diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
index fc0801c..3e6d2e0 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_unlock/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_set_priority/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_set_priority/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_command/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_command/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_return/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_return/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/i2c/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/i2c/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/i2c/i2c_read/enable
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp
index ff95148..7fcb222 100644
--- a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp
@@ -12,13 +12,26 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+rust_defaults {
+    name: "libbufferstreams_defaults",
+    srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "libanyhow",
+        "libnativewindow_rs",
+    ],
+    edition: "2021",
+}
+
 rust_library {
     name: "libbufferstreams",
     crate_name: "bufferstreams",
-    srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
-    edition: "2021",
-    rlibs: [
-        "libnativewindow_rs",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libbufferstreams_defaults"],
     min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
+
+rust_test {
+    name: "libbufferstreams-internal_test",
+    crate_name: "bufferstreams",
+    defaults: ["libbufferstreams_defaults"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs
index 1d321c8..87f3104 100644
--- a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,14 @@
 
 //! libbufferstreams: Reactive Streams for Graphics Buffers
 
+pub mod publishers;
+mod stream_config;
+pub mod subscribers;
+pub mod subscriptions;
+
+pub use stream_config::*;
+
 use nativewindow::*;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use std::time::Instant;
 
 /// This function will print Hello World.
@@ -31,28 +37,30 @@
 ///
 /// BufferPublishers are required to adhere to the following, based on the
 /// reactive streams specification:
-/// *   The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
+/// * The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be less than or equal to the total number of elements requested by that
 /// Subscriber´s Subscription at all times.
-/// *   A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
+/// * A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
 /// Subscription by calling on_complete or on_error.
-/// *   on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
+/// * on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be signaled serially.
-/// *   If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
-/// *   If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
+/// * If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
+/// * If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
 /// on_complete.
-/// *   If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
+/// * If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
 /// that Subscriber’s Subscription MUST be considered cancelled.
-/// *   Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
+/// * Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
 /// REQUIRED that no further signals occur.
-/// *   If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
+/// * If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
 ///  signaled.
-/// *  A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
+/// * A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
 /// Subscription is unicast or multicast.
 pub trait BufferPublisher {
+    /// Returns the StreamConfig of buffers that publisher creates.
+    fn get_publisher_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig;
     /// This function will create the subscription between the publisher and
     /// the subscriber.
-    fn subscribe(&self, subscriber: Weak<dyn BufferSubscriber>);
+    fn subscribe(&mut self, subscriber: impl BufferSubscriber + 'static);
 }
 
 /// BufferSubscribers can subscribe to BufferPublishers. They can request Frames
@@ -61,35 +69,37 @@
 ///
 /// BufferSubcribers are required to adhere to the following, based on the
 /// reactive streams specification:
-/// *   The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
+/// * The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be less than or equal to the total number of elements requested by that
 /// Subscriber´s Subscription at all times.
-/// *   A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
+/// * A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
 /// Subscription by calling on_complete or on_error.
-/// *   on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
+/// * on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be signaled serially.
-/// *   If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
-/// *   If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
+/// * If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
+/// * If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
 /// on_complete.
-/// *   If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
+/// * If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
 /// that Subscriber’s Subscription MUST be considered cancelled.
-/// *   Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
+/// * Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
 /// REQUIRED that no further signals occur.
-/// *   If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
+/// * If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
 /// signaled.
-/// *   Publisher.subscribe MAY be called as many times as wanted but MUST be
+/// * Publisher.subscribe MAY be called as many times as wanted but MUST be
 /// with a different Subscriber each time.
-/// *   A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
+/// * A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
 /// Subscription is unicast or multicast.
 pub trait BufferSubscriber {
+    /// The StreamConfig of buffers that this subscriber expects.
+    fn get_subscriber_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig;
     /// This function will be called at the beginning of the subscription.
-    fn on_subscribe(&self, subscription: Arc<dyn BufferSubscription>);
+    fn on_subscribe(&mut self, subscription: Box<dyn BufferSubscription>);
     /// This function will be called for buffer that comes in.
-    fn on_next(&self, frame: Frame);
+    fn on_next(&mut self, frame: Frame);
     /// This function will be called in case of an error.
-    fn on_error(&self, error: BufferError);
+    fn on_error(&mut self, error: BufferError);
     /// This function will be called on finite streams when done.
-    fn on_complete(&self);
+    fn on_complete(&mut self);
 }
 
 /// BufferSubscriptions serve as the bridge between BufferPublishers and
@@ -100,50 +110,51 @@
 ///
 /// BufferSubcriptions are required to adhere to the following, based on the
 /// reactive streams specification:
-/// *   Subscription.request and Subscription.cancel MUST only be called inside
+/// * Subscription.request and Subscription.cancel MUST only be called inside
 /// of its Subscriber context.
-/// *   The Subscription MUST allow the Subscriber to call Subscription.request
+/// * The Subscription MUST allow the Subscriber to call Subscription.request
 /// synchronously from within on_next or on_subscribe.
-/// *   Subscription.request MUST place an upper bound on possible synchronous
+/// * Subscription.request MUST place an upper bound on possible synchronous
 /// recursion between Publisher and Subscriber.
-/// *   Subscription.request SHOULD respect the responsivity of its caller by
+/// * Subscription.request SHOULD respect the responsivity of its caller by
 /// returning in a timely manner.
-/// *   Subscription.cancel MUST respect the responsivity of its caller by
+/// * Subscription.cancel MUST respect the responsivity of its caller by
 /// returning in a timely manner, MUST be idempotent and MUST be thread-safe.
-/// *   After the Subscription is cancelled, additional
+/// * After the Subscription is cancelled, additional
 /// Subscription.request(n: u64) MUST be NOPs.
-/// *   After the Subscription is cancelled, additional Subscription.cancel()
+/// * After the Subscription is cancelled, additional Subscription.cancel()
 /// MUST be NOPs.
-/// *   While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MUST register the given number of additional elements to be produced to the
 /// respective subscriber.
-/// *   While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MUST signal on_error if the argument is <= 0. The cause message SHOULD
 /// explain that non-positive request signals are illegal.
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MAY synchronously call on_next on this (or other) subscriber(s).
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MAY synchronously call on_complete or on_error on this (or other)
 /// subscriber(s).
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
 /// request the Publisher to eventually stop signaling its Subscriber. The
 /// operation is NOT REQUIRED to affect the Subscription immediately.
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
 /// request the Publisher to eventually drop any references to the corresponding
 /// subscriber.
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, calling Subscription.cancel MAY
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, calling Subscription.cancel MAY
 /// cause the Publisher, if stateful, to transition into the shut-down state if
 /// no other Subscription exists at this point.
-/// *  Calling Subscription.cancel MUST return normally.
-/// *  Calling Subscription.request MUST return normally.
+/// * Calling Subscription.cancel MUST return normally.
+/// * Calling Subscription.request MUST return normally.
 pub trait BufferSubscription {
     /// request
     fn request(&self, n: u64);
     /// cancel
     fn cancel(&self);
 }
+
 /// Type used to describe errors produced by subscriptions.
-type BufferError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
+pub type BufferError = anyhow::Error;
 
 /// Struct used to contain the buffer.
 pub struct Frame {
@@ -154,3 +165,88 @@
     /// A fence used for reading/writing safely.
     pub fence: i32,
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    #![allow(warnings, unused)]
+    use super::*;
+
+    use anyhow::anyhow;
+    use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use std::ops::Add;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use crate::publishers::testing::*;
+    use crate::subscribers::{testing::*, SharedSubscriber};
+
+    const STREAM_CONFIG: StreamConfig = StreamConfig {
+        width: 1,
+        height: 1,
+        layers: 1,
+        format: AHardwareBuffer_Format::AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
+        usage: AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags::AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN,
+        stride: 0,
+    };
+
+    fn make_frame() -> Frame {
+        Frame {
+            buffer: STREAM_CONFIG
+                .create_hardware_buffer()
+                .expect("Unable to create hardware buffer for test"),
+            present_time: Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(1),
+            fence: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_test_implementations_next() {
+        let subscriber = SharedSubscriber::new(TestSubscriber::new(STREAM_CONFIG));
+        let mut publisher = TestPublisher::new(STREAM_CONFIG);
+
+        publisher.subscribe(subscriber.clone());
+        assert!(subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.has_subscription()));
+        assert!(publisher.has_subscriber());
+
+        publisher.send_frame(make_frame());
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(!matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Next(_)));
+
+        subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.request(1));
+        assert_eq!(publisher.pending_requests(), 1);
+
+        publisher.send_frame(make_frame());
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Next(_)));
+        assert_eq!(publisher.pending_requests(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_test_implementations_complete() {
+        let subscriber = SharedSubscriber::new(TestSubscriber::new(STREAM_CONFIG));
+        let mut publisher = TestPublisher::new(STREAM_CONFIG);
+
+        publisher.subscribe(subscriber.clone());
+        assert!(subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.has_subscription()));
+        assert!(publisher.has_subscriber());
+
+        publisher.send_complete();
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Complete));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_test_implementations_error() {
+        let subscriber = SharedSubscriber::new(TestSubscriber::new(STREAM_CONFIG));
+        let mut publisher = TestPublisher::new(STREAM_CONFIG);
+
+        publisher.subscribe(subscriber.clone());
+        assert!(subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.has_subscription()));
+        assert!(publisher.has_subscriber());
+
+        publisher.send_error(anyhow!("error"));
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Error(_)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/mod.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fd518e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscriber] implementations and helpers.
+
+pub mod testing;
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/testing.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/testing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1593b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/testing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Provides useful publishers for testing specifically. These should not be used in normal code.
+
+use crate::{subscriptions::SharedBufferSubscription, *};
+
+/// A [BufferPublisher] specifically for testing.
+///
+/// Provides users the ability to send events and read the state of the subscription.
+pub struct TestPublisher {
+    config: StreamConfig,
+    subscriber: Option<Box<dyn BufferSubscriber>>,
+    subscription: SharedBufferSubscription,
+}
+
+impl TestPublisher {
+    /// Create a new [TestPublisher].
+    pub fn new(config: StreamConfig) -> Self {
+        Self { config, subscriber: None, subscription: SharedBufferSubscription::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// Send a [BufferSubscriber::on_next] event to an owned [BufferSubscriber] if it has any
+    /// requested and returns true. Drops the frame and returns false otherwise.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscriber.
+    pub fn send_frame(&mut self, frame: Frame) -> bool {
+        let subscriber =
+            self.subscriber.as_deref_mut().expect("Tried to send_frame with no subscriber");
+
+        if self.subscription.take_request() {
+            subscriber.on_next(frame);
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Send a [BufferSubscriber::on_complete] event to an owned [BufferSubscriber].
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscriber.
+    pub fn send_complete(&mut self) {
+        let subscriber =
+            self.subscriber.as_deref_mut().expect("Tried to send_complete with no subscriber");
+        subscriber.on_complete();
+    }
+
+    /// Send a [BufferSubscriber::on_error] event to an owned [BufferSubscriber].
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscriber.
+    pub fn send_error(&mut self, error: BufferError) {
+        let subscriber =
+            self.subscriber.as_deref_mut().expect("Tried to send_error with no subscriber");
+        subscriber.on_error(error);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this [BufferPublisher] owns a subscriber.
+    pub fn has_subscriber(&self) -> bool {
+        self.subscriber.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the nummber of frames requested by the [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn pending_requests(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.subscription.pending_requests()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the [BufferSubscriber] has cancelled the subscription.
+    pub fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.subscription.is_cancelled()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferPublisher for TestPublisher {
+    fn get_publisher_stream_config(&self) -> crate::StreamConfig {
+        self.config
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe(&mut self, subscriber: impl BufferSubscriber + 'static) {
+        assert!(self.subscriber.is_none(), "TestingPublishers can only take one subscriber");
+        self.subscriber = Some(Box::new(subscriber));
+
+        if let Some(ref mut subscriber) = self.subscriber {
+            subscriber.on_subscribe(self.subscription.clone_for_subscriber());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/stream_config.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/stream_config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0c621b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/stream_config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use nativewindow::*;
+
+/// The configuration of the buffers published by a [BufferPublisher] or
+/// expected by a [BufferSubscriber].
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StreamConfig {
+    /// Width in pixels of streaming buffers.
+    pub width: u32,
+    /// Height in pixels of streaming buffers.
+    pub height: u32,
+    /// Number of layers of streaming buffers.
+    pub layers: u32,
+    /// Format of streaming buffers.
+    pub format: AHardwareBuffer_Format::Type,
+    /// Usage of streaming buffers.
+    pub usage: AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags,
+    /// Stride of streaming buffers.
+    pub stride: u32,
+}
+
+impl StreamConfig {
+    /// Tries to create a new AHardwareBuffer from settings in a [StreamConfig].
+    pub fn create_hardware_buffer(&self) -> Option<AHardwareBuffer> {
+        AHardwareBuffer::new(self.width, self.height, self.layers, self.format, self.usage)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_hardware_buffer() {
+        let config = StreamConfig {
+            width: 123,
+            height: 456,
+            layers: 1,
+            format: AHardwareBuffer_Format::AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
+            usage: AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags::AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN
+                | AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags::AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN,
+            stride: 0,
+        };
+
+        let maybe_buffer = config.create_hardware_buffer();
+        assert!(maybe_buffer.is_some());
+
+        let buffer = maybe_buffer.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(config.width, buffer.width());
+        assert_eq!(config.height, buffer.height());
+        assert_eq!(config.format, buffer.format());
+        assert_eq!(config.usage, buffer.usage());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/mod.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd038c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscriber] implementations and helpers.
+
+mod shared;
+pub mod testing;
+
+pub use shared::*;
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/shared.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/shared.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46c58dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/shared.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscriber] implementations and helpers.
+
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use crate::*;
+
+/// A [BufferSubscriber] wrapper that provides shared access.
+///
+/// Normally, [BufferSubscriber]s are fully owned by the publisher that they are attached to. With
+/// [SharedSubscriber], a
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// [BufferSubscriber::on_subscribe] on a [SharedSubscriber] can only be called once, otherwise it
+/// will panic. This is to prevent accidental and unsupported sharing between multiple publishers to
+/// reflect the usual behavior where a publisher takes full ownership of a subscriber.
+pub struct SharedSubscriber<S: BufferSubscriber>(Arc<Mutex<SharedSubscriberInner<S>>>);
+
+struct SharedSubscriberInner<S: BufferSubscriber> {
+    subscriber: S,
+    is_subscribed: bool,
+}
+
+impl<S: BufferSubscriber> SharedSubscriber<S> {
+    /// Create a new wrapper around a [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn new(subscriber: S) -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(SharedSubscriberInner { subscriber, is_subscribed: false })))
+    }
+
+    /// Provides access to an immutable reference to the wrapped [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn map_inner<R, F: FnOnce(&S) -> R>(&self, f: F) -> R {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        f(&inner.subscriber)
+    }
+
+    /// Provides access to a mutable reference to the wrapped [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn map_inner_mut<R, F: FnOnce(&mut S) -> R>(&self, f: F) -> R {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        f(&mut inner.subscriber)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: BufferSubscriber> Clone for SharedSubscriber<S> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::clone(&self.0))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: BufferSubscriber> BufferSubscriber for SharedSubscriber<S> {
+    fn get_subscriber_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.get_subscriber_stream_config()
+    }
+
+    fn on_subscribe(&mut self, subscription: Box<dyn BufferSubscription>) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            !inner.is_subscribed,
+            "A SharedSubscriber can not be shared between two BufferPublishers"
+        );
+        inner.is_subscribed = true;
+
+        inner.subscriber.on_subscribe(subscription);
+    }
+
+    fn on_next(&mut self, frame: Frame) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.on_next(frame);
+    }
+
+    fn on_error(&mut self, error: BufferError) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.on_error(error);
+    }
+
+    fn on_complete(&mut self) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.on_complete();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/testing.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/testing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e9705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/testing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Provides useful subscribers for testing specifically. These should not be used in normal code.
+
+use crate::*;
+
+/// Represents a callback called by a [BufferPublisher] on a [BufferSubscriber].
+pub enum TestingSubscriberEvent {
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_subscribe].
+    Subscribe,
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_next].
+    Next(Frame),
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_error].
+    Error(BufferError),
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_complete].
+    Complete,
+}
+
+/// A [BufferSubscriber] specifically for testing. Logs events as they happen which can be retrieved
+/// by the test to ensure appropriate behavior.
+pub struct TestSubscriber {
+    config: StreamConfig,
+    subscription: Option<Box<dyn BufferSubscription>>,
+    events: Vec<TestingSubscriberEvent>,
+}
+
+impl TestSubscriber {
+    /// Create a new [TestSubscriber].
+    pub fn new(config: StreamConfig) -> Self {
+        Self { config, subscription: None, events: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this [BufferSubscriber] has an active subscription.
+    pub fn has_subscription(&self) -> bool {
+        self.subscription.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Make a request on behalf of this test subscriber.
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscription.
+    pub fn request(&self, n: u64) {
+        let subscription = self
+            .subscription
+            .as_deref()
+            .expect("Tried to request on a TestSubscriber with no subscription");
+        subscription.request(n);
+    }
+
+    /// Cancel on behalf of this test subscriber.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscription.
+    pub fn cancel(&self) {
+        let subscription = self
+            .subscription
+            .as_deref()
+            .expect("Tried to cancel a TestSubscriber with no subscription");
+        subscription.cancel();
+    }
+
+    /// Gets all of the events that have happened to this [BufferSubscriber] since the last call
+    /// to this function or it was created.
+    pub fn take_events(&mut self) -> Vec<TestingSubscriberEvent> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        out.append(&mut self.events);
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferSubscriber for TestSubscriber {
+    fn get_subscriber_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig {
+        self.config
+    }
+
+    fn on_subscribe(&mut self, subscription: Box<dyn BufferSubscription>) {
+        assert!(self.subscription.is_none(), "TestSubscriber must only be subscribed to once");
+        self.subscription = Some(subscription);
+
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Subscribe);
+    }
+
+    fn on_next(&mut self, frame: Frame) {
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Next(frame));
+    }
+
+    fn on_error(&mut self, error: BufferError) {
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Error(error));
+    }
+
+    fn on_complete(&mut self) {
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Complete);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/mod.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e046dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscription] implementations and helpers.
+
+mod shared_buffer_subscription;
+
+pub use shared_buffer_subscription::*;
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/shared_buffer_subscription.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/shared_buffer_subscription.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90275c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/shared_buffer_subscription.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use crate::*;
+
+/// A simple sharable helper that can be used as a [BufferSubscription] by a [BufferSubscriber] and
+/// as a state tracker by a [BufferPublisher].
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct SharedBufferSubscription(Arc<Mutex<BufferSubscriptionData>>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct BufferSubscriptionData {
+    requests: u64,
+    is_cancelled: bool,
+}
+
+impl SharedBufferSubscription {
+    /// Create a new [SharedBufferSubscription].
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        SharedBufferSubscription::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Clone this [SharedBufferSubscription] so it can be passed into
+    /// [BufferSubscriber::on_subscribe].
+    pub fn clone_for_subscriber(&self) -> Box<dyn BufferSubscription> {
+        Box::new(self.clone()) as Box<dyn BufferSubscription>
+    }
+
+    /// If possible (not cancelled and with requests pending), take
+    pub fn take_request(&self) -> bool {
+        let mut data = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+
+        if data.is_cancelled || data.requests == 0 {
+            false
+        } else {
+            data.requests -= 1;
+            true
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the number of pending requests made by the [BufferSubscriber] via
+    /// [BufferSubscription::request].
+    pub fn pending_requests(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.0.lock().unwrap().requests
+    }
+
+    /// Get get whether the [BufferSubscriber] has called [BufferSubscription::cancel].
+    pub fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.lock().unwrap().is_cancelled
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for SharedBufferSubscription {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(BufferSubscriptionData::default())))
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferSubscription for SharedBufferSubscription {
+    fn request(&self, n: u64) {
+        let mut data = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        if !data.is_cancelled {
+            data.requests = data.requests.saturating_add(n);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cancel(&self) {
+        let mut data = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        data.is_cancelled = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
index 46fb068..93df124 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -324,6 +324,12 @@
           to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
 }
 
+void Choreographer::dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t, int32_t connectionError) {
+    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug connection error event (connectionError=%d), "
+          "ignoring.",
+          this, connectionError);
+}
+
 void Choreographer::dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchModeChanged was called but was never registered");
 }
@@ -394,4 +400,4 @@
     return iter->second;
 }
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
index 8a88377..5dd058c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
@@ -173,7 +173,13 @@
                     *outVsyncEventData = ev.vsync.vsyncData;
                     break;
                 case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG:
-                    dispatchHotplug(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId, ev.hotplug.connected);
+                    if (ev.hotplug.connectionError == 0) {
+                        dispatchHotplug(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId,
+                                        ev.hotplug.connected);
+                    } else {
+                        dispatchHotplugConnectionError(ev.header.timestamp,
+                                                       ev.hotplug.connectionError);
+                    }
                     break;
                 case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_MODE_CHANGE:
                     dispatchModeChanged(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId,
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
index 6e4f074..0d2a52b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@
 
         }
         case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG: {
-            event.hotplug = DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug{fdp->ConsumeBool() /*connected*/};
+            event.hotplug =
+                    DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug{fdp->ConsumeBool() /*connected*/,
+                                                         fdp->ConsumeIntegral<
+                                                                 int32_t>() /*connectionError*/};
             break;
         }
         case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_MODE_CHANGE: {
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
index 177d5f8..bdf8856 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@
 
     MOCK_METHOD4(dispatchVsync, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, uint32_t, VsyncEventData));
     MOCK_METHOD3(dispatchHotplug, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchHotplugConnectionError, void(nsecs_t, int32_t));
     MOCK_METHOD4(dispatchModeChanged, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchNullEvent, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD3(dispatchFrameRateOverrides,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
index 1df9b11..9fef512 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
     void dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, uint32_t count,
                        VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) override;
     void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
+    void dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) override;
     void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
                              nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) override;
     void dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) override;
@@ -137,4 +138,4 @@
     static constexpr size_t kMaxStartTimes = 250;
 };
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
index 140efa6..fe2dd20 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@
                                VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) = 0;
     virtual void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                  bool connected) = 0;
+
+    virtual void dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) = 0;
+
     virtual void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
                                      nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) = 0;
     // AChoreographer-specific hook for processing null-events so that looper
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
index 7fd6c35..79582ce 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
 
         struct Hotplug {
             bool connected;
+            int32_t connectionError __attribute__((aligned(4)));
         };
 
         struct ModeChange {
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
index 3949d70..29eeaa8 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset + 16);
 
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug, connected, 0);
+    CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug, connectionError, 4);
 
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::ModeChange, modeId, 0);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::ModeChange, vsyncPeriod, 8);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index e780a1e..a73c511 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -1352,6 +1352,8 @@
     mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
     mDrawingState.sequence++;
     mDrawingState.modified = true;
+
+    updateTreeHasFrameRateVote();
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index c70ed2c..21714da 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,15 @@
     return event;
 }
 
+DisplayEventReceiver::Event makeHotplugError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) {
+    DisplayEventReceiver::Event event;
+    PhysicalDisplayId unusedDisplayId;
+    event.header = {DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG, unusedDisplayId, timestamp};
+    event.hotplug.connected = false;
+    event.hotplug.connectionError = connectionError;
+    return event;
+}
+
 DisplayEventReceiver::Event makeVSync(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, nsecs_t timestamp,
                                       uint32_t count, nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime,
                                       nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp) {
@@ -408,6 +417,13 @@
     mCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
+void EventThread::onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t errorCode) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+
+    mPendingEvents.push_back(makeHotplugError(systemTime(), errorCode));
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
 void EventThread::onModeChanged(const scheduler::FrameRateMode& mode) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
 
@@ -439,11 +455,15 @@
             mPendingEvents.pop_front();
 
             if (event->header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG) {
-                if (event->hotplug.connected && !mVSyncState) {
-                    mVSyncState.emplace(event->header.displayId);
-                } else if (!event->hotplug.connected && mVSyncState &&
-                           mVSyncState->displayId == event->header.displayId) {
-                    mVSyncState.reset();
+                if (event->hotplug.connectionError == 0) {
+                    if (event->hotplug.connected && !mVSyncState) {
+                        mVSyncState.emplace(event->header.displayId);
+                    } else if (!event->hotplug.connected && mVSyncState &&
+                               mVSyncState->displayId == event->header.displayId) {
+                        mVSyncState.reset();
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Ignore vsync stuff on an error.
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 7023445..576910e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@
 
     virtual void onHotplugReceived(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) = 0;
 
+    virtual void onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t connectionError) = 0;
+
     // called when SF changes the active mode and apps needs to be notified about the change
     virtual void onModeChanged(const scheduler::FrameRateMode&) = 0;
 
@@ -159,6 +161,8 @@
 
     void onHotplugReceived(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
 
+    void onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t connectionError) override;
+
     void onModeChanged(const scheduler::FrameRateMode&) override;
 
     void onFrameRateOverridesChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 595550b..aa24f56 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -347,6 +347,17 @@
     thread->onHotplugReceived(displayId, connected);
 }
 
+void Scheduler::onHotplugConnectionError(ConnectionHandle handle, int32_t errorCode) {
+    android::EventThread* thread;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectionsLock);
+        RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle);
+        thread = mConnections[handle].thread.get();
+    }
+
+    thread->onHotplugConnectionError(errorCode);
+}
+
 void Scheduler::enableSyntheticVsync(bool enable) {
     // TODO(b/241285945): Remove connection handles.
     const ConnectionHandle handle = mAppConnectionHandle;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index d65df2a..822f7cc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@
     sp<EventThreadConnection> getEventConnection(ConnectionHandle);
 
     void onHotplugReceived(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, bool connected);
+    void onHotplugConnectionError(ConnectionHandle, int32_t errorCode);
+
     void onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, const FrameRateMode&) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
     void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, const FrameRateMode&);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
index ffe6f24..20ea0c0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
@@ -153,6 +153,19 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer3->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
     EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
               layer3->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+
+    layer1->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self);
+    commitTransaction();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer1->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              layer1->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE2, layer2->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer2->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE2, layer3->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              layer3->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
index 9a1a16d..8e782eb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
                 (ResyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, enableSyntheticVsync, (bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugReceived, (PhysicalDisplayId, bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugConnectionError, (int32_t), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onModeChanged, (const scheduler::FrameRateMode&), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onFrameRateOverridesChanged,
                 (PhysicalDisplayId, std::vector<FrameRateOverride>), (override));