +559,11 @@
         return status;
     }
 
-    size_t outgoingThreads = std::min(numThreadsAvailable, mMaxOutgoingThreads);
-    ALOGI_IF(outgoingThreads != numThreadsAvailable,
+    size_t outgoingConnections = std::min(numThreadsAvailable, mMaxOutgoingConnections);
+    ALOGI_IF(outgoingConnections != numThreadsAvailable,
              "Server hints client to start %zu outgoing threads, but client will only start %zu "
              "because it is preconfigured to start at most %zu outgoing threads.",
-             numThreadsAvailable, outgoingThreads, mMaxOutgoingThreads);
+             numThreadsAvailable, outgoingConnections, mMaxOutgoingConnections);
 
     // TODO(b/189955605): we should add additional sessions dynamically
     // instead of all at once - the other side should be responsible for setting
@@ -571,10 +572,10 @@
     // any requests at all.
 
     // we've already setup one client
-    LOG_RPC_DETAIL("RpcSession::setupClient() instantiating %zu outgoing (server max: %zu) and %zu "
-                   "incoming threads",
-                   outgoingThreads, numThreadsAvailable, mMaxIncomingThreads);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < outgoingThreads; i++) {
+    LOG_RPC_DETAIL("RpcSession::setupClient() instantiating %zu outgoing connections (server max: "
+                   "%zu) and %zu incoming threads",
+                   outgoingConnections, numThreadsAvailable, mMaxIncomingThreads);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < outgoingConnections; i++) {
         if (status_t status = connectAndInit(mId, false /*incoming*/); status != OK) return status;
     }
 
@@ -608,6 +609,18 @@
             return -savedErrno;
         }
 
+        if (addr.addr()->sa_family == AF_INET || addr.addr()->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+            int noDelay = 1;
+            int result =
+                    setsockopt(serverFd.get(), IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &noDelay, sizeof(noDelay));
+            if (result < 0) {
+                int savedErrno = errno;
+                ALOGE("Could not set TCP_NODELAY on %s: %s", addr.toString().c_str(),
+                      strerror(savedErrno));
+                return -savedErrno;
+            }
+        }
+
         RpcTransportFd transportFd(std::move(serverFd));
 
         if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(connect(transportFd.fd.get(), addr.addr(), addr.addrSize()))) {
@@ -932,7 +945,8 @@
                   (session->server()
                            ? "This is a server session, so see RpcSession::setMaxIncomingThreads "
                              "for the corresponding client"
-                           : "This is a client session, so see RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingThreads "
+                           : "This is a client session, so see "
+                             "RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingConnections "
                              "for this client or RpcServer::setMaxThreads for the corresponding "
                              "server"));
             return WOULD_BLOCK;
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
index 2b0e5ba..38bd081 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
@@ -1036,8 +1036,8 @@
                 return DEAD_OBJECT;
             }
 
-            if (it->second.asyncTodo.size() == 0) return OK;
-            if (it->second.asyncTodo.top().asyncNumber == it->second.asyncNumber) {
+            if (it->second.asyncTodo.size() != 0 &&
+                it->second.asyncTodo.top().asyncNumber == it->second.asyncNumber) {
                 LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Found next async transaction %" PRIu64 " on %" PRIu64,
                                it->second.asyncNumber, addr);
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp b/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp
index 194254a..2b67f03 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ServiceManagerHost.cpp
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!forwardResult->hostPort().has_value());
 
     auto rpcSession = RpcSession::make();
-    if (options.maxOutgoingThreads.has_value()) {
-        rpcSession->setMaxOutgoingThreads(*options.maxOutgoingThreads);
+    if (options.maxOutgoingConnections.has_value()) {
+        rpcSession->setMaxOutgoingConnections(*options.maxOutgoingConnections);
     }
 
     if (status_t status = rpcSession->setupInetClient("127.0.0.1", *forwardResult->hostPort());
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h
index c78f870..55167a7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IServiceManager.h
@@ -224,12 +224,12 @@
 //    }
 // Resources are cleaned up when the object is destroyed.
 //
-// For each returned binder object, at most |maxOutgoingThreads| outgoing threads are instantiated.
-// Hence, only |maxOutgoingThreads| calls can be made simultaneously. Additional calls are blocked
-// if there are |maxOutgoingThreads| ongoing calls. See RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingThreads.
-// If |maxOutgoingThreads| is not set, default is |RpcSession::kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads|.
+// For each returned binder object, at most |maxOutgoingConnections| outgoing connections are
+// instantiated, depending on how many the service on the device is configured with.
+// Hence, only |maxOutgoingConnections| calls can be made simultaneously.
+// See also RpcSession::setMaxOutgoingConnections.
 struct RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions {
-    std::optional<size_t> maxOutgoingThreads;
+    std::optional<size_t> maxOutgoingConnections;
 };
 sp<IServiceManager> createRpcDelegateServiceManager(
         const RpcDelegateServiceManagerOptions& options);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h
index 25193a3..1001b64 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcServer.h
@@ -119,7 +119,10 @@
     [[nodiscard]] status_t setupExternalServer(base::unique_fd serverFd);
 
     /**
-     * This must be called before adding a client session.
+     * This must be called before adding a client session. This corresponds
+     * to the number of incoming connections to RpcSession objects in the
+     * server, which will correspond to the number of outgoing connections
+     * in client RpcSession objects.
      *
      * If this is not specified, this will be a single-threaded server.
      *
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
index 40faf2c..0750ccf 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@
  */
 class RpcSession final : public virtual RefBase {
 public:
-    static constexpr size_t kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads = 10;
-
     // Create an RpcSession with default configuration (raw sockets).
     static sp<RpcSession> make();
 
@@ -67,26 +65,30 @@
     /**
      * Set the maximum number of incoming threads allowed to be made (for things like callbacks).
      * By default, this is 0. This must be called before setting up this connection as a client.
-     * Server sessions will inherits this value from RpcServer.
+     * Server sessions will inherits this value from RpcServer. Each thread will serve a
+     * connection to the remote RpcSession.
      *
      * If this is called, 'shutdown' on this session must also be called.
      * Otherwise, a threadpool will leak.
      *
-     * TODO(b/189955605): start these dynamically
+     * TODO(b/189955605): start these lazily - currently all are started
      */
     void setMaxIncomingThreads(size_t threads);
     size_t getMaxIncomingThreads();
 
     /**
-     * Set the maximum number of outgoing threads allowed to be made.
-     * By default, this is |kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads|. This must be called before setting up this
-     * connection as a client.
+     * Set the maximum number of outgoing connections allowed to be made.
+     * By default, this is |kDefaultMaxOutgoingConnections|. This must be called before setting up
+     * this connection as a client.
      *
-     * This limits the number of outgoing threads on top of the remote peer setting. This RpcSession
-     * will only instantiate |min(maxOutgoingThreads, remoteMaxThreads)| outgoing threads, where
-     * |remoteMaxThreads| can be retrieved from the remote peer via |getRemoteMaxThreads()|.
+     * For an RpcSession client, if you are connecting to a server which starts N threads,
+     * then this must be set to >= N. If you set the maximum number of outgoing connections
+     * to 1, but the server requests 10, then it would be considered an error. If you set a
+     * maximum number of connections to 10, and the server requests 1, then only 1 will be
+     * created. This API is used to limit the amount of resources a server can request you
+     * create.
      */
-    void setMaxOutgoingThreads(size_t threads);
+    void setMaxOutgoingConnections(size_t connections);
     size_t getMaxOutgoingThreads();
 
     /**
@@ -219,6 +221,8 @@
     friend RpcState;
     explicit RpcSession(std::unique_ptr<RpcTransportCtx> ctx);
 
+    static constexpr size_t kDefaultMaxOutgoingConnections = 10;
+
     // internal version of setProtocolVersion that
     // optionally skips the mStartedSetup check
     [[nodiscard]] bool setProtocolVersionInternal(uint32_t version, bool checkStarted);
@@ -368,7 +372,7 @@
 
     bool mStartedSetup = false;
     size_t mMaxIncomingThreads = 0;
-    size_t mMaxOutgoingThreads = kDefaultMaxOutgoingThreads;
+    size_t mMaxOutgoingConnections = kDefaultMaxOutgoingConnections;
     std::optional<uint32_t> mProtocolVersion;
     FileDescriptorTransportMode mFileDescriptorTransportMode = FileDescriptorTransportMode::NONE;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp b/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
index 42d226b..a157792 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
+++ b/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@
 void ARpcSession_setFileDescriptorTransportMode(ARpcSession* session,
                                                 ARpcSession_FileDescriptorTransportMode mode);
 
-// Sets the maximum number of incoming threads.
+// Sets the maximum number of incoming threads, to service connections.
 void ARpcSession_setMaxIncomingThreads(ARpcSession* session, size_t threads);
 
-// Sets the maximum number of outgoing threads.
-void ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingThreads(ARpcSession* session, size_t threads);
+// Sets the maximum number of outgoing connections.
+void ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingConnections(ARpcSession* session, size_t connections);
 
 // Decrements the refcount of the underlying RpcSession object.
 void ARpcSession_free(ARpcSession* session);
diff --git a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
index daff8c1..a167f23 100644
--- a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@
     session->setMaxIncomingThreads(threads);
 }
 
-void ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingThreads(ARpcSession* handle, size_t threads) {
+void ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingConnections(ARpcSession* handle, size_t connections) {
     auto session = handleToStrongPointer<RpcSession>(handle);
-    session->setMaxOutgoingThreads(threads);
+    session->setMaxOutgoingConnections(connections);
 }
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h
index f68612c..d833b83 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
-
-#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <uchar.h>
 
 struct AIBinder;
 typedef struct AIBinder AIBinder;
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
index 5b2532a..882f1d6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 constexpr char kForcePersistNdkUnitTestService[] = "ForcePersistNdkUnitTestService";
 constexpr char kActiveServicesNdkUnitTestService[] = "ActiveServicesNdkUnitTestService";
 
-constexpr unsigned int kShutdownWaitTime = 10;
+constexpr unsigned int kShutdownWaitTime = 11;
 constexpr uint64_t kContextTestValue = 0xb4e42fb4d9a1d715;
 
 class MyTestFoo : public IFoo {
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs
index 0b517cf..28c5390 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs
@@ -75,11 +75,14 @@
         };
     }
 
-    /// Sets the maximum number of outgoing threads.
-    pub fn set_max_outgoing_threads(&self, threads: usize) {
+    /// Sets the maximum number of outgoing connections.
+    pub fn set_max_outgoing_connections(&self, connections: usize) {
         // SAFETY - Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
         unsafe {
-            binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingThreads(self.as_ptr(), threads)
+            binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingConnections(
+                self.as_ptr(),
+                connections,
+            )
         };
     }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp
index 464da60..77a5fa8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderHostDeviceTest.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 void initHostRpcServiceManagerOnce() {
     static std::once_flag gSmOnce;
     std::call_once(gSmOnce, [] {
-        setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager({.maxOutgoingThreads = 1}));
+        setDefaultServiceManager(createRpcDelegateServiceManager({.maxOutgoingConnections = 1}));
     });
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
index 09bff74..8974ad7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
@@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@
         }));
     }
 
-    data.writeInt32(100);
+    data.writeInt32(500);
     // Give a chance for all threads to be used
     EXPECT_THAT(server->transact(BINDER_LIB_TEST_UNLOCK_AFTER_MS, data, &reply), NO_ERROR);
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
index dcea880..5952c41 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 static std::string allocateSocketAddress() {
     static size_t id = 0;
     std::string temp = getenv("TMPDIR") ?: "/tmp";
-    auto ret = temp + "/binderRpcTest_" + std::to_string(id++);
+    auto ret = temp + "/binderRpcTest_" + std::to_string(getpid()) + "_" + std::to_string(id++);
     unlink(ret.c_str());
     return ret;
 };
@@ -237,9 +237,13 @@
             std::to_string(clientVersion) + "_serverV" + std::to_string(serverVersion);
     if (singleThreaded) {
         ret += "_single_threaded";
+    } else {
+        ret += "_multi_threaded";
     }
     if (noKernel) {
         ret += "_no_kernel";
+    } else {
+        ret += "_with_kernel";
     }
     return ret;
 }
@@ -350,7 +354,7 @@
     for (const auto& session : sessions) {
         CHECK(session->setProtocolVersion(clientVersion));
         session->setMaxIncomingThreads(options.numIncomingConnections);
-        session->setMaxOutgoingThreads(options.numOutgoingConnections);
+        session->setMaxOutgoingConnections(options.numOutgoingConnections);
         session->setFileDescriptorTransportMode(options.clientFileDescriptorTransportMode);
 
         switch (socketType) {
@@ -435,8 +439,7 @@
     for (auto& t : ts) t.join();
 }
 
-static void testThreadPoolOverSaturated(sp<IBinderRpcTest> iface, size_t numCalls,
-                                        size_t sleepMs = 500) {
+static void testThreadPoolOverSaturated(sp<IBinderRpcTest> iface, size_t numCalls, size_t sleepMs) {
     size_t epochMsBefore = epochMillis();
 
     std::vector<std::thread> ts;
@@ -462,7 +465,7 @@
     constexpr size_t kNumThreads = 10;
     constexpr size_t kNumCalls = kNumThreads + 3;
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({.numThreads = kNumThreads});
-    testThreadPoolOverSaturated(proc.rootIface, kNumCalls);
+    testThreadPoolOverSaturated(proc.rootIface, kNumCalls, 250 /*ms*/);
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, ThreadPoolLimitOutgoing) {
@@ -475,7 +478,7 @@
     constexpr size_t kNumCalls = kNumOutgoingConnections + 3;
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(
             {.numThreads = kNumThreads, .numOutgoingConnections = kNumOutgoingConnections});
-    testThreadPoolOverSaturated(proc.rootIface, kNumCalls);
+    testThreadPoolOverSaturated(proc.rootIface, kNumCalls, 250 /*ms*/);
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, ThreadingStressTest) {
@@ -483,9 +486,9 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "This test requires multiple threads";
     }
 
-    constexpr size_t kNumClientThreads = 10;
-    constexpr size_t kNumServerThreads = 10;
-    constexpr size_t kNumCalls = 100;
+    constexpr size_t kNumClientThreads = 5;
+    constexpr size_t kNumServerThreads = 5;
+    constexpr size_t kNumCalls = 50;
 
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({.numThreads = kNumServerThreads});
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestTrusty.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestTrusty.cpp
index b3bb5eb..63b56a3 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestTrusty.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestTrusty.cpp
@@ -45,9 +45,13 @@
             std::to_string(serverVersion);
     if (singleThreaded) {
         ret += "_single_threaded";
+    } else {
+        ret += "_multi_threaded";
     }
     if (noKernel) {
         ret += "_no_kernel";
+    } else {
+        ret += "_with_kernel";
     }
     return ret;
 }
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@
         auto session = android::RpcSession::make(std::move(factory));
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(session->setProtocolVersion(clientVersion));
-        session->setMaxOutgoingThreads(options.numOutgoingConnections);
+        session->setMaxOutgoingConnections(options.numOutgoingConnections);
         session->setFileDescriptorTransportMode(options.clientFileDescriptorTransportMode);
 
         status = session->setupPreconnectedClient({}, [&]() {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/Android.bp
index 8ea948c..a881582 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/Android.bp
@@ -104,3 +104,42 @@
     defaults: ["binder_fuzz_defaults"],
     srcs: ["MemoryDealerFuzz.cpp"],
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "binder_recordedTransactionFileFuzz",
+    defaults: ["binder_fuzz_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["RecordedTransactionFileFuzz.cpp"],
+    corpus: [
+        "recorded_transaction_corpus/*",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "binder_recordedTransactionFuzz",
+    defaults: ["binder_fuzz_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp"],
+    target: {
+        android: {
+            shared_libs: [
+                "libcutils",
+                "libutils",
+                "libbase",
+                "libbinder",
+            ],
+            static_libs: ["libbinder_random_parcel"],
+        },
+        host: {
+            static_libs: [
+                "libcutils",
+                "liblog",
+                "libutils",
+                "libbase",
+                "libbinder",
+                "libbinder_random_parcel",
+            ],
+        },
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFileFuzz.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFileFuzz.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73790fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFileFuzz.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <binder/RecordedTransaction.h>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+#include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    std::FILE* intermediateFile = std::tmpfile();
+    fwrite(data, sizeof(uint8_t), size, intermediateFile);
+    rewind(intermediateFile);
+    int fileNumber = fileno(intermediateFile);
+
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(fileNumber);
+
+    auto transaction = android::binder::debug::RecordedTransaction::fromFile(fd);
+
+    std::fclose(intermediateFile);
+
+    if (transaction.has_value()) {
+        intermediateFile = std::tmpfile();
+
+        android::base::unique_fd fdForWriting(fileno(intermediateFile));
+        auto writeStatus ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED = transaction.value().dumpToFile(fdForWriting);
+
+        std::fclose(intermediateFile);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..943fb9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/RecordedTransactionFuzz.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <binder/RecordedTransaction.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/random_parcel.h>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
+
+using android::fillRandomParcel;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    FuzzedDataProvider provider = FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
+
+    android::String16 interfaceName =
+            android::String16(provider.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str());
+
+    uint32_t code = provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+    uint32_t flags = provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+    time_t sec = provider.ConsumeIntegral<time_t>();
+    long nsec = provider.ConsumeIntegral<long>();
+    timespec timestamp = {.tv_sec = sec, .tv_nsec = nsec};
+    android::status_t transactionStatus = provider.ConsumeIntegral<android::status_t>();
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bytes = provider.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+            provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, provider.remaining_bytes()));
+
+    // same options so that FDs and binders could be shared in both Parcels
+    android::RandomParcelOptions options;
+
+    android::Parcel p0, p1;
+    fillRandomParcel(&p0, FuzzedDataProvider(bytes.data(), bytes.size()), &options);
+    fillRandomParcel(&p1, std::move(provider), &options);
+
+    auto transaction =
+            android::binder::debug::RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(interfaceName, code, flags,
+                                                                     timestamp, p0, p1,
+                                                                     transactionStatus);
+
+    if (transaction.has_value()) {
+        std::FILE* intermediateFile = std::tmpfile();
+        android::base::unique_fd fdForWriting(fileno(intermediateFile));
+        auto writeStatus ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED = transaction.value().dumpToFile(fdForWriting);
+
+        std::fclose(intermediateFile);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/recorded_transaction_corpus/power_recording b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/recorded_transaction_corpus/power_recording
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79442078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/recorded_transaction_corpus/power_recording
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/recorded_transaction_corpus/recorded_binder_transaction b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/recorded_transaction_corpus/recorded_binder_transaction
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658addb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/recorded_transaction_corpus/recorded_binder_transaction
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp b/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp
index 29924ff..96dcce1 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     name: "fakeservicemanager_defaults",
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
-        "ServiceManager.cpp",
+        "FakeServiceManager.cpp",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libfakeservicemanager",
     defaults: ["fakeservicemanager_defaults"],
-    export_include_dirs: ["include/fakeservicemanager"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
 
 cc_test_host {
@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@
         "test_sm.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: ["libgmock"],
-    local_include_dirs: ["include/fakeservicemanager"],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/libs/fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.cpp
similarity index 66%
rename from libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
rename to libs/fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.cpp
index 1109ad8..3272bbc 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.cpp
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "ServiceManager.h"
+#include "fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
-ServiceManager::ServiceManager() {}
+FakeServiceManager::FakeServiceManager() {}
 
-sp<IBinder> ServiceManager::getService( const String16& name) const {
+sp<IBinder> FakeServiceManager::getService( const String16& name) const {
     // Servicemanager is single-threaded and cannot block. This method exists for legacy reasons.
     return checkService(name);
 }
 
-sp<IBinder> ServiceManager::checkService( const String16& name) const {
+sp<IBinder> FakeServiceManager::checkService( const String16& name) const {
     auto it = mNameToService.find(name);
     if (it == mNameToService.end()) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     return it->second;
 }
 
-status_t ServiceManager::addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service,
+status_t FakeServiceManager::addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service,
                                 bool /*allowIsolated*/,
                                 int /*dumpsysFlags*/) {
     if (service == nullptr) {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-Vector<String16> ServiceManager::listServices(int /*dumpsysFlags*/) {
+Vector<String16> FakeServiceManager::listServices(int /*dumpsysFlags*/) {
     Vector<String16> services;
     for (auto const& [name, service] : mNameToService) {
         (void) service;
@@ -52,19 +52,19 @@
   return services;
 }
 
-IBinder* ServiceManager::onAsBinder() {
+IBinder* FakeServiceManager::onAsBinder() {
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-sp<IBinder> ServiceManager::waitForService(const String16& name) {
+sp<IBinder> FakeServiceManager::waitForService(const String16& name) {
     return checkService(name);
 }
 
-bool ServiceManager::isDeclared(const String16& name) {
+bool FakeServiceManager::isDeclared(const String16& name) {
     return mNameToService.find(name) != mNameToService.end();
 }
 
-Vector<String16> ServiceManager::getDeclaredInstances(const String16& name) {
+Vector<String16> FakeServiceManager::getDeclaredInstances(const String16& name) {
     Vector<String16> out;
     const String16 prefix = name + String16("/");
     for (const auto& [registeredName, service] : mNameToService) {
@@ -76,38 +76,38 @@
     return out;
 }
 
-std::optional<String16> ServiceManager::updatableViaApex(const String16& name) {
+std::optional<String16> FakeServiceManager::updatableViaApex(const String16& name) {
     (void)name;
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-Vector<String16> ServiceManager::getUpdatableNames(const String16& apexName) {
+Vector<String16> FakeServiceManager::getUpdatableNames(const String16& apexName) {
     (void)apexName;
     return {};
 }
 
-std::optional<IServiceManager::ConnectionInfo> ServiceManager::getConnectionInfo(
+std::optional<IServiceManager::ConnectionInfo> FakeServiceManager::getConnectionInfo(
         const String16& name) {
     (void)name;
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-status_t ServiceManager::registerForNotifications(const String16&,
+status_t FakeServiceManager::registerForNotifications(const String16&,
                                                   const sp<LocalRegistrationCallback>&) {
     return INVALID_OPERATION;
 }
 
-status_t ServiceManager::unregisterForNotifications(const String16&,
+status_t FakeServiceManager::unregisterForNotifications(const String16&,
                                                 const sp<LocalRegistrationCallback>&) {
     return INVALID_OPERATION;
 }
 
-std::vector<IServiceManager::ServiceDebugInfo> ServiceManager::getServiceDebugInfo() {
+std::vector<IServiceManager::ServiceDebugInfo> FakeServiceManager::getServiceDebugInfo() {
     std::vector<IServiceManager::ServiceDebugInfo> ret;
     return ret;
 }
 
-void ServiceManager::clear() {
+void FakeServiceManager::clear() {
     mNameToService.clear();
 }
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h b/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h
similarity index 96%
rename from libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h
rename to libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h
index ba6bb7d..97add24 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
  * A local host simple implementation of IServiceManager, that does not
  * communicate over binder.
 */
-class ServiceManager : public IServiceManager {
+class FakeServiceManager : public IServiceManager {
 public:
-    ServiceManager();
+    FakeServiceManager();
 
     sp<IBinder> getService( const String16& name) const override;
 
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp b/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp
index 8682c1c..6fc21c6 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 
-#include "ServiceManager.h"
+#include "fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h"
 
 using android::sp;
 using android::BBinder;
 using android::IBinder;
 using android::OK;
 using android::status_t;
-using android::ServiceManager;
+using android::FakeServiceManager;
 using android::String16;
 using android::IServiceManager;
 using testing::ElementsAre;
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@
 }
 
 TEST(AddService, HappyHappy) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
 }
 
 TEST(AddService, SadNullBinder) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), nullptr, false /*allowIsolated*/,
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), android::UNEXPECTED_NULL);
 }
 
 TEST(AddService, HappyOverExistingService) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(AddService, HappyClearAddedService) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
     EXPECT_NE(sm->getService(String16("foo")), nullptr);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(GetService, HappyHappy) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     sp<IBinder> service = getBinder();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), service, false /*allowIsolated*/,
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST(GetService, NonExistant) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->getService(String16("foo")), nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(ListServices, AllServices) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("sd"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST(WaitForService, NonExistant) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->waitForService(String16("foo")), nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(WaitForService, HappyHappy) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     sp<IBinder> service = getBinder();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), service, false /*allowIsolated*/,
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST(IsDeclared, NonExistant) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(sm->isDeclared(String16("foo")));
 }
 
 TEST(IsDeclared, HappyHappy) {
-    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    auto sm = new FakeServiceManager();
     sp<IBinder> service = getBinder();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), service, false /*allowIsolated*/,
diff --git a/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
index 6b3b6c4..91bf7bc 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
@@ -164,6 +164,46 @@
                      }));
 }
 
+TEST(Optional, OrElse) {
+  // Non-empty.
+  {
+    const Optional opt = false;
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, opt.or_else([] { return Optional(true); }));
+    EXPECT_EQ('x', Optional('x').or_else([] { return std::make_optional('y'); }));
+  }
+
+  // Empty.
+  {
+    const Optional<int> opt;
+    EXPECT_EQ(123, opt.or_else([]() -> Optional<int> { return 123; }));
+    EXPECT_EQ("abc"s, Optional<std::string>().or_else([] { return Optional("abc"s); }));
+  }
+  {
+    bool empty = false;
+    EXPECT_EQ(Optional<float>(), Optional<float>().or_else([&empty]() -> Optional<float> {
+      empty = true;
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(empty);
+  }
+
+  // Chaining.
+  using StringVector = StaticVector<std::string, 3>;
+  EXPECT_EQ(999, Optional(StaticVector{"1"s, "0"s, "0"s})
+                     .and_then([](StringVector&& v) -> Optional<StringVector> {
+                       if (v.push_back("0"s)) return v;
+                       return {};
+                     })
+                     .or_else([] {
+                       return Optional(StaticVector{"9"s, "9"s, "9"s});
+                     })
+                     .transform([](const StringVector& v) {
+                       return std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), std::string());
+                     })
+                     .and_then(parse_int)
+                     .or_else([] { return Optional(-1); }));
+}
+
 // Comparison.
 namespace {
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index cf8b13f..821dd37 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -139,6 +139,11 @@
     }
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferItemConsumer::resizeFrameEventHistory(size_t newSize) {
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
+    mFrameEventHistory.resize(newSize);
+}
+
 BLASTBufferQueue::BLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name, bool updateDestinationFrame)
       : mSurfaceControl(nullptr),
         mSize(1, 1),
@@ -1069,8 +1074,9 @@
 // can be non-blocking when the producer is in the client process.
 class BBQBufferQueueProducer : public BufferQueueProducer {
 public:
-    BBQBufferQueueProducer(const sp<BufferQueueCore>& core)
-          : BufferQueueProducer(core, false /* consumerIsSurfaceFlinger*/) {}
+    BBQBufferQueueProducer(const sp<BufferQueueCore>& core, wp<BLASTBufferQueue> bbq)
+          : BufferQueueProducer(core, false /* consumerIsSurfaceFlinger*/),
+            mBLASTBufferQueue(std::move(bbq)) {}
 
     status_t connect(const sp<IProducerListener>& listener, int api, bool producerControlledByApp,
                      QueueBufferOutput* output) override {
@@ -1082,6 +1088,26 @@
                                             producerControlledByApp, output);
     }
 
+    // We want to resize the frame history when changing the size of the buffer queue
+    status_t setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(int maxDequeuedBufferCount) override {
+        int maxBufferCount;
+        status_t status = BufferQueueProducer::setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(maxDequeuedBufferCount,
+                                                                         &maxBufferCount);
+        // if we can't determine the max buffer count, then just skip growing the history size
+        if (status == OK) {
+            size_t newFrameHistorySize = maxBufferCount + 2; // +2 because triple buffer rendering
+            // optimize away resizing the frame history unless it will grow
+            if (newFrameHistorySize > FrameEventHistory::INITIAL_MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+                sp<BLASTBufferQueue> bbq = mBLASTBufferQueue.promote();
+                if (bbq != nullptr) {
+                    ALOGV("increasing frame history size to %zu", newFrameHistorySize);
+                    bbq->resizeFrameEventHistory(newFrameHistorySize);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return status;
+    }
+
     int query(int what, int* value) override {
         if (what == NATIVE_WINDOW_QUEUES_TO_WINDOW_COMPOSER) {
             *value = 1;
@@ -1089,6 +1115,9 @@
         }
         return BufferQueueProducer::query(what, value);
     }
+
+private:
+    const wp<BLASTBufferQueue> mBLASTBufferQueue;
 };
 
 // Similar to BufferQueue::createBufferQueue but creates an adapter specific bufferqueue producer.
@@ -1103,7 +1132,7 @@
     sp<BufferQueueCore> core(new BufferQueueCore());
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(core == nullptr, "BLASTBufferQueue: failed to create BufferQueueCore");
 
-    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer(new BBQBufferQueueProducer(core));
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer(new BBQBufferQueueProducer(core, this));
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(producer == nullptr,
                         "BLASTBufferQueue: failed to create BBQBufferQueueProducer");
 
@@ -1116,6 +1145,16 @@
     *outConsumer = consumer;
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::resizeFrameEventHistory(size_t newSize) {
+    // This can be null during creation of the buffer queue, but resizing won't do anything at that
+    // point in time, so just ignore. This can go away once the class relationships and lifetimes of
+    // objects are cleaned up with a major refactor of BufferQueue as a whole.
+    if (mBufferItemConsumer != nullptr) {
+        std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
+        mBufferItemConsumer->resizeFrameEventHistory(newSize);
+    }
+}
+
 PixelFormat BLASTBufferQueue::convertBufferFormat(PixelFormat& format) {
     PixelFormat convertedFormat = format;
     switch (format) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
index 5fe5e71..9eb1a9f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
@@ -119,6 +119,12 @@
 
 status_t BufferQueueProducer::setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(
         int maxDequeuedBuffers) {
+    int maxBufferCount;
+    return setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(maxDequeuedBuffers, &maxBufferCount);
+}
+
+status_t BufferQueueProducer::setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(int maxDequeuedBuffers,
+                                                        int* maxBufferCount) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     BQ_LOGV("setMaxDequeuedBufferCount: maxDequeuedBuffers = %d",
             maxDequeuedBuffers);
@@ -134,6 +140,8 @@
             return NO_INIT;
         }
 
+        *maxBufferCount = mCore->getMaxBufferCountLocked();
+
         if (maxDequeuedBuffers == mCore->mMaxDequeuedBufferCount) {
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
@@ -183,6 +191,7 @@
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         mCore->mMaxDequeuedBufferCount = maxDequeuedBuffers;
+        *maxBufferCount = mCore->getMaxBufferCountLocked();
         VALIDATE_CONSISTENCY();
         if (delta < 0) {
             listener = mCore->mConsumerListener;
diff --git a/libs/gui/FrameTimestamps.cpp b/libs/gui/FrameTimestamps.cpp
index e2ea3f9..f3eb4e8 100644
--- a/libs/gui/FrameTimestamps.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/FrameTimestamps.cpp
@@ -168,10 +168,11 @@
 
 }  // namespace
 
-const size_t FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY =
+const size_t FrameEventHistory::INITIAL_MAX_FRAME_HISTORY =
         sysprop::LibGuiProperties::frame_event_history_size().value_or(8);
 
-FrameEventHistory::FrameEventHistory() : mFrames(std::vector<FrameEvents>(MAX_FRAME_HISTORY)) {}
+FrameEventHistory::FrameEventHistory()
+      : mFrames(std::vector<FrameEvents>(INITIAL_MAX_FRAME_HISTORY)) {}
 
 FrameEventHistory::~FrameEventHistory() = default;
 
@@ -227,7 +228,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-
 // ============================================================================
 // ProducerFrameEventHistory
 // ============================================================================
@@ -273,6 +273,13 @@
         const FrameEventHistoryDelta& delta) {
     mCompositorTiming = delta.mCompositorTiming;
 
+    // Deltas should have enough reserved capacity for the consumer-side, therefore if there's a
+    // different capacity, we re-sized on the consumer side and now need to resize on the producer
+    // side.
+    if (delta.mDeltas.capacity() > mFrames.capacity()) {
+        resize(delta.mDeltas.capacity());
+    }
+
     for (auto& d : delta.mDeltas) {
         // Avoid out-of-bounds access.
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(d.mIndex >= mFrames.size())) {
@@ -349,13 +356,48 @@
     return std::make_shared<FenceTime>(fence);
 }
 
+void ProducerFrameEventHistory::resize(size_t newSize) {
+    // we don't want to drop events by resizing too small, so don't resize in the negative direction
+    if (newSize <= mFrames.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // This algorithm for resizing needs to be the same as ConsumerFrameEventHistory::resize,
+    // because the indexes need to match when communicating the FrameEventDeltas.
+
+    // We need to find the oldest frame, because that frame needs to move to index 0 in the new
+    // frame history.
+    size_t oldestFrameIndex = 0;
+    size_t oldestFrameNumber = INT32_MAX;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mFrames.size(); ++i) {
+        if (mFrames[i].frameNumber < oldestFrameNumber && mFrames[i].valid) {
+            oldestFrameNumber = mFrames[i].frameNumber;
+            oldestFrameIndex = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // move the existing frame information into a new vector, so that the oldest frames are at
+    // index 0, and the latest frames are at the end of the vector
+    std::vector<FrameEvents> newFrames(newSize);
+    size_t oldI = oldestFrameIndex;
+    size_t newI = 0;
+    do {
+        if (mFrames[oldI].valid) {
+            newFrames[newI++] = std::move(mFrames[oldI]);
+        }
+        oldI = (oldI + 1) % mFrames.size();
+    } while (oldI != oldestFrameIndex);
+
+    mFrames = std::move(newFrames);
+    mAcquireOffset = 0; // this is just a hint, so setting this to anything is fine
+}
 
 // ============================================================================
 // ConsumerFrameEventHistory
 // ============================================================================
 
 ConsumerFrameEventHistory::ConsumerFrameEventHistory()
-      : mFramesDirty(std::vector<FrameEventDirtyFields>(MAX_FRAME_HISTORY)) {}
+      : mFramesDirty(std::vector<FrameEventDirtyFields>(INITIAL_MAX_FRAME_HISTORY)) {}
 
 ConsumerFrameEventHistory::~ConsumerFrameEventHistory() = default;
 
@@ -489,6 +531,36 @@
     }
 }
 
+void ConsumerFrameEventHistory::resize(size_t newSize) {
+    // we don't want to drop events by resizing too small, so don't resize in the negative direction
+    if (newSize <= mFrames.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // This algorithm for resizing needs to be the same as ProducerFrameEventHistory::resize,
+    // because the indexes need to match when communicating the FrameEventDeltas.
+
+    // move the existing frame information into a new vector, so that the oldest frames are at
+    // index 0, and the latest frames are towards the end of the vector
+    std::vector<FrameEvents> newFrames(newSize);
+    std::vector<FrameEventDirtyFields> newFramesDirty(newSize);
+    size_t oldestFrameIndex = mQueueOffset;
+    size_t oldI = oldestFrameIndex;
+    size_t newI = 0;
+    do {
+        if (mFrames[oldI].valid) {
+            newFrames[newI] = std::move(mFrames[oldI]);
+            newFramesDirty[newI] = mFramesDirty[oldI];
+            newI += 1;
+        }
+        oldI = (oldI + 1) % mFrames.size();
+    } while (oldI != oldestFrameIndex);
+
+    mFrames = std::move(newFrames);
+    mFramesDirty = std::move(newFramesDirty);
+    mQueueOffset = newI;
+    mCompositionOffset = 0; // this is just a hint, so setting this to anything is fine
+}
 
 // ============================================================================
 // FrameEventsDelta
@@ -558,8 +630,7 @@
         return NO_MEMORY;
     }
 
-    if (mIndex >= FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY ||
-            mIndex > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
+    if (mIndex >= UINT8_MAX || mIndex < 0) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
@@ -601,7 +672,7 @@
     uint16_t temp16 = 0;
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, temp16);
     mIndex = temp16;
-    if (mIndex >= FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+    if (mIndex >= UINT8_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     uint8_t temp8 = 0;
@@ -627,6 +698,25 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+uint64_t FrameEventsDelta::getFrameNumber() const {
+    return mFrameNumber;
+}
+
+bool FrameEventsDelta::getLatchTime(nsecs_t* latchTime) const {
+    if (mLatchTime == FrameEvents::TIMESTAMP_PENDING) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *latchTime = mLatchTime;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FrameEventsDelta::getDisplayPresentFence(sp<Fence>* fence) const {
+    if (mDisplayPresentFence.fence == Fence::NO_FENCE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *fence = mDisplayPresentFence.fence;
+    return true;
+}
 
 // ============================================================================
 // FrameEventHistoryDelta
@@ -665,7 +755,7 @@
 
 status_t FrameEventHistoryDelta::flatten(
             void*& buffer, size_t& size, int*& fds, size_t& count) const {
-    if (mDeltas.size() > FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+    if (mDeltas.size() > UINT8_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     if (size < getFlattenedSize()) {
@@ -695,7 +785,7 @@
 
     uint32_t deltaCount = 0;
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, deltaCount);
-    if (deltaCount > FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+    if (deltaCount > UINT8_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     mDeltas.resize(deltaCount);
@@ -708,5 +798,12 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+std::vector<FrameEventsDelta>::const_iterator FrameEventHistoryDelta::begin() const {
+    return mDeltas.begin();
+}
+
+std::vector<FrameEventsDelta>::const_iterator FrameEventHistoryDelta::end() const {
+    return mDeltas.end();
+}
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 0f138ca..2f5830d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -1363,7 +1363,8 @@
         (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerSecure) || (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot) ||
         (mask & layer_state_t::eEnableBackpressure) ||
         (mask & layer_state_t::eIgnoreDestinationFrame) ||
-        (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerIsDisplayDecoration)) {
+        (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerIsDisplayDecoration) ||
+        (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator)) {
         s->what |= layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged;
     }
     s->flags &= ~mask;
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
index 01e865d..2b34a0f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@
     status_t status = OK;
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mListenersMutex);
+        if (mWindowInfosListeners.find(windowInfosListener) == mWindowInfosListeners.end()) {
+            return status;
+        }
+
         if (mWindowInfosListeners.size() == 1) {
             binder::Status s = surfaceComposer->removeWindowInfosListener(this);
             status = statusTFromBinderStatus(s);
diff --git a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/Conversion.cpp b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/Conversion.cpp
index 55462c3..9667954 100644
--- a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/Conversion.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/Conversion.cpp
@@ -725,12 +725,7 @@
     // These were written as uint8_t for alignment.
     uint8_t temp = 0;
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, temp);
-    size_t index = static_cast<size_t>(temp);
-    if (index >= ::android::FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    t->index = static_cast<uint32_t>(index);
-
+    t->index = static_cast<uint32_t>(temp);
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, temp);
     t->addPostCompositeCalled = static_cast<bool>(temp);
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, temp);
@@ -786,8 +781,7 @@
 status_t flatten(HGraphicBufferProducer::FrameEventsDelta const& t,
         void*& buffer, size_t& size, int*& fds, size_t numFds) {
     // Check that t.index is within a valid range.
-    if (t.index >= static_cast<uint32_t>(FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY)
-            || t.index > std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
+    if (t.index > UINT8_MAX || t.index < 0) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
@@ -887,8 +881,7 @@
 
     uint32_t deltaCount = 0;
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, deltaCount);
-    if (static_cast<size_t>(deltaCount) >
-            ::android::FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+    if (deltaCount > UINT8_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     t->deltas.resize(deltaCount);
@@ -919,7 +912,7 @@
 status_t flatten(
         HGraphicBufferProducer::FrameEventHistoryDelta const& t,
         void*& buffer, size_t& size, int*& fds, size_t& numFds) {
-    if (t.deltas.size() > ::android::FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+    if (t.deltas.size() > UINT8_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     if (size < getFlattenedSize(t)) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
index cee1b81..f684874 100644
--- a/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/bufferqueue/1.0/H2BGraphicBufferProducer.cpp
@@ -725,8 +725,7 @@
         std::vector<native_handle_t*>* nh,
         void*& buffer, size_t& size, int*& fds, size_t numFds) {
     // Check that t.index is within a valid range.
-    if (t.index >= static_cast<uint32_t>(FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY)
-            || t.index > std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
+    if (t.index > UINT8_MAX || t.index < 0) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
@@ -829,7 +828,7 @@
         HGraphicBufferProducer::FrameEventHistoryDelta const& t,
         std::vector<std::vector<native_handle_t*> >* nh,
         void*& buffer, size_t& size, int*& fds, size_t& numFds) {
-    if (t.deltas.size() > ::android::FrameEventHistory::MAX_FRAME_HISTORY) {
+    if (t.deltas.size() > UINT8_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     if (size < getFlattenedSize(t)) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
index b9e0647..69e9f8a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
                                nsecs_t dequeueReadyTime) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     void getConnectionEvents(uint64_t frameNumber, bool* needsDisconnect) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
+    void resizeFrameEventHistory(size_t newSize);
+
 protected:
     void onSidebandStreamChanged() override EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@
 
 private:
     friend class BLASTBufferQueueHelper;
+    friend class BBQBufferQueueProducer;
 
     // can't be copied
     BLASTBufferQueue& operator = (const BLASTBufferQueue& rhs);
@@ -130,6 +133,8 @@
     void createBufferQueue(sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* outProducer,
                            sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>* outConsumer);
 
+    void resizeFrameEventHistory(size_t newSize);
+
     status_t acquireNextBufferLocked(
             const std::optional<SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction*> transaction) REQUIRES(mMutex);
     Rect computeCrop(const BufferItem& item) REQUIRES(mMutex);
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BufferQueueProducer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BufferQueueProducer.h
index 0ad3075..1d13dab 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BufferQueueProducer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BufferQueueProducer.h
@@ -202,6 +202,11 @@
     // See IGraphicBufferProducer::setAutoPrerotation
     virtual status_t setAutoPrerotation(bool autoPrerotation);
 
+protected:
+    // see IGraphicsBufferProducer::setMaxDequeuedBufferCount, but with the ability to retrieve the
+    // total maximum buffer count for the buffer queue (dequeued AND acquired)
+    status_t setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(int maxDequeuedBuffers, int* maxBufferCount);
+
 private:
     // This is required by the IBinder::DeathRecipient interface
     virtual void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who);
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/FrameTimestamps.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/FrameTimestamps.h
index c08a9b1..3d1be4d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/FrameTimestamps.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/FrameTimestamps.h
@@ -97,9 +97,11 @@
     void checkFencesForCompletion();
     void dump(std::string& outString) const;
 
-    static const size_t MAX_FRAME_HISTORY;
+    static const size_t INITIAL_MAX_FRAME_HISTORY;
 
 protected:
+    void resize(size_t newSize);
+
     std::vector<FrameEvents> mFrames;
 
     CompositorTiming mCompositorTiming;
@@ -138,6 +140,8 @@
     virtual std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> createFenceTime(
             const sp<Fence>& fence) const;
 
+    void resize(size_t newSize);
+
     size_t mAcquireOffset{0};
 
     // The consumer updates it's timelines in Layer and SurfaceFlinger since
@@ -208,6 +212,8 @@
 
     void getAndResetDelta(FrameEventHistoryDelta* delta);
 
+    void resize(size_t newSize);
+
 private:
     void getFrameDelta(FrameEventHistoryDelta* delta,
                        const std::vector<FrameEvents>::iterator& frame);
@@ -250,6 +256,10 @@
     status_t unflatten(void const*& buffer, size_t& size, int const*& fds,
             size_t& count);
 
+    uint64_t getFrameNumber() const;
+    bool getLatchTime(nsecs_t* latchTime) const;
+    bool getDisplayPresentFence(sp<Fence>* fence) const;
+
 private:
     static constexpr size_t minFlattenedSize();
 
@@ -310,6 +320,9 @@
     status_t unflatten(void const*& buffer, size_t& size, int const*& fds,
             size_t& count);
 
+    std::vector<FrameEventsDelta>::const_iterator begin() const;
+    std::vector<FrameEventsDelta>::const_iterator end() const;
+
 private:
     static constexpr size_t minFlattenedSize();
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 29fb989..6e3be5c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
         // This is needed to maintain compatibility for SurfaceView scaling behavior.
         // See SurfaceView scaling behavior for more details.
         eIgnoreDestinationFrame = 0x400,
+        eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator = 0x800, // REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR
     };
 
     enum {
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index 133b260..53b22cb 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -151,10 +151,23 @@
 
 // --- InputEvent ---
 
+// Due to precision limitations when working with floating points, transforming - namely
+// scaling - floating points can lead to minute errors. We round transformed values to approximately
+// three decimal places so that values like 0.99997 show up as 1.0.
+inline float roundTransformedCoords(float val) {
+    // Use a power to two to approximate three decimal places to potentially reduce some cycles.
+    // This should be at least as precise as MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION.
+    return std::round(val * 1024.f) / 1024.f;
+}
+
+inline vec2 roundTransformedCoords(vec2 p) {
+    return {roundTransformedCoords(p.x), roundTransformedCoords(p.y)};
+}
+
 vec2 transformWithoutTranslation(const ui::Transform& transform, const vec2& xy) {
     const vec2 transformedXy = transform.transform(xy);
     const vec2 transformedOrigin = transform.transform(0, 0);
-    return transformedXy - transformedOrigin;
+    return roundTransformedCoords(transformedXy - transformedOrigin);
 }
 
 float transformAngle(const ui::Transform& transform, float angleRadians) {
@@ -606,12 +619,12 @@
 
 float MotionEvent::getXCursorPosition() const {
     vec2 vals = mTransform.transform(getRawXCursorPosition(), getRawYCursorPosition());
-    return vals.x;
+    return roundTransformedCoords(vals.x);
 }
 
 float MotionEvent::getYCursorPosition() const {
     vec2 vals = mTransform.transform(getRawXCursorPosition(), getRawYCursorPosition());
-    return vals.y;
+    return roundTransformedCoords(vals.y);
 }
 
 void MotionEvent::setCursorPosition(float x, float y) {
@@ -933,7 +946,7 @@
 static inline vec2 calculateTransformedXYUnchecked(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform& transform,
                                                    const vec2& xy) {
     return shouldDisregardOffset(source) ? transformWithoutTranslation(transform, xy)
-                                         : transform.transform(xy);
+                                         : roundTransformedCoords(transform.transform(xy));
 }
 
 vec2 MotionEvent::calculateTransformedXY(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform& transform,
diff --git a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
index 7d11ef2..b4151c6 100644
--- a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
-const char DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH[] = "/system/etc/motion_predictor_model.fb";
 const int64_t PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS =
         12500000 / 3; // TODO(b/266747937): Get this from the model.
 
@@ -62,48 +61,58 @@
 
 // --- MotionPredictor ---
 
-MotionPredictor::MotionPredictor(nsecs_t predictionTimestampOffsetNanos, const char* modelPath,
+MotionPredictor::MotionPredictor(nsecs_t predictionTimestampOffsetNanos,
                                  std::function<bool()> checkMotionPredictionEnabled)
       : mPredictionTimestampOffsetNanos(predictionTimestampOffsetNanos),
-        mModelPath(modelPath == nullptr ? DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH : modelPath),
         mCheckMotionPredictionEnabled(std::move(checkMotionPredictionEnabled)) {}
 
-void MotionPredictor::record(const MotionEvent& event) {
+android::base::Result<void> MotionPredictor::record(const MotionEvent& event) {
+    if (mLastEvent && mLastEvent->getDeviceId() != event.getDeviceId()) {
+        // We still have an active gesture for another device. The provided MotionEvent is not
+        // consistent the previous gesture.
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Inconsistent event stream: last event is " << *mLastEvent << ", but "
+                   << __func__ << " is called with " << event;
+        return android::base::Error()
+                << "Inconsistent event stream: still have an active gesture from device "
+                << mLastEvent->getDeviceId() << ", but received " << event;
+    }
     if (!isPredictionAvailable(event.getDeviceId(), event.getSource())) {
         ALOGE("Prediction not supported for device %d's %s source", event.getDeviceId(),
               inputEventSourceToString(event.getSource()).c_str());
-        return;
+        return {};
     }
 
     // Initialise the model now that it's likely to be used.
     if (!mModel) {
-        mModel = TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create(mModelPath.c_str());
+        mModel = TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create();
     }
 
-    TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers& buffers =
-            mDeviceBuffers.try_emplace(event.getDeviceId(), mModel->inputLength()).first->second;
+    if (mBuffers == nullptr) {
+        mBuffers = std::make_unique<TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers>(mModel->inputLength());
+    }
 
     const int32_t action = event.getActionMasked();
-    if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
+    if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP || action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
         ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "End of event stream");
-        buffers.reset();
-        return;
+        mBuffers->reset();
+        mLastEvent.reset();
+        return {};
     } else if (action != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN && action != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) {
         ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "Skipping unsupported %s action",
                  MotionEvent::actionToString(action).c_str());
-        return;
+        return {};
     }
 
     if (event.getPointerCount() != 1) {
         ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "Prediction not supported for multiple pointers");
-        return;
+        return {};
     }
 
     const int32_t toolType = event.getPointerProperties(0)->toolType;
     if (toolType != AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS) {
         ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "Prediction not supported for non-stylus tool: %s",
                  motionToolTypeToString(toolType));
-        return;
+        return {};
     }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i <= event.getHistorySize(); ++i) {
@@ -111,100 +120,98 @@
             continue;
         }
         const PointerCoords* coords = event.getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, i);
-        buffers.pushSample(event.getHistoricalEventTime(i),
-                           {
-                                   .position.x = coords->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
-                                   .position.y = coords->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
-                                   .pressure = event.getHistoricalPressure(0, i),
-                                   .tilt = event.getHistoricalAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TILT, 0,
-                                                                        i),
-                                   .orientation = event.getHistoricalOrientation(0, i),
-                           });
+        mBuffers->pushSample(event.getHistoricalEventTime(i),
+                             {
+                                     .position.x = coords->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
+                                     .position.y = coords->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                                     .pressure = event.getHistoricalPressure(0, i),
+                                     .tilt = event.getHistoricalAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TILT,
+                                                                          0, i),
+                                     .orientation = event.getHistoricalOrientation(0, i),
+                             });
     }
 
-    mLastEvents.try_emplace(event.getDeviceId())
-            .first->second.copyFrom(&event, /*keepHistory=*/false);
+    if (!mLastEvent) {
+        mLastEvent = MotionEvent();
+    }
+    mLastEvent->copyFrom(&event, /*keepHistory=*/false);
+    return {};
 }
 
-std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> MotionPredictor::predict(nsecs_t timestamp) {
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> predictions;
-
-    for (const auto& [deviceId, buffer] : mDeviceBuffers) {
-        if (!buffer.isReady()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mModel);
-        buffer.copyTo(*mModel);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mModel->invoke());
-
-        // Read out the predictions.
-        const std::span<const float> predictedR = mModel->outputR();
-        const std::span<const float> predictedPhi = mModel->outputPhi();
-        const std::span<const float> predictedPressure = mModel->outputPressure();
-
-        TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point axisFrom = buffer.axisFrom().position;
-        TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point axisTo = buffer.axisTo().position;
-
-        if (isDebug()) {
-            ALOGD("deviceId: %d", deviceId);
-            ALOGD("axisFrom: %f, %f", axisFrom.x, axisFrom.y);
-            ALOGD("axisTo: %f, %f", axisTo.x, axisTo.y);
-            ALOGD("mInputR: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputR(), ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("mInputPhi: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputPhi(), ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("mInputPressure: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputPressure(), ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("mInputTilt: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputTilt(), ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("mInputOrientation: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputOrientation(), ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("predictedR: %s", base::Join(predictedR, ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("predictedPhi: %s", base::Join(predictedPhi, ", ").c_str());
-            ALOGD("predictedPressure: %s", base::Join(predictedPressure, ", ").c_str());
-        }
-
-        const MotionEvent& event = mLastEvents[deviceId];
-        bool hasPredictions = false;
-        std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> prediction = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>();
-        int64_t predictionTime = buffer.lastTimestamp();
-        const int64_t futureTime = timestamp + mPredictionTimestampOffsetNanos;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < predictedR.size() && predictionTime <= futureTime; ++i) {
-            const TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point point =
-                    convertPrediction(axisFrom, axisTo, predictedR[i], predictedPhi[i]);
-            // TODO(b/266747654): Stop predictions if confidence is < some threshold.
-
-            ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "prediction %d: %f, %f", i, point.x, point.y);
-            PointerCoords coords;
-            coords.clear();
-            coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, point.x);
-            coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, point.y);
-            // TODO(b/266747654): Stop predictions if predicted pressure is < some threshold.
-            coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, predictedPressure[i]);
-
-            predictionTime += PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS;
-            if (i == 0) {
-                hasPredictions = true;
-                prediction->initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), event.getDeviceId(), event.getSource(),
-                                       event.getDisplayId(), INVALID_HMAC,
-                                       AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, event.getActionButton(),
-                                       event.getFlags(), event.getEdgeFlags(), event.getMetaState(),
-                                       event.getButtonState(), event.getClassification(),
-                                       event.getTransform(), event.getXPrecision(),
-                                       event.getYPrecision(), event.getRawXCursorPosition(),
-                                       event.getRawYCursorPosition(), event.getRawTransform(),
-                                       event.getDownTime(), predictionTime, event.getPointerCount(),
-                                       event.getPointerProperties(), &coords);
-            } else {
-                prediction->addSample(predictionTime, &coords);
-            }
-
-            axisFrom = axisTo;
-            axisTo = point;
-        }
-        // TODO(b/266747511): Interpolate to futureTime?
-        if (hasPredictions) {
-            predictions.push_back(std::move(prediction));
-        }
+std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> MotionPredictor::predict(nsecs_t timestamp) {
+    if (mBuffers == nullptr || !mBuffers->isReady()) {
+        return nullptr;
     }
-    return predictions;
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mModel);
+    mBuffers->copyTo(*mModel);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mModel->invoke());
+
+    // Read out the predictions.
+    const std::span<const float> predictedR = mModel->outputR();
+    const std::span<const float> predictedPhi = mModel->outputPhi();
+    const std::span<const float> predictedPressure = mModel->outputPressure();
+
+    TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point axisFrom = mBuffers->axisFrom().position;
+    TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point axisTo = mBuffers->axisTo().position;
+
+    if (isDebug()) {
+        ALOGD("axisFrom: %f, %f", axisFrom.x, axisFrom.y);
+        ALOGD("axisTo: %f, %f", axisTo.x, axisTo.y);
+        ALOGD("mInputR: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputR(), ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("mInputPhi: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputPhi(), ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("mInputPressure: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputPressure(), ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("mInputTilt: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputTilt(), ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("mInputOrientation: %s", base::Join(mModel->inputOrientation(), ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("predictedR: %s", base::Join(predictedR, ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("predictedPhi: %s", base::Join(predictedPhi, ", ").c_str());
+        ALOGD("predictedPressure: %s", base::Join(predictedPressure, ", ").c_str());
+    }
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mLastEvent);
+    const MotionEvent& event = *mLastEvent;
+    bool hasPredictions = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> prediction = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>();
+    int64_t predictionTime = mBuffers->lastTimestamp();
+    const int64_t futureTime = timestamp + mPredictionTimestampOffsetNanos;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < predictedR.size() && predictionTime <= futureTime; ++i) {
+        const TfLiteMotionPredictorSample::Point point =
+                convertPrediction(axisFrom, axisTo, predictedR[i], predictedPhi[i]);
+        // TODO(b/266747654): Stop predictions if confidence is < some threshold.
+
+        ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "prediction %d: %f, %f", i, point.x, point.y);
+        PointerCoords coords;
+        coords.clear();
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, point.x);
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, point.y);
+        // TODO(b/266747654): Stop predictions if predicted pressure is < some threshold.
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, predictedPressure[i]);
+
+        predictionTime += PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS;
+        if (i == 0) {
+            hasPredictions = true;
+            prediction->initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), event.getDeviceId(), event.getSource(),
+                                   event.getDisplayId(), INVALID_HMAC, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
+                                   event.getActionButton(), event.getFlags(), event.getEdgeFlags(),
+                                   event.getMetaState(), event.getButtonState(),
+                                   event.getClassification(), event.getTransform(),
+                                   event.getXPrecision(), event.getYPrecision(),
+                                   event.getRawXCursorPosition(), event.getRawYCursorPosition(),
+                                   event.getRawTransform(), event.getDownTime(), predictionTime,
+                                   event.getPointerCount(), event.getPointerProperties(), &coords);
+        } else {
+            prediction->addSample(predictionTime, &coords);
+        }
+
+        axisFrom = axisTo;
+        axisTo = point;
+    }
+    // TODO(b/266747511): Interpolate to futureTime?
+    if (!hasPredictions) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return prediction;
 }
 
 bool MotionPredictor::isPredictionAvailable(int32_t /*deviceId*/, int32_t source) {
diff --git a/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp b/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp
index 10510d6..691e87c 100644
--- a/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/mapped_file.h>
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_INPUT
@@ -60,6 +61,14 @@
 constexpr char OUTPUT_PHI[] = "phi";
 constexpr char OUTPUT_PRESSURE[] = "pressure";
 
+std::string getModelPath() {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    return "/system/etc/motion_predictor_model.fb";
+#else
+    return base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/motion_predictor_model.fb";
+#endif
+}
+
 // A TFLite ErrorReporter that logs to logcat.
 class LoggingErrorReporter : public tflite::ErrorReporter {
 public:
@@ -206,9 +215,9 @@
     mInputOrientation.pushBack(orientation);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create(
-        const char* modelPath) {
-    const int fd = open(modelPath, O_RDONLY);
+std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create() {
+    const std::string modelPath = getModelPath();
+    const int fd = open(modelPath.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
     if (fd == -1) {
         PLOG(FATAL) << "Could not read model from " << modelPath;
     }
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
index 8a6e983..81c23df 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 // Default display id.
 static constexpr int32_t DISPLAY_ID = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
 
+static constexpr float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
+
 class BaseTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 32> HMAC = {0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,
@@ -235,102 +237,110 @@
     static constexpr float RAW_X_OFFSET = 12;
     static constexpr float RAW_Y_OFFSET = -41.1;
 
+    void SetUp() override;
+
     int32_t mId;
     ui::Transform mTransform;
     ui::Transform mRawTransform;
+    PointerProperties mPointerProperties[2];
+    struct Sample {
+        PointerCoords pointerCoords[2];
+    };
+    std::array<Sample, 3> mSamples{};
 
     void initializeEventWithHistory(MotionEvent* event);
     void assertEqualsEventWithHistory(const MotionEvent* event);
 };
 
-void MotionEventTest::initializeEventWithHistory(MotionEvent* event) {
+void MotionEventTest::SetUp() {
     mId = InputEvent::nextId();
     mTransform.set({X_SCALE, 0, X_OFFSET, 0, Y_SCALE, Y_OFFSET, 0, 0, 1});
     mRawTransform.set({RAW_X_SCALE, 0, RAW_X_OFFSET, 0, RAW_Y_SCALE, RAW_Y_OFFSET, 0, 0, 1});
 
-    PointerProperties pointerProperties[2];
-    pointerProperties[0].clear();
-    pointerProperties[0].id = 1;
-    pointerProperties[0].toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER;
-    pointerProperties[1].clear();
-    pointerProperties[1].id = 2;
-    pointerProperties[1].toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS;
+    mPointerProperties[0].clear();
+    mPointerProperties[0].id = 1;
+    mPointerProperties[0].toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER;
+    mPointerProperties[1].clear();
+    mPointerProperties[1].id = 2;
+    mPointerProperties[1].toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS;
 
-    PointerCoords pointerCoords[2];
-    pointerCoords[0].clear();
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 10);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 11);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 12);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 13);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 14);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 15);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 16);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 17);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 18);
-    pointerCoords[0].isResampled = true;
-    pointerCoords[1].clear();
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 20);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 21);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 22);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 23);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 24);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 25);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 26);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 27);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 28);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].clear();
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 10);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 11);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 12);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 13);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 14);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 15);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 16);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 17);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 18);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[0].isResampled = true;
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].clear();
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 20);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 21);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 22);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 23);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 24);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 25);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 26);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 27);
+    mSamples[0].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 28);
+
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].clear();
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 110);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 111);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 112);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 113);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 114);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 115);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 116);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 117);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 118);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[0].isResampled = true;
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].clear();
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 120);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 121);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 122);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 123);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 124);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 125);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 126);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 127);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 128);
+    mSamples[1].pointerCoords[1].isResampled = true;
+
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].clear();
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 210);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 211);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 212);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 213);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 214);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 215);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 216);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 217);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 218);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].clear();
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 220);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 221);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 222);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 223);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 224);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 225);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 226);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 227);
+    mSamples[2].pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 228);
+}
+
+void MotionEventTest::initializeEventWithHistory(MotionEvent* event) {
     event->initialize(mId, 2, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID, HMAC,
                       AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED,
                       AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP, AMETA_ALT_ON, AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY,
                       MotionClassification::NONE, mTransform, 2.0f, 2.1f,
                       AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
                       mRawTransform, ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME, ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME, 2,
-                      pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
-
-    pointerCoords[0].clear();
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 110);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 111);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 112);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 113);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 114);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 115);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 116);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 117);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 118);
-    pointerCoords[0].isResampled = true;
-    pointerCoords[1].clear();
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 120);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 121);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 122);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 123);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 124);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 125);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 126);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 127);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 128);
-    pointerCoords[1].isResampled = true;
-    event->addSample(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 1, pointerCoords);
-
-    pointerCoords[0].clear();
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 210);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 211);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 212);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 213);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 214);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 215);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 216);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 217);
-    pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 218);
-    pointerCoords[1].clear();
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 220);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 221);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 222);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 223);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 224);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 225);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 226);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, 227);
-    pointerCoords[1].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 228);
-    event->addSample(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 2, pointerCoords);
+                      mPointerProperties, mSamples[0].pointerCoords);
+    event->addSample(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 1, mSamples[1].pointerCoords);
+    event->addSample(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 2, mSamples[2].pointerCoords);
 }
 
 void MotionEventTest::assertEqualsEventWithHistory(const MotionEvent* event) {
@@ -367,51 +377,65 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 1, event->getHistoricalEventTime(1));
     ASSERT_EQ(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 2, event->getEventTime());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(11, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(21, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(111, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(121, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(211, event->getRawPointerCoords(0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(221, event->getRawPointerCoords(1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    // Ensure the underlying PointerCoords are identical.
+    for (int sampleIdx = 0; sampleIdx < 3; sampleIdx++) {
+        for (int pointerIdx = 0; pointerIdx < 2; pointerIdx++) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(mSamples[sampleIdx].pointerCoords[pointerIdx],
+                      event->getSamplePointerCoords()[sampleIdx * 2 + pointerIdx]);
+        }
+    }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 11 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
-              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 21 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
-              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 111 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
-              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 121 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
-              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 221 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(11, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(21, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(111, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(121, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(211, event->getRawPointerCoords(0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(221, event->getRawPointerCoords(1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y), EPSILON);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 10 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 20 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 110 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 120 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getRawX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 220 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getRawX(1));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 11 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+                event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 21 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+                event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 111 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+                event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 121 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+                event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0),
+                EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 221 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1),
+                EPSILON);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 11 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 21 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 111 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 121 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawY(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 221 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawY(1));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_X_OFFSET + 10 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_X_OFFSET + 20 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_X_OFFSET + 110 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_X_OFFSET + 120 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getRawX(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_X_OFFSET + 220 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getRawX(1), EPSILON);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 10 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 20 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 110 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 120 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 210 * X_SCALE, event->getX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 220 * X_SCALE, event->getX(1));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 11 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 21 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 111 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 121 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawY(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 221 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawY(1), EPSILON);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET + 11 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET + 21 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET + 111 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET + 121 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET + 211 * Y_SCALE, event->getY(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET + 221 * Y_SCALE, event->getY(1));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(X_OFFSET + 10 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(0, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(X_OFFSET + 20 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(1, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(X_OFFSET + 110 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(0, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(X_OFFSET + 120 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(1, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(X_OFFSET + 210 * X_SCALE, event->getX(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(X_OFFSET + 220 * X_SCALE, event->getX(1), EPSILON);
+
+    ASSERT_NEAR(Y_OFFSET + 11 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(0, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(Y_OFFSET + 21 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(1, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(Y_OFFSET + 111 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(0, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(Y_OFFSET + 121 * Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalY(1, 1), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(Y_OFFSET + 211 * Y_SCALE, event->getY(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(Y_OFFSET + 221 * Y_SCALE, event->getY(1), EPSILON);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(12, event->getHistoricalPressure(0, 0));
     ASSERT_EQ(22, event->getHistoricalPressure(1, 0));
@@ -550,10 +574,10 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET * 2, event.getXOffset());
     ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET * 2, event.getYOffset());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ((RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ((RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawY(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ((X_OFFSET + 210 * X_SCALE) * 2, event.getX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ((Y_OFFSET + 211 * Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getY(0));
+    ASSERT_NEAR((RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawX(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR((RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawY(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR((X_OFFSET + 210 * X_SCALE) * 2, event.getX(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR((Y_OFFSET + 211 * Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getY(0), EPSILON);
     ASSERT_EQ(212, event.getPressure(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(213, event.getSize(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(214 * 2, event.getTouchMajor(0));
@@ -791,18 +815,18 @@
 
     // The x and y axes should have the window transform applied.
     const auto newPoint = transform.transform(60, 100);
-    ASSERT_EQ(newPoint.x, event.getX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(newPoint.y, event.getY(0));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(newPoint.x, event.getX(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(newPoint.y, event.getY(0), EPSILON);
 
     // The raw values should have the display transform applied.
     const auto raw = rawTransform.transform(60, 100);
-    ASSERT_EQ(raw.x, event.getRawX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(raw.y, event.getRawY(0));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(raw.x, event.getRawX(0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(raw.y, event.getRawY(0), EPSILON);
 
     // Relative values should have the window transform applied without any translation.
     const auto rel = transformWithoutTranslation(transform, 42, 96);
-    ASSERT_EQ(rel.x, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(rel.y, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
+    ASSERT_NEAR(rel.x, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0), EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(rel.y, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0), EPSILON);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, Initialize_SetsClassification) {
@@ -869,4 +893,42 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(4, event.getYCursorPosition());
 }
 
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, CoordinatesAreRoundedAppropriately) {
+    // These are specifically integral values, since we are testing for rounding.
+    const vec2 EXPECTED{400.f, 700.f};
+
+    // Pick a transform such that transforming the point with its inverse and bringing that
+    // back to the original coordinate space results in a non-zero error amount due to the
+    // nature of floating point arithmetics. This can happen when the display is scaled.
+    // For example, the 'adb shell wm size' command can be used to set an override for the
+    // logical display size, which could result in the display being scaled.
+    constexpr float scale = 720.f / 1080.f;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set(scale, 0, 0, scale);
+    ASSERT_NE(EXPECTED, transform.transform(transform.inverse().transform(EXPECTED)));
+
+    // Store the inverse-transformed values in the motion event.
+    const vec2 rawCoords = transform.inverse().transform(EXPECTED);
+    PointerCoords pc{};
+    pc.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, rawCoords.x);
+    pc.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, rawCoords.y);
+    PointerProperties pp{};
+    MotionEvent event;
+    event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), 2, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, DISPLAY_ID, HMAC,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP, AMETA_ALT_ON, AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY,
+                     MotionClassification::NONE, transform, 2.0f, 2.1f, rawCoords.x, rawCoords.y,
+                     transform, ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME, ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME, 1, &pp, &pc);
+
+    // When using the getters from the MotionEvent to obtain the coordinates, the transformed
+    // values should be rounded by an appropriate amount so that they now precisely equal the
+    // original coordinates.
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED.x, event.getX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED.y, event.getY(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED.x, event.getRawX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED.y, event.getRawY(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED.x, event.getXCursorPosition());
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED.y, event.getYCursorPosition());
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
index 70e4fda..57606e8 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+constexpr static float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
+
 class InputPublisherAndConsumerTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> mServerChannel, mClientChannel;
@@ -226,10 +228,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(yOffset, motionEvent->getYOffset());
     EXPECT_EQ(xPrecision, motionEvent->getXPrecision());
     EXPECT_EQ(yPrecision, motionEvent->getYPrecision());
-    EXPECT_EQ(xCursorPosition, motionEvent->getRawXCursorPosition());
-    EXPECT_EQ(yCursorPosition, motionEvent->getRawYCursorPosition());
-    EXPECT_EQ(xCursorPosition * xScale + xOffset, motionEvent->getXCursorPosition());
-    EXPECT_EQ(yCursorPosition * yScale + yOffset, motionEvent->getYCursorPosition());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(xCursorPosition, motionEvent->getRawXCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(yCursorPosition, motionEvent->getRawYCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(xCursorPosition * xScale + xOffset, motionEvent->getXCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(yCursorPosition * yScale + yOffset, motionEvent->getYCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
     EXPECT_EQ(rawTransform, motionEvent->getRawTransform());
     EXPECT_EQ(downTime, motionEvent->getDownTime());
     EXPECT_EQ(eventTime, motionEvent->getEventTime());
@@ -242,10 +244,12 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(pointerProperties[i].toolType, motionEvent->getToolType(i));
 
         const auto& pc = pointerCoords[i];
-        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getX() * rawXScale + rawXOffset, motionEvent->getRawX(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getY() * rawYScale + rawYOffset, motionEvent->getRawY(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getX() * xScale + xOffset, motionEvent->getX(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getY() * yScale + yOffset, motionEvent->getY(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc, motionEvent->getSamplePointerCoords()[i]);
+
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getX() * rawXScale + rawXOffset, motionEvent->getRawX(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getY() * rawYScale + rawYOffset, motionEvent->getRawY(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getX() * xScale + xOffset, motionEvent->getX(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getY() * yScale + yOffset, motionEvent->getY(i), EPSILON);
         EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE), motionEvent->getPressure(i));
         EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE), motionEvent->getSize(i));
         EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR), motionEvent->getTouchMajor(i));
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictor_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictor_test.cpp
index ce87c86..c61efbf 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictor_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictor_test.cpp
@@ -30,13 +30,6 @@
 using ::testing::SizeIs;
 using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
 
-const char MODEL_PATH[] =
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-        "/system/etc/motion_predictor_model.fb";
-#else
-        "motion_predictor_model.fb";
-#endif
-
 constexpr int32_t DOWN = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
 constexpr int32_t MOVE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
 constexpr int32_t UP = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP;
@@ -73,83 +66,74 @@
 }
 
 TEST(MotionPredictorTest, IsPredictionAvailable) {
-    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0, MODEL_PATH,
+    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0,
                               []() { return true /*enable prediction*/; });
     ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.isPredictionAvailable(/*deviceId=*/1, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS));
     ASSERT_FALSE(predictor.isPredictionAvailable(/*deviceId=*/1, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN));
 }
 
 TEST(MotionPredictorTest, Offset) {
-    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/1, MODEL_PATH,
+    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/1,
                               []() { return true /*enable prediction*/; });
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 0, 1, 30ms));
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 0, 2, 35ms));
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> predicted = predictor.predict(40 * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, predicted.size());
-    ASSERT_GE(predicted[0]->getEventTime(), 41);
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> predicted = predictor.predict(40 * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, predicted);
+    ASSERT_GE(predicted->getEventTime(), 41);
 }
 
 TEST(MotionPredictorTest, FollowsGesture) {
-    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0, MODEL_PATH,
+    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0,
                               []() { return true /*enable prediction*/; });
 
     // MOVE without a DOWN is ignored.
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 1, 3, 10ms));
-    EXPECT_THAT(predictor.predict(20 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), IsEmpty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, predictor.predict(20 * NSEC_PER_MSEC));
 
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 2, 5, 20ms));
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 2, 7, 30ms));
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 3, 9, 40ms));
-    EXPECT_THAT(predictor.predict(50 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), SizeIs(1));
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, predictor.predict(50 * NSEC_PER_MSEC));
 
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(UP, 4, 11, 50ms));
-    EXPECT_THAT(predictor.predict(20 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), IsEmpty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, predictor.predict(20 * NSEC_PER_MSEC));
 }
 
-TEST(MotionPredictorTest, MultipleDevicesTracked) {
-    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0, MODEL_PATH,
+TEST(MotionPredictorTest, MultipleDevicesNotSupported) {
+    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0,
                               []() { return true /*enable prediction*/; });
 
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 1, 3, 0ms, /*deviceId=*/0));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 1, 3, 10ms, /*deviceId=*/0));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 2, 5, 20ms, /*deviceId=*/0));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 3, 7, 30ms, /*deviceId=*/0));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 1, 3, 0ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 1, 3, 10ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 2, 5, 20ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 3, 7, 30ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
 
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 100, 300, 0ms, /*deviceId=*/1));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 100, 300, 10ms, /*deviceId=*/1));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 200, 500, 20ms, /*deviceId=*/1));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 300, 700, 30ms, /*deviceId=*/1));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 100, 300, 40ms, /*deviceId=*/1)).ok());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 100, 300, 50ms, /*deviceId=*/1)).ok());
+}
 
-    {
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> predicted = predictor.predict(40 * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
-        ASSERT_EQ(2u, predicted.size());
+TEST(MotionPredictorTest, IndividualGesturesFromDifferentDevicesAreSupported) {
+    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0,
+                              []() { return true /*enable prediction*/; });
 
-        // Order of the returned vector is not guaranteed.
-        std::vector<int32_t> seenDeviceIds;
-        for (const auto& prediction : predicted) {
-            seenDeviceIds.push_back(prediction->getDeviceId());
-        }
-        EXPECT_THAT(seenDeviceIds, UnorderedElementsAre(0, 1));
-    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 1, 3, 0ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 1, 3, 10ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 2, 5, 20ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(UP, 2, 5, 30ms, /*deviceId=*/0)).ok());
 
-    // End the gesture for device 0.
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(UP, 4, 9, 40ms, /*deviceId=*/0));
-    predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 400, 900, 40ms, /*deviceId=*/1));
-
-    {
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> predicted = predictor.predict(40 * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
-        ASSERT_EQ(1u, predicted.size());
-        ASSERT_EQ(predicted[0]->getDeviceId(), 1);
-    }
+    // Now, send a gesture from a different device. Since we have no active gesture, the new gesture
+    // should be processed correctly.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 100, 300, 40ms, /*deviceId=*/1)).ok());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 100, 300, 50ms, /*deviceId=*/1)).ok());
 }
 
 TEST(MotionPredictorTest, FlagDisablesPrediction) {
-    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0, MODEL_PATH,
+    MotionPredictor predictor(/*predictionTimestampOffsetNanos=*/0,
                               []() { return false /*disable prediction*/; });
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(DOWN, 0, 1, 30ms));
     predictor.record(getMotionEvent(MOVE, 0, 1, 35ms));
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> predicted = predictor.predict(40 * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0u, predicted.size());
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> predicted = predictor.predict(40 * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, predicted);
     ASSERT_FALSE(predictor.isPredictionAvailable(/*deviceId=*/1, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS));
     ASSERT_FALSE(predictor.isPredictionAvailable(/*deviceId=*/1, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN));
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp
index 454f2aa..6e76ac1 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <string>
 
-#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <input/TfLiteMotionPredictor.h>
@@ -33,14 +32,6 @@
 using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 using ::testing::FloatNear;
 
-std::string getModelPath() {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-    return "/system/etc/motion_predictor_model.fb";
-#else
-    return base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/motion_predictor_model.fb";
-#endif
-}
-
 TEST(TfLiteMotionPredictorTest, BuffersReadiness) {
     TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers buffers(/*inputLength=*/5);
     ASSERT_FALSE(buffers.isReady());
@@ -92,8 +83,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(TfLiteMotionPredictorTest, BuffersCopyTo) {
-    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> model =
-            TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create(getModelPath().c_str());
+    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> model = TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create();
     TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers buffers(model->inputLength());
 
     buffers.pushSample(/*timestamp=*/1,
@@ -137,8 +127,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(TfLiteMotionPredictorTest, ModelInputOutputLength) {
-    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> model =
-            TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create(getModelPath().c_str());
+    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> model = TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create();
     ASSERT_GT(model->inputLength(), 0u);
 
     const int inputLength = model->inputLength();
@@ -155,8 +144,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(TfLiteMotionPredictorTest, ModelOutput) {
-    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> model =
-            TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create(getModelPath().c_str());
+    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteMotionPredictorModel> model = TfLiteMotionPredictorModel::create();
     TfLiteMotionPredictorBuffers buffers(model->inputLength());
 
     buffers.pushSample(/*timestamp=*/1, {.position = {.x = 100, .y = 200}, .pressure = 0.2});
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
index 0c03ede..b470f35 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     srcs: [
+        "icc.cpp",
         "jpegr.cpp",
         "recoverymapmath.cpp",
         "jpegrutils.cpp",
@@ -43,8 +44,6 @@
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
     ],
-
-    static_libs: ["libskia"],
 }
 
 cc_library {
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/icc.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/icc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5412cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/icc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/icc.h>
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#ifndef FLT_MAX
+#define FLT_MAX 0x1.fffffep127f
+#endif
+
+namespace android::jpegrecoverymap {
+static void Matrix3x3_apply(const Matrix3x3* m, float* x) {
+    float y0 = x[0] * m->vals[0][0] + x[1] * m->vals[0][1] + x[2] * m->vals[0][2];
+    float y1 = x[0] * m->vals[1][0] + x[1] * m->vals[1][1] + x[2] * m->vals[1][2];
+    float y2 = x[0] * m->vals[2][0] + x[1] * m->vals[2][1] + x[2] * m->vals[2][2];
+    x[0] = y0;
+    x[1] = y1;
+    x[2] = y2;
+}
+
+bool Matrix3x3_invert(const Matrix3x3* src, Matrix3x3* dst) {
+    double a00 = src->vals[0][0],
+           a01 = src->vals[1][0],
+           a02 = src->vals[2][0],
+           a10 = src->vals[0][1],
+           a11 = src->vals[1][1],
+           a12 = src->vals[2][1],
+           a20 = src->vals[0][2],
+           a21 = src->vals[1][2],
+           a22 = src->vals[2][2];
+
+    double b0 = a00*a11 - a01*a10,
+           b1 = a00*a12 - a02*a10,
+           b2 = a01*a12 - a02*a11,
+           b3 = a20,
+           b4 = a21,
+           b5 = a22;
+
+    double determinant = b0*b5
+                       - b1*b4
+                       + b2*b3;
+
+    if (determinant == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    double invdet = 1.0 / determinant;
+    if (invdet > +FLT_MAX || invdet < -FLT_MAX || !isfinitef_((float)invdet)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    b0 *= invdet;
+    b1 *= invdet;
+    b2 *= invdet;
+    b3 *= invdet;
+    b4 *= invdet;
+    b5 *= invdet;
+
+    dst->vals[0][0] = (float)( a11*b5 - a12*b4 );
+    dst->vals[1][0] = (float)( a02*b4 - a01*b5 );
+    dst->vals[2][0] = (float)(        +     b2 );
+    dst->vals[0][1] = (float)( a12*b3 - a10*b5 );
+    dst->vals[1][1] = (float)( a00*b5 - a02*b3 );
+    dst->vals[2][1] = (float)(        -     b1 );
+    dst->vals[0][2] = (float)( a10*b4 - a11*b3 );
+    dst->vals[1][2] = (float)( a01*b3 - a00*b4 );
+    dst->vals[2][2] = (float)(        +     b0 );
+
+    for (int r = 0; r < 3; ++r)
+    for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
+        if (!isfinitef_(dst->vals[r][c])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static Matrix3x3 Matrix3x3_concat(const Matrix3x3* A, const Matrix3x3* B) {
+    Matrix3x3 m = { { { 0,0,0 },{ 0,0,0 },{ 0,0,0 } } };
+    for (int r = 0; r < 3; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++) {
+            m.vals[r][c] = A->vals[r][0] * B->vals[0][c]
+                         + A->vals[r][1] * B->vals[1][c]
+                         + A->vals[r][2] * B->vals[2][c];
+        }
+    return m;
+}
+
+static void float_XYZD50_to_grid16_lab(const float* xyz_float, uint8_t* grid16_lab) {
+    float v[3] = {
+            xyz_float[0] / kD50_x,
+            xyz_float[1] / kD50_y,
+            xyz_float[2] / kD50_z,
+    };
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        v[i] = v[i] > 0.008856f ? cbrtf(v[i]) : v[i] * 7.787f + (16 / 116.0f);
+    }
+    const float L = v[1] * 116.0f - 16.0f;
+    const float a = (v[0] - v[1]) * 500.0f;
+    const float b = (v[1] - v[2]) * 200.0f;
+    const float Lab_unorm[3] = {
+            L * (1 / 100.f),
+            (a + 128.0f) * (1 / 255.0f),
+            (b + 128.0f) * (1 / 255.0f),
+    };
+    // This will encode L=1 as 0xFFFF. This matches how skcms will interpret the
+    // table, but the spec appears to indicate that the value should be 0xFF00.
+    // https://crbug.com/skia/13807
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(grid16_lab)[i] =
+                Endian_SwapBE16(float_round_to_unorm16(Lab_unorm[i]));
+    }
+}
+
+std::string IccHelper::get_desc_string(const jpegr_transfer_function tf,
+                                       const jpegr_color_gamut gamut) {
+    std::string result;
+    switch (gamut) {
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+            result += "sRGB";
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+            result += "Display P3";
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+            result += "Rec2020";
+            break;
+        default:
+            result += "Unknown";
+            break;
+    }
+    result += " Gamut with ";
+    switch (tf) {
+        case JPEGR_TF_SRGB:
+            result += "sRGB";
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_TF_LINEAR:
+            result += "Linear";
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_TF_PQ:
+            result += "PQ";
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_TF_HLG:
+            result += "HLG";
+            break;
+        default:
+            result += "Unknown";
+            break;
+    }
+    result += " Transfer";
+    return result;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_text_tag(const char* text) {
+    uint32_t text_length = strlen(text);
+    uint32_t header[] = {
+            Endian_SwapBE32(kTAG_TextType),                         // Type signature
+            0,                                                      // Reserved
+            Endian_SwapBE32(1),                                     // Number of records
+            Endian_SwapBE32(12),                                    // Record size (must be 12)
+            Endian_SwapBE32(SetFourByteTag('e', 'n', 'U', 'S')),    // English USA
+            Endian_SwapBE32(2 * text_length),                       // Length of string in bytes
+            Endian_SwapBE32(28),                                    // Offset of string
+    };
+
+    uint32_t total_length = text_length * 2 + sizeof(header);
+    total_length = (((total_length + 2) >> 2) << 2);  // 4 aligned
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(total_length);
+
+    if (!dataStruct->write(header, sizeof(header))) {
+        ALOGE("write_text_tag(): error in writing data");
+        return dataStruct;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < text_length; i++) {
+        // Convert ASCII to big-endian UTF-16.
+        dataStruct->write8(0);
+        dataStruct->write8(text[i]);
+    }
+
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_xyz_tag(float x, float y, float z) {
+    uint32_t data[] = {
+            Endian_SwapBE32(kXYZ_PCSSpace),
+            0,
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(x))),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(y))),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(z))),
+    };
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(sizeof(data));
+    dataStruct->write(&data, sizeof(data));
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_trc_tag(const int table_entries, const void* table_16) {
+    int total_length = 4 + 4 + 4 + table_entries * 2;
+    total_length = (((total_length + 2) >> 2) << 2);  // 4 aligned
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(total_length);
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(kTAG_CurveType));     // Type
+    dataStruct->write32(0);                                     // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(table_entries));  // Value count
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < table_entries; ++i) {
+        uint16_t value = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(table_16)[i];
+        dataStruct->write16(value);
+    }
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_trc_tag_for_linear() {
+    int total_length = 16;
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(total_length);
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(kTAG_ParaCurveType));  // Type
+    dataStruct->write32(0);                                      // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE16(kExponential_ParaCurveType));
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(1.0)));
+
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+float IccHelper::compute_tone_map_gain(const jpegr_transfer_function tf, float L) {
+    if (L <= 0.f) {
+        return 1.f;
+    }
+    if (tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+        // The PQ transfer function will map to the range [0, 1]. Linearly scale
+        // it up to the range [0, 10,000/203]. We will then tone map that back
+        // down to [0, 1].
+        constexpr float kInputMaxLuminance = 10000 / 203.f;
+        constexpr float kOutputMaxLuminance = 1.0;
+        L *= kInputMaxLuminance;
+
+        // Compute the tone map gain which will tone map from 10,000/203 to 1.0.
+        constexpr float kToneMapA = kOutputMaxLuminance / (kInputMaxLuminance * kInputMaxLuminance);
+        constexpr float kToneMapB = 1.f / kOutputMaxLuminance;
+        return kInputMaxLuminance * (1.f + kToneMapA * L) / (1.f + kToneMapB * L);
+    }
+    if (tf == JPEGR_TF_HLG) {
+        // Let Lw be the brightness of the display in nits.
+        constexpr float Lw = 203.f;
+        const float gamma = 1.2f + 0.42f * std::log(Lw / 1000.f) / std::log(10.f);
+        return std::pow(L, gamma - 1.f);
+    }
+    return 1.f;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_cicp_tag(uint32_t color_primaries,
+                                         uint32_t transfer_characteristics) {
+    int total_length = 12;  // 4 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(total_length);
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(kTAG_cicp));    // Type signature
+    dataStruct->write32(0);                             // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write8(color_primaries);                // Color primaries
+    dataStruct->write8(transfer_characteristics);       // Transfer characteristics
+    dataStruct->write8(0);                              // RGB matrix
+    dataStruct->write8(1);                              // Full range
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+void IccHelper::compute_lut_entry(const Matrix3x3& src_to_XYZD50, float rgb[3]) {
+    // Compute the matrices to convert from source to Rec2020, and from Rec2020 to XYZD50.
+    Matrix3x3 src_to_rec2020;
+    const Matrix3x3 rec2020_to_XYZD50 = kRec2020;
+    {
+        Matrix3x3 XYZD50_to_rec2020;
+        Matrix3x3_invert(&rec2020_to_XYZD50, &XYZD50_to_rec2020);
+        src_to_rec2020 = Matrix3x3_concat(&XYZD50_to_rec2020, &src_to_XYZD50);
+    }
+
+    // Convert the source signal to linear.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+        rgb[i] = pqOetf(rgb[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Convert source gamut to Rec2020.
+    Matrix3x3_apply(&src_to_rec2020, rgb);
+
+    // Compute the luminance of the signal.
+    float L = bt2100Luminance({{{rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]}}});
+
+    // Compute the tone map gain based on the luminance.
+    float tone_map_gain = compute_tone_map_gain(JPEGR_TF_PQ, L);
+
+    // Apply the tone map gain.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+        rgb[i] *= tone_map_gain;
+    }
+
+    // Convert from Rec2020-linear to XYZD50.
+    Matrix3x3_apply(&rec2020_to_XYZD50, rgb);
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_clut(const uint8_t* grid_points, const uint8_t* grid_16) {
+    uint32_t value_count = kNumChannels;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+        value_count *= grid_points[i];
+    }
+
+    int total_length = 20 + 2 * value_count;
+    total_length = (((total_length + 2) >> 2) << 2);  // 4 aligned
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(total_length);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+        dataStruct->write8(i < kNumChannels ? grid_points[i] : 0);  // Grid size
+    }
+    dataStruct->write8(2);  // Grid byte width (always 16-bit)
+    dataStruct->write8(0);  // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write8(0);  // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write8(0);  // Reserved
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < value_count; ++i) {
+        uint16_t value = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(grid_16)[i];
+        dataStruct->write16(value);
+    }
+
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::write_mAB_or_mBA_tag(uint32_t type,
+                                               bool has_a_curves,
+                                               const uint8_t* grid_points,
+                                               const uint8_t* grid_16) {
+    const size_t b_curves_offset = 32;
+    sp<DataStruct> b_curves_data[kNumChannels];
+    sp<DataStruct> a_curves_data[kNumChannels];
+    size_t clut_offset = 0;
+    sp<DataStruct> clut;
+    size_t a_curves_offset = 0;
+
+    // The "B" curve is required.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+        b_curves_data[i] = write_trc_tag_for_linear();
+    }
+
+    // The "A" curve and CLUT are optional.
+    if (has_a_curves) {
+        clut_offset = b_curves_offset;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+            clut_offset += b_curves_data[i]->getLength();
+        }
+        clut = write_clut(grid_points, grid_16);
+
+        a_curves_offset = clut_offset + clut->getLength();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+            a_curves_data[i] = write_trc_tag_for_linear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    int total_length = b_curves_offset;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+        total_length += b_curves_data[i]->getLength();
+    }
+    if (has_a_curves) {
+        total_length += clut->getLength();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+            total_length += a_curves_data[i]->getLength();
+        }
+    }
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(total_length);
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(type));             // Type signature
+    dataStruct->write32(0);                                 // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write8(kNumChannels);                       // Input channels
+    dataStruct->write8(kNumChannels);                       // Output channels
+    dataStruct->write16(0);                                 // Reserved
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(b_curves_offset));  // B curve offset
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(0));                // Matrix offset (ignored)
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(0));                // M curve offset (ignored)
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(clut_offset));      // CLUT offset
+    dataStruct->write32(Endian_SwapBE32(a_curves_offset));  // A curve offset
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+        if (dataStruct->write(b_curves_data[i]->getData(), b_curves_data[i]->getLength())) {
+            return dataStruct;
+        }
+    }
+    if (has_a_curves) {
+        dataStruct->write(clut->getData(), clut->getLength());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+            dataStruct->write(a_curves_data[i]->getData(), a_curves_data[i]->getLength());
+        }
+    }
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+sp<DataStruct> IccHelper::writeIccProfile(jpegr_transfer_function tf, jpegr_color_gamut gamut) {
+    ICCHeader header;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, sp<DataStruct>>> tags;
+
+    // Compute profile description tag
+    std::string desc = get_desc_string(tf, gamut);
+
+    tags.emplace_back(kTAG_desc, write_text_tag(desc.c_str()));
+
+    Matrix3x3 toXYZD50;
+    switch (gamut) {
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+            toXYZD50 = kSRGB;
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+            toXYZD50 = kDisplayP3;
+            break;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+            toXYZD50 = kRec2020;
+            break;
+        default:
+            // Should not fall here.
+            return new DataStruct(0);
+    }
+
+    // Compute primaries.
+    {
+        tags.emplace_back(kTAG_rXYZ,
+                write_xyz_tag(toXYZD50.vals[0][0], toXYZD50.vals[1][0], toXYZD50.vals[2][0]));
+        tags.emplace_back(kTAG_gXYZ,
+                write_xyz_tag(toXYZD50.vals[0][1], toXYZD50.vals[1][1], toXYZD50.vals[2][1]));
+        tags.emplace_back(kTAG_bXYZ,
+                write_xyz_tag(toXYZD50.vals[0][2], toXYZD50.vals[1][2], toXYZD50.vals[2][2]));
+    }
+
+    // Compute white point tag (must be D50)
+    tags.emplace_back(kTAG_wtpt, write_xyz_tag(kD50_x, kD50_y, kD50_z));
+
+    // Compute transfer curves.
+    if (tf != JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+        if (tf == JPEGR_TF_HLG) {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> trc_table;
+            trc_table.resize(kTrcTableSize * 2);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kTrcTableSize; ++i) {
+                float x = i / (kTrcTableSize - 1.f);
+                float y = hlgOetf(x);
+                y *= compute_tone_map_gain(tf, y);
+                float_to_table16(y, &trc_table[2 * i]);
+            }
+
+            tags.emplace_back(kTAG_rTRC,
+                    write_trc_tag(kTrcTableSize, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(trc_table.data())));
+            tags.emplace_back(kTAG_gTRC,
+                    write_trc_tag(kTrcTableSize, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(trc_table.data())));
+            tags.emplace_back(kTAG_bTRC,
+                    write_trc_tag(kTrcTableSize, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(trc_table.data())));
+        } else {
+            tags.emplace_back(kTAG_rTRC, write_trc_tag_for_linear());
+            tags.emplace_back(kTAG_gTRC, write_trc_tag_for_linear());
+            tags.emplace_back(kTAG_bTRC, write_trc_tag_for_linear());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Compute CICP.
+    if (tf == JPEGR_TF_HLG || tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+        // The CICP tag is present in ICC 4.4, so update the header's version.
+        header.version = Endian_SwapBE32(0x04400000);
+
+        uint32_t color_primaries = 0;
+        if (gamut == JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709) {
+            color_primaries = kCICPPrimariesSRGB;
+        } else if (gamut == JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3) {
+            color_primaries = kCICPPrimariesP3;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t transfer_characteristics = 0;
+        if (tf == JPEGR_TF_SRGB) {
+            transfer_characteristics = kCICPTrfnSRGB;
+        } else if (tf == JPEGR_TF_LINEAR) {
+            transfer_characteristics = kCICPTrfnLinear;
+        } else if (tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+            transfer_characteristics = kCICPTrfnPQ;
+        } else if (tf == JPEGR_TF_HLG) {
+            transfer_characteristics = kCICPTrfnHLG;
+        }
+        tags.emplace_back(kTAG_cicp, write_cicp_tag(color_primaries, transfer_characteristics));
+    }
+
+    // Compute A2B0.
+    if (tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> a2b_grid;
+        a2b_grid.resize(kGridSize * kGridSize * kGridSize * kNumChannels * 2);
+        size_t a2b_grid_index = 0;
+        for (uint32_t r_index = 0; r_index < kGridSize; ++r_index) {
+            for (uint32_t g_index = 0; g_index < kGridSize; ++g_index) {
+                for (uint32_t b_index = 0; b_index < kGridSize; ++b_index) {
+                    float rgb[3] = {
+                            r_index / (kGridSize - 1.f),
+                            g_index / (kGridSize - 1.f),
+                            b_index / (kGridSize - 1.f),
+                    };
+                    compute_lut_entry(toXYZD50, rgb);
+                    float_XYZD50_to_grid16_lab(rgb, &a2b_grid[a2b_grid_index]);
+                    a2b_grid_index += 6;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        const uint8_t* grid_16 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(a2b_grid.data());
+
+        uint8_t grid_points[kNumChannels];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumChannels; ++i) {
+            grid_points[i] = kGridSize;
+        }
+
+        auto a2b_data = write_mAB_or_mBA_tag(kTAG_mABType,
+                                             /* has_a_curves */ true,
+                                             grid_points,
+                                             grid_16);
+        tags.emplace_back(kTAG_A2B0, std::move(a2b_data));
+    }
+
+    // Compute B2A0.
+    if (tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+        auto b2a_data = write_mAB_or_mBA_tag(kTAG_mBAType,
+                                             /* has_a_curves */ false,
+                                             /* grid_points */ nullptr,
+                                             /* grid_16 */ nullptr);
+        tags.emplace_back(kTAG_B2A0, std::move(b2a_data));
+    }
+
+    // Compute copyright tag
+    tags.emplace_back(kTAG_cprt, write_text_tag("Google Inc. 2022"));
+
+    // Compute the size of the profile.
+    size_t tag_data_size = 0;
+    for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+        tag_data_size += tag.second->getLength();
+    }
+    size_t tag_table_size = kICCTagTableEntrySize * tags.size();
+    size_t profile_size = kICCHeaderSize + tag_table_size + tag_data_size;
+
+    // Write the header.
+    header.data_color_space = Endian_SwapBE32(Signature_RGB);
+    header.pcs = Endian_SwapBE32(tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ ? Signature_Lab : Signature_XYZ);
+    header.size = Endian_SwapBE32(profile_size);
+    header.tag_count = Endian_SwapBE32(tags.size());
+
+    sp<DataStruct> dataStruct = new DataStruct(profile_size);
+    if (!dataStruct->write(&header, sizeof(header))) {
+        ALOGE("writeIccProfile(): error in header");
+        return dataStruct;
+    }
+
+    // Write the tag table. Track the offset and size of the previous tag to
+    // compute each tag's offset. An empty SkData indicates that the previous
+    // tag is to be reused.
+    uint32_t last_tag_offset = sizeof(header) + tag_table_size;
+    uint32_t last_tag_size = 0;
+    for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+        last_tag_offset = last_tag_offset + last_tag_size;
+        last_tag_size = tag.second->getLength();
+        uint32_t tag_table_entry[3] = {
+                Endian_SwapBE32(tag.first),
+                Endian_SwapBE32(last_tag_offset),
+                Endian_SwapBE32(last_tag_size),
+        };
+        if (!dataStruct->write(tag_table_entry, sizeof(tag_table_entry))) {
+            ALOGE("writeIccProfile(): error in writing tag table");
+            return dataStruct;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write the tags.
+    for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+        if (!dataStruct->write(tag.second->getData(), tag.second->getLength())) {
+            ALOGE("writeIccProfile(): error in writing tags");
+            return dataStruct;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return dataStruct;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::jpegrecoverymap
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/icc.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/icc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a81aa62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/icc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_ICC_H
+#define ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_ICC_H
+
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.h>
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <string>
+
+#ifdef USE_BIG_ENDIAN
+#undef USE_BIG_ENDIAN
+#define USE_BIG_ENDIAN true
+#endif
+
+namespace android::jpegrecoverymap {
+
+typedef int32_t              Fixed;
+#define Fixed1               (1 << 16)
+#define MaxS32FitsInFloat    2147483520
+#define MinS32FitsInFloat    (-MaxS32FitsInFloat)
+#define FixedToFloat(x)      ((x) * 1.52587890625e-5f)
+
+typedef struct Matrix3x3 {
+    float vals[3][3];
+} Matrix3x3;
+
+// The D50 illuminant.
+constexpr float kD50_x = 0.9642f;
+constexpr float kD50_y = 1.0000f;
+constexpr float kD50_z = 0.8249f;
+
+enum {
+    // data_color_space
+    Signature_CMYK = 0x434D594B,
+    Signature_Gray = 0x47524159,
+    Signature_RGB  = 0x52474220,
+
+    // pcs
+    Signature_Lab  = 0x4C616220,
+    Signature_XYZ  = 0x58595A20,
+};
+
+
+typedef uint32_t FourByteTag;
+static inline constexpr FourByteTag SetFourByteTag(char a, char b, char c, char d) {
+    return (((uint32_t)a << 24) | ((uint32_t)b << 16) | ((uint32_t)c << 8) | (uint32_t)d);
+}
+
+// This is equal to the header size according to the ICC specification (128)
+// plus the size of the tag count (4).  We include the tag count since we
+// always require it to be present anyway.
+static constexpr size_t kICCHeaderSize = 132;
+
+// Contains a signature (4), offset (4), and size (4).
+static constexpr size_t kICCTagTableEntrySize = 12;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kDisplay_Profile    = SetFourByteTag('m', 'n', 't', 'r');
+static constexpr uint32_t kRGB_ColorSpace     = SetFourByteTag('R', 'G', 'B', ' ');
+static constexpr uint32_t kXYZ_PCSSpace       = SetFourByteTag('X', 'Y', 'Z', ' ');
+static constexpr uint32_t kACSP_Signature     = SetFourByteTag('a', 'c', 's', 'p');
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_desc           = SetFourByteTag('d', 'e', 's', 'c');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_TextType       = SetFourByteTag('m', 'l', 'u', 'c');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_rXYZ           = SetFourByteTag('r', 'X', 'Y', 'Z');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_gXYZ           = SetFourByteTag('g', 'X', 'Y', 'Z');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_bXYZ           = SetFourByteTag('b', 'X', 'Y', 'Z');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_wtpt           = SetFourByteTag('w', 't', 'p', 't');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_rTRC           = SetFourByteTag('r', 'T', 'R', 'C');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_gTRC           = SetFourByteTag('g', 'T', 'R', 'C');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_bTRC           = SetFourByteTag('b', 'T', 'R', 'C');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_cicp           = SetFourByteTag('c', 'i', 'c', 'p');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_cprt           = SetFourByteTag('c', 'p', 'r', 't');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_A2B0           = SetFourByteTag('A', '2', 'B', '0');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_B2A0           = SetFourByteTag('B', '2', 'A', '0');
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_CurveType      = SetFourByteTag('c', 'u', 'r', 'v');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_mABType        = SetFourByteTag('m', 'A', 'B', ' ');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_mBAType        = SetFourByteTag('m', 'B', 'A', ' ');
+static constexpr uint32_t kTAG_ParaCurveType  = SetFourByteTag('p', 'a', 'r', 'a');
+
+
+static constexpr Matrix3x3 kSRGB = {{
+    // ICC fixed-point (16.16) representation, taken from skcms. Please keep them exactly in sync.
+    // 0.436065674f, 0.385147095f, 0.143066406f,
+    // 0.222488403f, 0.716873169f, 0.060607910f,
+    // 0.013916016f, 0.097076416f, 0.714096069f,
+    { FixedToFloat(0x6FA2), FixedToFloat(0x6299), FixedToFloat(0x24A0) },
+    { FixedToFloat(0x38F5), FixedToFloat(0xB785), FixedToFloat(0x0F84) },
+    { FixedToFloat(0x0390), FixedToFloat(0x18DA), FixedToFloat(0xB6CF) },
+}};
+
+static constexpr Matrix3x3 kDisplayP3 = {{
+    {  0.515102f,   0.291965f,  0.157153f  },
+    {  0.241182f,   0.692236f,  0.0665819f },
+    { -0.00104941f, 0.0418818f, 0.784378f  },
+}};
+
+static constexpr Matrix3x3 kRec2020 = {{
+    {  0.673459f,   0.165661f,  0.125100f  },
+    {  0.279033f,   0.675338f,  0.0456288f },
+    { -0.00193139f, 0.0299794f, 0.797162f  },
+}};
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPPrimariesSRGB = 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPPrimariesP3 = 12;
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPPrimariesRec2020 = 9;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPTrfnSRGB = 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPTrfnLinear = 8;
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPTrfnPQ = 16;
+static constexpr uint32_t kCICPTrfnHLG = 18;
+
+enum ParaCurveType {
+    kExponential_ParaCurveType = 0,
+    kGAB_ParaCurveType         = 1,
+    kGABC_ParaCurveType        = 2,
+    kGABDE_ParaCurveType       = 3,
+    kGABCDEF_ParaCurveType     = 4,
+};
+
+/**
+ *  Return the closest int for the given float. Returns MaxS32FitsInFloat for NaN.
+ */
+static inline int float_saturate2int(float x) {
+    x = x < MaxS32FitsInFloat ? x : MaxS32FitsInFloat;
+    x = x > MinS32FitsInFloat ? x : MinS32FitsInFloat;
+    return (int)x;
+}
+
+static Fixed float_round_to_fixed(float x) {
+    return float_saturate2int((float)floor((double)x * Fixed1 + 0.5));
+}
+
+static uint16_t float_round_to_unorm16(float x) {
+    x = x * 65535.f + 0.5;
+    if (x > 65535) return 65535;
+    if (x < 0) return 0;
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(x);
+}
+
+static void float_to_table16(const float f, uint8_t* table_16) {
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(table_16) = Endian_SwapBE16(float_round_to_unorm16(f));
+}
+
+static bool isfinitef_(float x) { return 0 == x*0; }
+
+struct ICCHeader {
+    // Size of the profile (computed)
+    uint32_t size;
+    // Preferred CMM type (ignored)
+    uint32_t cmm_type = 0;
+    // Version 4.3 or 4.4 if CICP is included.
+    uint32_t version = Endian_SwapBE32(0x04300000);
+    // Display device profile
+    uint32_t profile_class = Endian_SwapBE32(kDisplay_Profile);
+    // RGB input color space;
+    uint32_t data_color_space = Endian_SwapBE32(kRGB_ColorSpace);
+    // Profile connection space.
+    uint32_t pcs = Endian_SwapBE32(kXYZ_PCSSpace);
+    // Date and time (ignored)
+    uint8_t creation_date_time[12] = {0};
+    // Profile signature
+    uint32_t signature = Endian_SwapBE32(kACSP_Signature);
+    // Platform target (ignored)
+    uint32_t platform = 0;
+    // Flags: not embedded, can be used independently
+    uint32_t flags = 0x00000000;
+    // Device manufacturer (ignored)
+    uint32_t device_manufacturer = 0;
+    // Device model (ignored)
+    uint32_t device_model = 0;
+    // Device attributes (ignored)
+    uint8_t device_attributes[8] = {0};
+    // Relative colorimetric rendering intent
+    uint32_t rendering_intent = Endian_SwapBE32(1);
+    // D50 standard illuminant (X, Y, Z)
+    uint32_t illuminant_X = Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(kD50_x));
+    uint32_t illuminant_Y = Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(kD50_y));
+    uint32_t illuminant_Z = Endian_SwapBE32(float_round_to_fixed(kD50_z));
+    // Profile creator (ignored)
+    uint32_t creator = 0;
+    // Profile id checksum (ignored)
+    uint8_t profile_id[16] = {0};
+    // Reserved (ignored)
+    uint8_t reserved[28] = {0};
+    // Technically not part of header, but required
+    uint32_t tag_count = 0;
+};
+
+class IccHelper {
+private:
+    static constexpr uint32_t kTrcTableSize = 65;
+    static constexpr uint32_t kGridSize = 17;
+    static constexpr size_t kNumChannels = 3;
+
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_text_tag(const char* text);
+    static std::string get_desc_string(const jpegr_transfer_function tf,
+                                       const jpegr_color_gamut gamut);
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_xyz_tag(float x, float y, float z);
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_trc_tag(const int table_entries, const void* table_16);
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_trc_tag_for_linear();
+    static float compute_tone_map_gain(const jpegr_transfer_function tf, float L);
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_cicp_tag(uint32_t color_primaries,
+                                         uint32_t transfer_characteristics);
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_mAB_or_mBA_tag(uint32_t type,
+                                               bool has_a_curves,
+                                               const uint8_t* grid_points,
+                                               const uint8_t* grid_16);
+    static void compute_lut_entry(const Matrix3x3& src_to_XYZD50, float rgb[3]);
+    static sp<DataStruct> write_clut(const uint8_t* grid_points, const uint8_t* grid_16);
+
+public:
+    static sp<DataStruct> writeIccProfile(const jpegr_transfer_function tf,
+                                          const jpegr_color_gamut gamut);
+};
+}  // namespace android::jpegrecoverymap
+
+#endif //ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_ICC_H
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.h
index a433e8a..9b2dde7 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.h
@@ -206,12 +206,14 @@
      * @param output_format flag for setting output color format. if set to
      *                      {@code JPEGR_OUTPUT_SDR}, decoder will only decode the primary image
      *                      which is SDR. Default value is JPEGR_OUTPUT_HDR_LINEAR.
+     * @param recovery_map destination of the decoded recovery map.
      * @return NO_ERROR if decoding succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
     status_t decodeJPEGR(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
                          jr_uncompressed_ptr dest,
                          jr_exif_ptr exif = nullptr,
-                         jpegr_output_format output_format = JPEGR_OUTPUT_HDR_LINEAR);
+                         jpegr_output_format output_format = JPEGR_OUTPUT_HDR_LINEAR,
+                         jr_uncompressed_ptr recovery_map = nullptr);
 
     /*
     * Gets Info from JPEGR file without decoding it.
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h
index 4145853..a381743 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h
@@ -27,6 +27,24 @@
 
 namespace android::jpegrecoverymap {
 
+static constexpr uint32_t EndianSwap32(uint32_t value) {
+    return ((value & 0xFF) << 24) |
+           ((value & 0xFF00) << 8) |
+           ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 8) |
+           (value >> 24);
+}
+static inline uint16_t EndianSwap16(uint16_t value) {
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>((value >> 8) | ((value & 0xFF) << 8));
+}
+
+#if USE_BIG_ENDIAN
+    #define Endian_SwapBE32(n) EndianSwap32(n)
+    #define Endian_SwapBE16(n) EndianSwap16(n)
+#else
+    #define Endian_SwapBE32(n) (n)
+    #define Endian_SwapBE16(n) (n)
+#endif
+
 struct jpegr_metadata;
 /*
  * Mutable data structure. Holds information for metadata.
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/multipictureformat.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/multipictureformat.h
index 7dca916..cf3387d 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/multipictureformat.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/multipictureformat.h
@@ -19,25 +19,13 @@
 
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h>
 
-namespace android::jpegrecoverymap {
-static constexpr uint32_t EndianSwap32(uint32_t value) {
-    return ((value & 0xFF) << 24) |
-           ((value & 0xFF00) << 8) |
-           ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 8) |
-           (value >> 24);
-}
-static inline uint16_t EndianSwap16(uint16_t value) {
-    return static_cast<uint16_t>((value >> 8) | ((value & 0xFF) << 8));
-}
+#ifdef USE_BIG_ENDIAN
+#undef USE_BIG_ENDIAN
 #define USE_BIG_ENDIAN true
-#if USE_BIG_ENDIAN
-    #define Endian_SwapBE32(n) EndianSwap32(n)
-    #define Endian_SwapBE16(n) EndianSwap16(n)
-#else
-    #define Endian_SwapBE32(n) (n)
-    #define Endian_SwapBE16(n) (n)
 #endif
 
+namespace android::jpegrecoverymap {
+
 constexpr size_t kNumPictures = 2;
 constexpr size_t kMpEndianSize = 4;
 constexpr uint16_t kTagSerializedCount = 3;
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.cpp
index 79b1ae3..f8763c6 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegr.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegrutils.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/multipictureformat.h>
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/icc.h>
 
 #include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_marker.h>
 #include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_info.h>
@@ -27,10 +28,6 @@
 #include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_info_builder.h>
 #include <image_io/base/data_segment_data_source.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
-#include "SkColorSpace.h"
-#include "SkData.h"
-#include "SkICC.h"
-#include "SkRefCnt.h"
 
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
@@ -89,21 +86,6 @@
   return cpuCoreCount;
 }
 
-static const map<jpegrecoverymap::jpegr_color_gamut, skcms_Matrix3x3> jrGamut_to_skGamut {
-    {JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709,     SkNamedGamut::kSRGB},
-    {JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3,        SkNamedGamut::kDisplayP3},
-    {JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100,    SkNamedGamut::kRec2020},
-};
-
-static const map<
-        jpegrecoverymap::jpegr_transfer_function,
-        skcms_TransferFunction> jrTransFunc_to_skTransFunc {
-    {JPEGR_TF_SRGB,        SkNamedTransferFn::kSRGB},
-    {JPEGR_TF_LINEAR,      SkNamedTransferFn::kLinear},
-    {JPEGR_TF_HLG,         SkNamedTransferFn::kHLG},
-    {JPEGR_TF_PQ,          SkNamedTransferFn::kPQ},
-};
-
 /* Encode API-0 */
 status_t JpegR::encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                             jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
@@ -146,15 +128,14 @@
   compressed_map.data = compressed_map_data.get();
   JPEGR_CHECK(compressRecoveryMap(&map, &compressed_map));
 
-  sk_sp<SkData> icc = SkWriteICCProfile(
-          jrTransFunc_to_skTransFunc.at(JPEGR_TF_SRGB),
-          jrGamut_to_skGamut.at(uncompressed_yuv_420_image.colorGamut));
+  sp<DataStruct> icc = IccHelper::writeIccProfile(JPEGR_TF_SRGB,
+                                                  uncompressed_yuv_420_image.colorGamut);
 
   JpegEncoderHelper jpeg_encoder;
   if (!jpeg_encoder.compressImage(uncompressed_yuv_420_image.data,
                                   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width,
                                   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height, quality,
-                                  icc.get()->data(), icc.get()->size())) {
+                                  icc->getData(), icc->getLength())) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_ENCODE_ERROR;
   }
   jpegr_compressed_struct jpeg;
@@ -210,15 +191,14 @@
   compressed_map.data = compressed_map_data.get();
   JPEGR_CHECK(compressRecoveryMap(&map, &compressed_map));
 
-  sk_sp<SkData> icc = SkWriteICCProfile(
-          jrTransFunc_to_skTransFunc.at(JPEGR_TF_SRGB),
-          jrGamut_to_skGamut.at(uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut));
+  sp<DataStruct> icc = IccHelper::writeIccProfile(JPEGR_TF_SRGB,
+                                                  uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut);
 
   JpegEncoderHelper jpeg_encoder;
   if (!jpeg_encoder.compressImage(uncompressed_yuv_420_image->data,
                                   uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width,
                                   uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height, quality,
-                                  icc.get()->data(), icc.get()->size())) {
+                                  icc->getData(), icc->getLength())) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_ENCODE_ERROR;
   }
   jpegr_compressed_struct jpeg;
@@ -351,12 +331,11 @@
 status_t JpegR::decodeJPEGR(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
                             jr_uncompressed_ptr dest,
                             jr_exif_ptr exif,
-                            jpegr_output_format output_format) {
+                            jpegr_output_format output_format,
+                            jr_uncompressed_ptr recovery_map) {
   if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr || dest == nullptr) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
-  // TODO: fill EXIF data
-  (void) exif;
 
   if (output_format == JPEGR_OUTPUT_SDR) {
     JpegDecoderHelper jpeg_decoder;
@@ -372,21 +351,60 @@
            uncompressed_rgba_image.width * uncompressed_rgba_image.height * 4);
     dest->width = uncompressed_rgba_image.width;
     dest->height = uncompressed_rgba_image.height;
-    return NO_ERROR;
+
+    if (recovery_map == nullptr && exif == nullptr) {
+      return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    if (exif != nullptr) {
+      if (exif->data == nullptr) {
+        return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+      }
+      if (exif->length < jpeg_decoder.getEXIFSize()) {
+        return ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+      }
+      memcpy(exif->data, jpeg_decoder.getEXIFPtr(), jpeg_decoder.getEXIFSize());
+      exif->length = jpeg_decoder.getEXIFSize();
+    }
+    if (recovery_map == nullptr) {
+      return NO_ERROR;
+    }
   }
 
   jpegr_compressed_struct compressed_map;
-  jpegr_metadata metadata;
   JPEGR_CHECK(extractRecoveryMap(compressed_jpegr_image, &compressed_map));
 
+  JpegDecoderHelper recovery_map_decoder;
+  if (!recovery_map_decoder.decompressImage(compressed_map.data, compressed_map.length)) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if (recovery_map != nullptr) {
+    recovery_map->width = recovery_map_decoder.getDecompressedImageWidth();
+    recovery_map->height = recovery_map_decoder.getDecompressedImageHeight();
+    int size = recovery_map->width * recovery_map->height;
+    recovery_map->data = malloc(size);
+    memcpy(recovery_map->data, recovery_map_decoder.getDecompressedImagePtr(), size);
+  }
+
+  if (output_format == JPEGR_OUTPUT_SDR) {
+    return NO_ERROR;
+  }
+
   JpegDecoderHelper jpeg_decoder;
   if (!jpeg_decoder.decompressImage(compressed_jpegr_image->data, compressed_jpegr_image->length)) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
   }
 
-  JpegDecoderHelper recovery_map_decoder;
-  if (!recovery_map_decoder.decompressImage(compressed_map.data, compressed_map.length)) {
-    return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
+  if (exif != nullptr) {
+    if (exif->data == nullptr) {
+      return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+    }
+    if (exif->length < jpeg_decoder.getEXIFSize()) {
+      return ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+    memcpy(exif->data, jpeg_decoder.getEXIFPtr(), jpeg_decoder.getEXIFSize());
+    exif->length = jpeg_decoder.getEXIFSize();
   }
 
   jpegr_uncompressed_struct map;
@@ -399,6 +417,7 @@
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImageWidth();
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImageHeight();
 
+  jpegr_metadata metadata;
   if (!getMetadataFromXMP(static_cast<uint8_t*>(recovery_map_decoder.getXMPPtr()),
                           recovery_map_decoder.getXMPSize(), &metadata)) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
index 61b3db9..d5da7fb 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
         "libjpegdecoder",
         "libjpegencoder",
         "libjpegrecoverymap",
-        "libskia",
         "libutils",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index a4b81b7..cd427f0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@
 constexpr int LOGTAG_INPUT_FOCUS = 62001;
 constexpr int LOGTAG_INPUT_CANCEL = 62003;
 
+const ui::Transform kIdentityTransform;
+
 inline nsecs_t now() {
     return systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 }
@@ -475,8 +477,8 @@
 }
 
 // Returns true if the given window can accept pointer events at the given display location.
-bool windowAcceptsTouchAt(const WindowInfo& windowInfo, int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y,
-                          bool isStylus) {
+bool windowAcceptsTouchAt(const WindowInfo& windowInfo, int32_t displayId, float x, float y,
+                          bool isStylus, const ui::Transform& displayTransform) {
     const auto inputConfig = windowInfo.inputConfig;
     if (windowInfo.displayId != displayId ||
         inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NOT_VISIBLE)) {
@@ -486,7 +488,17 @@
     if (inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NOT_TOUCHABLE) && !windowCanInterceptTouch) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!windowInfo.touchableRegionContainsPoint(x, y)) {
+
+    // Window Manager works in the logical display coordinate space. When it specifies bounds for a
+    // window as (l, t, r, b), the range of x in [l, r) and y in [t, b) are considered to be inside
+    // the window. Points on the right and bottom edges should not be inside the window, so we need
+    // to be careful about performing a hit test when the display is rotated, since the "right" and
+    // "bottom" of the window will be different in the display (un-rotated) space compared to in the
+    // logical display in which WM determined the bounds. Perform the hit test in the logical
+    // display space to ensure these edges are considered correctly in all orientations.
+    const auto touchableRegion = displayTransform.transform(windowInfo.touchableRegion);
+    const auto p = displayTransform.transform(x, y);
+    if (!touchableRegion.contains(std::floor(p.x), std::floor(p.y))) {
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -540,19 +552,16 @@
     return {};
 }
 
-Point resolveTouchedPosition(const MotionEntry& entry) {
+std::pair<float, float> resolveTouchedPosition(const MotionEntry& entry) {
     const bool isFromMouse = isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE);
     // Always dispatch mouse events to cursor position.
     if (isFromMouse) {
-        return Point(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.xCursorPosition),
-                     static_cast<int32_t>(entry.yCursorPosition));
+        return {entry.xCursorPosition, entry.yCursorPosition};
     }
 
     const int32_t pointerIndex = getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(entry.action);
-    return Point(static_cast<int32_t>(
-                         entry.pointerCoords[pointerIndex].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X)),
-                 static_cast<int32_t>(
-                         entry.pointerCoords[pointerIndex].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y)));
+    return {entry.pointerCoords[pointerIndex].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
+            entry.pointerCoords[pointerIndex].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y)};
 }
 
 std::optional<nsecs_t> getDownTime(const EventEntry& eventEntry) {
@@ -1159,7 +1168,7 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<sp<WindowInfoHandle>, std::vector<InputTarget>>
-InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus,
+InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, float x, float y, bool isStylus,
                                            bool ignoreDragWindow) const {
     // Traverse windows from front to back to find touched window.
     std::vector<InputTarget> outsideTargets;
@@ -1170,7 +1179,8 @@
         }
 
         const WindowInfo& info = *windowHandle->getInfo();
-        if (!info.isSpy() && windowAcceptsTouchAt(info, displayId, x, y, isStylus)) {
+        if (!info.isSpy() &&
+            windowAcceptsTouchAt(info, displayId, x, y, isStylus, getTransformLocked(displayId))) {
             return {windowHandle, outsideTargets};
         }
 
@@ -1184,14 +1194,14 @@
 }
 
 std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> InputDispatcher::findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(
-        int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus) const {
+        int32_t displayId, float x, float y, bool isStylus) const {
     // Traverse windows from front to back and gather the touched spy windows.
     std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> spyWindows;
     const auto& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
     for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle : windowHandles) {
         const WindowInfo& info = *windowHandle->getInfo();
 
-        if (!windowAcceptsTouchAt(info, displayId, x, y, isStylus)) {
+        if (!windowAcceptsTouchAt(info, displayId, x, y, isStylus, getTransformLocked(displayId))) {
             continue;
         }
         if (!info.isSpy()) {
@@ -2231,8 +2241,7 @@
         }
         // Handle the case where we did not find a window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr) {
-            ALOGD("No new touched window at (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32 ") in display %" PRId32, x, y,
-                  displayId);
+            ALOGD("No new touched window at (%.1f, %.1f) in display %" PRId32, x, y, displayId);
             // Try to assign the pointer to the first foreground window we find, if there is one.
             newTouchedWindowHandle = tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
         }
@@ -2270,7 +2279,8 @@
         }
 
         if (newTouchedWindows.empty()) {
-            ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touchable window at (%d, %d) on display %d.",
+            ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touchable window at (%.1f, %.1f) on display "
+                  "%d.",
                   x, y, displayId);
             outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
             return {};
@@ -4036,18 +4046,20 @@
 
 /**
  * If one of the meta shortcuts is detected, process them here:
- *     Meta + Backspace -> generate BACK
- *     Meta + Enter -> generate HOME
- * This will potentially overwrite keyCode and metaState.
+ *     Meta + Backspace; Meta + Grave; Meta + Left arrow -> generate BACK
+ * Most System shortcuts are handled in PhoneWindowManager.java except 'Back' shortcuts. Unlike
+ * Back, other shortcuts DO NOT need to be sent to applications and are fully handled by the system.
+ * But for Back key and Back shortcuts, we need to send KEYCODE_BACK to applications which can
+ * potentially handle the back key presses.
+ * Note: We don't send any Meta based KeyEvents to applications, so we need to convert to a KeyEvent
+ * where meta modifier is off before sending. Currently only use case is 'Back'.
  */
 void InputDispatcher::accelerateMetaShortcuts(const int32_t deviceId, const int32_t action,
                                               int32_t& keyCode, int32_t& metaState) {
     if (metaState & AMETA_META_ON && action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         int32_t newKeyCode = AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN;
-        if (keyCode == AKEYCODE_DEL) {
+        if (keyCode == AKEYCODE_DEL || keyCode == AKEYCODE_GRAVE || keyCode == AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT) {
             newKeyCode = AKEYCODE_BACK;
-        } else if (keyCode == AKEYCODE_ENTER) {
-            newKeyCode = AKEYCODE_HOME;
         }
         if (newKeyCode != AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
             std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
@@ -4762,6 +4774,12 @@
     return getWindowHandleLocked(focusedToken, displayId);
 }
 
+ui::Transform InputDispatcher::getTransformLocked(int32_t displayId) const {
+    auto displayInfoIt = mDisplayInfos.find(displayId);
+    return displayInfoIt != mDisplayInfos.end() ? displayInfoIt->second.transform
+                                                : kIdentityTransform;
+}
+
 bool InputDispatcher::canWindowReceiveMotionLocked(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& window,
                                                    const MotionEntry& motionEntry) const {
     const WindowInfo& info = *window->getInfo();
@@ -4799,7 +4817,7 @@
     TouchOcclusionInfo occlusionInfo = computeTouchOcclusionInfoLocked(window, x, y);
     if (!isTouchTrustedLocked(occlusionInfo)) {
         if (DEBUG_TOUCH_OCCLUSION) {
-            ALOGD("Stack of obscuring windows during untrusted touch (%d, %d):", x, y);
+            ALOGD("Stack of obscuring windows during untrusted touch (%.1f, %.1f):", x, y);
             for (const auto& log : occlusionInfo.debugInfo) {
                 ALOGD("%s", log.c_str());
             }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index b94858b..2246d47 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -239,11 +239,11 @@
     std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> mNextUnblockedEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     std::pair<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>, std::vector<InputTarget>>
-    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus = false,
+    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, float x, float y, bool isStylus = false,
                               bool ignoreDragWindow = false) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>> findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(
-            int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+            int32_t displayId, float x, float y, bool isStylus) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findTouchedForegroundWindowLocked(int32_t displayId) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -374,6 +374,7 @@
             int32_t displayId) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getWindowHandleLocked(
             const sp<IBinder>& windowHandleToken) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    ui::Transform getTransformLocked(int32_t displayId) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Same function as above, but faster. Since displayId is provided, this avoids the need
     // to loop through all displays.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/docs/input_coordinates.md b/services/inputflinger/docs/input_coordinates.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7795710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/docs/input_coordinates.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# Input Coordinate Processing in InputFlinger
+
+This document aims to illustrate why we need to take care when converting
+between the discrete and continuous coordinate spaces, especially when
+performing rotations.
+
+The Linux evdev protocol works over **discrete integral** values. The same is
+true for displays, which output discrete pixels. WindowManager also tracks
+window bounds in pixels in the rotated logical display.
+
+However, our `MotionEvent` APIs
+report **floating point** axis values in a **continuous space**. This disparity
+is important to note when working in InputFlinger, which has to make sure the
+discrete raw coordinates are  converted to the continuous space correctly in all
+scenarios.
+
+## Disparity between continuous and discrete coordinates during rotation
+
+Let's consider an example of device that has a 3 x 4 screen.
+
+### Natural orientation:  No rotation
+
+If the user interacts with the highlighted pixel, the touchscreen would report
+the discreet coordinates (0, 2).
+
+```
+     ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐
+     │ 0,0 │ 1,0 │ 2,0 │
+     ├─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │ 0,1 │ 1,1 │ 2,1 │
+     ├─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │█0,2█│ 1,2 │ 2,2 │
+     ├─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │ 0,3 │ 1,3 │ 2,3 │
+     └─────┴─────┴─────┘
+```
+
+When converted to the continuous space, the point (0, 2) corresponds to the
+location shown below.
+
+```
+     0     1     2     3
+  0  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐
+     │     │     │     │
+  1  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │
+  2  █─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │
+  3  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │
+  4  └─────┴─────┴─────┘
+```
+
+### Rotated orientation: 90-degree counter-clockwise rotation
+
+When the device is rotated and the same place on the touchscreen is touched, the
+input device will still report the same coordinates of (0, 2).
+
+In the rotated display, that now corresponds to the pixel (2, 2).
+
+```
+     ┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐
+     │ 0,0 │ 1,0 │ 2,0 │ 3,0 │
+     ├─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │ 0,1 │ 1,1 │ 2,1 │ 3,1 │
+     ├─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │ 0,2 │ 1,2 │█2,2█│ 3,2 │
+     └─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┘
+```
+
+*It is important to note that rotating the device 90 degrees is NOT equivalent
+to rotating the continuous coordinate space by 90 degrees.*
+
+The point (2, 2) now corresponds to a different location in the continuous space
+than before, even though the user was interacting at the same place on the
+touchscreen.
+
+```
+     0     1     2     3     4
+  0  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐
+     │     │     │     │     │
+  1  ├─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │     │
+  2  ├─────┼─────█─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │     │
+  3  └─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┘
+```
+
+If we were to simply (incorrectly) rotate the continuous space from before by
+90 degrees, the touched point would correspond to the location (2, 3), shown
+below. This new point is outside the bounds of the display, since it does not
+correspond to any pixel at that location.
+
+It should be impossible for a touchscreen to generate points outside the bounds
+of the display, because we assume that the area of the touchscreen maps directly
+to the area of the display. Therefore, that point is an invalid coordinate that
+cannot be generated by an input device.
+
+```
+     0     1     2     3     4
+  0  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐
+     │     │     │     │     ╏
+  1  ├─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │     ╏
+  2  ├─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤
+     │     │     │     │     ╏
+  3  └-----┴-----█-----┴-----┘
+```
+
+The same logic applies to windows as well. When performing hit tests to
+determine if a point in the continuous space falls inside a window's bounds,
+hit test must be performed in the correct orientation, since points on the right
+and bottom edges of the window do not fall within the window bounds.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
index d3d8021..3d3a8ea 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
@@ -882,14 +882,13 @@
     return device != nullptr ? device->controllerNumber : 0;
 }
 
-void EventHub::getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId, PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const {
+std::optional<PropertyMap> EventHub::getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId) const {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
     Device* device = getDeviceLocked(deviceId);
-    if (device != nullptr && device->configuration) {
-        *outConfiguration = *device->configuration;
-    } else {
-        outConfiguration->clear();
+    if (device == nullptr || device->configuration == nullptr) {
+        return {};
     }
+    return *device->configuration;
 }
 
 status_t EventHub::getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t deviceId, int axis,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
index 9fe652c..0d2030e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -284,9 +284,11 @@
         if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE)) {
             mConfiguration.clear();
             for_each_subdevice([this](InputDeviceContext& context) {
-                PropertyMap configuration;
-                context.getConfiguration(&configuration);
-                mConfiguration.addAll(&configuration);
+                std::optional<PropertyMap> configuration =
+                        getEventHub()->getConfiguration(context.getEventHubId());
+                if (configuration) {
+                    mConfiguration.addAll(&(*configuration));
+                }
             });
 
             mAssociatedDeviceType =
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
index 86acadb..0b15efe 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
@@ -263,7 +263,13 @@
 
     virtual int32_t getDeviceControllerNumber(int32_t deviceId) const = 0;
 
-    virtual void getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId, PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const = 0;
+    /**
+     * Get the PropertyMap for the provided EventHub device, if available.
+     * This acquires the device lock, so a copy is returned rather than the raw pointer
+     * to the device's PropertyMap. A std::nullopt may be returned if the device could
+     * not be found, or if it doesn't have any configuration.
+     */
+    virtual std::optional<PropertyMap> getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId) const = 0;
 
     virtual status_t getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t deviceId, int axis,
                                          RawAbsoluteAxisInfo* outAxisInfo) const = 0;
@@ -464,7 +470,7 @@
 
     int32_t getDeviceControllerNumber(int32_t deviceId) const override final;
 
-    void getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId, PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const override final;
+    std::optional<PropertyMap> getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId) const override final;
 
     status_t getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t deviceId, int axis,
                                  RawAbsoluteAxisInfo* outAxisInfo) const override final;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
index 7867029..4ae06fe 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
@@ -269,9 +269,6 @@
     inline int32_t getDeviceControllerNumber() const {
         return mEventHub->getDeviceControllerNumber(mId);
     }
-    inline void getConfiguration(PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const {
-        return mEventHub->getConfiguration(mId, outConfiguration);
-    }
     inline status_t getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t code, RawAbsoluteAxisInfo* axisInfo) const {
         return mEventHub->getAbsoluteAxisInfo(mId, code, axisInfo);
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
index 0361bc6..dc0454d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
@@ -61,36 +61,6 @@
             scanCode >= BTN_WHEEL;
 }
 
-static bool isMediaKey(int32_t keyCode) {
-    switch (keyCode) {
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_PAUSE:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE:
-        case AKEYCODE_MUTE:
-        case AKEYCODE_HEADSETHOOK:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_STOP:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_NEXT:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_PREVIOUS:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_REWIND:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_RECORD:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_SKIP_FORWARD:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_SKIP_BACKWARD:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_STEP_FORWARD:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_STEP_BACKWARD:
-        case AKEYCODE_MEDIA_AUDIO_TRACK:
-        case AKEYCODE_VOLUME_UP:
-        case AKEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN:
-        case AKEYCODE_VOLUME_MUTE:
-        case AKEYCODE_TV_AUDIO_DESCRIPTION:
-        case AKEYCODE_TV_AUDIO_DESCRIPTION_MIX_UP:
-        case AKEYCODE_TV_AUDIO_DESCRIPTION_MIX_DOWN:
-            return true;
-        default:
-            return false;
-    }
-}
-
 // --- KeyboardInputMapper ---
 
 KeyboardInputMapper::KeyboardInputMapper(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext, uint32_t source,
@@ -295,14 +265,12 @@
         keyMetaState = mMetaState;
     }
 
-    // Key down on external an keyboard should wake the device.
+    // Any key down on an external keyboard should wake the device.
     // We don't do this for internal keyboards to prevent them from waking up in your pocket.
     // For internal keyboards and devices for which the default wake behavior is explicitly
     // prevented (e.g. TV remotes), the key layout file should specify the policy flags for each
     // wake key individually.
-    // TODO: Use the input device configuration to control this behavior more finely.
-    if (down && getDeviceContext().isExternal() && !mParameters.doNotWakeByDefault &&
-        !isMediaKey(keyCode)) {
+    if (down && getDeviceContext().isExternal() && !mParameters.doNotWakeByDefault) {
         policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_WAKE;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
index f797bc9..3d60bfd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
     transform(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), prefix.begin(), ::tolower);
 
     int32_t reportingMode = 0;
-    if (!tryGetProperty(prefix + ".reportingMode", reportingMode)) {
+    if (tryGetProperty(prefix + ".reportingMode", reportingMode)) {
         sensorInfo.flags |= (reportingMode & REPORTING_MODE_MASK) << REPORTING_MODE_SHIFT;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index 509c2e8..96c163d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -805,75 +805,96 @@
         };
     }
 
-    // Compute oriented precision, scales and ranges.
-    // Note that the maximum value reported is an inclusive maximum value so it is one
-    // unit less than the total width or height of the display.
-    // TODO(b/20508709): Calculate the oriented ranges using the input device's raw frame.
-    switch (mInputDeviceOrientation) {
-        case ui::ROTATION_90:
-        case ui::ROTATION_270:
-            mOrientedRanges.x.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayBounds.height - 1;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mRawToDisplay.getScaleY();
+    // Oriented X/Y range (in the rotated display's orientation)
+    const FloatRect rawFrame = Rect{mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue, mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue,
+                                    mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue, mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue}
+                                       .toFloatRect();
+    const auto orientedRangeRect = mRawToRotatedDisplay.transform(rawFrame);
+    mOrientedRanges.x.min = orientedRangeRect.left;
+    mOrientedRanges.y.min = orientedRangeRect.top;
+    mOrientedRanges.x.max = orientedRangeRect.right;
+    mOrientedRanges.y.max = orientedRangeRect.bottom;
 
-            mOrientedRanges.y.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayBounds.width - 1;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mRawToDisplay.getScaleX();
-            break;
+    // Oriented flat (in the rotated display's orientation)
+    const auto orientedFlat =
+            transformWithoutTranslation(mRawToRotatedDisplay,
+                                        {static_cast<float>(mRawPointerAxes.x.flat),
+                                         static_cast<float>(mRawPointerAxes.y.flat)});
+    mOrientedRanges.x.flat = std::abs(orientedFlat.x);
+    mOrientedRanges.y.flat = std::abs(orientedFlat.y);
 
-        default:
-            mOrientedRanges.x.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayBounds.width - 1;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mRawToDisplay.getScaleX();
+    // Oriented fuzz (in the rotated display's orientation)
+    const auto orientedFuzz =
+            transformWithoutTranslation(mRawToRotatedDisplay,
+                                        {static_cast<float>(mRawPointerAxes.x.fuzz),
+                                         static_cast<float>(mRawPointerAxes.y.fuzz)});
+    mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = std::abs(orientedFuzz.x);
+    mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = std::abs(orientedFuzz.y);
 
-            mOrientedRanges.y.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayBounds.height - 1;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mRawToDisplay.getScaleY();
-            break;
-    }
+    // Oriented resolution (in the rotated display's orientation)
+    const auto orientedRes =
+            transformWithoutTranslation(mRawToRotatedDisplay,
+                                        {static_cast<float>(mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution),
+                                         static_cast<float>(mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution)});
+    mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = std::abs(orientedRes.x);
+    mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = std::abs(orientedRes.y);
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::computeInputTransforms() {
-    const ui::Size rawSize{mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth(), mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight()};
+    constexpr auto isRotated = [](const ui::Transform::RotationFlags& rotation) {
+        return rotation == ui::Transform::ROT_90 || rotation == ui::Transform::ROT_270;
+    };
 
-    ui::Size rotatedRawSize = rawSize;
-    if (mInputDeviceOrientation == ui::ROTATION_270 || mInputDeviceOrientation == ui::ROTATION_90) {
-        std::swap(rotatedRawSize.width, rotatedRawSize.height);
-    }
-    const auto rotationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(-mInputDeviceOrientation);
-    mRawRotation = ui::Transform{rotationFlags};
+    // See notes about input coordinates in the inputflinger docs:
+    // //frameworks/native/services/inputflinger/docs/input_coordinates.md
 
     // Step 1: Undo the raw offset so that the raw coordinate space now starts at (0, 0).
-    ui::Transform undoRawOffset;
-    undoRawOffset.set(-mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue, -mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue);
+    ui::Transform undoOffsetInRaw;
+    undoOffsetInRaw.set(-mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue, -mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue);
 
-    // Step 2: Rotate the raw coordinates to the expected orientation.
-    ui::Transform rotate;
-    // When rotating raw coordinates, the raw size will be used as an offset.
-    // Account for the extra unit added to the raw range when the raw size was calculated.
-    rotate.set(rotationFlags, rotatedRawSize.width - 1, rotatedRawSize.height - 1);
+    // Step 2: Rotate the raw coordinates to account for input device orientation. The coordinates
+    // will now be in the same orientation as the display in ROTATION_0.
+    // Note: Negating an ui::Rotation value will give its inverse rotation.
+    const auto inputDeviceOrientation = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(-mParameters.orientation);
+    const ui::Size orientedRawSize = isRotated(inputDeviceOrientation)
+            ? ui::Size{mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight(), mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth()}
+            : ui::Size{mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth(), mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight()};
+    // When rotating raw values, account for the extra unit added when calculating the raw range.
+    const auto orientInRaw = ui::Transform(inputDeviceOrientation, orientedRawSize.width - 1,
+                                           orientedRawSize.height - 1);
 
-    // Step 3: Scale the raw coordinates to the display space.
-    ui::Transform scaleToDisplay;
-    const float xScale = static_cast<float>(mDisplayBounds.width) / rotatedRawSize.width;
-    const float yScale = static_cast<float>(mDisplayBounds.height) / rotatedRawSize.height;
-    scaleToDisplay.set(xScale, 0, 0, yScale);
+    // Step 3: Rotate the raw coordinates to account for the display rotation. The coordinates will
+    // now be in the same orientation as the rotated display. There is no need to rotate the
+    // coordinates to the display rotation if the device is not orientation-aware.
+    const auto viewportRotation = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(-mViewport.orientation);
+    const auto rotatedRawSize = mParameters.orientationAware && isRotated(viewportRotation)
+            ? ui::Size{orientedRawSize.height, orientedRawSize.width}
+            : orientedRawSize;
+    // When rotating raw values, account for the extra unit added when calculating the raw range.
+    const auto rotateInRaw = mParameters.orientationAware
+            ? ui::Transform(viewportRotation, rotatedRawSize.width - 1, rotatedRawSize.height - 1)
+            : ui::Transform();
 
-    mRawToDisplay = (scaleToDisplay * (rotate * undoRawOffset));
+    // Step 4: Scale the raw coordinates to the display space.
+    // - Here, we assume that the raw surface of the touch device maps perfectly to the surface
+    //   of the display panel. This is usually true for touchscreens.
+    // - From this point onward, we are no longer in the discrete space of the raw coordinates but
+    //   are in the continuous space of the logical display.
+    ui::Transform scaleRawToDisplay;
+    const float xScale = static_cast<float>(mViewport.deviceWidth) / rotatedRawSize.width;
+    const float yScale = static_cast<float>(mViewport.deviceHeight) / rotatedRawSize.height;
+    scaleRawToDisplay.set(xScale, 0, 0, yScale);
 
-    // Calculate the transform that takes raw coordinates to the rotated display space.
-    ui::Transform displayToRotatedDisplay;
-    displayToRotatedDisplay.set(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(-mViewport.orientation),
-                                mViewport.deviceWidth, mViewport.deviceHeight);
-    mRawToRotatedDisplay = displayToRotatedDisplay * mRawToDisplay;
+    // Step 5: Undo the display rotation to bring us back to the un-rotated display coordinate space
+    // that InputReader uses.
+    const auto undoRotateInDisplay =
+            ui::Transform(viewportRotation, mViewport.deviceWidth, mViewport.deviceHeight)
+                    .inverse();
+
+    // Now put it all together!
+    mRawToRotatedDisplay = (scaleRawToDisplay * (rotateInRaw * (orientInRaw * undoOffsetInRaw)));
+    mRawToDisplay = (undoRotateInDisplay * mRawToRotatedDisplay);
+    mRawRotation = ui::Transform{mRawToDisplay.getOrientation()};
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::configureInputDevice(nsecs_t when, bool* outResetNeeded) {
@@ -949,6 +970,9 @@
             mPhysicalFrameInRotatedDisplay = {mViewport.physicalLeft, mViewport.physicalTop,
                                               mViewport.physicalRight, mViewport.physicalBottom};
 
+            // TODO(b/257118693): Remove the dependence on the old orientation/rotation logic that
+            //     uses mInputDeviceOrientation. The new logic uses the transforms calculated in
+            //     computeInputTransforms().
             // InputReader works in the un-rotated display coordinate space, so we don't need to do
             // anything if the device is already orientation-aware. If the device is not
             // orientation-aware, then we need to apply the inverse rotation of the display so that
@@ -1654,7 +1678,8 @@
     mPointerController->setButtonState(mCurrentRawState.buttonState);
     mPointerController->setSpots(mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords.cbegin(),
                                  mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.idToIndex.cbegin(),
-                                 mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.touchingIdBits,
+                                 mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.touchingIdBits |
+                                         mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.hoveringIdBits,
                                  mViewport.displayId);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp
index cd18cd3..089f45a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@
         .free_fn = freeProperty,
 };
 
-bool PropertyProvider::hasProperty(const std::string name) const {
+bool PropertyProvider::hasProperty(const std::string& name) const {
     return mProperties.find(name) != mProperties.end();
 }
 
-GesturesProp& PropertyProvider::getProperty(const std::string name) {
+GesturesProp& PropertyProvider::getProperty(const std::string& name) {
     return mProperties.at(name);
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
     return dump;
 }
 
-GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createIntArrayProperty(const std::string name, int* loc,
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createIntArrayProperty(const std::string& name, int* loc,
                                                        size_t count, const int* init) {
     const auto [it, inserted] =
             mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, count, init)});
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     return &it->second;
 }
 
-GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createBoolArrayProperty(const std::string name,
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createBoolArrayProperty(const std::string& name,
                                                         GesturesPropBool* loc, size_t count,
                                                         const GesturesPropBool* init) {
     const auto [it, inserted] =
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
     return &it->second;
 }
 
-GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createRealArrayProperty(const std::string name, double* loc,
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createRealArrayProperty(const std::string& name, double* loc,
                                                         size_t count, const double* init) {
     const auto [it, inserted] =
             mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, count, init)});
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
     return &it->second;
 }
 
-GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createStringProperty(const std::string name, const char** loc,
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createStringProperty(const std::string& name, const char** loc,
                                                      const char* const init) {
     const auto [it, inserted] = mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, init)});
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Gesture property \"%s\" already exists.", name.c_str());
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h
index c21260f..50451a3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h
@@ -31,18 +31,18 @@
 // Implementation of a gestures library property provider, which provides configuration parameters.
 class PropertyProvider {
 public:
-    bool hasProperty(const std::string name) const;
-    GesturesProp& getProperty(const std::string name);
+    bool hasProperty(const std::string& name) const;
+    GesturesProp& getProperty(const std::string& name);
     std::string dump() const;
 
     // Methods to be called by the gestures library:
-    GesturesProp* createIntArrayProperty(const std::string name, int* loc, size_t count,
+    GesturesProp* createIntArrayProperty(const std::string& name, int* loc, size_t count,
                                          const int* init);
-    GesturesProp* createBoolArrayProperty(const std::string name, GesturesPropBool* loc,
+    GesturesProp* createBoolArrayProperty(const std::string& name, GesturesPropBool* loc,
                                           size_t count, const GesturesPropBool* init);
-    GesturesProp* createRealArrayProperty(const std::string name, double* loc, size_t count,
+    GesturesProp* createRealArrayProperty(const std::string& name, double* loc, size_t count,
                                           const double* init);
-    GesturesProp* createStringProperty(const std::string name, const char** loc,
+    GesturesProp* createStringProperty(const std::string& name, const char** loc,
                                        const char* const init);
 
     void freeProperty(GesturesProp* prop);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
index 6ac0bfb..ff6d584 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
@@ -255,11 +255,12 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-void FakeEventHub::getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId, PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const {
+std::optional<PropertyMap> FakeEventHub::getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId) const {
     Device* device = getDevice(deviceId);
-    if (device) {
-        *outConfiguration = device->configuration;
+    if (device == nullptr) {
+        return {};
     }
+    return device->configuration;
 }
 
 status_t FakeEventHub::getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t deviceId, int axis,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.h
index 72f8ac0..e0a3f9e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.h
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
     ftl::Flags<InputDeviceClass> getDeviceClasses(int32_t deviceId) const override;
     InputDeviceIdentifier getDeviceIdentifier(int32_t deviceId) const override;
     int32_t getDeviceControllerNumber(int32_t) const override;
-    void getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId, PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const override;
+    std::optional<PropertyMap> getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId) const override;
     status_t getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t deviceId, int axis,
                                  RawAbsoluteAxisInfo* outAxisInfo) const override;
     bool hasRelativeAxis(int32_t deviceId, int axis) const override;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index e4ba241..e299643 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -230,10 +230,10 @@
             const auto& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(event);
             EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getEventTime(), args.eventTime);
             EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getAction(), args.action);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getX(0), point.x);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getY(0), point.y);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getRawX(0), point.x);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getRawY(0), point.y);
+            EXPECT_NEAR(motionEvent.getX(0), point.x, MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION);
+            EXPECT_NEAR(motionEvent.getY(0), point.y, MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION);
+            EXPECT_NEAR(motionEvent.getRawX(0), point.x, MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION);
+            EXPECT_NEAR(motionEvent.getRawY(0), point.y, MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION);
         });
     }
 
@@ -3938,8 +3938,7 @@
 public:
     void SetUp() override {
         InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
-        mDisplayInfos.clear();
-        mWindowInfos.clear();
+        removeAllWindowsAndDisplays();
     }
 
     void addDisplayInfo(int displayId, const ui::Transform& transform) {
@@ -3955,6 +3954,11 @@
         mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged(mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos);
     }
 
+    void removeAllWindowsAndDisplays() {
+        mDisplayInfos.clear();
+        mWindowInfos.clear();
+    }
+
     // Set up a test scenario where the display has a scaled projection and there are two windows
     // on the display.
     std::pair<sp<FakeWindowHandle>, sp<FakeWindowHandle>> setupScaledDisplayScenario() {
@@ -3987,11 +3991,11 @@
     std::vector<gui::WindowInfo> mWindowInfos;
 };
 
-TEST_F(InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest, HitTestsInDisplaySpace) {
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest, HitTestCoordinateSpaceConsistency) {
     auto [firstWindow, secondWindow] = setupScaledDisplayScenario();
     // Send down to the first window. The point is represented in the display space. The point is
-    // selected so that if the hit test was done with the transform applied to it, then it would
-    // end up in the incorrect window.
+    // selected so that if the hit test was performed with the point and the bounds being in
+    // different coordinate spaces, the event would end up in the incorrect window.
     NotifyMotionArgs downMotionArgs =
             generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {PointF{75, 55}});
@@ -4066,6 +4070,81 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(80, event->getY(0));
 }
 
+/** Ensure consistent behavior of InputDispatcher in all orientations. */
+class InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationFixture
+      : public InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest,
+        public ::testing::WithParamInterface<ui::Rotation> {};
+
+// This test verifies the touchable region of a window for all rotations of the display by tapping
+// in different locations on the display, specifically points close to the four corners of a
+// window.
+TEST_P(InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationFixture, HitTestInDifferentOrientations) {
+    constexpr static int32_t displayWidth = 400;
+    constexpr static int32_t displayHeight = 800;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+
+    const auto rotation = GetParam();
+
+    // Set up the display with the specified rotation.
+    const bool isRotated = rotation == ui::ROTATION_90 || rotation == ui::ROTATION_270;
+    const int32_t logicalDisplayWidth = isRotated ? displayHeight : displayWidth;
+    const int32_t logicalDisplayHeight = isRotated ? displayWidth : displayHeight;
+    const ui::Transform displayTransform(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(rotation),
+                                         logicalDisplayWidth, logicalDisplayHeight);
+    addDisplayInfo(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, displayTransform);
+
+    // Create a window with its bounds determined in the logical display.
+    const Rect frameInLogicalDisplay(100, 100, 200, 300);
+    const Rect frameInDisplay = displayTransform.inverse().transform(frameInLogicalDisplay);
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setFrame(frameInDisplay, displayTransform);
+    addWindow(window);
+
+    // The following points in logical display space should be inside the window.
+    static const std::array<vec2, 4> insidePoints{
+            {{100, 100}, {199.99, 100}, {100, 299.99}, {199.99, 299.99}}};
+    for (const auto pointInsideWindow : insidePoints) {
+        const vec2 p = displayTransform.inverse().transform(pointInsideWindow);
+        const PointF pointInDisplaySpace{p.x, p.y};
+        const auto down = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                             ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {pointInDisplaySpace});
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&down);
+        window->consumeMotionDown();
+
+        const auto up = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                           ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {pointInDisplaySpace});
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&up);
+        window->consumeMotionUp();
+    }
+
+    // The following points in logical display space should be outside the window.
+    static const std::array<vec2, 5> outsidePoints{
+            {{200, 100}, {100, 300}, {200, 300}, {100, 99.99}, {99.99, 100}}};
+    for (const auto pointOutsideWindow : outsidePoints) {
+        const vec2 p = displayTransform.inverse().transform(pointOutsideWindow);
+        const PointF pointInDisplaySpace{p.x, p.y};
+        const auto down = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                             ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {pointInDisplaySpace});
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&down);
+
+        const auto up = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                           ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {pointInDisplaySpace});
+        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&up);
+    }
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+// Run the precision tests for all rotations.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationTests,
+                         InputDispatcherDisplayOrientationFixture,
+                         ::testing::Values(ui::ROTATION_0, ui::ROTATION_90, ui::ROTATION_180,
+                                           ui::ROTATION_270),
+                         [](const testing::TestParamInfo<ui::Rotation>& testParamInfo) {
+                             return ftl::enum_string(testParamInfo.param);
+                         });
+
 using TransferFunction = std::function<bool(const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
                                             sp<IBinder>, sp<IBinder>)>;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 1119f73..711cfbf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -3658,8 +3658,8 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest_ExternalDevice, WakeBehavior) {
-    // For external devices, non-media keys will trigger wake on key down. Media keys need to be
-    // marked as WAKE in the keylayout file to trigger wake.
+    // For external devices, keys will trigger wake on key down. Media keys should also trigger
+    // wake if triggered from external devices.
 
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_HOME, 0, AKEYCODE_HOME, 0);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_PLAY, 0, AKEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY, 0);
@@ -3681,7 +3681,7 @@
 
     process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, KEY_PLAY, 1);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(uint32_t(0), args.policyFlags);
+    ASSERT_EQ(POLICY_FLAG_WAKE, args.policyFlags);
 
     process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + 1, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, KEY_PLAY, 0);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(&args));
@@ -6754,28 +6754,30 @@
     // The values inside DisplayViewport are expected to be pre-rotated. This updates the current
     // DisplayViewport to pre-rotate the values. The viewport's physical display will be set to the
     // rotated equivalent of the given un-rotated physical display bounds.
-    void configurePhysicalDisplay(ui::Rotation orientation, Rect naturalPhysicalDisplay) {
+    void configurePhysicalDisplay(ui::Rotation orientation, Rect naturalPhysicalDisplay,
+                                  int32_t naturalDisplayWidth = DISPLAY_WIDTH,
+                                  int32_t naturalDisplayHeight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT) {
         uint32_t inverseRotationFlags;
-        auto width = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
-        auto height = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+        auto rotatedWidth = naturalDisplayWidth;
+        auto rotatedHeight = naturalDisplayHeight;
         switch (orientation) {
             case ui::ROTATION_90:
                 inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_270;
-                std::swap(width, height);
+                std::swap(rotatedWidth, rotatedHeight);
                 break;
             case ui::ROTATION_180:
                 inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_180;
                 break;
             case ui::ROTATION_270:
                 inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_90;
-                std::swap(width, height);
+                std::swap(rotatedWidth, rotatedHeight);
                 break;
             case ui::ROTATION_0:
                 inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
                 break;
         }
 
-        const ui::Transform rotation(inverseRotationFlags, width, height);
+        const ui::Transform rotation(inverseRotationFlags, rotatedWidth, rotatedHeight);
         const Rect rotatedPhysicalDisplay = rotation.transform(naturalPhysicalDisplay);
 
         std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
@@ -6794,8 +6796,8 @@
         v.physicalRight = rotatedPhysicalDisplay.right;
         v.physicalBottom = rotatedPhysicalDisplay.bottom;
 
-        v.deviceWidth = width;
-        v.deviceHeight = height;
+        v.deviceWidth = rotatedWidth;
+        v.deviceHeight = rotatedHeight;
 
         v.isActive = true;
         v.uniqueId = UNIQUE_ID;
@@ -6909,6 +6911,243 @@
     }
 }
 
+// --- TouchscreenPrecisionTests ---
+
+// This test suite is used to ensure that touchscreen devices are scaled and configured correctly
+// in various orientations and with different display rotations. We configure the touchscreen to
+// have a higher resolution than that of the display by an integer scale factor in each axis so that
+// we can enforce that coordinates match precisely as expected.
+class TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture : public TouchDisplayProjectionTest,
+                                         public ::testing::WithParamInterface<ui::Rotation> {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        SingleTouchInputMapperTest::SetUp();
+
+        // Prepare the raw axes to have twice the resolution of the display in the X axis and
+        // four times the resolution of the display in the Y axis.
+        prepareButtons();
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_X, PRECISION_RAW_X_MIN, PRECISION_RAW_X_MAX,
+                                       PRECISION_RAW_X_FLAT, PRECISION_RAW_X_FUZZ,
+                                       PRECISION_RAW_X_RES);
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_Y, PRECISION_RAW_Y_MIN, PRECISION_RAW_Y_MAX,
+                                       PRECISION_RAW_Y_FLAT, PRECISION_RAW_Y_FUZZ,
+                                       PRECISION_RAW_Y_RES);
+    }
+
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_X_MIN = TouchInputMapperTest::RAW_X_MIN;
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_X_MAX = PRECISION_RAW_X_MIN + DISPLAY_WIDTH * 2 - 1;
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_Y_MIN = TouchInputMapperTest::RAW_Y_MIN;
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_Y_MAX = PRECISION_RAW_Y_MIN + DISPLAY_HEIGHT * 4 - 1;
+
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_X_RES = 50;  // units per millimeter
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_Y_RES = 100; // units per millimeter
+
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_X_FLAT = 16;
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_Y_FLAT = 32;
+
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_X_FUZZ = 4;
+    static const int32_t PRECISION_RAW_Y_FUZZ = 8;
+
+    static const std::array<Point, 4> kRawCorners;
+};
+
+const std::array<Point, 4> TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture::kRawCorners = {{
+        {PRECISION_RAW_X_MIN, PRECISION_RAW_Y_MIN}, // left-top
+        {PRECISION_RAW_X_MAX, PRECISION_RAW_Y_MIN}, // right-top
+        {PRECISION_RAW_X_MAX, PRECISION_RAW_Y_MAX}, // right-bottom
+        {PRECISION_RAW_X_MIN, PRECISION_RAW_Y_MAX}, // left-bottom
+}};
+
+// Tests for how the touchscreen is oriented relative to the natural orientation of the display.
+// For example, if a touchscreen is configured with an orientation of 90 degrees, it is a portrait
+// touchscreen panel that is used on a device whose natural display orientation is in landscape.
+TEST_P(TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture, OrientationPrecision) {
+    enum class Orientation {
+        ORIENTATION_0 = ui::toRotationInt(ui::ROTATION_0),
+        ORIENTATION_90 = ui::toRotationInt(ui::ROTATION_90),
+        ORIENTATION_180 = ui::toRotationInt(ui::ROTATION_180),
+        ORIENTATION_270 = ui::toRotationInt(ui::ROTATION_270),
+        ftl_last = ORIENTATION_270,
+    };
+    using Orientation::ORIENTATION_0, Orientation::ORIENTATION_90, Orientation::ORIENTATION_180,
+            Orientation::ORIENTATION_270;
+    static const std::map<Orientation, std::array<vec2, 4> /*mappedCorners*/> kMappedCorners = {
+            {ORIENTATION_0, {{{0, 0}, {479.5, 0}, {479.5, 799.75}, {0, 799.75}}}},
+            {ORIENTATION_90, {{{0, 479.5}, {0, 0}, {799.75, 0}, {799.75, 479.5}}}},
+            {ORIENTATION_180, {{{479.5, 799.75}, {0, 799.75}, {0, 0}, {479.5, 0}}}},
+            {ORIENTATION_270, {{{799.75, 0}, {799.75, 479.5}, {0, 479.5}, {0, 0}}}},
+    };
+
+    const auto touchscreenOrientation = static_cast<Orientation>(ui::toRotationInt(GetParam()));
+
+    // Configure the touchscreen as being installed in the one of the four different orientations
+    // relative to the display.
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.orientation", ftl::enum_string(touchscreenOrientation).c_str());
+    prepareDisplay(ui::ROTATION_0);
+
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    // If the touchscreen is installed in a rotated orientation relative to the display (i.e. in
+    // orientations of either 90 or 270) this means the display's natural resolution will be
+    // flipped.
+    const bool displayRotated =
+            touchscreenOrientation == ORIENTATION_90 || touchscreenOrientation == ORIENTATION_270;
+    const int32_t width = displayRotated ? DISPLAY_HEIGHT : DISPLAY_WIDTH;
+    const int32_t height = displayRotated ? DISPLAY_WIDTH : DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+    const Rect physicalFrame{0, 0, width, height};
+    configurePhysicalDisplay(ui::ROTATION_0, physicalFrame, width, height);
+
+    const auto& expectedPoints = kMappedCorners.at(touchscreenOrientation);
+    const float expectedPrecisionX = displayRotated ? 4 : 2;
+    const float expectedPrecisionY = displayRotated ? 2 : 4;
+
+    // Test all four corners.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        const auto& raw = kRawCorners[i];
+        processDown(mapper, raw.x, raw.y);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        const auto& expected = expectedPoints[i];
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                      WithCoords(expected.x, expected.y),
+                      WithPrecision(expectedPrecisionX, expectedPrecisionY))))
+                << "Failed to process raw point (" << raw.x << ", " << raw.y << ") "
+                << "with touchscreen orientation "
+                << ftl::enum_string(touchscreenOrientation).c_str() << ", expected point ("
+                << expected.x << ", " << expected.y << ").";
+        processUp(mapper);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                      WithCoords(expected.x, expected.y))));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture, RotationPrecisionWhenOrientationAware) {
+    static const std::map<ui::Rotation /*rotation*/, std::array<vec2, 4> /*mappedCorners*/>
+            kMappedCorners = {
+                    {ui::ROTATION_0, {{{0, 0}, {479.5, 0}, {479.5, 799.75}, {0, 799.75}}}},
+                    {ui::ROTATION_90, {{{0.5, 0}, {480, 0}, {480, 799.75}, {0.5, 799.75}}}},
+                    {ui::ROTATION_180, {{{0.5, 0.25}, {480, 0.25}, {480, 800}, {0.5, 800}}}},
+                    {ui::ROTATION_270, {{{0, 0.25}, {479.5, 0.25}, {479.5, 800}, {0, 800}}}},
+            };
+
+    const ui::Rotation displayRotation = GetParam();
+
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(displayRotation);
+
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    const auto& expectedPoints = kMappedCorners.at(displayRotation);
+
+    // Test all four corners.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        const auto& expected = expectedPoints[i];
+        const auto& raw = kRawCorners[i];
+        processDown(mapper, raw.x, raw.y);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                      WithCoords(expected.x, expected.y), WithPrecision(2, 4))))
+                << "Failed to process raw point (" << raw.x << ", " << raw.y << ") "
+                << "with display rotation " << ui::toCString(displayRotation)
+                << ", expected point (" << expected.x << ", " << expected.y << ").";
+        processUp(mapper);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                      WithCoords(expected.x, expected.y))));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture, RotationPrecisionOrientationAwareInOri270) {
+    static const std::map<ui::Rotation /*orientation*/, std::array<vec2, 4> /*mappedCorners*/>
+            kMappedCorners = {
+                    {ui::ROTATION_0, {{{799.75, 0}, {799.75, 479.5}, {0, 479.5}, {0, 0}}}},
+                    {ui::ROTATION_90, {{{800, 0}, {800, 479.5}, {0.25, 479.5}, {0.25, 0}}}},
+                    {ui::ROTATION_180, {{{800, 0.5}, {800, 480}, {0.25, 480}, {0.25, 0.5}}}},
+                    {ui::ROTATION_270, {{{799.75, 0.5}, {799.75, 480}, {0, 480}, {0, 0.5}}}},
+            };
+
+    const ui::Rotation displayRotation = GetParam();
+
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.orientation", "ORIENTATION_270");
+
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    // Ori 270, so width and height swapped
+    const Rect physicalFrame{0, 0, DISPLAY_HEIGHT, DISPLAY_WIDTH};
+    prepareDisplay(displayRotation);
+    configurePhysicalDisplay(displayRotation, physicalFrame, DISPLAY_HEIGHT, DISPLAY_WIDTH);
+
+    const auto& expectedPoints = kMappedCorners.at(displayRotation);
+
+    // Test all four corners.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        const auto& expected = expectedPoints[i];
+        const auto& raw = kRawCorners[i];
+        processDown(mapper, raw.x, raw.y);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                      WithCoords(expected.x, expected.y), WithPrecision(4, 2))))
+                << "Failed to process raw point (" << raw.x << ", " << raw.y << ") "
+                << "with display rotation " << ui::toCString(displayRotation)
+                << ", expected point (" << expected.x << ", " << expected.y << ").";
+        processUp(mapper);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                      WithCoords(expected.x, expected.y))));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture, MotionRangesAreOrientedInRotatedDisplay) {
+    const ui::Rotation displayRotation = GetParam();
+
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(displayRotation);
+
+    __attribute__((unused)) SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper =
+            addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo deviceInfo = mDevice->getDeviceInfo();
+    // MotionRanges use display pixels as their units
+    const auto* xRange = deviceInfo.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
+    const auto* yRange = deviceInfo.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
+
+    // The MotionRanges should be oriented in the rotated display's coordinate space
+    const bool displayRotated =
+            displayRotation == ui::ROTATION_90 || displayRotation == ui::ROTATION_270;
+
+    constexpr float MAX_X = 479.5;
+    constexpr float MAX_Y = 799.75;
+    EXPECT_EQ(xRange->min, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(yRange->min, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(xRange->max, displayRotated ? MAX_Y : MAX_X);
+    EXPECT_EQ(yRange->max, displayRotated ? MAX_X : MAX_Y);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(xRange->flat, 8.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(yRange->flat, 8.f);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(xRange->fuzz, 2.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(yRange->fuzz, 2.f);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(xRange->resolution, 25.f); // pixels per millimeter
+    EXPECT_EQ(yRange->resolution, 25.f); // pixels per millimeter
+}
+
+// Run the precision tests for all rotations.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(TouchscreenPrecisionTests, TouchscreenPrecisionTestsFixture,
+                         ::testing::Values(ui::ROTATION_0, ui::ROTATION_90, ui::ROTATION_180,
+                                           ui::ROTATION_270),
+                         [](const testing::TestParamInfo<ui::Rotation>& testParamInfo) {
+                             return ftl::enum_string(testParamInfo.param);
+                         });
+
 // --- ExternalStylusFusionTest ---
 
 class ExternalStylusFusionTest : public SingleTouchInputMapperTest {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
index b9d9607..edd14f8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
@@ -176,4 +176,10 @@
     return arg.downTime == downTime;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(WithPrecision, xPrecision, yPrecision, "MotionEvent with specified precision") {
+    *result_listener << "expected x-precision " << xPrecision << " and y-precision " << yPrecision
+                     << ", but got " << arg.xPrecision << " and " << arg.yPrecision;
+    return arg.xPrecision == xPrecision && arg.yPrecision == yPrecision;
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h
index 7c9be5c..546121d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@
     int32_t getDeviceControllerNumber(int32_t deviceId) const override {
         return mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     }
-    void getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId, PropertyMap* outConfiguration) const override {
-        *outConfiguration = mFuzzConfig;
+    std::optional<PropertyMap> getConfiguration(int32_t deviceId) const override {
+        return mFuzzConfig;
     }
     status_t getAbsoluteAxisInfo(int32_t deviceId, int axis,
                                  RawAbsoluteAxisInfo* outAxisInfo) const override {
diff --git a/services/memtrackproxy/MemtrackProxy.cpp b/services/memtrackproxy/MemtrackProxy.cpp
index 4676167..9e41a93 100644
--- a/services/memtrackproxy/MemtrackProxy.cpp
+++ b/services/memtrackproxy/MemtrackProxy.cpp
@@ -97,9 +97,14 @@
     return calling_pid == request_pid;
 }
 
-MemtrackProxy::MemtrackProxy()
-      : memtrack_hidl_instance_(MemtrackProxy::MemtrackHidlInstance()),
-        memtrack_aidl_instance_(MemtrackProxy::MemtrackAidlInstance()) {}
+MemtrackProxy::MemtrackProxy() {
+    memtrack_aidl_instance_ = MemtrackProxy::MemtrackAidlInstance();
+
+    // Only check for a HIDL implementation if we failed to get the AIDL service
+    if (!memtrack_aidl_instance_) {
+        memtrack_hidl_instance_ = MemtrackProxy::MemtrackHidlInstance();
+    }
+}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus MemtrackProxy::getMemory(int pid, MemtrackType type,
                                             std::vector<MemtrackRecord>* _aidl_return) {
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp
index 1b63d76..ee8ceb3 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 
-#include <ServiceManager.h>
+#include <fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
 #include <fuzzbinder/random_binder.h>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 [[clang::no_destroy]] static std::once_flag gSmOnce;
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
-    static android::sp<android::ServiceManager> fakeServiceManager = new android::ServiceManager();
+    static android::sp<android::FakeServiceManager> fakeServiceManager = new android::FakeServiceManager();
     std::call_once(gSmOnce, [&] { setDefaultServiceManager(fakeServiceManager); });
     fakeServiceManager->clear();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index 8555fd6..1a56ab7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, getValidateSkipped, (HalDisplayId), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(const aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties&,
                 getOverlaySupport, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(status_t, setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled, (PhysicalDisplayId, bool));
 };
 
 } // namespace mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index 9ad2edb..aa83883 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -1312,6 +1312,18 @@
                                  false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest, setCompositionTypeRefreshRateIndicator) {
+    mLayerFEState.compositionType = Composition::REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR;
+
+    expectGeometryCommonCalls();
+    expectPerFrameCommonCalls();
+    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls();
+    expectSetCompositionTypeCall(Composition::REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR);
+
+    mOutputLayer.writeStateToHWC(/*includeGeometry*/ true, /*skipLayer*/ false, 0,
+                                 /*zIsOverridden*/ false, /*isPeekingThrough*/ false);
+}
+
 /*
  * OutputLayer::uncacheBuffers
  */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 5f73fbc..3cdb3d5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@
                            capabilities.getDesiredMinLuminance());
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate,
-                                             bool showInMiddle) {
+void DisplayDevice::enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool setByHwc, bool showSpinner,
+                                             bool showRenderRate, bool showInMiddle) {
     if (!enable) {
         mRefreshRateOverlay.reset();
         return;
@@ -428,11 +428,22 @@
         features |= RefreshRateOverlay::Features::ShowInMiddle;
     }
 
+    if (setByHwc) {
+        features |= RefreshRateOverlay::Features::SetByHwc;
+    }
+
     const auto fpsRange = mRefreshRateSelector->getSupportedRefreshRateRange();
     mRefreshRateOverlay = std::make_unique<RefreshRateOverlay>(fpsRange, features);
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setLayerStack(getLayerStack());
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setViewport(getSize());
-    mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps(), getActiveMode().fps);
+    updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps(), getActiveMode().fps);
+}
+
+void DisplayDevice::updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (mRefreshRateOverlay && (!mRefreshRateOverlay->isSetByHwc() || setByHwc)) {
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(displayFps, renderFps);
+    }
 }
 
 bool DisplayDevice::onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId> desiredModeId,
@@ -441,7 +452,7 @@
         const auto newMode =
                 mRefreshRateSelector->onKernelTimerChanged(desiredModeId, timerExpired);
         if (newMode) {
-            mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(newMode->modePtr->getFps(), newMode->fps);
+            updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(newMode->modePtr->getFps(), newMode->fps);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -510,21 +521,21 @@
     mDesiredActiveModeChanged = false;
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::adjustRefreshRate(Fps leaderDisplayRefreshRate) {
+void DisplayDevice::adjustRefreshRate(Fps pacesetterDisplayRefreshRate) {
     using fps_approx_ops::operator==;
     if (mRequestedRefreshRate == 0_Hz) {
         return;
     }
 
     using fps_approx_ops::operator>;
-    if (mRequestedRefreshRate > leaderDisplayRefreshRate) {
-        mAdjustedRefreshRate = leaderDisplayRefreshRate;
+    if (mRequestedRefreshRate > pacesetterDisplayRefreshRate) {
+        mAdjustedRefreshRate = pacesetterDisplayRefreshRate;
         return;
     }
 
     unsigned divisor = static_cast<unsigned>(
-            std::round(leaderDisplayRefreshRate.getValue() / mRequestedRefreshRate.getValue()));
-    mAdjustedRefreshRate = leaderDisplayRefreshRate / divisor;
+            std::round(pacesetterDisplayRefreshRate.getValue() / mRequestedRefreshRate.getValue()));
+    mAdjustedRefreshRate = pacesetterDisplayRefreshRate / divisor;
 }
 
 std::atomic<int32_t> DisplayDeviceState::sNextSequenceId(1);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index b86d9be..d9c3e1c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -237,8 +237,9 @@
     }
 
     // Enables an overlay to be displayed with the current refresh rate
-    void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate,
+    void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool setByHwc, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate,
                                   bool showInMiddle) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc = false);
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const { return mRefreshRateOverlay != nullptr; }
     bool onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId>, bool timerExpired);
     void animateRefreshRateOverlay();
@@ -247,9 +248,9 @@
 
     Fps getAdjustedRefreshRate() const { return mAdjustedRefreshRate; }
 
-    // Round the requested refresh rate to match a divisor of the leader
+    // Round the requested refresh rate to match a divisor of the pacesetter
     // display's refresh rate. Only supported for virtual displays.
-    void adjustRefreshRate(Fps leaderDisplayRefreshRate);
+    void adjustRefreshRate(Fps pacesetterDisplayRefreshRate);
 
     // release HWC resources (if any) for removable displays
     void disconnect();
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@
     // for virtual displays to match this requested refresh rate.
     const Fps mRequestedRefreshRate;
 
-    // Adjusted refresh rate, rounded to match a divisor of the leader
+    // Adjusted refresh rate, rounded to match a divisor of the pacesetter
     // display's refresh rate. Only supported for virtual displays.
     Fps mAdjustedRefreshRate = 0_Hz;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
index 4194a7e..bd2680f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -1428,6 +1428,19 @@
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
+Error AidlComposer::setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(Display displayId, bool enabled) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(translate<int64_t>(
+                                                                                   displayId),
+                                                                           enabled);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled failed %s",
+              status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
 Error AidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
         Display display, ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness* outClientTargetProperty) {
     Error error = Error::NONE;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
index d163ff2..8313c09 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@
     void onHotplugDisconnect(Display) override;
     Error getHdrConversionCapabilities(std::vector<HdrConversionCapability>*) override;
     Error setHdrConversionStrategy(HdrConversionStrategy, Hdr*) override;
+    Error setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(Display, bool) override;
 
 private:
     // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
index 9b9b7fd..c65c572 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@
             std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>*) = 0;
     virtual Error setHdrConversionStrategy(
             ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy, Hdr*) = 0;
+    virtual Error setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(Display, bool) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index 470bf76..28148ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -808,6 +808,21 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t HWComposer::setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
+                                                               bool enabled) {
+    RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, BAD_INDEX);
+    const auto error =
+            mComposer->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(mDisplayData[displayId]
+                                                                         .hwcDisplay->getId(),
+                                                                 enabled);
+    if (error != hal::Error::NONE) {
+        ALOGE("Error in setting refresh refresh rate change callback debug enabled %s",
+              to_string(error).c_str());
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 status_t HWComposer::getDisplayDecorationSupport(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
         std::optional<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::DisplayDecorationSupport>*
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index 95568eb..7a3f41c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@
     virtual status_t setHdrConversionStrategy(
             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy,
             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr*) = 0;
+    virtual status_t setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId, bool enabled) = 0;
 };
 
 static inline bool operator==(const android::HWComposer::DeviceRequestedChanges& lhs,
@@ -453,6 +454,7 @@
     status_t setHdrConversionStrategy(
             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy,
             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr*) override;
+    status_t setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId, bool enabled) override;
 
     // for debugging ----------------------------------------------------------
     void dump(std::string& out) const override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
index 9bc62b6..23de4fa 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -1358,6 +1358,10 @@
     return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
 }
 
+Error HidlComposer::setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(Display, bool) {
+    return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+}
+
 Error HidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
         Display display, ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness* outClientTargetProperty) {
     IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty property;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
index 2bab1fe..d04652b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
@@ -348,6 +348,7 @@
             override;
     Error setHdrConversionStrategy(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy,
                                    Hdr*) override;
+    Error setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(Display, bool) override;
 
 private:
     class CommandWriter : public CommandWriterBase {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
index 6659825..5efa394 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+LayerCreationArgs::LayerCreationArgs(std::optional<uint32_t> id, bool internalLayer)
+      : LayerCreationArgs(nullptr, nullptr, /*name=*/"", /*flags=*/0, /*metadata=*/{}, id,
+                          internalLayer) {}
+
 LayerCreationArgs::LayerCreationArgs(const LayerCreationArgs& args)
       : LayerCreationArgs(args.flinger, args.client, args.name, args.flags, args.metadata) {}
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h
index 2cd6b55..8341e1d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
     LayerCreationArgs(android::SurfaceFlinger*, sp<android::Client>, std::string name,
                       uint32_t flags, gui::LayerMetadata, std::optional<uint32_t> id = std::nullopt,
                       bool internalLayer = false);
+    LayerCreationArgs(std::optional<uint32_t> id, bool internalLayer = false);
+
     LayerCreationArgs(const LayerCreationArgs&);
 
     android::SurfaceFlinger* flinger;
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@
     wp<IBinder> parentHandle = nullptr;
     wp<IBinder> mirrorLayerHandle = nullptr;
     ui::LayerStack layerStackToMirror = ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK;
+    uint32_t parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t layerIdToMirror = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
index 360a0a9..fe42422 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "LayerLifecycleManager"
 
 #include "LayerLifecycleManager.h"
-#include "Layer.h" // temporarily needed for LayerHandle
-#include "LayerHandle.h"
+#include "Client.h" // temporarily needed for LayerCreationArgs
 #include "LayerLog.h"
 #include "SwapErase.h"
 
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@
     for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
         for (const auto& resolvedComposerState : transaction.states) {
             const auto& clientState = resolvedComposerState.state;
-            uint32_t layerId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(clientState.surface);
+            uint32_t layerId = resolvedComposerState.layerId;
             if (layerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
                 ALOGW("%s Handle %p is not valid", __func__, clientState.surface.get());
                 continue;
@@ -175,18 +174,21 @@
 
             RequestedLayerState* layer = getLayerFromId(layerId);
             if (layer == nullptr) {
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer with handle %p (layerid=%d) not found", __func__,
-                                 clientState.surface.get(), layerId);
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer with layerid=%d not found", __func__, layerId);
                 continue;
             }
 
             if (!layer->handleAlive) {
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer's handle %p (layerid=%d) is not alive. Possible out of "
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer's with layerid=%d) is not alive. Possible out of "
                                  "order LayerLifecycleManager updates",
-                                 __func__, clientState.surface.get(), layerId);
+                                 __func__, layerId);
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if (transaction.flags & ISurfaceComposer::eAnimation) {
+                layer->changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Animation;
+            }
+
             uint32_t oldParentId = layer->parentId;
             uint32_t oldRelativeParentId = layer->relativeParentId;
             uint32_t oldTouchCropId = layer->touchCropId;
@@ -194,13 +196,11 @@
 
             if (layer->what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
                 if (layer->bgColorLayerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID && layer->bgColor.a != 0) {
-                    LayerCreationArgs backgroundLayerArgs{nullptr,
-                                                          nullptr,
-                                                          layer->name + "BackgroundColorLayer",
-                                                          ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect,
-                                                          {},
-                                                          layer->id,
-                                                          /*internalLayer=*/true};
+                    LayerCreationArgs backgroundLayerArgs(layer->id,
+                                                          /*internalLayer=*/true);
+                    backgroundLayerArgs.parentId = layer->id;
+                    backgroundLayerArgs.name = layer->name + "BackgroundColorLayer";
+                    backgroundLayerArgs.flags = ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect;
                     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> newLayers;
                     newLayers.emplace_back(
                             std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(backgroundLayerArgs));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
index e069a63..6fb2f57 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
     scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate frameRate;
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags fixedTransformHint;
     bool handleSkipScreenshotFlag = false;
+    int32_t frameRateSelectionPriority;
     LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath mirrorRootPath;
     bool unreachable = true;
     ChildState childState;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
index 344dab4..a16de1b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
     // InputDispatcher, and obviously if they aren't visible they can't occlude
     // anything.
     const bool visibleForInput =
-            (snapshot.inputInfo.token != nullptr) ? snapshot.canReceiveInput() : snapshot.isVisible;
+            snapshot.hasInputInfo() ? snapshot.canReceiveInput() : snapshot.isVisible;
     snapshot.inputInfo.setInputConfig(gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NOT_VISIBLE, !visibleForInput);
 }
 
@@ -773,6 +773,7 @@
         snapshot.layerOpaqueFlagSet =
                 (requested.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque) == layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque;
         snapshot.cachingHint = requested.cachingHint;
+        snapshot.frameRateSelectionPriority = requested.frameRateSelectionPriority;
     }
 
     if (forceUpdate || snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content)) {
@@ -954,12 +955,13 @@
         snapshot.inputInfo = *requested.windowInfoHandle->getInfo();
     } else {
         snapshot.inputInfo = {};
+        // b/271132344 revisit this and see if we can always use the layers uid/pid
+        snapshot.inputInfo.name = requested.name;
+        snapshot.inputInfo.ownerUid = static_cast<int32_t>(requested.ownerUid);
+        snapshot.inputInfo.ownerPid = requested.ownerPid;
     }
 
-    snapshot.inputInfo.name = requested.name;
     snapshot.inputInfo.id = static_cast<int32_t>(snapshot.uniqueSequence);
-    snapshot.inputInfo.ownerUid = static_cast<int32_t>(requested.ownerUid);
-    snapshot.inputInfo.ownerPid = requested.ownerPid;
     snapshot.inputInfo.displayId = static_cast<int32_t>(snapshot.outputFilter.layerStack.id);
     if (!needsInputInfo(snapshot, requested)) {
         return;
@@ -983,7 +985,9 @@
     }
 
     snapshot.inputInfo.alpha = snapshot.color.a;
-    snapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode = parentSnapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode;
+    snapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode = requested.hasInputInfo()
+            ? requested.windowInfoHandle->getInfo()->touchOcclusionMode
+            : parentSnapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode;
     if (requested.dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::ALL ||
         parentSnapshot.dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::ALL) {
         snapshot.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::ALL;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
index e2cbe28..a5fdaf4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "LayerCreationArgs.h"
-#include "LayerHandle.h"
 #include "LayerLog.h"
 #include "RequestedLayerState.h"
 
@@ -33,14 +32,6 @@
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
 
 namespace {
-uint32_t getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl) {
-    if (!surfaceControl) {
-        return UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
-    }
-
-    return LayerHandle::getLayerId(surfaceControl->getHandle());
-}
-
 std::string layerIdToString(uint32_t layerId) {
     return layerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID ? "none" : std::to_string(layerId);
 }
@@ -64,17 +55,17 @@
         layerCreationFlags(args.flags),
         textureName(args.textureName),
         ownerUid(args.ownerUid),
-        ownerPid(args.ownerPid) {
+        ownerPid(args.ownerPid),
+        parentId(args.parentId),
+        layerIdToMirror(args.layerIdToMirror) {
     layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(args.sequence);
     changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created;
     metadata.merge(args.metadata);
     changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Metadata;
     handleAlive = true;
-    parentId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.parentHandle.promote());
-    if (args.parentHandle != nullptr) {
+    if (parentId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
         canBeRoot = false;
     }
-    layerIdToMirror = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.mirrorLayerHandle.promote());
     if (layerIdToMirror != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Mirror;
     } else if (args.layerStackToMirror != ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK) {
@@ -209,7 +200,7 @@
     }
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eReparent) {
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Parent;
-        parentId = getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(clientState.parentSurfaceControlForChild);
+        parentId = resolvedComposerState.parentId;
         parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
         // Once a layer has be reparented, it cannot be placed at the root. It sounds odd
         // but thats the existing logic and until we make this behavior more explicit, we need
@@ -218,7 +209,7 @@
     }
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::RelativeParent;
-        relativeParentId = getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(clientState.relativeLayerSurfaceControl);
+        relativeParentId = resolvedComposerState.relativeParentId;
         isRelativeOf = true;
         relativeLayerSurfaceControl = nullptr;
     }
@@ -235,10 +226,8 @@
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::RelativeParent;
     }
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
-        wp<IBinder>& touchableRegionCropHandle =
-                windowInfoHandle->editInfo()->touchableRegionCropHandle;
-        touchCropId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(touchableRegionCropHandle.promote());
-        touchableRegionCropHandle.clear();
+        touchCropId = resolvedComposerState.touchCropId;
+        windowInfoHandle->editInfo()->touchableRegionCropHandle.clear();
     }
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eStretchChanged) {
         stretchEffect.sanitize();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
index 8b475a3..216e95f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
         VisibleRegion = 1u << 14,
         Buffer = 1u << 15,
         SidebandStream = 1u << 16,
+        Animation = 1u << 17,
     };
     static Rect reduce(const Rect& win, const Region& exclude);
     RequestedLayerState(const LayerCreationArgs&);
@@ -104,17 +105,17 @@
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
     gui::GameMode gameMode;
     scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate requestedFrameRate;
-    ui::LayerStack layerStackToMirror = ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK;
+    uint32_t parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
     uint32_t layerIdToMirror = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    ui::LayerStack layerStackToMirror = ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK;
+    uint32_t touchCropId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t bgColorLayerId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
 
     // book keeping states
     bool handleAlive = true;
     bool isRelativeOf = false;
-    uint32_t parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
-    uint32_t relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
     std::vector<uint32_t> mirrorIds{};
-    uint32_t touchCropId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
-    uint32_t bgColorLayerId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
     ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> changes;
     bool bgColorLayer = false;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 433606a..0f2af2f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@
         mDrawingState.color.b = -1.0_hf;
     }
 
-    mFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(args.flinger->mScheduler->getLeaderVsyncPeriod().ns());
+    mFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(
+            args.flinger->mScheduler->getPacesetterVsyncPeriod().ns());
 
     mOwnerUid = args.ownerUid;
     mOwnerPid = args.ownerPid;
@@ -680,6 +681,9 @@
     } else if ((mDrawingState.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerIsDisplayDecoration) != 0) {
         snapshot->compositionType =
                 aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition::DISPLAY_DECORATION;
+    } else if ((mDrawingState.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator) != 0) {
+        snapshot->compositionType =
+                aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition::REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR;
     } else {
         // Normal buffer layers
         snapshot->hdrMetadata = mBufferInfo.mHdrMetadata;
@@ -1253,7 +1257,7 @@
         return parentFrameRate;
     }();
 
-    *transactionNeeded |= setFrameRateForLayerTree(frameRate);
+    *transactionNeeded |= setFrameRateForLayerTreeLegacy(frameRate);
 
     // The frame rate is propagated to the children
     bool childrenHaveFrameRate = false;
@@ -1267,7 +1271,7 @@
     if (!frameRate.rate.isValid() && frameRate.type != FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote &&
         childrenHaveFrameRate) {
         *transactionNeeded |=
-                setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
+                setFrameRateForLayerTreeLegacy(FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
     }
 
     // We return whether this layer ot its children has a vote. We ignore ExactOrMultiple votes for
@@ -1419,7 +1423,7 @@
     return surfaceFrame;
 }
 
-bool Layer::setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate frameRate) {
+bool Layer::setFrameRateForLayerTreeLegacy(FrameRate frameRate) {
     if (mDrawingState.frameRateForLayerTree == frameRate) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -1432,9 +1436,21 @@
     mDrawingState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
 
-    using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
-    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, systemTime(), LayerUpdateType::SetFrameRate);
+    mFlinger->mScheduler
+            ->recordLayerHistory(sequence, getLayerProps(), systemTime(),
+                                 scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::SetFrameRate);
+    return true;
+}
 
+bool Layer::setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate frameRate, const scheduler::LayerProps& layerProps) {
+    if (mDrawingState.frameRateForLayerTree == frameRate) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mDrawingState.frameRateForLayerTree = frameRate;
+    mFlinger->mScheduler
+            ->recordLayerHistory(sequence, layerProps, systemTime(),
+                                 scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::SetFrameRate);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -3037,6 +3053,10 @@
                                       mLastClientCompositionFence);
             mLastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
         }
+    } else {
+        // if we are latching a buffer for the first time then clear the mLastLatchTime since
+        // we don't want to incorrectly classify a frame if we miss the desired present time.
+        updateLastLatchTime(0);
     }
 
     mDrawingState.producerId = bufferData.producerId;
@@ -3056,7 +3076,7 @@
     } else {
         mCallbackHandleAcquireTimeOrFence = mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime->getSignalTime();
     }
-
+    mDrawingState.latchedVsyncId = info.vsyncId;
     mDrawingState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
 
@@ -3066,18 +3086,9 @@
     mDrawingState.desiredPresentTime = desiredPresentTime;
     mDrawingState.isAutoTimestamp = isAutoTimestamp;
 
-    const nsecs_t presentTime = [&] {
-        if (!isAutoTimestamp) return desiredPresentTime;
-
-        const auto prediction =
-                mFlinger->mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager()->getPredictionsForToken(info.vsyncId);
-        if (prediction.has_value()) return prediction->presentTime;
-
-        return static_cast<nsecs_t>(0);
-    }();
-
-    using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
-    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, presentTime, LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    if (mFlinger->mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
+        recordLayerHistoryBufferUpdate(getLayerProps());
+    }
 
     setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(info, postTime);
 
@@ -3094,6 +3105,32 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void Layer::setDesiredPresentTime(nsecs_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp) {
+    mDrawingState.desiredPresentTime = desiredPresentTime;
+    mDrawingState.isAutoTimestamp = isAutoTimestamp;
+}
+
+void Layer::recordLayerHistoryBufferUpdate(const scheduler::LayerProps& layerProps) {
+    const nsecs_t presentTime = [&] {
+        if (!mDrawingState.isAutoTimestamp) return mDrawingState.desiredPresentTime;
+
+        const auto prediction = mFlinger->mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager()->getPredictionsForToken(
+                mDrawingState.latchedVsyncId);
+        if (prediction.has_value()) return prediction->presentTime;
+
+        return static_cast<nsecs_t>(0);
+    }();
+    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(sequence, layerProps, presentTime,
+                                             scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+}
+
+void Layer::recordLayerHistoryAnimationTx(const scheduler::LayerProps& layerProps) {
+    const nsecs_t presentTime =
+            mDrawingState.isAutoTimestamp ? 0 : mDrawingState.desiredPresentTime;
+    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(sequence, layerProps, presentTime,
+                                             scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
+}
+
 bool Layer::setDataspace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     mDrawingState.dataspaceRequested = true;
     if (mDrawingState.dataspace == dataspace) return false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 4309aca..2fb122c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@
         float currentSdrHdrRatio = 1.f;
         float desiredSdrHdrRatio = 1.f;
         gui::CachingHint cachingHint = gui::CachingHint::Enabled;
+        int64_t latchedVsyncId = 0;
     };
 
     explicit Layer(const LayerCreationArgs& args);
@@ -305,6 +306,7 @@
                    const BufferData& /* bufferData */, nsecs_t /* postTime */,
                    nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/, bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/,
                    std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */, const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/);
+    void setDesiredPresentTime(nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/, bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/);
     bool setDataspace(ui::Dataspace /*dataspace*/);
     bool setExtendedRangeBrightness(float currentBufferRatio, float desiredRatio);
     bool setCachingHint(gui::CachingHint cachingHint);
@@ -851,7 +853,20 @@
     void callReleaseBufferCallback(const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& listener,
                                    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, uint64_t framenumber,
                                    const sp<Fence>& releaseFence);
-    bool setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate);
+    bool setFrameRateForLayerTreeLegacy(FrameRate);
+    bool setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate, const scheduler::LayerProps&);
+    void recordLayerHistoryBufferUpdate(const scheduler::LayerProps&);
+    void recordLayerHistoryAnimationTx(const scheduler::LayerProps&);
+    auto getLayerProps() const {
+        return scheduler::LayerProps{
+                .visible = isVisible(),
+                .bounds = getBounds(),
+                .transform = getTransform(),
+                .setFrameRateVote = getFrameRateForLayerTree(),
+                .frameRateSelectionPriority = getFrameRateSelectionPriority(),
+        };
+    };
+    bool hasBuffer() const { return mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr; }
 
 protected:
     // For unit tests
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index 0ade467..9a4261d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <SkBlendMode.h>
 #include <SkRect.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
-#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
@@ -46,15 +45,6 @@
 constexpr int kBufferWidth = kMaxDigits * kDigitWidth + (kMaxDigits - 1) * kDigitSpace;
 constexpr int kBufferHeight = kDigitHeight;
 
-SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction createTransaction(const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface) {
-    constexpr float kFrameRate = 0.f;
-    constexpr int8_t kCompatibility = ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE;
-    constexpr int8_t kSeamlessness = ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ONLY_IF_SEAMLESS;
-
-    return SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction().setFrameRate(surface, kFrameRate, kCompatibility,
-                                                             kSeamlessness);
-}
-
 } // namespace
 
 SurfaceControlHolder::~SurfaceControlHolder() {
@@ -242,7 +232,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get())
+    createTransaction()
             .setLayer(mSurfaceControl->get(), INT32_MAX - 2)
             .setTrustedOverlay(mSurfaceControl->get(), true)
             .apply();
@@ -272,14 +262,14 @@
         }
     }();
 
-    createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get())
-            .setTransform(mSurfaceControl->get(), transform)
-            .apply();
+    createTransaction().setTransform(mSurfaceControl->get(), transform).apply();
 
     BufferCache::const_iterator it =
             mBufferCache.find({displayFps.getIntValue(), renderFps.getIntValue(), transformHint});
     if (it == mBufferCache.end()) {
-        const int minFps = mFpsRange.min.getIntValue();
+        // HWC minFps is not known by the framework in order
+        // to consider lower rates we set minFps to 0.
+        const int minFps = isSetByHwc() ? 0 : mFpsRange.min.getIntValue();
         const int maxFps = mFpsRange.max.getIntValue();
 
         // Clamp to the range. The current displayFps may be outside of this range if the display
@@ -327,7 +317,7 @@
         frame.offsetBy(width >> 1, height >> 4);
     }
 
-    createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get())
+    createTransaction()
             .setMatrix(mSurfaceControl->get(), frame.getWidth() / static_cast<float>(kBufferWidth),
                        0, 0, frame.getHeight() / static_cast<float>(kBufferHeight))
             .setPosition(mSurfaceControl->get(), frame.left, frame.top)
@@ -335,14 +325,14 @@
 }
 
 void RefreshRateOverlay::setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack stack) {
-    createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get()).setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl->get(), stack).apply();
+    createTransaction().setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl->get(), stack).apply();
 }
 
 void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRefreshRate(Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps) {
     mDisplayFps = displayFps;
     mRenderFps = renderFps;
     const auto buffer = getOrCreateBuffers(displayFps, renderFps)[mFrame];
-    createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get()).setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
+    createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
 }
 
 void RefreshRateOverlay::animate() {
@@ -351,7 +341,23 @@
     const auto& buffers = getOrCreateBuffers(*mDisplayFps, *mRenderFps);
     mFrame = (mFrame + 1) % buffers.size();
     const auto buffer = buffers[mFrame];
-    createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get()).setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
+    createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
+}
+
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction RefreshRateOverlay::createTransaction() const {
+    constexpr float kFrameRate = 0.f;
+    constexpr int8_t kCompatibility = ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE;
+    constexpr int8_t kSeamlessness = ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ONLY_IF_SEAMLESS;
+
+    const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface = mSurfaceControl->get();
+
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction transaction;
+    if (isSetByHwc()) {
+        transaction.setFlags(surface, layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator,
+                             layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator);
+    }
+    transaction.setFrameRate(surface, kFrameRate, kCompatibility, kSeamlessness);
+    return transaction;
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index b68a88c..0b89b8e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <ftl/flags.h>
 #include <ftl/small_map.h>
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
         Spinner = 1 << 0,
         RenderRate = 1 << 1,
         ShowInMiddle = 1 << 2,
+        SetByHwc = 1 << 3,
     };
 
     RefreshRateOverlay(FpsRange, ftl::Flags<Features>);
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@
     void setViewport(ui::Size);
     void changeRefreshRate(Fps, Fps);
     void animate();
+    bool isSetByHwc() const { return mFeatures.test(RefreshRateOverlay::Features::SetByHwc); }
 
 private:
     using Buffers = std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>;
@@ -82,6 +85,8 @@
 
     const Buffers& getOrCreateBuffers(Fps, Fps);
 
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction createTransaction() const;
+
     struct Key {
         int displayFps;
         int renderFps;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
index e853833..beaf972 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
@@ -118,27 +118,17 @@
     }
 }
 
-void LayerHistory::record(Layer* layer, nsecs_t presentTime, nsecs_t now,
-                          LayerUpdateType updateType) {
+void LayerHistory::record(int32_t id, const LayerProps& layerProps, nsecs_t presentTime,
+                          nsecs_t now, LayerUpdateType updateType) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-    auto id = layer->getSequence();
-
     auto [found, layerPair] = findLayer(id);
     if (found == LayerStatus::NotFound) {
         // Offscreen layer
-        ALOGV("%s: %s not registered", __func__, layer->getName().c_str());
+        ALOGV("%s: %d not registered", __func__, id);
         return;
     }
 
     const auto& info = layerPair->second;
-    const auto layerProps = LayerInfo::LayerProps{
-            .visible = layer->isVisible(),
-            .bounds = layer->getBounds(),
-            .transform = layer->getTransform(),
-            .setFrameRateVote = layer->getFrameRateForLayerTree(),
-            .frameRateSelectionPriority = layer->getFrameRateSelectionPriority(),
-    };
-
     info->setLastPresentTime(presentTime, now, updateType, mModeChangePending, layerProps);
 
     // Set frame rate to attached choreographer.
@@ -149,7 +139,7 @@
         while (it != range.second) {
             sp<EventThreadConnection> choreographerConnection = it->second.promote();
             if (choreographerConnection) {
-                choreographerConnection->frameRate = layer->getFrameRateForLayerTree().rate;
+                choreographerConnection->frameRate = layerProps.setFrameRateVote.rate;
                 it++;
             } else {
                 it = mAttachedChoreographers.erase(it);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
index 68e7030..69caf9f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 namespace scheduler {
 
 class LayerInfo;
+struct LayerProps;
 
 class LayerHistory {
 public:
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@
     };
 
     // Marks the layer as active, and records the given state to its history.
-    void record(Layer*, nsecs_t presentTime, nsecs_t now, LayerUpdateType updateType);
+    void record(int32_t id, const LayerProps& props, nsecs_t presentTime, nsecs_t now,
+                LayerUpdateType updateType);
 
     // Updates the default frame rate compatibility which takes effect when the app
     // does not set a preference for refresh rate.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
index 0142ccd..5a90d58 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
@@ -44,14 +44,17 @@
         mOwnerUid(ownerUid),
         mDefaultVote(defaultVote),
         mLayerVote({defaultVote, Fps()}),
-        mRefreshRateHistory(name) {}
+        mLayerProps(std::make_unique<LayerProps>()),
+        mRefreshRateHistory(name) {
+    ;
+}
 
 void LayerInfo::setLastPresentTime(nsecs_t lastPresentTime, nsecs_t now, LayerUpdateType updateType,
-                                   bool pendingModeChange, LayerProps props) {
+                                   bool pendingModeChange, const LayerProps& props) {
     lastPresentTime = std::max(lastPresentTime, static_cast<nsecs_t>(0));
 
     mLastUpdatedTime = std::max(lastPresentTime, now);
-    mLayerProps = props;
+    *mLayerProps = props;
     switch (updateType) {
         case LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX:
             mLastAnimationTime = std::max(lastPresentTime, now);
@@ -305,6 +308,26 @@
     return mTraceTags.at(type).c_str();
 }
 
+LayerInfo::FrameRate LayerInfo::getSetFrameRateVote() const {
+    return mLayerProps->setFrameRateVote;
+}
+
+bool LayerInfo::isVisible() const {
+    return mLayerProps->visible;
+}
+
+int32_t LayerInfo::getFrameRateSelectionPriority() const {
+    return mLayerProps->frameRateSelectionPriority;
+}
+
+FloatRect LayerInfo::getBounds() const {
+    return mLayerProps->bounds;
+}
+
+ui::Transform LayerInfo::getTransform() const {
+    return mLayerProps->transform;
+}
+
 LayerInfo::RefreshRateHistory::HeuristicTraceTagData
 LayerInfo::RefreshRateHistory::makeHeuristicTraceTagData() const {
     const std::string prefix = "LFPS ";
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index 93485be..a3523ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 namespace scheduler {
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-
+struct LayerProps;
 // Maximum period between presents for a layer to be considered active.
 constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS = 1200ms;
 
@@ -132,19 +132,11 @@
     LayerInfo(const LayerInfo&) = delete;
     LayerInfo& operator=(const LayerInfo&) = delete;
 
-    struct LayerProps {
-        bool visible = false;
-        FloatRect bounds;
-        ui::Transform transform;
-        FrameRate setFrameRateVote;
-        int32_t frameRateSelectionPriority = -1;
-    };
-
     // Records the last requested present time. It also stores information about when
     // the layer was last updated. If the present time is farther in the future than the
     // updated time, the updated time is the present time.
     void setLastPresentTime(nsecs_t lastPresentTime, nsecs_t now, LayerUpdateType updateType,
-                            bool pendingModeChange, LayerProps props);
+                            bool pendingModeChange, const LayerProps& props);
 
     // Sets an explicit layer vote. This usually comes directly from the application via
     // ANativeWindow_setFrameRate API
@@ -168,13 +160,11 @@
     // updated time, the updated time is the present time.
     nsecs_t getLastUpdatedTime() const { return mLastUpdatedTime; }
 
-    FrameRate getSetFrameRateVote() const { return mLayerProps.setFrameRateVote; }
-    bool isVisible() const { return mLayerProps.visible; }
-    int32_t getFrameRateSelectionPriority() const { return mLayerProps.frameRateSelectionPriority; }
-
-    FloatRect getBounds() const { return mLayerProps.bounds; }
-
-    ui::Transform getTransform() const { return mLayerProps.transform; }
+    FrameRate getSetFrameRateVote() const;
+    bool isVisible() const;
+    int32_t getFrameRateSelectionPriority() const;
+    FloatRect getBounds() const;
+    ui::Transform getTransform() const;
 
     // Returns a C string for tracing a vote
     const char* getTraceTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const;
@@ -294,7 +284,7 @@
     static constexpr size_t HISTORY_SIZE = RefreshRateHistory::HISTORY_SIZE;
     static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds HISTORY_DURATION = 1s;
 
-    LayerProps mLayerProps;
+    std::unique_ptr<LayerProps> mLayerProps;
 
     RefreshRateHistory mRefreshRateHistory;
 
@@ -304,5 +294,13 @@
     static bool sTraceEnabled;
 };
 
+struct LayerProps {
+    bool visible = false;
+    FloatRect bounds;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    LayerInfo::FrameRate setFrameRateVote;
+    int32_t frameRateSelectionPriority = -1;
+};
+
 } // namespace scheduler
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index f6fe468..9cddc68 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
         // significantly faster than the display rate, at it would cause a significant frame drop.
         // It is more appropriate to choose a higher display rate even if
         // a pull-down will be required.
-        constexpr float kMinMultiplier = 0.25f;
+        constexpr float kMinMultiplier = 0.75f;
         if (multiplier >= kMinMultiplier &&
             isFractionalPairOrMultiple(refreshRate, layer.desiredRefreshRate)) {
             return kScoreForFractionalPairs;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 064f853..6e33272 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
     mTouchTimer.reset();
 
     // Stop idle timer and clear callbacks, as the RefreshRateSelector may outlive the Scheduler.
-    demoteLeaderDisplay();
+    demotePacesetterDisplay();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::startTimers() {
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::setLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderIdOpt) {
-    demoteLeaderDisplay();
+void Scheduler::setPacesetterDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> pacesetterIdOpt) {
+    demotePacesetterDisplay();
 
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
-    promoteLeaderDisplay(leaderIdOpt);
+    promotePacesetterDisplay(pacesetterIdOpt);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
@@ -121,17 +121,17 @@
 void Scheduler::registerDisplayInternal(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                         RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
                                         std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> vsyncSchedule) {
-    demoteLeaderDisplay();
+    demotePacesetterDisplay();
 
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     mRefreshRateSelectors.emplace_or_replace(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
     mVsyncSchedules.emplace_or_replace(displayId, std::move(vsyncSchedule));
 
-    promoteLeaderDisplay();
+    promotePacesetterDisplay();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
-    demoteLeaderDisplay();
+    demotePacesetterDisplay();
 
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     mRefreshRateSelectors.erase(displayId);
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
     // headless virtual display.)
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mRefreshRateSelectors.empty(), "Cannot unregister all displays!");
 
-    promoteLeaderDisplay();
+    promotePacesetterDisplay();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::run() {
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
 
 std::optional<Fps> Scheduler::getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const {
     const bool supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent =
-            leaderSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
+            pacesetterSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
     return mFrameRateOverrideMappings
             .getFrameRateOverrideForUid(uid, supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent);
 }
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
 
 impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction Scheduler::makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const {
     return [this](uid_t uid) {
-        const Fps refreshRate = leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps;
+        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps;
         const nsecs_t currentPeriod =
                 getVsyncSchedule()->period().ns() ?: refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
 
 void Scheduler::onFrameRateOverridesChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
     const bool supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent =
-            leaderSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
+            pacesetterSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
 
     std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides =
             mFrameRateOverrideMappings.getAllFrameRateOverrides(supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent);
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
     // If the mode is not the current mode, this means that a
     // mode change is in progress. In that case we shouldn't dispatch an event
     // as it will be dispatched when the current mode changes.
-    if (leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode() != mPolicy.modeOpt) {
+    if (pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode() != mPolicy.modeOpt) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::resyncAllToHardwareVsync(bool allowToEnable) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
@@ -487,10 +488,10 @@
     mLayerHistory.deregisterLayer(layer);
 }
 
-void Scheduler::recordLayerHistory(Layer* layer, nsecs_t presentTime,
+void Scheduler::recordLayerHistory(int32_t id, const LayerProps& layerProps, nsecs_t presentTime,
                                    LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType updateType) {
-    if (leaderSelectorPtr()->canSwitch()) {
-        mLayerHistory.record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
+    if (pacesetterSelectorPtr()->canSwitch()) {
+        mLayerHistory.record(id, layerProps, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
     }
 }
 
@@ -504,7 +505,7 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::chooseRefreshRateForContent() {
-    const auto selectorPtr = leaderSelectorPtr();
+    const auto selectorPtr = pacesetterSelectorPtr();
     if (!selectorPtr->canSwitch()) return;
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -514,22 +515,22 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::resetIdleTimer() {
-    leaderSelectorPtr()->resetIdleTimer();
+    pacesetterSelectorPtr()->resetIdleTimer();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onTouchHint() {
     if (mTouchTimer) {
         mTouchTimer->reset();
-        leaderSelectorPtr()->resetKernelIdleTimer();
+        pacesetterSelectorPtr()->resetKernelIdleTimer();
     }
 }
 
 void Scheduler::setDisplayPowerMode(PhysicalDisplayId id, hal::PowerMode powerMode) {
-    const bool isLeader = [this, id]() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
+    const bool isPacesetter = [this, id]() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(mDisplayLock);
-        return id == mLeaderDisplayId;
+        return id == mPacesetterDisplayId;
     }();
-    if (isLeader) {
+    if (isPacesetter) {
         // TODO (b/255657128): This needs to be handled per display.
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
         mPolicy.displayPowerMode = powerMode;
@@ -539,7 +540,7 @@
         auto vsyncSchedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(id);
         vsyncSchedule->getController().setDisplayPowerMode(powerMode);
     }
-    if (!isLeader) return;
+    if (!isPacesetter) return;
 
     if (mDisplayPowerTimer) {
         mDisplayPowerTimer->reset();
@@ -560,8 +561,8 @@
         std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt) const {
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
     if (!idOpt) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mLeaderDisplayId, "Missing a leader!");
-        idOpt = mLeaderDisplayId;
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mPacesetterDisplayId, "Missing a pacesetter!");
+        idOpt = mPacesetterDisplayId;
     }
     auto scheduleOpt = mVsyncSchedules.get(*idOpt);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!scheduleOpt);
@@ -573,7 +574,7 @@
 
     // TODO(145561154): cleanup the kernel idle timer implementation and the refresh rate
     // magic number
-    const Fps refreshRate = leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+    const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
 
     constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER = 65_Hz;
     using namespace fps_approx_ops;
@@ -637,7 +638,7 @@
         {
             std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
             ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-            dumper.dump("leaderDisplayId"sv, mLeaderDisplayId);
+            dumper.dump("pacesetterDisplayId"sv, mPacesetterDisplayId);
         }
         dumper.dump("layerHistory"sv, mLayerHistory.dump());
         dumper.dump("touchTimer"sv, mTouchTimer.transform(&OneShotTimer::interval));
@@ -651,13 +652,13 @@
 void Scheduler::dumpVsync(std::string& out) const {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-    if (mLeaderDisplayId) {
-        base::StringAppendF(&out, "VsyncSchedule for leader %s:\n",
-                            to_string(*mLeaderDisplayId).c_str());
+    if (mPacesetterDisplayId) {
+        base::StringAppendF(&out, "VsyncSchedule for pacesetter %s:\n",
+                            to_string(*mPacesetterDisplayId).c_str());
         getVsyncScheduleLocked()->dump(out);
     }
     for (auto& [id, vsyncSchedule] : mVsyncSchedules) {
-        if (id == mLeaderDisplayId) {
+        if (id == mPacesetterDisplayId) {
             continue;
         }
         base::StringAppendF(&out, "VsyncSchedule for follower %s:\n", to_string(id).c_str());
@@ -669,31 +670,31 @@
     if (consideredSignals.idle) return false;
 
     const auto frameRateOverrides =
-            leaderSelectorPtr()->getFrameRateOverrides(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
-                                                       displayRefreshRate, consideredSignals);
+            pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getFrameRateOverrides(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
+                                                           displayRefreshRate, consideredSignals);
 
     // Note that RefreshRateSelector::supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent is checked when querying
     // the FrameRateOverrideMappings rather than here.
     return mFrameRateOverrideMappings.updateFrameRateOverridesByContent(frameRateOverrides);
 }
 
-void Scheduler::promoteLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderIdOpt) {
-    // TODO(b/241286431): Choose the leader display.
-    mLeaderDisplayId = leaderIdOpt.value_or(mRefreshRateSelectors.begin()->first);
-    ALOGI("Display %s is the leader", to_string(*mLeaderDisplayId).c_str());
+void Scheduler::promotePacesetterDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> pacesetterIdOpt) {
+    // TODO(b/241286431): Choose the pacesetter display.
+    mPacesetterDisplayId = pacesetterIdOpt.value_or(mRefreshRateSelectors.begin()->first);
+    ALOGI("Display %s is the pacesetter", to_string(*mPacesetterDisplayId).c_str());
 
-    auto vsyncSchedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(*mLeaderDisplayId);
-    if (const auto leaderPtr = leaderSelectorPtrLocked()) {
-        leaderPtr->setIdleTimerCallbacks(
+    auto vsyncSchedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(*mPacesetterDisplayId);
+    if (const auto pacesetterPtr = pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked()) {
+        pacesetterPtr->setIdleTimerCallbacks(
                 {.platform = {.onReset = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
                               .onExpired = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }},
                  .kernel = {.onReset = [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
                             .onExpired =
                                     [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }}});
 
-        leaderPtr->startIdleTimer();
+        pacesetterPtr->startIdleTimer();
 
-        const Fps refreshRate = leaderPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
         vsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mSchedulerCallback, refreshRate.getPeriod(),
                                              true /* force */);
     }
@@ -707,14 +708,14 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::demoteLeaderDisplay() {
+void Scheduler::demotePacesetterDisplay() {
     // No need to lock for reads on kMainThreadContext.
-    if (const auto leaderPtr = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mDisplayLock, leaderSelectorPtrLocked())) {
-        leaderPtr->stopIdleTimer();
-        leaderPtr->clearIdleTimerCallbacks();
+    if (const auto pacesetterPtr = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mDisplayLock, pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked())) {
+        pacesetterPtr->stopIdleTimer();
+        pacesetterPtr->clearIdleTimerCallbacks();
     }
 
-    // Clear state that depends on the leader's RefreshRateSelector.
+    // Clear state that depends on the pacesetter's RefreshRateSelector.
     std::scoped_lock lock(mPolicyLock);
     mPolicy = {};
 }
@@ -743,10 +744,11 @@
 
             modeChoices = chooseDisplayModes();
 
-            // TODO(b/240743786): The leader display's mode must change for any DisplayModeRequest
-            // to go through. Fix this by tracking per-display Scheduler::Policy and timers.
+            // TODO(b/240743786): The pacesetter display's mode must change for any
+            // DisplayModeRequest to go through. Fix this by tracking per-display Scheduler::Policy
+            // and timers.
             std::tie(modeOpt, consideredSignals) =
-                    modeChoices.get(*mLeaderDisplayId)
+                    modeChoices.get(*mPacesetterDisplayId)
                             .transform([](const DisplayModeChoice& choice) {
                                 return std::make_pair(choice.mode, choice.consideredSignals);
                             })
@@ -879,7 +881,7 @@
 FrameRateMode Scheduler::getPreferredDisplayMode() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
     const auto frameRateMode =
-            leaderSelectorPtr()
+            pacesetterSelectorPtr()
                     ->getRankedFrameRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements, makeGlobalSignals())
                     .ranking.front()
                     .frameRateMode;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 7374054..74547d5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@
 
     void startTimers();
 
-    // TODO(b/241285191): Remove this API by promoting leader in onScreen{Acquired,Released}.
-    void setLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId>) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
+    // TODO(b/241285191): Remove this API by promoting pacesetter in onScreen{Acquired,Released}.
+    void setPacesetterDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId>) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
             EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     using RefreshRateSelectorPtr = std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector>;
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@
     void setDuration(ConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
 
-    const VsyncModulator& vsyncModulator() const { return *mVsyncModulator; }
+    VsyncModulator& vsyncModulator() { return *mVsyncModulator; }
 
-    // In some cases, we should only modulate for the leader display. In those
+    // In some cases, we should only modulate for the pacesetter display. In those
     // cases, the caller should pass in the relevant display, and the method
-    // will no-op if it's not the leader. Other cases are not specific to a
+    // will no-op if it's not the pacesetter. Other cases are not specific to a
     // display.
     template <typename... Args,
               typename Handler = std::optional<VsyncConfig> (VsyncModulator::*)(Args...)>
@@ -177,13 +177,13 @@
         if (id) {
             std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
             ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-            if (id != mLeaderDisplayId) {
+            if (id != mPacesetterDisplayId) {
                 return;
             }
         }
 
         if (const auto config = (*mVsyncModulator.*handler)(args...)) {
-            setVsyncConfig(*config, getLeaderVsyncPeriod());
+            setVsyncConfig(*config, getPacesetterVsyncPeriod());
         }
     }
 
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@
 
     // Layers are registered on creation, and unregistered when the weak reference expires.
     void registerLayer(Layer*);
-    void recordLayerHistory(Layer*, nsecs_t presentTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType)
-            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void recordLayerHistory(int32_t id, const LayerProps& layerProps, nsecs_t presentTime,
+                            LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void setModeChangePending(bool pending);
     void setDefaultFrameRateCompatibility(Layer*);
     void deregisterLayer(Layer*);
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
     void dump(ConnectionHandle, std::string&) const;
     void dumpVsync(std::string&) const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    // Returns the preferred refresh rate and frame rate for the leader display.
+    // Returns the preferred refresh rate and frame rate for the pacesetter display.
     FrameRateMode getPreferredDisplayMode();
 
     // Notifies the scheduler about a refresh rate timeline change.
@@ -277,12 +277,12 @@
     // Retrieves the overridden refresh rate for a given uid.
     std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t) const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    Period getLeaderVsyncPeriod() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
-        return leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriod();
+    Period getPacesetterVsyncPeriod() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+        return pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriod();
     }
 
-    Fps getLeaderRefreshRate() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
-        return leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps;
+    Fps getPacesetterRefreshRate() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+        return pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps;
     }
 
     // Returns the framerate of the layer with the given sequence ID
@@ -318,14 +318,14 @@
     void resyncAllToHardwareVsync(bool allowToEnable) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void setVsyncConfig(const VsyncConfig&, Period vsyncPeriod);
 
-    // Chooses a leader among the registered displays, unless `leaderIdOpt` is specified. The new
-    // `mLeaderDisplayId` is never `std::nullopt`.
-    void promoteLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderIdOpt = std::nullopt)
+    // Chooses a pacesetter among the registered displays, unless `pacesetterIdOpt` is specified.
+    // The new `mPacesetterDisplayId` is never `std::nullopt`.
+    void promotePacesetterDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> pacesetterIdOpt = std::nullopt)
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext, mDisplayLock);
 
-    // Blocks until the leader's idle timer thread exits. `mDisplayLock` must not be locked by the
-    // caller on the main thread to avoid deadlock, since the timer thread locks it before exit.
-    void demoteLeaderDisplay() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock, mPolicyLock);
+    // Blocks until the pacesetter's idle timer thread exits. `mDisplayLock` must not be locked by
+    // the caller on the main thread to avoid deadlock, since the timer thread locks it before exit.
+    void demotePacesetterDisplay() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock, mPolicyLock);
 
     void registerDisplayInternal(PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr,
                                  std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
@@ -415,23 +415,23 @@
     display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>> mVsyncSchedules
             GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock) GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    ftl::Optional<PhysicalDisplayId> mLeaderDisplayId GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock)
+    ftl::Optional<PhysicalDisplayId> mPacesetterDisplayId GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock)
             GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    RefreshRateSelectorPtr leaderSelectorPtr() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+    RefreshRateSelectorPtr pacesetterSelectorPtr() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
-        return leaderSelectorPtrLocked();
+        return pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked();
     }
 
-    RefreshRateSelectorPtr leaderSelectorPtrLocked() const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
+    RefreshRateSelectorPtr pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked() const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        const RefreshRateSelectorPtr noLeader;
-        return mLeaderDisplayId
-                .and_then([this](PhysicalDisplayId leaderId)
+        const RefreshRateSelectorPtr noPacesetter;
+        return mPacesetterDisplayId
+                .and_then([this](PhysicalDisplayId pacesetterId)
                                   REQUIRES(mDisplayLock, kMainThreadContext) {
-                                      return mRefreshRateSelectors.get(leaderId);
+                                      return mRefreshRateSelectors.get(pacesetterId);
                                   })
-                .value_or(std::cref(noLeader));
+                .value_or(std::cref(noPacesetter));
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<const VsyncSchedule> getVsyncScheduleLocked(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp
index c9af4c2..586357f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@
     static_cast<void>(updateVsyncConfigLocked());
 }
 
-bool VsyncModulator::isVsyncConfigDefault() const {
+bool VsyncModulator::isVsyncConfigEarly() const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-    return getNextVsyncConfigType() == VsyncConfigType::Late;
+    return getNextVsyncConfigType() != VsyncConfigType::Late;
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
index dc4dafd..be0d334 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
@@ -53,8 +53,12 @@
 
     explicit VsyncModulator(const VsyncConfigSet&, Now = Clock::now);
 
+    bool isVsyncConfigEarly() const EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
     VsyncConfig getVsyncConfig() const EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
+    void cancelRefreshRateChange() { mRefreshRateChangePending = false; }
+
     [[nodiscard]] VsyncConfig setVsyncConfigSet(const VsyncConfigSet&) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
     // Changes offsets in response to transaction flags or commit.
@@ -72,8 +76,6 @@
 
     [[nodiscard]] VsyncConfigOpt onDisplayRefresh(bool usedGpuComposition);
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool isVsyncConfigDefault() const;
-
 protected:
     // Called from unit tests as well
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>&) override EXCLUDES(mMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
index 62e37db..84671ae 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
@@ -176,10 +176,16 @@
 
 void VsyncSchedule::disableHardwareVsync(ISchedulerCallback& callback, bool disallow) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHwVsyncLock);
-    if (mHwVsyncState == HwVsyncState::Enabled) {
-        callback.setVsyncEnabled(mId, false);
+    switch (mHwVsyncState) {
+        case HwVsyncState::Enabled:
+            callback.setVsyncEnabled(mId, false);
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case HwVsyncState::Disabled:
+            mHwVsyncState = disallow ? HwVsyncState::Disallowed : HwVsyncState::Disabled;
+            break;
+        case HwVsyncState::Disallowed:
+            break;
     }
-    mHwVsyncState = disallow ? HwVsyncState::Disallowed : HwVsyncState::Disabled;
 }
 
 bool VsyncSchedule::isHardwareVsyncAllowed(bool makeAllowed) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index f0f1632..e902a3d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -292,6 +292,13 @@
             displayHdrCapabilities.getDesiredMinLuminance()};
 }
 
+uint32_t getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl) {
+    if (!surfaceControl) {
+        return UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    }
+    return LayerHandle::getLayerId(surfaceControl->getHandle());
+}
+
 }  // namespace anonymous
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -456,6 +463,7 @@
         android::hardware::details::setTrebleTestingOverride(true);
     }
 
+    // TODO (b/270966065) Update the HWC based refresh rate overlay to support spinner
     mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = property_get_bool("debug.sf.show_refresh_rate_overlay_spinner", 0);
     mRefreshRateOverlayRenderRate =
             property_get_bool("debug.sf.show_refresh_rate_overlay_render_rate", 0);
@@ -473,9 +481,9 @@
             {.late = base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.send_late_power_session_hint"s, true),
              .early = base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.send_early_power_session_hint"s, false)};
     mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled =
-            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_layer_lifecycle_manager"s, false);
+            base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.sf.enable_layer_lifecycle_manager"s, false);
     mLegacyFrontEndEnabled = !mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled ||
-            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_legacy_frontend"s, true);
+            base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.sf.enable_legacy_frontend"s, false);
 }
 
 LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
@@ -496,14 +504,13 @@
     // the window manager died on us. prepare its eulogy.
     mBootFinished = false;
 
-    // Sever the link to inputflinger since it's gone as well.
-    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule(
-            [this] { mInputFlinger.clear(); }));
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([this]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
+        // Sever the link to inputflinger since it's gone as well.
+        mInputFlinger.clear();
 
-    // restore initial conditions (default device unblank, etc)
-    initializeDisplays();
+        initializeDisplays();
+    }));
 
-    // restart the boot-animation
     startBootAnim();
 }
 
@@ -872,7 +879,9 @@
     mDrawingState = mCurrentState;
 
     onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(nullptr, *display);
-    initializeDisplays();
+
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule(
+            [this]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) { initializeDisplays(); }));
 
     mPowerAdvisor->init();
 
@@ -1588,8 +1597,8 @@
     const auto aidlConversionCapability = getHwComposer().getHdrConversionCapabilities();
     for (auto capability : aidlConversionCapability) {
         gui::HdrConversionCapability tempCapability;
-        tempCapability.sourceType = static_cast<int>(capability.sourceType.hdr);
-        tempCapability.outputType = static_cast<int>(capability.outputType->hdr);
+        tempCapability.sourceType = static_cast<int>(capability.sourceType);
+        tempCapability.outputType = static_cast<int>(capability.outputType);
         tempCapability.addsLatency = capability.addsLatency;
         hdrConversionCapabilities->push_back(tempCapability);
     }
@@ -2098,8 +2107,24 @@
     mScheduler->forceNextResync();
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onRefreshRateChangedDebug(const RefreshRateChangedDebugData&) {
-    // TODO(b/202734676) update refresh rate value on the RefreshRateOverlay
+void SurfaceFlinger::onRefreshRateChangedDebug(const RefreshRateChangedDebugData& data) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (const auto displayId = getHwComposer().toPhysicalDisplayId(data.display); displayId) {
+        const Fps fps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(data.vsyncPeriodNanos);
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("%s Fps %d", __func__, fps.getIntValue());
+        static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock) {
+            {
+                {
+                    const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(*displayId);
+                    FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext,
+                                   display->updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(fps,
+                                                                         display->getActiveMode()
+                                                                                 .fps,
+                                                                         /* setByHwc */ true));
+                }
+            }
+        }));
+    }
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setVsyncEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId id, bool enabled) {
@@ -2178,6 +2203,38 @@
     return mustComposite;
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateLayerHistory(const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    using Changes = frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes;
+    if (snapshot.path.isClone() ||
+        !snapshot.changes.any(Changes::FrameRate | Changes::Buffer | Changes::Animation)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto layerProps = scheduler::LayerProps{
+            .visible = snapshot.isVisible,
+            .bounds = snapshot.geomLayerBounds,
+            .transform = snapshot.geomLayerTransform,
+            .setFrameRateVote = snapshot.frameRate,
+            .frameRateSelectionPriority = snapshot.frameRateSelectionPriority,
+    };
+
+    auto it = mLegacyLayers.find(snapshot.sequence);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mLegacyLayers.end(), "Couldnt find layer object for %s",
+                        snapshot.getDebugString().c_str());
+
+    if (snapshot.changes.test(Changes::Animation)) {
+        it->second->recordLayerHistoryAnimationTx(layerProps);
+    }
+
+    if (snapshot.changes.test(Changes::FrameRate)) {
+        it->second->setFrameRateForLayerTree(snapshot.frameRate, layerProps);
+    }
+
+    if (snapshot.changes.test(Changes::Buffer)) {
+        it->second->recordLayerHistoryBufferUpdate(layerProps);
+    }
+}
+
 bool SurfaceFlinger::updateLayerSnapshots(VsyncId vsyncId, LifecycleUpdate& update,
                                           bool transactionsFlushed, bool& outTransactionsAreEmpty) {
     using Changes = frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes;
@@ -2219,7 +2276,7 @@
     }
 
     if (mLayerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().any(Changes::Geometry | Changes::Input |
-                                                      Changes::Hierarchy)) {
+                                                      Changes::Hierarchy | Changes::Visibility)) {
         mUpdateInputInfo = true;
     }
     if (mLayerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().any(Changes::VisibleRegion | Changes::Hierarchy |
@@ -2257,6 +2314,7 @@
         }
 
         for (auto& snapshot : mLayerSnapshotBuilder.getSnapshots()) {
+            updateLayerHistory(*snapshot);
             if (!snapshot->hasReadyFrame) continue;
             newDataLatched = true;
             if (!snapshot->isVisible) break;
@@ -3366,7 +3424,7 @@
     }
 
     if (display->isVirtual()) {
-        display->adjustRefreshRate(mScheduler->getLeaderRefreshRate());
+        display->adjustRefreshRate(mScheduler->getPacesetterRefreshRate());
     }
 
     mDisplays.try_emplace(displayToken, std::move(display));
@@ -3435,7 +3493,7 @@
 
             // TODO(b/175678251) Call a listener instead.
             if (currentState.physical->hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getPrimaryHwcDisplayId()) {
-                updateActiveDisplayVsyncLocked(*display);
+                resetPhaseConfiguration(display->getActiveMode().fps);
             }
         }
         return;
@@ -3469,9 +3527,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::updateActiveDisplayVsyncLocked(const DisplayDevice& activeDisplay) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::resetPhaseConfiguration(Fps refreshRate) {
+    // Cancel the pending refresh rate change, if any, before updating the phase configuration.
+    mScheduler->vsyncModulator().cancelRefreshRateChange();
+
     mVsyncConfiguration->reset();
-    const Fps refreshRate = activeDisplay.getActiveMode().fps;
     updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
 }
@@ -3954,8 +4014,14 @@
             mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(layer));
         } else {
             layer->useEmptyDamage();
-            // If the layer has frames we will update the latch time when latching the buffer.
-            layer->updateLastLatchTime(latchTime);
+            if (!layer->hasBuffer()) {
+                // The last latch time is used to classify a missed frame as buffer stuffing
+                // instead of a missed frame. This is used to identify scenarios where we
+                // could not latch a buffer or apply a transaction due to backpressure.
+                // We only update the latch time for buffer less layers here, the latch time
+                // is updated for buffer layers when the buffer is latched.
+                layer->updateLastLatchTime(latchTime);
+            }
         }
     });
     mForceTransactionDisplayChange = false;
@@ -4005,7 +4071,7 @@
     return !mLayersWithQueuedFrames.empty() && newDataLatched;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::addClientLayer(const LayerCreationArgs& args, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::addClientLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
                                         const sp<Layer>& layer, const wp<Layer>& parent,
                                         uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
     if (mNumLayers >= MAX_LAYERS) {
@@ -4035,7 +4101,8 @@
     if (outTransformHint) {
         *outTransformHint = mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
     }
-
+    args.parentId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.parentHandle.promote());
+    args.layerIdToMirror = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.mirrorLayerHandle.promote());
     {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
         mCreatedLayers.emplace_back(layer, parent, args.addToRoot);
@@ -4063,6 +4130,7 @@
     ATRACE_INT("mTransactionFlags", transactionFlags);
 
     if (const bool scheduled = transactionFlags & mask; !scheduled) {
+        mScheduler->resync();
         scheduleCommit(frameHint);
     } else if (frameHint == FrameHint::kActive) {
         // Even if the next frame is already scheduled, we should reset the idle timer
@@ -4106,7 +4174,12 @@
         const TransactionHandler::TransactionFlushState& flushState) {
     using TransactionReadiness = TransactionHandler::TransactionReadiness;
     auto ready = TransactionReadiness::Ready;
-    flushState.transaction->traverseStatesWithBuffersWhileTrue([&](const layer_state_t& s) -> bool {
+    flushState.transaction->traverseStatesWithBuffersWhileTrue([&](const layer_state_t& s,
+                                                                   const std::shared_ptr<
+                                                                           renderengine::
+                                                                                   ExternalTexture>&
+                                                                           externalTexture)
+                                                                       -> bool {
         sp<Layer> layer = LayerHandle::getLayer(s.surface);
         const auto& transaction = *flushState.transaction;
         // check for barrier frames
@@ -4116,7 +4189,8 @@
             // don't wait on the barrier since we know that's stale information.
             if (layer->getDrawingState().producerId > s.bufferData->producerId) {
                 layer->callReleaseBufferCallback(s.bufferData->releaseBufferListener,
-                                                 s.bufferData->buffer, s.bufferData->frameNumber,
+                                                 externalTexture->getBuffer(),
+                                                 s.bufferData->frameNumber,
                                                  s.bufferData->acquireFence);
                 // Delete the entire state at this point and not just release the buffer because
                 // everything associated with the Layer in this Transaction is now out of date.
@@ -4199,7 +4273,7 @@
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions,
                                        VsyncId vsyncId) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
     return applyTransactionsLocked(transactions, vsyncId);
 }
 
@@ -4280,9 +4354,8 @@
         // We don't want to latch unsignaled if are in early / client composition
         // as it leads to jank due to RenderEngine waiting for unsignaled buffer
         // or window animations being slow.
-        const auto isDefaultVsyncConfig = mScheduler->vsyncModulator().isVsyncConfigDefault();
-        if (!isDefaultVsyncConfig) {
-            ALOGV("%s: false (LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer; !isDefaultVsyncConfig)",
+        if (mScheduler->vsyncModulator().isVsyncConfigEarly()) {
+            ALOGV("%s: false (LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer; isVsyncConfigEarly)",
                   __func__);
             return false;
         }
@@ -4361,6 +4434,21 @@
                                                      layerName.c_str(), transactionId);
             mBufferCountTracker.increment(resolvedState.state.surface->localBinder());
         }
+        resolvedState.layerId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(resolvedState.state.surface);
+        if (resolvedState.state.what & layer_state_t::eReparent) {
+            resolvedState.parentId =
+                    getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(resolvedState.state.parentSurfaceControlForChild);
+        }
+        if (resolvedState.state.what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
+            resolvedState.relativeParentId =
+                    getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(resolvedState.state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl);
+        }
+        if (resolvedState.state.what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
+            wp<IBinder>& touchableRegionCropHandle =
+                    resolvedState.state.windowInfoHandle->editInfo()->touchableRegionCropHandle;
+            resolvedState.touchCropId =
+                    LayerHandle::getLayerId(touchableRegionCropHandle.promote());
+        }
     }
 
     TransactionState state{frameTimelineInfo,
@@ -4435,10 +4523,14 @@
         }
         if ((flags & eAnimation) && resolvedState.state.surface) {
             if (const auto layer = LayerHandle::getLayer(resolvedState.state.surface)) {
-                using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
-                mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(),
-                                               isAutoTimestamp ? 0 : desiredPresentTime,
-                                               LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
+                const auto layerProps = scheduler::LayerProps{
+                        .visible = layer->isVisible(),
+                        .bounds = layer->getBounds(),
+                        .transform = layer->getTransform(),
+                        .setFrameRateVote = layer->getFrameRateForLayerTree(),
+                        .frameRateSelectionPriority = layer->getFrameRateSelectionPriority(),
+                };
+                layer->recordLayerHistoryAnimationTx(layerProps);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4481,7 +4573,7 @@
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::applyAndCommitDisplayTransactionStates(
         std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
     bool needsTraversal = false;
     uint32_t transactionFlags = 0;
     for (auto& transaction : transactions) {
@@ -4899,6 +4991,10 @@
         layer->setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(frameTimelineInfo, postTime);
     }
 
+    if ((what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) == 0) {
+        layer->setDesiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp);
+    }
+
     if (what & layer_state_t::eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged) {
         if (layer->setTrustedPresentationInfo(s.trustedPresentationThresholds,
                                               s.trustedPresentationListener)) {
@@ -5007,6 +5103,10 @@
         layer->setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(frameTimelineInfo, postTime);
     }
 
+    if ((what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) == 0) {
+        layer->setDesiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp);
+    }
+
     if (what & layer_state_t::eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged) {
         if (layer->setTrustedPresentationInfo(s.trustedPresentationThresholds,
                                               s.trustedPresentationListener)) {
@@ -5020,16 +5120,6 @@
     if (layer->setTransactionCompletedListeners(callbackHandles, willPresentCurrentTransaction))
         flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
 
-    for (auto& snapshot : mLayerSnapshotBuilder.getSnapshots()) {
-        if (snapshot->path.isClone() ||
-            !snapshot->changes.test(frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate))
-            continue;
-        auto it = mLegacyLayers.find(snapshot->sequence);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mLegacyLayers.end(), "Couldnt find layer object for %s",
-                            snapshot->getDebugString().c_str());
-        it->second->setFrameRateForLayerTree(snapshot->frameRate);
-    }
-
     return flags;
 }
 
@@ -5221,8 +5311,8 @@
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onInitializeDisplays() {
-    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+void SurfaceFlinger::initializeDisplays() {
+    const auto display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
     if (!display) return;
 
     const sp<IBinder> token = display->getDisplayToken().promote();
@@ -5230,13 +5320,13 @@
 
     TransactionState state;
     state.inputWindowCommands = mInputWindowCommands;
-    nsecs_t now = systemTime();
+    const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
     state.desiredPresentTime = now;
     state.postTime = now;
     state.permissions = layer_state_t::ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER;
     state.originPid = mPid;
     state.originUid = static_cast<int>(getuid());
-    uint64_t transactionId = (((uint64_t)mPid) << 32) | mUniqueTransactionId++;
+    const uint64_t transactionId = (static_cast<uint64_t>(mPid) << 32) | mUniqueTransactionId++;
     state.id = transactionId;
 
     // reset screen orientation and use primary layer stack
@@ -5256,21 +5346,16 @@
     std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
     transactions.emplace_back(state);
 
-    // It should be on the main thread, apply it directly.
     if (mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
-        applyTransactionsLocked(transactions, /*vsyncId=*/{0});
+        applyTransactions(transactions, VsyncId{0});
     } else {
         applyAndCommitDisplayTransactionStates(transactions);
     }
 
-    setPowerModeInternal(display, hal::PowerMode::ON);
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::initializeDisplays() {
-    // Async since we may be called from the main thread.
-    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule(
-            [this]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock)
-                    FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) { onInitializeDisplays(); }));
+    {
+        ftl::FakeGuard guard(mStateLock);
+        setPowerModeInternal(display, hal::PowerMode::ON);
+    }
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, hal::PowerMode mode) {
@@ -7525,10 +7610,20 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable) {
+    bool setByHwc = getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::REFRESH_RATE_CHANGED_CALLBACK_DEBUG);
     for (const auto& [id, display] : mPhysicalDisplays) {
         if (display.snapshot().connectionType() == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal) {
+            if (setByHwc) {
+                const auto status =
+                        getHwComposer().setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(id, enable);
+                if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+                    ALOGE("Error updating the refresh rate changed callback debug enabled");
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
             if (const auto device = getDisplayDeviceLocked(id)) {
-                device->enableRefreshRateOverlay(enable, mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner,
+                device->enableRefreshRateOverlay(enable, setByHwc, mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner,
                                                  mRefreshRateOverlayRenderRate,
                                                  mRefreshRateOverlayShowInMiddle);
             }
@@ -7647,26 +7742,32 @@
                                                   const DisplayDevice& activeDisplay) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
+    // For the first display activated during boot, there is no need to force setDesiredActiveMode,
+    // because DM is about to send its policy via setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs.
+    bool forceApplyPolicy = false;
+
     if (inactiveDisplayPtr) {
         inactiveDisplayPtr->getCompositionDisplay()->setLayerCachingTexturePoolEnabled(false);
+        forceApplyPolicy = true;
     }
 
     mActiveDisplayId = activeDisplay.getPhysicalId();
     activeDisplay.getCompositionDisplay()->setLayerCachingTexturePoolEnabled(true);
 
-    updateActiveDisplayVsyncLocked(activeDisplay);
+    resetPhaseConfiguration(activeDisplay.getActiveMode().fps);
+
     mScheduler->setModeChangePending(false);
-    mScheduler->setLeaderDisplay(mActiveDisplayId);
+    mScheduler->setPacesetterDisplay(mActiveDisplayId);
 
     onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(activeDisplay);
     mActiveDisplayTransformHint = activeDisplay.getTransformHint();
 
-    // The policy of the new active/leader display may have changed while it was inactive. In that
-    // case, its preferred mode has not been propagated to HWC (via setDesiredActiveMode). In either
-    // case, the Scheduler's cachedModeChangedParams must be initialized to the newly active mode,
-    // and the kernel idle timer of the newly active display must be toggled.
-    constexpr bool kForce = true;
-    applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(mActiveDisplayId, activeDisplay.refreshRateSelector(), kForce);
+    // The policy of the new active/pacesetter display may have changed while it was inactive. In
+    // that case, its preferred mode has not been propagated to HWC (via setDesiredActiveMode). In
+    // either case, the Scheduler's cachedModeChangedParams must be initialized to the newly active
+    // mode, and the kernel idle timer of the newly active display must be toggled.
+    applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(mActiveDisplayId, activeDisplay.refreshRateSelector(),
+                                   forceApplyPolicy);
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::addWindowInfosListener(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index b353a48..63d54bc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -726,6 +726,7 @@
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
     bool updateLayerSnapshots(VsyncId vsyncId, LifecycleUpdate& update, bool transactionsFlushed,
                               bool& out) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void updateLayerHistory(const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot);
     LifecycleUpdate flushLifecycleUpdates() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     void updateInputFlinger();
@@ -736,6 +737,8 @@
     void updateCursorAsync();
 
     void initScheduler(const sp<const DisplayDevice>&) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext, mStateLock);
+
+    void resetPhaseConfiguration(Fps) REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
     void updatePhaseConfiguration(Fps) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     /*
@@ -817,7 +820,7 @@
     void markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(const sp<Layer>& layer);
 
     // add a layer to SurfaceFlinger
-    status_t addClientLayer(const LayerCreationArgs& args, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
+    status_t addClientLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
                             const sp<Layer>& layer, const wp<Layer>& parentLayer,
                             uint32_t* outTransformHint);
 
@@ -854,8 +857,7 @@
      */
 
     // Called during boot, and restart after system_server death.
-    void initializeDisplays();
-    void onInitializeDisplays() REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
+    void initializeDisplays() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     sp<const DisplayDevice> getDisplayDeviceLocked(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken) const
             REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
@@ -1120,9 +1122,6 @@
                                                std::chrono::nanoseconds presentLatency);
     int getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(Fps refreshRate) const;
 
-    void updateActiveDisplayVsyncLocked(const DisplayDevice& activeDisplay)
-            REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
-
     bool isHdrLayer(const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot) const;
 
     ui::Rotation getPhysicalDisplayOrientation(DisplayId, bool isPrimary) const
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
index 6c5a8b2..2daea25 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
 #include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
@@ -39,6 +40,10 @@
     ResolvedComposerState() = default;
     ResolvedComposerState(ComposerState&& source) { state = std::move(source.state); }
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
+    uint32_t layerId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t touchCropId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
 };
 
 struct TransactionState {
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@
         for (auto state = states.begin(); state != states.end();) {
             if (state->state.hasBufferChanges() && state->state.hasValidBuffer() &&
                 state->state.surface) {
-                int result = visitor(state->state);
+                int result = visitor(state->state, state->externalTexture);
                 if (result == STOP_TRAVERSAL) return;
                 if (result == DELETE_AND_CONTINUE_TRAVERSAL) {
                     state = states.erase(state);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
index cfb2032..72cecc9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
 
     auto &mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory; }
 
-    auto refreshRateSelector() { return leaderSelectorPtr(); }
+    auto refreshRateSelector() { return pacesetterSelectorPtr(); }
 
     void replaceTouchTimer(int64_t millis) {
         if (mTouchTimer) {
@@ -402,9 +402,8 @@
     SurfaceFlinger *flinger() { return mFlinger.get(); }
     scheduler::TestableScheduler *scheduler() { return mScheduler; }
 
-    // Allow reading display state without locking, as if called on the SF main thread.
-    auto onInitializeDisplays() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        return mFlinger->onInitializeDisplays();
+    void initializeDisplays() {
+        FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mFlinger->initializeDisplays());
     }
 
     void setGlobalShadowSettings(FuzzedDataProvider *fdp) {
@@ -542,7 +541,7 @@
                 mFlinger->createDisplay(String8(fdp->ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()),
                                         fdp->ConsumeBool());
 
-        onInitializeDisplays();
+        initializeDisplays();
         mFlinger->getPhysicalDisplayToken(physicalDisplayId);
 
         mFlinger->mStartPropertySetThread =
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
index f6b2c8e..f17d2e1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@
     sp<FuzzImplLayer> layer2 = sp<FuzzImplLayer>::make(flinger.flinger());
 
     for (int i = 0; i < historySize; ++i) {
-        historyV1.record(layer1.get(), time1, time1,
+        historyV1.record(layer1->getSequence(), layer1->getLayerProps(), time1, time1,
                          scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-        historyV1.record(layer2.get(), time2, time2,
+        historyV1.record(layer2->getSequence(), layer2->getLayerProps(), time2, time2,
                          scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time1 += mFdp.PickValueInArray(kVsyncPeriods);
         time2 += mFdp.PickValueInArray(kVsyncPeriods);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index eac9edc..df3ffd2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -103,17 +103,18 @@
         "SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_ExcludeDolbyVisionTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayNativePrimariesTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_HdrOutputControlTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp",
-        "SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayLeaderTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_InitializeDisplaysTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayPacesetterTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp",
-        "SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_PowerHintTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_SetDisplayStateTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_UpdateLayerMetadataSnapshotTest.cpp",
-        "SurfaceFlinger_ExcludeDolbyVisionTest.cpp",
         "SchedulerTest.cpp",
         "SetFrameRateTest.cpp",
         "RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
index 77dc868..ddf3363 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
@@ -17,12 +17,9 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
-#include "Layer.h"
 #include "LayerHierarchyTest.h"
-#include "gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h"
 
 #define UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(HIERARCHY)  \
     ({                                \
@@ -207,7 +204,8 @@
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
-    reparentRelativeLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
+    // This calls setLayer
+    removeRelativeZ(11);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 111, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2};
@@ -418,7 +416,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getOffscreenHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
 
     // remove relative parent so layer becomes onscreen again
-    reparentRelativeLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
+    removeRelativeZ(11);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
     expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 111, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
index b9a6159..5b3c7ef 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
+#include "Client.h" // temporarily needed for LayerCreationArgs
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
-#include "Layer.h"
-#include "gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h"
 
 namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
 
@@ -51,20 +50,21 @@
         createLayer(1221, 122);
     }
 
-    LayerCreationArgs createArgs(uint32_t id, bool canBeRoot, wp<IBinder> parent,
-                                 wp<IBinder> mirror) {
-        LayerCreationArgs args(nullptr, nullptr, "testlayer", 0, {}, std::make_optional(id));
+    LayerCreationArgs createArgs(uint32_t id, bool canBeRoot, uint32_t parentId,
+                                 uint32_t layerIdToMirror) {
+        LayerCreationArgs args(std::make_optional(id));
+        args.name = "testlayer";
         args.addToRoot = canBeRoot;
-        args.parentHandle = parent;
-        args.mirrorLayerHandle = mirror;
+        args.parentId = parentId;
+        args.layerIdToMirror = layerIdToMirror;
         return args;
     }
 
-    LayerCreationArgs createDisplayMirrorArgs(uint32_t id, ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
-        LayerCreationArgs args(nullptr, nullptr, "testlayer", 0, {}, std::make_optional(id));
+    LayerCreationArgs createDisplayMirrorArgs(uint32_t id, ui::LayerStack layerStackToMirror) {
+        LayerCreationArgs args(std::make_optional(id));
+        args.name = "testlayer";
         args.addToRoot = true;
-        args.parentHandle.clear();
-        args.layerStackToMirror = layerStack;
+        args.layerStackToMirror = layerStackToMirror;
         return args;
     }
 
@@ -90,17 +90,14 @@
     }
 
     virtual void createRootLayer(uint32_t id) {
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
         layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true, /*parent=*/nullptr, /*mirror=*/nullptr)));
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true, /*parent=*/UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID,
+                           /*mirror=*/UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)));
         mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
     }
 
     void createDisplayMirrorLayer(uint32_t id, ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
         layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
                 createDisplayMirrorArgs(/*id=*/id, layerStack)));
@@ -108,62 +105,56 @@
     }
 
     virtual void createLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId) {
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
         layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/mHandles[parentId],
-                           /*mirror=*/nullptr)));
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/parentId,
+                           /*mirror=*/UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)));
         mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
     }
 
-    void reparentLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
+    std::vector<TransactionState> reparentLayerTransaction(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
         std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
         transactions.emplace_back();
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-
-        if (newParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            auto parentHandle = mHandles[newParentId];
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
-                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), parentHandle,
-                                             static_cast<int32_t>(newParentId), "Test");
-        }
+        transactions.back().states.front().parentId = newParentId;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eReparent;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+        transactions.back().states.front().relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
+        return transactions;
+    }
+
+    void reparentLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(reparentLayerTransaction(id, newParentId));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TransactionState> relativeLayerTransaction(uint32_t id, uint32_t relativeParentId) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+        transactions.back().states.front().relativeParentId = relativeParentId;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
+        return transactions;
     }
 
     void reparentRelativeLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t relativeParentId) {
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(relativeLayerTransaction(id, relativeParentId));
+    }
+
+    void removeRelativeZ(uint32_t id) {
         std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
         transactions.emplace_back();
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-
-        if (relativeParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
-        } else {
-            auto parentHandle = mHandles[relativeParentId];
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
-                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), parentHandle,
-                                             static_cast<int32_t>(relativeParentId), "test");
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged;
-        }
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
-    virtual void mirrorLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parent, uint32_t layerToMirror) {
-        auto parentHandle = (parent == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) ? nullptr : mHandles[parent];
-        auto mirrorHandle =
-                (layerToMirror == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) ? nullptr : mHandles[layerToMirror];
-
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
+    virtual void mirrorLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId, uint32_t layerIdToMirror) {
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
         layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/parentHandle,
-                           /*mirror=*/mHandles[layerToMirror])));
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/parentId,
+                           /*mirror=*/layerIdToMirror)));
         mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
     }
 
@@ -173,7 +164,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColor.a = alpha;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
@@ -196,16 +187,19 @@
                 mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
     }
 
-    void setZ(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
+    std::vector<TransactionState> setZTransaction(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
         std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
         transactions.emplace_back();
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
 
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.z = z;
-        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+        return transactions;
+    }
+
+    void setZ(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(setZTransaction(id, z));
     }
 
     void setCrop(uint32_t id, const Rect& crop) {
@@ -214,8 +208,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
 
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eCropChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.crop = crop;
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
@@ -228,8 +221,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.flags = flags;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.mask = mask;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
@@ -239,8 +231,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
 
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.color.a = static_cast<half>(alpha);
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
@@ -257,8 +248,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eColorChanged;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.color.rgb = rgb;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
@@ -268,8 +258,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
 
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.layerStack = ui::LayerStack::fromValue(layerStack);
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
@@ -280,8 +269,7 @@
         transactions.back().states.push_back({});
 
         transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
         transactions.back().states.front().state.windowInfoHandle =
                 sp<gui::WindowInfoHandle>::make();
         auto inputInfo = transactions.back().states.front().state.windowInfoHandle->editInfo();
@@ -291,7 +279,6 @@
     }
 
     LayerLifecycleManager mLifecycleManager;
-    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sp<LayerHandle>> mHandles;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index 8397f8d..b767276 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@
                                Fps desiredRefreshRate, int numFrames) {
         LayerHistory::Summary summary;
         for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
-            history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+            history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                             LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
             time += frameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
 
             summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
@@ -155,7 +156,8 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
 
-    history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     history().setDefaultFrameRateCompatibility(layer.get(), true /* contentDetectionEnabled */);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
@@ -177,7 +179,8 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
 
-    history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     history().setDefaultFrameRateCompatibility(layer.get(), true /* contentDetectionEnabled */);
 
     auto summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
@@ -205,7 +208,8 @@
 
     // Max returned if active layers have insufficient history.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE - 1; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
         EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -214,7 +218,8 @@
 
     // Max is returned since we have enough history but there is no timestamp votes.
     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
         EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -232,7 +237,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
-    history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     auto summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     // Layer is still considered inactive so we expect to get Min
@@ -240,7 +246,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
@@ -257,7 +264,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
@@ -280,7 +288,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
@@ -307,7 +316,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
@@ -335,7 +345,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
@@ -363,7 +374,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
@@ -395,7 +407,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
@@ -441,7 +454,8 @@
 
     // layer1 is active but infrequent.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer1.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer1->getSequence(), layer1->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
         summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
@@ -453,13 +467,15 @@
 
     // layer2 is frequent and has high refresh rate.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer2->getSequence(), layer2->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
         summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     // layer1 is still active but infrequent.
-    history().record(layer1.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer1->getSequence(), layer1->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summary[0].vote);
@@ -472,7 +488,8 @@
     // layer1 is no longer active.
     // layer2 is frequent and has low refresh rate.
     for (int i = 0; i < 2 * PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer2->getSequence(), layer2->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
         summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
@@ -488,10 +505,12 @@
     constexpr int RATIO = LO_FPS_PERIOD / HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE - 1; i++) {
         if (i % RATIO == 0) {
-            history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+            history().record(layer2->getSequence(), layer2->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                             LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         }
 
-        history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer3->getSequence(), layer3->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
         summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
@@ -504,7 +523,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer3 becomes recently active.
-    history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer3->getSequence(), layer3->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
@@ -530,7 +550,8 @@
     // layer2 still has low refresh rate.
     // layer3 becomes inactive.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer2->getSequence(), layer2->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
         summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
@@ -551,7 +572,8 @@
 
     // layer3 becomes active and has high refresh rate.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE + FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE + 1; i++) {
-        history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer3->getSequence(), layer3->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
         summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
@@ -582,7 +604,8 @@
 
     // the very first updates makes the layer frequent
     for (int i = 0; i < FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE - 1; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
@@ -593,7 +616,8 @@
     }
 
     // the next update with the MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS will get us to infrequent
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
@@ -607,7 +631,8 @@
 
     // Now even if we post a quick few frame we should stay infrequent
     for (int i = 0; i < FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE - 1; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
 
         EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
@@ -618,7 +643,8 @@
     }
 
     // More quick frames will get us to frequent again
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
@@ -645,9 +671,10 @@
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
     // Post a buffer to the layers to make them active
-    history().record(explicitVisiblelayer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    history().record(explicitInvisiblelayer.get(), time, time,
-                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(explicitVisiblelayer->getSequence(), explicitVisiblelayer->getLayerProps(),
+                     time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(explicitInvisiblelayer->getSequence(), explicitInvisiblelayer->getLayerProps(),
+                     time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(2, layerCount());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
@@ -673,7 +700,8 @@
 
     // layer is active but infrequent.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
     }
 
@@ -684,7 +712,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
 
     // another update with the same cadence keep in infrequent
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
@@ -694,7 +723,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
 
     // an update as animation will immediately vote for Max
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
     time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
@@ -719,7 +749,8 @@
 
     // Fill up the window with frequent updates
     for (int i = 0; i < FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += (60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
@@ -731,7 +762,8 @@
 
     // posting a buffer after long inactivity should retain the layer as active
     time += std::chrono::nanoseconds(3s).count();
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
@@ -741,9 +773,11 @@
 
     // posting more infrequent buffer should make the layer infrequent
     time += (MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS + 1ms).count();
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     time += (MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS + 1ms).count();
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -751,7 +785,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
 
     // posting another buffer should keep the layer infrequent
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -759,8 +794,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
 
     // posting more buffers would mean starting of an animation, so making the layer frequent
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -769,7 +806,8 @@
 
     // posting a buffer after long inactivity should retain the layer as active
     time += std::chrono::nanoseconds(3s).count();
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -778,7 +816,8 @@
 
     // posting another buffer should keep the layer frequent
     time += (60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
-    history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
@@ -801,7 +840,8 @@
 
     // layer is active but infrequent.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
-        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
     }
 
@@ -869,10 +909,10 @@
     const nsecs_t startTime = systemTime();
 
     const std::chrono::nanoseconds heuristicUpdateDelta = 41'666'667ns;
-    history().record(heuristicLayer.get(), startTime, startTime,
-                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    history().record(infrequentLayer.get(), startTime, startTime,
-                     LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(heuristicLayer->getSequence(), heuristicLayer->getLayerProps(), startTime,
+                     startTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history().record(infrequentLayer->getSequence(), heuristicLayer->getLayerProps(), startTime,
+                     startTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     nsecs_t time = startTime;
     nsecs_t lastInfrequentUpdate = startTime;
@@ -880,14 +920,15 @@
     int infrequentLayerUpdates = 0;
     while (infrequentLayerUpdates <= totalInfrequentLayerUpdates) {
         time += heuristicUpdateDelta.count();
-        history().record(heuristicLayer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        history().record(heuristicLayer->getSequence(), heuristicLayer->getLayerProps(), time, time,
+                         LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
         if (time - lastInfrequentUpdate >= infrequentUpdateDelta.count()) {
             ALOGI("submitting infrequent frame [%d/%d]", infrequentLayerUpdates,
                   totalInfrequentLayerUpdates);
             lastInfrequentUpdate = time;
-            history().record(infrequentLayer.get(), time, time,
-                             LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+            history().record(infrequentLayer->getSequence(), infrequentLayer->getLayerProps(), time,
+                             time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
             infrequentLayerUpdates++;
         }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
index 99c1d23..14b8e4b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
@@ -17,25 +17,14 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
-#include "Layer.h"
-#include "gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h"
+#include "LayerHierarchyTest.h"
+#include "TransactionState.h"
 
 using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
 
 namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
 
-namespace {
-LayerCreationArgs createArgs(uint32_t id, bool canBeRoot, wp<IBinder> parent, wp<IBinder> mirror) {
-    LayerCreationArgs args(nullptr, nullptr, "testlayer", 0, {}, std::make_optional(id));
-    args.addToRoot = canBeRoot;
-    args.parentHandle = parent;
-    args.mirrorLayerHandle = mirror;
-    return args;
-}
-} // namespace
-
 // To run test:
 /**
  mp :libsurfaceflinger_unittest && adb sync; adb shell \
@@ -66,69 +55,24 @@
     std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mActualLayersDestroyed;
 };
 
-class LayerLifecycleManagerTest : public testing::Test {
+class LayerLifecycleManagerTest : public LayerHierarchyTestBase {
 protected:
     std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState> rootLayer(uint32_t id) {
-        return std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true, /*parent=*/nullptr, /*mirror=*/nullptr));
+        return std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true,
+                                                                /*parent=*/UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID,
+                                                                /*mirror=*/UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID));
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState> childLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId) {
-        mHandles[parentId] = sp<LayerHandle>::make(parentId);
         return std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false,
-                                                                /*parent=*/mHandles[parentId],
-                                                                /*mirror=*/nullptr));
-    }
-
-    TransactionState reparentLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
-        TransactionState transaction;
-        transaction.states.push_back({});
-
-        if (newParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
-            transaction.states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            transaction.states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
-                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(),
-                                             sp<LayerHandle>::make(newParentId),
-                                             static_cast<int32_t>(newParentId), "Test");
-        }
-        transaction.states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eReparent;
-        transaction.states.front().state.surface = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        return transaction;
-    }
-
-    TransactionState setLayer(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
-        TransactionState transaction;
-        transaction.states.push_back({});
-        transaction.states.front().state.z = z;
-        transaction.states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
-        transaction.states.front().state.surface = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        return transaction;
-    }
-
-    TransactionState makeRelative(uint32_t id, uint32_t relativeParentId) {
-        TransactionState transaction;
-        transaction.states.push_back({});
-
-        if (relativeParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
-            transaction.states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            transaction.states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
-                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(),
-                                             sp<LayerHandle>::make(relativeParentId),
-                                             static_cast<int32_t>(relativeParentId), "Test");
-        }
-        transaction.states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged;
-        transaction.states.front().state.surface = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        return transaction;
+                                                                parentId,
+                                                                /*mirror=*/UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID));
     }
 
     RequestedLayerState* getRequestedLayerState(LayerLifecycleManager& lifecycleManager,
                                                 uint32_t layerId) {
         return lifecycleManager.getLayerFromId(layerId);
     }
-
-    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sp<LayerHandle>> mHandles;
 };
 
 TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, addLayers) {
@@ -153,16 +97,7 @@
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
     layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
     lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
-
-    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
-    transactions.emplace_back();
-    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.z = 2;
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
-    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
-    transactions.clear();
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(setZTransaction(1, 2));
 
     auto& managedLayers = lifecycleManager.getLayers();
     ASSERT_EQ(managedLayers.size(), 1u);
@@ -177,11 +112,12 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(managedLayers.front()->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Z));
 
     // apply transactions that do not affect the hierarchy
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
     transactions.emplace_back();
     transactions.back().states.push_back({});
     transactions.back().states.front().state.backgroundBlurRadius = 22;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged;
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 1;
     lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     EXPECT_FALSE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
@@ -232,7 +168,7 @@
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
 
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(reparentLayerTransaction(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID));
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
     listener->expectLayersAdded({});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
@@ -257,7 +193,7 @@
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
 
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(reparentLayerTransaction(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID));
     lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({3});
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
     listener->expectLayersAdded({});
@@ -278,7 +214,7 @@
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
 
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(reparentLayerTransaction(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID));
     lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({3, 4});
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
     listener->expectLayersAdded({});
@@ -300,9 +236,9 @@
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
 
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({makeRelative(4, 1)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(relativeLayerTransaction(4, 1));
     EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(4, 2)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(reparentLayerTransaction(4, 2));
     EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
 
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
@@ -325,9 +261,9 @@
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
 
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({makeRelative(4, 1)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(relativeLayerTransaction(4, 1));
     EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(4, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(reparentLayerTransaction(4, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID));
     EXPECT_FALSE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
 
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
@@ -350,9 +286,9 @@
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
 
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({makeRelative(4, 1)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(relativeLayerTransaction(4, 1));
     EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
-    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({setLayer(4, 1)});
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(setZTransaction(4, 1));
     EXPECT_FALSE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
 
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
@@ -374,8 +310,7 @@
     transactions.back().states.push_back({});
     transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColor.a = 0.5;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
-    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 1;
     lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
 
     auto& managedLayers = lifecycleManager.getLayers();
@@ -403,13 +338,12 @@
     transactions.back().states.push_back({});
     transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColor.a = 0.5;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
-    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 1;
     transactions.emplace_back();
     transactions.back().states.push_back({});
     transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColor.a = 0;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 1;
 
     lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
 
@@ -437,8 +371,7 @@
     transactions.back().states.push_back({});
     transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColor.a = 0.5;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
-    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 1;
     transactions.emplace_back();
     lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({1});
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
index db0b907..b8c4781 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.h"
-#include "Layer.h"
 #include "LayerHierarchyTest.h"
 
 #define UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(BUILDER, ...)                                    \
@@ -268,7 +266,7 @@
     transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eMetadataChanged;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.metadata = LayerMetadata();
     transactions.back().states.front().state.metadata.setInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, 42);
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[1];
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 1;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(1);
     mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
@@ -297,8 +295,7 @@
             ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_EXACT;
     transactions.back().states.front().state.changeFrameRateStrategy =
             ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ALWAYS;
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[11];
-    transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(11);
+    transactions.back().states.front().layerId = 11;
     mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index f4d052d..70997a8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -1455,6 +1455,24 @@
         lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 29.97 Hz";
         EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60Frac, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
     }
+
+    // Test that 29.97 will choose 30 if 59.94 is not supported
+    {
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode30, kMode60), kModeId60);
+
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 29.97_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 29.97 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId30, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
+    }
+
+    // Test that 59.94 will choose 60 if 59.94 is not supported
+    {
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode30Frac, kMode30), kModeId60);
+
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 59.94_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 59.94 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_ExplicitExact_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 26281d2..dc76b4c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@
 
     // recordLayerHistory should be a noop
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
-    mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0,
+                                   LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
 
     constexpr hal::PowerMode kPowerModeOn = hal::PowerMode::ON;
@@ -185,7 +186,8 @@
                                                                       kDisplay1Mode60->getId()));
 
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
-    mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0,
+                                   LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
 }
 
@@ -234,7 +236,8 @@
     const sp<MockLayer> layer = sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillOnce(Return(true));
 
-    mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer->getSequence(), layer->getLayerProps(), 0,
+                                   LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     constexpr hal::PowerMode kPowerModeOn = hal::PowerMode::ON;
     FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mScheduler->setDisplayPowerMode(kDisplayId1, kPowerModeOn));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
index 6adcd52..44ab569 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
@@ -380,8 +380,10 @@
     commitTransaction();
 
     auto& history = mFlinger.mutableScheduler().mutableLayerHistory();
-    history.record(parent.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    history.record(child.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history.record(parent->getSequence(), parent->getLayerProps(), 0, 0,
+                   LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history.record(child->getSequence(), child->getLayerProps(), 0, 0,
+                   LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     const auto selectorPtr = mFlinger.mutableScheduler().refreshRateSelector();
     const auto summary = history.summarize(*selectorPtr, 0);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
index fd1fd47..e176546 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
-    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(*mDisplay);
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(nullptr, *mDisplay);
 
     mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
                                         mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId90.value(), false, 0,
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
 
-    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(*mDisplay);
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(nullptr, *mDisplay);
 
     mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
                                         mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId90.value(), true, 0,
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
-    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(*mDisplay);
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(nullptr, *mDisplay);
 
     mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
                                         mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId90.value(), false, 0,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
-    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(*mDisplay);
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(nullptr, *mDisplay);
 
     mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
                                         mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId90_4K.value(), false, 0,
@@ -284,9 +284,43 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId90_4K);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, multiDisplay) {
+MATCHER_P2(ModeSwitchingTo, flinger, modeId, "") {
+    if (!arg->getDesiredActiveMode()) {
+        *result_listener << "No desired active mode";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (arg->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId() != modeId) {
+        *result_listener << "Unexpected desired active mode " << modeId;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!flinger->scheduler()->vsyncModulator().isVsyncConfigEarly()) {
+        *result_listener << "VsyncModulator did not shift to early phase";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+MATCHER_P(ModeSettledTo, modeId, "") {
+    if (const auto desiredOpt = arg->getDesiredActiveMode()) {
+        *result_listener << "Unsettled desired active mode "
+                         << desiredOpt->modeOpt->modePtr->getId();
+        return false;
+    }
+
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
+    if (arg->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId() != modeId) {
+        *result_listener << "Settled to unexpected active mode " << modeId;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, multiDisplay) {
     constexpr HWDisplayId kInnerDisplayHwcId = PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
     constexpr HWDisplayId kOuterDisplayHwcId = kInnerDisplayHwcId + 1;
 
@@ -309,13 +343,13 @@
 
     const auto& innerDisplay = mDisplay;
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(innerDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
-    EXPECT_EQ(outerDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId120);
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(nullptr, *innerDisplay);
 
-    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(*innerDisplay);
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
               mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(innerDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
@@ -327,12 +361,8 @@
                                                   mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId60.value(),
                                                                                false, 0.f, 120.f)));
 
-    // Transition on the inner display.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
-
-    // No transition on the outer display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
     const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = true};
     EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
@@ -342,31 +372,18 @@
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
-    // Transition on the inner display.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
-
-    // No transition on the outer display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
-    // Transition on the inner display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(innerDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
-    // No transition on the outer display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(outerDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId120);
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(innerDisplay.get(), *outerDisplay);
 
-    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(*outerDisplay);
-
-    // No transition on the inner display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-
-    // Transition on the outer display.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId60));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
                 setActiveConfigWithConstraints(kOuterDisplayHwcId,
@@ -375,22 +392,13 @@
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
-    // No transition on the inner display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-
-    // Transition on the outer display.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId60));
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
-    // No transition on the inner display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(innerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(innerDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
-
-    // Transition on the outer display.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(outerDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(outerDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HdrOutputControlTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HdrOutputControlTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2c54ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HdrOutputControlTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/AidlStatusUtil.h>
+#include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
+#include <private/gui/ComposerServiceAIDL.h>
+
+#include "DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy;
+using GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag = gui::HdrConversionStrategy::Tag;
+using gui::aidl_utils::statusTFromBinderStatus;
+
+TEST(HdrOutputControlTest, testGetHdrOutputConversionSupport) {
+    sp<gui::ISurfaceComposer> sf(ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService());
+
+    bool hdrOutputConversionSupport;
+    binder::Status status = sf->getHdrOutputConversionSupport(&hdrOutputConversionSupport);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusTFromBinderStatus(status));
+}
+
+TEST(HdrOutputControlTest, testGetHdrConversionCapabilities) {
+    sp<gui::ISurfaceComposer> sf(ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService());
+
+    bool hdrOutputConversionSupport;
+    binder::Status getSupportStatus =
+            sf->getHdrOutputConversionSupport(&hdrOutputConversionSupport);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusTFromBinderStatus(getSupportStatus));
+
+    std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability> capabilities;
+    binder::Status status = sf->getHdrConversionCapabilities(&capabilities);
+
+    if (hdrOutputConversionSupport) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusTFromBinderStatus(status));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, statusTFromBinderStatus(status));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(HdrOutputControlTest, testSetHdrConversionStrategy) {
+    sp<gui::ISurfaceComposer> sf(ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService());
+
+    bool hdrOutputConversionSupport;
+    binder::Status getSupportStatus =
+            sf->getHdrOutputConversionSupport(&hdrOutputConversionSupport);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusTFromBinderStatus(getSupportStatus));
+
+    std::vector<HdrConversionStrategy> strategies =
+            {HdrConversionStrategy(std::in_place_index<static_cast<size_t>(
+                                           GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::passthrough)>),
+             HdrConversionStrategy(std::in_place_index<static_cast<size_t>(
+                                           GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::autoAllowedHdrTypes)>),
+             HdrConversionStrategy(std::in_place_index<static_cast<size_t>(
+                                           GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::forceHdrConversion)>)};
+    int32_t outPreferredHdrOutputType = 0;
+
+    for (HdrConversionStrategy strategy : strategies) {
+        binder::Status status = sf->setHdrConversionStrategy(&strategy, &outPreferredHdrOutputType);
+
+        if (hdrOutputConversionSupport) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusTFromBinderStatus(status));
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, statusTFromBinderStatus(status));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_InitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
similarity index 93%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
rename to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_InitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
index 98644aa..fc5f2b0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_InitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
-class OnInitializeDisplaysTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {};
+class InitializeDisplaysTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {};
 
-TEST_F(OnInitializeDisplaysTest, onInitializeDisplaysSetsUpPrimaryDisplay) {
+TEST_F(InitializeDisplaysTest, commitsPrimaryDisplay) {
     using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.onInitializeDisplays();
+    FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mFlinger.initializeDisplays());
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayLeaderTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayPacesetterTest.cpp
similarity index 63%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayLeaderTest.cpp
rename to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayPacesetterTest.cpp
index 9c58943..e38f56e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayLeaderTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_MultiDisplayPacesetterTest.cpp
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
-struct MultiDisplayLeaderTest : DisplayTransactionTest {
+struct MultiDisplayPacesetterTest : DisplayTransactionTest {
     static constexpr bool kWithMockScheduler = false;
-    MultiDisplayLeaderTest() : DisplayTransactionTest(kWithMockScheduler) {}
+    MultiDisplayPacesetterTest() : DisplayTransactionTest(kWithMockScheduler) {}
 };
 
-TEST_F(MultiDisplayLeaderTest, foldable) {
+TEST_F(MultiDisplayPacesetterTest, foldable) {
     injectMockScheduler(InnerDisplayVariant::DISPLAY_ID::get());
 
     // Inject inner and outer displays with uninitialized power modes.
@@ -50,31 +50,31 @@
         outerDisplay = injector.inject();
     }
 
-    // When the device boots, the inner display should be the leader.
-    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->leaderDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    // When the device boots, the inner display should be the pacesetter.
+    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->pacesetterDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
 
     // ...and should still be after powering on.
     mFlinger.setPowerModeInternal(innerDisplay, PowerMode::ON);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->leaderDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->pacesetterDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
 
-    // The outer display should become the leader after folding.
+    // The outer display should become the pacesetter after folding.
     mFlinger.setPowerModeInternal(innerDisplay, PowerMode::OFF);
     mFlinger.setPowerModeInternal(outerDisplay, PowerMode::ON);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->leaderDisplayId(), outerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->pacesetterDisplayId(), outerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
 
-    // The inner display should become the leader after unfolding.
+    // The inner display should become the pacesetter after unfolding.
     mFlinger.setPowerModeInternal(outerDisplay, PowerMode::OFF);
     mFlinger.setPowerModeInternal(innerDisplay, PowerMode::ON);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->leaderDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->pacesetterDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
 
-    // The inner display should stay the leader if both are powered on.
-    // TODO(b/256196556): The leader should depend on the displays' VSYNC phases.
+    // The inner display should stay the pacesetter if both are powered on.
+    // TODO(b/255635821): The pacesetter should depend on the displays' refresh rates.
     mFlinger.setPowerModeInternal(outerDisplay, PowerMode::ON);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->leaderDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->pacesetterDisplayId(), innerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
 
-    // The outer display should become the leader if designated.
-    mFlinger.scheduler()->setLeaderDisplay(outerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->leaderDisplayId(), outerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    // The outer display should become the pacesetter if designated.
+    mFlinger.scheduler()->setPacesetterDisplay(outerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mFlinger.scheduler()->pacesetterDisplayId(), outerDisplay->getPhysicalId());
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index ac04720..f1a5fc4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
         return Scheduler::createConnection(std::move(eventThread));
     }
 
-    auto refreshRateSelector() { return leaderSelectorPtr(); }
+    auto refreshRateSelector() { return pacesetterSelectorPtr(); }
 
     const auto& refreshRateSelectors() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
         return mRefreshRateSelectors;
@@ -92,17 +92,16 @@
         Scheduler::unregisterDisplay(displayId);
     }
 
-    std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderDisplayId() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        return mLeaderDisplayId;
+    std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> pacesetterDisplayId() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+        return mPacesetterDisplayId;
     }
 
-    void setLeaderDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+    void setPacesetterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        Scheduler::setLeaderDisplay(displayId);
+        Scheduler::setPacesetterDisplay(displayId);
     }
 
     auto& mutableAppConnectionHandle() { return mAppConnectionHandle; }
-    auto& mutableVsyncModulator() { return *mVsyncModulator; }
     auto& mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory; }
 
     size_t layerHistorySize() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 6334ec8..fc9e653 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -419,10 +419,7 @@
         return mFlinger->setDisplayStateLocked(s);
     }
 
-    // Allow reading display state without locking, as if called on the SF main thread.
-    auto onInitializeDisplays() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        return mFlinger->onInitializeDisplays();
-    }
+    void initializeDisplays() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) { mFlinger->initializeDisplays(); }
 
     auto notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) { return mFlinger->notifyPowerBoost(boostId); }
 
@@ -505,10 +502,11 @@
         return mFlinger->setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(displayToken, specs);
     }
 
-    void onActiveDisplayChanged(const DisplayDevice& activeDisplay) {
+    void onActiveDisplayChanged(const DisplayDevice* inactiveDisplayPtr,
+                                const DisplayDevice& activeDisplay) {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mFlinger->mStateLock);
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        mFlinger->onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(nullptr, activeDisplay);
+        mFlinger->onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(inactiveDisplayPtr, activeDisplay);
     }
 
     auto createLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index c78148f..d4e2357 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
 
     void modulateVsync() {
         static_cast<void>(
-                mFlinger.mutableScheduler().mutableVsyncModulator().onRefreshRateChangeInitiated());
+                mFlinger.mutableScheduler().vsyncModulator().onRefreshRateChangeInitiated());
     }
 
     bool mHasListenerCallbacks = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp
index adf0804..4010fa6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,12 @@
     mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
 }
 
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, DisableDoesNothingWhenDisallowed2) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
+
+    mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, true /* disallow */);
+}
+
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, MakeAllowed) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
 }
@@ -97,6 +103,13 @@
     mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
 }
 
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, DisableDoesNothingWhenDisabled2) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
+
+    mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, true /* disallow */);
+}
+
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, EnableWorksWhenDisabled) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
     EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
@@ -129,6 +142,16 @@
     mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
 }
 
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, EnableDisable2) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
+
+    mVsyncSchedule->enableHardwareVsync(mCallback);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, false));
+    mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, true /* disallow */);
+}
+
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, StartPeriodTransition) {
     // Note: startPeriodTransition is only called when hardware vsyncs are
     // allowed.
@@ -225,5 +248,23 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(mVsyncSchedule->getPendingHardwareVsyncState());
 }
 
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, DisableDoesNotMakeAllowed) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(false /* makeAllowed */));
+    mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(false /* makeAllowed */));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, DisallowMakesNotAllowed) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
+    mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, true /* disallow */);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(false /* makeAllowed */));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, StillAllowedAfterDisable) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
+    mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(false /* makeAllowed */));
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
index f28b8d8..5dc3490 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@
                  Error(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties*));
     MOCK_METHOD1(onHotplugConnect, void(Display));
     MOCK_METHOD1(onHotplugDisconnect, void(Display));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Error, setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled, (Display, bool));
 };
 
 } // namespace Hwc2::mock