diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 8d37aac..6b9a0a0 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -3280,6 +3280,12 @@
     // duration is logged into MYLOG instead.
     PrintHeader();
 
+    bool system_trace_exists = access(SYSTEM_TRACE_SNAPSHOT, F_OK) == 0;
+    if (options_->use_predumped_ui_data && !system_trace_exists) {
+        MYLOGW("Ignoring 'use predumped data' flag because no predumped data is available");
+        options_->use_predumped_ui_data = false;
+    }
+
     std::future<std::string> snapshot_system_trace;
 
     bool is_dumpstate_restricted =
@@ -4191,14 +4197,14 @@
 }
 
 int read_file_as_long(const char *path, long int *output) {
-    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (fd < 0) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
         int err = errno;
         MYLOGE("Error opening file descriptor for %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
         return -1;
     }
     char buffer[50];
-    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd.get(), buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     if (bytes_read == -1) {
         MYLOGE("Error reading file %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
         return -2;
diff --git a/cmds/evemu-record/main.rs b/cmds/evemu-record/main.rs
index c30c00f..db3fd77 100644
--- a/cmds/evemu-record/main.rs
+++ b/cmds/evemu-record/main.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
     fn print_in_8_byte_chunks(
         output: &mut impl Write,
         prefix: &str,
-        data: &Vec<u8>,
+        data: &[u8],
     ) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
         for (i, byte) in data.iter().enumerate() {
             if i % 8 == 0 {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh b/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh
index 28bd793..ae7d8e0 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh
+++ b/cmds/installd/otapreopt_script.sh
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@
   exit 1
 fi
 
+if pm art on-ota-staged --slot "$TARGET_SLOT_SUFFIX"; then
+  # Handled by Pre-reboot Dexopt.
+  exit 0
+fi
+echo "Pre-reboot Dexopt not enabled. Fall back to otapreopt."
+
 if [ "$(/system/bin/otapreopt_chroot --version)" != 2 ]; then
   # We require an updated chroot wrapper that reads dexopt commands from stdin.
   # Even if we kept compat with the old binary, the OTA preopt wouldn't work due
diff --git a/data/etc/Android.bp b/data/etc/Android.bp
index 8b2842a..99f4fbd 100644
--- a/data/etc/Android.bp
+++ b/data/etc/Android.bp
@@ -287,6 +287,12 @@
 }
 
 prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "android.hardware.telephony.data.prebuilt.xml",
+    src: "android.hardware.telephony.data.xml",
+    defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
     name: "android.hardware.telephony.gsm.prebuilt.xml",
     src: "android.hardware.telephony.gsm.xml",
     defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
@@ -329,12 +335,30 @@
 }
 
 prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "android.hardware.vulkan.compute-0.prebuilt.xml",
+    src: "android.hardware.vulkan.compute-0.xml",
+    defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "android.hardware.vulkan.level-1.prebuilt.xml",
+    src: "android.hardware.vulkan.level-1.xml",
+    defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
     name: "android.hardware.vulkan.version-1_0_3.prebuilt.xml",
     src: "android.hardware.vulkan.version-1_0_3.xml",
     defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
 }
 
 prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "android.hardware.vulkan.version-1_3.prebuilt.xml",
+    src: "android.hardware.vulkan.version-1_3.xml",
+    defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
     name: "android.hardware.wifi.prebuilt.xml",
     src: "android.hardware.wifi.xml",
     defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
@@ -353,6 +377,12 @@
 }
 
 prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "android.software.contextualsearch.prebuilt.xml",
+    src: "android.software.contextualsearch.xml",
+    defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
     name: "android.software.device_id_attestation.prebuilt.xml",
     src: "android.software.device_id_attestation.xml",
     defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
diff --git a/include/android/input_transfer_token_jni.h b/include/android/input_transfer_token_jni.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba5f6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/android/input_transfer_token_jni.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+/**
+ * @addtogroup NativeActivity Native Activity
+ * @{
+ */
+/**
+ * @file input_transfer_token_jni.h
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_INPUT_TRANSFER_TOKEN_JNI_H
+#define ANDROID_INPUT_TRANSFER_TOKEN_JNI_H
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+struct AInputTransferToken;
+
+/**
+ * AInputTransferToken can be used to request focus on or to transfer touch gesture to and from
+ * an embedded SurfaceControl
+ */
+typedef struct AInputTransferToken AInputTransferToken;
+
+/**
+ * Return the AInputTransferToken wrapped by a Java InputTransferToken object. This must be released
+ * using AInputTransferToken_release
+ *
+ * inputTransferTokenObj must be a non-null instance of android.window.InputTransferToken.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull AInputTransferToken_fromJava(JNIEnv* _Nonnull env,
+        jobject _Nonnull inputTransferTokenObj) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+/**
+ * Return the Java InputTransferToken object that wraps AInputTransferToken
+ *
+ * aInputTransferToken must be non null and the returned value is an object of instance
+ * android.window.InputTransferToken.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+jobject _Nonnull AInputTransferToken_toJava(JNIEnv* _Nonnull env,
+        const AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull aInputTransferToken) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Removes a reference that was previously acquired in native.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void AInputTransferToken_release(AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull aInputTransferToken)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+__END_DECLS
+#endif // ANDROID_INPUT_TRANSFER_TOKEN_JNI_H
+/** @} */
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control.h b/include/android/surface_control.h
index 321737e..fb1419f 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control.h
@@ -236,6 +236,10 @@
  * it is acquired. If no acquire_fence_fd was provided, this timestamp will be set to -1.
  *
  * Available since API level 29.
+ *
+ * @deprecated This may return SIGNAL_PENDING because the stats can arrive before the acquire
+ * fence has signaled, depending on internal timing differences. Therefore the caller should
+ * use the acquire fence passed in to setBuffer and query the signal time.
  */
 int64_t ASurfaceTransactionStats_getAcquireTime(ASurfaceTransactionStats* surface_transaction_stats,
                                                 ASurfaceControl* surface_control)
@@ -346,7 +350,7 @@
  */
 void ASurfaceTransaction_setBuffer(ASurfaceTransaction* transaction,
                                    ASurfaceControl* surface_control, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
-                                   int acquire_fence_fd = -1) __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
+                                   int acquire_fence_fd) __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
 
 /**
  * Updates the color for \a surface_control.  This will make the background color for the
@@ -532,7 +536,7 @@
  * using this API for formats that encode an HDR/SDR ratio as part of generating the buffer.
  *
  * @param surface_control The layer whose extended range brightness is being specified
- * @param currentBufferRatio The current hdr/sdr ratio of the current buffer as represented as
+ * @param currentBufferRatio The current HDR/SDR ratio of the current buffer as represented as
  *                           peakHdrBrightnessInNits / targetSdrWhitePointInNits. For example if the
  *                           buffer was rendered with a target SDR whitepoint of 100nits and a max
  *                           display brightness of 200nits, this should be set to 2.0f.
@@ -546,7 +550,7 @@
  *
  *                           Must be finite && >= 1.0f
  *
- * @param desiredRatio The desired hdr/sdr ratio as represented as peakHdrBrightnessInNits /
+ * @param desiredRatio The desired HDR/SDR ratio as represented as peakHdrBrightnessInNits /
  *                     targetSdrWhitePointInNits. This can be used to communicate the max desired
  *                     brightness range. This is similar to the "max luminance" value in other
  *                     HDR metadata formats, but represented as a ratio of the target SDR whitepoint
@@ -579,13 +583,13 @@
                                             float desiredRatio) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_U__);
 
 /**
- * Sets the desired hdr headroom for the layer. See: ASurfaceTransaction_setExtendedRangeBrightness,
+ * Sets the desired HDR headroom for the layer. See: ASurfaceTransaction_setExtendedRangeBrightness,
  * prefer using this API for formats that conform to HDR standards like HLG or HDR10, that do not
  * communicate a HDR/SDR ratio as part of generating the buffer.
  *
- * @param surface_control The layer whose desired hdr headroom is being specified
+ * @param surface_control The layer whose desired HDR headroom is being specified
  *
- * @param desiredHeadroom The desired hdr/sdr ratio as represented as peakHdrBrightnessInNits /
+ * @param desiredHeadroom The desired HDR/SDR ratio as represented as peakHdrBrightnessInNits /
  *                        targetSdrWhitePointInNits. This can be used to communicate the max
  *                        desired brightness range of the panel. The system may not be able to, or
  *                        may choose not to, deliver the requested range.
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control_input_receiver.h b/include/android/surface_control_input_receiver.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd2c5df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/android/surface_control_input_receiver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <android/input.h>
+#include <android/surface_control.h>
+#include <android/input_transfer_token_jni.h>
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+/**
+ * The AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent callback is invoked when the registered input channel receives
+ * a motion event.
+ *
+ * \param context Optional context provided by the client that is passed when creating the
+ * AInputReceiverCallbacks.
+ *
+ * \param motionEvent The motion event. This must be released with AInputEvent_release.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+typedef bool (*AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent)(void *_Null_unspecified context,
+                                             AInputEvent *_Nonnull motionEvent)
+                                            __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+/**
+ * The AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent callback is invoked when the registered input channel receives
+ * a key event.
+ *
+ * \param context Optional context provided by the client that is passed when creating the
+ * AInputReceiverCallbacks.
+ *
+ * \param keyEvent The key event. This must be released with AInputEvent_release.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+typedef bool (*AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent)(void *_Null_unspecified context,
+                                          AInputEvent *_Nonnull keyEvent)
+                                          __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+struct AInputReceiverCallbacks;
+
+struct AInputReceiver;
+
+/**
+ * The InputReceiver that holds the reference to the registered input channel. This must be released
+ * using AInputReceiver_release
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+typedef struct AInputReceiver AInputReceiver __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Registers an input receiver for an ASurfaceControl that will receive batched input event. For
+ * those events that are batched, the invocation will happen once per AChoreographer frame, and
+ * other input events will be delivered immediately.
+ *
+ * This is different from AInputReceiver_createUnbatchedInputReceiver in that the input events are
+ * received batched. The caller must invoke AInputReceiver_release to cleanv up the resources when
+ * no longer needing to use the input receiver.
+ *
+ * \param aChoreographer         The AChoreographer used for batching. This should match the
+ *                               rendering AChoreographer.
+ * \param hostInputTransferToken The host token to link the embedded. This is used to handle
+ *                               transferring touch gesture from host to embedded and for ANRs
+ *                               to ensure the host receives the ANR if any issues with
+ *                               touch on the embedded. This can be retrieved for the host window
+ *                               by calling AttachedSurfaceControl#getInputTransferToken()
+ * \param aSurfaceControl        The ASurfaceControl to register the InputChannel for
+ * \param aInputReceiverCallbacks The SurfaceControlInputReceiver that will receive the input events
+ *
+ * Returns the reference to AInputReceiver to clean up resources when done.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputReceiver* _Nonnull
+AInputReceiver_createBatchedInputReceiver(AChoreographer* _Nonnull aChoreographer,
+                                        const AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull hostInputTransferToken,
+                                        const ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull aSurfaceControl,
+                                        AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull aInputReceiverCallbacks)
+                                        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Registers an input receiver for an ASurfaceControl that will receive every input event.
+ * This is different from AInputReceiver_createBatchedInputReceiver in that the input events are
+ * received unbatched. The caller must invoke AInputReceiver_release to clean up the resources when
+ * no longer needing to use the input receiver.
+ *
+ * \param aLooper                The looper to use when invoking callbacks.
+ * \param hostInputTransferToken The host token to link the embedded. This is used to handle
+ *                               transferring touch gesture from host to embedded and for ANRs
+ *                               to ensure the host receives the ANR if any issues with
+ *                               touch on the embedded. This can be retrieved for the host window
+ *                               by calling AttachedSurfaceControl#getInputTransferToken()
+ * \param aSurfaceControl        The ASurfaceControl to register the InputChannel for
+ * \param aInputReceiverCallbacks The SurfaceControlInputReceiver that will receive the input events
+ *
+ * Returns the reference to AInputReceiver to clean up resources when done.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputReceiver* _Nonnull
+AInputReceiver_createUnbatchedInputReceiver(ALooper* _Nonnull aLooper,
+                                         const AInputTransferToken* _Nonnull hostInputTransferToken,
+                                         const ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull aSurfaceControl,
+                                         AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull aInputReceiverCallbacks)
+                                         __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the AInputTransferToken that can be used to transfer touch gesture to or from other
+ * windows. This InputTransferToken is associated with the SurfaceControl that registered an input
+ * receiver and can be used with the host token for things like transfer touch gesture via
+ * WindowManager#transferTouchGesture().
+ *
+ * This must be released with AInputTransferToken_release.
+ *
+ * \param aInputReceiver The inputReceiver object to retrieve the AInputTransferToken for.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+const AInputTransferToken *_Nonnull
+AInputReceiver_getInputTransferToken(AInputReceiver *_Nonnull aInputReceiver)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Unregisters the input channel and deletes the AInputReceiver. This must be called on the same
+ * looper thread it was created with.
+ *
+ * \param aInputReceiver The inputReceiver object to release.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void
+AInputReceiver_release(AInputReceiver *_Nonnull aInputReceiver) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Creates a AInputReceiverCallbacks object that is used when registering for an AInputReceiver.
+ * This must be released using AInputReceiverCallbacks_release
+ *
+ * \param context Optional context provided by the client that will be passed into the callbacks.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull AInputReceiverCallbacks_create(void* _Nullable context)
+                                                        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Releases the AInputReceiverCallbacks. This must be called on the same
+ * looper thread the AInputReceiver was created with. The receiver will not invoke any callbacks
+ * once it's been released.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35
+ */
+void AInputReceiverCallbacks_release(AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull callbacks)
+                                     __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Sets a AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent callback for an AInputReceiverCallbacks
+ *
+ * \param callbacks The callback object to set the motion event on.
+ * \param onMotionEvent The motion event that will be invoked
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void AInputReceiverCallbacks_setMotionEventCallback(AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull callbacks,
+                                                AInputReceiver_onMotionEvent _Nonnull onMotionEvent)
+                                                __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+/**
+ * Sets a AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent callback for an AInputReceiverCallbacks
+ *
+ * \param callbacks The callback object to set the motion event on.
+ * \param onMotionEvent The key event that will be invoked
+ *
+ * Available since API level 35.
+ */
+void AInputReceiverCallbacks_setKeyEventCallback(AInputReceiverCallbacks* _Nonnull callbacks,
+                                                 AInputReceiver_onKeyEvent _Nonnull onKeyEvent)
+                                                 __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+
+__END_DECLS
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/BlockingQueue.h b/include/input/BlockingQueue.h
similarity index 100%
rename from services/inputflinger/BlockingQueue.h
rename to include/input/BlockingQueue.h
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index a84dcfc..19f4ab3 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -662,10 +662,6 @@
 
     inline void setActionButton(int32_t button) { mActionButton = button; }
 
-    inline float getXOffset() const { return mTransform.tx(); }
-
-    inline float getYOffset() const { return mTransform.ty(); }
-
     inline const ui::Transform& getTransform() const { return mTransform; }
 
     std::optional<ui::Rotation> getSurfaceRotation() const;
@@ -870,12 +866,32 @@
 
     void copyFrom(const MotionEvent* other, bool keepHistory);
 
+    // Initialize this event by keeping only the pointers from "other" that are in splitPointerIds.
+    void splitFrom(const MotionEvent& other, std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitPointerIds,
+                   int32_t newEventId);
+
     void addSample(
             nsecs_t eventTime,
             const PointerCoords* pointerCoords);
 
     void offsetLocation(float xOffset, float yOffset);
 
+    /**
+     * Get the X offset of this motion event relative to the origin of the raw coordinate space.
+     *
+     * In practice, this is the delta that was added to the raw screen coordinates (i.e. in logical
+     * display space) to adjust for the absolute position of the containing windows and views.
+     */
+    float getRawXOffset() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Y offset of this motion event relative to the origin of the raw coordinate space.
+     *
+     * In practice, this is the delta that was added to the raw screen coordinates (i.e. in logical
+     * display space) to adjust for the absolute position of the containing windows and views.
+     */
+    float getRawYOffset() const;
+
     void scale(float globalScaleFactor);
 
     // Set 3x3 perspective matrix transformation.
@@ -910,6 +926,11 @@
 
     static std::string actionToString(int32_t action);
 
+    static std::tuple<int32_t /*action*/, std::vector<PointerProperties>,
+                      std::vector<PointerCoords>>
+    split(int32_t action, int32_t flags, int32_t historySize, const std::vector<PointerProperties>&,
+          const std::vector<PointerCoords>&, std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitPointerIds);
+
     // MotionEvent will transform various axes in different ways, based on the source. For
     // example, the x and y axes will not have any offsets/translations applied if it comes from a
     // relative mouse device (since SOURCE_RELATIVE_MOUSE is a non-pointer source). These methods
@@ -1171,15 +1192,17 @@
  */
 struct PointerCaptureRequest {
 public:
-    inline PointerCaptureRequest() : enable(false), seq(0) {}
-    inline PointerCaptureRequest(bool enable, uint32_t seq) : enable(enable), seq(seq) {}
+    inline PointerCaptureRequest() : window(), seq(0) {}
+    inline PointerCaptureRequest(sp<IBinder> window, uint32_t seq) : window(window), seq(seq) {}
     inline bool operator==(const PointerCaptureRequest& other) const {
-        return enable == other.enable && seq == other.seq;
+        return window == other.window && seq == other.seq;
     }
-    explicit inline operator bool() const { return enable; }
+    inline bool isEnable() const { return window != nullptr; }
 
-    // True iff this is a request to enable Pointer Capture.
-    bool enable;
+    // The requesting window.
+    // If the request is to enable the capture, this is the input token of the window that requested
+    // pointer capture. Otherwise, this is nullptr.
+    sp<IBinder> window;
 
     // The sequence number for the request.
     uint32_t seq;
diff --git a/include/input/InputConsumer.h b/include/input/InputConsumer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..560e804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/input/InputConsumer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/*
+ * Native input transport.
+ *
+ * The InputConsumer is used by the application to receive events from the input dispatcher.
+ */
+
+#include "InputTransport.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+/*
+ * Consumes input events from an input channel.
+ */
+class InputConsumer {
+public:
+    /* Create a consumer associated with an input channel. */
+    explicit InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel);
+    /* Create a consumer associated with an input channel, override resampling system property */
+    explicit InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
+                           bool enableTouchResampling);
+
+    /* Destroys the consumer and releases its input channel. */
+    ~InputConsumer();
+
+    /* Gets the underlying input channel. */
+    inline std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> getChannel() { return mChannel; }
+
+    /* Consumes an input event from the input channel and copies its contents into
+     * an InputEvent object created using the specified factory.
+     *
+     * Tries to combine a series of move events into larger batches whenever possible.
+     *
+     * If consumeBatches is false, then defers consuming pending batched events if it
+     * is possible for additional samples to be added to them later.  Call hasPendingBatch()
+     * to determine whether a pending batch is available to be consumed.
+     *
+     * If consumeBatches is true, then events are still batched but they are consumed
+     * immediately as soon as the input channel is exhausted.
+     *
+     * The frameTime parameter specifies the time when the current display frame started
+     * rendering in the CLOCK_MONOTONIC time base, or -1 if unknown.
+     *
+     * The returned sequence number is never 0 unless the operation failed.
+     *
+     * Returns OK on success.
+     * Returns WOULD_BLOCK if there is no event present.
+     * Returns DEAD_OBJECT if the channel's peer has been closed.
+     * Returns NO_MEMORY if the event could not be created.
+     * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
+     */
+    status_t consume(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, bool consumeBatches, nsecs_t frameTime,
+                     uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
+
+    /* Sends a finished signal to the publisher to inform it that the message
+     * with the specified sequence number has finished being process and whether
+     * the message was handled by the consumer.
+     *
+     * Returns OK on success.
+     * Returns BAD_VALUE if seq is 0.
+     * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
+     */
+    status_t sendFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled);
+
+    status_t sendTimeline(int32_t inputEventId,
+                          std::array<nsecs_t, GraphicsTimeline::SIZE> timeline);
+
+    /* Returns true if there is a pending batch.
+     *
+     * Should be called after calling consume() with consumeBatches == false to determine
+     * whether consume() should be called again later on with consumeBatches == true.
+     */
+    bool hasPendingBatch() const;
+
+    /* Returns the source of first pending batch if exist.
+     *
+     * Should be called after calling consume() with consumeBatches == false to determine
+     * whether consume() should be called again later on with consumeBatches == true.
+     */
+    int32_t getPendingBatchSource() const;
+
+    /* Returns true when there is *likely* a pending batch or a pending event in the channel.
+     *
+     * This is only a performance hint and may return false negative results. Clients should not
+     * rely on availability of the message based on the return value.
+     */
+    bool probablyHasInput() const;
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+private:
+    // True if touch resampling is enabled.
+    const bool mResampleTouch;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> mChannel;
+
+    // The current input message.
+    InputMessage mMsg;
+
+    // True if mMsg contains a valid input message that was deferred from the previous
+    // call to consume and that still needs to be handled.
+    bool mMsgDeferred;
+
+    // Batched motion events per device and source.
+    struct Batch {
+        std::vector<InputMessage> samples;
+    };
+    std::vector<Batch> mBatches;
+
+    // Touch state per device and source, only for sources of class pointer.
+    struct History {
+        nsecs_t eventTime;
+        BitSet32 idBits;
+        int32_t idToIndex[MAX_POINTER_ID + 1];
+        PointerCoords pointers[MAX_POINTERS];
+
+        void initializeFrom(const InputMessage& msg) {
+            eventTime = msg.body.motion.eventTime;
+            idBits.clear();
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < msg.body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
+                uint32_t id = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties.id;
+                idBits.markBit(id);
+                idToIndex[id] = i;
+                pointers[i].copyFrom(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void initializeFrom(const History& other) {
+            eventTime = other.eventTime;
+            idBits = other.idBits; // temporary copy
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < other.idBits.count(); i++) {
+                uint32_t id = idBits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
+                int32_t index = other.idToIndex[id];
+                idToIndex[id] = index;
+                pointers[index].copyFrom(other.pointers[index]);
+            }
+            idBits = other.idBits; // final copy
+        }
+
+        const PointerCoords& getPointerById(uint32_t id) const { return pointers[idToIndex[id]]; }
+
+        bool hasPointerId(uint32_t id) const { return idBits.hasBit(id); }
+    };
+    struct TouchState {
+        int32_t deviceId;
+        int32_t source;
+        size_t historyCurrent;
+        size_t historySize;
+        History history[2];
+        History lastResample;
+
+        void initialize(int32_t incomingDeviceId, int32_t incomingSource) {
+            deviceId = incomingDeviceId;
+            source = incomingSource;
+            historyCurrent = 0;
+            historySize = 0;
+            lastResample.eventTime = 0;
+            lastResample.idBits.clear();
+        }
+
+        void addHistory(const InputMessage& msg) {
+            historyCurrent ^= 1;
+            if (historySize < 2) {
+                historySize += 1;
+            }
+            history[historyCurrent].initializeFrom(msg);
+        }
+
+        const History* getHistory(size_t index) const {
+            return &history[(historyCurrent + index) & 1];
+        }
+
+        bool recentCoordinatesAreIdentical(uint32_t id) const {
+            // Return true if the two most recently received "raw" coordinates are identical
+            if (historySize < 2) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!getHistory(0)->hasPointerId(id) || !getHistory(1)->hasPointerId(id)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            float currentX = getHistory(0)->getPointerById(id).getX();
+            float currentY = getHistory(0)->getPointerById(id).getY();
+            float previousX = getHistory(1)->getPointerById(id).getX();
+            float previousY = getHistory(1)->getPointerById(id).getY();
+            if (currentX == previousX && currentY == previousY) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    std::vector<TouchState> mTouchStates;
+
+    // Chain of batched sequence numbers.  When multiple input messages are combined into
+    // a batch, we append a record here that associates the last sequence number in the
+    // batch with the previous one.  When the finished signal is sent, we traverse the
+    // chain to individually finish all input messages that were part of the batch.
+    struct SeqChain {
+        uint32_t seq;   // sequence number of batched input message
+        uint32_t chain; // sequence number of previous batched input message
+    };
+    std::vector<SeqChain> mSeqChains;
+
+    // The time at which each event with the sequence number 'seq' was consumed.
+    // This data is provided in 'finishInputEvent' so that the receiving end can measure the latency
+    // This collection is populated when the event is received, and the entries are erased when the
+    // events are finished. It should not grow infinitely because if an event is not ack'd, ANR
+    // will be raised for that connection, and no further events will be posted to that channel.
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*seq*/, nsecs_t /*consumeTime*/> mConsumeTimes;
+
+    status_t consumeBatch(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq,
+                          InputEvent** outEvent);
+    status_t consumeSamples(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, Batch& batch, size_t count,
+                            uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
+
+    void updateTouchState(InputMessage& msg);
+    void resampleTouchState(nsecs_t frameTime, MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* next);
+
+    ssize_t findBatch(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const;
+    ssize_t findTouchState(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const;
+
+    nsecs_t getConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) const;
+    void popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq);
+    status_t sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled);
+
+    static void rewriteMessage(TouchState& state, InputMessage& msg);
+    static bool canAddSample(const Batch& batch, const InputMessage* msg);
+    static ssize_t findSampleNoLaterThan(const Batch& batch, nsecs_t time);
+
+    static bool isTouchResamplingEnabled();
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/include/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h b/include/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e48b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+#include "InputTransport.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * An interface to receive batched input events. Even if you don't want batching, you still have to
+ * use this interface, and some of the events will be batched if your implementation is slow to
+ * handle the incoming input.
+ */
+class InputConsumerCallbacks {
+public:
+    virtual ~InputConsumerCallbacks(){};
+    virtual void onKeyEvent(std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onMotionEvent(std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    /**
+     * When you receive this callback, you must (eventually) call "consumeBatchedInputEvents".
+     * If you don't want batching, then call "consumeBatchedInputEvents" immediately with
+     * std::nullopt frameTime to receive the pending motion event(s).
+     * @param pendingBatchSource the source of the pending batch.
+     */
+    virtual void onBatchedInputEventPending(int32_t pendingBatchSource) = 0;
+    virtual void onFocusEvent(std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onCaptureEvent(std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onDragEvent(std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+    virtual void onTouchModeEvent(std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event, uint32_t seq) = 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Consumes input events from an input channel.
+ *
+ * This is a re-implementation of InputConsumer that does not have resampling at the current moment.
+ * A lot of the higher-level logic has been folded into this class, to make it easier to use.
+ * In the legacy class, InputConsumer, the consumption logic was partially handled in the jni layer,
+ * as well as various actions like adding the fd to the Choreographer.
+ *
+ * TODO(b/297226446): use this instead of "InputConsumer":
+ * - Add resampling to this class
+ * - Allow various resampling strategies to be specified
+ * - Delete the old "InputConsumer" and use this class instead, renaming it to "InputConsumer".
+ * - Add tracing
+ * - Update all tests to use the new InputConsumer
+ *
+ * This class is not thread-safe. We are currently allowing the constructor to run on any thread,
+ * but all of the remaining APIs should be invoked on the looper thread only.
+ */
+class InputConsumerNoResampling final {
+public:
+    explicit InputConsumerNoResampling(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
+                                       sp<Looper> looper, InputConsumerCallbacks& callbacks);
+    ~InputConsumerNoResampling();
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called exactly once for each event received through the callbacks.
+     */
+    void finishInputEvent(uint32_t seq, bool handled);
+    void reportTimeline(int32_t inputEventId, nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime, nsecs_t presentTime);
+    /**
+     * If you want to consume all events immediately (disable batching), the you still must call
+     * this. For frameTime, use a std::nullopt.
+     * @param frameTime the time up to which consume the events. When there's double (or triple)
+     * buffering, you may want to not consume all events currently available, because you could be
+     * still working on an older frame, but there could already have been events that arrived that
+     * are more recent.
+     * @return whether any events were actually consumed
+     */
+    bool consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::optional<nsecs_t> frameTime);
+    /**
+     * Returns true when there is *likely* a pending batch or a pending event in the channel.
+     *
+     * This is only a performance hint and may return false negative results. Clients should not
+     * rely on availability of the message based on the return value.
+     */
+    bool probablyHasInput() const;
+
+    std::string getName() { return mChannel->getName(); }
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> mChannel;
+    sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    InputConsumerCallbacks& mCallbacks;
+
+    // Looper-related infrastructure
+    /**
+     * This class is needed to associate the function "handleReceiveCallback" with the provided
+     * looper. The callback sent to the looper is RefBase - based, so we can't just send a reference
+     * of this class directly to the looper.
+     */
+    class LooperEventCallback : public LooperCallback {
+    public:
+        LooperEventCallback(std::function<int(int events)> callback) : mCallback(callback) {}
+        int handleEvent(int /*fd*/, int events, void* /*data*/) override {
+            return mCallback(events);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::function<int(int events)> mCallback;
+    };
+    sp<LooperEventCallback> mCallback;
+    /**
+     * The actual code that executes when the looper encounters available data on the InputChannel.
+     */
+    int handleReceiveCallback(int events);
+    int mFdEvents;
+    void setFdEvents(int events);
+
+    void ensureCalledOnLooperThread(const char* func) const;
+
+    // Event-reading infrastructure
+    /**
+     * A fifo queue of events to be sent to the InputChannel. We can't send all InputMessages to
+     * the channel immediately when they are produced, because it's possible that the InputChannel
+     * is blocked (if the channel buffer is full). When that happens, we don't want to drop the
+     * events. Therefore, events should only be erased from the queue after they've been
+     * successfully written to the InputChannel.
+     */
+    std::queue<InputMessage> mOutboundQueue;
+    /**
+     * Try to send all of the events in mOutboundQueue over the InputChannel. Not all events might
+     * actually get sent, because it's possible that the channel is blocked.
+     */
+    void processOutboundEvents();
+
+    /**
+     * The time at which each event with the sequence number 'seq' was consumed.
+     * This data is provided in 'finishInputEvent' so that the receiving end can measure the latency
+     * This collection is populated when the event is received, and the entries are erased when the
+     * events are finished. It should not grow infinitely because if an event is not ack'd, ANR
+     * will be raised for that connection, and no further events will be posted to that channel.
+     */
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*seq*/, nsecs_t /*consumeTime*/> mConsumeTimes;
+    /**
+     * Find and return the consumeTime associated with the provided sequence number. Crashes if
+     * the provided seq number is not found.
+     */
+    nsecs_t popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq);
+
+    // Event reading and processing
+    /**
+     * Read all of the available events from the InputChannel
+     */
+    std::vector<InputMessage> readAllMessages();
+
+    /**
+     * Send InputMessage to the corresponding InputConsumerCallbacks function.
+     * @param msg
+     */
+    void handleMessage(const InputMessage& msg) const;
+
+    // Batching
+    /**
+     * Batch messages that can be batched. When an unbatchable message is encountered, send it
+     * to the InputConsumerCallbacks immediately. If there are batches remaining,
+     * notify InputConsumerCallbacks.
+     */
+    void handleMessages(std::vector<InputMessage>&& messages);
+    /**
+     * Batched InputMessages, per deviceId.
+     * For each device, we are storing a queue of batched messages. These will all be collapsed into
+     * a single MotionEvent (up to a specific frameTime) when the consumer calls
+     * `consumeBatchedInputEvents`.
+     */
+    std::map<DeviceId, std::queue<InputMessage>> mBatches;
+    /**
+     * A map from a single sequence number to several sequence numbers. This is needed because of
+     * batching. When batching is enabled, a single MotionEvent will contain several samples. Each
+     * sample came from an individual InputMessage of Type::Motion, and therefore will have to be
+     * finished individually. Therefore, when the app calls "finish" on a (possibly batched)
+     * MotionEvent, we will need to check this map in case there are multiple sequence numbers
+     * associated with a single number that the app provided.
+     *
+     * For example:
+     * Suppose we received 4 InputMessage's of type Motion, with action MOVE:
+     * InputMessage(MOVE)   InputMessage(MOVE)   InputMessage(MOVE)   InputMessage(MOVE)
+     *    seq=10               seq=11               seq=12               seq=13
+     * The app consumed them all as a batch, which means that the app received a single MotionEvent
+     * with historySize=3 and seq = 10.
+     *
+     * This map will look like:
+     * {
+     *   10: [11, 12, 13],
+     * }
+     * So the sequence number 10 will have 3 other sequence numbers associated with it.
+     * When the app calls 'finish' for seq=10, we need to call 'finish' 4 times total, for sequence
+     * numbers 10, 11, 12, 13. The app is not aware of the sequence numbers of each sample inside
+     * the batched MotionEvent that it received.
+     */
+    std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<uint32_t>> mBatchedSequenceNumbers;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/include/input/InputEventBuilders.h b/include/input/InputEventBuilders.h
index 2d23b97..c0c5e24 100644
--- a/include/input/InputEventBuilders.h
+++ b/include/input/InputEventBuilders.h
@@ -118,6 +118,16 @@
         return *this;
     }
 
+    MotionEventBuilder& transform(ui::Transform t) {
+        mTransform = t;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    MotionEventBuilder& rawTransform(ui::Transform t) {
+        mRawTransform = t;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     MotionEvent build() {
         std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
         std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
@@ -134,12 +144,11 @@
         }
 
         MotionEvent event;
-        static const ui::Transform kIdentityTransform;
         event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), mDeviceId, mSource, mDisplayId, INVALID_HMAC,
                          mAction, mActionButton, mFlags, /*edgeFlags=*/0, AMETA_NONE, mButtonState,
-                         MotionClassification::NONE, kIdentityTransform,
+                         MotionClassification::NONE, mTransform,
                          /*xPrecision=*/0, /*yPrecision=*/0, mRawXCursorPosition,
-                         mRawYCursorPosition, kIdentityTransform, mDownTime, mEventTime,
+                         mRawYCursorPosition, mRawTransform, mDownTime, mEventTime,
                          mPointers.size(), pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
         return event;
     }
@@ -156,6 +165,8 @@
     int32_t mFlags{0};
     float mRawXCursorPosition{AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION};
     float mRawYCursorPosition{AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION};
+    ui::Transform mTransform;
+    ui::Transform mRawTransform;
 
     std::vector<PointerBuilder> mPointers;
 };
diff --git a/include/input/InputTransport.h b/include/input/InputTransport.h
index 42dcd3c..5f9c8f5 100644
--- a/include/input/InputTransport.h
+++ b/include/input/InputTransport.h
@@ -451,236 +451,4 @@
     InputVerifier mInputVerifier;
 };
 
-/*
- * Consumes input events from an input channel.
- */
-class InputConsumer {
-public:
-    /* Create a consumer associated with an input channel. */
-    explicit InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel);
-    /* Create a consumer associated with an input channel, override resampling system property */
-    explicit InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
-                           bool enableTouchResampling);
-
-    /* Destroys the consumer and releases its input channel. */
-    ~InputConsumer();
-
-    /* Gets the underlying input channel. */
-    inline std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> getChannel() { return mChannel; }
-
-    /* Consumes an input event from the input channel and copies its contents into
-     * an InputEvent object created using the specified factory.
-     *
-     * Tries to combine a series of move events into larger batches whenever possible.
-     *
-     * If consumeBatches is false, then defers consuming pending batched events if it
-     * is possible for additional samples to be added to them later.  Call hasPendingBatch()
-     * to determine whether a pending batch is available to be consumed.
-     *
-     * If consumeBatches is true, then events are still batched but they are consumed
-     * immediately as soon as the input channel is exhausted.
-     *
-     * The frameTime parameter specifies the time when the current display frame started
-     * rendering in the CLOCK_MONOTONIC time base, or -1 if unknown.
-     *
-     * The returned sequence number is never 0 unless the operation failed.
-     *
-     * Returns OK on success.
-     * Returns WOULD_BLOCK if there is no event present.
-     * Returns DEAD_OBJECT if the channel's peer has been closed.
-     * Returns NO_MEMORY if the event could not be created.
-     * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
-     */
-    status_t consume(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, bool consumeBatches, nsecs_t frameTime,
-                     uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
-
-    /* Sends a finished signal to the publisher to inform it that the message
-     * with the specified sequence number has finished being process and whether
-     * the message was handled by the consumer.
-     *
-     * Returns OK on success.
-     * Returns BAD_VALUE if seq is 0.
-     * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
-     */
-    status_t sendFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled);
-
-    status_t sendTimeline(int32_t inputEventId,
-                          std::array<nsecs_t, GraphicsTimeline::SIZE> timeline);
-
-    /* Returns true if there is a pending batch.
-     *
-     * Should be called after calling consume() with consumeBatches == false to determine
-     * whether consume() should be called again later on with consumeBatches == true.
-     */
-    bool hasPendingBatch() const;
-
-    /* Returns the source of first pending batch if exist.
-     *
-     * Should be called after calling consume() with consumeBatches == false to determine
-     * whether consume() should be called again later on with consumeBatches == true.
-     */
-    int32_t getPendingBatchSource() const;
-
-    /* Returns true when there is *likely* a pending batch or a pending event in the channel.
-     *
-     * This is only a performance hint and may return false negative results. Clients should not
-     * rely on availability of the message based on the return value.
-     */
-    bool probablyHasInput() const;
-
-    std::string dump() const;
-
-private:
-    // True if touch resampling is enabled.
-    const bool mResampleTouch;
-
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> mChannel;
-
-    // The current input message.
-    InputMessage mMsg;
-
-    // True if mMsg contains a valid input message that was deferred from the previous
-    // call to consume and that still needs to be handled.
-    bool mMsgDeferred;
-
-    // Batched motion events per device and source.
-    struct Batch {
-        std::vector<InputMessage> samples;
-    };
-    std::vector<Batch> mBatches;
-
-    // Touch state per device and source, only for sources of class pointer.
-    struct History {
-        nsecs_t eventTime;
-        BitSet32 idBits;
-        int32_t idToIndex[MAX_POINTER_ID + 1];
-        PointerCoords pointers[MAX_POINTERS];
-
-        void initializeFrom(const InputMessage& msg) {
-            eventTime = msg.body.motion.eventTime;
-            idBits.clear();
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < msg.body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
-                uint32_t id = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties.id;
-                idBits.markBit(id);
-                idToIndex[id] = i;
-                pointers[i].copyFrom(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords);
-            }
-        }
-
-        void initializeFrom(const History& other) {
-            eventTime = other.eventTime;
-            idBits = other.idBits; // temporary copy
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < other.idBits.count(); i++) {
-                uint32_t id = idBits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
-                int32_t index = other.idToIndex[id];
-                idToIndex[id] = index;
-                pointers[index].copyFrom(other.pointers[index]);
-            }
-            idBits = other.idBits; // final copy
-        }
-
-        const PointerCoords& getPointerById(uint32_t id) const {
-            return pointers[idToIndex[id]];
-        }
-
-        bool hasPointerId(uint32_t id) const {
-            return idBits.hasBit(id);
-        }
-    };
-    struct TouchState {
-        int32_t deviceId;
-        int32_t source;
-        size_t historyCurrent;
-        size_t historySize;
-        History history[2];
-        History lastResample;
-
-        void initialize(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) {
-            this->deviceId = deviceId;
-            this->source = source;
-            historyCurrent = 0;
-            historySize = 0;
-            lastResample.eventTime = 0;
-            lastResample.idBits.clear();
-        }
-
-        void addHistory(const InputMessage& msg) {
-            historyCurrent ^= 1;
-            if (historySize < 2) {
-                historySize += 1;
-            }
-            history[historyCurrent].initializeFrom(msg);
-        }
-
-        const History* getHistory(size_t index) const {
-            return &history[(historyCurrent + index) & 1];
-        }
-
-        bool recentCoordinatesAreIdentical(uint32_t id) const {
-            // Return true if the two most recently received "raw" coordinates are identical
-            if (historySize < 2) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (!getHistory(0)->hasPointerId(id) || !getHistory(1)->hasPointerId(id)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            float currentX = getHistory(0)->getPointerById(id).getX();
-            float currentY = getHistory(0)->getPointerById(id).getY();
-            float previousX = getHistory(1)->getPointerById(id).getX();
-            float previousY = getHistory(1)->getPointerById(id).getY();
-            if (currentX == previousX && currentY == previousY) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-    };
-    std::vector<TouchState> mTouchStates;
-
-    // Chain of batched sequence numbers.  When multiple input messages are combined into
-    // a batch, we append a record here that associates the last sequence number in the
-    // batch with the previous one.  When the finished signal is sent, we traverse the
-    // chain to individually finish all input messages that were part of the batch.
-    struct SeqChain {
-        uint32_t seq;   // sequence number of batched input message
-        uint32_t chain; // sequence number of previous batched input message
-    };
-    std::vector<SeqChain> mSeqChains;
-
-    // The time at which each event with the sequence number 'seq' was consumed.
-    // This data is provided in 'finishInputEvent' so that the receiving end can measure the latency
-    // This collection is populated when the event is received, and the entries are erased when the
-    // events are finished. It should not grow infinitely because if an event is not ack'd, ANR
-    // will be raised for that connection, and no further events will be posted to that channel.
-    std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*seq*/, nsecs_t /*consumeTime*/> mConsumeTimes;
-
-    status_t consumeBatch(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-            nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
-    status_t consumeSamples(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-            Batch& batch, size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent);
-
-    void updateTouchState(InputMessage& msg);
-    void resampleTouchState(nsecs_t frameTime, MotionEvent* event,
-            const InputMessage *next);
-
-    ssize_t findBatch(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const;
-    ssize_t findTouchState(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const;
-
-    nsecs_t getConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) const;
-    void popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq);
-    status_t sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled);
-
-    static void rewriteMessage(TouchState& state, InputMessage& msg);
-    static void initializeKeyEvent(KeyEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static void initializeMotionEvent(MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static void initializeFocusEvent(FocusEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static void initializeCaptureEvent(CaptureEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static void initializeDragEvent(DragEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static void initializeTouchModeEvent(TouchModeEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static void addSample(MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static bool canAddSample(const Batch& batch, const InputMessage* msg);
-    static ssize_t findSampleNoLaterThan(const Batch& batch, nsecs_t time);
-
-    static bool isTouchResamplingEnabled();
-};
-
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/include/powermanager/HalResult.h b/include/powermanager/HalResult.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe3822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/powermanager/HalResult.h
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.0/IPower.h>
+#include <binder/Status.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android::power {
+
+static bool checkUnsupported(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& ndkStatus) {
+    return ndkStatus.getExceptionCode() == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
+            ndkStatus.getStatus() == STATUS_UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
+}
+
+static bool checkUnsupported(const binder::Status& status) {
+    return status.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
+            status.transactionError() == UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
+}
+
+// Result of a call to the Power HAL wrapper, holding data if successful.
+template <typename T>
+class HalResult {
+public:
+    static HalResult<T> ok(T&& value) { return HalResult(std::forward<T>(value)); }
+    static HalResult<T> ok(T& value) { return HalResult<T>::ok(T{value}); }
+    static HalResult<T> failed(std::string msg) { return HalResult(msg, /* unsupported= */ false); }
+    static HalResult<T> unsupported() { return HalResult("", /* unsupported= */ true); }
+
+    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const binder::Status& status, T&& data) {
+        if (checkUnsupported(status)) {
+            return HalResult<T>::unsupported();
+        }
+        if (status.isOk()) {
+            return HalResult<T>::ok(std::forward<T>(data));
+        }
+        return HalResult<T>::failed(std::string(status.toString8().c_str()));
+    }
+
+    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const binder::Status& status, T& data) {
+        return HalResult<T>::fromStatus(status, T{data});
+    }
+
+    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& ndkStatus, T&& data) {
+        if (checkUnsupported(ndkStatus)) {
+            return HalResult<T>::unsupported();
+        }
+        if (ndkStatus.isOk()) {
+            return HalResult<T>::ok(std::forward<T>(data));
+        }
+        return HalResult<T>::failed(std::string(ndkStatus.getDescription()));
+    }
+
+    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& ndkStatus, T& data) {
+        return HalResult<T>::fromStatus(ndkStatus, T{data});
+    }
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, T&& data) {
+        return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<T>::ok(std::forward<T>(data))
+                          : HalResult<T>::failed(ret.description());
+    }
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, T& data) {
+        return HalResult<T>::fromReturn(ret, T{data});
+    }
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, hardware::power::V1_0::Status status,
+                                   T&& data) {
+        return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<T>::fromStatus(status, std::forward<T>(data))
+                          : HalResult<T>::failed(ret.description());
+    }
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, hardware::power::V1_0::Status status,
+                                   T& data) {
+        return HalResult<T>::fromReturn(ret, status, T{data});
+    }
+
+    // This will throw std::bad_optional_access if this result is not ok.
+    const T& value() const { return mValue.value(); }
+    bool isOk() const { return !mUnsupported && mValue.has_value(); }
+    bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && !mValue.has_value(); }
+    bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
+    const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
+
+private:
+    std::optional<T> mValue;
+    std::string mErrorMessage;
+    bool mUnsupported;
+
+    explicit HalResult(T&& value)
+          : mValue{std::move(value)}, mErrorMessage(), mUnsupported(false) {}
+    explicit HalResult(std::string errorMessage, bool unsupported)
+          : mValue(), mErrorMessage(std::move(errorMessage)), mUnsupported(unsupported) {}
+};
+
+// Empty result
+template <>
+class HalResult<void> {
+public:
+    static HalResult<void> ok() { return HalResult(); }
+    static HalResult<void> failed(std::string msg) { return HalResult(std::move(msg)); }
+    static HalResult<void> unsupported() { return HalResult(/* unsupported= */ true); }
+
+    static HalResult<void> fromStatus(const binder::Status& status) {
+        if (checkUnsupported(status)) {
+            return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+        }
+        if (status.isOk()) {
+            return HalResult<void>::ok();
+        }
+        return HalResult<void>::failed(std::string(status.toString8().c_str()));
+    }
+
+    static HalResult<void> fromStatus(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& ndkStatus) {
+        if (ndkStatus.isOk()) {
+            return HalResult<void>::ok();
+        }
+        if (checkUnsupported(ndkStatus)) {
+            return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+        }
+        return HalResult<void>::failed(ndkStatus.getDescription());
+    }
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<void> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret) {
+        return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<void>::ok() : HalResult<void>::failed(ret.description());
+    }
+
+    bool isOk() const { return !mUnsupported && !mFailed; }
+    bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && mFailed; }
+    bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
+    const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
+
+private:
+    std::string mErrorMessage;
+    bool mFailed;
+    bool mUnsupported;
+
+    explicit HalResult(bool unsupported = false)
+          : mErrorMessage(), mFailed(false), mUnsupported(unsupported) {}
+    explicit HalResult(std::string errorMessage)
+          : mErrorMessage(std::move(errorMessage)), mFailed(true), mUnsupported(false) {}
+};
+} // namespace android::power
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h
index c50bc4a..7e0bd5b 100644
--- a/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 
     virtual std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect();
     virtual void reset();
+    virtual int32_t getAidlVersion();
 };
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -59,14 +61,13 @@
                                      int32_t durationMs) override;
     virtual HalResult<void> setMode(aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode mode,
                                     bool enabled) override;
-    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-    createHintSession(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                      int64_t durationNanos) override;
-    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-    createHintSessionWithConfig(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                                int64_t durationNanos,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) override;
+    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSession(
+            int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
+            int64_t durationNanos) override;
+    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSessionWithConfig(
+            int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) override;
     virtual HalResult<int64_t> getHintSessionPreferredRate() override;
     virtual HalResult<aidl::android::hardware::power::ChannelConfig> getSessionChannel(
             int tgid, int uid) override;
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h
index cbbfa59..ab66336 100644
--- a/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
     static sp<hardware::power::V1_1::IPower> loadHidlV1_1();
     static sp<hardware::power::V1_2::IPower> loadHidlV1_2();
     static sp<hardware::power::V1_3::IPower> loadHidlV1_3();
+    // Returns aidl interface version, or 0 if AIDL is not used
+    static int32_t getAidlVersion();
 
 private:
     static std::mutex gHalMutex;
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@
     static sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> loadHidlV1_0Locked()
             EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(gHalMutex);
 
+    static int32_t gAidlInterfaceVersion;
+
     PowerHalLoader() = delete;
     ~PowerHalLoader() = delete;
 };
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h
index e2da014..6e347a9 100644
--- a/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 #include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
 #include <android/hardware/power/1.2/IPower.h>
 #include <android/hardware/power/1.3/IPower.h>
+#include <powermanager/HalResult.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h>
+
 #include <binder/Status.h>
 
 #include <utility>
@@ -41,134 +44,6 @@
     OFF = 2,
 };
 
-// Result of a call to the Power HAL wrapper, holding data if successful.
-template <typename T>
-class HalResult {
-public:
-    static HalResult<T> ok(T&& value) { return HalResult(std::forward<T>(value)); }
-    static HalResult<T> ok(T& value) { return HalResult<T>::ok(T{value}); }
-    static HalResult<T> failed(std::string msg) { return HalResult(msg, /* unsupported= */ false); }
-    static HalResult<T> unsupported() { return HalResult("", /* unsupported= */ true); }
-
-    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const binder::Status& status, T&& data) {
-        if (status.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
-            return HalResult<T>::unsupported();
-        }
-        if (status.isOk()) {
-            return HalResult<T>::ok(std::forward<T>(data));
-        }
-        return HalResult<T>::failed(std::string(status.toString8().c_str()));
-    }
-
-    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const binder::Status& status, T& data) {
-        return HalResult<T>::fromStatus(status, T{data});
-    }
-
-    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& status, T&& data) {
-        if (status.getExceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
-            return HalResult<T>::unsupported();
-        }
-        if (status.isOk()) {
-            return HalResult<T>::ok(std::forward<T>(data));
-        }
-        return HalResult<T>::failed(std::string(status.getDescription()));
-    }
-
-    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& status, T& data) {
-        return HalResult<T>::fromStatus(status, T{data});
-    }
-
-    template <typename R>
-    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, T&& data) {
-        return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<T>::ok(std::forward<T>(data))
-                          : HalResult<T>::failed(ret.description());
-    }
-
-    template <typename R>
-    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, T& data) {
-        return HalResult<T>::fromReturn(ret, T{data});
-    }
-
-    template <typename R>
-    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, hardware::power::V1_0::Status status,
-                                   T&& data) {
-        return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<T>::fromStatus(status, std::forward<T>(data))
-                          : HalResult<T>::failed(ret.description());
-    }
-
-    template <typename R>
-    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, hardware::power::V1_0::Status status,
-                                   T& data) {
-        return HalResult<T>::fromReturn(ret, status, T{data});
-    }
-
-    // This will throw std::bad_optional_access if this result is not ok.
-    const T& value() const { return mValue.value(); }
-    bool isOk() const { return !mUnsupported && mValue.has_value(); }
-    bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && !mValue.has_value(); }
-    bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
-    const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
-
-private:
-    std::optional<T> mValue;
-    std::string mErrorMessage;
-    bool mUnsupported;
-
-    explicit HalResult(T&& value)
-          : mValue{std::move(value)}, mErrorMessage(), mUnsupported(false) {}
-    explicit HalResult(std::string errorMessage, bool unsupported)
-          : mValue(), mErrorMessage(std::move(errorMessage)), mUnsupported(unsupported) {}
-};
-
-// Empty result of a call to the Power HAL wrapper.
-template <>
-class HalResult<void> {
-public:
-    static HalResult<void> ok() { return HalResult(); }
-    static HalResult<void> failed(std::string msg) { return HalResult(std::move(msg)); }
-    static HalResult<void> unsupported() { return HalResult(/* unsupported= */ true); }
-
-    static HalResult<void> fromStatus(const binder::Status& status) {
-        if (status.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
-            return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
-        }
-        if (status.isOk()) {
-            return HalResult<void>::ok();
-        }
-        return HalResult<void>::failed(std::string(status.toString8().c_str()));
-    }
-
-    static HalResult<void> fromStatus(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& status) {
-        if (status.getExceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
-            return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
-        }
-        if (status.isOk()) {
-            return HalResult<void>::ok();
-        }
-        return HalResult<void>::failed(std::string(status.getDescription()));
-    }
-
-    template <typename R>
-    static HalResult<void> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret) {
-        return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<void>::ok() : HalResult<void>::failed(ret.description());
-    }
-
-    bool isOk() const { return !mUnsupported && !mFailed; }
-    bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && mFailed; }
-    bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
-    const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
-
-private:
-    std::string mErrorMessage;
-    bool mFailed;
-    bool mUnsupported;
-
-    explicit HalResult(bool unsupported = false)
-          : mErrorMessage(), mFailed(false), mUnsupported(unsupported) {}
-    explicit HalResult(std::string errorMessage)
-          : mErrorMessage(std::move(errorMessage)), mFailed(true), mUnsupported(false) {}
-};
-
 // Wrapper for Power HAL handlers.
 class HalWrapper {
 public:
@@ -177,14 +52,13 @@
     virtual HalResult<void> setBoost(aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost boost,
                                      int32_t durationMs) = 0;
     virtual HalResult<void> setMode(aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) = 0;
-    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-    createHintSession(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                      int64_t durationNanos) = 0;
-    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-    createHintSessionWithConfig(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                                int64_t durationNanos,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) = 0;
+    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSession(
+            int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
+            int64_t durationNanos) = 0;
+    virtual HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSessionWithConfig(
+            int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) = 0;
     virtual HalResult<int64_t> getHintSessionPreferredRate() = 0;
     virtual HalResult<aidl::android::hardware::power::ChannelConfig> getSessionChannel(int tgid,
                                                                                        int uid) = 0;
@@ -200,14 +74,13 @@
     HalResult<void> setBoost(aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost boost,
                              int32_t durationMs) override;
     HalResult<void> setMode(aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) override;
-    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>> createHintSession(
+    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSession(
             int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
             int64_t durationNanos) override;
-    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-    createHintSessionWithConfig(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                                int64_t durationNanos,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) override;
+    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSessionWithConfig(
+            int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) override;
     HalResult<int64_t> getHintSessionPreferredRate() override;
     HalResult<aidl::android::hardware::power::ChannelConfig> getSessionChannel(int tgid,
                                                                                int uid) override;
@@ -285,14 +158,13 @@
     HalResult<void> setBoost(aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost boost,
                              int32_t durationMs) override;
     HalResult<void> setMode(aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) override;
-    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>> createHintSession(
+    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSession(
             int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
             int64_t durationNanos) override;
-    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-    createHintSessionWithConfig(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                                int64_t durationNanos,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
-                                aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) override;
+    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> createHintSessionWithConfig(
+            int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
+            aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) override;
 
     HalResult<int64_t> getHintSessionPreferredRate() override;
     HalResult<aidl::android::hardware::power::ChannelConfig> getSessionChannel(int tgid,
@@ -307,14 +179,12 @@
     std::mutex mBoostMutex;
     std::mutex mModeMutex;
     std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPower> mHandle;
-    // Android framework only sends boost upto DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT.
-    // Need to increase the array size if more boost supported.
-    std::array<
-            std::atomic<HalSupport>,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT) +
-                    1>
+    std::array<HalSupport,
+               static_cast<int32_t>(
+                       *(ndk::enum_range<aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost>().end() - 1)) +
+                       1>
             mBoostSupportedArray GUARDED_BY(mBoostMutex) = {HalSupport::UNKNOWN};
-    std::array<std::atomic<HalSupport>,
+    std::array<HalSupport,
                static_cast<int32_t>(
                        *(ndk::enum_range<aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode>().end() - 1)) +
                        1>
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba6fe77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/ChannelConfig.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/IPowerHintSession.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/SessionConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include "HalResult.h"
+
+namespace android::power {
+
+// Wrapper for power hint sessions, which allows for better mocking,
+// support checking, and failure handling than using hint sessions directly
+class PowerHintSessionWrapper {
+public:
+    virtual ~PowerHintSessionWrapper() = default;
+    PowerHintSessionWrapper(
+            std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>&& session);
+    virtual HalResult<void> updateTargetWorkDuration(int64_t in_targetDurationNanos);
+    virtual HalResult<void> reportActualWorkDuration(
+            const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::power::WorkDuration>& in_durations);
+    virtual HalResult<void> pause();
+    virtual HalResult<void> resume();
+    virtual HalResult<void> close();
+    virtual HalResult<void> sendHint(::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint in_hint);
+    virtual HalResult<void> setThreads(const std::vector<int32_t>& in_threadIds);
+    virtual HalResult<void> setMode(::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionMode in_type,
+                                    bool in_enabled);
+    virtual HalResult<aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig> getSessionConfig();
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession> mSession;
+    int32_t mInterfaceVersion;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::power
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/binder/Android.bp b/libs/binder/Android.bp
index 84ff9d7..ca9b08f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/Android.bp
@@ -159,6 +159,11 @@
                 "UtilsHost.cpp",
             ],
         },
+        android: {
+            lto: {
+                 thin: true,
+            },
+        },
     },
 
     aidl: {
@@ -219,9 +224,6 @@
         "-performance-move-const-arg", // b/273486801
         "portability*",
     ],
-    lto: {
-        thin: true,
-    },
 }
 
 cc_library_headers {
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index c1770b3..1ffdad5 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 
     if (const auto* rpcFields = maybeRpcFields()) {
         if (binder) {
-            status_t status = writeInt32(1); // non-null
+            status_t status = writeInt32(RpcFields::TYPE_BINDER); // non-null
             if (status != OK) return status;
             uint64_t address;
             // TODO(b/167966510): need to undo this if the Parcel is not sent
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
             status = writeUint64(address);
             if (status != OK) return status;
         } else {
-            status_t status = writeInt32(0); // null
+            status_t status = writeInt32(RpcFields::TYPE_BINDER_NULL); // null
             if (status != OK) return status;
         }
         return finishFlattenBinder(binder);
@@ -740,6 +740,12 @@
     return kernelFields->mHasFds;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::hasBinders(bool* result) const {
+    status_t status = hasBindersInRange(0, dataSize(), result);
+    ALOGE_IF(status != NO_ERROR, "Error %d calling hasBindersInRange()", status);
+    return status;
+}
+
 std::vector<sp<IBinder>> Parcel::debugReadAllStrongBinders() const {
     std::vector<sp<IBinder>> ret;
 
@@ -799,6 +805,46 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::hasBindersInRange(size_t offset, size_t len, bool* result) const {
+    if (len > INT32_MAX || offset > INT32_MAX) {
+        // Don't accept size_t values which may have come from an inadvertent conversion from a
+        // negative int.
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    size_t limit;
+    if (__builtin_add_overflow(offset, len, &limit) || limit > mDataSize) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    *result = false;
+    if (const auto* kernelFields = maybeKernelFields()) {
+#ifdef BINDER_WITH_KERNEL_IPC
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kernelFields->mObjectsSize; i++) {
+            size_t pos = kernelFields->mObjects[i];
+            if (pos < offset) continue;
+            if (pos + sizeof(flat_binder_object) > offset + len) {
+                if (kernelFields->mObjectsSorted) {
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            const flat_binder_object* flat =
+                    reinterpret_cast<const flat_binder_object*>(mData + pos);
+            if (flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER || flat->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE) {
+                *result = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Binder kernel driver disabled at build time");
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+#endif // BINDER_WITH_KERNEL_IPC
+    } else if (const auto* rpcFields = maybeRpcFields()) {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::hasFileDescriptorsInRange(size_t offset, size_t len, bool* result) const {
     if (len > INT32_MAX || offset > INT32_MAX) {
         // Don't accept size_t values which may have come from an inadvertent conversion from a
@@ -2930,14 +2976,15 @@
         return continueWrite(desired);
     }
 
+    releaseObjects();
+
     uint8_t* data = reallocZeroFree(mData, mDataCapacity, desired, mDeallocZero);
     if (!data && desired > mDataCapacity) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("out of memory");
         mError = NO_MEMORY;
         return NO_MEMORY;
     }
 
-    releaseObjects();
-
     if (data || desired == 0) {
         LOG_ALLOC("Parcel %p: restart from %zu to %zu capacity", this, mDataCapacity, desired);
         if (mDataCapacity > desired) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
index d7096d8..5e18b91 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
@@ -101,7 +101,9 @@
     void                restoreAllowFds(bool lastValue);
 
     bool                hasFileDescriptors() const;
+    status_t hasBinders(bool* result) const;
     status_t hasFileDescriptorsInRange(size_t offset, size_t length, bool* result) const;
+    status_t hasBindersInRange(size_t offset, size_t length, bool* result) const;
 
     // returns all binder objects in the Parcel
     std::vector<sp<IBinder>> debugReadAllStrongBinders() const;
@@ -647,6 +649,8 @@
     void                freeDataNoInit();
     void                initState();
     void                scanForFds() const;
+    status_t scanForBinders(bool* result) const;
+
     status_t            validateReadData(size_t len) const;
 
     void                updateWorkSourceRequestHeaderPosition() const;
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp b/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
index ccf3ce8..30dbddd 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/Android.bp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
     llndk: {
         symbol_file: "libbinder_ndk.map.txt",
+        export_llndk_headers: ["libvendorsupport_llndk_headers"],
     },
 
     export_include_dirs: [
@@ -79,9 +80,11 @@
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
+        "libvendorsupport_llndk_headers",
         "jni_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libvendorsupport_llndk_headers",
         "jni_headers",
     ],
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h
index 864ff50..3aacbe9 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::os {
 
+#if defined(__ANDROID_VENDOR__)
+#define AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 constexpr(__ANDROID_VENDOR_API__ >= 202404)
+#else
+// TODO(b/322384429) switch this to __ANDROID_API_V__ when V is finalized
+#define AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, *))
+#endif
+
 /**
  * Wrapper class that enables interop with AIDL NDK generation
  * Takes ownership of the APersistableBundle* given to it in reset() and will automatically
@@ -32,7 +39,7 @@
 class PersistableBundle {
    public:
     PersistableBundle() noexcept {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             mPBundle = APersistableBundle_new();
         }
     }
@@ -42,13 +49,13 @@
     PersistableBundle(PersistableBundle&& other) noexcept : mPBundle(other.release()) {}
     // duplicates, does not take ownership of the APersistableBundle*
     PersistableBundle(const PersistableBundle& other) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             mPBundle = APersistableBundle_dup(other.mPBundle);
         }
     }
     // duplicates, does not take ownership of the APersistableBundle*
     PersistableBundle& operator=(const PersistableBundle& other) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             mPBundle = APersistableBundle_dup(other.mPBundle);
         }
         return *this;
@@ -58,7 +65,7 @@
 
     binder_status_t readFromParcel(const AParcel* _Nonnull parcel) {
         reset();
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_readFromParcel(parcel, &mPBundle);
         } else {
             return STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@
         if (!mPBundle) {
             return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_writeToParcel(mPBundle, parcel);
         } else {
             return STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -84,7 +91,7 @@
      */
     void reset(APersistableBundle* _Nullable pBundle = nullptr) noexcept {
         if (mPBundle) {
-            if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+            if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
                 APersistableBundle_delete(mPBundle);
             }
             mPBundle = nullptr;
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@
      * what should be used to check for equality.
      */
     bool deepEquals(const PersistableBundle& rhs) const {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_isEqual(get(), rhs.get());
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -136,7 +143,7 @@
     inline std::string toString() const {
         if (!mPBundle) {
             return "<PersistableBundle: null>";
-        } else if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        } else if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             std::ostringstream os;
             os << "<PersistableBundle: ";
             os << "size: " << std::to_string(APersistableBundle_size(mPBundle));
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@
     }
 
     int32_t size() const {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_size(mPBundle);
         } else {
             return 0;
@@ -155,7 +162,7 @@
     }
 
     int32_t erase(const std::string& key) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_erase(mPBundle, key.c_str());
         } else {
             return 0;
@@ -163,37 +170,37 @@
     }
 
     void putBoolean(const std::string& key, bool val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putBoolean(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putInt(const std::string& key, int32_t val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putInt(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putLong(const std::string& key, int64_t val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putLong(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putDouble(const std::string& key, double val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putDouble(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         }
     }
 
     void putString(const std::string& key, const std::string& val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putString(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val.c_str());
         }
     }
 
     void putBooleanVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<bool>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             // std::vector<bool> has no ::data().
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
@@ -210,7 +217,7 @@
     }
 
     void putIntVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<int32_t>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 APersistableBundle_putIntVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), vec.data(), num);
@@ -218,7 +225,7 @@
         }
     }
     void putLongVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<int64_t>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 APersistableBundle_putLongVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), vec.data(), num);
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@
         }
     }
     void putDoubleVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<double>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 APersistableBundle_putDoubleVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), vec.data(), num);
@@ -234,7 +241,7 @@
         }
     }
     void putStringVector(const std::string& key, const std::vector<std::string>& vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t num = vec.size();
             if (num > 0) {
                 char** inVec = (char**)malloc(num * sizeof(char*));
@@ -249,13 +256,13 @@
         }
     }
     void putPersistableBundle(const std::string& key, const PersistableBundle& pBundle) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle_putPersistableBundle(mPBundle, key.c_str(), pBundle.mPBundle);
         }
     }
 
     bool getBoolean(const std::string& key, bool* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getBoolean(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -263,7 +270,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getInt(const std::string& key, int32_t* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getInt(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -271,7 +278,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getLong(const std::string& key, int64_t* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getLong(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -279,7 +286,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getDouble(const std::string& key, double* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return APersistableBundle_getDouble(mPBundle, key.c_str(), val);
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -291,7 +298,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getString(const std::string& key, std::string* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             char* outString = nullptr;
             bool ret = APersistableBundle_getString(mPBundle, key.c_str(), &outString,
                                                     &stringAllocator, nullptr);
@@ -309,7 +316,7 @@
                                                    const char* _Nonnull, T* _Nullable, int32_t),
                         const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
                         std::vector<T>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t bytes = 0;
             // call first with nullptr to get required size in bytes
             bytes = getVec(pBundle, key, nullptr, 0);
@@ -331,28 +338,28 @@
     }
 
     bool getBooleanVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<bool>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<bool>(&APersistableBundle_getBooleanVector, mPBundle, key.c_str(),
                                         vec);
         }
         return false;
     }
     bool getIntVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<int32_t>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<int32_t>(&APersistableBundle_getIntVector, mPBundle, key.c_str(),
                                            vec);
         }
         return false;
     }
     bool getLongVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<int64_t>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<int64_t>(&APersistableBundle_getLongVector, mPBundle, key.c_str(),
                                            vec);
         }
         return false;
     }
     bool getDoubleVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<double>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getVecInternal<double>(&APersistableBundle_getDoubleVector, mPBundle,
                                           key.c_str(), vec);
         }
@@ -377,7 +384,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getStringVector(const std::string& key, std::vector<std::string>* _Nonnull vec) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             int32_t bytes = APersistableBundle_getStringVector(mPBundle, key.c_str(), nullptr, 0,
                                                                &stringAllocator, nullptr);
             if (bytes > 0) {
@@ -394,7 +401,7 @@
     }
 
     bool getPersistableBundle(const std::string& key, PersistableBundle* _Nonnull val) {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             APersistableBundle* bundle = nullptr;
             bool ret = APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundle(mPBundle, key.c_str(), &bundle);
             if (ret) {
@@ -426,77 +433,77 @@
     }
 
     std::set<std::string> getBooleanKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getBooleanKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getIntKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getIntKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getLongKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getLongKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getDoubleKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getDoubleKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getStringKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getStringKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getBooleanVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getBooleanVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getIntVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getIntVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getLongVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getLongVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getDoubleVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getDoubleVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getStringVectorKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getStringVectorKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
         }
     }
     std::set<std::string> getPersistableBundleKeys() {
-        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_V__, *)) {
+        if AT_LEAST_V_OR_202404 {
             return getKeys(&APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundleKeys, mPBundle);
         } else {
             return {};
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h
index 98c0cb2..1247e8e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/persistable_bundle.h
@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android/binder_parcel.h>
+#if defined(__ANDROID_VENDOR__)
+#include <android/llndk-versioning.h>
+#else
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(x)
+#endif
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
@@ -67,25 +72,26 @@
 /**
  * Create a new APersistableBundle.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \return Pointer to a new APersistableBundle
  */
-APersistableBundle* _Nullable APersistableBundle_new() __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+APersistableBundle* _Nullable APersistableBundle_new() __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Create a new APersistableBundle based off an existing APersistableBundle.
  * This is a deep copy, so the new APersistableBundle has its own values from
  * copying the original underlying PersistableBundle.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to duplicate
  *
  * \return Pointer to a new APersistableBundle
  */
 APersistableBundle* _Nullable APersistableBundle_dup(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Delete an APersistableBundle. This must always be called when finished using
@@ -93,15 +99,15 @@
  *
  * \param pBundle to delete. No-op if null.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_delete(APersistableBundle* _Nullable pBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Check for equality of APersistableBundles.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param lhs bundle to compare against the other param
  * \param rhs bundle to compare against the other param
@@ -110,12 +116,12 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_isEqual(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull lhs,
                                 const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull rhs)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Read an APersistableBundle from an AParcel.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param parcel to read from
  * \param outPBundle bundle to write to
@@ -129,12 +135,12 @@
  */
 binder_status_t APersistableBundle_readFromParcel(
         const AParcel* _Nonnull parcel, APersistableBundle* _Nullable* _Nonnull outPBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Write an APersistableBundle to an AParcel.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle bundle to write to the parcel
  * \param parcel to write to
@@ -149,25 +155,25 @@
  */
 binder_status_t APersistableBundle_writeToParcel(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                                  AParcel* _Nonnull parcel)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get the size of an APersistableBundle. This is the number of mappings in the
  * object.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to get the size of (number of mappings)
  *
  * \return number of mappings in the object
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_size(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Erase any entries added with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8 to erase
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@
  * \return number of entries erased. Either 0 or 1.
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_erase(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a boolean associated with the provided key.
@@ -185,10 +191,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putBoolean(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                   bool val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                   bool val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int32_t associated with the provided key.
@@ -198,10 +205,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putInt(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                               int32_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                               int32_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int64_t associated with the provided key.
@@ -211,10 +219,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putLong(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                int64_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                int64_t val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a double associated with the provided key.
@@ -224,10 +233,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putDouble(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                  double val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                  double val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a string associated with the provided key.
@@ -238,10 +248,11 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putString(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                                  const char* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                  const char* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a boolean vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -253,11 +264,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putBooleanVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                          const char* _Nonnull key, const bool* _Nonnull vec,
-                                         int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int32_t vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -269,11 +281,11 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putIntVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
                                      const int32_t* _Nonnull vec, int32_t num)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an int64_t vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -285,11 +297,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putLongVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                       const char* _Nonnull key, const int64_t* _Nonnull vec,
-                                      int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                      int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a double vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -301,11 +314,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putDoubleVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                         const char* _Nonnull key, const double* _Nonnull vec,
-                                        int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                        int32_t num) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put a string vector associated with the provided key.
@@ -317,12 +331,12 @@
  * \param vec vector to put for the mapping
  * \param num number of elements in the vector
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putStringVector(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                         const char* _Nonnull key,
                                         const char* _Nullable const* _Nullable vec, int32_t num)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Put an APersistableBundle associated with the provided key.
@@ -333,17 +347,17 @@
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
  * \param val value to put for the mapping
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  */
 void APersistableBundle_putPersistableBundle(APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                              const char* _Nonnull key,
                                              const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a boolean associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -353,12 +367,12 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getBoolean(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                    const char* _Nonnull key, bool* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int32_t associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -367,12 +381,13 @@
  * \return true if a value exists for the provided key
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getInt(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, const char* _Nonnull key,
-                               int32_t* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                               int32_t* _Nonnull val) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int64_t associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -382,12 +397,12 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getLong(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                 const char* _Nonnull key, int64_t* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a double associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -397,13 +412,13 @@
  */
 bool APersistableBundle_getDouble(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                   const char* _Nonnull key, double* _Nonnull val)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a string associated with the provided key.
  * The caller is responsible for freeing the returned data.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -418,7 +433,8 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getString(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                      const char* _Nonnull key, char* _Nullable* _Nonnull val,
                                      APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                     void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                     void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a boolean vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -445,7 +461,7 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getBooleanVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                             const char* _Nonnull key, bool* _Nullable buffer,
                                             int32_t bufferSizeBytes)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int32_t vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -471,7 +487,8 @@
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getIntVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                         const char* _Nonnull key, int32_t* _Nullable buffer,
-                                        int32_t bufferSizeBytes) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                        int32_t bufferSizeBytes) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an int64_t vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -497,8 +514,8 @@
  */
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getLongVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                          const char* _Nonnull key, int64_t* _Nullable buffer,
-                                         int32_t bufferSizeBytes)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         int32_t bufferSizeBytes) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a double vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -525,7 +542,7 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getDoubleVector(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                            const char* _Nonnull key, double* _Nullable buffer,
                                            int32_t bufferSizeBytes)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get a string vector associated with the provided key and place it in the
@@ -562,12 +579,12 @@
                                            int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                            APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                            void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get an APersistableBundle* associated with the provided key.
  *
- * Available since API level __ANDROID_API_V__.
+ * Available since API level 202404.
  *
  * \param pBundle to operate on
  * \param key for the mapping in UTF-8
@@ -581,7 +598,7 @@
 bool APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundle(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                              const char* _Nonnull key,
                                              APersistableBundle* _Nullable* _Nonnull outBundle)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -614,7 +631,7 @@
                                           int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                           APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                           void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -645,7 +662,8 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getIntKeys(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                       char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys, int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                       APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                      void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                      void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -676,7 +694,8 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getLongKeys(const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle,
                                        char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys, int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                        APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                       void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                       void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -708,8 +727,8 @@
                                          char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys,
                                          int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                          APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                         void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -741,8 +760,8 @@
                                          char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys,
                                          int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                          APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-                                         void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+                                         void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -775,7 +794,7 @@
                                                 int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                                 APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                                 void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -808,7 +827,7 @@
                                             int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                             APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                             void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -841,7 +860,7 @@
                                              int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                              APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                              void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -873,7 +892,7 @@
                                                int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                                APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                                void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -906,7 +925,7 @@
                                                int32_t bufferSizeBytes,
                                                APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
                                                void* _Nullable context)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 /**
  * Get all of the keys associated with this specific type and place it in the
@@ -937,6 +956,6 @@
 int32_t APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundleKeys(
         const APersistableBundle* _Nonnull pBundle, char* _Nullable* _Nullable outKeys,
         int32_t bufferSizeBytes, APersistableBundle_stringAllocator stringAllocator,
-        void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__);
+        void* _Nullable context) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_V__) __INTRODUCED_IN_LLNDK(202404);
 
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt b/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
index de624e4..826e199 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
@@ -164,47 +164,88 @@
 LIBBINDER_NDK35 { # introduced=VanillaIceCream
   global:
     APersistableBundle_readFromParcel;
+    APersistableBundle_readFromParcel; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_writeToParcel;
+    APersistableBundle_writeToParcel; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_new;
+    APersistableBundle_new; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_dup;
+    APersistableBundle_dup; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_delete;
+    APersistableBundle_delete; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_isEqual;
+    APersistableBundle_isEqual; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_size;
+    APersistableBundle_size; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_erase;
+    APersistableBundle_erase; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putBoolean;
+    APersistableBundle_putBoolean; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putInt;
+    APersistableBundle_putInt; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putLong;
+    APersistableBundle_putLong; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putDouble;
+    APersistableBundle_putDouble; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putString;
+    APersistableBundle_putString; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putBooleanVector;
+    APersistableBundle_putBooleanVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putIntVector;
+    APersistableBundle_putIntVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putLongVector;
+    APersistableBundle_putLongVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putDoubleVector;
+    APersistableBundle_putDoubleVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putStringVector;
+    APersistableBundle_putStringVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_putPersistableBundle;
+    APersistableBundle_putPersistableBundle; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getBoolean;
+    APersistableBundle_getBoolean; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getInt;
+    APersistableBundle_getInt; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getLong;
+    APersistableBundle_getLong; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getDouble;
+    APersistableBundle_getDouble; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getString;
+    APersistableBundle_getString; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getBooleanVector;
+    APersistableBundle_getBooleanVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getIntVector;
+    APersistableBundle_getIntVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getLongVector;
+    APersistableBundle_getLongVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getDoubleVector;
+    APersistableBundle_getDoubleVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getStringVector;
+    APersistableBundle_getStringVector; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundle;
+    APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundle; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getBooleanKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getBooleanKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getIntKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getIntKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getLongKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getLongKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getDoubleKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getDoubleKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getStringKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getStringKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getBooleanVectorKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getBooleanVectorKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getIntVectorKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getIntVectorKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getLongVectorKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getLongVectorKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getDoubleVectorKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getDoubleVectorKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getStringVectorKeys;
+    APersistableBundle_getStringVectorKeys; # llndk=202404
     APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundleKeys;
-    AServiceManager_openDeclaredPassthroughHal; # systemapi llndk
+    APersistableBundle_getPersistableBundleKeys; # llndk=202404
+    AServiceManager_openDeclaredPassthroughHal; # systemapi llndk=202404
 };
 
 LIBBINDER_NDK_PLATFORM {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderParcelUnitTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderParcelUnitTest.cpp
index 34fc43f..32a70e5 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderParcelUnitTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderParcelUnitTest.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 using android::BBinder;
 using android::IBinder;
 using android::IPCThreadState;
+using android::NO_ERROR;
 using android::OK;
 using android::Parcel;
 using android::sp;
@@ -164,6 +165,45 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, p2.readInt32());
 }
 
+TEST(Parcel, HasBinders) {
+    sp<IBinder> b1 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+
+    Parcel p1;
+    p1.writeInt32(1);
+    p1.writeStrongBinder(b1);
+
+    bool result = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, p1.hasBinders(&result));
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+
+    p1.setDataSize(0); // clear data
+    result = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, p1.hasBinders(&result));
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, result);
+    p1.writeStrongBinder(b1); // reset with binder data
+    result = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, p1.hasBinders(&result));
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+
+    Parcel p3;
+    p3.appendFrom(&p1, 0, p1.dataSize());
+    result = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, p1.hasBinders(&result));
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+}
+
+TEST(Parcel, HasBindersInRange) {
+    sp<IBinder> b1 = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    Parcel p1;
+    p1.writeStrongBinder(b1);
+    bool result = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, p1.hasBindersInRange(0, p1.dataSize(), &result));
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+    result = false;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, p1.hasBinders(&result));
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+}
+
 TEST(Parcel, AppendWithBinder) {
     sp<IBinder> b1 = sp<BBinder>::make();
     sp<IBinder> b2 = sp<BBinder>::make();
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp
index 08fe071..e378b86 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/binder.cpp
@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@
         p.setDataPosition(pos);
         FUZZ_LOG() << "setDataPosition done";
     },
+    [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, FuzzedDataProvider& provider) {
+        size_t len = provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, 1024);
+        std::vector<uint8_t> bytes = provider.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(len);
+        FUZZ_LOG() << "about to setData: " <<(bytes.data() ? HexString(bytes.data(), bytes.size()) : "null");
+        // TODO: allow all read and write operations
+        (*const_cast<::android::Parcel*>(&p)).setData(bytes.data(), bytes.size());
+        FUZZ_LOG() << "setData done";
+    },
     PARCEL_READ_NO_STATUS(size_t, allowFds),
     PARCEL_READ_NO_STATUS(size_t, hasFileDescriptors),
     PARCEL_READ_NO_STATUS(std::vector<android::sp<android::IBinder>>, debugReadAllStrongBinders),
@@ -353,6 +361,20 @@
         FUZZ_LOG() << " status: " << status  << " result: " << result;
     },
     [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, FuzzedDataProvider& /*provider*/) {
+        FUZZ_LOG() << "about to call hasBinders() with status";
+        bool result;
+        status_t status = p.hasBinders(&result);
+        FUZZ_LOG() << " status: " << status  << " result: " << result;
+    },
+    [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, FuzzedDataProvider& /*provider*/) {
+        FUZZ_LOG() << "about to call hasBindersInRange() with status";
+        size_t offset = p.readUint32();
+        size_t length = p.readUint32();
+        bool result;
+        status_t status = p.hasBindersInRange(offset, length, &result);
+        FUZZ_LOG() << " status: " << status  << " result: " << result;
+    },
+    [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, FuzzedDataProvider& /*provider*/) {
         FUZZ_LOG() << "about to call compareDataInRange() with status";
         size_t thisOffset = p.readUint32();
         size_t otherOffset = p.readUint32();
diff --git a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
index 4518b67..0c8f3fa 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@
 void Choreographer::postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
                                              AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
                                              AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback, void* data,
-                                             nsecs_t delay) {
+                                             nsecs_t delay, CallbackType callbackType) {
     nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-    FrameCallback callback{cb, cb64, vsyncCallback, data, now + delay};
+    FrameCallback callback{cb, cb64, vsyncCallback, data, now + delay, callbackType};
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
         mFrameCallbacks.push(callback);
@@ -285,18 +285,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Choreographer::dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId, uint32_t,
-                                  VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) {
-    std::vector<FrameCallback> callbacks{};
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-        nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-        while (!mFrameCallbacks.empty() && mFrameCallbacks.top().dueTime < now) {
-            callbacks.push_back(mFrameCallbacks.top());
-            mFrameCallbacks.pop();
-        }
-    }
-    mLastVsyncEventData = vsyncEventData;
+void Choreographer::dispatchCallbacks(const std::vector<FrameCallback>& callbacks,
+                                      VsyncEventData vsyncEventData, nsecs_t timestamp) {
     for (const auto& cb : callbacks) {
         if (cb.vsyncCallback != nullptr) {
             ATRACE_FORMAT("AChoreographer_vsyncCallback %" PRId64,
@@ -319,6 +309,34 @@
     }
 }
 
+void Choreographer::dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId, uint32_t,
+                                  VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) {
+    std::vector<FrameCallback> animationCallbacks{};
+    std::vector<FrameCallback> inputCallbacks{};
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+        nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+        while (!mFrameCallbacks.empty() && mFrameCallbacks.top().dueTime < now) {
+            if (mFrameCallbacks.top().callbackType == CALLBACK_INPUT) {
+                inputCallbacks.push_back(mFrameCallbacks.top());
+            } else {
+                animationCallbacks.push_back(mFrameCallbacks.top());
+            }
+            mFrameCallbacks.pop();
+        }
+    }
+    mLastVsyncEventData = vsyncEventData;
+    // Callbacks with type CALLBACK_INPUT should always run first
+    {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("CALLBACK_INPUT");
+        dispatchCallbacks(inputCallbacks, vsyncEventData, timestamp);
+    }
+    {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("CALLBACK_ANIMATION");
+        dispatchCallbacks(animationCallbacks, vsyncEventData, timestamp);
+    }
+}
+
 void Choreographer::dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) {
     ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug event (displayId=%s, connected=%s), ignoring.", this,
           to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
@@ -407,4 +425,8 @@
     return iter->second;
 }
 
+const sp<Looper> Choreographer::getLooper() {
+    return mLooper;
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
index 55a7aa7..2e5aa4a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
@@ -28,12 +28,18 @@
 namespace android {
 using gui::VsyncEventData;
 
+enum CallbackType : int8_t {
+    CALLBACK_INPUT,
+    CALLBACK_ANIMATION,
+};
+
 struct FrameCallback {
     AChoreographer_frameCallback callback;
     AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback64;
     AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback;
     void* data;
     nsecs_t dueTime;
+    CallbackType callbackType;
 
     inline bool operator<(const FrameCallback& rhs) const {
         // Note that this is intentionally flipped because we want callbacks due sooner to be at
@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@
     void postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
                                   AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
                                   AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback, void* data,
-                                  nsecs_t delay);
+                                  nsecs_t delay, CallbackType callbackType);
     void registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data)
             EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
     void unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data);
@@ -103,12 +109,15 @@
     virtual ~Choreographer() override EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
     int64_t getFrameInterval() const;
     bool inCallback() const;
+    const sp<Looper> getLooper();
 
 private:
     Choreographer(const Choreographer&) = delete;
 
     void dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, uint32_t count,
                        VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) override;
+    void dispatchCallbacks(const std::vector<FrameCallback>&, VsyncEventData vsyncEventData,
+                           nsecs_t timestamp);
     void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
     void dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) override;
     void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/InputTransferToken.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/InputTransferToken.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6530b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/InputTransferToken.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <binder/Binder.h>
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <private/gui/ParcelUtils.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+
+namespace android {
+struct InputTransferToken : public RefBase, Parcelable {
+public:
+    InputTransferToken() { mToken = new BBinder(); }
+
+    InputTransferToken(const sp<IBinder>& token) { mToken = token; }
+
+    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeStrongBinder, mToken);
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readStrongBinder, &mToken);
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    };
+
+    sp<IBinder> mToken;
+};
+
+static inline bool operator==(const sp<InputTransferToken>& token1,
+                              const sp<InputTransferToken>& token2) {
+    if (token1.get() == token2.get()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return token1->mToken == token2->mToken;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp b/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp
index e606b99..0f16f71 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
         "BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp",
         "BufferItemConsumer_test.cpp",
         "BufferQueue_test.cpp",
+        "Choreographer_test.cpp",
         "CompositorTiming_test.cpp",
         "CpuConsumer_test.cpp",
         "EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp",
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@
         "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
         "libGLESv1_CM",
         "libinput",
+        "libnativedisplay",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Choreographer_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Choreographer_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ac2550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Choreographer_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "Choreographer_test"
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android/choreographer.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/Choreographer.h>
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <future>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android {
+class ChoreographerTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+struct VsyncCallback {
+    std::atomic<bool> completePromise{false};
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds frameTime{0LL};
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds receivedCallbackTime{0LL};
+
+    void onVsyncCallback(const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* callbackData) {
+        frameTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds{
+                AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimeNanos(callbackData)};
+        receivedCallbackTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds{systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)};
+        completePromise.store(true);
+    }
+
+    bool callbackReceived() { return completePromise.load(); }
+};
+
+static void vsyncCallback(const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* callbackData, void* data) {
+    VsyncCallback* cb = static_cast<VsyncCallback*>(data);
+    cb->onVsyncCallback(callbackData);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ChoreographerTest, InputCallbackBeforeAnimation) {
+    sp<Looper> looper = Looper::prepare(0);
+    Choreographer* choreographer = Choreographer::getForThread();
+    VsyncCallback animationCb;
+    VsyncCallback inputCb;
+
+    choreographer->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, nullptr, vsyncCallback, &animationCb, 0,
+                                            CALLBACK_ANIMATION);
+    choreographer->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, nullptr, vsyncCallback, &inputCb, 0,
+                                            CALLBACK_INPUT);
+
+    nsecs_t startTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    nsecs_t currTime;
+    int pollResult;
+    do {
+        pollResult = looper->pollOnce(16);
+        currTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    } while (!(inputCb.callbackReceived() && animationCb.callbackReceived()) &&
+             (pollResult != Looper::POLL_TIMEOUT && pollResult != Looper::POLL_ERROR) &&
+             (currTime - startTime < 3000));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(inputCb.callbackReceived()) << "did not receive input callback";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(animationCb.callbackReceived()) << "did not receive animation callback";
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(inputCb.frameTime, animationCb.frameTime)
+            << android::base::StringPrintf("input and animation callback frame times don't match. "
+                                           "inputFrameTime=%lld  animationFrameTime=%lld",
+                                           inputCb.frameTime.count(),
+                                           animationCb.frameTime.count());
+
+    ASSERT_LT(inputCb.receivedCallbackTime, animationCb.receivedCallbackTime)
+            << android::base::StringPrintf("input callback was not called first. "
+                                           "inputCallbackTime=%lld  animationCallbackTime=%lld",
+                                           inputCb.frameTime.count(),
+                                           animationCb.frameTime.count());
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index a9d6e8d..9791212 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <android/os/IInputFlinger.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumer.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 
 #include <ui/DisplayMode.h>
diff --git a/libs/input/Android.bp b/libs/input/Android.bp
index 8b69339..3278c23 100644
--- a/libs/input/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/Android.bp
@@ -135,6 +135,29 @@
     ],
 }
 
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "iinputflinger_aidl_lib_static",
+    host_supported: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl",
+        "android/os/InputChannelCore.aidl",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "libgui_window_info_static",
+    ],
+    aidl: {
+        export_aidl_headers: true,
+        local_include_dirs: ["."],
+        include_dirs: [
+            "frameworks/native/libs/gui",
+            "frameworks/native/libs/input",
+        ],
+    },
+}
+
 // Contains methods to help access C++ code from rust
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libinput_from_rust_to_cpp",
@@ -154,6 +177,10 @@
     ],
     generated_sources: ["libinput_cxx_bridge_code"],
 
+    lto: {
+        never: true,
+    },
+
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
     ],
@@ -175,10 +202,10 @@
         "-DANDROID_UTILS_REF_BASE_DISABLE_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTION",
     ],
     srcs: [
-        "android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl",
-        "android/os/InputChannelCore.aidl",
         "AccelerationCurve.cpp",
         "Input.cpp",
+        "InputConsumer.cpp",
+        "InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp",
         "InputDevice.cpp",
         "InputEventLabels.cpp",
         "InputTransport.cpp",
@@ -239,7 +266,6 @@
 
     static_libs: [
         "inputconstants-cpp",
-        "libgui_window_info_static",
         "libui-types",
         "libtflite_static",
         "libkernelconfigs",
@@ -248,10 +274,10 @@
     whole_static_libs: [
         "com.android.input.flags-aconfig-cc",
         "libinput_rust_ffi",
+        "iinputflinger_aidl_lib_static",
     ],
 
     export_static_lib_headers: [
-        "libgui_window_info_static",
         "libui-types",
     ],
 
@@ -285,14 +311,6 @@
             ],
         },
     },
-
-    aidl: {
-        local_include_dirs: ["."],
-        export_aidl_headers: true,
-        include_dirs: [
-            "frameworks/native/libs/gui",
-        ],
-    },
 }
 
 // Use bootstrap version of stats logging library.
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index 9e0ce1d..61a964e 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,45 @@
     return !isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
 }
 
+int32_t resolveActionForSplitMotionEvent(
+        int32_t action, int32_t flags, const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointerProperties,
+        const std::vector<PointerProperties>& splitPointerProperties) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(splitPointerProperties.empty());
+    const auto maskedAction = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(action);
+    if (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN &&
+        maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
+        // The action is unaffected by splitting this motion event.
+        return action;
+    }
+    const auto actionIndex = MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(actionIndex >= pointerProperties.size())) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Action index is out of bounds, index: " << actionIndex;
+    }
+
+    const auto affectedPointerId = pointerProperties[actionIndex].id;
+    std::optional<uint32_t> splitActionIndex;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < splitPointerProperties.size(); i++) {
+        if (affectedPointerId == splitPointerProperties[i].id) {
+            splitActionIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!splitActionIndex.has_value()) {
+        // The affected pointer is not part of the split motion event.
+        return AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
+    }
+
+    if (splitPointerProperties.size() > 1) {
+        return maskedAction | (*splitActionIndex << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
+        return ((flags & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) != 0) ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL
+                                                            : AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP;
+    }
+    return AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 const char* motionClassificationToString(MotionClassification classification) {
@@ -584,6 +623,28 @@
     }
 }
 
+void MotionEvent::splitFrom(const android::MotionEvent& other,
+                            std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitPointerIds, int32_t newEventId) {
+    // TODO(b/327503168): The down time should be a parameter to the split function, because only
+    //   the caller can know when the first event went down on the target.
+    const nsecs_t splitDownTime = other.mDownTime;
+
+    auto [action, pointerProperties, pointerCoords] =
+            split(other.getAction(), other.getFlags(), other.getHistorySize(),
+                  other.mPointerProperties, other.mSamplePointerCoords, splitPointerIds);
+
+    // Initialize the event with zero pointers, and manually set the split pointers.
+    initialize(newEventId, other.mDeviceId, other.mSource, other.mDisplayId, /*hmac=*/{}, action,
+               other.mActionButton, other.mFlags, other.mEdgeFlags, other.mMetaState,
+               other.mButtonState, other.mClassification, other.mTransform, other.mXPrecision,
+               other.mYPrecision, other.mRawXCursorPosition, other.mRawYCursorPosition,
+               other.mRawTransform, splitDownTime, other.getEventTime(), /*pointerCount=*/0,
+               pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
+    mPointerProperties = std::move(pointerProperties);
+    mSamplePointerCoords = std::move(pointerCoords);
+    mSampleEventTimes = other.mSampleEventTimes;
+}
+
 void MotionEvent::addSample(
         int64_t eventTime,
         const PointerCoords* pointerCoords) {
@@ -690,6 +751,18 @@
     mTransform.set(currXOffset + xOffset, currYOffset + yOffset);
 }
 
+float MotionEvent::getRawXOffset() const {
+    // This is equivalent to the x-coordinate of the point that the origin of the raw coordinate
+    // space maps to.
+    return (mTransform * mRawTransform.inverse()).tx();
+}
+
+float MotionEvent::getRawYOffset() const {
+    // This is equivalent to the y-coordinate of the point that the origin of the raw coordinate
+    // space maps to.
+    return (mTransform * mRawTransform.inverse()).ty();
+}
+
 void MotionEvent::scale(float globalScaleFactor) {
     mTransform.set(mTransform.tx() * globalScaleFactor, mTransform.ty() * globalScaleFactor);
     mRawTransform.set(mRawTransform.tx() * globalScaleFactor,
@@ -934,6 +1007,46 @@
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%" PRId32, action);
 }
 
+std::tuple<int32_t, std::vector<PointerProperties>, std::vector<PointerCoords>> MotionEvent::split(
+        int32_t action, int32_t flags, int32_t historySize,
+        const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointerProperties,
+        const std::vector<PointerCoords>& pointerCoords,
+        std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitPointerIds) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!splitPointerIds.any());
+    const auto pointerCount = pointerProperties.size();
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(pointerCoords.size() != (pointerCount * (historySize + 1)));
+    const auto splitCount = splitPointerIds.count();
+
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> splitPointerProperties;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> splitPointerCoords;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        if (splitPointerIds.test(pointerProperties[i].id)) {
+            splitPointerProperties.emplace_back(pointerProperties[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCoords.size(); i++) {
+        if (splitPointerIds.test(pointerProperties[i % pointerCount].id)) {
+            splitPointerCoords.emplace_back(pointerCoords[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(splitPointerCoords.size() !=
+                        (splitPointerProperties.size() * (historySize + 1)));
+
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(splitPointerProperties.size() != splitCount)) {
+        // TODO(b/329107108): Promote this to a fatal check once bugs in the caller are resolved.
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot split MotionEvent: Requested splitting " << splitCount
+                   << " pointers from the original event, but the original event only contained "
+                   << splitPointerProperties.size() << " of those pointers.";
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/327503168): Verify the splitDownTime here once it is used correctly.
+
+    const auto splitAction = resolveActionForSplitMotionEvent(action, flags, pointerProperties,
+                                                              splitPointerProperties);
+    return {splitAction, splitPointerProperties, splitPointerCoords};
+}
+
 // Apply the given transformation to the point without checking whether the entire transform
 // should be disregarded altogether for the provided source.
 static inline vec2 calculateTransformedXYUnchecked(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform& transform,
diff --git a/libs/input/InputConsumer.cpp b/libs/input/InputConsumer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d874e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/InputConsumer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "InputTransport"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_INPUT
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <com_android_input_flags.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumer.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
+#include <input/TraceTools.h>
+
+namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Log debug messages relating to the consumer end of the transport channel.
+ * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportConsumer DEBUG" (requires restart)
+ */
+
+const bool DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER =
+        __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Consumer", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
+
+const bool IS_DEBUGGABLE_BUILD =
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+        android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false);
+#else
+        true;
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Log debug messages about touch event resampling.
+ *
+ * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportResampling DEBUG".
+ * This requires a restart on non-debuggable (e.g. user) builds, but should take effect immediately
+ * on debuggable builds (e.g. userdebug).
+ */
+bool debugResampling() {
+    if (!IS_DEBUGGABLE_BUILD) {
+        static const bool DEBUG_TRANSPORT_RESAMPLING =
+                __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Resampling",
+                                          ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
+        return DEBUG_TRANSPORT_RESAMPLING;
+    }
+    return __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Resampling", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
+}
+
+void initializeKeyEvent(KeyEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    event.initialize(msg.body.key.eventId, msg.body.key.deviceId, msg.body.key.source,
+                     msg.body.key.displayId, msg.body.key.hmac, msg.body.key.action,
+                     msg.body.key.flags, msg.body.key.keyCode, msg.body.key.scanCode,
+                     msg.body.key.metaState, msg.body.key.repeatCount, msg.body.key.downTime,
+                     msg.body.key.eventTime);
+}
+
+void initializeFocusEvent(FocusEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    event.initialize(msg.body.focus.eventId, msg.body.focus.hasFocus);
+}
+
+void initializeCaptureEvent(CaptureEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    event.initialize(msg.body.capture.eventId, msg.body.capture.pointerCaptureEnabled);
+}
+
+void initializeDragEvent(DragEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    event.initialize(msg.body.drag.eventId, msg.body.drag.x, msg.body.drag.y,
+                     msg.body.drag.isExiting);
+}
+
+void initializeMotionEvent(MotionEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    uint32_t pointerCount = msg.body.motion.pointerCount;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties[i] = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties;
+        pointerCoords[i] = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords;
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set({msg.body.motion.dsdx, msg.body.motion.dtdx, msg.body.motion.tx,
+                   msg.body.motion.dtdy, msg.body.motion.dsdy, msg.body.motion.ty, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform displayTransform;
+    displayTransform.set({msg.body.motion.dsdxRaw, msg.body.motion.dtdxRaw, msg.body.motion.txRaw,
+                          msg.body.motion.dtdyRaw, msg.body.motion.dsdyRaw, msg.body.motion.tyRaw,
+                          0, 0, 1});
+    event.initialize(msg.body.motion.eventId, msg.body.motion.deviceId, msg.body.motion.source,
+                     msg.body.motion.displayId, msg.body.motion.hmac, msg.body.motion.action,
+                     msg.body.motion.actionButton, msg.body.motion.flags, msg.body.motion.edgeFlags,
+                     msg.body.motion.metaState, msg.body.motion.buttonState,
+                     msg.body.motion.classification, transform, msg.body.motion.xPrecision,
+                     msg.body.motion.yPrecision, msg.body.motion.xCursorPosition,
+                     msg.body.motion.yCursorPosition, displayTransform, msg.body.motion.downTime,
+                     msg.body.motion.eventTime, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+}
+
+void addSample(MotionEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    uint32_t pointerCount = msg.body.motion.pointerCount;
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerCoords[i] = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords;
+    }
+
+    event.setMetaState(event.getMetaState() | msg.body.motion.metaState);
+    event.addSample(msg.body.motion.eventTime, pointerCoords);
+}
+
+void initializeTouchModeEvent(TouchModeEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    event.initialize(msg.body.touchMode.eventId, msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode);
+}
+
+// Nanoseconds per milliseconds.
+constexpr nsecs_t NANOS_PER_MS = 1000000;
+
+// Latency added during resampling.  A few milliseconds doesn't hurt much but
+// reduces the impact of mispredicted touch positions.
+const std::chrono::duration RESAMPLE_LATENCY = 5ms;
+
+// Minimum time difference between consecutive samples before attempting to resample.
+const nsecs_t RESAMPLE_MIN_DELTA = 2 * NANOS_PER_MS;
+
+// Maximum time difference between consecutive samples before attempting to resample
+// by extrapolation.
+const nsecs_t RESAMPLE_MAX_DELTA = 20 * NANOS_PER_MS;
+
+// Maximum time to predict forward from the last known state, to avoid predicting too
+// far into the future.  This time is further bounded by 50% of the last time delta.
+const nsecs_t RESAMPLE_MAX_PREDICTION = 8 * NANOS_PER_MS;
+
+/**
+ * System property for enabling / disabling touch resampling.
+ * Resampling extrapolates / interpolates the reported touch event coordinates to better
+ * align them to the VSYNC signal, thus resulting in smoother scrolling performance.
+ * Resampling is not needed (and should be disabled) on hardware that already
+ * has touch events triggered by VSYNC.
+ * Set to "1" to enable resampling (default).
+ * Set to "0" to disable resampling.
+ * Resampling is enabled by default.
+ */
+const char* PROPERTY_RESAMPLING_ENABLED = "ro.input.resampling";
+
+inline float lerp(float a, float b, float alpha) {
+    return a + alpha * (b - a);
+}
+
+inline bool isPointerEvent(int32_t source) {
+    return (source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) == AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER;
+}
+
+bool shouldResampleTool(ToolType toolType) {
+    return toolType == ToolType::FINGER || toolType == ToolType::UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+using android::base::Result;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
+// --- InputConsumer ---
+
+InputConsumer::InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel)
+      : InputConsumer(channel, isTouchResamplingEnabled()) {}
+
+InputConsumer::InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
+                             bool enableTouchResampling)
+      : mResampleTouch(enableTouchResampling), mChannel(channel), mMsgDeferred(false) {}
+
+InputConsumer::~InputConsumer() {}
+
+bool InputConsumer::isTouchResamplingEnabled() {
+    return property_get_bool(PROPERTY_RESAMPLING_ENABLED, true);
+}
+
+status_t InputConsumer::consume(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, bool consumeBatches,
+                                nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+             "channel '%s' consumer ~ consume: consumeBatches=%s, frameTime=%" PRId64,
+             mChannel->getName().c_str(), toString(consumeBatches), frameTime);
+
+    *outSeq = 0;
+    *outEvent = nullptr;
+
+    // Fetch the next input message.
+    // Loop until an event can be returned or no additional events are received.
+    while (!*outEvent) {
+        if (mMsgDeferred) {
+            // mMsg contains a valid input message from the previous call to consume
+            // that has not yet been processed.
+            mMsgDeferred = false;
+        } else {
+            // Receive a fresh message.
+            status_t result = mChannel->receiveMessage(&mMsg);
+            if (result == OK) {
+                const auto [_, inserted] =
+                        mConsumeTimes.emplace(mMsg.header.seq, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC));
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Already have a consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
+                                    mMsg.header.seq);
+
+                // Trace the event processing timeline - event was just read from the socket
+                ATRACE_ASYNC_BEGIN("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/mMsg.header.seq);
+            }
+            if (result) {
+                // Consume the next batched event unless batches are being held for later.
+                if (consumeBatches || result != WOULD_BLOCK) {
+                    result = consumeBatch(factory, frameTime, outSeq, outEvent);
+                    if (*outEvent) {
+                        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+                                 "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed batch event, seq=%u",
+                                 mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (mMsg.header.type) {
+            case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
+                KeyEvent* keyEvent = factory->createKeyEvent();
+                if (!keyEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                initializeKeyEvent(*keyEvent, mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = keyEvent;
+                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+                         "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed key event, seq=%u",
+                         mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
+                ssize_t batchIndex = findBatch(mMsg.body.motion.deviceId, mMsg.body.motion.source);
+                if (batchIndex >= 0) {
+                    Batch& batch = mBatches[batchIndex];
+                    if (canAddSample(batch, &mMsg)) {
+                        batch.samples.push_back(mMsg);
+                        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+                                 "channel '%s' consumer ~ appended to batch event",
+                                 mChannel->getName().c_str());
+                        break;
+                    } else if (isPointerEvent(mMsg.body.motion.source) &&
+                               mMsg.body.motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+                        // No need to process events that we are going to cancel anyways
+                        const size_t count = batch.samples.size();
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                            const InputMessage& msg = batch.samples[i];
+                            sendFinishedSignal(msg.header.seq, false);
+                        }
+                        batch.samples.erase(batch.samples.begin(), batch.samples.begin() + count);
+                        mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + batchIndex);
+                    } else {
+                        // We cannot append to the batch in progress, so we need to consume
+                        // the previous batch right now and defer the new message until later.
+                        mMsgDeferred = true;
+                        status_t result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, batch.samples.size(),
+                                                         outSeq, outEvent);
+                        mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + batchIndex);
+                        if (result) {
+                            return result;
+                        }
+                        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+                                 "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed batch event and "
+                                 "deferred current event, seq=%u",
+                                 mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Start a new batch if needed.
+                if (mMsg.body.motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE ||
+                    mMsg.body.motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
+                    Batch batch;
+                    batch.samples.push_back(mMsg);
+                    mBatches.push_back(batch);
+                    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+                             "channel '%s' consumer ~ started batch event",
+                             mChannel->getName().c_str());
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                MotionEvent* motionEvent = factory->createMotionEvent();
+                if (!motionEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                updateTouchState(mMsg);
+                initializeMotionEvent(*motionEvent, mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = motionEvent;
+
+                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+                         "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed motion event, seq=%u",
+                         mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED:
+            case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Consumed a %s message, which should never be seen by "
+                                 "InputConsumer!",
+                                 ftl::enum_string(mMsg.header.type).c_str());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
+                FocusEvent* focusEvent = factory->createFocusEvent();
+                if (!focusEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                initializeFocusEvent(*focusEvent, mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = focusEvent;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
+                CaptureEvent* captureEvent = factory->createCaptureEvent();
+                if (!captureEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                initializeCaptureEvent(*captureEvent, mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = captureEvent;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::DRAG: {
+                DragEvent* dragEvent = factory->createDragEvent();
+                if (!dragEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                initializeDragEvent(*dragEvent, mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = dragEvent;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+                TouchModeEvent* touchModeEvent = factory->createTouchModeEvent();
+                if (!touchModeEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                initializeTouchModeEvent(*touchModeEvent, mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = touchModeEvent;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t InputConsumer::consumeBatch(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, nsecs_t frameTime,
+                                     uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
+    status_t result;
+    for (size_t i = mBatches.size(); i > 0;) {
+        i--;
+        Batch& batch = mBatches[i];
+        if (frameTime < 0) {
+            result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, batch.samples.size(), outSeq, outEvent);
+            mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + i);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        nsecs_t sampleTime = frameTime;
+        if (mResampleTouch) {
+            sampleTime -= std::chrono::nanoseconds(RESAMPLE_LATENCY).count();
+        }
+        ssize_t split = findSampleNoLaterThan(batch, sampleTime);
+        if (split < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, split + 1, outSeq, outEvent);
+        const InputMessage* next;
+        if (batch.samples.empty()) {
+            mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + i);
+            next = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            next = &batch.samples[0];
+        }
+        if (!result && mResampleTouch) {
+            resampleTouchState(sampleTime, static_cast<MotionEvent*>(*outEvent), next);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    return WOULD_BLOCK;
+}
+
+status_t InputConsumer::consumeSamples(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, Batch& batch,
+                                       size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
+    MotionEvent* motionEvent = factory->createMotionEvent();
+    if (!motionEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+    uint32_t chain = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        InputMessage& msg = batch.samples[i];
+        updateTouchState(msg);
+        if (i) {
+            SeqChain seqChain;
+            seqChain.seq = msg.header.seq;
+            seqChain.chain = chain;
+            mSeqChains.push_back(seqChain);
+            addSample(*motionEvent, msg);
+        } else {
+            initializeMotionEvent(*motionEvent, msg);
+        }
+        chain = msg.header.seq;
+    }
+    batch.samples.erase(batch.samples.begin(), batch.samples.begin() + count);
+
+    *outSeq = chain;
+    *outEvent = motionEvent;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+void InputConsumer::updateTouchState(InputMessage& msg) {
+    if (!mResampleTouch || !isPointerEvent(msg.body.motion.source)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int32_t deviceId = msg.body.motion.deviceId;
+    int32_t source = msg.body.motion.source;
+
+    // Update the touch state history to incorporate the new input message.
+    // If the message is in the past relative to the most recently produced resampled
+    // touch, then use the resampled time and coordinates instead.
+    switch (msg.body.motion.action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK) {
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN: {
+            ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
+            if (index < 0) {
+                mTouchStates.push_back({});
+                index = mTouchStates.size() - 1;
+            }
+            TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+            touchState.initialize(deviceId, source);
+            touchState.addHistory(msg);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE: {
+            ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+                touchState.addHistory(msg);
+                rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: {
+            ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+                touchState.lastResample.idBits.clearBit(msg.body.motion.getActionId());
+                rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP: {
+            ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+                rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
+                touchState.lastResample.idBits.clearBit(msg.body.motion.getActionId());
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL: {
+            ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+                rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL: {
+            ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+                rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
+                mTouchStates.erase(mTouchStates.begin() + index);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replace the coordinates in msg with the coordinates in lastResample, if necessary.
+ *
+ * If lastResample is no longer valid for a specific pointer (i.e. the lastResample time
+ * is in the past relative to msg and the past two events do not contain identical coordinates),
+ * then invalidate the lastResample data for that pointer.
+ * If the two past events have identical coordinates, then lastResample data for that pointer will
+ * remain valid, and will be used to replace these coordinates. Thus, if a certain coordinate x0 is
+ * resampled to the new value x1, then x1 will always be used to replace x0 until some new value
+ * not equal to x0 is received.
+ */
+void InputConsumer::rewriteMessage(TouchState& state, InputMessage& msg) {
+    nsecs_t eventTime = msg.body.motion.eventTime;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < msg.body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
+        uint32_t id = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties.id;
+        if (state.lastResample.idBits.hasBit(id)) {
+            if (eventTime < state.lastResample.eventTime ||
+                state.recentCoordinatesAreIdentical(id)) {
+                PointerCoords& msgCoords = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords;
+                const PointerCoords& resampleCoords = state.lastResample.getPointerById(id);
+                ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "[%d] - rewrite (%0.3f, %0.3f), old (%0.3f, %0.3f)", id,
+                         resampleCoords.getX(), resampleCoords.getY(), msgCoords.getX(),
+                         msgCoords.getY());
+                msgCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, resampleCoords.getX());
+                msgCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, resampleCoords.getY());
+                msgCoords.isResampled = true;
+            } else {
+                state.lastResample.idBits.clearBit(id);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputConsumer::resampleTouchState(nsecs_t sampleTime, MotionEvent* event,
+                                       const InputMessage* next) {
+    if (!mResampleTouch || !(isPointerEvent(event->getSource())) ||
+        event->getAction() != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ssize_t index = findTouchState(event->getDeviceId(), event->getSource());
+    if (index < 0) {
+        ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, no touch state for device.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
+    if (touchState.historySize < 1) {
+        ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, no history for device.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that the current sample has all of the pointers that need to be reported.
+    const History* current = touchState.getHistory(0);
+    size_t pointerCount = event->getPointerCount();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        uint32_t id = event->getPointerId(i);
+        if (!current->idBits.hasBit(id)) {
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, missing id %d", id);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Find the data to use for resampling.
+    const History* other;
+    History future;
+    float alpha;
+    if (next) {
+        // Interpolate between current sample and future sample.
+        // So current->eventTime <= sampleTime <= future.eventTime.
+        future.initializeFrom(*next);
+        other = &future;
+        nsecs_t delta = future.eventTime - current->eventTime;
+        if (delta < RESAMPLE_MIN_DELTA) {
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, delta time is too small: %" PRId64 " ns.",
+                     delta);
+            return;
+        }
+        alpha = float(sampleTime - current->eventTime) / delta;
+    } else if (touchState.historySize >= 2) {
+        // Extrapolate future sample using current sample and past sample.
+        // So other->eventTime <= current->eventTime <= sampleTime.
+        other = touchState.getHistory(1);
+        nsecs_t delta = current->eventTime - other->eventTime;
+        if (delta < RESAMPLE_MIN_DELTA) {
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, delta time is too small: %" PRId64 " ns.",
+                     delta);
+            return;
+        } else if (delta > RESAMPLE_MAX_DELTA) {
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, delta time is too large: %" PRId64 " ns.",
+                     delta);
+            return;
+        }
+        nsecs_t maxPredict = current->eventTime + std::min(delta / 2, RESAMPLE_MAX_PREDICTION);
+        if (sampleTime > maxPredict) {
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(),
+                     "Sample time is too far in the future, adjusting prediction "
+                     "from %" PRId64 " to %" PRId64 " ns.",
+                     sampleTime - current->eventTime, maxPredict - current->eventTime);
+            sampleTime = maxPredict;
+        }
+        alpha = float(current->eventTime - sampleTime) / delta;
+    } else {
+        ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, insufficient data.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (current->eventTime == sampleTime) {
+        // Prevents having 2 events with identical times and coordinates.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Resample touch coordinates.
+    History oldLastResample;
+    oldLastResample.initializeFrom(touchState.lastResample);
+    touchState.lastResample.eventTime = sampleTime;
+    touchState.lastResample.idBits.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        uint32_t id = event->getPointerId(i);
+        touchState.lastResample.idToIndex[id] = i;
+        touchState.lastResample.idBits.markBit(id);
+        if (oldLastResample.hasPointerId(id) && touchState.recentCoordinatesAreIdentical(id)) {
+            // We maintain the previously resampled value for this pointer (stored in
+            // oldLastResample) when the coordinates for this pointer haven't changed since then.
+            // This way we don't introduce artificial jitter when pointers haven't actually moved.
+            // The isResampled flag isn't cleared as the values don't reflect what the device is
+            // actually reporting.
+
+            // We know here that the coordinates for the pointer haven't changed because we
+            // would've cleared the resampled bit in rewriteMessage if they had. We can't modify
+            // lastResample in place because the mapping from pointer ID to index may have changed.
+            touchState.lastResample.pointers[i] = oldLastResample.getPointerById(id);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        PointerCoords& resampledCoords = touchState.lastResample.pointers[i];
+        const PointerCoords& currentCoords = current->getPointerById(id);
+        resampledCoords = currentCoords;
+        resampledCoords.isResampled = true;
+        if (other->idBits.hasBit(id) && shouldResampleTool(event->getToolType(i))) {
+            const PointerCoords& otherCoords = other->getPointerById(id);
+            resampledCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                                         lerp(currentCoords.getX(), otherCoords.getX(), alpha));
+            resampledCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                                         lerp(currentCoords.getY(), otherCoords.getY(), alpha));
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(),
+                     "[%d] - out (%0.3f, %0.3f), cur (%0.3f, %0.3f), "
+                     "other (%0.3f, %0.3f), alpha %0.3f",
+                     id, resampledCoords.getX(), resampledCoords.getY(), currentCoords.getX(),
+                     currentCoords.getY(), otherCoords.getX(), otherCoords.getY(), alpha);
+        } else {
+            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "[%d] - out (%0.3f, %0.3f), cur (%0.3f, %0.3f)", id,
+                     resampledCoords.getX(), resampledCoords.getY(), currentCoords.getX(),
+                     currentCoords.getY());
+        }
+    }
+
+    event->addSample(sampleTime, touchState.lastResample.pointers);
+}
+
+status_t InputConsumer::sendFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled) {
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+             "channel '%s' consumer ~ sendFinishedSignal: seq=%u, handled=%s",
+             mChannel->getName().c_str(), seq, toString(handled));
+
+    if (!seq) {
+        ALOGE("Attempted to send a finished signal with sequence number 0.");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    // Send finished signals for the batch sequence chain first.
+    size_t seqChainCount = mSeqChains.size();
+    if (seqChainCount) {
+        uint32_t currentSeq = seq;
+        uint32_t chainSeqs[seqChainCount];
+        size_t chainIndex = 0;
+        for (size_t i = seqChainCount; i > 0;) {
+            i--;
+            const SeqChain& seqChain = mSeqChains[i];
+            if (seqChain.seq == currentSeq) {
+                currentSeq = seqChain.chain;
+                chainSeqs[chainIndex++] = currentSeq;
+                mSeqChains.erase(mSeqChains.begin() + i);
+            }
+        }
+        status_t status = OK;
+        while (!status && chainIndex > 0) {
+            chainIndex--;
+            status = sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(chainSeqs[chainIndex], handled);
+        }
+        if (status) {
+            // An error occurred so at least one signal was not sent, reconstruct the chain.
+            for (;;) {
+                SeqChain seqChain;
+                seqChain.seq = chainIndex != 0 ? chainSeqs[chainIndex - 1] : seq;
+                seqChain.chain = chainSeqs[chainIndex];
+                mSeqChains.push_back(seqChain);
+                if (!chainIndex) break;
+                chainIndex--;
+            }
+            return status;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Send finished signal for the last message in the batch.
+    return sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(seq, handled);
+}
+
+status_t InputConsumer::sendTimeline(int32_t inputEventId,
+                                     std::array<nsecs_t, GraphicsTimeline::SIZE> graphicsTimeline) {
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
+             "channel '%s' consumer ~ sendTimeline: inputEventId=%" PRId32
+             ", gpuCompletedTime=%" PRId64 ", presentTime=%" PRId64,
+             mChannel->getName().c_str(), inputEventId,
+             graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME],
+             graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME]);
+
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE;
+    msg.header.seq = 0;
+    msg.body.timeline.eventId = inputEventId;
+    msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline = std::move(graphicsTimeline);
+    return mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
+}
+
+nsecs_t InputConsumer::getConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) const {
+    auto it = mConsumeTimes.find(seq);
+    // Consume time will be missing if either 'finishInputEvent' is called twice, or if it was
+    // called for the wrong (synthetic?) input event. Either way, it is a bug that should be fixed.
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mConsumeTimes.end(), "Could not find consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
+                        seq);
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+void InputConsumer::popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) {
+    mConsumeTimes.erase(seq);
+}
+
+status_t InputConsumer::sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled) {
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::FINISHED;
+    msg.header.seq = seq;
+    msg.body.finished.handled = handled;
+    msg.body.finished.consumeTime = getConsumeTime(seq);
+    status_t result = mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
+    if (result == OK) {
+        // Remove the consume time if the socket write succeeded. We will not need to ack this
+        // message anymore. If the socket write did not succeed, we will try again and will still
+        // need consume time.
+        popConsumeTime(seq);
+
+        // Trace the event processing timeline - event was just finished
+        ATRACE_ASYNC_END("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/seq);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool InputConsumer::hasPendingBatch() const {
+    return !mBatches.empty();
+}
+
+int32_t InputConsumer::getPendingBatchSource() const {
+    if (mBatches.empty()) {
+        return AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_NONE;
+    }
+
+    const Batch& batch = mBatches[0];
+    const InputMessage& head = batch.samples[0];
+    return head.body.motion.source;
+}
+
+bool InputConsumer::probablyHasInput() const {
+    return hasPendingBatch() || mChannel->probablyHasInput();
+}
+
+ssize_t InputConsumer::findBatch(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mBatches.size(); i++) {
+        const Batch& batch = mBatches[i];
+        const InputMessage& head = batch.samples[0];
+        if (head.body.motion.deviceId == deviceId && head.body.motion.source == source) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+ssize_t InputConsumer::findTouchState(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mTouchStates.size(); i++) {
+        const TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[i];
+        if (touchState.deviceId == deviceId && touchState.source == source) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool InputConsumer::canAddSample(const Batch& batch, const InputMessage* msg) {
+    const InputMessage& head = batch.samples[0];
+    uint32_t pointerCount = msg->body.motion.pointerCount;
+    if (head.body.motion.pointerCount != pointerCount ||
+        head.body.motion.action != msg->body.motion.action) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        if (head.body.motion.pointers[i].properties != msg->body.motion.pointers[i].properties) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+ssize_t InputConsumer::findSampleNoLaterThan(const Batch& batch, nsecs_t time) {
+    size_t numSamples = batch.samples.size();
+    size_t index = 0;
+    while (index < numSamples && batch.samples[index].body.motion.eventTime <= time) {
+        index += 1;
+    }
+    return ssize_t(index) - 1;
+}
+
+std::string InputConsumer::dump() const {
+    std::string out;
+    out = out + "mResampleTouch = " + toString(mResampleTouch) + "\n";
+    out = out + "mChannel = " + mChannel->getName() + "\n";
+    out = out + "mMsgDeferred: " + toString(mMsgDeferred) + "\n";
+    if (mMsgDeferred) {
+        out = out + "mMsg : " + ftl::enum_string(mMsg.header.type) + "\n";
+    }
+    out += "Batches:\n";
+    for (const Batch& batch : mBatches) {
+        out += "    Batch:\n";
+        for (const InputMessage& msg : batch.samples) {
+            out += android::base::StringPrintf("        Message %" PRIu32 ": %s ", msg.header.seq,
+                                               ftl::enum_string(msg.header.type).c_str());
+            switch (msg.header.type) {
+                case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("action=%s keycode=%" PRId32,
+                                                       KeyEvent::actionToString(
+                                                               msg.body.key.action),
+                                                       msg.body.key.keyCode);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
+                    out = out + "action=" + MotionEvent::actionToString(msg.body.motion.action);
+                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < msg.body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
+                        const float x = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords.getX();
+                        const float y = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords.getY();
+                        out += android::base::StringPrintf("\n            Pointer %" PRIu32
+                                                           " : x=%.1f y=%.1f",
+                                                           i, x, y);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("handled=%s, consumeTime=%" PRId64,
+                                                       toString(msg.body.finished.handled),
+                                                       msg.body.finished.consumeTime);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("hasFocus=%s",
+                                                       toString(msg.body.focus.hasFocus));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("hasCapture=%s",
+                                                       toString(msg.body.capture
+                                                                        .pointerCaptureEnabled));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::DRAG: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("x=%.1f y=%.1f, isExiting=%s",
+                                                       msg.body.drag.x, msg.body.drag.y,
+                                                       toString(msg.body.drag.isExiting));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
+                    const nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime =
+                            msg.body.timeline
+                                    .graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME];
+                    const nsecs_t presentTime =
+                            msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME];
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("inputEventId=%" PRId32
+                                                       ", gpuCompletedTime=%" PRId64
+                                                       ", presentTime=%" PRId64,
+                                                       msg.body.timeline.eventId, gpuCompletedTime,
+                                                       presentTime);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("isInTouchMode=%s",
+                                                       toString(msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode));
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            out += "\n";
+        }
+    }
+    if (mBatches.empty()) {
+        out += "    <empty>\n";
+    }
+    out += "mSeqChains:\n";
+    for (const SeqChain& chain : mSeqChains) {
+        out += android::base::StringPrintf("    chain: seq = %" PRIu32 " chain=%" PRIu32, chain.seq,
+                                           chain.chain);
+    }
+    if (mSeqChains.empty()) {
+        out += "    <empty>\n";
+    }
+    out += "mConsumeTimes:\n";
+    for (const auto& [seq, consumeTime] : mConsumeTimes) {
+        out += android::base::StringPrintf("    seq = %" PRIu32 " consumeTime = %" PRId64, seq,
+                                           consumeTime);
+    }
+    if (mConsumeTimes.empty()) {
+        out += "    <empty>\n";
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp b/libs/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52acb51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "InputTransport"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_INPUT
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <com_android_input_flags.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
+#include <input/TraceTools.h>
+
+namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Log debug messages relating to the consumer end of the transport channel.
+ * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportConsumer DEBUG" (requires restart)
+ */
+const bool DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER =
+        __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Consumer", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
+
+std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> createKeyEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> event = std::make_unique<KeyEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.key.eventId, msg.body.key.deviceId, msg.body.key.source,
+                      msg.body.key.displayId, msg.body.key.hmac, msg.body.key.action,
+                      msg.body.key.flags, msg.body.key.keyCode, msg.body.key.scanCode,
+                      msg.body.key.metaState, msg.body.key.repeatCount, msg.body.key.downTime,
+                      msg.body.key.eventTime);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> createFocusEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> event = std::make_unique<FocusEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.focus.eventId, msg.body.focus.hasFocus);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> createCaptureEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event = std::make_unique<CaptureEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.capture.eventId, msg.body.capture.pointerCaptureEnabled);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> createDragEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event = std::make_unique<DragEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.drag.eventId, msg.body.drag.x, msg.body.drag.y,
+                      msg.body.drag.isExiting);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> createMotionEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>();
+    const uint32_t pointerCount = msg.body.motion.pointerCount;
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
+    pointerProperties.reserve(pointerCount);
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+    pointerCoords.reserve(pointerCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties.push_back(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties);
+        pointerCoords.push_back(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords);
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set({msg.body.motion.dsdx, msg.body.motion.dtdx, msg.body.motion.tx,
+                   msg.body.motion.dtdy, msg.body.motion.dsdy, msg.body.motion.ty, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform displayTransform;
+    displayTransform.set({msg.body.motion.dsdxRaw, msg.body.motion.dtdxRaw, msg.body.motion.txRaw,
+                          msg.body.motion.dtdyRaw, msg.body.motion.dsdyRaw, msg.body.motion.tyRaw,
+                          0, 0, 1});
+    event->initialize(msg.body.motion.eventId, msg.body.motion.deviceId, msg.body.motion.source,
+                      msg.body.motion.displayId, msg.body.motion.hmac, msg.body.motion.action,
+                      msg.body.motion.actionButton, msg.body.motion.flags,
+                      msg.body.motion.edgeFlags, msg.body.motion.metaState,
+                      msg.body.motion.buttonState, msg.body.motion.classification, transform,
+                      msg.body.motion.xPrecision, msg.body.motion.yPrecision,
+                      msg.body.motion.xCursorPosition, msg.body.motion.yCursorPosition,
+                      displayTransform, msg.body.motion.downTime, msg.body.motion.eventTime,
+                      pointerCount, pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
+    return event;
+}
+
+void addSample(MotionEvent& event, const InputMessage& msg) {
+    uint32_t pointerCount = msg.body.motion.pointerCount;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+    pointerCoords.reserve(pointerCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerCoords.push_back(msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/329770983): figure out if it's safe to combine events with mismatching metaState
+    event.setMetaState(event.getMetaState() | msg.body.motion.metaState);
+    event.addSample(msg.body.motion.eventTime, pointerCoords.data());
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> createTouchModeEvent(const InputMessage& msg) {
+    std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event = std::make_unique<TouchModeEvent>();
+    event->initialize(msg.body.touchMode.eventId, msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode);
+    return event;
+}
+
+std::string outboundMessageToString(const InputMessage& outboundMsg) {
+    switch (outboundMsg.header.type) {
+        case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED: {
+            return android::base::StringPrintf("  Finish: seq=%" PRIu32 " handled=%s",
+                                               outboundMsg.header.seq,
+                                               toString(outboundMsg.body.finished.handled));
+        }
+        case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
+            return android::base::
+                    StringPrintf("  Timeline: inputEventId=%" PRId32 " gpuCompletedTime=%" PRId64
+                                 ", presentTime=%" PRId64,
+                                 outboundMsg.body.timeline.eventId,
+                                 outboundMsg.body.timeline
+                                         .graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME],
+                                 outboundMsg.body.timeline
+                                         .graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME]);
+        }
+        default: {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Outbound message must be FINISHED or TIMELINE, got "
+                       << ftl::enum_string(outboundMsg.header.type);
+            return "Unreachable";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+InputMessage createFinishedMessage(uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::FINISHED;
+    msg.header.seq = seq;
+    msg.body.finished.handled = handled;
+    msg.body.finished.consumeTime = consumeTime;
+    return msg;
+}
+
+InputMessage createTimelineMessage(int32_t inputEventId, nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime,
+                                   nsecs_t presentTime) {
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE;
+    msg.header.seq = 0;
+    msg.body.timeline.eventId = inputEventId;
+    msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME] = gpuCompletedTime;
+    msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME] = presentTime;
+    return msg;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+using android::base::Result;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
+// --- InputConsumerNoResampling ---
+
+InputConsumerNoResampling::InputConsumerNoResampling(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
+                                                     sp<Looper> looper,
+                                                     InputConsumerCallbacks& callbacks)
+      : mChannel(channel), mLooper(looper), mCallbacks(callbacks), mFdEvents(0) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mLooper == nullptr);
+    mCallback = sp<LooperEventCallback>::make(
+            std::bind(&InputConsumerNoResampling::handleReceiveCallback, this,
+                      std::placeholders::_1));
+    // In the beginning, there are no pending outbounds events; we only care about receiving
+    // incoming data.
+    setFdEvents(ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT);
+}
+
+InputConsumerNoResampling::~InputConsumerNoResampling() {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::nullopt);
+    while (!mOutboundQueue.empty()) {
+        processOutboundEvents();
+        // This is our last chance to ack the events. If we don't ack them here, we will get an ANR,
+        // so keep trying to send the events as long as they are present in the queue.
+    }
+    setFdEvents(0);
+}
+
+int InputConsumerNoResampling::handleReceiveCallback(int events) {
+    // Allowed return values of this function as documented in LooperCallback::handleEvent
+    constexpr int REMOVE_CALLBACK = 0;
+    constexpr int KEEP_CALLBACK = 1;
+
+    if (events & (ALOOPER_EVENT_ERROR | ALOOPER_EVENT_HANGUP)) {
+        // This error typically occurs when the publisher has closed the input channel
+        // as part of removing a window or finishing an IME session, in which case
+        // the consumer will soon be disposed as well.
+        if (DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "The channel was hung up or an error occurred: " << mChannel->getName();
+        }
+        return REMOVE_CALLBACK;
+    }
+
+    int handledEvents = 0;
+    if (events & ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT) {
+        std::vector<InputMessage> messages = readAllMessages();
+        handleMessages(std::move(messages));
+        handledEvents |= ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT;
+    }
+
+    if (events & ALOOPER_EVENT_OUTPUT) {
+        processOutboundEvents();
+        handledEvents |= ALOOPER_EVENT_OUTPUT;
+    }
+    if (handledEvents != events) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Mismatch: handledEvents=" << handledEvents << ", events=" << events;
+    }
+    return KEEP_CALLBACK;
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::processOutboundEvents() {
+    while (!mOutboundQueue.empty()) {
+        const InputMessage& outboundMsg = mOutboundQueue.front();
+
+        const status_t result = mChannel->sendMessage(&outboundMsg);
+        if (result == OK) {
+            if (outboundMsg.header.type == InputMessage::Type::FINISHED) {
+                ATRACE_ASYNC_END("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/outboundMsg.header.seq);
+            }
+            // Successful send. Erase the entry and keep trying to send more
+            mOutboundQueue.pop();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Publisher is busy, try again later. Keep this entry (do not erase)
+        if (result == WOULD_BLOCK) {
+            setFdEvents(ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT | ALOOPER_EVENT_OUTPUT);
+            return; // try again later
+        }
+
+        // Some other error. Give up
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to send outbound event on channel '" << mChannel->getName()
+                   << "'.  status=" << statusToString(result) << "(" << result << ")";
+    }
+
+    // The queue is now empty. Tell looper there's no more output to expect.
+    setFdEvents(ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT);
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::finishInputEvent(uint32_t seq, bool handled) {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    mOutboundQueue.push(createFinishedMessage(seq, handled, popConsumeTime(seq)));
+    // also produce finish events for all batches for this seq (if any)
+    const auto it = mBatchedSequenceNumbers.find(seq);
+    if (it != mBatchedSequenceNumbers.end()) {
+        for (uint32_t subSeq : it->second) {
+            mOutboundQueue.push(createFinishedMessage(subSeq, handled, popConsumeTime(subSeq)));
+        }
+        mBatchedSequenceNumbers.erase(it);
+    }
+    processOutboundEvents();
+}
+
+bool InputConsumerNoResampling::probablyHasInput() const {
+    // Ideally, this would only be allowed to run on the looper thread, and in production, it will.
+    // However, for testing, it's convenient to call this while the looper thread is blocked, so
+    // we do not call ensureCalledOnLooperThread here.
+    return (!mBatches.empty()) || mChannel->probablyHasInput();
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::reportTimeline(int32_t inputEventId, nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime,
+                                               nsecs_t presentTime) {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    mOutboundQueue.push(createTimelineMessage(inputEventId, gpuCompletedTime, presentTime));
+    processOutboundEvents();
+}
+
+nsecs_t InputConsumerNoResampling::popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) {
+    auto it = mConsumeTimes.find(seq);
+    // Consume time will be missing if either 'finishInputEvent' is called twice, or if it was
+    // called for the wrong (synthetic?) input event. Either way, it is a bug that should be fixed.
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mConsumeTimes.end(), "Could not find consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
+                        seq);
+    nsecs_t consumeTime = it->second;
+    mConsumeTimes.erase(it);
+    return consumeTime;
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::setFdEvents(int events) {
+    if (mFdEvents != events) {
+        mFdEvents = events;
+        if (events != 0) {
+            mLooper->addFd(mChannel->getFd(), 0, events, mCallback, nullptr);
+        } else {
+            mLooper->removeFd(mChannel->getFd());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::handleMessages(std::vector<InputMessage>&& messages) {
+    // TODO(b/297226446) : add resampling
+    for (const InputMessage& msg : messages) {
+        if (msg.header.type == InputMessage::Type::MOTION) {
+            const int32_t action = msg.body.motion.action;
+            const DeviceId deviceId = msg.body.motion.deviceId;
+            const int32_t source = msg.body.motion.source;
+            const bool batchableEvent = (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE ||
+                                         action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) &&
+                    (isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) ||
+                     isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK));
+            if (batchableEvent) {
+                // add it to batch
+                mBatches[deviceId].emplace(msg);
+            } else {
+                // consume all pending batches for this event immediately
+                // TODO(b/329776327): figure out if this could be smarter by limiting the
+                // consumption only to the current device.
+                consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::nullopt);
+                handleMessage(msg);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Non-motion events shouldn't force the consumption of pending batched events
+            handleMessage(msg);
+        }
+    }
+    // At the end of this, if we still have pending batches, notify the receiver about it.
+
+    // We need to carefully notify the InputConsumerCallbacks about the pending batch. The receiver
+    // could choose to consume all events when notified about the batch. That means that the
+    // "mBatches" variable could change when 'InputConsumerCallbacks::onBatchedInputEventPending' is
+    // invoked. We also can't notify the InputConsumerCallbacks in a while loop until mBatches is
+    // empty, because the receiver could choose to not consume the batch immediately.
+    std::set<int32_t> pendingBatchSources;
+    for (const auto& [_, pendingMessages] : mBatches) {
+        // Assume that all messages for a given device has the same source.
+        pendingBatchSources.insert(pendingMessages.front().body.motion.source);
+    }
+    for (const int32_t source : pendingBatchSources) {
+        const bool sourceStillRemaining =
+                std::any_of(mBatches.begin(), mBatches.end(), [=](const auto& pair) {
+                    return pair.second.front().body.motion.source == source;
+                });
+        if (sourceStillRemaining) {
+            mCallbacks.onBatchedInputEventPending(source);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<InputMessage> InputConsumerNoResampling::readAllMessages() {
+    std::vector<InputMessage> messages;
+    while (true) {
+        InputMessage msg;
+        status_t result = mChannel->receiveMessage(&msg);
+        switch (result) {
+            case OK: {
+                const auto [_, inserted] =
+                        mConsumeTimes.emplace(msg.header.seq, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC));
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Already have a consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
+                                    msg.header.seq);
+
+                // Trace the event processing timeline - event was just read from the socket
+                // TODO(b/329777420): distinguish between multiple instances of InputConsumer
+                // in the same process.
+                ATRACE_ASYNC_BEGIN("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/msg.header.seq);
+                messages.push_back(msg);
+                break;
+            }
+            case WOULD_BLOCK: {
+                return messages;
+            }
+            case DEAD_OBJECT: {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Got a dead object for " << mChannel->getName();
+                break;
+            }
+            case BAD_VALUE: {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Got a bad value for " << mChannel->getName();
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected error: " << result;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::handleMessage(const InputMessage& msg) const {
+    switch (msg.header.type) {
+        case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
+            std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> keyEvent = createKeyEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onKeyEvent(std::move(keyEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
+            std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motionEvent = createMotionEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onMotionEvent(std::move(motionEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED:
+        case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Consumed a %s message, which should never be seen by "
+                             "InputConsumer on %s",
+                             ftl::enum_string(msg.header.type).c_str(),
+                             mChannel->getName().c_str());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
+            std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> focusEvent = createFocusEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onFocusEvent(std::move(focusEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
+            std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> captureEvent = createCaptureEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onCaptureEvent(std::move(captureEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::DRAG: {
+            std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> dragEvent = createDragEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onDragEvent(std::move(dragEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+            std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> touchModeEvent = createTouchModeEvent(msg);
+            mCallbacks.onTouchModeEvent(std::move(touchModeEvent), msg.header.seq);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool InputConsumerNoResampling::consumeBatchedInputEvents(
+        std::optional<nsecs_t> requestedFrameTime) {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    // When batching is not enabled, we want to consume all events. That's equivalent to having an
+    // infinite frameTime.
+    const nsecs_t frameTime = requestedFrameTime.value_or(std::numeric_limits<nsecs_t>::max());
+    bool producedEvents = false;
+    for (auto& [deviceId, messages] : mBatches) {
+        std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motion;
+        std::optional<uint32_t> firstSeqForBatch;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> sequences;
+        while (!messages.empty()) {
+            const InputMessage& msg = messages.front();
+            if (msg.body.motion.eventTime > frameTime) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (motion == nullptr) {
+                motion = createMotionEvent(msg);
+                firstSeqForBatch = msg.header.seq;
+                const auto [_, inserted] = mBatchedSequenceNumbers.insert({*firstSeqForBatch, {}});
+                if (!inserted) {
+                    LOG(FATAL) << "The sequence " << msg.header.seq << " was already present!";
+                }
+            } else {
+                addSample(*motion, msg);
+                mBatchedSequenceNumbers[*firstSeqForBatch].push_back(msg.header.seq);
+            }
+            messages.pop();
+        }
+        if (motion != nullptr) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!firstSeqForBatch.has_value());
+            mCallbacks.onMotionEvent(std::move(motion), *firstSeqForBatch);
+            producedEvents = true;
+        } else {
+            // This is OK, it just means that the frameTime is too old (all events that we have
+            // pending are in the future of the frametime). Maybe print a
+            // warning? If there are multiple devices active though, this might be normal and can
+            // just be ignored, unless none of them resulted in any consumption (in that case, this
+            // function would already return "false" so we could just leave it up to the caller).
+        }
+    }
+    std::erase_if(mBatches, [](const auto& pair) { return pair.second.empty(); });
+    return producedEvents;
+}
+
+void InputConsumerNoResampling::ensureCalledOnLooperThread(const char* func) const {
+    sp<Looper> callingThreadLooper = Looper::getForThread();
+    if (callingThreadLooper != mLooper) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "The function " << func << " can only be called on the looper thread";
+    }
+}
+
+std::string InputConsumerNoResampling::dump() const {
+    ensureCalledOnLooperThread(__func__);
+    std::string out;
+    if (mOutboundQueue.empty()) {
+        out += "mOutboundQueue: <empty>\n";
+    } else {
+        out += "mOutboundQueue:\n";
+        // Make a copy of mOutboundQueue for printing destructively. Unfortunately std::queue
+        // doesn't provide a good way to iterate over the entire container.
+        std::queue<InputMessage> tmpQueue = mOutboundQueue;
+        while (!tmpQueue.empty()) {
+            out += std::string("  ") + outboundMessageToString(tmpQueue.front()) + "\n";
+            tmpQueue.pop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mBatches.empty()) {
+        out += "mBatches: <empty>\n";
+    } else {
+        out += "mBatches:\n";
+        for (const auto& [deviceId, messages] : mBatches) {
+            out += "  Device id ";
+            out += std::to_string(deviceId);
+            out += ":\n";
+            // Make a copy of mOutboundQueue for printing destructively. Unfortunately std::queue
+            // doesn't provide a good way to iterate over the entire container.
+            std::queue<InputMessage> tmpQueue = messages;
+            while (!tmpQueue.empty()) {
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(tmpQueue.front().header.type != InputMessage::Type::MOTION);
+                std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motion = createMotionEvent(tmpQueue.front());
+                out += std::string("    ") + streamableToString(*motion) + "\n";
+                tmpQueue.pop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
index e49f4eb..1869483 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
@@ -26,10 +26,13 @@
 
 #include <com_android_input_flags.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <input/TraceTools.h>
 
 namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
 
+namespace android {
+
 namespace {
 
 /**
@@ -48,14 +51,6 @@
 const bool DEBUG_CHANNEL_LIFECYCLE =
         __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Lifecycle", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
 
-/**
- * Log debug messages relating to the consumer end of the transport channel.
- * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportConsumer DEBUG" (requires restart)
- */
-
-const bool DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER =
-        __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Consumer", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
-
 const bool IS_DEBUGGABLE_BUILD =
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
         android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false);
@@ -78,23 +73,6 @@
     return __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Publisher", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
 }
 
-/**
- * Log debug messages about touch event resampling.
- *
- * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportResampling DEBUG".
- * This requires a restart on non-debuggable (e.g. user) builds, but should take effect immediately
- * on debuggable builds (e.g. userdebug).
- */
-bool debugResampling() {
-    if (!IS_DEBUGGABLE_BUILD) {
-        static const bool DEBUG_TRANSPORT_RESAMPLING =
-                __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Resampling",
-                                          ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
-        return DEBUG_TRANSPORT_RESAMPLING;
-    }
-    return __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Resampling", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
-}
-
 android::base::unique_fd dupChannelFd(int fd) {
     android::base::unique_fd newFd(::dup(fd));
     if (!newFd.ok()) {
@@ -110,78 +88,25 @@
     return newFd;
 }
 
-} // namespace
-
-using android::base::Result;
-using android::base::StringPrintf;
-
-namespace android {
-
 // Socket buffer size.  The default is typically about 128KB, which is much larger than
 // we really need.  So we make it smaller.  It just needs to be big enough to hold
 // a few dozen large multi-finger motion events in the case where an application gets
 // behind processing touches.
-static const size_t SOCKET_BUFFER_SIZE = 32 * 1024;
-
-// Nanoseconds per milliseconds.
-static const nsecs_t NANOS_PER_MS = 1000000;
-
-// Latency added during resampling.  A few milliseconds doesn't hurt much but
-// reduces the impact of mispredicted touch positions.
-const std::chrono::duration RESAMPLE_LATENCY = 5ms;
-
-// Minimum time difference between consecutive samples before attempting to resample.
-static const nsecs_t RESAMPLE_MIN_DELTA = 2 * NANOS_PER_MS;
-
-// Maximum time difference between consecutive samples before attempting to resample
-// by extrapolation.
-static const nsecs_t RESAMPLE_MAX_DELTA = 20 * NANOS_PER_MS;
-
-// Maximum time to predict forward from the last known state, to avoid predicting too
-// far into the future.  This time is further bounded by 50% of the last time delta.
-static const nsecs_t RESAMPLE_MAX_PREDICTION = 8 * NANOS_PER_MS;
-
-/**
- * System property for enabling / disabling touch resampling.
- * Resampling extrapolates / interpolates the reported touch event coordinates to better
- * align them to the VSYNC signal, thus resulting in smoother scrolling performance.
- * Resampling is not needed (and should be disabled) on hardware that already
- * has touch events triggered by VSYNC.
- * Set to "1" to enable resampling (default).
- * Set to "0" to disable resampling.
- * Resampling is enabled by default.
- */
-static const char* PROPERTY_RESAMPLING_ENABLED = "ro.input.resampling";
+constexpr size_t SOCKET_BUFFER_SIZE = 32 * 1024;
 
 /**
  * Crash if the events that are getting sent to the InputPublisher are inconsistent.
  * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.InputTransportVerifyEvents DEBUG"
  */
-static bool verifyEvents() {
+bool verifyEvents() {
     return input_flags::enable_outbound_event_verification() ||
             __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "VerifyEvents", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-inline static T min(const T& a, const T& b) {
-    return a < b ? a : b;
-}
+} // namespace
 
-inline static float lerp(float a, float b, float alpha) {
-    return a + alpha * (b - a);
-}
-
-inline static bool isPointerEvent(int32_t source) {
-    return (source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) == AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER;
-}
-
-inline static const char* toString(bool value) {
-    return value ? "true" : "false";
-}
-
-static bool shouldResampleTool(ToolType toolType) {
-    return toolType == ToolType::FINGER || toolType == ToolType::UNKNOWN;
-}
+using android::base::Result;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
 // --- InputMessage ---
 
@@ -838,819 +763,4 @@
     return android::base::Error(UNKNOWN_ERROR);
 }
 
-// --- InputConsumer ---
-
-InputConsumer::InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel)
-      : InputConsumer(channel, isTouchResamplingEnabled()) {}
-
-InputConsumer::InputConsumer(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel,
-                             bool enableTouchResampling)
-      : mResampleTouch(enableTouchResampling), mChannel(channel), mMsgDeferred(false) {}
-
-InputConsumer::~InputConsumer() {
-}
-
-bool InputConsumer::isTouchResamplingEnabled() {
-    return property_get_bool(PROPERTY_RESAMPLING_ENABLED, true);
-}
-
-status_t InputConsumer::consume(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory, bool consumeBatches,
-                                nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-             "channel '%s' consumer ~ consume: consumeBatches=%s, frameTime=%" PRId64,
-             mChannel->getName().c_str(), toString(consumeBatches), frameTime);
-
-    *outSeq = 0;
-    *outEvent = nullptr;
-
-    // Fetch the next input message.
-    // Loop until an event can be returned or no additional events are received.
-    while (!*outEvent) {
-        if (mMsgDeferred) {
-            // mMsg contains a valid input message from the previous call to consume
-            // that has not yet been processed.
-            mMsgDeferred = false;
-        } else {
-            // Receive a fresh message.
-            status_t result = mChannel->receiveMessage(&mMsg);
-            if (result == OK) {
-                const auto [_, inserted] =
-                        mConsumeTimes.emplace(mMsg.header.seq, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC));
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Already have a consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
-                                    mMsg.header.seq);
-
-                // Trace the event processing timeline - event was just read from the socket
-                ATRACE_ASYNC_BEGIN("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/mMsg.header.seq);
-            }
-            if (result) {
-                // Consume the next batched event unless batches are being held for later.
-                if (consumeBatches || result != WOULD_BLOCK) {
-                    result = consumeBatch(factory, frameTime, outSeq, outEvent);
-                    if (*outEvent) {
-                        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-                                 "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed batch event, seq=%u",
-                                 mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                return result;
-            }
-        }
-
-        switch (mMsg.header.type) {
-            case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
-                KeyEvent* keyEvent = factory->createKeyEvent();
-                if (!keyEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-                initializeKeyEvent(keyEvent, &mMsg);
-                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
-                *outEvent = keyEvent;
-                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-                         "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed key event, seq=%u",
-                         mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
-                ssize_t batchIndex = findBatch(mMsg.body.motion.deviceId, mMsg.body.motion.source);
-                if (batchIndex >= 0) {
-                    Batch& batch = mBatches[batchIndex];
-                    if (canAddSample(batch, &mMsg)) {
-                        batch.samples.push_back(mMsg);
-                        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-                                 "channel '%s' consumer ~ appended to batch event",
-                                 mChannel->getName().c_str());
-                        break;
-                    } else if (isPointerEvent(mMsg.body.motion.source) &&
-                               mMsg.body.motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
-                        // No need to process events that we are going to cancel anyways
-                        const size_t count = batch.samples.size();
-                        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                            const InputMessage& msg = batch.samples[i];
-                            sendFinishedSignal(msg.header.seq, false);
-                        }
-                        batch.samples.erase(batch.samples.begin(), batch.samples.begin() + count);
-                        mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + batchIndex);
-                    } else {
-                        // We cannot append to the batch in progress, so we need to consume
-                        // the previous batch right now and defer the new message until later.
-                        mMsgDeferred = true;
-                        status_t result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, batch.samples.size(),
-                                                         outSeq, outEvent);
-                        mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + batchIndex);
-                        if (result) {
-                            return result;
-                        }
-                        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-                                 "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed batch event and "
-                                 "deferred current event, seq=%u",
-                                 mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Start a new batch if needed.
-                if (mMsg.body.motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE ||
-                    mMsg.body.motion.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
-                    Batch batch;
-                    batch.samples.push_back(mMsg);
-                    mBatches.push_back(batch);
-                    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-                             "channel '%s' consumer ~ started batch event",
-                             mChannel->getName().c_str());
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                MotionEvent* motionEvent = factory->createMotionEvent();
-                if (!motionEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-                updateTouchState(mMsg);
-                initializeMotionEvent(motionEvent, &mMsg);
-                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
-                *outEvent = motionEvent;
-
-                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-                         "channel '%s' consumer ~ consumed motion event, seq=%u",
-                         mChannel->getName().c_str(), *outSeq);
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED:
-            case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Consumed a %s message, which should never be seen by "
-                                 "InputConsumer!",
-                                 ftl::enum_string(mMsg.header.type).c_str());
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
-                FocusEvent* focusEvent = factory->createFocusEvent();
-                if (!focusEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-                initializeFocusEvent(focusEvent, &mMsg);
-                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
-                *outEvent = focusEvent;
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
-                CaptureEvent* captureEvent = factory->createCaptureEvent();
-                if (!captureEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-                initializeCaptureEvent(captureEvent, &mMsg);
-                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
-                *outEvent = captureEvent;
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case InputMessage::Type::DRAG: {
-                DragEvent* dragEvent = factory->createDragEvent();
-                if (!dragEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-                initializeDragEvent(dragEvent, &mMsg);
-                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
-                *outEvent = dragEvent;
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
-                TouchModeEvent* touchModeEvent = factory->createTouchModeEvent();
-                if (!touchModeEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-                initializeTouchModeEvent(touchModeEvent, &mMsg);
-                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
-                *outEvent = touchModeEvent;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return OK;
-}
-
-status_t InputConsumer::consumeBatch(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-        nsecs_t frameTime, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
-    status_t result;
-    for (size_t i = mBatches.size(); i > 0; ) {
-        i--;
-        Batch& batch = mBatches[i];
-        if (frameTime < 0) {
-            result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, batch.samples.size(), outSeq, outEvent);
-            mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + i);
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        nsecs_t sampleTime = frameTime;
-        if (mResampleTouch) {
-            sampleTime -= std::chrono::nanoseconds(RESAMPLE_LATENCY).count();
-        }
-        ssize_t split = findSampleNoLaterThan(batch, sampleTime);
-        if (split < 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        result = consumeSamples(factory, batch, split + 1, outSeq, outEvent);
-        const InputMessage* next;
-        if (batch.samples.empty()) {
-            mBatches.erase(mBatches.begin() + i);
-            next = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            next = &batch.samples[0];
-        }
-        if (!result && mResampleTouch) {
-            resampleTouchState(sampleTime, static_cast<MotionEvent*>(*outEvent), next);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    return WOULD_BLOCK;
-}
-
-status_t InputConsumer::consumeSamples(InputEventFactoryInterface* factory,
-        Batch& batch, size_t count, uint32_t* outSeq, InputEvent** outEvent) {
-    MotionEvent* motionEvent = factory->createMotionEvent();
-    if (! motionEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
-
-    uint32_t chain = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        InputMessage& msg = batch.samples[i];
-        updateTouchState(msg);
-        if (i) {
-            SeqChain seqChain;
-            seqChain.seq = msg.header.seq;
-            seqChain.chain = chain;
-            mSeqChains.push_back(seqChain);
-            addSample(motionEvent, &msg);
-        } else {
-            initializeMotionEvent(motionEvent, &msg);
-        }
-        chain = msg.header.seq;
-    }
-    batch.samples.erase(batch.samples.begin(), batch.samples.begin() + count);
-
-    *outSeq = chain;
-    *outEvent = motionEvent;
-    return OK;
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::updateTouchState(InputMessage& msg) {
-    if (!mResampleTouch || !isPointerEvent(msg.body.motion.source)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    int32_t deviceId = msg.body.motion.deviceId;
-    int32_t source = msg.body.motion.source;
-
-    // Update the touch state history to incorporate the new input message.
-    // If the message is in the past relative to the most recently produced resampled
-    // touch, then use the resampled time and coordinates instead.
-    switch (msg.body.motion.action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK) {
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN: {
-        ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
-        if (index < 0) {
-            mTouchStates.push_back({});
-            index = mTouchStates.size() - 1;
-        }
-        TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-        touchState.initialize(deviceId, source);
-        touchState.addHistory(msg);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE: {
-        ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-            touchState.addHistory(msg);
-            rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: {
-        ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-            touchState.lastResample.idBits.clearBit(msg.body.motion.getActionId());
-            rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP: {
-        ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-            rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
-            touchState.lastResample.idBits.clearBit(msg.body.motion.getActionId());
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL: {
-        ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-            rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL: {
-        ssize_t index = findTouchState(deviceId, source);
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-            rewriteMessage(touchState, msg);
-            mTouchStates.erase(mTouchStates.begin() + index);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Replace the coordinates in msg with the coordinates in lastResample, if necessary.
- *
- * If lastResample is no longer valid for a specific pointer (i.e. the lastResample time
- * is in the past relative to msg and the past two events do not contain identical coordinates),
- * then invalidate the lastResample data for that pointer.
- * If the two past events have identical coordinates, then lastResample data for that pointer will
- * remain valid, and will be used to replace these coordinates. Thus, if a certain coordinate x0 is
- * resampled to the new value x1, then x1 will always be used to replace x0 until some new value
- * not equal to x0 is received.
- */
-void InputConsumer::rewriteMessage(TouchState& state, InputMessage& msg) {
-    nsecs_t eventTime = msg.body.motion.eventTime;
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < msg.body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
-        uint32_t id = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].properties.id;
-        if (state.lastResample.idBits.hasBit(id)) {
-            if (eventTime < state.lastResample.eventTime ||
-                    state.recentCoordinatesAreIdentical(id)) {
-                PointerCoords& msgCoords = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords;
-                const PointerCoords& resampleCoords = state.lastResample.getPointerById(id);
-                ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "[%d] - rewrite (%0.3f, %0.3f), old (%0.3f, %0.3f)", id,
-                         resampleCoords.getX(), resampleCoords.getY(), msgCoords.getX(),
-                         msgCoords.getY());
-                msgCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, resampleCoords.getX());
-                msgCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, resampleCoords.getY());
-                msgCoords.isResampled = true;
-            } else {
-                state.lastResample.idBits.clearBit(id);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::resampleTouchState(nsecs_t sampleTime, MotionEvent* event,
-    const InputMessage* next) {
-    if (!mResampleTouch
-            || !(isPointerEvent(event->getSource()))
-            || event->getAction() != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ssize_t index = findTouchState(event->getDeviceId(), event->getSource());
-    if (index < 0) {
-        ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, no touch state for device.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[index];
-    if (touchState.historySize < 1) {
-        ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, no history for device.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Ensure that the current sample has all of the pointers that need to be reported.
-    const History* current = touchState.getHistory(0);
-    size_t pointerCount = event->getPointerCount();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        uint32_t id = event->getPointerId(i);
-        if (!current->idBits.hasBit(id)) {
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, missing id %d", id);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Find the data to use for resampling.
-    const History* other;
-    History future;
-    float alpha;
-    if (next) {
-        // Interpolate between current sample and future sample.
-        // So current->eventTime <= sampleTime <= future.eventTime.
-        future.initializeFrom(*next);
-        other = &future;
-        nsecs_t delta = future.eventTime - current->eventTime;
-        if (delta < RESAMPLE_MIN_DELTA) {
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, delta time is too small: %" PRId64 " ns.",
-                     delta);
-            return;
-        }
-        alpha = float(sampleTime - current->eventTime) / delta;
-    } else if (touchState.historySize >= 2) {
-        // Extrapolate future sample using current sample and past sample.
-        // So other->eventTime <= current->eventTime <= sampleTime.
-        other = touchState.getHistory(1);
-        nsecs_t delta = current->eventTime - other->eventTime;
-        if (delta < RESAMPLE_MIN_DELTA) {
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, delta time is too small: %" PRId64 " ns.",
-                     delta);
-            return;
-        } else if (delta > RESAMPLE_MAX_DELTA) {
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, delta time is too large: %" PRId64 " ns.",
-                     delta);
-            return;
-        }
-        nsecs_t maxPredict = current->eventTime + min(delta / 2, RESAMPLE_MAX_PREDICTION);
-        if (sampleTime > maxPredict) {
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(),
-                     "Sample time is too far in the future, adjusting prediction "
-                     "from %" PRId64 " to %" PRId64 " ns.",
-                     sampleTime - current->eventTime, maxPredict - current->eventTime);
-            sampleTime = maxPredict;
-        }
-        alpha = float(current->eventTime - sampleTime) / delta;
-    } else {
-        ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "Not resampled, insufficient data.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (current->eventTime == sampleTime) {
-        // Prevents having 2 events with identical times and coordinates.
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Resample touch coordinates.
-    History oldLastResample;
-    oldLastResample.initializeFrom(touchState.lastResample);
-    touchState.lastResample.eventTime = sampleTime;
-    touchState.lastResample.idBits.clear();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        uint32_t id = event->getPointerId(i);
-        touchState.lastResample.idToIndex[id] = i;
-        touchState.lastResample.idBits.markBit(id);
-        if (oldLastResample.hasPointerId(id) && touchState.recentCoordinatesAreIdentical(id)) {
-            // We maintain the previously resampled value for this pointer (stored in
-            // oldLastResample) when the coordinates for this pointer haven't changed since then.
-            // This way we don't introduce artificial jitter when pointers haven't actually moved.
-            // The isResampled flag isn't cleared as the values don't reflect what the device is
-            // actually reporting.
-
-            // We know here that the coordinates for the pointer haven't changed because we
-            // would've cleared the resampled bit in rewriteMessage if they had. We can't modify
-            // lastResample in place becasue the mapping from pointer ID to index may have changed.
-            touchState.lastResample.pointers[i] = oldLastResample.getPointerById(id);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        PointerCoords& resampledCoords = touchState.lastResample.pointers[i];
-        const PointerCoords& currentCoords = current->getPointerById(id);
-        resampledCoords = currentCoords;
-        resampledCoords.isResampled = true;
-        if (other->idBits.hasBit(id) && shouldResampleTool(event->getToolType(i))) {
-            const PointerCoords& otherCoords = other->getPointerById(id);
-            resampledCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
-                                         lerp(currentCoords.getX(), otherCoords.getX(), alpha));
-            resampledCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
-                                         lerp(currentCoords.getY(), otherCoords.getY(), alpha));
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(),
-                     "[%d] - out (%0.3f, %0.3f), cur (%0.3f, %0.3f), "
-                     "other (%0.3f, %0.3f), alpha %0.3f",
-                     id, resampledCoords.getX(), resampledCoords.getY(), currentCoords.getX(),
-                     currentCoords.getY(), otherCoords.getX(), otherCoords.getY(), alpha);
-        } else {
-            ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(), "[%d] - out (%0.3f, %0.3f), cur (%0.3f, %0.3f)", id,
-                     resampledCoords.getX(), resampledCoords.getY(), currentCoords.getX(),
-                     currentCoords.getY());
-        }
-    }
-
-    event->addSample(sampleTime, touchState.lastResample.pointers);
-}
-
-status_t InputConsumer::sendFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled) {
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-             "channel '%s' consumer ~ sendFinishedSignal: seq=%u, handled=%s",
-             mChannel->getName().c_str(), seq, toString(handled));
-
-    if (!seq) {
-        ALOGE("Attempted to send a finished signal with sequence number 0.");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    // Send finished signals for the batch sequence chain first.
-    size_t seqChainCount = mSeqChains.size();
-    if (seqChainCount) {
-        uint32_t currentSeq = seq;
-        uint32_t chainSeqs[seqChainCount];
-        size_t chainIndex = 0;
-        for (size_t i = seqChainCount; i > 0; ) {
-             i--;
-             const SeqChain& seqChain = mSeqChains[i];
-             if (seqChain.seq == currentSeq) {
-                 currentSeq = seqChain.chain;
-                 chainSeqs[chainIndex++] = currentSeq;
-                 mSeqChains.erase(mSeqChains.begin() + i);
-             }
-        }
-        status_t status = OK;
-        while (!status && chainIndex > 0) {
-            chainIndex--;
-            status = sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(chainSeqs[chainIndex], handled);
-        }
-        if (status) {
-            // An error occurred so at least one signal was not sent, reconstruct the chain.
-            for (;;) {
-                SeqChain seqChain;
-                seqChain.seq = chainIndex != 0 ? chainSeqs[chainIndex - 1] : seq;
-                seqChain.chain = chainSeqs[chainIndex];
-                mSeqChains.push_back(seqChain);
-                if (!chainIndex) break;
-                chainIndex--;
-            }
-            return status;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Send finished signal for the last message in the batch.
-    return sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(seq, handled);
-}
-
-status_t InputConsumer::sendTimeline(int32_t inputEventId,
-                                     std::array<nsecs_t, GraphicsTimeline::SIZE> graphicsTimeline) {
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TRANSPORT_CONSUMER,
-             "channel '%s' consumer ~ sendTimeline: inputEventId=%" PRId32
-             ", gpuCompletedTime=%" PRId64 ", presentTime=%" PRId64,
-             mChannel->getName().c_str(), inputEventId,
-             graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME],
-             graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME]);
-
-    InputMessage msg;
-    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE;
-    msg.header.seq = 0;
-    msg.body.timeline.eventId = inputEventId;
-    msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline = std::move(graphicsTimeline);
-    return mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
-}
-
-nsecs_t InputConsumer::getConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) const {
-    auto it = mConsumeTimes.find(seq);
-    // Consume time will be missing if either 'finishInputEvent' is called twice, or if it was
-    // called for the wrong (synthetic?) input event. Either way, it is a bug that should be fixed.
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mConsumeTimes.end(), "Could not find consume time for seq=%" PRIu32,
-                        seq);
-    return it->second;
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::popConsumeTime(uint32_t seq) {
-    mConsumeTimes.erase(seq);
-}
-
-status_t InputConsumer::sendUnchainedFinishedSignal(uint32_t seq, bool handled) {
-    InputMessage msg;
-    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::FINISHED;
-    msg.header.seq = seq;
-    msg.body.finished.handled = handled;
-    msg.body.finished.consumeTime = getConsumeTime(seq);
-    status_t result = mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
-    if (result == OK) {
-        // Remove the consume time if the socket write succeeded. We will not need to ack this
-        // message anymore. If the socket write did not succeed, we will try again and will still
-        // need consume time.
-        popConsumeTime(seq);
-
-        // Trace the event processing timeline - event was just finished
-        ATRACE_ASYNC_END("InputConsumer processing", /*cookie=*/seq);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-bool InputConsumer::hasPendingBatch() const {
-    return !mBatches.empty();
-}
-
-int32_t InputConsumer::getPendingBatchSource() const {
-    if (mBatches.empty()) {
-        return AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_NONE;
-    }
-
-    const Batch& batch = mBatches[0];
-    const InputMessage& head = batch.samples[0];
-    return head.body.motion.source;
-}
-
-bool InputConsumer::probablyHasInput() const {
-    return hasPendingBatch() || mChannel->probablyHasInput();
-}
-
-ssize_t InputConsumer::findBatch(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mBatches.size(); i++) {
-        const Batch& batch = mBatches[i];
-        const InputMessage& head = batch.samples[0];
-        if (head.body.motion.deviceId == deviceId && head.body.motion.source == source) {
-            return i;
-        }
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-ssize_t InputConsumer::findTouchState(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source) const {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mTouchStates.size(); i++) {
-        const TouchState& touchState = mTouchStates[i];
-        if (touchState.deviceId == deviceId && touchState.source == source) {
-            return i;
-        }
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::initializeKeyEvent(KeyEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    event->initialize(msg->body.key.eventId, msg->body.key.deviceId, msg->body.key.source,
-                      msg->body.key.displayId, msg->body.key.hmac, msg->body.key.action,
-                      msg->body.key.flags, msg->body.key.keyCode, msg->body.key.scanCode,
-                      msg->body.key.metaState, msg->body.key.repeatCount, msg->body.key.downTime,
-                      msg->body.key.eventTime);
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::initializeFocusEvent(FocusEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    event->initialize(msg->body.focus.eventId, msg->body.focus.hasFocus);
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::initializeCaptureEvent(CaptureEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    event->initialize(msg->body.capture.eventId, msg->body.capture.pointerCaptureEnabled);
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::initializeDragEvent(DragEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    event->initialize(msg->body.drag.eventId, msg->body.drag.x, msg->body.drag.y,
-                      msg->body.drag.isExiting);
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::initializeMotionEvent(MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    uint32_t pointerCount = msg->body.motion.pointerCount;
-    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
-    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        pointerProperties[i] = msg->body.motion.pointers[i].properties;
-        pointerCoords[i] = msg->body.motion.pointers[i].coords;
-    }
-
-    ui::Transform transform;
-    transform.set({msg->body.motion.dsdx, msg->body.motion.dtdx, msg->body.motion.tx,
-                   msg->body.motion.dtdy, msg->body.motion.dsdy, msg->body.motion.ty, 0, 0, 1});
-    ui::Transform displayTransform;
-    displayTransform.set({msg->body.motion.dsdxRaw, msg->body.motion.dtdxRaw,
-                          msg->body.motion.txRaw, msg->body.motion.dtdyRaw,
-                          msg->body.motion.dsdyRaw, msg->body.motion.tyRaw, 0, 0, 1});
-    event->initialize(msg->body.motion.eventId, msg->body.motion.deviceId, msg->body.motion.source,
-                      msg->body.motion.displayId, msg->body.motion.hmac, msg->body.motion.action,
-                      msg->body.motion.actionButton, msg->body.motion.flags,
-                      msg->body.motion.edgeFlags, msg->body.motion.metaState,
-                      msg->body.motion.buttonState, msg->body.motion.classification, transform,
-                      msg->body.motion.xPrecision, msg->body.motion.yPrecision,
-                      msg->body.motion.xCursorPosition, msg->body.motion.yCursorPosition,
-                      displayTransform, msg->body.motion.downTime, msg->body.motion.eventTime,
-                      pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::initializeTouchModeEvent(TouchModeEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    event->initialize(msg->body.touchMode.eventId, msg->body.touchMode.isInTouchMode);
-}
-
-void InputConsumer::addSample(MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    uint32_t pointerCount = msg->body.motion.pointerCount;
-    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        pointerCoords[i] = msg->body.motion.pointers[i].coords;
-    }
-
-    event->setMetaState(event->getMetaState() | msg->body.motion.metaState);
-    event->addSample(msg->body.motion.eventTime, pointerCoords);
-}
-
-bool InputConsumer::canAddSample(const Batch& batch, const InputMessage *msg) {
-    const InputMessage& head = batch.samples[0];
-    uint32_t pointerCount = msg->body.motion.pointerCount;
-    if (head.body.motion.pointerCount != pointerCount
-            || head.body.motion.action != msg->body.motion.action) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        if (head.body.motion.pointers[i].properties
-                != msg->body.motion.pointers[i].properties) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-ssize_t InputConsumer::findSampleNoLaterThan(const Batch& batch, nsecs_t time) {
-    size_t numSamples = batch.samples.size();
-    size_t index = 0;
-    while (index < numSamples && batch.samples[index].body.motion.eventTime <= time) {
-        index += 1;
-    }
-    return ssize_t(index) - 1;
-}
-
-std::string InputConsumer::dump() const {
-    std::string out;
-    out = out + "mResampleTouch = " + toString(mResampleTouch) + "\n";
-    out = out + "mChannel = " + mChannel->getName() + "\n";
-    out = out + "mMsgDeferred: " + toString(mMsgDeferred) + "\n";
-    if (mMsgDeferred) {
-        out = out + "mMsg : " + ftl::enum_string(mMsg.header.type) + "\n";
-    }
-    out += "Batches:\n";
-    for (const Batch& batch : mBatches) {
-        out += "    Batch:\n";
-        for (const InputMessage& msg : batch.samples) {
-            out += android::base::StringPrintf("        Message %" PRIu32 ": %s ", msg.header.seq,
-                                               ftl::enum_string(msg.header.type).c_str());
-            switch (msg.header.type) {
-                case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("action=%s keycode=%" PRId32,
-                                                       KeyEvent::actionToString(
-                                                               msg.body.key.action),
-                                                       msg.body.key.keyCode);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
-                    out = out + "action=" + MotionEvent::actionToString(msg.body.motion.action);
-                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < msg.body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
-                        const float x = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords.getX();
-                        const float y = msg.body.motion.pointers[i].coords.getY();
-                        out += android::base::StringPrintf("\n            Pointer %" PRIu32
-                                                           " : x=%.1f y=%.1f",
-                                                           i, x, y);
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::FINISHED: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("handled=%s, consumeTime=%" PRId64,
-                                                       toString(msg.body.finished.handled),
-                                                       msg.body.finished.consumeTime);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("hasFocus=%s",
-                                                       toString(msg.body.focus.hasFocus));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("hasCapture=%s",
-                                                       toString(msg.body.capture
-                                                                        .pointerCaptureEnabled));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::DRAG: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("x=%.1f y=%.1f, isExiting=%s",
-                                                       msg.body.drag.x, msg.body.drag.y,
-                                                       toString(msg.body.drag.isExiting));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
-                    const nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime =
-                            msg.body.timeline
-                                    .graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME];
-                    const nsecs_t presentTime =
-                            msg.body.timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME];
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("inputEventId=%" PRId32
-                                                       ", gpuCompletedTime=%" PRId64
-                                                       ", presentTime=%" PRId64,
-                                                       msg.body.timeline.eventId, gpuCompletedTime,
-                                                       presentTime);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("isInTouchMode=%s",
-                                                       toString(msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode));
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            out += "\n";
-        }
-    }
-    if (mBatches.empty()) {
-        out += "    <empty>\n";
-    }
-    out += "mSeqChains:\n";
-    for (const SeqChain& chain : mSeqChains) {
-        out += android::base::StringPrintf("    chain: seq = %" PRIu32 " chain=%" PRIu32, chain.seq,
-                                           chain.chain);
-    }
-    if (mSeqChains.empty()) {
-        out += "    <empty>\n";
-    }
-    out += "mConsumeTimes:\n";
-    for (const auto& [seq, consumeTime] : mConsumeTimes) {
-        out += android::base::StringPrintf("    seq = %" PRIu32 " consumeTime = %" PRId64, seq,
-                                           consumeTime);
-    }
-    if (mConsumeTimes.empty()) {
-        out += "    <empty>\n";
-    }
-    return out;
-}
-
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/MotionPredictorMetricsManager.cpp b/libs/input/MotionPredictorMetricsManager.cpp
index 0412d08..6872af2 100644
--- a/libs/input/MotionPredictorMetricsManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/MotionPredictorMetricsManager.cpp
@@ -113,7 +113,12 @@
 // Adds new predictions to mRecentPredictions and maintains the invariant that elements are
 // sorted in ascending order of targetTimestamp.
 void MotionPredictorMetricsManager::onPredict(const MotionEvent& predictionEvent) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < predictionEvent.getHistorySize() + 1; ++i) {
+    const size_t numPredictions = predictionEvent.getHistorySize() + 1;
+    if (numPredictions > mMaxNumPredictions) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "numPredictions (" << numPredictions << ") > mMaxNumPredictions ("
+                     << mMaxNumPredictions << "). Ignoring extra predictions in metrics.";
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; (i < numPredictions) && (i < mMaxNumPredictions); ++i) {
         // Convert MotionEvent to PredictionPoint.
         const PointerCoords* coords =
                 predictionEvent.getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(/*pointerIndex=*/0, i);
@@ -325,42 +330,44 @@
             mAtomFields[i].highVelocityOffTrajectoryRmse =
                     static_cast<int>(offTrajectoryRmse * 1000);
         }
+    }
 
-        // Scale-invariant errors: reported only for the last time bucket, where the values
-        // represent an average across all time buckets.
-        if (i + 1 == mMaxNumPredictions) {
-            // Compute error averages.
-            float alongTrajectoryRmseSum = 0;
-            float offTrajectoryRmseSum = 0;
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < mAggregatedMetrics.size(); ++j) {
-                // If we have general errors (checked above), we should always also have
-                // scale-invariant errors.
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantErrorsCount == 0,
-                                    "mAggregatedMetrics[%zu].scaleInvariantErrorsCount is 0", j);
-
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse < 0,
-                                    "mAggregatedMetrics[%zu].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse = %f "
-                                    "should not be negative",
-                                    j, mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse);
-                alongTrajectoryRmseSum +=
-                        std::sqrt(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse /
-                                  mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantErrorsCount);
-
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse < 0,
-                                    "mAggregatedMetrics[%zu].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse = %f "
-                                    "should not be negative",
-                                    j, mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse);
-                offTrajectoryRmseSum +=
-                        std::sqrt(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse /
-                                  mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantErrorsCount);
+    // Scale-invariant errors: the average scale-invariant error across all time buckets
+    // is reported in the last time bucket.
+    {
+        // Compute error averages.
+        float alongTrajectoryRmseSum = 0;
+        float offTrajectoryRmseSum = 0;
+        int bucket_count = 0;
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < mAggregatedMetrics.size(); ++j) {
+            if (mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantErrorsCount == 0) {
+                continue;
             }
 
-            const float averageAlongTrajectoryRmse =
-                    alongTrajectoryRmseSum / mAggregatedMetrics.size();
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse < 0,
+                                "mAggregatedMetrics[%zu].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse = %f "
+                                "should not be negative",
+                                j, mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse);
+            alongTrajectoryRmseSum +=
+                    std::sqrt(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantAlongTrajectorySse /
+                              mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantErrorsCount);
+
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse < 0,
+                                "mAggregatedMetrics[%zu].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse = %f "
+                                "should not be negative",
+                                j, mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse);
+            offTrajectoryRmseSum += std::sqrt(mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantOffTrajectorySse /
+                                              mAggregatedMetrics[j].scaleInvariantErrorsCount);
+
+            ++bucket_count;
+        }
+
+        if (bucket_count > 0) {
+            const float averageAlongTrajectoryRmse = alongTrajectoryRmseSum / bucket_count;
             mAtomFields.back().scaleInvariantAlongTrajectoryRmse =
                     static_cast<int>(averageAlongTrajectoryRmse * 1000);
 
-            const float averageOffTrajectoryRmse = offTrajectoryRmseSum / mAggregatedMetrics.size();
+            const float averageOffTrajectoryRmse = offTrajectoryRmseSum / bucket_count;
             mAtomFields.back().scaleInvariantOffTrajectoryRmse =
                     static_cast<int>(averageOffTrajectoryRmse * 1000);
         }
diff --git a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
index bdec5c3..b48b0fb 100644
--- a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
+++ b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "override_key_behavior_permission_apis"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "input"
   description: "enable override key behavior permission APIs"
   bug: "309018874"
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "input_device_view_behavior_api"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "input"
   description: "Controls the API to provide InputDevice view behavior."
   bug: "246946631"
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/Android.bp b/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
index 0485ff6..e67a65a 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
     cpp_std: "c++20",
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
+        "BlockingQueue_test.cpp",
         "IdGenerator_test.cpp",
         "InputChannel_test.cpp",
         "InputDevice_test.cpp",
         "InputEvent_test.cpp",
         "InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp",
+        "InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp",
         "InputVerifier_test.cpp",
         "MotionPredictor_test.cpp",
         "MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/BlockingQueue_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/BlockingQueue_test.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from services/inputflinger/tests/BlockingQueue_test.cpp
rename to libs/input/tests/BlockingQueue_test.cpp
index 754a5c4..924b937 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/BlockingQueue_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/BlockingQueue_test.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "../BlockingQueue.h"
-
+#include <input/BlockingQueue.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <thread>
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@
     BlockingQueue<int> queue(capacity);
 
     // Fill queue from a different thread
-    std::thread fillQueue([&queue](){
+    std::thread fillQueue([&queue]() {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
             ASSERT_TRUE(queue.push(static_cast<int>(i)));
         }
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@
     std::atomic_bool hasReceivedElement = false;
 
     // fill queue from a different thread
-    std::thread waitUntilHasElements([&queue, &hasReceivedElement](){
+    std::thread waitUntilHasElements([&queue, &hasReceivedElement]() {
         queue.pop(); // This should block until an element has been added
         hasReceivedElement = true;
     });
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp
index 60feb53..02d4c07 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 #include <array>
 
-#include "TestHelpers.h"
-
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <errno.h>
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
index a965573..0df06b7 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/constants.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
+#include <input/InputEventBuilders.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -31,6 +32,18 @@
 
 static constexpr float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
 
+static constexpr auto POINTER_0_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (0 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+static constexpr auto POINTER_1_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+static constexpr auto POINTER_0_UP =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP | (0 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+static constexpr auto POINTER_1_UP =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
 class BaseTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 32> HMAC = {0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,
@@ -358,8 +371,10 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY, event->getButtonState());
     ASSERT_EQ(MotionClassification::NONE, event->getClassification());
     EXPECT_EQ(mTransform, event->getTransform());
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET, event->getXOffset());
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET, event->getYOffset());
+    ASSERT_NEAR((-RAW_X_OFFSET / RAW_X_SCALE) * X_SCALE + X_OFFSET, event->getRawXOffset(),
+                EPSILON);
+    ASSERT_NEAR((-RAW_Y_OFFSET / RAW_Y_SCALE) * Y_SCALE + Y_OFFSET, event->getRawYOffset(),
+                EPSILON);
     ASSERT_EQ(2.0f, event->getXPrecision());
     ASSERT_EQ(2.1f, event->getYPrecision());
     ASSERT_EQ(ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME, event->getDownTime());
@@ -554,25 +569,168 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(event.getX(0), copy.getX(0));
 }
 
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, SplitPointerDown) {
+    MotionEvent event = MotionEventBuilder(POINTER_1_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                                .downTime(ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME)
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/4, ToolType::FINGER).x(4).y(4))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/6, ToolType::FINGER).x(6).y(6))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/8, ToolType::FINGER).x(8).y(8))
+                                .build();
+
+    MotionEvent splitDown;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitDownIds{};
+    splitDownIds.set(6, true);
+    splitDown.splitFrom(event, splitDownIds, /*eventId=*/42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitDown.getAction(), AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitDown.getPointerCount(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitDown.getPointerId(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitDown.getX(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitDown.getY(0), 6);
+
+    MotionEvent splitPointerDown;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitPointerDownIds{};
+    splitPointerDownIds.set(6, true);
+    splitPointerDownIds.set(8, true);
+    splitPointerDown.splitFrom(event, splitPointerDownIds, /*eventId=*/42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getAction(), POINTER_0_DOWN);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getPointerCount(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getPointerId(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getX(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getY(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getPointerId(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getX(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerDown.getY(1), 8);
+
+    MotionEvent splitMove;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitMoveIds{};
+    splitMoveIds.set(4, true);
+    splitMove.splitFrom(event, splitMoveIds, /*eventId=*/43);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getAction(), AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerCount(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerId(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getX(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getY(0), 4);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, SplitPointerUp) {
+    MotionEvent event = MotionEventBuilder(POINTER_0_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                                .downTime(ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME)
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/4, ToolType::FINGER).x(4).y(4))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/6, ToolType::FINGER).x(6).y(6))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/8, ToolType::FINGER).x(8).y(8))
+                                .build();
+
+    MotionEvent splitUp;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitUpIds{};
+    splitUpIds.set(4, true);
+    splitUp.splitFrom(event, splitUpIds, /*eventId=*/42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getAction(), AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getPointerCount(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getPointerId(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getX(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getY(0), 4);
+
+    MotionEvent splitPointerUp;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitPointerUpIds{};
+    splitPointerUpIds.set(4, true);
+    splitPointerUpIds.set(8, true);
+    splitPointerUp.splitFrom(event, splitPointerUpIds, /*eventId=*/42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getAction(), POINTER_0_UP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getPointerCount(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getPointerId(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getX(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getY(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getPointerId(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getX(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitPointerUp.getY(1), 8);
+
+    MotionEvent splitMove;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitMoveIds{};
+    splitMoveIds.set(6, true);
+    splitMoveIds.set(8, true);
+    splitMove.splitFrom(event, splitMoveIds, /*eventId=*/43);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getAction(), AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerCount(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerId(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getX(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getY(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerId(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getX(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getY(1), 8);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, SplitPointerUpCancel) {
+    MotionEvent event = MotionEventBuilder(POINTER_1_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                                .downTime(ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME)
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/4, ToolType::FINGER).x(4).y(4))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/6, ToolType::FINGER).x(6).y(6))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/8, ToolType::FINGER).x(8).y(8))
+                                .addFlag(AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED)
+                                .build();
+
+    MotionEvent splitUp;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitUpIds{};
+    splitUpIds.set(6, true);
+    splitUp.splitFrom(event, splitUpIds, /*eventId=*/42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getAction(), AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getPointerCount(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getPointerId(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getX(0), 6);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitUp.getY(0), 6);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, SplitPointerMove) {
+    MotionEvent event = MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                                .downTime(ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME)
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/4, ToolType::FINGER).x(4).y(4))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/6, ToolType::FINGER).x(6).y(6))
+                                .pointer(PointerBuilder(/*id=*/8, ToolType::FINGER).x(8).y(8))
+                                .transform(ui::Transform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 100, 100))
+                                .rawTransform(ui::Transform(ui::Transform::FLIP_H, 50, 50))
+                                .build();
+
+    MotionEvent splitMove;
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> splitMoveIds{};
+    splitMoveIds.set(4, true);
+    splitMoveIds.set(8, true);
+    splitMove.splitFrom(event, splitMoveIds, /*eventId=*/42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getAction(), AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerCount(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerId(0), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getX(0), event.getX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getY(0), event.getY(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getRawX(0), event.getRawX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getRawY(0), event.getRawY(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getPointerId(1), 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getX(1), event.getX(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getY(1), event.getY(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getRawX(1), event.getRawX(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(splitMove.getRawY(1), event.getRawY(2));
+}
+
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, OffsetLocation) {
     MotionEvent event;
     initializeEventWithHistory(&event);
+    const float xOffset = event.getRawXOffset();
+    const float yOffset = event.getRawYOffset();
 
     event.offsetLocation(5.0f, -2.0f);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 5.0f, event.getXOffset());
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET - 2.0f, event.getYOffset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(xOffset + 5.0f, event.getRawXOffset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(yOffset - 2.0f, event.getRawYOffset());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, Scale) {
     MotionEvent event;
     initializeEventWithHistory(&event);
     const float unscaledOrientation = event.getOrientation(0);
+    const float unscaledXOffset = event.getRawXOffset();
+    const float unscaledYOffset = event.getRawYOffset();
 
     event.scale(2.0f);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET * 2, event.getXOffset());
-    ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET * 2, event.getYOffset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(unscaledXOffset * 2, event.getRawXOffset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(unscaledYOffset * 2, event.getRawYOffset());
 
     ASSERT_NEAR((RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawX(0), EPSILON);
     ASSERT_NEAR((RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawY(0), EPSILON);
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6593497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResampling_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <attestation/HmacKeyManager.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/constants.h>
+#include <input/BlockingQueue.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumerNoResampling.h>
+#include <input/InputTransport.h>
+
+using android::base::Result;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+static constexpr float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
+static constexpr int32_t ACTION_MOVE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
+static constexpr int32_t POINTER_1_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+static constexpr int32_t POINTER_2_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (2 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+static auto constexpr TIMEOUT = 5s;
+
+struct Pointer {
+    int32_t id;
+    float x;
+    float y;
+    bool isResampled = false;
+};
+
+// A collection of arguments to be sent as publishMotionEvent(). The saved members of this struct
+// allow to check the expectations against the event acquired from the InputConsumerCallbacks. To
+// help simplify expectation checking it carries members not present in MotionEvent, like
+// |rawXScale|.
+struct PublishMotionArgs {
+    const int32_t action;
+    const nsecs_t downTime;
+    const uint32_t seq;
+    const int32_t eventId;
+    const int32_t deviceId = 1;
+    const uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
+    const int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    const int32_t actionButton = 0;
+    const int32_t edgeFlags = AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP;
+    const int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
+    const int32_t buttonState = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
+    const MotionClassification classification = MotionClassification::AMBIGUOUS_GESTURE;
+    const float xScale = 2;
+    const float yScale = 3;
+    const float xOffset = -10;
+    const float yOffset = -20;
+    const float rawXScale = 4;
+    const float rawYScale = -5;
+    const float rawXOffset = -11;
+    const float rawYOffset = 42;
+    const float xPrecision = 0.25;
+    const float yPrecision = 0.5;
+    const float xCursorPosition = 1.3;
+    const float yCursorPosition = 50.6;
+    std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac;
+    int32_t flags;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
+    const nsecs_t eventTime;
+    size_t pointerCount;
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+
+    PublishMotionArgs(int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime, const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers,
+                      const uint32_t seq);
+};
+
+PublishMotionArgs::PublishMotionArgs(int32_t inAction, nsecs_t inDownTime,
+                                     const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers, const uint32_t inSeq)
+      : action(inAction),
+        downTime(inDownTime),
+        seq(inSeq),
+        eventId(InputEvent::nextId()),
+        eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)) {
+    hmac = {0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+            16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+
+    flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
+    if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+        flags |= AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED;
+    }
+    pointerCount = pointers.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties.push_back({});
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerProperties[i].id = pointers[i].id;
+        pointerProperties[i].toolType = ToolType::FINGER;
+
+        pointerCoords.push_back({});
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].isResampled = pointers[i].isResampled;
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, pointers[i].x);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, pointers[i].y);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 0.5 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 0.7 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 1.5 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, 1.7 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 2.5 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, 2.7 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 3.5 * i);
+    }
+    transform.set({xScale, 0, xOffset, 0, yScale, yOffset, 0, 0, 1});
+    rawTransform.set({rawXScale, 0, rawXOffset, 0, rawYScale, rawYOffset, 0, 0, 1});
+}
+
+// Checks expectations against |motionEvent| acquired from an InputConsumer. Floating point
+// comparisons limit precision to EPSILON.
+void verifyArgsEqualToEvent(const PublishMotionArgs& args, const MotionEvent& motionEvent) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.eventId, motionEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.deviceId, motionEvent.getDeviceId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.source, motionEvent.getSource());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.displayId, motionEvent.getDisplayId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.hmac, motionEvent.getHmac());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.action, motionEvent.getAction());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.downTime, motionEvent.getDownTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.flags, motionEvent.getFlags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.edgeFlags, motionEvent.getEdgeFlags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.metaState, motionEvent.getMetaState());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.buttonState, motionEvent.getButtonState());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.classification, motionEvent.getClassification());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.transform, motionEvent.getTransform());
+    EXPECT_NEAR((-args.rawXOffset / args.rawXScale) * args.xScale + args.xOffset,
+                motionEvent.getRawXOffset(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR((-args.rawYOffset / args.rawYScale) * args.yScale + args.yOffset,
+                motionEvent.getRawYOffset(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.xPrecision, motionEvent.getXPrecision());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.yPrecision, motionEvent.getYPrecision());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.xCursorPosition, motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.yCursorPosition, motionEvent.getRawYCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.xCursorPosition * args.xScale + args.xOffset, motionEvent.getXCursorPosition(),
+                EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(args.yCursorPosition * args.yScale + args.yOffset, motionEvent.getYCursorPosition(),
+                EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.rawTransform, motionEvent.getRawTransform());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.eventTime, motionEvent.getEventTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(args.pointerCount, motionEvent.getPointerCount());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, motionEvent.getHistorySize());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.pointerCount; i++) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(i);
+        EXPECT_EQ(args.pointerProperties[i].id, motionEvent.getPointerId(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(args.pointerProperties[i].toolType, motionEvent.getToolType(i));
+
+        const auto& pc = args.pointerCoords[i];
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc, motionEvent.getSamplePointerCoords()[i]);
+
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getX() * args.rawXScale + args.rawXOffset, motionEvent.getRawX(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getY() * args.rawYScale + args.rawYOffset, motionEvent.getRawY(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getX() * args.xScale + args.xOffset, motionEvent.getX(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(pc.getY() * args.yScale + args.yOffset, motionEvent.getY(i), EPSILON);
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE), motionEvent.getPressure(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE), motionEvent.getSize(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR), motionEvent.getTouchMajor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR), motionEvent.getTouchMinor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR), motionEvent.getToolMajor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR), motionEvent.getToolMinor(i));
+
+        // Calculate the orientation after scaling, keeping in mind that an orientation of 0 is
+        // "up", and the positive y direction is "down".
+        const float unscaledOrientation = pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION);
+        const float x = sinf(unscaledOrientation) * args.xScale;
+        const float y = -cosf(unscaledOrientation) * args.yScale;
+        EXPECT_EQ(atan2f(x, -y), motionEvent.getOrientation(i));
+    }
+}
+
+void publishMotionEvent(InputPublisher& publisher, const PublishMotionArgs& a) {
+    status_t status =
+            publisher.publishMotionEvent(a.seq, a.eventId, a.deviceId, a.source, a.displayId,
+                                         a.hmac, a.action, a.actionButton, a.flags, a.edgeFlags,
+                                         a.metaState, a.buttonState, a.classification, a.transform,
+                                         a.xPrecision, a.yPrecision, a.xCursorPosition,
+                                         a.yCursorPosition, a.rawTransform, a.downTime, a.eventTime,
+                                         a.pointerCount, a.pointerProperties.data(),
+                                         a.pointerCoords.data());
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return OK";
+}
+
+Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> receiveConsumerResponse(
+        InputPublisher& publisher, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
+    const std::chrono::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    while (true) {
+        Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = publisher.receiveConsumerResponse();
+        if (result.ok()) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        const std::chrono::duration waited = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
+        if (waited > timeout) {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void verifyFinishedSignal(InputPublisher& publisher, uint32_t seq, nsecs_t publishTime) {
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = receiveConsumerResponse(publisher, TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok()) << "receiveConsumerResponse returned " << result.error().message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<InputPublisher::Finished>(*result));
+    const InputPublisher::Finished& finish = std::get<InputPublisher::Finished>(*result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(seq, finish.seq)
+            << "receiveConsumerResponse should have returned the original sequence number";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(finish.handled)
+            << "receiveConsumerResponse should have set handled to consumer's reply";
+    ASSERT_GE(finish.consumeTime, publishTime)
+            << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+class InputConsumerMessageHandler : public MessageHandler {
+public:
+    InputConsumerMessageHandler(std::function<void(const Message&)> function)
+          : mFunction(function) {}
+
+private:
+    void handleMessage(const Message& message) override { mFunction(message); }
+
+    std::function<void(const Message&)> mFunction;
+};
+
+class InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest : public testing::Test,
+                                                  public InputConsumerCallbacks {
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> mClientChannel;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputPublisher> mPublisher;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputConsumerNoResampling> mConsumer;
+
+    std::thread mLooperThread;
+    sp<Looper> mLooper = sp<Looper>::make(/*allowNonCallbacks=*/false);
+
+    // LOOPER CONTROL
+    // Set to false when you want the looper to exit
+    std::atomic<bool> mExitLooper = false;
+    std::mutex mLock;
+
+    // Used by test to notify looper that the value of "mLooperMayProceed" has changed
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyLooperMayProceed;
+    bool mLooperMayProceed GUARDED_BY(mLock){true};
+    // Used by looper to notify the test that it's about to block on "mLooperMayProceed" -> true
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyLooperWaiting;
+    bool mLooperIsBlocked GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
+
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyConsumerDestroyed;
+    bool mConsumerDestroyed GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
+
+    void runLooper() {
+        static constexpr int LOOP_INDEFINITELY = -1;
+        Looper::setForThread(mLooper);
+        // Loop forever -- this thread is dedicated to servicing the looper callbacks.
+        while (!mExitLooper) {
+            mLooper->pollOnce(/*timeoutMillis=*/LOOP_INDEFINITELY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> serverChannel;
+        status_t result =
+                InputChannel::openInputChannelPair("channel name", serverChannel, mClientChannel);
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, result);
+
+        mPublisher = std::make_unique<InputPublisher>(std::move(serverChannel));
+        mMessageHandler = sp<InputConsumerMessageHandler>::make(
+                [this](const Message& message) { handleMessage(message); });
+        mLooperThread = std::thread([this] { runLooper(); });
+        sendMessage(LooperMessage::CREATE_CONSUMER);
+    }
+
+    void publishAndConsumeKeyEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionStream();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionDown(nsecs_t downTime);
+    void publishAndConsumeBatchedMotionMove(nsecs_t downTime);
+    void publishAndConsumeFocusEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeDragEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime,
+                                      const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers);
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // Destroy the consumer, flushing any of the pending ack's.
+        sendMessage(LooperMessage::DESTROY_CONSUMER);
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+            base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+            mNotifyConsumerDestroyed.wait(lock, [this] { return mConsumerDestroyed; });
+        }
+        // Stop the looper thread so that we can destroy the object.
+        mExitLooper = true;
+        mLooper->wake();
+        mLooperThread.join();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    // Interaction with the looper thread
+    enum class LooperMessage : int {
+        CALL_PROBABLY_HAS_INPUT,
+        CREATE_CONSUMER,
+        DESTROY_CONSUMER,
+        CALL_REPORT_TIMELINE,
+        BLOCK_LOOPER,
+    };
+    void sendMessage(LooperMessage message);
+    struct ReportTimelineArgs {
+        int32_t inputEventId;
+        nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime;
+        nsecs_t presentTime;
+    };
+    // The input to the function "InputConsumer::reportTimeline". Populated on the test thread and
+    // accessed on the looper thread.
+    BlockingQueue<ReportTimelineArgs> mReportTimelineArgs;
+    // The output of calling "InputConsumer::probablyHasInput()". Populated on the looper thread and
+    // accessed on the test thread.
+    BlockingQueue<bool> mProbablyHasInputResponses;
+
+private:
+    sp<MessageHandler> mMessageHandler;
+    void handleMessage(const Message& message);
+
+    static auto constexpr NO_EVENT_TIMEOUT = 10ms;
+    // The sequence number to use when publishing the next event
+    uint32_t mSeq = 1;
+
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent>> mKeyEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> mMotionEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent>> mFocusEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent>> mCaptureEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<DragEvent>> mDragEvents;
+    BlockingQueue<std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent>> mTouchModeEvents;
+
+    // InputConsumerCallbacks interface
+    void onKeyEvent(std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mKeyEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    }
+    void onMotionEvent(std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mMotionEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    }
+    void onBatchedInputEventPending(int32_t pendingBatchSource) override {
+        if (!mConsumer->probablyHasInput()) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "should deterministically have input because there is a batch";
+        }
+        mConsumer->consumeBatchedInputEvents(std::nullopt);
+    };
+    void onFocusEvent(std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mFocusEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    };
+    void onCaptureEvent(std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mCaptureEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    };
+    void onDragEvent(std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mDragEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    }
+    void onTouchModeEvent(std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event, uint32_t seq) override {
+        mTouchModeEvents.push(std::move(event));
+        mConsumer->finishInputEvent(seq, true);
+    };
+};
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::sendMessage(LooperMessage message) {
+    Message msg{ftl::to_underlying(message)};
+    mLooper->sendMessage(mMessageHandler, msg);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
+    switch (static_cast<LooperMessage>(message.what)) {
+        case LooperMessage::CALL_PROBABLY_HAS_INPUT: {
+            mProbablyHasInputResponses.push(mConsumer->probablyHasInput());
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::CREATE_CONSUMER: {
+            mConsumer = std::make_unique<InputConsumerNoResampling>(std::move(mClientChannel),
+                                                                    mLooper, *this);
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::DESTROY_CONSUMER: {
+            mConsumer = nullptr;
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                mConsumerDestroyed = true;
+            }
+            mNotifyConsumerDestroyed.notify_all();
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::CALL_REPORT_TIMELINE: {
+            std::optional<ReportTimelineArgs> args = mReportTimelineArgs.pop();
+            if (!args.has_value()) {
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Couldn't get the 'reportTimeline' args in time";
+                return;
+            }
+            mConsumer->reportTimeline(args->inputEventId, args->gpuCompletedTime,
+                                      args->presentTime);
+            break;
+        }
+        case LooperMessage::BLOCK_LOOPER: {
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                mLooperIsBlocked = true;
+            }
+            mNotifyLooperWaiting.notify_all();
+
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+                mNotifyLooperMayProceed.wait(lock, [this] { return mLooperMayProceed; });
+            }
+
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+                mLooperIsBlocked = false;
+            }
+            mNotifyLooperWaiting.notify_all();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeKeyEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    const uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
+    constexpr uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD;
+    constexpr int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac = {31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21,
+                                              20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10,
+                                              9,  8,  7,  6,  5,  4,  3,  2,  1,  0};
+    constexpr int32_t action = AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
+    constexpr int32_t flags = AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FROM_SYSTEM;
+    constexpr int32_t keyCode = AKEYCODE_ENTER;
+    constexpr int32_t scanCode = 13;
+    constexpr int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
+    constexpr int32_t repeatCount = 1;
+    constexpr nsecs_t downTime = 3;
+    constexpr nsecs_t eventTime = 4;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishKeyEvent(seq, eventId, deviceId, source, displayId, hmac, action,
+                                         flags, keyCode, scanCode, metaState, repeatCount, downTime,
+                                         eventTime);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishKeyEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent>> optKeyEvent = mKeyEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optKeyEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<KeyEvent> keyEvent = std::move(*optKeyEvent);
+
+    sendMessage(LooperMessage::CALL_PROBABLY_HAS_INPUT);
+    std::optional<bool> probablyHasInput = mProbablyHasInputResponses.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(probablyHasInput.has_value());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(probablyHasInput.value()) << "no events should be waiting after being consumed";
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, keyEvent->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(deviceId, keyEvent->getDeviceId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(source, keyEvent->getSource());
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayId, keyEvent->getDisplayId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(hmac, keyEvent->getHmac());
+    EXPECT_EQ(action, keyEvent->getAction());
+    EXPECT_EQ(flags, keyEvent->getFlags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keyCode, keyEvent->getKeyCode());
+    EXPECT_EQ(scanCode, keyEvent->getScanCode());
+    EXPECT_EQ(metaState, keyEvent->getMetaState());
+    EXPECT_EQ(repeatCount, keyEvent->getRepeatCount());
+    EXPECT_EQ(downTime, keyEvent->getDownTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventTime, keyEvent->getEventTime());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeMotionStream() {
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_1_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_2_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 300, .y = 400}});
+
+    // Provide a consistent input stream - cancel the gesture that was started above
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 300, .y = 400}});
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeMotionDown(nsecs_t downTime) {
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeBatchedMotionMove(
+        nsecs_t downTime) {
+    uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    const std::vector<Pointer> pointers = {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}};
+    PublishMotionArgs args(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, downTime, pointers, seq);
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    // Block the looper thread, preventing it from being able to service any of the fd callbacks.
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mLooperMayProceed = false;
+    }
+    sendMessage(LooperMessage::BLOCK_LOOPER);
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+        mNotifyLooperWaiting.wait(lock, [this] { return mLooperIsBlocked; });
+    }
+
+    publishMotionEvent(*mPublisher, args);
+
+    // Ensure no event arrives because the UI thread is blocked
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> noEvent =
+            mMotionEvents.popWithTimeout(NO_EVENT_TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(noEvent.has_value()) << "Got unexpected event: " << *noEvent;
+
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = mPublisher->receiveConsumerResponse();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok());
+    ASSERT_EQ(WOULD_BLOCK, result.error().code());
+
+    // We shouldn't be calling mConsumer on the UI thread, but in this situation, the looper
+    // thread is locked, so this should be safe to do.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mConsumer->probablyHasInput())
+            << "should deterministically have input because there is a batch";
+
+    // Now, unblock the looper thread, so that the event can arrive.
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mLooperMayProceed = true;
+    }
+    mNotifyLooperMayProceed.notify_all();
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> optMotion = mMotionEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optMotion.has_value());
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> motion = std::move(*optMotion);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ACTION_MOVE, motion->getAction());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(
+        int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime, const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers) {
+    uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    PublishMotionArgs args(action, downTime, pointers, seq);
+    nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    publishMotionEvent(*mPublisher, args);
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent>> optMotion = mMotionEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optMotion.has_value());
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> event = std::move(*optMotion);
+
+    verifyArgsEqualToEvent(args, *event);
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeFocusEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool hasFocus = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishFocusEvent(seq, eventId, hasFocus);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishFocusEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent>> optFocusEvent = mFocusEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optFocusEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent> focusEvent = std::move(*optFocusEvent);
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, focusEvent->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(hasFocus, focusEvent->getHasFocus());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 42;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool captureEnabled = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishCaptureEvent(seq, eventId, captureEnabled);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishCaptureEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent>> optEvent = mCaptureEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent> event = std::move(*optEvent);
+
+    const CaptureEvent& captureEvent = *event;
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, captureEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(captureEnabled, captureEvent.getPointerCaptureEnabled());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeDragEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool isExiting = false;
+    constexpr float x = 10;
+    constexpr float y = 15;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishDragEvent(seq, eventId, x, y, isExiting);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishDragEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<DragEvent>> optEvent = mDragEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optEvent.has_value()) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    std::unique_ptr<DragEvent> event = std::move(*optEvent);
+
+    const DragEvent& dragEvent = *event;
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, dragEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(isExiting, dragEvent.isExiting());
+    EXPECT_EQ(x, dragEvent.getX());
+    EXPECT_EQ(y, dragEvent.getY());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest::publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool touchModeEnabled = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishTouchModeEvent(seq, eventId, touchModeEnabled);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishTouchModeEvent should return OK";
+
+    std::optional<std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent>> optEvent =
+            mTouchModeEvents.popWithTimeout(TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(optEvent.has_value());
+    std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent> event = std::move(*optEvent);
+
+    const TouchModeEvent& touchModeEvent = *event;
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, touchModeEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(touchModeEnabled, touchModeEvent.isInTouchMode());
+
+    verifyFinishedSignal(*mPublisher, seq, publishTime);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, SendTimeline) {
+    const int32_t inputEventId = 20;
+    const nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime = 30;
+    const nsecs_t presentTime = 40;
+
+    mReportTimelineArgs.emplace(inputEventId, gpuCompletedTime, presentTime);
+    sendMessage(LooperMessage::CALL_REPORT_TIMELINE);
+
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = receiveConsumerResponse(*mPublisher, TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok()) << "receiveConsumerResponse should return OK";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<InputPublisher::Timeline>(*result));
+    const InputPublisher::Timeline& timeline = std::get<InputPublisher::Timeline>(*result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(inputEventId, timeline.inputEventId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(gpuCompletedTime, timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::GPU_COMPLETED_TIME]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(presentTime, timeline.graphicsTimeline[GraphicsTimeline::PRESENT_TIME]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishKeyEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishMotionEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeMotionStream());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishMotionMoveEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    // Publish a DOWN event before MOVE to pass the InputVerifier checks.
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeMotionDown(downTime));
+
+    // Publish the MOVE event and check expectations.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeBatchedMotionMove(downTime));
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishFocusEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishCaptureEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishDragEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeDragEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishTouchModeEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest,
+       PublishMotionEvent_WhenSequenceNumberIsZero_ReturnsError) {
+    status_t status;
+    const size_t pointerCount = 1;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform identityTransform;
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(0, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest,
+       PublishMotionEvent_WhenPointerCountLessThan1_ReturnsError) {
+    status_t status;
+    const size_t pointerCount = 0;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+
+    ui::Transform identityTransform;
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest,
+       PublishMotionEvent_WhenPointerCountGreaterThanMax_ReturnsError) {
+    status_t status;
+    const size_t pointerCount = MAX_POINTERS + 1;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform identityTransform;
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerNoResamplingTest, PublishMultipleEvents_EndToEnd) {
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_1_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_2_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeDragEvent());
+    // Provide a consistent input stream - cancel the gesture that was started above
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
index 3543020..332831f 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "TestHelpers.h"
-
 #include <attestation/HmacKeyManager.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/constants.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumer.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 
 using android::base::Result;
@@ -135,8 +134,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(args.buttonState, motionEvent.getButtonState());
     EXPECT_EQ(args.classification, motionEvent.getClassification());
     EXPECT_EQ(args.transform, motionEvent.getTransform());
-    EXPECT_EQ(args.xOffset, motionEvent.getXOffset());
-    EXPECT_EQ(args.yOffset, motionEvent.getYOffset());
+    EXPECT_NEAR((-args.rawXOffset / args.rawXScale) * args.xScale + args.xOffset,
+                motionEvent.getRawXOffset(), EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR((-args.rawYOffset / args.rawYScale) * args.yScale + args.yOffset,
+                motionEvent.getRawYOffset(), EPSILON);
     EXPECT_EQ(args.xPrecision, motionEvent.getXPrecision());
     EXPECT_EQ(args.yPrecision, motionEvent.getYPrecision());
     EXPECT_NEAR(args.xCursorPosition, motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(), EPSILON);
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp
index 31cc145..cc41eeb 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp
@@ -238,14 +238,17 @@
 
 // --- Ground-truth-generation helper functions. ---
 
+// Generates numPoints ground truth points with values equal to those of the given
+// GroundTruthPoint, and with consecutive timestamps separated by the given inputInterval.
 std::vector<GroundTruthPoint> generateConstantGroundTruthPoints(
-        const GroundTruthPoint& groundTruthPoint, size_t numPoints) {
+        const GroundTruthPoint& groundTruthPoint, size_t numPoints,
+        nsecs_t inputInterval = TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS) {
     std::vector<GroundTruthPoint> groundTruthPoints;
     nsecs_t timestamp = groundTruthPoint.timestamp;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < numPoints; ++i) {
         groundTruthPoints.emplace_back(groundTruthPoint);
         groundTruthPoints.back().timestamp = timestamp;
-        timestamp += TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS;
+        timestamp += inputInterval;
     }
     return groundTruthPoints;
 }
@@ -280,7 +283,8 @@
     const GroundTruthPoint groundTruthPoint{{.position = Eigen::Vector2f(10, 20), .pressure = 0.3f},
                                             .timestamp = TEST_INITIAL_TIMESTAMP};
     const std::vector<GroundTruthPoint> groundTruthPoints =
-            generateConstantGroundTruthPoints(groundTruthPoint, /*numPoints=*/3);
+            generateConstantGroundTruthPoints(groundTruthPoint, /*numPoints=*/3,
+                                              /*inputInterval=*/10);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(3u, groundTruthPoints.size());
     // First point.
@@ -290,11 +294,11 @@
     // Second point.
     EXPECT_EQ(groundTruthPoints[1].position, groundTruthPoint.position);
     EXPECT_EQ(groundTruthPoints[1].pressure, groundTruthPoint.pressure);
-    EXPECT_GT(groundTruthPoints[1].timestamp, groundTruthPoints[0].timestamp);
+    EXPECT_EQ(groundTruthPoints[1].timestamp, groundTruthPoint.timestamp + 10);
     // Third point.
     EXPECT_EQ(groundTruthPoints[2].position, groundTruthPoint.position);
     EXPECT_EQ(groundTruthPoints[2].pressure, groundTruthPoint.pressure);
-    EXPECT_GT(groundTruthPoints[2].timestamp, groundTruthPoints[1].timestamp);
+    EXPECT_EQ(groundTruthPoints[2].timestamp, groundTruthPoint.timestamp + 20);
 }
 
 TEST(GenerateCircularArcGroundTruthTest, StraightLineUpwards) {
@@ -333,16 +337,19 @@
 
 // --- Prediction-generation helper functions. ---
 
-// Creates a sequence of predictions with values equal to those of the given GroundTruthPoint.
-std::vector<PredictionPoint> generateConstantPredictions(const GroundTruthPoint& groundTruthPoint) {
+// Generates TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS predictions with values equal to those of the given
+// GroundTruthPoint, and with consecutive timestamps separated by the given predictionInterval.
+std::vector<PredictionPoint> generateConstantPredictions(
+        const GroundTruthPoint& groundTruthPoint,
+        nsecs_t predictionInterval = TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS) {
     std::vector<PredictionPoint> predictions;
-    nsecs_t predictionTimestamp = groundTruthPoint.timestamp + TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS;
+    nsecs_t predictionTimestamp = groundTruthPoint.timestamp + predictionInterval;
     for (size_t j = 0; j < TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS; ++j) {
         predictions.push_back(PredictionPoint{{.position = groundTruthPoint.position,
                                                .pressure = groundTruthPoint.pressure},
                                               .originTimestamp = groundTruthPoint.timestamp,
                                               .targetTimestamp = predictionTimestamp});
-        predictionTimestamp += TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS;
+        predictionTimestamp += predictionInterval;
     }
     return predictions;
 }
@@ -375,8 +382,9 @@
 TEST(GeneratePredictionsTest, GenerateConstantPredictions) {
     const GroundTruthPoint groundTruthPoint{{.position = Eigen::Vector2f(10, 20), .pressure = 0.3f},
                                             .timestamp = TEST_INITIAL_TIMESTAMP};
+    const nsecs_t predictionInterval = 10;
     const std::vector<PredictionPoint> predictionPoints =
-            generateConstantPredictions(groundTruthPoint);
+            generateConstantPredictions(groundTruthPoint, predictionInterval);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS, predictionPoints.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < predictionPoints.size(); ++i) {
@@ -385,8 +393,7 @@
         EXPECT_THAT(predictionPoints[i].pressure, FloatNear(groundTruthPoint.pressure, 1e-6));
         EXPECT_EQ(predictionPoints[i].originTimestamp, groundTruthPoint.timestamp);
         EXPECT_EQ(predictionPoints[i].targetTimestamp,
-                  groundTruthPoint.timestamp +
-                          static_cast<nsecs_t>(i + 1) * TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS);
+                  TEST_INITIAL_TIMESTAMP + static_cast<nsecs_t>(i + 1) * predictionInterval);
     }
 }
 
@@ -678,12 +685,9 @@
 //  • groundTruthPoints: chronologically-ordered ground truth points, with at least 2 elements.
 //  • predictionPoints: the first index points to a vector of predictions corresponding to the
 //    source ground truth point with the same index.
-//     - The first element should be empty, because there are not expected to be predictions until
-//       we have received 2 ground truth points.
-//     - The last element may be empty, because there will be no future ground truth points to
-//       associate with those predictions (if not empty, it will be ignored).
+//     - For empty prediction vectors, MetricsManager::onPredict will not be called.
 //     - To test all prediction buckets, there should be at least TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS non-empty
-//       prediction sets (that is, excluding the first and last). Thus, groundTruthPoints and
+//       prediction vectors (that is, excluding the first and last). Thus, groundTruthPoints and
 //       predictionPoints should have size at least TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS + 2.
 //
 // When the function returns, outReportedAtomFields will contain the reported AtomFields.
@@ -697,19 +701,12 @@
                                                  createMockReportAtomFunction(
                                                          outReportedAtomFields));
 
-    // Validate structure of groundTruthPoints and predictionPoints.
-    ASSERT_EQ(predictionPoints.size(), groundTruthPoints.size());
     ASSERT_GE(groundTruthPoints.size(), 2u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(predictionPoints[0].size(), 0u);
-    for (size_t i = 1; i + 1 < predictionPoints.size(); ++i) {
-        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "i = " << i);
-        ASSERT_EQ(predictionPoints[i].size(), TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS);
-    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(predictionPoints.size(), groundTruthPoints.size());
 
-    // Pass ground truth points and predictions (for all except first and last ground truth).
     for (size_t i = 0; i < groundTruthPoints.size(); ++i) {
         metricsManager.onRecord(makeMotionEvent(groundTruthPoints[i]));
-        if ((i > 0) && (i + 1 < predictionPoints.size())) {
+        if (!predictionPoints[i].empty()) {
             metricsManager.onPredict(makeMotionEvent(predictionPoints[i]));
         }
     }
@@ -738,7 +735,7 @@
 // Perfect predictions test:
 //  • Input: constant input events, perfect predictions matching the input events.
 //  • Expectation: all error metrics should be zero, or NO_DATA_SENTINEL for "unreported" metrics.
-//    (For example, scale-invariant errors are only reported for the final time bucket.)
+//    (For example, scale-invariant errors are only reported for the last time bucket.)
 TEST(MotionPredictorMetricsManagerTest, ConstantGroundTruthPerfectPredictions) {
     GroundTruthPoint groundTruthPoint{{.position = Eigen::Vector2f(10.0f, 20.0f), .pressure = 0.6f},
                                       .timestamp = TEST_INITIAL_TIMESTAMP};
@@ -977,5 +974,35 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Robustness test:
+//  • Input: input events separated by a significantly greater time interval than the interval
+//    between predictions.
+//  • Expectation: the MetricsManager should not crash in this case. (No assertions are made about
+//    the resulting metrics.)
+//
+// In practice, this scenario could arise either if the input and prediction intervals are
+// mismatched, or if input events are missing (dropped or skipped for some reason).
+TEST(MotionPredictorMetricsManagerTest, MismatchedInputAndPredictionInterval) {
+    // Create two ground truth points separated by MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS * PREDICTION_INTERVAL,
+    // so that the second ground truth point corresponds to the last prediction bucket. This
+    // ensures that the scale-invariant error codepath will be run, giving full code coverage.
+    GroundTruthPoint groundTruthPoint{{.position = Eigen::Vector2f(0.0f, 0.0f), .pressure = 0.5f},
+                                      .timestamp = TEST_INITIAL_TIMESTAMP};
+    const nsecs_t inputInterval = TEST_MAX_NUM_PREDICTIONS * TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS;
+    const std::vector<GroundTruthPoint> groundTruthPoints =
+            generateConstantGroundTruthPoints(groundTruthPoint, /*numPoints=*/2, inputInterval);
+
+    // Create predictions separated by the prediction interval.
+    std::vector<std::vector<PredictionPoint>> predictionPoints;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < groundTruthPoints.size(); ++i) {
+        predictionPoints.push_back(
+                generateConstantPredictions(groundTruthPoints[i], TEST_PREDICTION_INTERVAL_NANOS));
+    }
+
+    // Test that we can run the MetricsManager without crashing.
+    std::vector<AtomFields> reportedAtomFields;
+    runMetricsManager(groundTruthPoints, predictionPoints, reportedAtomFields);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TestHelpers.h b/libs/input/tests/TestHelpers.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 343d81f..0000000
--- a/libs/input/tests/TestHelpers.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef TESTHELPERS_H
-#define TESTHELPERS_H
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <utils/threads.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class Pipe {
-public:
-    int sendFd;
-    int receiveFd;
-
-    Pipe() {
-        int fds[2];
-        ::pipe(fds);
-
-        receiveFd = fds[0];
-        sendFd = fds[1];
-    }
-
-    ~Pipe() {
-        if (sendFd != -1) {
-            ::close(sendFd);
-        }
-
-        if (receiveFd != -1) {
-            ::close(receiveFd);
-        }
-    }
-
-    status_t writeSignal() {
-        ssize_t nWritten = ::write(sendFd, "*", 1);
-        return nWritten == 1 ? 0 : -errno;
-    }
-
-    status_t readSignal() {
-        char buf[1];
-        ssize_t nRead = ::read(receiveFd, buf, 1);
-        return nRead == 1 ? 0 : nRead == 0 ? -EPIPE : -errno;
-    }
-};
-
-class DelayedTask : public Thread {
-    int mDelayMillis;
-
-public:
-    explicit DelayedTask(int delayMillis) : mDelayMillis(delayMillis) { }
-
-protected:
-    virtual ~DelayedTask() { }
-
-    virtual void doTask() = 0;
-
-    virtual bool threadLoop() {
-        usleep(mDelayMillis * 1000);
-        doTask();
-        return false;
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // TESTHELPERS_H
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp
index 1cb7f7b..6e23d4e 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp
@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "TestHelpers.h"
-
 #include <chrono>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <attestation/HmacKeyManager.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumer.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
diff --git a/libs/math/include/math/mat4.h b/libs/math/include/math/mat4.h
index 6119ba7..c630d97 100644
--- a/libs/math/include/math/mat4.h
+++ b/libs/math/include/math/mat4.h
@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@
 #define CONSTEXPR
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// windows.h contains obsolete defines of 'near' and 'far' for systems using
+// legacy 16 bit pointers. Undefine them to avoid conflicting with the usage of
+// 'near' and 'far' in this file.
+#undef near
+#undef far
+#endif
+
 namespace android {
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 namespace details {
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
index 8f005a5..bed31e2 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
@@ -148,29 +148,31 @@
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                       AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data) {
     AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
-            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(callback, nullptr, nullptr, data, 0);
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(callback, nullptr, nullptr, data, 0, CALLBACK_ANIMATION);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                              AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data,
                                              long delayMillis) {
     AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
-            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(callback, nullptr, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis));
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(callback, nullptr, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis),
+                                       CALLBACK_ANIMATION);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postVsyncCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                       AChoreographer_vsyncCallback callback, void* data) {
     AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
-            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, nullptr, callback, data, 0);
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, nullptr, callback, data, 0, CALLBACK_ANIMATION);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallback64(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                         AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback, void* data) {
     AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
-            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, callback, nullptr, data, 0);
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, callback, nullptr, data, 0, CALLBACK_ANIMATION);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed64(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback, void* data,
                                                uint32_t delayMillis) {
     AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
-            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, callback, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis));
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, callback, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis),
+                                       CALLBACK_ANIMATION);
 }
 void AChoreographer_registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                 AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback,
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index b501d40..39902b1 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@
         "skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp",
         "skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp",
         "skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp",
+        "skia/VulkanInterface.cpp",
+        "skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp",
         "skia/debug/CaptureTimer.cpp",
         "skia/debug/CommonPool.cpp",
         "skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
index ee95e59..02e7337 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include <SkImage.h>
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkImageGanesh.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLBackendSurface.h>
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSurface.h>
 #include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkTypes.h>
-#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include "ColorSpaces.h"
 #include "log/log_main.h"
 #include "utils/Trace.h"
@@ -35,47 +35,37 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-AutoBackendTexture::AutoBackendTexture(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
+AutoBackendTexture::AutoBackendTexture(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer,
                                        bool isOutputBuffer, CleanupManager& cleanupMgr)
-      : mCleanupMgr(cleanupMgr), mIsOutputBuffer(isOutputBuffer) {
+      : mGrContext(context->grDirectContext()),
+        mCleanupMgr(cleanupMgr),
+        mIsOutputBuffer(isOutputBuffer) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+
     AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc;
     AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer, &desc);
     bool createProtectedImage = 0 != (desc.usage & AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_PROTECTED_CONTENT);
     GrBackendFormat backendFormat;
 
-    GrBackendApi backend = context->backend();
+    GrBackendApi backend = mGrContext->backend();
     if (backend == GrBackendApi::kOpenGL) {
         backendFormat =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetGLBackendFormat(context, desc.format, false);
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetGLBackendFormat(mGrContext.get(), desc.format, false);
         mBackendTexture =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeGLBackendTexture(context,
-                                                             buffer,
-                                                             desc.width,
-                                                             desc.height,
-                                                             &mDeleteProc,
-                                                             &mUpdateProc,
-                                                             &mImageCtx,
-                                                             createProtectedImage,
-                                                             backendFormat,
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeGLBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), buffer, desc.width,
+                                                             desc.height, &mDeleteProc,
+                                                             &mUpdateProc, &mImageCtx,
+                                                             createProtectedImage, backendFormat,
                                                              isOutputBuffer);
     } else if (backend == GrBackendApi::kVulkan) {
-        backendFormat =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetVulkanBackendFormat(context,
-                                                               buffer,
-                                                               desc.format,
-                                                               false);
+        backendFormat = GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetVulkanBackendFormat(mGrContext.get(), buffer,
+                                                                       desc.format, false);
         mBackendTexture =
-                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeVulkanBackendTexture(context,
-                                                                 buffer,
-                                                                 desc.width,
-                                                                 desc.height,
-                                                                 &mDeleteProc,
-                                                                 &mUpdateProc,
-                                                                 &mImageCtx,
-                                                                 createProtectedImage,
-                                                                 backendFormat,
-                                                                 isOutputBuffer);
+                GrAHardwareBufferUtils::MakeVulkanBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), buffer,
+                                                                 desc.width, desc.height,
+                                                                 &mDeleteProc, &mUpdateProc,
+                                                                 &mImageCtx, createProtectedImage,
+                                                                 backendFormat, isOutputBuffer);
     } else {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected backend %u", static_cast<unsigned>(backend));
     }
@@ -158,12 +148,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> AutoBackendTexture::makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType,
-                                             GrDirectContext* context) {
+sk_sp<SkImage> AutoBackendTexture::makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (mBackendTexture.isValid()) {
-        mUpdateProc(mImageCtx, context);
+        mUpdateProc(mImageCtx, mGrContext.get());
     }
 
     auto colorType = mColorType;
@@ -174,7 +163,7 @@
     }
 
     sk_sp<SkImage> image =
-            SkImages::BorrowTextureFrom(context, mBackendTexture, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
+            SkImages::BorrowTextureFrom(mGrContext.get(), mBackendTexture, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
                                         colorType, alphaType, toSkColorSpace(dataspace),
                                         releaseImageProc, this);
     if (image.get()) {
@@ -190,13 +179,12 @@
     return mImage;
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkSurface> AutoBackendTexture::getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace,
-                                                        GrDirectContext* context) {
+sk_sp<SkSurface> AutoBackendTexture::getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mIsOutputBuffer, "You can't generate a SkSurface for a read-only texture");
     if (!mSurface.get() || mDataspace != dataspace) {
         sk_sp<SkSurface> surface =
-                SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(context, mBackendTexture,
+                SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(mGrContext.get(), mBackendTexture,
                                                kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin, 0, mColorType,
                                                toSkColorSpace(dataspace), nullptr,
                                                releaseSurfaceProc, this);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
index 509ac40..1d5b565 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@
     // of shared ownership with Skia objects, so we wrap it here instead.
     class LocalRef {
     public:
-        LocalRef(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
+        LocalRef(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
                  CleanupManager& cleanupMgr) {
             mTexture = new AutoBackendTexture(context, buffer, isOutputBuffer, cleanupMgr);
             mTexture->ref();
@@ -95,14 +96,13 @@
         // Makes a new SkImage from the texture content.
         // As SkImages are immutable but buffer content is not, we create
         // a new SkImage every time.
-        sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType,
-                                 GrDirectContext* context) {
-            return mTexture->makeImage(dataspace, alphaType, context);
+        sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType) {
+            return mTexture->makeImage(dataspace, alphaType);
         }
 
         // Makes a new SkSurface from the texture content, if needed.
-        sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace, GrDirectContext* context) {
-            return mTexture->getOrCreateSurface(dataspace, context);
+        sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+            return mTexture->getOrCreateSurface(dataspace);
         }
 
         SkColorType colorType() const { return mTexture->mColorType; }
@@ -114,8 +114,10 @@
     };
 
 private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AutoBackendTexture);
+
     // Creates a GrBackendTexture whose contents come from the provided buffer.
-    AutoBackendTexture(GrDirectContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
+    AutoBackendTexture(SkiaGpuContext* context, AHardwareBuffer* buffer, bool isOutputBuffer,
                        CleanupManager& cleanupMgr);
 
     // The only way to invoke dtor is with unref, when mUsageCount is 0.
@@ -130,24 +132,24 @@
     // Makes a new SkImage from the texture content.
     // As SkImages are immutable but buffer content is not, we create
     // a new SkImage every time.
-    sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType,
-                             GrDirectContext* context);
+    sk_sp<SkImage> makeImage(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkAlphaType alphaType);
 
     // Makes a new SkSurface from the texture content, if needed.
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace, GrDirectContext* context);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> getOrCreateSurface(ui::Dataspace dataspace);
 
     GrBackendTexture mBackendTexture;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::DeleteImageProc mDeleteProc;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::UpdateImageProc mUpdateProc;
     GrAHardwareBufferUtils::TexImageCtx mImageCtx;
 
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite abstractions for ABT.
+    const sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext = nullptr;
     CleanupManager& mCleanupMgr;
 
     static void releaseSurfaceProc(SkSurface::ReleaseContext releaseContext);
     static void releaseImageProc(SkImages::ReleaseContext releaseContext);
 
     int mUsageCount = 0;
-
     const bool mIsOutputBuffer;
     sk_sp<SkImage> mImage = nullptr;
     sk_sp<SkSurface> mSurface = nullptr;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index fea4129..f10c98d 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "SkiaGLRenderEngine.h"
 
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaGLRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaGLRenderEngine(args, display, ctxt,
                                                                       placeholder, protectedContext,
                                                                       protectedPlaceholder));
-    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    engine->ensureContextsCreated();
 
     ALOGI("OpenGL ES informations:");
     ALOGI("vendor    : %s", extensions.getVendor());
@@ -295,9 +297,7 @@
     eglReleaseThread();
 }
 
-SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaGLRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
-    const GrContextOptions& options) {
-
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaGLRenderEngine::createContexts() {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(isProtected(),
                         "Cannot setup contexts while already in protected mode");
 
@@ -306,10 +306,10 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!glInterface.get(), "GrGLMakeNativeInterface() failed");
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+    contexts.first = SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(glInterface, mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kYes);
-        contexts.second = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+        contexts.second = SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(glInterface, mSkSLCacheMonitor);
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kNo);
     }
 
@@ -330,14 +330,14 @@
     return eglMakeCurrent(mEGLDisplay, surface, surface, context) == EGL_TRUE;
 }
 
-void SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext*, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+void SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence(SkiaGpuContext*, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
     if (fenceFd.get() >= 0 && !waitGpuFence(fenceFd)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("SkiaGLRenderEngine::waitFence");
         sync_wait(fenceFd.get(), -1);
     }
 }
 
-base::unique_fd SkiaGLRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+base::unique_fd SkiaGLRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) {
     base::unique_fd drawFence = flush();
 
     bool requireSync = drawFence.get() < 0;
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@
     } else {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("Submit(sync=false)");
     }
-    bool success = grContext->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes :
-                                                   GrSyncCpu::kNo);
+    bool success =
+            context->grDirectContext()->submit(requireSync ? GrSyncCpu::kYes : GrSyncCpu::kNo);
     ATRACE_END();
     if (!success) {
         ALOGE("Failed to flush RenderEngine commands");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index af33110..2e22478 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@
 protected:
     // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
     // rendering backend
-    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts();
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
-    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) override;
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index 6e393f0..27daeba 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 
 #include "Cache.h"
 #include "ColorSpaces.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h"
@@ -290,14 +291,12 @@
         delete mBlurFilter;
     }
 
-    if (mGrContext) {
-        mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
-        mGrContext->abandonContext();
+    if (mContext) {
+        mContext->finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
     }
 
-    if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-        mProtectedGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
-        mProtectedGrContext->abandonContext();
+    if (mProtectedContext) {
+        mProtectedContext->finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
     }
 }
 
@@ -308,24 +307,24 @@
     }
 
     // release any scratch resources before switching into a new mode
-    if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
+    if (getActiveContext()) {
+        getActiveContext()->purgeUnlockedScratchResources();
     }
 
     // Backend-specific way to switch to protected context
     if (useProtectedContextImpl(
             useProtectedContext ? GrProtected::kYes : GrProtected::kNo)) {
         mInProtectedContext = useProtectedContext;
-        // given that we are sharing the same thread between two GrContexts we need to
+        // given that we are sharing the same thread between two contexts we need to
         // make sure that the thread state is reset when switching between the two.
-        if (getActiveGrContext()) {
-            getActiveGrContext()->resetContext();
+        if (getActiveContext()) {
+            getActiveContext()->resetContextIfApplicable();
         }
     }
 }
 
-GrDirectContext* SkiaRenderEngine::getActiveGrContext() {
-    return mInProtectedContext ? mProtectedGrContext.get() : mGrContext.get();
+SkiaGpuContext* SkiaRenderEngine::getActiveContext() {
+    return mInProtectedContext ? mProtectedContext.get() : mContext.get();
 }
 
 static float toDegrees(uint32_t transform) {
@@ -374,17 +373,12 @@
             sourceTransfer != destTransfer;
 }
 
-void SkiaRenderEngine::ensureGrContextsCreated() {
-    if (mGrContext) {
+void SkiaRenderEngine::ensureContextsCreated() {
+    if (mContext) {
         return;
     }
 
-    GrContextOptions options;
-    options.fDisableDriverCorrectnessWorkarounds = true;
-    options.fDisableDistanceFieldPaths = true;
-    options.fReducedShaderVariations = true;
-    options.fPersistentCache = &mSkSLCacheMonitor;
-    std::tie(mGrContext, mProtectedGrContext) = createDirectContexts(options);
+    std::tie(mContext, mProtectedContext) = createContexts();
 }
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
@@ -413,7 +407,7 @@
     // switch back after the buffer is cached).  However, for non-protected content we can bind
     // the texture in either GL context because they are initialized with the same share_context
     // which allows the texture state to be shared between them.
-    auto grContext = getActiveGrContext();
+    auto context = getActiveContext();
     auto& cache = mTextureCache;
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mRenderingMutex);
@@ -424,8 +418,7 @@
             isRenderable = buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER;
         }
         std::shared_ptr<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef> imageTextureRef =
-                std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(grContext,
-                                                               buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
+                std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(context, buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
                                                                isRenderable, mTextureCleanupMgr);
         cache.insert({buffer->getId(), imageTextureRef});
     }
@@ -477,7 +470,7 @@
             return it->second;
         }
     }
-    return std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(getActiveGrContext(),
+    return std::make_shared<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>(getActiveContext(),
                                                           buffer->toAHardwareBuffer(),
                                                           isOutputBuffer, mTextureCleanupMgr);
 }
@@ -667,8 +660,8 @@
 
     validateOutputBufferUsage(buffer->getBuffer());
 
-    auto grContext = getActiveGrContext();
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(grContext->abandoned(), "GrContext is abandoned/device lost at start of %s",
+    auto context = getActiveContext();
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(context->isAbandoned(), "Context is abandoned/device lost at start of %s",
                         __func__);
 
     // any AutoBackendTexture deletions will now be deferred until cleanupPostRender is called
@@ -677,10 +670,9 @@
     auto surfaceTextureRef = getOrCreateBackendTexture(buffer->getBuffer(), true);
 
     // wait on the buffer to be ready to use prior to using it
-    waitFence(grContext, bufferFence);
+    waitFence(context, bufferFence);
 
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface =
-            surfaceTextureRef->getOrCreateSurface(display.outputDataspace, grContext);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface = surfaceTextureRef->getOrCreateSurface(display.outputDataspace);
 
     SkCanvas* dstCanvas = mCapture->tryCapture(dstSurface.get());
     if (dstCanvas == nullptr) {
@@ -845,7 +837,7 @@
             if (blurRect.width() > 0 && blurRect.height() > 0) {
                 if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                     ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundBlur");
-                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
+                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(context, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
                                                               blurInput, blurRect);
 
                     cachedBlurs[layer.backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
@@ -859,7 +851,7 @@
                     if (cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] == nullptr) {
                         ATRACE_NAME("BlurRegion");
                         cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] =
-                                mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, region.blurRadius, blurInput,
+                                mBlurFilter->generate(context, region.blurRadius, blurInput,
                                                       blurRect);
                     }
 
@@ -948,7 +940,7 @@
             // if the layer's buffer has a fence, then we must must respect the fence prior to using
             // the buffer.
             if (layer.source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
-                waitFence(grContext, layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
+                waitFence(context, layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
             }
 
             // isOpaque means we need to ignore the alpha in the image,
@@ -972,7 +964,7 @@
                     : item.isOpaque                      ? kOpaque_SkAlphaType
                     : item.usePremultipliedAlpha         ? kPremul_SkAlphaType
                                                          : kUnpremul_SkAlphaType;
-            sk_sp<SkImage> image = imageTextureRef->makeImage(layerDataspace, alphaType, grContext);
+            sk_sp<SkImage> image = imageTextureRef->makeImage(layerDataspace, alphaType);
 
             auto texMatrix = getSkM44(item.textureTransform).asM33();
             // textureTansform was intended to be passed directly into a shader, so when
@@ -1159,7 +1151,7 @@
         skgpu::ganesh::Flush(activeSurface);
     }
 
-    auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(grContext));
+    auto drawFence = sp<Fence>::make(flushAndSubmit(context));
 
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
         static gui::FenceMonitor sMonitor("RE Completion");
@@ -1169,11 +1161,11 @@
 }
 
 size_t SkiaRenderEngine::getMaxTextureSize() const {
-    return mGrContext->maxTextureSize();
+    return mContext->getMaxTextureSize();
 }
 
 size_t SkiaRenderEngine::getMaxViewportDims() const {
-    return mGrContext->maxRenderTargetSize();
+    return mContext->getMaxRenderTargetSize();
 }
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::drawShadow(SkCanvas* canvas,
@@ -1199,13 +1191,13 @@
     const int maxResourceBytes = size.width * size.height * SURFACE_SIZE_MULTIPLIER;
 
     // start by resizing the current context
-    getActiveGrContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+    getActiveContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
 
     // if it is possible to switch contexts then we will resize the other context
     const bool originalProtectedState = mInProtectedContext;
     useProtectedContext(!mInProtectedContext);
     if (mInProtectedContext != originalProtectedState) {
-        getActiveGrContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+        getActiveContext()->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
         // reset back to the initial context that was active when this method was called
         useProtectedContext(originalProtectedState);
     }
@@ -1245,7 +1237,7 @@
                 {"skia", "Other"},
         };
         SkiaMemoryReporter gpuReporter(gpuResourceMap, true);
-        mGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuReporter);
+        mContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuReporter);
         StringAppendF(&result, "Skia's GPU Caches: ");
         gpuReporter.logTotals(result);
         gpuReporter.logOutput(result);
@@ -1269,8 +1261,8 @@
         StringAppendF(&result, "\n");
 
         SkiaMemoryReporter gpuProtectedReporter(gpuResourceMap, true);
-        if (mProtectedGrContext) {
-            mProtectedGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuProtectedReporter);
+        if (mProtectedContext) {
+            mProtectedContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(&gpuProtectedReporter);
         }
         StringAppendF(&result, "Skia's GPU Protected Caches: ");
         gpuProtectedReporter.logTotals(result);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
index e88d44c..9f892bd 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
-#include <GrDirectContext.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "AutoBackendTexture.h"
 #include "GrContextOptions.h"
 #include "SkImageInfo.h"
-#include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 #include "debug/SkiaCapture.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/LinearEffect.h"
@@ -76,24 +76,25 @@
     bool supportsProtectedContent() const override {
         return supportsProtectedContentImpl();
     }
-    void ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    void ensureContextsCreated();
+
 protected:
     // This is so backends can stop the generic rendering state first before
     // cleaning up backend-specific state
     void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
 
     // Functions that a given backend (GLES, Vulkan) must implement
-    using Contexts = std::pair<sk_sp<GrDirectContext>, sk_sp<GrDirectContext>>;
-    virtual Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options) = 0;
+    using Contexts = std::pair<unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext>, unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext>>;
+    virtual Contexts createContexts() = 0;
     virtual bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const = 0;
     virtual bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) = 0;
-    virtual void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) = 0;
-    virtual base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) = 0;
+    virtual void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) = 0;
+    virtual base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) = 0;
     virtual void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) = 0;
 
     size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override final;
     size_t getMaxViewportDims() const override final;
-    GrDirectContext* getActiveGrContext();
+    SkiaGpuContext* getActiveContext();
 
     bool isProtected() const { return mInProtectedContext; }
 
@@ -121,6 +122,8 @@
         int mTotalShadersCompiled = 0;
     };
 
+    SkSLCacheMonitor mSkSLCacheMonitor;
+
 private:
     void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                   bool isRenderable) override final;
@@ -183,12 +186,11 @@
     // Mutex guarding rendering operations, so that internal state related to
     // rendering that is potentially modified by multiple threads is guaranteed thread-safe.
     mutable std::mutex mRenderingMutex;
-    SkSLCacheMonitor mSkSLCacheMonitor;
 
     // Graphics context used for creating surfaces and submitting commands
-    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext;
+    unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> mContext;
     // Same as above, but for protected content (eg. DRM)
-    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mProtectedGrContext;
+    unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> mProtectedContext;
     bool mInProtectedContext = false;
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index eb7a9d5..d854929 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,22 +21,23 @@
 
 #include "SkiaVkRenderEngine.h"
 
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 #include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
+#include <GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSemaphore.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
 #include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
 #include <vk/GrVkTypes.h>
-#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 #include "log/log_main.h"
@@ -44,619 +45,19 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
 
-struct VulkanFuncs {
-    PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vkCreateSemaphore = nullptr;
-    PFN_vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR = nullptr;
-    PFN_vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR = nullptr;
-    PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vkDestroySemaphore = nullptr;
-
-    PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vkDeviceWaitIdle = nullptr;
-    PFN_vkDestroyDevice vkDestroyDevice = nullptr;
-    PFN_vkDestroyInstance vkDestroyInstance = nullptr;
-};
-
-// Ref-Count a semaphore
-struct DestroySemaphoreInfo {
-    VkSemaphore mSemaphore;
-    // We need to make sure we don't delete the VkSemaphore until it is done being used by both Skia
-    // (including by the GPU) and inside SkiaVkRenderEngine. So we always start with two refs, one
-    // owned by Skia and one owned by the SkiaVkRenderEngine. The refs are decremented each time
-    // delete_semaphore* is called with this object. Skia will call destroy_semaphore* once it is
-    // done with the semaphore and the GPU has finished work on the semaphore. SkiaVkRenderEngine
-    // calls delete_semaphore* after sending the semaphore to Skia and exporting it if need be.
-    int mRefs = 2;
-
-    DestroySemaphoreInfo(VkSemaphore semaphore) : mSemaphore(semaphore) {}
-};
-
-namespace {
-void onVkDeviceFault(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
-                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
-                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
-                     const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData);
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-struct VulkanInterface {
-    bool initialized = false;
-    VkInstance instance;
-    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
-    VkDevice device;
-    VkQueue queue;
-    int queueIndex;
-    uint32_t apiVersion;
-    GrVkExtensions grExtensions;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2* physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures* samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures* protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT* deviceFaultFeatures = nullptr;
-    GrVkGetProc grGetProc;
-    bool isProtected;
-    bool isRealtimePriority;
-
-    VulkanFuncs funcs;
-
-    std::vector<std::string> instanceExtensionNames;
-    std::vector<std::string> deviceExtensionNames;
-
-    GrVkBackendContext getBackendContext() {
-        GrVkBackendContext backendContext;
-        backendContext.fInstance = instance;
-        backendContext.fPhysicalDevice = physicalDevice;
-        backendContext.fDevice = device;
-        backendContext.fQueue = queue;
-        backendContext.fGraphicsQueueIndex = queueIndex;
-        backendContext.fMaxAPIVersion = apiVersion;
-        backendContext.fVkExtensions = &grExtensions;
-        backendContext.fDeviceFeatures2 = physicalDeviceFeatures2;
-        backendContext.fGetProc = grGetProc;
-        backendContext.fProtectedContext = isProtected ? GrProtected::kYes : GrProtected::kNo;
-        backendContext.fDeviceLostContext = this; // VulkanInterface is long-lived
-        backendContext.fDeviceLostProc = onVkDeviceFault;
-        return backendContext;
-    };
-
-    VkSemaphore createExportableSemaphore() {
-        VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo exportInfo;
-        exportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
-        exportInfo.pNext = nullptr;
-        exportInfo.handleTypes = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
-
-        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
-        semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
-        semaphoreInfo.pNext = &exportInfo;
-        semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
-
-        VkSemaphore semaphore;
-        VkResult err = funcs.vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
-        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
-            ALOGE("%s: failed to create semaphore. err %d\n", __func__, err);
-            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        }
-
-        return semaphore;
-    }
-
-    // syncFd cannot be <= 0
-    VkSemaphore importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(int syncFd) {
-        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
-        semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
-        semaphoreInfo.pNext = nullptr;
-        semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
-
-        VkSemaphore semaphore;
-        VkResult err = funcs.vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
-        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
-            ALOGE("%s: failed to create import semaphore", __func__);
-            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        }
-
-        VkImportSemaphoreFdInfoKHR importInfo;
-        importInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_SEMAPHORE_FD_INFO_KHR;
-        importInfo.pNext = nullptr;
-        importInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
-        importInfo.flags = VK_SEMAPHORE_IMPORT_TEMPORARY_BIT;
-        importInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
-        importInfo.fd = syncFd;
-
-        err = funcs.vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR(device, &importInfo);
-        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
-            funcs.vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
-            ALOGE("%s: failed to import semaphore", __func__);
-            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        }
-
-        return semaphore;
-    }
-
-    int exportSemaphoreSyncFd(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
-        int res;
-
-        VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
-        getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
-        getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
-        getFdInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
-        getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
-
-        VkResult err = funcs.vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR(device, &getFdInfo, &res);
-        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
-            ALOGE("%s: failed to export semaphore, err: %d", __func__, err);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    void destroySemaphore(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
-        funcs.vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
-    }
-};
-
-namespace {
-void onVkDeviceFault(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
-                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
-                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
-                     const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData) {
-    VulkanInterface* interface = static_cast<VulkanInterface*>(callbackContext);
-    const std::string protectedStr = interface->isProtected ? "protected" : "non-protected";
-    // The final crash string should contain as much differentiating info as possible, up to 1024
-    // bytes. As this final message is constructed, the same information is also dumped to the logs
-    // but in a more verbose format. Building the crash string is unsightly, so the clearer logging
-    // statement is always placed first to give context.
-    ALOGE("VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (%s context): %s", protectedStr.c_str(), description.c_str());
-    std::stringstream crashMsg;
-    crashMsg << "VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (" << protectedStr;
-
-    if (!addressInfos.empty()) {
-        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT:", addressInfos.size());
-        crashMsg << ", " << addressInfos.size() << " address info (";
-        for (VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT addressInfo : addressInfos) {
-            ALOGE(" addressType:       %d", (int)addressInfo.addressType);
-            ALOGE("  reportedAddress:  %" PRIu64, addressInfo.reportedAddress);
-            ALOGE("  addressPrecision: %" PRIu64, addressInfo.addressPrecision);
-            crashMsg << addressInfo.addressType << ":"
-                     << addressInfo.reportedAddress << ":"
-                     << addressInfo.addressPrecision << ", ";
-        }
-        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur); // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
-        crashMsg << ")";
-    }
-
-    if (!vendorInfos.empty()) {
-        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT:", vendorInfos.size());
-        crashMsg << ", " << vendorInfos.size() << " vendor info (";
-        for (VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT vendorInfo : vendorInfos) {
-            ALOGE(" description:      %s", vendorInfo.description);
-            ALOGE("  vendorFaultCode: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode);
-            ALOGE("  vendorFaultData: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultData);
-            // Omit descriptions for individual vendor info structs in the crash string, as the
-            // fault code and fault data fields should be enough for clustering, and the verbosity
-            // isn't worth it. Additionally, vendors may just set the general description field of
-            // the overall fault to the description of the first element in this list, and that
-            // overall description will be placed at the end of the crash string.
-            crashMsg << vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode << ":"
-                     << vendorInfo.vendorFaultData << ", ";
-        }
-        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur); // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
-        crashMsg << ")";
-    }
-
-    if (!vendorBinaryData.empty()) {
-        // TODO: b/322830575 - Log in base64, or dump directly to a file that gets put in bugreports
-        ALOGE("%zu bytes of vendor-specific binary data (please notify Android's Core Graphics"
-              " Stack team if you observe this message).",
-              vendorBinaryData.size());
-        crashMsg << ", " << vendorBinaryData.size() << " bytes binary";
-    }
-
-    crashMsg << "): " << description;
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s", crashMsg.str().c_str());
-};
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-static GrVkGetProc sGetProc = [](const char* proc_name, VkInstance instance, VkDevice device) {
-    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        return vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name);
-    }
-    return vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, proc_name);
-};
-
-#define BAIL(fmt, ...)                                          \
-    {                                                           \
-        ALOGE("%s: " fmt ", bailing", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
-        return interface;                                       \
-    }
-
-#define CHECK_NONNULL(expr)       \
-    if ((expr) == nullptr) {      \
-        BAIL("[%s] null", #expr); \
-    }
-
-#define VK_CHECK(expr)                              \
-    if ((expr) != VK_SUCCESS) {                     \
-        BAIL("[%s] failed. err = %d", #expr, expr); \
-        return interface;                           \
-    }
-
-#define VK_GET_PROC(F)                                                           \
-    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VK_NULL_HANDLE, "vk" #F); \
-    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
-#define VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, F)                                      \
-    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vk" #F); \
-    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
-#define VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, F)                                     \
-    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, "vk" #F); \
-    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
-
-VulkanInterface initVulkanInterface(bool protectedContent = false) {
-    const nsecs_t timeBefore = systemTime();
-    VulkanInterface interface;
-
-    VK_GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceVersion);
-    uint32_t instanceVersion;
-    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceVersion(&instanceVersion));
-
-    if (instanceVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) {
-        return interface;
-    }
-
-    const VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO, nullptr, "surfaceflinger", 0, "android platform", 0,
-            VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0),
-    };
-
-    VK_GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties);
-
-    uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
-    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr));
-    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> instanceExtensions(extensionCount);
-    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount,
-                                                    instanceExtensions.data()));
-    std::vector<const char*> enabledInstanceExtensionNames;
-    enabledInstanceExtensionNames.reserve(instanceExtensions.size());
-    interface.instanceExtensionNames.reserve(instanceExtensions.size());
-    for (const auto& instExt : instanceExtensions) {
-        enabledInstanceExtensionNames.push_back(instExt.extensionName);
-        interface.instanceExtensionNames.push_back(instExt.extensionName);
-    }
-
-    const VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
-            nullptr,
-            0,
-            &appInfo,
-            0,
-            nullptr,
-            (uint32_t)enabledInstanceExtensionNames.size(),
-            enabledInstanceExtensionNames.data(),
-    };
-
-    VK_GET_PROC(CreateInstance);
-    VkInstance instance;
-    VK_CHECK(vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance));
-
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, DestroyInstance);
-    interface.funcs.vkDestroyInstance = vkDestroyInstance;
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, EnumeratePhysicalDevices);
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties);
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2);
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties);
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2);
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);
-    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, CreateDevice);
-
-    uint32_t physdevCount;
-    VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physdevCount, nullptr));
-    if (physdevCount == 0) {
-        BAIL("Could not find any physical devices");
-    }
-
-    physdevCount = 1;
-    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
-    VkResult enumeratePhysDevsErr =
-            vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physdevCount, &physicalDevice);
-    if (enumeratePhysDevsErr != VK_SUCCESS && VK_INCOMPLETE != enumeratePhysDevsErr) {
-        BAIL("vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices failed with non-VK_INCOMPLETE error: %d",
-             enumeratePhysDevsErr);
-    }
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 physDevProps = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
-            0,
-            {},
-    };
-    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties protMemProps = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES,
-            0,
-            {},
-    };
-
-    if (protectedContent) {
-        physDevProps.pNext = &protMemProps;
-    }
-
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physicalDevice, &physDevProps);
-    if (physDevProps.properties.apiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) {
-        BAIL("Could not find a Vulkan 1.1+ physical device");
-    }
-
-    if (physDevProps.properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) {
-        // TODO: b/326633110 - SkiaVK is not working correctly on swiftshader path.
-        BAIL("CPU implementations of Vulkan is not supported");
-    }
-
-    // Check for syncfd support. Bail if we cannot both import and export them.
-    VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo semInfo = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_INFO,
-            nullptr,
-            VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
-    };
-    VkExternalSemaphoreProperties semProps = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES, nullptr, 0, 0, 0,
-    };
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties(physicalDevice, &semInfo, &semProps);
-
-    bool sufficientSemaphoreSyncFdSupport = (semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes &
-                                             VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT) &&
-            (semProps.compatibleHandleTypes & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT) &&
-            (semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT) &&
-            (semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
-
-    if (!sufficientSemaphoreSyncFdSupport) {
-        BAIL("Vulkan device does not support sufficient external semaphore sync fd features. "
-             "exportFromImportedHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
-             "compatibleHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
-             "externalSemaphoreFeatures 0x%x (needed 0x%x) ",
-             semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
-             semProps.compatibleHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
-             semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures,
-             VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT |
-                     VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
-    } else {
-        ALOGD("Vulkan device supports sufficient external semaphore sync fd features. "
-              "exportFromImportedHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
-              "compatibleHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
-              "externalSemaphoreFeatures 0x%x (needed 0x%x) ",
-              semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
-              semProps.compatibleHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
-              semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures,
-              VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT |
-                      VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
-    }
-
-    uint32_t queueCount;
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(physicalDevice, &queueCount, nullptr);
-    if (queueCount == 0) {
-        BAIL("Could not find queues for physical device");
-    }
-
-    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties2> queueProps(queueCount);
-    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyGlobalPriorityPropertiesEXT> queuePriorityProps(queueCount);
-    VkQueueGlobalPriorityKHR queuePriority = VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_MEDIUM_KHR;
-    // Even though we don't yet know if the VK_EXT_global_priority extension is available,
-    // we can safely add the request to the pNext chain, and if the extension is not
-    // available, it will be ignored.
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; ++i) {
-        queuePriorityProps[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_PROPERTIES_EXT;
-        queuePriorityProps[i].pNext = nullptr;
-        queueProps[i].pNext = &queuePriorityProps[i];
-    }
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(physicalDevice, &queueCount, queueProps.data());
-
-    int graphicsQueueIndex = -1;
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; ++i) {
-        // Look at potential answers to the VK_EXT_global_priority query.  If answers were
-        // provided, we may adjust the queuePriority.
-        if (queueProps[i].queueFamilyProperties.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
-            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < queuePriorityProps[i].priorityCount; j++) {
-                if (queuePriorityProps[i].priorities[j] > queuePriority) {
-                    queuePriority = queuePriorityProps[i].priorities[j];
-                }
-            }
-            if (queuePriority == VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_REALTIME_KHR) {
-                interface.isRealtimePriority = true;
-            }
-            graphicsQueueIndex = i;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (graphicsQueueIndex == -1) {
-        BAIL("Could not find a graphics queue family");
-    }
-
-    uint32_t deviceExtensionCount;
-    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &deviceExtensionCount,
-                                                  nullptr));
-    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> deviceExtensions(deviceExtensionCount);
-    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &deviceExtensionCount,
-                                                  deviceExtensions.data()));
-
-    std::vector<const char*> enabledDeviceExtensionNames;
-    enabledDeviceExtensionNames.reserve(deviceExtensions.size());
-    interface.deviceExtensionNames.reserve(deviceExtensions.size());
-    for (const auto& devExt : deviceExtensions) {
-        enabledDeviceExtensionNames.push_back(devExt.extensionName);
-        interface.deviceExtensionNames.push_back(devExt.extensionName);
-    }
-
-    interface.grExtensions.init(sGetProc, instance, physicalDevice,
-                                enabledInstanceExtensionNames.size(),
-                                enabledInstanceExtensionNames.data(),
-                                enabledDeviceExtensionNames.size(),
-                                enabledDeviceExtensionNames.data());
-
-    if (!interface.grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FD_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
-        BAIL("Vulkan driver doesn't support external semaphore fd");
-    }
-
-    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2 = new VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
-    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
-    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->pNext = nullptr;
-
-    interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
-    interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->sType =
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES;
-    interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
-
-    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->pNext = interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
-    void** tailPnext = &interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext;
-
-    if (protectedContent) {
-        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures;
-        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->sType =
-                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES;
-        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
-        *tailPnext = interface.protectedMemoryFeatures;
-        tailPnext = &interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->pNext;
-    }
-
-    if (interface.grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
-        interface.deviceFaultFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT;
-        interface.deviceFaultFeatures->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT;
-        interface.deviceFaultFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
-        *tailPnext = interface.deviceFaultFeatures;
-        tailPnext = &interface.deviceFaultFeatures->pNext;
-    }
-
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2);
-    // Looks like this would slow things down and we can't depend on it on all platforms
-    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->features.robustBufferAccess = VK_FALSE;
-
-    if (protectedContent && !interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->protectedMemory) {
-        BAIL("Protected memory not supported");
-    }
-
-    float queuePriorities[1] = {0.0f};
-    void* queueNextPtr = nullptr;
-
-    VkDeviceQueueGlobalPriorityCreateInfoEXT queuePriorityCreateInfo = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
-            nullptr,
-            // If queue priority is supported, RE should always have realtime priority.
-            queuePriority,
-    };
-
-    if (interface.grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_EXTENSION_NAME, 2)) {
-        queueNextPtr = &queuePriorityCreateInfo;
-    }
-
-    VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags deviceQueueCreateFlags =
-            (VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags)(protectedContent ? VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT : 0);
-
-    const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueInfo = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
-            queueNextPtr,
-            deviceQueueCreateFlags,
-            (uint32_t)graphicsQueueIndex,
-            1,
-            queuePriorities,
-    };
-
-    const VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceInfo = {
-            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
-            interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2,
-            0,
-            1,
-            &queueInfo,
-            0,
-            nullptr,
-            (uint32_t)enabledDeviceExtensionNames.size(),
-            enabledDeviceExtensionNames.data(),
-            nullptr,
-    };
-
-    ALOGD("Trying to create Vk device with protectedContent=%d", protectedContent);
-    VkDevice device;
-    VK_CHECK(vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &deviceInfo, nullptr, &device));
-    ALOGD("Trying to create Vk device with protectedContent=%d (success)", protectedContent);
-
-    VkQueue graphicsQueue;
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, GetDeviceQueue2);
-    const VkDeviceQueueInfo2 deviceQueueInfo2 = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_INFO_2, nullptr,
-                                                 deviceQueueCreateFlags,
-                                                 (uint32_t)graphicsQueueIndex, 0};
-    vkGetDeviceQueue2(device, &deviceQueueInfo2, &graphicsQueue);
-
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DeviceWaitIdle);
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DestroyDevice);
-    interface.funcs.vkDeviceWaitIdle = vkDeviceWaitIdle;
-    interface.funcs.vkDestroyDevice = vkDestroyDevice;
-
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, CreateSemaphore);
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, ImportSemaphoreFdKHR);
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, GetSemaphoreFdKHR);
-    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DestroySemaphore);
-    interface.funcs.vkCreateSemaphore = vkCreateSemaphore;
-    interface.funcs.vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR = vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR;
-    interface.funcs.vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR = vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR;
-    interface.funcs.vkDestroySemaphore = vkDestroySemaphore;
-
-    // At this point, everything's succeeded and we can continue
-    interface.initialized = true;
-    interface.instance = instance;
-    interface.physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
-    interface.device = device;
-    interface.queue = graphicsQueue;
-    interface.queueIndex = graphicsQueueIndex;
-    interface.apiVersion = physDevProps.properties.apiVersion;
-    // grExtensions already constructed
-    // feature pointers already constructed
-    interface.grGetProc = sGetProc;
-    interface.isProtected = protectedContent;
-    // funcs already initialized
-
-    const nsecs_t timeAfter = systemTime();
-    const float initTimeMs = static_cast<float>(timeAfter - timeBefore) / 1.0E6;
-    ALOGD("%s: Success init Vulkan interface in %f ms", __func__, initTimeMs);
-    return interface;
-}
-
-void teardownVulkanInterface(VulkanInterface* interface) {
-    interface->initialized = false;
-
-    if (interface->device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        interface->funcs.vkDeviceWaitIdle(interface->device);
-        interface->funcs.vkDestroyDevice(interface->device, nullptr);
-        interface->device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-    if (interface->instance != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        interface->funcs.vkDestroyInstance(interface->instance, nullptr);
-        interface->instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-
-    if (interface->protectedMemoryFeatures) {
-        delete interface->protectedMemoryFeatures;
-    }
-
-    if (interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures) {
-        delete interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
-    }
-
-    if (interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2) {
-        delete interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2;
-    }
-
-    if (interface->deviceFaultFeatures) {
-        delete interface->deviceFaultFeatures;
-    }
-
-    interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
-    interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
-    interface->protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
-}
-
-static VulkanInterface sVulkanInterface;
-static VulkanInterface sProtectedContentVulkanInterface;
+static skia::VulkanInterface sVulkanInterface;
+static skia::VulkanInterface sProtectedContentVulkanInterface;
 
 static void sSetupVulkanInterface() {
-    if (!sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
-        sVulkanInterface = initVulkanInterface(false /* no protected content */);
+    if (!sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
+        sVulkanInterface.init(false /* no protected content */);
         // We will have to abort if non-protected VkDevice creation fails (then nothing works).
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!sVulkanInterface.initialized,
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!sVulkanInterface.isInitialized(),
                             "Could not initialize Vulkan RenderEngine!");
     }
-    if (!sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized) {
-        sProtectedContentVulkanInterface = initVulkanInterface(true /* protected content */);
-        if (!sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+    if (!sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
+        sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.init(true /* protected content */);
+        if (!sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
             ALOGE("Could not initialize protected content Vulkan RenderEngine.");
         }
     }
@@ -667,12 +68,12 @@
         case GraphicsApi::GL:
             return true;
         case GraphicsApi::VK: {
-            if (!sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
-                sVulkanInterface = initVulkanInterface(false /* no protected content */);
+            if (!sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
+                sVulkanInterface.init(false /* no protected content */);
                 ALOGD("%s: initialized == %s.", __func__,
-                      sVulkanInterface.initialized ? "true" : "false");
+                      sVulkanInterface.isInitialized() ? "true" : "false");
             }
-            return sVulkanInterface.initialized;
+            return sVulkanInterface.isInitialized();
         }
     }
 }
@@ -684,9 +85,9 @@
 std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(
         const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaVkRenderEngine(args));
-    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+    engine->ensureContextsCreated();
 
-    if (sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+    if (sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
         ALOGD("SkiaVkRenderEngine::%s: successfully initialized SkiaVkRenderEngine", __func__);
         return engine;
     } else {
@@ -705,45 +106,33 @@
     finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
 }
 
-SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
-        const GrContextOptions& options) {
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createContexts() {
     sSetupVulkanInterface();
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(sVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(), options);
+    contexts.first = SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(sVulkanInterface.getGaneshBackendContext(),
+                                                       mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
-        contexts.second =
-                GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(),
-                                             options);
+        contexts.second = SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface
+                                                                    .getGaneshBackendContext(),
+                                                            mSkSLCacheMonitor);
     }
 
     return contexts;
 }
 
 bool SkiaVkRenderEngine::supportsProtectedContentImpl() const {
-    return sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized;
+    return sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.isInitialized();
 }
 
 bool SkiaVkRenderEngine::useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected) {
     return true;
 }
 
-static void delete_semaphore(void* semaphore) {
-    DestroySemaphoreInfo* info = reinterpret_cast<DestroySemaphoreInfo*>(semaphore);
-    --info->mRefs;
-    if (!info->mRefs) {
-        sVulkanInterface.destroySemaphore(info->mSemaphore);
-        delete info;
-    }
-}
-
-static void delete_semaphore_protected(void* semaphore) {
-    DestroySemaphoreInfo* info = reinterpret_cast<DestroySemaphoreInfo*>(semaphore);
-    --info->mRefs;
-    if (!info->mRefs) {
-        sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.destroySemaphore(info->mSemaphore);
-        delete info;
-    }
+static void unref_semaphore(void* semaphore) {
+    SkiaVkRenderEngine::DestroySemaphoreInfo* info =
+            reinterpret_cast<SkiaVkRenderEngine::DestroySemaphoreInfo*>(semaphore);
+    info->unref();
 }
 
 static VulkanInterface& getVulkanInterface(bool protectedContext) {
@@ -753,7 +142,7 @@
     return sVulkanInterface;
 }
 
-void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
     if (fenceFd.get() < 0) return;
 
     int dupedFd = dup(fenceFd.get());
@@ -766,25 +155,24 @@
     base::unique_fd fenceDup(dupedFd);
     VkSemaphore waitSemaphore =
             getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(fenceDup.release());
-    GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore;
-    beSemaphore.initVulkan(waitSemaphore);
-    grContext->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
+    GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(waitSemaphore);
+    context->grDirectContext()->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
 }
 
-base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) {
+    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext = context->grDirectContext();
     VulkanInterface& vi = getVulkanInterface(isProtected());
     VkSemaphore semaphore = vi.createExportableSemaphore();
 
-    GrBackendSemaphore backendSemaphore;
-    backendSemaphore.initVulkan(semaphore);
+    GrBackendSemaphore backendSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(semaphore);
 
     GrFlushInfo flushInfo;
     DestroySemaphoreInfo* destroySemaphoreInfo = nullptr;
     if (semaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        destroySemaphoreInfo = new DestroySemaphoreInfo(semaphore);
+        destroySemaphoreInfo = new DestroySemaphoreInfo(vi, semaphore);
         flushInfo.fNumSemaphores = 1;
         flushInfo.fSignalSemaphores = &backendSemaphore;
-        flushInfo.fFinishedProc = isProtected() ? delete_semaphore_protected : delete_semaphore;
+        flushInfo.fFinishedProc = unref_semaphore;
         flushInfo.fFinishedContext = destroySemaphoreInfo;
     }
     GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = grContext->flush(flushInfo);
@@ -804,7 +192,7 @@
 int SkiaVkRenderEngine::getContextPriority() {
     // EGL_CONTEXT_PRIORITY_REALTIME_NV
     constexpr int kRealtimePriority = 0x3357;
-    if (getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).isRealtimePriority) {
+    if (getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).isRealtimePriority()) {
         return kRealtimePriority;
     } else {
         return 0;
@@ -813,21 +201,21 @@
 
 void SkiaVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) {
     StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE Vulkan----------\n");
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan device initialized: %d\n", sVulkanInterface.initialized);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan device initialized: %d\n", sVulkanInterface.isInitialized());
     StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan protected device initialized: %d\n",
-                  sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized);
+                  sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.isInitialized());
 
-    if (!sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+    if (!sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
         return;
     }
 
     StringAppendF(&result, "\n Instance extensions:\n");
-    for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.instanceExtensionNames) {
+    for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.getInstanceExtensionNames()) {
         StringAppendF(&result, "\n %s\n", name.c_str());
     }
 
     StringAppendF(&result, "\n Device extensions:\n");
-    for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.deviceExtensionNames) {
+    for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.getDeviceExtensionNames()) {
         StringAppendF(&result, "\n %s\n", name.c_str());
     }
 }
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
index 52bc500..28b7595 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
 
 #include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
+#include "VulkanInterface.h"
+#include "compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
@@ -32,14 +34,50 @@
 
     int getContextPriority() override;
 
+    class DestroySemaphoreInfo {
+    public:
+        DestroySemaphoreInfo() = delete;
+        DestroySemaphoreInfo(const DestroySemaphoreInfo&) = delete;
+        DestroySemaphoreInfo& operator=(const DestroySemaphoreInfo&) = delete;
+        DestroySemaphoreInfo& operator=(DestroySemaphoreInfo&&) = delete;
+
+        DestroySemaphoreInfo(VulkanInterface& vulkanInterface, std::vector<VkSemaphore> semaphores)
+              : mVulkanInterface(vulkanInterface), mSemaphores(std::move(semaphores)) {}
+        DestroySemaphoreInfo(VulkanInterface& vulkanInterface, VkSemaphore semaphore)
+              : DestroySemaphoreInfo(vulkanInterface, std::vector<VkSemaphore>(1, semaphore)) {}
+
+        void unref() {
+            --mRefs;
+            if (!mRefs) {
+                for (VkSemaphore semaphore : mSemaphores) {
+                    mVulkanInterface.destroySemaphore(semaphore);
+                }
+                delete this;
+            }
+        }
+
+    private:
+        ~DestroySemaphoreInfo() = default;
+
+        VulkanInterface& mVulkanInterface;
+        std::vector<VkSemaphore> mSemaphores;
+        // We need to make sure we don't delete the VkSemaphore until it is done being used by both
+        // Skia (including by the GPU) and inside SkiaVkRenderEngine. So we always start with two
+        // refs, one owned by Skia and one owned by the SkiaVkRenderEngine. The refs are decremented
+        // each time unref() is called on this object. Skia will call unref() once it is done with
+        // the semaphore and the GPU has finished work on the semaphore. SkiaVkRenderEngine calls
+        // unref() after sending the semaphore to Skia and exporting it if need be.
+        int mRefs = 2;
+    };
+
 protected:
     // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
     // rendering backend
-    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts() override;
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
-    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context) override;
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f09a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "RenderEngine"
+
+#include "VulkanInterface.h"
+
+#include <include/gpu/GpuTypes.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+GrVkBackendContext VulkanInterface::getGaneshBackendContext() {
+    GrVkBackendContext backendContext;
+    backendContext.fInstance = mInstance;
+    backendContext.fPhysicalDevice = mPhysicalDevice;
+    backendContext.fDevice = mDevice;
+    backendContext.fQueue = mQueue;
+    backendContext.fGraphicsQueueIndex = mQueueIndex;
+    backendContext.fMaxAPIVersion = mApiVersion;
+    backendContext.fVkExtensions = &mGrExtensions;
+    backendContext.fDeviceFeatures2 = mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
+    backendContext.fGetProc = mGrGetProc;
+    backendContext.fProtectedContext = mIsProtected ? Protected::kYes : Protected::kNo;
+    backendContext.fDeviceLostContext = this; // VulkanInterface is long-lived
+    backendContext.fDeviceLostProc = onVkDeviceFault;
+    return backendContext;
+};
+
+VkSemaphore VulkanInterface::createExportableSemaphore() {
+    VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo exportInfo;
+    exportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+    exportInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+    exportInfo.handleTypes = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+
+    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
+    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+    semaphoreInfo.pNext = &exportInfo;
+    semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
+
+    VkSemaphore semaphore;
+    VkResult err = mFuncs.vkCreateSemaphore(mDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
+    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to create semaphore. err %d\n", __func__, err);
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    return semaphore;
+}
+
+// syncFd cannot be <= 0
+VkSemaphore VulkanInterface::importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(int syncFd) {
+    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
+    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+    semaphoreInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+    semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
+
+    VkSemaphore semaphore;
+    VkResult err = mFuncs.vkCreateSemaphore(mDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
+    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to create import semaphore", __func__);
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    VkImportSemaphoreFdInfoKHR importInfo;
+    importInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_SEMAPHORE_FD_INFO_KHR;
+    importInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+    importInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
+    importInfo.flags = VK_SEMAPHORE_IMPORT_TEMPORARY_BIT;
+    importInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+    importInfo.fd = syncFd;
+
+    err = mFuncs.vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &importInfo);
+    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+        mFuncs.vkDestroySemaphore(mDevice, semaphore, nullptr);
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to import semaphore", __func__);
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    return semaphore;
+}
+
+int VulkanInterface::exportSemaphoreSyncFd(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
+    int res;
+
+    VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
+    getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
+    getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+    getFdInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
+    getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+    VkResult err = mFuncs.vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &getFdInfo, &res);
+    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to export semaphore, err: %d", __func__, err);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+void VulkanInterface::destroySemaphore(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
+    mFuncs.vkDestroySemaphore(mDevice, semaphore, nullptr);
+}
+
+void VulkanInterface::onVkDeviceFault(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
+                                      const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
+                                      const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
+                                      const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData) {
+    VulkanInterface* interface = static_cast<VulkanInterface*>(callbackContext);
+    const std::string protectedStr = interface->mIsProtected ? "protected" : "non-protected";
+    // The final crash string should contain as much differentiating info as possible, up to 1024
+    // bytes. As this final message is constructed, the same information is also dumped to the logs
+    // but in a more verbose format. Building the crash string is unsightly, so the clearer logging
+    // statement is always placed first to give context.
+    ALOGE("VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (%s context): %s", protectedStr.c_str(), description.c_str());
+    std::stringstream crashMsg;
+    crashMsg << "VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (" << protectedStr;
+
+    if (!addressInfos.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT:", addressInfos.size());
+        crashMsg << ", " << addressInfos.size() << " address info (";
+        for (VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT addressInfo : addressInfos) {
+            ALOGE(" addressType:       %d", (int)addressInfo.addressType);
+            ALOGE("  reportedAddress:  %" PRIu64, addressInfo.reportedAddress);
+            ALOGE("  addressPrecision: %" PRIu64, addressInfo.addressPrecision);
+            crashMsg << addressInfo.addressType << ":" << addressInfo.reportedAddress << ":"
+                     << addressInfo.addressPrecision << ", ";
+        }
+        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur); // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
+        crashMsg << ")";
+    }
+
+    if (!vendorInfos.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT:", vendorInfos.size());
+        crashMsg << ", " << vendorInfos.size() << " vendor info (";
+        for (VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT vendorInfo : vendorInfos) {
+            ALOGE(" description:      %s", vendorInfo.description);
+            ALOGE("  vendorFaultCode: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode);
+            ALOGE("  vendorFaultData: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultData);
+            // Omit descriptions for individual vendor info structs in the crash string, as the
+            // fault code and fault data fields should be enough for clustering, and the verbosity
+            // isn't worth it. Additionally, vendors may just set the general description field of
+            // the overall fault to the description of the first element in this list, and that
+            // overall description will be placed at the end of the crash string.
+            crashMsg << vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode << ":" << vendorInfo.vendorFaultData << ", ";
+        }
+        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur); // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
+        crashMsg << ")";
+    }
+
+    if (!vendorBinaryData.empty()) {
+        // TODO: b/322830575 - Log in base64, or dump directly to a file that gets put in bugreports
+        ALOGE("%zu bytes of vendor-specific binary data (please notify Android's Core Graphics"
+              " Stack team if you observe this message).",
+              vendorBinaryData.size());
+        crashMsg << ", " << vendorBinaryData.size() << " bytes binary";
+    }
+
+    crashMsg << "): " << description;
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s", crashMsg.str().c_str());
+};
+
+static GrVkGetProc sGetProc = [](const char* proc_name, VkInstance instance, VkDevice device) {
+    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        return vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name);
+    }
+    return vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, proc_name);
+};
+
+#define BAIL(fmt, ...)                                          \
+    {                                                           \
+        ALOGE("%s: " fmt ", bailing", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        return;                                                 \
+    }
+
+#define CHECK_NONNULL(expr)       \
+    if ((expr) == nullptr) {      \
+        BAIL("[%s] null", #expr); \
+    }
+
+#define VK_CHECK(expr)                              \
+    if ((expr) != VK_SUCCESS) {                     \
+        BAIL("[%s] failed. err = %d", #expr, expr); \
+        return;                                     \
+    }
+
+#define VK_GET_PROC(F)                                                           \
+    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VK_NULL_HANDLE, "vk" #F); \
+    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
+#define VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, F)                                      \
+    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vk" #F); \
+    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
+#define VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, F)                                     \
+    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, "vk" #F); \
+    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
+
+void VulkanInterface::init(bool protectedContent) {
+    if (isInitialized()) {
+        ALOGW("Called init on already initialized VulkanInterface");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const nsecs_t timeBefore = systemTime();
+
+    VK_GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceVersion);
+    uint32_t instanceVersion;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceVersion(&instanceVersion));
+
+    if (instanceVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO, nullptr, "surfaceflinger", 0, "android platform", 0,
+            VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0),
+    };
+
+    VK_GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties);
+
+    uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr));
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> instanceExtensions(extensionCount);
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount,
+                                                    instanceExtensions.data()));
+    std::vector<const char*> enabledInstanceExtensionNames;
+    enabledInstanceExtensionNames.reserve(instanceExtensions.size());
+    mInstanceExtensionNames.reserve(instanceExtensions.size());
+    for (const auto& instExt : instanceExtensions) {
+        enabledInstanceExtensionNames.push_back(instExt.extensionName);
+        mInstanceExtensionNames.push_back(instExt.extensionName);
+    }
+
+    const VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            0,
+            &appInfo,
+            0,
+            nullptr,
+            (uint32_t)enabledInstanceExtensionNames.size(),
+            enabledInstanceExtensionNames.data(),
+    };
+
+    VK_GET_PROC(CreateInstance);
+    VkInstance instance;
+    VK_CHECK(vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance));
+
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, DestroyInstance);
+    mFuncs.vkDestroyInstance = vkDestroyInstance;
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, EnumeratePhysicalDevices);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, CreateDevice);
+
+    uint32_t physdevCount;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physdevCount, nullptr));
+    if (physdevCount == 0) {
+        BAIL("Could not find any physical devices");
+    }
+
+    physdevCount = 1;
+    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
+    VkResult enumeratePhysDevsErr =
+            vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physdevCount, &physicalDevice);
+    if (enumeratePhysDevsErr != VK_SUCCESS && VK_INCOMPLETE != enumeratePhysDevsErr) {
+        BAIL("vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices failed with non-VK_INCOMPLETE error: %d",
+             enumeratePhysDevsErr);
+    }
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 physDevProps = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
+            0,
+            {},
+    };
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties protMemProps = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES,
+            0,
+            {},
+    };
+
+    if (protectedContent) {
+        physDevProps.pNext = &protMemProps;
+    }
+
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physicalDevice, &physDevProps);
+    if (physDevProps.properties.apiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) {
+        BAIL("Could not find a Vulkan 1.1+ physical device");
+    }
+
+    if (physDevProps.properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) {
+        // TODO: b/326633110 - SkiaVK is not working correctly on swiftshader path.
+        BAIL("CPU implementations of Vulkan is not supported");
+    }
+
+    // Check for syncfd support. Bail if we cannot both import and export them.
+    VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo semInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+    };
+    VkExternalSemaphoreProperties semProps = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES, nullptr, 0, 0, 0,
+    };
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties(physicalDevice, &semInfo, &semProps);
+
+    bool sufficientSemaphoreSyncFdSupport = (semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes &
+                                             VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT) &&
+            (semProps.compatibleHandleTypes & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT) &&
+            (semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT) &&
+            (semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
+
+    if (!sufficientSemaphoreSyncFdSupport) {
+        BAIL("Vulkan device does not support sufficient external semaphore sync fd features. "
+             "exportFromImportedHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+             "compatibleHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+             "externalSemaphoreFeatures 0x%x (needed 0x%x) ",
+             semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+             semProps.compatibleHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+             semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures,
+             VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT |
+                     VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
+    } else {
+        ALOGD("Vulkan device supports sufficient external semaphore sync fd features. "
+              "exportFromImportedHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+              "compatibleHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+              "externalSemaphoreFeatures 0x%x (needed 0x%x) ",
+              semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+              semProps.compatibleHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+              semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures,
+              VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT |
+                      VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t queueCount;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(physicalDevice, &queueCount, nullptr);
+    if (queueCount == 0) {
+        BAIL("Could not find queues for physical device");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties2> queueProps(queueCount);
+    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyGlobalPriorityPropertiesEXT> queuePriorityProps(queueCount);
+    VkQueueGlobalPriorityKHR queuePriority = VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_MEDIUM_KHR;
+    // Even though we don't yet know if the VK_EXT_global_priority extension is available,
+    // we can safely add the request to the pNext chain, and if the extension is not
+    // available, it will be ignored.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; ++i) {
+        queuePriorityProps[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_PROPERTIES_EXT;
+        queuePriorityProps[i].pNext = nullptr;
+        queueProps[i].pNext = &queuePriorityProps[i];
+    }
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(physicalDevice, &queueCount, queueProps.data());
+
+    int graphicsQueueIndex = -1;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; ++i) {
+        // Look at potential answers to the VK_EXT_global_priority query.  If answers were
+        // provided, we may adjust the queuePriority.
+        if (queueProps[i].queueFamilyProperties.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < queuePriorityProps[i].priorityCount; j++) {
+                if (queuePriorityProps[i].priorities[j] > queuePriority) {
+                    queuePriority = queuePriorityProps[i].priorities[j];
+                }
+            }
+            if (queuePriority == VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_REALTIME_KHR) {
+                mIsRealtimePriority = true;
+            }
+            graphicsQueueIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (graphicsQueueIndex == -1) {
+        BAIL("Could not find a graphics queue family");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t deviceExtensionCount;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &deviceExtensionCount,
+                                                  nullptr));
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> deviceExtensions(deviceExtensionCount);
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &deviceExtensionCount,
+                                                  deviceExtensions.data()));
+
+    std::vector<const char*> enabledDeviceExtensionNames;
+    enabledDeviceExtensionNames.reserve(deviceExtensions.size());
+    mDeviceExtensionNames.reserve(deviceExtensions.size());
+    for (const auto& devExt : deviceExtensions) {
+        enabledDeviceExtensionNames.push_back(devExt.extensionName);
+        mDeviceExtensionNames.push_back(devExt.extensionName);
+    }
+
+    mGrExtensions.init(sGetProc, instance, physicalDevice, enabledInstanceExtensionNames.size(),
+                       enabledInstanceExtensionNames.data(), enabledDeviceExtensionNames.size(),
+                       enabledDeviceExtensionNames.data());
+
+    if (!mGrExtensions.hasExtension(VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FD_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
+        BAIL("Vulkan driver doesn't support external semaphore fd");
+    }
+
+    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = new VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
+    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
+    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2->pNext = nullptr;
+
+    mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
+    mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->sType =
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES;
+    mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
+
+    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2->pNext = mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
+    void** tailPnext = &mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext;
+
+    if (protectedContent) {
+        mProtectedMemoryFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures;
+        mProtectedMemoryFeatures->sType =
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES;
+        mProtectedMemoryFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
+        *tailPnext = mProtectedMemoryFeatures;
+        tailPnext = &mProtectedMemoryFeatures->pNext;
+    }
+
+    if (mGrExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
+        mDeviceFaultFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT;
+        mDeviceFaultFeatures->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT;
+        mDeviceFaultFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
+        *tailPnext = mDeviceFaultFeatures;
+        tailPnext = &mDeviceFaultFeatures->pNext;
+    }
+
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);
+    // Looks like this would slow things down and we can't depend on it on all platforms
+    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2->features.robustBufferAccess = VK_FALSE;
+
+    if (protectedContent && !mProtectedMemoryFeatures->protectedMemory) {
+        BAIL("Protected memory not supported");
+    }
+
+    float queuePriorities[1] = {0.0f};
+    void* queueNextPtr = nullptr;
+
+    VkDeviceQueueGlobalPriorityCreateInfoEXT queuePriorityCreateInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+            nullptr,
+            // If queue priority is supported, RE should always have realtime priority.
+            queuePriority,
+    };
+
+    if (mGrExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_EXTENSION_NAME, 2)) {
+        queueNextPtr = &queuePriorityCreateInfo;
+    }
+
+    VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags deviceQueueCreateFlags =
+            (VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags)(protectedContent ? VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT : 0);
+
+    const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+            queueNextPtr,
+            deviceQueueCreateFlags,
+            (uint32_t)graphicsQueueIndex,
+            1,
+            queuePriorities,
+    };
+
+    const VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+            mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2,
+            0,
+            1,
+            &queueInfo,
+            0,
+            nullptr,
+            (uint32_t)enabledDeviceExtensionNames.size(),
+            enabledDeviceExtensionNames.data(),
+            nullptr,
+    };
+
+    ALOGD("Trying to create Vk device with protectedContent=%d", protectedContent);
+    VkDevice device;
+    VK_CHECK(vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &deviceInfo, nullptr, &device));
+    ALOGD("Trying to create Vk device with protectedContent=%d (success)", protectedContent);
+
+    VkQueue graphicsQueue;
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, GetDeviceQueue2);
+    const VkDeviceQueueInfo2 deviceQueueInfo2 = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_INFO_2, nullptr,
+                                                 deviceQueueCreateFlags,
+                                                 (uint32_t)graphicsQueueIndex, 0};
+    vkGetDeviceQueue2(device, &deviceQueueInfo2, &graphicsQueue);
+
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DeviceWaitIdle);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DestroyDevice);
+    mFuncs.vkDeviceWaitIdle = vkDeviceWaitIdle;
+    mFuncs.vkDestroyDevice = vkDestroyDevice;
+
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, CreateSemaphore);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, ImportSemaphoreFdKHR);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, GetSemaphoreFdKHR);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DestroySemaphore);
+    mFuncs.vkCreateSemaphore = vkCreateSemaphore;
+    mFuncs.vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR = vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR;
+    mFuncs.vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR = vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR;
+    mFuncs.vkDestroySemaphore = vkDestroySemaphore;
+
+    // At this point, everything's succeeded and we can continue
+    mInitialized = true;
+    mInstance = instance;
+    mPhysicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+    mDevice = device;
+    mQueue = graphicsQueue;
+    mQueueIndex = graphicsQueueIndex;
+    mApiVersion = physDevProps.properties.apiVersion;
+    // grExtensions already constructed
+    // feature pointers already constructed
+    mGrGetProc = sGetProc;
+    mIsProtected = protectedContent;
+    // mIsRealtimePriority already initialized by constructor
+    // funcs already initialized
+
+    const nsecs_t timeAfter = systemTime();
+    const float initTimeMs = static_cast<float>(timeAfter - timeBefore) / 1.0E6;
+    ALOGD("%s: Success init Vulkan interface in %f ms", __func__, initTimeMs);
+}
+
+// TODO: b/293371537 - Iterate on this.
+// Currently unused, but copied over from its original location for potential future use. This
+// should likely be improved to walk the pNext chain of mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 and free everything
+// like HWUI's VulkanManager. Also, not all fields are being reset.
+void VulkanInterface::teardown() {
+    mInitialized = false;
+
+    if (mDevice != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        mFuncs.vkDeviceWaitIdle(mDevice);
+        mFuncs.vkDestroyDevice(mDevice, nullptr);
+        mDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+    if (mInstance != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        mFuncs.vkDestroyInstance(mInstance, nullptr);
+        mInstance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    if (mProtectedMemoryFeatures) {
+        delete mProtectedMemoryFeatures;
+    }
+
+    if (mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures) {
+        delete mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
+    }
+
+    if (mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2) {
+        delete mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
+    }
+
+    if (mDeviceFaultFeatures) {
+        delete mDeviceFaultFeatures;
+    }
+
+    mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
+    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
+    mProtectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
+    mDeviceFaultFeatures = nullptr;
+}
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..512e62c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/VulkanInterface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+using namespace skgpu;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+class VulkanInterface {
+public:
+    // Create an uninitialized interface. Initialize with `init`.
+    VulkanInterface() = default;
+    ~VulkanInterface() = default;
+    VulkanInterface(const VulkanInterface&) = delete;
+    VulkanInterface& operator=(const VulkanInterface&) = delete;
+    VulkanInterface& operator=(VulkanInterface&&) = delete;
+
+    void init(bool protectedContent = false);
+    void teardown();
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant (external/skia/include/gpu/vk/VulkanBackendContext.h)
+    GrVkBackendContext getGaneshBackendContext();
+    VkSemaphore createExportableSemaphore();
+    VkSemaphore importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(int syncFd);
+    int exportSemaphoreSyncFd(VkSemaphore semaphore);
+    void destroySemaphore(VkSemaphore semaphore);
+
+    bool isInitialized() const { return mInitialized; }
+    bool isRealtimePriority() const { return mIsRealtimePriority; }
+    const std::vector<std::string>& getInstanceExtensionNames() { return mInstanceExtensionNames; }
+    const std::vector<std::string>& getDeviceExtensionNames() { return mDeviceExtensionNames; }
+
+private:
+    struct VulkanFuncs {
+        PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vkCreateSemaphore = nullptr;
+        PFN_vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR = nullptr;
+        PFN_vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR = nullptr;
+        PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vkDestroySemaphore = nullptr;
+
+        PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vkDeviceWaitIdle = nullptr;
+        PFN_vkDestroyDevice vkDestroyDevice = nullptr;
+        PFN_vkDestroyInstance vkDestroyInstance = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    static void onVkDeviceFault(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
+                                const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
+                                const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
+                                const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData);
+
+    bool mInitialized = false;
+    VkInstance mInstance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkPhysicalDevice mPhysicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkDevice mDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkQueue mQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    int mQueueIndex = 0;
+    uint32_t mApiVersion = 0;
+    GrVkExtensions mGrExtensions;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2* mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures* mSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures* mProtectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT* mDeviceFaultFeatures = nullptr;
+    GrVkGetProc mGrGetProc = nullptr;
+    bool mIsProtected = false;
+    bool mIsRealtimePriority = false;
+
+    VulkanFuncs mFuncs;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> mInstanceExtensionNames;
+    std::vector<std::string> mDeviceExtensionNames;
+};
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51c6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GaneshGpuContext.h"
+
+#include <include/core/SkImageInfo.h>
+#include <include/core/SkSurface.h>
+#include <include/core/SkTraceMemoryDump.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrTypes.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+namespace {
+// TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant.
+static GrContextOptions ganeshOptions(GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    GrContextOptions options;
+    options.fDisableDriverCorrectnessWorkarounds = true;
+    options.fDisableDistanceFieldPaths = true;
+    options.fReducedShaderVariations = true;
+    options.fPersistentCache = &skSLCacheMonitor;
+    return options;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> SkiaGpuContext::MakeGL_Ganesh(
+        sk_sp<const GrGLInterface> glInterface,
+        GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    return std::make_unique<GaneshGpuContext>(
+            GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, ganeshOptions(skSLCacheMonitor)));
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> SkiaGpuContext::MakeVulkan_Ganesh(
+        const GrVkBackendContext& grVkBackendContext,
+        GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor) {
+    return std::make_unique<GaneshGpuContext>(
+            GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(grVkBackendContext, ganeshOptions(skSLCacheMonitor)));
+}
+
+GaneshGpuContext::GaneshGpuContext(sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext) : mGrContext(grContext) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mGrContext.get() == nullptr, "GrDirectContext creation failed");
+}
+
+sk_sp<GrDirectContext> GaneshGpuContext::grDirectContext() {
+    return mGrContext;
+}
+
+sk_sp<SkSurface> GaneshGpuContext::createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) {
+    constexpr int kSampleCount = 1; // enable AA
+    constexpr SkSurfaceProps* kProps = nullptr;
+    constexpr bool kMipmapped = false;
+    return SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(mGrContext.get(), skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, imageInfo, kSampleCount,
+                                    kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin, kProps, kMipmapped,
+                                    mGrContext->supportsProtectedContent());
+}
+
+size_t GaneshGpuContext::getMaxRenderTargetSize() const {
+    return mGrContext->maxRenderTargetSize();
+};
+
+size_t GaneshGpuContext::getMaxTextureSize() const {
+    return mGrContext->maxTextureSize();
+};
+
+bool GaneshGpuContext::isAbandoned() {
+    return mGrContext->abandoned();
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) {
+    mGrContext->setResourceCacheLimit(maxResourceBytes);
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() {
+    mGrContext->flushAndSubmit(GrSyncCpu::kYes);
+    mGrContext->abandonContext();
+};
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::purgeUnlockedScratchResources() {
+    mGrContext->purgeUnlockedResources(GrPurgeResourceOptions::kScratchResourcesOnly);
+}
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::resetContextIfApplicable() {
+    mGrContext->resetContext(); // Only applicable to GL
+};
+
+void GaneshGpuContext::dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const {
+    mGrContext->dumpMemoryStatistics(traceMemoryDump);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59001ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/GaneshGpuContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+class GaneshGpuContext : public SkiaGpuContext {
+public:
+    GaneshGpuContext(sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grContext);
+    ~GaneshGpuContext() override = default;
+
+    sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grDirectContext() override;
+
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) override;
+
+    size_t getMaxRenderTargetSize() const override;
+    size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override;
+    bool isAbandoned() override;
+    void setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) override;
+
+    void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() override;
+    void purgeUnlockedScratchResources() override;
+    void resetContextIfApplicable() override;
+
+    void dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const override;
+
+private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(GaneshGpuContext);
+
+    const sk_sp<GrDirectContext> mGrContext;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba167f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/compat/SkiaGpuContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "RenderEngine"
+
+#include <include/core/SkSurface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/GrDirectContext.h>
+#include <include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android::renderengine::skia {
+
+/**
+ * Abstraction over Ganesh and Graphite's underlying context-like objects.
+ */
+class SkiaGpuContext {
+public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> MakeGL_Ganesh(
+            sk_sp<const GrGLInterface> glInterface,
+            GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor);
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Graphite variant.
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> MakeVulkan_Ganesh(
+            const GrVkBackendContext& grVkBackendContext,
+            GrContextOptions::PersistentCache& skSLCacheMonitor);
+
+    virtual ~SkiaGpuContext() = default;
+
+    // TODO: b/293371537 - Maybe expose whether this SkiaGpuContext is using Ganesh or Graphite?
+    /**
+     * Only callable on Ganesh-backed instances of SkiaGpuContext, otherwise fatal.
+     */
+    virtual sk_sp<GrDirectContext> grDirectContext() {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("grDirectContext() called on a non-Ganesh instance of SkiaGpuContext!");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notes:
+     * - The surface doesn't count against Skia's caching budgets.
+     * - Protected status is set to match the implementation's underlying context.
+     * - The origin of the surface in texture space corresponds to the top-left content pixel.
+     * - AA is always enabled.
+     */
+    virtual sk_sp<SkSurface> createRenderTarget(SkImageInfo imageInfo) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool isAbandoned() = 0;
+    virtual size_t getMaxRenderTargetSize() const = 0;
+    virtual size_t getMaxTextureSize() const = 0;
+    virtual void setResourceCacheLimit(size_t maxResourceBytes) = 0;
+
+    virtual void finishRenderingAndAbandonContext() = 0;
+    virtual void purgeUnlockedScratchResources() = 0;
+    virtual void resetContextIfApplicable() = 0; // No-op outside of GL (&& Ganesh at this point.)
+
+    virtual void dumpMemoryStatistics(SkTraceMemoryDump* traceMemoryDump) const = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
index 9cddc75..180c922 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 
+#include "../compat/SkiaGpuContext.h"
+
 using namespace std;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -38,8 +40,9 @@
     virtual ~BlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
-                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
+    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+                                    const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput,
+                                    const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
 
     /**
      * Draw the blurred content (from the generate method) into the canvas.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
index e72c501..c9499cb 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@
 
 GaussianBlurFilter::GaussianBlurFilter(): BlurFilter(/* maxCrossFadeRadius= */ 0.0f) {}
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
-                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input, const SkRect& blurRect)
-    const {
+sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
+                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input,
+                                            const SkRect& blurRect) const {
     // Create blur surface with the bit depth and colorspace of the original surface
     SkImageInfo scaledInfo = input->imageInfo().makeWH(std::ceil(blurRect.width() * kInputScale),
                                                        std::ceil(blurRect.height() * kInputScale));
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(context,
-                                                        skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, scaledInfo);
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = context->createRenderTarget(scaledInfo);
 
     SkPaint paint;
     paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
index a4febd2..878ab21 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@
     virtual ~GaussianBlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
                             const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
-
 };
 
 } // namespace skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
index 09f09a6..7a070d7 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@
     return surface->makeImageSnapshot();
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context,
-                                          const uint32_t blurRadius,
+sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
                                           const sk_sp<SkImage> input,
                                           const SkRect& blurRect) const {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(context == nullptr, "%s: Needs GPU context", __func__);
@@ -108,12 +107,7 @@
             input->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear, blurMatrix);
     blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = radiusByPasses * kInputScale;
 
-    constexpr int kSampleCount = 1;
-    constexpr bool kMipmapped = false;
-    constexpr SkSurfaceProps* kProps = nullptr;
-    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurfaces::RenderTarget(context, skgpu::Budgeted::kNo, scaledInfo,
-                                                        kSampleCount, kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,
-                                                        kProps, kMipmapped, input->isProtected());
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = context->createRenderTarget(scaledInfo);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!surface, "%s: Failed to create surface for blurring!", __func__);
     sk_sp<SkImage> tmpBlur = makeImage(surface.get(), &blurBuilder);
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
index 0ac5ac8..429a537 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     virtual ~KawaseBlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(SkiaGpuContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
                             const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/sensorprivacy/Android.bp b/libs/sensorprivacy/Android.bp
index 1e7e707..00514c4 100644
--- a/libs/sensorprivacy/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/sensorprivacy/Android.bp
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "libsensorprivacy_aidl",
     srcs: [
-        "aidl/android/hardware/CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry.aidl",
         "aidl/android/hardware/ISensorPrivacyListener.aidl",
         "aidl/android/hardware/ISensorPrivacyManager.aidl",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.cpp b/libs/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.cpp
index fe93786..3f3ad93 100644
--- a/libs/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.cpp
@@ -155,10 +155,9 @@
     return DISABLED;
 }
 
-std::vector<hardware::CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry>
-        SensorPrivacyManager::getCameraPrivacyAllowlist(){
+std::vector<String16> SensorPrivacyManager::getCameraPrivacyAllowlist(){
     sp<hardware::ISensorPrivacyManager> service = getService();
-    std::vector<hardware::CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry> result;
+    std::vector<String16> result;
     if (service != nullptr) {
         service->getCameraPrivacyAllowlist(&result);
         return result;
diff --git a/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry.aidl b/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index 03e1537..0000000
--- a/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2024, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.hardware;
-
-parcelable CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry {
-    String packageName;
-    boolean isMandatory;
-}
diff --git a/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/ISensorPrivacyManager.aidl b/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/ISensorPrivacyManager.aidl
index b6bd39e..f707187 100644
--- a/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/ISensorPrivacyManager.aidl
+++ b/libs/sensorprivacy/aidl/android/hardware/ISensorPrivacyManager.aidl
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.hardware;
 
-import android.hardware.CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry;
 import android.hardware.ISensorPrivacyListener;
 
 /** @hide */
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@
 
     void setToggleSensorPrivacyForProfileGroup(int userId, int source, int sensor, boolean enable);
 
-    List<CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry> getCameraPrivacyAllowlist();
+    List<String> getCameraPrivacyAllowlist();
 
     int getToggleSensorPrivacyState(int toggleType, int sensor);
 
diff --git a/libs/sensorprivacy/include/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.h b/libs/sensorprivacy/include/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.h
index 9e97e16..8935b76 100644
--- a/libs/sensorprivacy/include/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.h
+++ b/libs/sensorprivacy/include/sensorprivacy/SensorPrivacyManager.h
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@
     enum {
         ENABLED = 1,
         DISABLED = 2,
-        AUTOMOTIVE_DRIVER_ASSISTANCE_HELPFUL_APPS = 3,
-        AUTOMOTIVE_DRIVER_ASSISTANCE_REQUIRED_APPS = 4,
-        AUTOMOTIVE_DRIVER_ASSISTANCE_APPS = 5
+        ENABLED_EXCEPT_ALLOWLISTED_APPS = 3
     };
 
     SensorPrivacyManager();
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@
     bool isToggleSensorPrivacyEnabled(int toggleType, int sensor);
     status_t isToggleSensorPrivacyEnabled(int toggleType, int sensor, bool &result);
     int getToggleSensorPrivacyState(int toggleType, int sensor);
-    std::vector<hardware::CameraPrivacyAllowlistEntry> getCameraPrivacyAllowlist();
+    std::vector<String16> getCameraPrivacyAllowlist();
     bool isCameraPrivacyEnabled(String16 packageName);
 
     status_t linkToDeath(const sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>& recipient);
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/.clang-format b/libs/tracing_perfetto/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f397454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+
+ColumnLimit: 80
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+IndentWidth: 2
+PointerAlignment: Left
+UseTab: Never
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 32
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a4c869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libtracing_perfetto",
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "include",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-enum-compare",
+        "-Wno-unused-function",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "tracing_perfetto.cpp",
+        "tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "libperfetto_c",
+        "android.os.flags-aconfig-cc-host",
+    ],
+
+    host_supported: true,
+}
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/OWNERS b/libs/tracing_perfetto/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2d4b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+zezeozue@google.com
+biswarupp@google.com
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/tracing_perfetto/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1805e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "libtracing_perfetto_tests"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/trace_categories.h b/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/trace_categories.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d4168b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/trace_categories.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TRACE_CATEGORIES_H
+#define TRACE_CATEGORIES_H
+
+/**
+ * Keep these in sync with frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Trace.java.
+ */
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_ALWAYS (1 << 0)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_GRAPHICS (1 << 1)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_INPUT (1 << 2)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_VIEW (1 << 3)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_WEBVIEW (1 << 4)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_WINDOW_MANAGER (1 << 5)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_ACTIVITY_MANAGER (1 << 6)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_SYNC_MANAGER (1 << 7)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_AUDIO (1 << 8)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_VIDEO (1 << 9)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_CAMERA (1 << 10)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_HAL (1 << 11)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_APP (1 << 12)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_RESOURCES (1 << 13)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_DALVIK (1 << 14)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_RS (1 << 15)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_BIONIC (1 << 16)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_POWER (1 << 17)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_PACKAGE_MANAGER (1 << 18)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_SYSTEM_SERVER (1 << 19)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_DATABASE (1 << 20)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_NETWORK (1 << 21)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_ADB (1 << 22)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_VIBRATOR (1 << 23)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_AIDL (1 << 24)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_NNAPI (1 << 25)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_RRO (1 << 26)
+#define TRACE_CATEGORY_THERMAL (1 << 27)
+
+// Allow all categories except TRACE_CATEGORY_APP
+#define TRACE_CATEGORIES                                                      \
+  TRACE_CATEGORY_ALWAYS | TRACE_CATEGORY_GRAPHICS | TRACE_CATEGORY_INPUT |    \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_VIEW | TRACE_CATEGORY_WEBVIEW |                          \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_WINDOW_MANAGER | TRACE_CATEGORY_ACTIVITY_MANAGER |       \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_SYNC_MANAGER | TRACE_CATEGORY_AUDIO |                    \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_VIDEO | TRACE_CATEGORY_CAMERA | TRACE_CATEGORY_HAL |     \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_RESOURCES | TRACE_CATEGORY_DALVIK | TRACE_CATEGORY_RS |  \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_BIONIC | TRACE_CATEGORY_POWER |                          \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_PACKAGE_MANAGER | TRACE_CATEGORY_SYSTEM_SERVER |         \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_DATABASE | TRACE_CATEGORY_NETWORK | TRACE_CATEGORY_ADB | \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_VIBRATOR | TRACE_CATEGORY_AIDL | TRACE_CATEGORY_NNAPI |  \
+      TRACE_CATEGORY_RRO | TRACE_CATEGORY_THERMAL
+#endif  // TRACE_CATEGORIES_H
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/trace_result.h
similarity index 66%
copy from services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp
copy to libs/tracing_perfetto/include/trace_result.h
index 770bc15..f7581fc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/trace_result.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.h"
+#ifndef TRACE_RESULT_H
+#define TRACE_RESULT_H
 
-namespace android::Hwc2::mock {
+namespace tracing_perfetto {
 
-// Explicit default instantiation is recommended.
-MockIPowerHintSession::MockIPowerHintSession() = default;
+enum class Result {
+  SUCCESS,
+  NOT_SUPPORTED,
+  INVALID_INPUT,
+};
 
-} // namespace android::Hwc2::mock
+}
+
+#endif  // TRACE_RESULT_H
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/tracing_perfetto.h b/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/tracing_perfetto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c1c2a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/include/tracing_perfetto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TRACING_PERFETTO_H
+#define TRACING_PERFETTO_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "trace_result.h"
+
+namespace tracing_perfetto {
+
+void registerWithPerfetto(bool test = false);
+
+Result traceBegin(uint64_t category, const char* name);
+
+Result traceEnd(uint64_t category);
+
+Result traceAsyncBegin(uint64_t category, const char* name, int32_t cookie);
+
+Result traceAsyncEnd(uint64_t category, const char* name, int32_t cookie);
+
+Result traceAsyncBeginForTrack(uint64_t category, const char* name,
+                               const char* trackName, int32_t cookie);
+
+Result traceAsyncEndForTrack(uint64_t category, const char* trackName,
+                             int32_t cookie);
+
+Result traceInstant(uint64_t category, const char* name);
+
+Result traceInstantForTrack(uint64_t category, const char* trackName,
+                            const char* name);
+
+Result traceCounter(uint64_t category, const char* name, int64_t value);
+
+bool isTagEnabled(uint64_t category);
+
+}  // namespace tracing_perfetto
+
+#endif  // TRACING_PERFETTO_H
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/Android.bp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a35b0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libtracing_perfetto_tests",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libflagtest",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.os.flags-aconfig-cc-host",
+        "libbase",
+        "libperfetto_c",
+        "libtracing_perfetto",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "tracing_perfetto_test.cpp",
+        "utils.cpp",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/tracing_perfetto_test.cpp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/tracing_perfetto_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7716b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/tracing_perfetto_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "tracing_perfetto.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android_os.h>
+#include <flag_macros.h>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/data_source_abi.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/heap_buffer.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/pb_decoder_abi.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/tracing_session_abi.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/track_event_abi.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/data_source.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/pb_decoder.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/producer.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/config/trace_config.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/interned_data/interned_data.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/test_event.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/trace.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/trace_packet.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/track_event/debug_annotation.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/track_event/track_descriptor.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/track_event/track_event.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/trace/trigger.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/te_category_macros.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/te_macros.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/track_event.h"
+#include "trace_categories.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+namespace tracing_perfetto {
+
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::AllFieldsWithId;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::FieldView;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::IdFieldView;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::MsgField;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::PbField;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::StringField;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::TracingSession;
+using ::perfetto::shlib::test_utils::VarIntField;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+
+const auto PERFETTO_SDK_TRACING = ACONFIG_FLAG(android::os, perfetto_sdk_tracing);
+
+class TracingPerfettoTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    tracing_perfetto::registerWithPerfetto(true /* test */);
+  }
+};
+
+// TODO(b/303199244): Add tests for all the library functions.
+
+TEST_F_WITH_FLAGS(TracingPerfettoTest, traceInstant,
+                  REQUIRES_FLAGS_ENABLED(PERFETTO_SDK_TRACING)) {
+  TracingSession tracing_session =
+      TracingSession::Builder().set_data_source_name("track_event").Build();
+  tracing_perfetto::traceInstant(TRACE_CATEGORY_INPUT, "");
+
+  tracing_session.StopBlocking();
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data = tracing_session.ReadBlocking();
+  bool found = false;
+  for (struct PerfettoPbDecoderField trace_field : FieldView(data)) {
+    ASSERT_THAT(trace_field, PbField(perfetto_protos_Trace_packet_field_number,
+                                     MsgField(_)));
+    IdFieldView track_event(
+        trace_field, perfetto_protos_TracePacket_track_event_field_number);
+    if (track_event.size() == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    found = true;
+    IdFieldView cat_iid_fields(
+        track_event.front(),
+        perfetto_protos_TrackEvent_category_iids_field_number);
+    ASSERT_THAT(cat_iid_fields, ElementsAre(VarIntField(_)));
+    uint64_t cat_iid = cat_iid_fields.front().value.integer64;
+    EXPECT_THAT(
+        trace_field,
+        AllFieldsWithId(
+            perfetto_protos_TracePacket_interned_data_field_number,
+            ElementsAre(AllFieldsWithId(
+                perfetto_protos_InternedData_event_categories_field_number,
+                ElementsAre(MsgField(UnorderedElementsAre(
+                    PbField(perfetto_protos_EventCategory_iid_field_number,
+                            VarIntField(cat_iid)),
+                    PbField(perfetto_protos_EventCategory_name_field_number,
+                            StringField("input")))))))));
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(found);
+}
+
+}  // namespace tracing_perfetto
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/utils.cpp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c42028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Copied from //external/perfetto/src/shared_lib/test/utils.cc
+
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/heap_buffer.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/pb_msg.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/pb_utils.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/config/data_source_config.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/config/trace_config.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/protos/config/track_event/track_event_config.pzc.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/tracing_session.h"
+
+namespace perfetto {
+namespace shlib {
+namespace test_utils {
+namespace {
+
+std::string ToHexChars(uint8_t val) {
+  std::string ret;
+  uint8_t high_nibble = (val & 0xF0) >> 4;
+  uint8_t low_nibble = (val & 0xF);
+  static const char hex_chars[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+  ret.push_back(hex_chars[high_nibble]);
+  ret.push_back(hex_chars[low_nibble]);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TracingSession TracingSession::Builder::Build() {
+  struct PerfettoPbMsgWriter writer;
+  struct PerfettoHeapBuffer* hb = PerfettoHeapBufferCreate(&writer.writer);
+
+  struct perfetto_protos_TraceConfig cfg;
+  PerfettoPbMsgInit(&cfg.msg, &writer);
+
+  {
+    struct perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_BufferConfig buffers;
+    perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_begin_buffers(&cfg, &buffers);
+
+    perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_BufferConfig_set_size_kb(&buffers, 1024);
+
+    perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_end_buffers(&cfg, &buffers);
+  }
+
+  {
+    struct perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_DataSource data_sources;
+    perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_begin_data_sources(&cfg, &data_sources);
+
+    {
+      struct perfetto_protos_DataSourceConfig ds_cfg;
+      perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_DataSource_begin_config(&data_sources,
+                                                          &ds_cfg);
+
+      perfetto_protos_DataSourceConfig_set_cstr_name(&ds_cfg,
+                                                     data_source_name_.c_str());
+      if (!enabled_categories_.empty() && !disabled_categories_.empty()) {
+        perfetto_protos_TrackEventConfig te_cfg;
+        perfetto_protos_DataSourceConfig_begin_track_event_config(&ds_cfg,
+                                                                  &te_cfg);
+        for (const std::string& cat : enabled_categories_) {
+          perfetto_protos_TrackEventConfig_set_enabled_categories(
+              &te_cfg, cat.data(), cat.size());
+        }
+        for (const std::string& cat : disabled_categories_) {
+          perfetto_protos_TrackEventConfig_set_disabled_categories(
+              &te_cfg, cat.data(), cat.size());
+        }
+        perfetto_protos_DataSourceConfig_end_track_event_config(&ds_cfg,
+                                                                &te_cfg);
+      }
+
+      perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_DataSource_end_config(&data_sources, &ds_cfg);
+    }
+
+    perfetto_protos_TraceConfig_end_data_sources(&cfg, &data_sources);
+  }
+  size_t cfg_size = PerfettoStreamWriterGetWrittenSize(&writer.writer);
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> ser(new uint8_t[cfg_size]);
+  PerfettoHeapBufferCopyInto(hb, &writer.writer, ser.get(), cfg_size);
+  PerfettoHeapBufferDestroy(hb, &writer.writer);
+
+  struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl* ts =
+      PerfettoTracingSessionCreate(PERFETTO_BACKEND_IN_PROCESS);
+
+  PerfettoTracingSessionSetup(ts, ser.get(), cfg_size);
+
+  PerfettoTracingSessionStartBlocking(ts);
+
+  return TracingSession::Adopt(ts);
+}
+
+TracingSession TracingSession::Adopt(struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl* session) {
+  TracingSession ret;
+  ret.session_ = session;
+  ret.stopped_ = std::make_unique<WaitableEvent>();
+  PerfettoTracingSessionSetStopCb(
+      ret.session_,
+      [](struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl*, void* arg) {
+        static_cast<WaitableEvent*>(arg)->Notify();
+      },
+      ret.stopped_.get());
+  return ret;
+}
+
+TracingSession::TracingSession(TracingSession&& other) noexcept {
+  session_ = other.session_;
+  other.session_ = nullptr;
+  stopped_ = std::move(other.stopped_);
+  other.stopped_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+TracingSession::~TracingSession() {
+  if (!session_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!stopped_->IsNotified()) {
+    PerfettoTracingSessionStopBlocking(session_);
+    stopped_->WaitForNotification();
+  }
+  PerfettoTracingSessionDestroy(session_);
+}
+
+bool TracingSession::FlushBlocking(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+  WaitableEvent notification;
+  bool result;
+  auto* cb = new std::function<void(bool)>([&](bool success) {
+    result = success;
+    notification.Notify();
+  });
+  PerfettoTracingSessionFlushAsync(
+      session_, timeout_ms,
+      [](PerfettoTracingSessionImpl*, bool success, void* user_arg) {
+        auto* f = reinterpret_cast<std::function<void(bool)>*>(user_arg);
+        (*f)(success);
+        delete f;
+      },
+      cb);
+  notification.WaitForNotification();
+  return result;
+}
+
+void TracingSession::WaitForStopped() {
+  stopped_->WaitForNotification();
+}
+
+void TracingSession::StopBlocking() {
+  PerfettoTracingSessionStopBlocking(session_);
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> TracingSession::ReadBlocking() {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  PerfettoTracingSessionReadTraceBlocking(
+      session_,
+      [](struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl*, const void* trace_data,
+         size_t size, bool, void* user_arg) {
+        auto& dst = *static_cast<std::vector<uint8_t>*>(user_arg);
+        auto* src = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(trace_data);
+        dst.insert(dst.end(), src, src + size);
+      },
+      &data);
+  return data;
+}
+
+}  // namespace test_utils
+}  // namespace shlib
+}  // namespace perfetto
+
+void PrintTo(const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field, std::ostream* pos) {
+  std::ostream& os = *pos;
+  PerfettoPbDecoderStatus status =
+      static_cast<PerfettoPbDecoderStatus>(field.status);
+  switch (status) {
+    case PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_ERROR:
+      os << "MALFORMED PROTOBUF";
+      break;
+    case PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_DONE:
+      os << "DECODER DONE";
+      break;
+    case PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK:
+      switch (field.wire_type) {
+        case PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED:
+          os << "\"";
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < field.value.delimited.len; i++) {
+            os << perfetto::shlib::test_utils::ToHexChars(
+                      field.value.delimited.start[i])
+               << " ";
+          }
+          os << "\"";
+          break;
+        case PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT:
+          os << "varint: " << field.value.integer64;
+          break;
+        case PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_FIXED32:
+          os << "fixed32: " << field.value.integer32;
+          break;
+        case PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_FIXED64:
+          os << "fixed64: " << field.value.integer64;
+          break;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/utils.h b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4353554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tests/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Copied from //external/perfetto/src/shared_lib/test/utils.h
+
+#ifndef UTILS_H
+#define UTILS_H
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-matchers.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/abi/pb_decoder_abi.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/pb_utils.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/tracing_session.h"
+
+// Pretty printer for gtest
+void PrintTo(const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field, std::ostream*);
+
+namespace perfetto {
+namespace shlib {
+namespace test_utils {
+
+class WaitableEvent {
+ public:
+  WaitableEvent() = default;
+  void Notify() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_);
+    notified_ = true;
+    cv_.notify_one();
+  }
+  bool WaitForNotification() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_);
+    cv_.wait(lock, [this] { return notified_; });
+    return notified_;
+  }
+  bool IsNotified() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_);
+    return notified_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::mutex m_;
+  std::condition_variable cv_;
+  bool notified_ = false;
+};
+
+class TracingSession {
+ public:
+  class Builder {
+   public:
+    Builder() = default;
+    Builder& set_data_source_name(std::string data_source_name) {
+      data_source_name_ = std::move(data_source_name);
+      return *this;
+    }
+    Builder& add_enabled_category(std::string category) {
+      enabled_categories_.push_back(std::move(category));
+      return *this;
+    }
+    Builder& add_disabled_category(std::string category) {
+      disabled_categories_.push_back(std::move(category));
+      return *this;
+    }
+    TracingSession Build();
+
+   private:
+    std::string data_source_name_;
+    std::vector<std::string> enabled_categories_;
+    std::vector<std::string> disabled_categories_;
+  };
+
+  static TracingSession Adopt(struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl*);
+
+  TracingSession(TracingSession&&) noexcept;
+
+  ~TracingSession();
+
+  struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl* session() const {
+    return session_;
+  }
+
+  bool FlushBlocking(uint32_t timeout_ms);
+  void WaitForStopped();
+  void StopBlocking();
+  std::vector<uint8_t> ReadBlocking();
+
+ private:
+  TracingSession() = default;
+  struct PerfettoTracingSessionImpl* session_;
+  std::unique_ptr<WaitableEvent> stopped_;
+};
+
+template <typename FieldSkipper>
+class FieldViewBase {
+ public:
+  class Iterator {
+   public:
+    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = const PerfettoPbDecoderField;
+    using pointer = value_type;
+    using reference = value_type;
+    reference operator*() const {
+      struct PerfettoPbDecoder decoder;
+      decoder.read_ptr = read_ptr_;
+      decoder.end_ptr = end_ptr_;
+      struct PerfettoPbDecoderField field;
+      do {
+        field = PerfettoPbDecoderParseField(&decoder);
+      } while (field.status == PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK &&
+               skipper_.ShouldSkip(field));
+      return field;
+    }
+    Iterator& operator++() {
+      struct PerfettoPbDecoder decoder;
+      decoder.read_ptr = read_ptr_;
+      decoder.end_ptr = end_ptr_;
+      PerfettoPbDecoderSkipField(&decoder);
+      read_ptr_ = decoder.read_ptr;
+      AdvanceToFirstInterestingField();
+      return *this;
+    }
+    Iterator operator++(int) {
+      Iterator tmp = *this;
+      ++(*this);
+      return tmp;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator==(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) {
+      return a.read_ptr_ == b.read_ptr_;
+    }
+    friend bool operator!=(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) {
+      return a.read_ptr_ != b.read_ptr_;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const uint8_t* read_ptr, const uint8_t* end_ptr,
+             const FieldSkipper& skipper)
+        : read_ptr_(read_ptr), end_ptr_(end_ptr), skipper_(skipper) {
+      AdvanceToFirstInterestingField();
+    }
+    void AdvanceToFirstInterestingField() {
+      struct PerfettoPbDecoder decoder;
+      decoder.read_ptr = read_ptr_;
+      decoder.end_ptr = end_ptr_;
+      struct PerfettoPbDecoderField field;
+      const uint8_t* prev_read_ptr;
+      do {
+        prev_read_ptr = decoder.read_ptr;
+        field = PerfettoPbDecoderParseField(&decoder);
+      } while (field.status == PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK &&
+               skipper_.ShouldSkip(field));
+      if (field.status == PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK) {
+        read_ptr_ = prev_read_ptr;
+      } else {
+        read_ptr_ = decoder.read_ptr;
+      }
+    }
+    friend class FieldViewBase<FieldSkipper>;
+    const uint8_t* read_ptr_;
+    const uint8_t* end_ptr_;
+    const FieldSkipper& skipper_;
+  };
+  using value_type = const PerfettoPbDecoderField;
+  using const_iterator = Iterator;
+  template <typename... Args>
+  explicit FieldViewBase(const uint8_t* begin, const uint8_t* end, Args... args)
+      : begin_(begin), end_(end), s_(args...) {
+  }
+  template <typename... Args>
+  explicit FieldViewBase(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, Args... args)
+      : FieldViewBase(data.data(), data.data() + data.size(), args...) {
+  }
+  template <typename... Args>
+  explicit FieldViewBase(const struct PerfettoPbDecoderField& field,
+                         Args... args)
+      : s_(args...) {
+    if (field.wire_type != PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
+      abort();
+    }
+    begin_ = field.value.delimited.start;
+    end_ = begin_ + field.value.delimited.len;
+  }
+  Iterator begin() const {
+    return Iterator(begin_, end_, s_);
+  }
+  Iterator end() const {
+    return Iterator(end_, end_, s_);
+  }
+  PerfettoPbDecoderField front() const {
+    return *begin();
+  }
+
+  size_t size() const {
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (auto field : *this) {
+      (void)field;
+      count++;
+    }
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  bool ok() const {
+    for (auto field : *this) {
+      if (field.status != PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const uint8_t* begin_;
+  const uint8_t* end_;
+  FieldSkipper s_;
+};
+
+// Pretty printer for gtest
+template <typename FieldSkipper>
+void PrintTo(const FieldViewBase<FieldSkipper>& field_view, std::ostream* pos) {
+  std::ostream& os = *pos;
+  os << "{";
+  for (PerfettoPbDecoderField f : field_view) {
+    PrintTo(f, pos);
+    os << ", ";
+  }
+  os << "}";
+}
+
+class IdFieldSkipper {
+ public:
+  explicit IdFieldSkipper(uint32_t id) : id_(id) {
+  }
+  explicit IdFieldSkipper(int32_t id) : id_(static_cast<uint32_t>(id)) {
+  }
+  bool ShouldSkip(const struct PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) const {
+    return field.id != id_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  uint32_t id_;
+};
+
+class NoFieldSkipper {
+ public:
+  NoFieldSkipper() = default;
+  bool ShouldSkip(const struct PerfettoPbDecoderField&) const {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+// View over all the fields of a contiguous serialized protobuf message.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// for (struct PerfettoPbDecoderField field : FieldView(msg_begin, msg_end)) {
+//   //...
+// }
+// FieldView fields2(/*PerfettoPbDecoderField*/ nested_field);
+// FieldView fields3(/*std::vector<uint8_t>*/ data);
+// size_t num = fields1.size(); // The number of fields.
+// bool ok = fields1.ok(); // Checks that the message is not malformed.
+using FieldView = FieldViewBase<NoFieldSkipper>;
+
+// Like `FieldView`, but only considers fields with a specific id.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// IdFieldView fields(msg_begin, msg_end, id)
+using IdFieldView = FieldViewBase<IdFieldSkipper>;
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField with the specified id. Accepts another
+// matcher to match the contents of the field.
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, PbField(900, VarIntField(5)));
+template <typename M>
+auto PbField(int32_t id, M m) {
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::id, id), m);
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField submessage field. Accepts a container
+// matcher for the subfields.
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, MsgField(ElementsAre(...)));
+template <typename M>
+auto MsgField(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) { return FieldView(field); };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField length delimited field. Accepts a string
+// matcher.
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, StringField("string"));
+template <typename M>
+auto StringField(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return std::string(
+        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(field.value.delimited.start),
+        field.value.delimited.len);
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField VarInt field. Accepts an integer matcher
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, VarIntField(1)));
+template <typename M>
+auto VarIntField(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return field.value.integer64;
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField fixed64 field. Accepts an integer matcher
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, Fixed64Field(1)));
+template <typename M>
+auto Fixed64Field(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return field.value.integer64;
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_FIXED64),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField fixed32 field. Accepts an integer matcher
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, Fixed32Field(1)));
+template <typename M>
+auto Fixed32Field(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return field.value.integer32;
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_FIXED32),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField double field. Accepts a double matcher
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, DoubleField(1.0)));
+template <typename M>
+auto DoubleField(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return field.value.double_val;
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_FIXED64),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField float field. Accepts a float matcher
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, FloatField(1.0)));
+template <typename M>
+auto FloatField(M m) {
+  auto f = [](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return field.value.float_val;
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_FIXED32),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+// Matches a PerfettoPbDecoderField submessage field. Accepts a container
+// matcher for the subfields.
+//
+// Example:
+// PerfettoPbDecoderField field = ...
+// EXPECT_THAT(field, AllFieldsWithId(900, ElementsAre(...)));
+template <typename M>
+auto AllFieldsWithId(int32_t id, M m) {
+  auto f = [id](const PerfettoPbDecoderField& field) {
+    return IdFieldView(field, id);
+  };
+  return testing::AllOf(
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::status, PERFETTO_PB_DECODER_OK),
+      testing::Field(&PerfettoPbDecoderField::wire_type,
+                     PERFETTO_PB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED),
+      testing::ResultOf(f, m));
+}
+
+}  // namespace test_utils
+}  // namespace shlib
+}  // namespace perfetto
+
+#endif  // UTILS_H
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto.cpp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f716ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "tracing_perfetto.h"
+
+#include <cutils/trace.h>
+
+#include "perfetto/public/te_category_macros.h"
+#include "trace_categories.h"
+#include "tracing_perfetto_internal.h"
+
+namespace tracing_perfetto {
+
+void registerWithPerfetto(bool test) {
+  internal::registerWithPerfetto(test);
+}
+
+Result traceBegin(uint64_t category, const char* name) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceBegin(*perfettoTeCategory, name);
+  } else {
+    atrace_begin(category, name);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceEnd(uint64_t category) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceEnd(*perfettoTeCategory);
+  } else {
+    atrace_end(category);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceAsyncBegin(uint64_t category, const char* name, int32_t cookie) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceAsyncBegin(*perfettoTeCategory, name, cookie);
+  } else {
+    atrace_async_begin(category, name, cookie);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceAsyncEnd(uint64_t category, const char* name, int32_t cookie) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceAsyncEnd(*perfettoTeCategory, name, cookie);
+  } else {
+    atrace_async_end(category, name, cookie);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceAsyncBeginForTrack(uint64_t category, const char* name,
+                               const char* trackName, int32_t cookie) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceAsyncBeginForTrack(*perfettoTeCategory, name, trackName, cookie);
+  } else {
+    atrace_async_for_track_begin(category, trackName, name, cookie);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceAsyncEndForTrack(uint64_t category, const char* trackName,
+                             int32_t cookie) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceAsyncEndForTrack(*perfettoTeCategory, trackName, cookie);
+  } else {
+    atrace_async_for_track_end(category, trackName, cookie);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceInstant(uint64_t category, const char* name) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceInstant(*perfettoTeCategory, name);
+  } else {
+    atrace_instant(category, name);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceInstantForTrack(uint64_t category, const char* trackName,
+                            const char* name) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceInstantForTrack(*perfettoTeCategory, trackName, name);
+  } else {
+    atrace_instant_for_track(category, trackName, name);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+Result traceCounter(uint64_t category, const char* name, int64_t value) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return internal::perfettoTraceCounter(*perfettoTeCategory, name, value);
+  } else {
+    atrace_int64(category, name, value);
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+bool isTagEnabled(uint64_t category) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoTeCategory =
+      internal::toPerfettoCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoTeCategory != nullptr) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return (atrace_get_enabled_tags() & category) != 0;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace tracing_perfetto
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..758ace6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define FRAMEWORK_CATEGORIES(C)                                  \
+  C(always, "always", "Always category")                         \
+  C(graphics, "graphics", "Graphics category")                   \
+  C(input, "input", "Input category")                            \
+  C(view, "view", "View category")                               \
+  C(webview, "webview", "WebView category")                      \
+  C(windowmanager, "wm", "WindowManager category")               \
+  C(activitymanager, "am", "ActivityManager category")           \
+  C(syncmanager, "syncmanager", "SyncManager category")          \
+  C(audio, "audio", "Audio category")                            \
+  C(video, "video", "Video category")                            \
+  C(camera, "camera", "Camera category")                         \
+  C(hal, "hal", "HAL category")                                  \
+  C(app, "app", "App category")                                  \
+  C(resources, "res", "Resources category")                      \
+  C(dalvik, "dalvik", "Dalvik category")                         \
+  C(rs, "rs", "RS category")                                     \
+  C(bionic, "bionic", "Bionic category")                         \
+  C(power, "power", "Power category")                            \
+  C(packagemanager, "packagemanager", "PackageManager category") \
+  C(systemserver, "ss", "System Server category")                \
+  C(database, "database", "Database category")                   \
+  C(network, "network", "Network category")                      \
+  C(adb, "adb", "ADB category")                                  \
+  C(vibrator, "vibrator", "Vibrator category")                   \
+  C(aidl, "aidl", "AIDL category")                               \
+  C(nnapi, "nnapi", "NNAPI category")                            \
+  C(rro, "rro", "RRO category")                                  \
+  C(thermal, "thermal", "Thermal category")
+
+#include "tracing_perfetto_internal.h"
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <android_os.h>
+
+#include "perfetto/public/compiler.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/producer.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/te_category_macros.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/te_macros.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/track_event.h"
+#include "trace_categories.h"
+#include "trace_result.h"
+
+namespace tracing_perfetto {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+
+PERFETTO_TE_CATEGORIES_DECLARE(FRAMEWORK_CATEGORIES);
+
+PERFETTO_TE_CATEGORIES_DEFINE(FRAMEWORK_CATEGORIES);
+
+std::atomic_bool is_perfetto_registered = false;
+
+struct PerfettoTeCategory* toCategory(uint64_t inCategory) {
+  switch (inCategory) {
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_ALWAYS:
+      return &always;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_GRAPHICS:
+      return &graphics;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_INPUT:
+      return &input;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_VIEW:
+      return &view;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_WEBVIEW:
+      return &webview;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_WINDOW_MANAGER:
+      return &windowmanager;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_ACTIVITY_MANAGER:
+      return &activitymanager;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_SYNC_MANAGER:
+      return &syncmanager;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_AUDIO:
+      return &audio;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_VIDEO:
+      return &video;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_CAMERA:
+      return &camera;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_HAL:
+      return &hal;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_APP:
+      return &app;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_RESOURCES:
+      return &resources;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_DALVIK:
+      return &dalvik;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_RS:
+      return &rs;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_BIONIC:
+      return &bionic;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_POWER:
+      return &power;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_PACKAGE_MANAGER:
+      return &packagemanager;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_SYSTEM_SERVER:
+      return &systemserver;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_DATABASE:
+      return &database;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_NETWORK:
+      return &network;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_ADB:
+      return &adb;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_VIBRATOR:
+      return &vibrator;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_AIDL:
+      return &aidl;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_NNAPI:
+      return &nnapi;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_RRO:
+      return &rro;
+    case TRACE_CATEGORY_THERMAL:
+      return &thermal;
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool isPerfettoRegistered() {
+  return is_perfetto_registered;
+}
+
+struct PerfettoTeCategory* toPerfettoCategory(uint64_t category) {
+  struct PerfettoTeCategory* perfettoCategory = toCategory(category);
+  if (perfettoCategory == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  bool enabled = PERFETTO_UNLIKELY(PERFETTO_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT(
+      (*perfettoCategory).enabled, PERFETTO_MEMORY_ORDER_RELAXED));
+  return enabled ? perfettoCategory : nullptr;
+}
+
+void registerWithPerfetto(bool test) {
+  if (!android::os::perfetto_sdk_tracing()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  static std::once_flag registration;
+  std::call_once(registration, [test]() {
+    struct PerfettoProducerInitArgs args = PERFETTO_PRODUCER_INIT_ARGS_INIT();
+    args.backends = test ? PERFETTO_BACKEND_IN_PROCESS : PERFETTO_BACKEND_SYSTEM;
+    PerfettoProducerInit(args);
+    PerfettoTeInit();
+    PERFETTO_TE_REGISTER_CATEGORIES(FRAMEWORK_CATEGORIES);
+    is_perfetto_registered = true;
+  });
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceBegin(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_BEGIN(name));
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceEnd(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_END());
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncBeginForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                                       const char* trackName, uint64_t cookie) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(
+      category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_BEGIN(name),
+      PERFETTO_TE_NAMED_TRACK(trackName, cookie, PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()));
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncEndForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
+                                     const char* trackName, uint64_t cookie) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(
+      category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_END(),
+      PERFETTO_TE_NAMED_TRACK(trackName, cookie, PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()));
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncBegin(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                               uint64_t cookie) {
+  return perfettoTraceAsyncBeginForTrack(category, name, name, cookie);
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncEnd(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                             uint64_t cookie) {
+  return perfettoTraceAsyncEndForTrack(category, name, cookie);
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceInstant(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(category, PERFETTO_TE_INSTANT(name));
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceInstantForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
+                                    const char* trackName, const char* name) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(
+      category, PERFETTO_TE_INSTANT(name),
+      PERFETTO_TE_NAMED_TRACK(trackName, 1, PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()));
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Result perfettoTraceCounter(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
+                            [[maybe_unused]] const char* name, int64_t value) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(category, PERFETTO_TE_COUNTER(),
+              PERFETTO_TE_INT_COUNTER(value));
+  return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+uint64_t getDefaultCategories() {
+  return TRACE_CATEGORIES;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace tracing_perfetto
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.h b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79e4b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TRACING_PERFETTO_INTERNAL_H
+#define TRACING_PERFETTO_INTERNAL_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "include/trace_result.h"
+#include "perfetto/public/te_category_macros.h"
+
+namespace tracing_perfetto {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+bool isPerfettoRegistered();
+
+struct PerfettoTeCategory* toPerfettoCategory(uint64_t category);
+
+void registerWithPerfetto(bool test = false);
+
+Result perfettoTraceBegin(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name);
+
+Result perfettoTraceEnd(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category);
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncBegin(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                               uint64_t cookie);
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncEnd(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                             uint64_t cookie);
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncBeginForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                                       const char* trackName, uint64_t cookie);
+
+Result perfettoTraceAsyncEndForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
+                                     const char* trackName, uint64_t cookie);
+
+Result perfettoTraceInstant(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name);
+
+Result perfettoTraceInstantForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
+                                    const char* trackName, const char* name);
+
+Result perfettoTraceCounter(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
+                            int64_t value);
+
+uint64_t getDefaultCategories();
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace tracing_perfetto
+
+#endif  // TRACING_PERFETTO_INTERNAL_H
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
index e487cbc..af0bcff 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 static const char* RO_DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY = "ro.hardware.egl";
 static const char* RO_BOARD_PLATFORM_PROPERTY = "ro.board.platform";
 static const char* ANGLE_SUFFIX_VALUE = "angle";
-static const char* VENDOR_ANGLE_BUILD = "ro.gfx.angle.supported";
 
 static const char* HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[3] = {
         PERSIST_DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY,
@@ -494,14 +493,9 @@
 
     void* dso = nullptr;
 
-    const bool AngleInVendor = property_get_bool(VENDOR_ANGLE_BUILD, false);
     const bool isSuffixAngle = suffix != nullptr && strcmp(suffix, ANGLE_SUFFIX_VALUE) == 0;
-    // Only use sphal namespace when system ANGLE binaries are not the default drivers.
-    const bool useSphalNamespace =  !isSuffixAngle || AngleInVendor;
-
     const std::string absolutePath =
-            findLibrary(libraryName, useSphalNamespace ? VENDOR_LIB_EGL_DIR : SYSTEM_LIB_PATH,
-                        exact);
+            findLibrary(libraryName, isSuffixAngle ? SYSTEM_LIB_PATH : VENDOR_LIB_EGL_DIR, exact);
     if (absolutePath.empty()) {
         // this happens often, we don't want to log an error
         return nullptr;
@@ -509,8 +503,9 @@
     const char* const driverAbsolutePath = absolutePath.c_str();
 
     // Currently the default driver is unlikely to be ANGLE on most devices,
-    // hence put this first.
-    if (useSphalNamespace) {
+    // hence put this first. Only use sphal namespace when system ANGLE binaries
+    // are not the default drivers.
+    if (!isSuffixAngle) {
         // Try to load drivers from the 'sphal' namespace, if it exist. Fall back to
         // the original routine when the namespace does not exist.
         // See /system/linkerconfig/contents/namespace for the configuration of the
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputProcessor.h b/services/inputflinger/InputProcessor.h
index dcbfebc..7a00a2d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputProcessor.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputProcessor.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/input/processor/IInputProcessor.h>
-#include "BlockingQueue.h"
+#include <input/BlockingQueue.h>
 #include "InputListener.h"
 namespace android {
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.cpp
index 3ac4285..c333814 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 namespace {
+
 bool isFromMouse(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
     return isFromSource(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE) &&
             args.pointerProperties[0].toolType == ToolType::MOUSE;
@@ -44,13 +45,23 @@
 bool isStylusHoverEvent(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
     return isStylusEvent(args.source, args.pointerProperties) && isHoverAction(args.action);
 }
+
+inline void notifyPointerDisplayChange(std::optional<std::tuple<int32_t, FloatPoint>> change,
+                                       PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface& policy) {
+    if (!change) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const auto& [displayId, cursorPosition] = *change;
+    policy.notifyPointerDisplayIdChanged(displayId, cursorPosition);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 // --- PointerChoreographer ---
 
 PointerChoreographer::PointerChoreographer(InputListenerInterface& listener,
                                            PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface& policy)
-      : mTouchControllerConstructor([this]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+      : mTouchControllerConstructor([this]() {
             return mPolicy.createPointerController(
                     PointerControllerInterface::ControllerType::TOUCH);
         }),
@@ -62,10 +73,16 @@
         mStylusPointerIconEnabled(false) {}
 
 void PointerChoreographer::notifyInputDevicesChanged(const NotifyInputDevicesChangedArgs& args) {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    PointerDisplayChange pointerDisplayChange;
 
-    mInputDeviceInfos = args.inputDeviceInfos;
-    updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    { // acquire lock
+        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+
+        mInputDeviceInfos = args.inputDeviceInfos;
+        pointerDisplayChange = updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    } // release lock
+
+    notifyPointerDisplayChange(pointerDisplayChange, mPolicy);
     mNextListener.notify(args);
 }
 
@@ -104,27 +121,38 @@
                    << args.dump();
     }
 
-    auto [displayId, pc] = getDisplayIdAndMouseControllerLocked(args.displayId);
+    auto [displayId, pc] = ensureMouseControllerLocked(args.displayId);
+    NotifyMotionArgs newArgs(args);
+    newArgs.displayId = displayId;
 
-    const float deltaX = args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X);
-    const float deltaY = args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y);
-    pc.move(deltaX, deltaY);
+    if (MotionEvent::isValidCursorPosition(args.xCursorPosition, args.yCursorPosition)) {
+        // This is an absolute mouse device that knows about the location of the cursor on the
+        // display, so set the cursor position to the specified location.
+        const auto [x, y] = pc.getPosition();
+        const float deltaX = args.xCursorPosition - x;
+        const float deltaY = args.yCursorPosition - y;
+        newArgs.pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, deltaX);
+        newArgs.pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, deltaY);
+        pc.setPosition(args.xCursorPosition, args.yCursorPosition);
+    } else {
+        // This is a relative mouse, so move the cursor by the specified amount.
+        const float deltaX = args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X);
+        const float deltaY = args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y);
+        pc.move(deltaX, deltaY);
+        const auto [x, y] = pc.getPosition();
+        newArgs.pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
+        newArgs.pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y);
+        newArgs.xCursorPosition = x;
+        newArgs.yCursorPosition = y;
+    }
     if (canUnfadeOnDisplay(displayId)) {
         pc.unfade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::IMMEDIATE);
     }
-
-    const auto [x, y] = pc.getPosition();
-    NotifyMotionArgs newArgs(args);
-    newArgs.pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
-    newArgs.pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y);
-    newArgs.xCursorPosition = x;
-    newArgs.yCursorPosition = y;
-    newArgs.displayId = displayId;
     return newArgs;
 }
 
 NotifyMotionArgs PointerChoreographer::processTouchpadEventLocked(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
-    auto [displayId, pc] = getDisplayIdAndMouseControllerLocked(args.displayId);
+    auto [displayId, pc] = ensureMouseControllerLocked(args.displayId);
 
     NotifyMotionArgs newArgs(args);
     newArgs.displayId = displayId;
@@ -260,7 +288,7 @@
 
 void PointerChoreographer::notifyPointerCaptureChanged(
         const NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs& args) {
-    if (args.request.enable) {
+    if (args.request.isEnable()) {
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         for (const auto& [_, mousePointerController] : mMousePointersByDisplay) {
             mousePointerController->fade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::IMMEDIATE);
@@ -308,17 +336,13 @@
     return associatedDisplayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE ? mDefaultMouseDisplayId : associatedDisplayId;
 }
 
-std::pair<int32_t, PointerControllerInterface&>
-PointerChoreographer::getDisplayIdAndMouseControllerLocked(int32_t associatedDisplayId) {
+std::pair<int32_t, PointerControllerInterface&> PointerChoreographer::ensureMouseControllerLocked(
+        int32_t associatedDisplayId) {
     const int32_t displayId = getTargetMouseDisplayLocked(associatedDisplayId);
 
-    // Get the mouse pointer controller for the display, or create one if it doesn't exist.
-    auto [it, emplaced] =
-            mMousePointersByDisplay.try_emplace(displayId,
-                                                getMouseControllerConstructor(displayId));
-    if (emplaced) {
-        notifyPointerDisplayIdChangedLocked();
-    }
+    auto it = mMousePointersByDisplay.find(displayId);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mMousePointersByDisplay.end(),
+                        "There is no mouse controller created for display %d", displayId);
 
     return {displayId, *it->second};
 }
@@ -333,7 +357,7 @@
     return mDisplaysWithPointersHidden.find(displayId) == mDisplaysWithPointersHidden.end();
 }
 
-void PointerChoreographer::updatePointerControllersLocked() {
+PointerChoreographer::PointerDisplayChange PointerChoreographer::updatePointerControllersLocked() {
     std::set<int32_t /*displayId*/> mouseDisplaysToKeep;
     std::set<DeviceId> touchDevicesToKeep;
     std::set<DeviceId> stylusDevicesToKeep;
@@ -382,11 +406,12 @@
                 mInputDeviceInfos.end();
     });
 
-    // Notify the policy if there's a change on the pointer display ID.
-    notifyPointerDisplayIdChangedLocked();
+    // Check if we need to notify the policy if there's a change on the pointer display ID.
+    return calculatePointerDisplayChangeToNotify();
 }
 
-void PointerChoreographer::notifyPointerDisplayIdChangedLocked() {
+PointerChoreographer::PointerDisplayChange
+PointerChoreographer::calculatePointerDisplayChangeToNotify() {
     int32_t displayIdToNotify = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
     FloatPoint cursorPosition = {0, 0};
     if (const auto it = mMousePointersByDisplay.find(mDefaultMouseDisplayId);
@@ -398,38 +423,49 @@
         displayIdToNotify = pointerController->getDisplayId();
         cursorPosition = pointerController->getPosition();
     }
-
     if (mNotifiedPointerDisplayId == displayIdToNotify) {
-        return;
+        return {};
     }
-    mPolicy.notifyPointerDisplayIdChanged(displayIdToNotify, cursorPosition);
     mNotifiedPointerDisplayId = displayIdToNotify;
+    return {{displayIdToNotify, cursorPosition}};
 }
 
 void PointerChoreographer::setDefaultMouseDisplayId(int32_t displayId) {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    PointerDisplayChange pointerDisplayChange;
 
-    mDefaultMouseDisplayId = displayId;
-    updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    { // acquire lock
+        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+
+        mDefaultMouseDisplayId = displayId;
+        pointerDisplayChange = updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    } // release lock
+
+    notifyPointerDisplayChange(pointerDisplayChange, mPolicy);
 }
 
 void PointerChoreographer::setDisplayViewports(const std::vector<DisplayViewport>& viewports) {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
-    for (const auto& viewport : viewports) {
-        const int32_t displayId = viewport.displayId;
-        if (const auto it = mMousePointersByDisplay.find(displayId);
-            it != mMousePointersByDisplay.end()) {
-            it->second->setDisplayViewport(viewport);
-        }
-        for (const auto& [deviceId, stylusPointerController] : mStylusPointersByDevice) {
-            const InputDeviceInfo* info = findInputDeviceLocked(deviceId);
-            if (info && info->getAssociatedDisplayId() == displayId) {
-                stylusPointerController->setDisplayViewport(viewport);
+    PointerDisplayChange pointerDisplayChange;
+
+    { // acquire lock
+        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+        for (const auto& viewport : viewports) {
+            const int32_t displayId = viewport.displayId;
+            if (const auto it = mMousePointersByDisplay.find(displayId);
+                it != mMousePointersByDisplay.end()) {
+                it->second->setDisplayViewport(viewport);
+            }
+            for (const auto& [deviceId, stylusPointerController] : mStylusPointersByDevice) {
+                const InputDeviceInfo* info = findInputDeviceLocked(deviceId);
+                if (info && info->getAssociatedDisplayId() == displayId) {
+                    stylusPointerController->setDisplayViewport(viewport);
+                }
             }
         }
-    }
-    mViewports = viewports;
-    notifyPointerDisplayIdChangedLocked();
+        mViewports = viewports;
+        pointerDisplayChange = calculatePointerDisplayChangeToNotify();
+    } // release lock
+
+    notifyPointerDisplayChange(pointerDisplayChange, mPolicy);
 }
 
 std::optional<DisplayViewport> PointerChoreographer::getViewportForPointerDevice(
@@ -453,21 +489,33 @@
 }
 
 void PointerChoreographer::setShowTouchesEnabled(bool enabled) {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
-    if (mShowTouchesEnabled == enabled) {
-        return;
-    }
-    mShowTouchesEnabled = enabled;
-    updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    PointerDisplayChange pointerDisplayChange;
+
+    { // acquire lock
+        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+        if (mShowTouchesEnabled == enabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mShowTouchesEnabled = enabled;
+        pointerDisplayChange = updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    } // release lock
+
+    notifyPointerDisplayChange(pointerDisplayChange, mPolicy);
 }
 
 void PointerChoreographer::setStylusPointerIconEnabled(bool enabled) {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
-    if (mStylusPointerIconEnabled == enabled) {
-        return;
-    }
-    mStylusPointerIconEnabled = enabled;
-    updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    PointerDisplayChange pointerDisplayChange;
+
+    { // acquire lock
+        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+        if (mStylusPointerIconEnabled == enabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mStylusPointerIconEnabled = enabled;
+        pointerDisplayChange = updatePointerControllersLocked();
+    } // release lock
+
+    notifyPointerDisplayChange(pointerDisplayChange, mPolicy);
 }
 
 bool PointerChoreographer::setPointerIcon(
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.h b/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.h
index 6aab3aa..db1488b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/PointerChoreographer.h
@@ -109,11 +109,13 @@
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
 
 private:
-    void updatePointerControllersLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void notifyPointerDisplayIdChangedLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    using PointerDisplayChange =
+            std::optional<std::tuple<int32_t /*displayId*/, FloatPoint /*cursorPosition*/>>;
+    [[nodiscard]] PointerDisplayChange updatePointerControllersLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    [[nodiscard]] PointerDisplayChange calculatePointerDisplayChangeToNotify() REQUIRES(mLock);
     const DisplayViewport* findViewportByIdLocked(int32_t displayId) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     int32_t getTargetMouseDisplayLocked(int32_t associatedDisplayId) const REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::pair<int32_t, PointerControllerInterface&> getDisplayIdAndMouseControllerLocked(
+    std::pair<int32_t /*displayId*/, PointerControllerInterface&> ensureMouseControllerLocked(
             int32_t associatedDisplayId) REQUIRES(mLock);
     InputDeviceInfo* findInputDeviceLocked(DeviceId deviceId) REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool canUnfadeOnDisplay(int32_t displayId) REQUIRES(mLock);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h
index 83e6a60..9c73f03 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "trace/EventTrackerInterface.h"
+
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <bitset>
 #include <optional>
@@ -51,7 +53,13 @@
     // The specific pointers to cancel, or nullopt to cancel all pointer events
     std::optional<std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1>> pointerIds = std::nullopt;
 
-    CancelationOptions(Mode mode, const char* reason) : mode(mode), reason(reason) {}
+    const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker;
+
+    explicit CancelationOptions(Mode mode, const char* reason,
+                                const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker)
+          : mode(mode), reason(reason), traceTracker(traceTracker) {}
+    CancelationOptions(const CancelationOptions&) = delete;
+    CancelationOptions operator=(const CancelationOptions&) = delete;
 };
 
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index 264dc03..0246d60 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 
 std::string PointerCaptureChangedEntry::getDescription() const {
     return StringPrintf("PointerCaptureChangedEvent(pointerCaptureEnabled=%s)",
-                        pointerCaptureRequest.enable ? "true" : "false");
+                        pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable() ? "true" : "false");
 }
 
 // --- DragEntry ---
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index 1298b5d..06d5c7d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
     mutable InterceptKeyResult interceptKeyResult; // set based on the interception result
     mutable nsecs_t interceptKeyWakeupTime;        // used with INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER
     mutable int32_t flags;
+    // TODO(b/328618922): Refactor key repeat generation to make repeatCount non-mutable.
     mutable int32_t repeatCount;
 
     KeyEntry(int32_t id, std::shared_ptr<InjectionState> injectionState, nsecs_t eventTime,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 5597613..e6b37c1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -103,6 +103,26 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Helper to get a trace tracker from a traced key or motion entry.
+const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& getTraceTracker(const EventEntry& entry) {
+    switch (entry.type) {
+        case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
+            const auto& motion = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
+            ensureEventTraced(motion);
+            return motion.traceTracker;
+        }
+        case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
+            const auto& key = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
+            ensureEventTraced(key);
+            return key.traceTracker;
+        }
+        default: {
+            const static std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface> kNullTracker;
+            return kNullTracker;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // Temporarily releases a held mutex for the lifetime of the instance.
 // Named to match std::scoped_lock
 class scoped_unlock {
@@ -379,7 +399,8 @@
                                                    const InputTarget& inputTarget,
                                                    std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry,
                                                    ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> inputTargetFlags,
-                                                   int64_t vsyncId) {
+                                                   int64_t vsyncId,
+                                                   trace::InputTracerInterface* tracer) {
     const bool zeroCoords = inputTargetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::ZERO_COORDS);
     const sp<WindowInfoHandle> win = inputTarget.windowHandle;
     const std::optional<int32_t> windowId =
@@ -442,6 +463,10 @@
                                           motionEntry.xCursorPosition, motionEntry.yCursorPosition,
                                           motionEntry.downTime, motionEntry.pointerProperties,
                                           pointerCoords);
+    if (tracer) {
+        combinedMotionEntry->traceTracker =
+                tracer->traceDerivedEvent(*combinedMotionEntry, *motionEntry.traceTracker);
+    }
 
     std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry =
             std::make_unique<DispatchEntry>(std::move(combinedMotionEntry), inputTargetFlags,
@@ -668,13 +693,13 @@
 std::vector<TouchedWindow> getHoveringWindowsLocked(const TouchState* oldState,
                                                     const TouchState& newTouchState,
                                                     const MotionEntry& entry) {
-    std::vector<TouchedWindow> out;
     const int32_t maskedAction = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(entry.action);
 
     if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL) {
         // ACTION_SCROLL events should not affect the hovering pointer dispatch
         return {};
     }
+    std::vector<TouchedWindow> out;
 
     // We should consider all hovering pointers here. But for now, just use the first one
     const PointerProperties& pointer = entry.pointerProperties[0];
@@ -849,6 +874,30 @@
     }
 }
 
+class ScopedSyntheticEventTracer {
+public:
+    ScopedSyntheticEventTracer(std::unique_ptr<trace::InputTracerInterface>& tracer)
+          : mTracer(tracer) {
+        if (mTracer) {
+            mEventTracker = mTracer->createTrackerForSyntheticEvent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~ScopedSyntheticEventTracer() {
+        if (mTracer) {
+            mTracer->eventProcessingComplete(*mEventTracker);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& getTracker() const {
+        return mEventTracker;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<trace::InputTracerInterface>& mTracer;
+    std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface> mEventTracker;
+};
+
 } // namespace
 
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
@@ -1159,10 +1208,6 @@
                 dropReason = DropReason::BLOCKED;
             }
             done = dispatchKeyLocked(currentTime, keyEntry, &dropReason, nextWakeupTime);
-            if (done && mTracer) {
-                ensureEventTraced(*keyEntry);
-                mTracer->eventProcessingComplete(*keyEntry->traceTracker);
-            }
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1188,10 +1233,6 @@
                 }
             }
             done = dispatchMotionLocked(currentTime, motionEntry, &dropReason, nextWakeupTime);
-            if (done && mTracer) {
-                ensureEventTraced(*motionEntry);
-                mTracer->eventProcessingComplete(*motionEntry->traceTracker);
-            }
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1217,6 +1258,12 @@
         }
         mLastDropReason = dropReason;
 
+        if (mTracer) {
+            if (auto& traceTracker = getTraceTracker(*mPendingEvent); traceTracker != nullptr) {
+                mTracer->eventProcessingComplete(*traceTracker);
+            }
+        }
+
         releasePendingEventLocked();
         nextWakeupTime = LLONG_MIN; // force next poll to wake up immediately
     }
@@ -1468,8 +1515,9 @@
 
     switch (entry.type) {
         case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
-            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
             const KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
+            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS, reason,
+                                       keyEntry.traceTracker);
             options.displayId = keyEntry.displayId;
             options.deviceId = keyEntry.deviceId;
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
@@ -1478,13 +1526,14 @@
         case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
             const MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
             if (motionEntry.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) {
-                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
+                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS, reason,
+                                           motionEntry.traceTracker);
                 options.displayId = motionEntry.displayId;
                 options.deviceId = motionEntry.deviceId;
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
             } else {
                 CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                           reason);
+                                           reason, motionEntry.traceTracker);
                 options.displayId = motionEntry.displayId;
                 options.deviceId = motionEntry.deviceId;
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
@@ -1619,7 +1668,9 @@
         resetKeyRepeatLocked();
     }
 
-    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, "device was reset");
+    ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
+    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, "device was reset",
+                               traceContext.getTracker());
     options.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
     synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
 
@@ -1676,7 +1727,7 @@
     const bool haveWindowWithPointerCapture = mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture != nullptr;
     sp<IBinder> token;
 
-    if (entry->pointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
+    if (entry->pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
         // Enable Pointer Capture.
         if (haveWindowWithPointerCapture &&
             (entry->pointerCaptureRequest == mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest)) {
@@ -1685,7 +1736,7 @@
             ALOGI("Skipping dispatch of Pointer Capture being enabled: no state change.");
             return;
         }
-        if (!mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
+        if (!mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
             // This can happen if a window requests capture and immediately releases capture.
             ALOGW("No window requested Pointer Capture.");
             dropReason = DropReason::NO_POINTER_CAPTURE;
@@ -1698,6 +1749,8 @@
 
         token = mFocusResolver.getFocusedWindowToken(mFocusedDisplayId);
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!token, "Cannot find focused window for Pointer Capture.");
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(token != entry->pointerCaptureRequest.window,
+                            "Unexpected requested window for Pointer Capture.");
         mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture = token;
     } else {
         // Disable Pointer Capture.
@@ -1717,8 +1770,8 @@
         }
         token = mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture;
         mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture = nullptr;
-        if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
-            setPointerCaptureLocked(false);
+        if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
+            setPointerCaptureLocked(nullptr);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1726,8 +1779,8 @@
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         // Window has gone away, clean up Pointer Capture state.
         mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture = nullptr;
-        if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
-            setPointerCaptureLocked(false);
+        if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
+            setPointerCaptureLocked(nullptr);
         }
         return;
     }
@@ -1774,7 +1827,7 @@
                                         DropReason* dropReason, nsecs_t& nextWakeupTime) {
     // Preprocessing.
     if (!entry->dispatchInProgress) {
-        if (entry->repeatCount == 0 && entry->action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN &&
+        if (!entry->syntheticRepeat && entry->action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN &&
             (entry->policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_TRUSTED) &&
             (!(entry->policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_DISABLE_KEY_REPEAT))) {
             if (mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry &&
@@ -2008,7 +2061,7 @@
         CancelationOptions::Mode mode(
                 isPointerEvent ? CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS
                                : CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS);
-        CancelationOptions options(mode, "input event injection failed");
+        CancelationOptions options(mode, "input event injection failed", entry->traceTracker);
         options.displayId = entry->displayId;
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForMonitorsLocked(options);
         return true;
@@ -2114,8 +2167,9 @@
     if (connection->status != Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
         return;
     }
+    ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
     CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS,
-                               "application not responding");
+                               "application not responding", traceContext.getTracker());
 
     sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle;
     if (!connection->monitor) {
@@ -2645,19 +2699,14 @@
     {
         std::vector<TouchedWindow> hoveringWindows =
                 getHoveringWindowsLocked(oldState, tempTouchState, entry);
+        // Hardcode to single hovering pointer for now.
+        std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
+        pointerIds.set(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
         for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : hoveringWindows) {
-            std::optional<InputTarget> target =
-                    createInputTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.dispatchMode,
-                                            touchedWindow.targetFlags,
-                                            touchedWindow.getDownTimeInTarget(entry.deviceId));
-            if (!target) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Hardcode to single hovering pointer for now.
-            std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
-            pointerIds.set(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
-            target->addPointers(pointerIds, touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->transform);
-            targets.push_back(*target);
+            addPointerWindowTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.dispatchMode,
+                                         touchedWindow.targetFlags, pointerIds,
+                                         touchedWindow.getDownTimeInTarget(entry.deviceId),
+                                         targets);
         }
     }
 
@@ -3386,7 +3435,7 @@
     // Enqueue a new dispatch entry onto the outbound queue for this connection.
     std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry =
             createDispatchEntry(mIdGenerator, inputTarget, eventEntry, inputTarget.flags,
-                                mWindowInfosVsyncId);
+                                mWindowInfosVsyncId, mTracer.get());
 
     // Use the eventEntry from dispatchEntry since the entry may have changed and can now be a
     // different EventEntry than what was passed in.
@@ -3469,21 +3518,31 @@
                             usingCoords = pointerInfo->second;
                         }
                     }
-                    // Generate a new MotionEntry with a new eventId using the resolved action and
-                    // flags.
-                    resolvedMotion = std::make_shared<
-                            MotionEntry>(mIdGenerator.nextId(), motionEntry.injectionState,
-                                         motionEntry.eventTime, motionEntry.deviceId,
-                                         motionEntry.source, motionEntry.displayId,
-                                         motionEntry.policyFlags, resolvedAction,
-                                         motionEntry.actionButton, resolvedFlags,
-                                         motionEntry.metaState, motionEntry.buttonState,
-                                         motionEntry.classification, motionEntry.edgeFlags,
-                                         motionEntry.xPrecision, motionEntry.yPrecision,
-                                         motionEntry.xCursorPosition, motionEntry.yCursorPosition,
-                                         motionEntry.downTime,
-                                         usingProperties.value_or(motionEntry.pointerProperties),
-                                         usingCoords.value_or(motionEntry.pointerCoords));
+                    {
+                        // Generate a new MotionEntry with a new eventId using the resolved action
+                        // and flags, and set it as the resolved entry.
+                        auto newEntry = std::make_shared<
+                                MotionEntry>(mIdGenerator.nextId(), motionEntry.injectionState,
+                                             motionEntry.eventTime, motionEntry.deviceId,
+                                             motionEntry.source, motionEntry.displayId,
+                                             motionEntry.policyFlags, resolvedAction,
+                                             motionEntry.actionButton, resolvedFlags,
+                                             motionEntry.metaState, motionEntry.buttonState,
+                                             motionEntry.classification, motionEntry.edgeFlags,
+                                             motionEntry.xPrecision, motionEntry.yPrecision,
+                                             motionEntry.xCursorPosition,
+                                             motionEntry.yCursorPosition, motionEntry.downTime,
+                                             usingProperties.value_or(
+                                                     motionEntry.pointerProperties),
+                                             usingCoords.value_or(motionEntry.pointerCoords));
+                        if (mTracer) {
+                            ensureEventTraced(motionEntry);
+                            newEntry->traceTracker =
+                                    mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*newEntry,
+                                                               *motionEntry.traceTracker);
+                        }
+                        resolvedMotion = newEntry;
+                    }
                     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
                         std::string message = StringPrintf("Transmute MotionEvent(id=0x%" PRIx32
                                                            ") to MotionEvent(id=0x%" PRIx32 ").",
@@ -3506,9 +3565,14 @@
                 LOG(INFO) << "Canceling pointers for device " << resolvedMotion->deviceId << " in "
                           << connection->getInputChannelName() << " with event "
                           << cancelEvent->getDescription();
+                if (mTracer) {
+                    static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*cancelEvent).traceTracker =
+                            mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*cancelEvent, *resolvedMotion->traceTracker);
+                }
                 std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> cancelDispatchEntry =
                         createDispatchEntry(mIdGenerator, inputTarget, std::move(cancelEvent),
-                                            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags>(), mWindowInfosVsyncId);
+                                            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags>(), mWindowInfosVsyncId,
+                                            mTracer.get());
 
                 // Send these cancel events to the queue before sending the event from the new
                 // device.
@@ -3742,7 +3806,8 @@
                                                   keyEntry.metaState, keyEntry.repeatCount,
                                                   keyEntry.downTime, keyEntry.eventTime);
                 if (mTracer) {
-                    mTracer->traceEventDispatch(*dispatchEntry, keyEntry.traceTracker.get());
+                    ensureEventTraced(keyEntry);
+                    mTracer->traceEventDispatch(*dispatchEntry, *keyEntry.traceTracker);
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -3755,7 +3820,8 @@
                 const MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(eventEntry);
                 status = publishMotionEvent(*connection, *dispatchEntry);
                 if (mTracer) {
-                    mTracer->traceEventDispatch(*dispatchEntry, motionEntry.traceTracker.get());
+                    ensureEventTraced(motionEntry);
+                    mTracer->traceEventDispatch(*dispatchEntry, *motionEntry.traceTracker);
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -3781,9 +3847,10 @@
             case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED: {
                 const auto& captureEntry =
                         static_cast<const PointerCaptureChangedEntry&>(eventEntry);
-                status = connection->inputPublisher
-                                 .publishCaptureEvent(dispatchEntry->seq, captureEntry.id,
-                                                      captureEntry.pointerCaptureRequest.enable);
+                status =
+                        connection->inputPublisher
+                                .publishCaptureEvent(dispatchEntry->seq, captureEntry.id,
+                                                     captureEntry.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable());
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -4134,6 +4201,11 @@
 
         switch (cancelationEventEntry->type) {
             case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
+                if (mTracer) {
+                    static_cast<KeyEntry&>(*cancelationEventEntry).traceTracker =
+                            mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*cancelationEventEntry,
+                                                       *options.traceTracker);
+                }
                 const auto& keyEntry = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(*cancelationEventEntry);
                 if (window) {
                     addWindowTargetLocked(window, InputTarget::DispatchMode::AS_IS,
@@ -4145,6 +4217,11 @@
                 break;
             }
             case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
+                if (mTracer) {
+                    static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*cancelationEventEntry).traceTracker =
+                            mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*cancelationEventEntry,
+                                                       *options.traceTracker);
+                }
                 const auto& motionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(*cancelationEventEntry);
                 if (window) {
                     std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
@@ -4192,6 +4269,9 @@
         }
 
         if (targets.size() != 1) LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": InputTarget not created";
+        if (mTracer) {
+            mTracer->dispatchToTargetHint(*options.traceTracker, targets[0]);
+        }
         enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(connection, std::move(cancelationEventEntry), targets[0]);
     }
 
@@ -4203,7 +4283,8 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(
         const nsecs_t downTime, const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
-        ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags) {
+        ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
+        const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker) {
     if (connection->status != Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
         return;
     }
@@ -4232,6 +4313,10 @@
         std::vector<InputTarget> targets{};
         switch (downEventEntry->type) {
             case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
+                if (mTracer) {
+                    static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*downEventEntry).traceTracker =
+                            mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*downEventEntry, *traceTracker);
+                }
                 const auto& motionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(*downEventEntry);
                 if (windowHandle != nullptr) {
                     std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
@@ -4269,6 +4354,9 @@
         }
 
         if (targets.size() != 1) LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": InputTarget not created";
+        if (mTracer) {
+            mTracer->dispatchToTargetHint(*traceTracker, targets[0]);
+        }
         enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(connection, std::move(downEventEntry), targets[0]);
     }
 
@@ -4281,29 +4369,12 @@
 std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> InputDispatcher::splitMotionEvent(
         const MotionEntry& originalMotionEntry, std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds,
         nsecs_t splitDownTime) {
-    ALOG_ASSERT(pointerIds.any());
-
-    uint32_t splitPointerIndexMap[MAX_POINTERS];
-    std::vector<PointerProperties> splitPointerProperties;
-    std::vector<PointerCoords> splitPointerCoords;
-
-    uint32_t originalPointerCount = originalMotionEntry.getPointerCount();
-    uint32_t splitPointerCount = 0;
-
-    for (uint32_t originalPointerIndex = 0; originalPointerIndex < originalPointerCount;
-         originalPointerIndex++) {
-        const PointerProperties& pointerProperties =
-                originalMotionEntry.pointerProperties[originalPointerIndex];
-        uint32_t pointerId = uint32_t(pointerProperties.id);
-        if (pointerIds.test(pointerId)) {
-            splitPointerIndexMap[splitPointerCount] = originalPointerIndex;
-            splitPointerProperties.push_back(pointerProperties);
-            splitPointerCoords.push_back(originalMotionEntry.pointerCoords[originalPointerIndex]);
-            splitPointerCount += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (splitPointerCount != pointerIds.count()) {
+    const auto& [action, pointerProperties, pointerCoords] =
+            MotionEvent::split(originalMotionEntry.action, originalMotionEntry.flags,
+                               /*historySize=*/0, originalMotionEntry.pointerProperties,
+                               originalMotionEntry.pointerCoords, pointerIds);
+    if (pointerIds.count() != pointerCoords.size()) {
+        // TODO(b/329107108): Determine why some IDs in pointerIds were not in originalMotionEntry.
         // This is bad.  We are missing some of the pointers that we expected to deliver.
         // Most likely this indicates that we received an ACTION_MOVE events that has
         // different pointer ids than we expected based on the previous ACTION_DOWN
@@ -4312,41 +4383,13 @@
         ALOGW("Dropping split motion event because the pointer count is %d but "
               "we expected there to be %zu pointers.  This probably means we received "
               "a broken sequence of pointer ids from the input device: %s",
-              splitPointerCount, pointerIds.count(), originalMotionEntry.getDescription().c_str());
+              pointerCoords.size(), pointerIds.count(),
+              originalMotionEntry.getDescription().c_str());
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    int32_t action = originalMotionEntry.action;
-    int32_t maskedAction = action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
-    if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN ||
-        maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
-        int32_t originalPointerIndex = MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action);
-        const PointerProperties& pointerProperties =
-                originalMotionEntry.pointerProperties[originalPointerIndex];
-        uint32_t pointerId = uint32_t(pointerProperties.id);
-        if (pointerIds.test(pointerId)) {
-            if (pointerIds.count() == 1) {
-                // The first/last pointer went down/up.
-                action = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN
-                        ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN
-                        : (originalMotionEntry.flags & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) != 0
-                                ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL
-                                : AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP;
-            } else {
-                // A secondary pointer went down/up.
-                uint32_t splitPointerIndex = 0;
-                while (pointerId != uint32_t(splitPointerProperties[splitPointerIndex].id)) {
-                    splitPointerIndex += 1;
-                }
-                action = maskedAction |
-                        (splitPointerIndex << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // An unrelated pointer changed.
-            action = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
-        }
-    }
-
+    // TODO(b/327503168): Move this check inside MotionEvent::split once all callers handle it
+    //   correctly.
     if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN && splitDownTime != originalMotionEntry.eventTime) {
         logDispatchStateLocked();
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Split motion event has mismatching downTime and eventTime for "
@@ -4374,7 +4417,11 @@
                                           originalMotionEntry.yPrecision,
                                           originalMotionEntry.xCursorPosition,
                                           originalMotionEntry.yCursorPosition, splitDownTime,
-                                          splitPointerProperties, splitPointerCoords);
+                                          pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    if (mTracer) {
+        splitMotionEntry->traceTracker =
+                mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*splitMotionEntry, *originalMotionEntry.traceTracker);
+    }
 
     return splitMotionEntry;
 }
@@ -4696,7 +4743,7 @@
 void InputDispatcher::notifyPointerCaptureChanged(const NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs& args) {
     if (debugInboundEventDetails()) {
         ALOGD("notifyPointerCaptureChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", enabled=%s", args.eventTime,
-              args.request.enable ? "true" : "false");
+              args.request.isEnable() ? "true" : "false");
     }
 
     bool needWake = false;
@@ -4869,6 +4916,10 @@
                                                                         pointerCount));
                 transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*nextInjectedEntry,
                                                        motionEvent.getTransform());
+                if (mTracer) {
+                    nextInjectedEntry->traceTracker =
+                            mTracer->traceInboundEvent(*nextInjectedEntry);
+                }
                 injectedEntries.push(std::move(nextInjectedEntry));
             }
             break;
@@ -5257,6 +5308,7 @@
         }
         LOG(INFO) << "setInputWindows displayId=" << displayId << " " << windowList;
     }
+    ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
 
     // Check preconditions for new input windows
     for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& window : windowInfoHandles) {
@@ -5296,7 +5348,7 @@
     std::optional<FocusResolver::FocusChanges> changes =
             mFocusResolver.setInputWindows(displayId, windowHandles);
     if (changes) {
-        onFocusChangedLocked(*changes, removedFocusedWindowHandle);
+        onFocusChangedLocked(*changes, traceContext.getTracker(), removedFocusedWindowHandle);
     }
 
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState>::iterator stateIt =
@@ -5309,7 +5361,7 @@
                 LOG(INFO) << "Touched window was removed: " << touchedWindow.windowHandle->getName()
                           << " in display %" << displayId;
                 CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                           "touched window was removed");
+                                           "touched window was removed", traceContext.getTracker());
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, options);
                 // Since we are about to drop the touch, cancel the events for the wallpaper as
                 // well.
@@ -5410,6 +5462,7 @@
     }
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+        ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
 
         if (mFocusedDisplayId != displayId) {
             sp<IBinder> oldFocusedWindowToken =
@@ -5422,7 +5475,8 @@
                 }
                 CancelationOptions
                         options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                "The display which contains this window no longer has focus.");
+                                "The display which contains this window no longer has focus.",
+                                traceContext.getTracker());
                 options.displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(windowHandle, options);
             }
@@ -5647,19 +5701,22 @@
         }
 
         // Synthesize cancel for old window and down for new window.
+        ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
         std::shared_ptr<Connection> fromConnection = getConnectionLocked(fromToken);
         std::shared_ptr<Connection> toConnection = getConnectionLocked(toToken);
         if (fromConnection != nullptr && toConnection != nullptr) {
             fromConnection->inputState.mergePointerStateTo(toConnection->inputState);
             CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                       "transferring touch from this window to another window");
+                                       "transferring touch from this window to another window",
+                                       traceContext.getTracker());
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(fromWindowHandle, options, fromConnection);
             synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(downTimeInTarget, toConnection,
-                                                           newTargetFlags);
+                                                           newTargetFlags,
+                                                           traceContext.getTracker());
 
             // Check if the wallpaper window should deliver the corresponding event.
             transferWallpaperTouch(oldTargetFlags, newTargetFlags, fromWindowHandle, toWindowHandle,
-                                   *state, deviceId, pointers);
+                                   *state, deviceId, pointers, traceContext.getTracker());
         }
     } // release lock
 
@@ -5727,7 +5784,9 @@
         ALOGD("Resetting and dropping all events (%s).", reason);
     }
 
-    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, reason);
+    ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
+    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, reason,
+                               traceContext.getTracker());
     synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
 
     resetKeyRepeatLocked();
@@ -5755,7 +5814,7 @@
     std::string dump;
 
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "Pointer Capture Requested: %s\n",
-                         toString(mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable));
+                         toString(mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()));
 
     std::string windowName = "None";
     if (mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture) {
@@ -6122,12 +6181,13 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
+    ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
     for (const DeviceId deviceId : deviceIds) {
         TouchState& state = *statePtr;
         TouchedWindow& window = *windowPtr;
         // Send cancel events to all the input channels we're stealing from.
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                   "input channel stole pointer stream");
+                                   "input channel stole pointer stream", traceContext.getTracker());
         options.deviceId = deviceId;
         options.displayId = displayId;
         std::vector<PointerProperties> pointers = window.getTouchingPointers(deviceId);
@@ -6173,7 +6233,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        if (enabled == mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
+        if (enabled == mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
             ALOGW("Ignoring request to %s Pointer Capture: "
                   "window has %s requested pointer capture.",
                   enabled ? "enable" : "disable", enabled ? "already" : "not");
@@ -6189,7 +6249,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        setPointerCaptureLocked(enabled);
+        setPointerCaptureLocked(enabled ? windowToken : nullptr);
     } // release lock
 
     // Wake the thread to process command entries.
@@ -6551,7 +6611,8 @@
                     CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
                                                "application handled the original non-fallback key "
                                                "or is no longer a foreground target, "
-                                               "canceling previously dispatched fallback key");
+                                               "canceling previously dispatched fallback key",
+                                               keyEntry.traceTracker);
                     options.keyCode = *fallbackKeyCode;
                     synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(windowHandle, options, connection);
                 }
@@ -6633,7 +6694,8 @@
             const auto windowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(connection->getToken());
             if (windowHandle != nullptr) {
                 CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
-                                           "canceling fallback, policy no longer desires it");
+                                           "canceling fallback, policy no longer desires it",
+                                           keyEntry.traceTracker);
                 options.keyCode = *fallbackKeyCode;
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(windowHandle, options, connection);
             }
@@ -6669,6 +6731,10 @@
                                                *fallbackKeyCode, event.getScanCode(),
                                                event.getMetaState(), event.getRepeatCount(),
                                                event.getDownTime());
+            if (mTracer) {
+                newEntry->traceTracker =
+                        mTracer->traceDerivedEvent(*newEntry, *keyEntry.traceTracker);
+            }
             if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
                 ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Dispatching fallback key.  "
                       "originalKeyCode=%d, fallbackKeyCode=%d, fallbackMetaState=%08x",
@@ -6767,16 +6833,19 @@
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         std::optional<FocusResolver::FocusChanges> changes =
                 mFocusResolver.setFocusedWindow(request, getWindowHandlesLocked(request.displayId));
+        ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
         if (changes) {
-            onFocusChangedLocked(*changes);
+            onFocusChangedLocked(*changes, traceContext.getTracker());
         }
     } // release lock
     // Wake up poll loop since it may need to make new input dispatching choices.
     mLooper->wake();
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onFocusChangedLocked(const FocusResolver::FocusChanges& changes,
-                                           const sp<WindowInfoHandle> removedFocusedWindowHandle) {
+void InputDispatcher::onFocusChangedLocked(
+        const FocusResolver::FocusChanges& changes,
+        const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker,
+        const sp<WindowInfoHandle> removedFocusedWindowHandle) {
     if (changes.oldFocus) {
         const auto resolvedWindow = removedFocusedWindowHandle != nullptr
                 ? removedFocusedWindowHandle
@@ -6785,7 +6854,7 @@
             LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": Previously focused token did not have a window";
         }
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                   "focus left window");
+                                   "focus left window", traceTracker);
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(resolvedWindow, options);
         enqueueFocusEventLocked(changes.oldFocus, /*hasFocus=*/false, changes.reason);
     }
@@ -6810,14 +6879,14 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::disablePointerCaptureForcedLocked() {
-    if (!mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable && !mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture) {
+    if (!mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable() && !mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture) {
         return;
     }
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_FOCUS, "Disabling Pointer Capture because the window lost focus.");
 
-    if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
-        setPointerCaptureLocked(false);
+    if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
+        setPointerCaptureLocked(nullptr);
     }
 
     if (!mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture) {
@@ -6837,8 +6906,8 @@
     mInboundQueue.push_front(std::move(entry));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::setPointerCaptureLocked(bool enable) {
-    mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable = enable;
+void InputDispatcher::setPointerCaptureLocked(const sp<IBinder>& windowToken) {
+    mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.window = windowToken;
     mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.seq++;
     auto command = [this, request = mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
@@ -6938,9 +7007,10 @@
 void InputDispatcher::cancelCurrentTouch() {
     {
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+        ScopedSyntheticEventTracer traceContext(mTracer);
         ALOGD("Canceling all ongoing pointer gestures on all displays.");
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                   "cancel current touch");
+                                   "cancel current touch", traceContext.getTracker());
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
 
         mTouchStatesByDisplay.clear();
@@ -6990,12 +7060,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::transferWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> oldTargetFlags,
-                                             ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> newTargetFlags,
-                                             const sp<WindowInfoHandle> fromWindowHandle,
-                                             const sp<WindowInfoHandle> toWindowHandle,
-                                             TouchState& state, int32_t deviceId,
-                                             const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointers) {
+void InputDispatcher::transferWallpaperTouch(
+        ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> oldTargetFlags,
+        ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> newTargetFlags, const sp<WindowInfoHandle> fromWindowHandle,
+        const sp<WindowInfoHandle> toWindowHandle, TouchState& state, int32_t deviceId,
+        const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointers,
+        const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker) {
     const bool oldHasWallpaper = oldTargetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND) &&
             fromWindowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
                     gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DUPLICATE_TOUCH_TO_WALLPAPER);
@@ -7013,7 +7083,7 @@
 
     if (oldWallpaper != nullptr) {
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                   "transferring touch focus to another window");
+                                   "transferring touch focus to another window", traceTracker);
         state.removeWindowByToken(oldWallpaper->getToken());
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(oldWallpaper, options);
     }
@@ -7033,7 +7103,7 @@
                     getConnectionLocked(toWindowHandle->getToken());
             toConnection->inputState.mergePointerStateTo(wallpaperConnection->inputState);
             synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(downTimeInTarget, wallpaperConnection,
-                                                           wallpaperFlags);
+                                                           wallpaperFlags, traceTracker);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 9c8d588..edca63e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -421,7 +421,8 @@
     void disablePointerCaptureForcedLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Set the Pointer Capture state in the Policy.
-    void setPointerCaptureLocked(bool enable) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    // The window is not nullptr for requests to enable, otherwise it is nullptr.
+    void setPointerCaptureLocked(const sp<IBinder>& window) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Dispatcher state at time of last ANR.
     std::string mLastAnrState GUARDED_BY(mLock);
@@ -628,7 +629,8 @@
 
     void synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(
             const nsecs_t downTime, const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
-            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags) REQUIRES(mLock);
+            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
+            const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Splitting motion events across windows. When splitting motion event for a target,
     // splitDownTime refers to the time of first 'down' event on that particular target
@@ -657,6 +659,7 @@
     void doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(const sp<IBinder>& focusedWindowToken,
                                                 const KeyEntry& entry) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onFocusChangedLocked(const FocusResolver::FocusChanges& changes,
+                              const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker,
                               const sp<gui::WindowInfoHandle> removedFocusedWindowHandle = nullptr)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     void sendFocusChangedCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& oldToken, const sp<IBinder>& newToken)
@@ -704,7 +707,9 @@
                                 const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> fromWindowHandle,
                                 const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> toWindowHandle,
                                 TouchState& state, int32_t deviceId,
-                                const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointers) REQUIRES(mLock);
+                                const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointers,
+                                const std::unique_ptr<trace::EventTrackerInterface>& traceTracker)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findWallpaperWindowBelow(
             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) const REQUIRES(mLock);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
index a61fa85..cee741c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@
 }
 
 void AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(
-        const InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& args,
-        proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto) {
+        const WindowDispatchArgs& args, proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto) {
     std::visit([&](auto entry) { outProto.set_event_id(entry.id); }, args.eventEntry);
     outProto.set_vsync_id(args.vsyncId);
     outProto.set_window_id(args.windowId);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
index 8a46f15..ab5f9ca 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     static void toProtoMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
                                    proto::AndroidMotionEvent& outProto);
     static void toProtoKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event, proto::AndroidKeyEvent& outProto);
-    static void toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(const InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs&,
+    static void toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(const WindowDispatchArgs&,
                                            proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto);
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
index be09013..47e27be 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,17 @@
                           e.downTime,  e.flags,     e.repeatCount};
 }
 
+void writeEventToBackend(const TracedEvent& event, const TracedEventArgs args,
+                         InputTracingBackendInterface& backend) {
+    std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { backend.traceMotionEvent(e, args); },
+                       [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { backend.traceKeyEvent(e, args); }},
+               event);
+}
+
+inline auto getId(const trace::TracedEvent& v) {
+    return std::visit([](const auto& event) { return event.id; }, v);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 // --- InputTracer ---
@@ -67,46 +78,92 @@
       : mBackend(std::move(backend)) {}
 
 std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> InputTracer::traceInboundEvent(const EventEntry& entry) {
-    TracedEvent traced;
+    // This is a newly traced inbound event. Create a new state to track it and its derived events.
+    auto eventState = std::make_shared<EventState>(*this);
 
     if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
         const auto& motion = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
-        traced = createTracedEvent(motion);
+        eventState->events.emplace_back(createTracedEvent(motion));
     } else if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
         const auto& key = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
-        traced = createTracedEvent(key);
+        eventState->events.emplace_back(createTracedEvent(key));
     } else {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot trace EventEntry of type: " << ftl::enum_string(entry.type);
     }
 
-    return std::make_unique<EventTrackerImpl>(*this, std::move(traced));
+    return std::make_unique<EventTrackerImpl>(std::move(eventState), /*isDerived=*/false);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> InputTracer::createTrackerForSyntheticEvent() {
+    // Create a new EventState to track events derived from this tracker.
+    return std::make_unique<EventTrackerImpl>(std::make_shared<EventState>(*this),
+                                              /*isDerived=*/false);
 }
 
 void InputTracer::dispatchToTargetHint(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie,
                                        const InputTarget& target) {
-    auto& cookieState = getState(cookie);
-    if (!cookieState) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "dispatchToTargetHint() should not be called after eventProcessingComplete()";
+    auto& eventState = getState(cookie);
+    if (eventState->isEventProcessingComplete) {
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Disallow adding new targets after eventProcessingComplete() is called.
+        return;
     }
-    // TODO(b/210460522): Determine if the event is sensitive based on the target.
+    if (isDerivedCookie(cookie)) {
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Disallow adding new targets from a derived cookie.
+        return;
+    }
+    if (target.windowHandle != nullptr) {
+        eventState->isSecure |= target.windowHandle->getInfo()->layoutParamsFlags.test(
+                gui::WindowInfo::Flag::SECURE);
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Set events as sensitive when the IME connection is active.
+    }
 }
 
 void InputTracer::eventProcessingComplete(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
-    auto& cookieState = getState(cookie);
-    if (!cookieState) {
+    if (isDerivedCookie(cookie)) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Event processing cannot be set from a derived cookie.";
+    }
+    auto& eventState = getState(cookie);
+    if (eventState->isEventProcessingComplete) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Traced event was already logged. "
                       "eventProcessingComplete() was likely called more than once.";
     }
+    eventState->onEventProcessingComplete();
+}
 
-    std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { mBackend->traceMotionEvent(e); },
-                       [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mBackend->traceKeyEvent(e); }},
-               cookieState->event);
-    cookieState.reset();
+std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> InputTracer::traceDerivedEvent(
+        const EventEntry& entry, const EventTrackerInterface& originalEventCookie) {
+    // This is an event derived from an already-established event. Use the same state to track
+    // this event too.
+    auto eventState = getState(originalEventCookie);
+
+    if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
+        const auto& motion = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
+        eventState->events.emplace_back(createTracedEvent(motion));
+    } else if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
+        const auto& key = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
+        eventState->events.emplace_back(createTracedEvent(key));
+    } else {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot trace EventEntry of type: " << ftl::enum_string(entry.type);
+    }
+
+    if (eventState->isEventProcessingComplete) {
+        // It is possible for a derived event to be dispatched some time after the original event
+        // is dispatched, such as in the case of key fallback events. To account for these cases,
+        // derived events can be traced after the processing is complete for the original event.
+        const TracedEventArgs traceArgs{.isSecure = eventState->isSecure};
+        writeEventToBackend(eventState->events.back(), traceArgs, *mBackend);
+    }
+    return std::make_unique<EventTrackerImpl>(std::move(eventState), /*isDerived=*/true);
 }
 
 void InputTracer::traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry,
-                                     const EventTrackerInterface* cookie) {
+                                     const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
+    auto& eventState = getState(cookie);
     const EventEntry& entry = *dispatchEntry.eventEntry;
+    // TODO(b/328618922): Remove resolved key repeats after making repeatCount non-mutable.
+    // The KeyEntry's repeatCount is mutable and can be modified after an event is initially traced,
+    // so we need to find the repeatCount at the time of dispatching to trace it accurately.
+    int32_t resolvedKeyRepeatCount = 0;
 
     TracedEvent traced;
     if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
@@ -114,50 +171,80 @@
         traced = createTracedEvent(motion);
     } else if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
         const auto& key = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
+        resolvedKeyRepeatCount = key.repeatCount;
         traced = createTracedEvent(key);
     } else {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot trace EventEntry of type: " << ftl::enum_string(entry.type);
     }
 
-    if (!cookie) {
-        // This event was not tracked as an inbound event, so trace it now.
-        std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { mBackend->traceMotionEvent(e); },
-                           [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mBackend->traceKeyEvent(e); }},
-                   traced);
+    auto tracedEventIt =
+            std::find_if(eventState->events.begin(), eventState->events.end(),
+                         [&traced](const auto& event) { return getId(traced) == getId(event); });
+    if (tracedEventIt == eventState->events.end()) {
+        LOG(FATAL)
+                << __func__
+                << ": Failed to find a previously traced event that matches the dispatched event";
     }
 
     // The vsyncId only has meaning if the event is targeting a window.
     const int32_t windowId = dispatchEntry.windowId.value_or(0);
     const int32_t vsyncId = dispatchEntry.windowId.has_value() ? dispatchEntry.vsyncId : 0;
 
-    mBackend->traceWindowDispatch({std::move(traced), dispatchEntry.deliveryTime,
-                                   dispatchEntry.resolvedFlags, dispatchEntry.targetUid, vsyncId,
-                                   windowId, dispatchEntry.transform, dispatchEntry.rawTransform,
-                                   /*hmac=*/{}});
+    // TODO(b/210460522): Pass HMAC into traceEventDispatch.
+    const WindowDispatchArgs windowDispatchArgs{std::move(traced),
+                                                dispatchEntry.deliveryTime,
+                                                dispatchEntry.resolvedFlags,
+                                                dispatchEntry.targetUid,
+                                                vsyncId,
+                                                windowId,
+                                                dispatchEntry.transform,
+                                                dispatchEntry.rawTransform,
+                                                /*hmac=*/{},
+                                                resolvedKeyRepeatCount};
+    if (eventState->isEventProcessingComplete) {
+        mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(std::move(windowDispatchArgs),
+                                      TracedEventArgs{.isSecure = eventState->isSecure});
+    } else {
+        eventState->pendingDispatchArgs.emplace_back(std::move(windowDispatchArgs));
+    }
 }
 
-std::optional<InputTracer::EventState>& InputTracer::getState(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
+std::shared_ptr<InputTracer::EventState>& InputTracer::getState(
+        const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
     return static_cast<const EventTrackerImpl&>(cookie).mState;
 }
 
-// --- InputTracer::EventTrackerImpl ---
+bool InputTracer::isDerivedCookie(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
+    return static_cast<const EventTrackerImpl&>(cookie).mIsDerived;
+}
 
-InputTracer::EventTrackerImpl::EventTrackerImpl(InputTracer& tracer, TracedEvent&& event)
-      : mTracer(tracer), mState(event) {}
+// --- InputTracer::EventState ---
 
-InputTracer::EventTrackerImpl::~EventTrackerImpl() {
-    if (!mState) {
+void InputTracer::EventState::onEventProcessingComplete() {
+    // Write all of the events known so far to the trace.
+    const TracedEventArgs traceArgs{.isSecure = isSecure};
+    for (const auto& event : events) {
+        writeEventToBackend(event, traceArgs, *tracer.mBackend);
+    }
+    // Write all pending dispatch args to the trace.
+    for (const auto& windowDispatchArgs : pendingDispatchArgs) {
+        tracer.mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(windowDispatchArgs, traceArgs);
+    }
+    pendingDispatchArgs.clear();
+
+    isEventProcessingComplete = true;
+}
+
+InputTracer::EventState::~EventState() {
+    if (isEventProcessingComplete) {
         // This event has already been written to the trace as expected.
         return;
     }
-    // We're still holding on to the state, which means it hasn't yet been written to the trace.
-    // Write it to the trace now.
-    // TODO(b/210460522): Determine why/where the event is being destroyed before
-    //   eventProcessingComplete() is called.
-    std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { mTracer.mBackend->traceMotionEvent(e); },
-                       [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mTracer.mBackend->traceKeyEvent(e); }},
-               mState->event);
-    mState.reset();
+    // The event processing was never marked as complete, so do it now.
+    // We should never end up here in normal operation. However, in tests, it's possible that we
+    // stop and destroy InputDispatcher without waiting for it to finish processing events, at
+    // which point an event (and thus its EventState) may be destroyed before processing finishes.
+    onEventProcessingComplete();
 }
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
index c8b25c9..4ef6ca6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
@@ -42,37 +42,50 @@
     InputTracer& operator=(const InputTracer&) = delete;
 
     std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> traceInboundEvent(const EventEntry&) override;
+    std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> createTrackerForSyntheticEvent() override;
     void dispatchToTargetHint(const EventTrackerInterface&, const InputTarget&) override;
     void eventProcessingComplete(const EventTrackerInterface&) override;
-    void traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry&, const EventTrackerInterface*) override;
+    std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> traceDerivedEvent(const EventEntry&,
+                                                             const EventTrackerInterface&) override;
+    void traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry&, const EventTrackerInterface&) override;
 
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<InputTracingBackendInterface> mBackend;
 
-    // The state of a tracked event.
+    // The state of a tracked event, shared across all events derived from the original event.
     struct EventState {
-        const TracedEvent event;
-        // TODO(b/210460522): Add additional args for tracking event sensitivity and
-        //  dispatch target UIDs.
+        explicit inline EventState(InputTracer& tracer) : tracer(tracer){};
+        ~EventState();
+
+        void onEventProcessingComplete();
+
+        InputTracer& tracer;
+        std::vector<const TracedEvent> events;
+        bool isEventProcessingComplete{false};
+        // A queue to hold dispatch args from being traced until event processing is complete.
+        std::vector<const WindowDispatchArgs> pendingDispatchArgs;
+        // True if the event is targeting at least one secure window;
+        bool isSecure{false};
     };
 
     // Get the event state associated with a tracking cookie.
-    std::optional<EventState>& getState(const EventTrackerInterface&);
+    std::shared_ptr<EventState>& getState(const EventTrackerInterface&);
+    bool isDerivedCookie(const EventTrackerInterface&);
 
     // Implementation of the event tracker cookie. The cookie holds the event state directly for
     // convenience to avoid the overhead of tracking the state separately in InputTracer.
     class EventTrackerImpl : public EventTrackerInterface {
     public:
-        explicit EventTrackerImpl(InputTracer&, TracedEvent&& entry);
-        virtual ~EventTrackerImpl() override;
+        inline EventTrackerImpl(const std::shared_ptr<EventState>& state, bool isDerivedEvent)
+              : mState(state), mIsDerived(isDerivedEvent) {}
+        EventTrackerImpl(const EventTrackerImpl&) = default;
 
     private:
-        InputTracer& mTracer;
-        // This event tracker cookie will only hold the state as long as it has not been written
-        // to the trace. The state is released when the event is written to the trace.
-        mutable std::optional<EventState> mState;
+        mutable std::shared_ptr<EventState> mState;
+        const bool mIsDerived;
 
-        friend std::optional<EventState>& InputTracer::getState(const EventTrackerInterface&);
+        friend std::shared_ptr<EventState>& InputTracer::getState(const EventTrackerInterface&);
+        friend bool InputTracer::isDerivedCookie(const EventTrackerInterface&);
     };
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracerInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracerInterface.h
index c6cd7de..609d10c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracerInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracerInterface.h
@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@
     virtual std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> traceInboundEvent(const EventEntry&) = 0;
 
     /**
+     * Create a trace tracker for a synthetic event that does not stem from an inbound input event.
+     * This includes things like generating cancellations or down events for various reasons,
+     * such as ANR, pilfering, transfer touch, etc. Any key or motion events generated for this
+     * synthetic event should be traced as a derived event using {@link #traceDerivedEvent}.
+     */
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> createTrackerForSyntheticEvent() = 0;
+
+    /**
      * Notify the tracer that the traced event will be sent to the given InputTarget.
      * The tracer may change how the event is logged depending on the target. For example,
      * events targeting certain UIDs may be logged as sensitive events.
@@ -76,12 +84,25 @@
     virtual void eventProcessingComplete(const EventTrackerInterface&) = 0;
 
     /**
-     * Trace an input event being successfully dispatched to a window. The dispatched event may
-     * be a previously traced inbound event, or it may be a synthesized event that has not been
-     * previously traced. For inbound events that were previously traced, the EventTracker cookie
-     * must be provided. For events that were not previously traced, the cookie must be null.
+     * Trace an input event that is derived from another event. This is used in cases where an event
+     * is modified from the original, such as when a touch is split across multiple windows, or
+     * when a HOVER_MOVE event is modified to be a HOVER_EXIT, etc. The original event's tracker
+     * must be provided, and a new EventTracker is returned that should be used to track the event's
+     * lifecycle.
+     *
+     * NOTE: The derived tracker cannot be used to change the targets of the original event, meaning
+     * it cannot be used with {@link #dispatchToTargetHint} or {@link eventProcessingComplete}.
      */
-    virtual void traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry&, const EventTrackerInterface*) = 0;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> traceDerivedEvent(
+            const EventEntry&, const EventTrackerInterface& originalEventTracker) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Trace an input event being successfully dispatched to a window. The dispatched event may
+     * be a previously traced inbound event, or it may be a synthesized event. All dispatched events
+     * must have been previously traced, so the trace tracker associated with the event must be
+     * provided.
+     */
+    virtual void traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry&, const EventTrackerInterface&) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
index b0eadfe..6eef12e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
@@ -74,6 +74,26 @@
 /** A representation of a traced input event. */
 using TracedEvent = std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent>;
 
+/** Additional information about an input event being traced. */
+struct TracedEventArgs {
+    // True if the event is targeting at least one secure window.
+    bool isSecure;
+};
+
+/** Additional information about an input event being dispatched to a window. */
+struct WindowDispatchArgs {
+    TracedEvent eventEntry;
+    nsecs_t deliveryTime;
+    int32_t resolvedFlags;
+    gui::Uid targetUid;
+    int64_t vsyncId;
+    int32_t windowId;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
+    std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac;
+    int32_t resolvedKeyRepeatCount;
+};
+
 /**
  * An interface for the tracing backend, used for setting a custom backend for testing.
  */
@@ -82,24 +102,13 @@
     virtual ~InputTracingBackendInterface() = default;
 
     /** Trace a KeyEvent. */
-    virtual void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) = 0;
+    virtual void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) = 0;
 
     /** Trace a MotionEvent. */
-    virtual void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) = 0;
+    virtual void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) = 0;
 
     /** Trace an event being sent to a window. */
-    struct WindowDispatchArgs {
-        TracedEvent eventEntry;
-        nsecs_t deliveryTime;
-        int32_t resolvedFlags;
-        gui::Uid targetUid;
-        int64_t vsyncId;
-        int32_t windowId;
-        ui::Transform transform;
-        ui::Transform rawTransform;
-        std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac;
-    };
-    virtual void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) = 0;
+    virtual void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&, const TracedEventArgs&) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
index 46ad9e1..8ef9ca5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@
     });
 }
 
-void PerfettoBackend::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event) {
+void PerfettoBackend::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                       const TracedEventArgs& args) {
+    if (args.isSecure) {
+        // For now, avoid tracing secure event entirely.
+        return;
+    }
     InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
         auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
         auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
@@ -72,7 +77,11 @@
     });
 }
 
-void PerfettoBackend::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event) {
+void PerfettoBackend::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event, const TracedEventArgs& args) {
+    if (args.isSecure) {
+        // For now, avoid tracing secure event entirely.
+        return;
+    }
     InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
         auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
         auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
@@ -81,13 +90,17 @@
     });
 }
 
-void PerfettoBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs) {
+void PerfettoBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+                                          const TracedEventArgs& args) {
+    if (args.isSecure) {
+        // For now, avoid tracing secure event entirely.
+        return;
+    }
     InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
         auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
-        auto* inputEventProto = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
-        auto* dispatchEventProto = inputEventProto->set_dispatcher_window_dispatch_event();
-        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(dispatchArgs,
-                                                                    *dispatchEventProto);
+        auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
+        auto* dispatchEvent = inputEvent->set_dispatcher_window_dispatch_event();
+        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(dispatchArgs, *dispatchEvent);
     });
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
index fefcfb3..d455375 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
     PerfettoBackend();
     ~PerfettoBackend() override = default;
 
-    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) override;
-    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) override;
-    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) override;
+    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
 
     class InputEventDataSource : public perfetto::DataSource<InputEventDataSource> {
     public:
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp
index 25bc227..b1791b3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.cpp
@@ -53,23 +53,26 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Backend>
-void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event) {
+void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                                const TracedEventArgs& traceArgs) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mQueue.emplace_back(event);
+    mQueue.emplace_back(event, traceArgs);
     mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
 template <typename Backend>
-void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event) {
+void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event,
+                                             const TracedEventArgs& traceArgs) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mQueue.emplace_back(event);
+    mQueue.emplace_back(event, traceArgs);
     mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
 template <typename Backend>
-void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs) {
+void ThreadedBackend<Backend>::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+                                                   const TracedEventArgs& traceArgs) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mQueue.emplace_back(dispatchArgs);
+    mQueue.emplace_back(dispatchArgs, traceArgs);
     mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
@@ -93,11 +96,13 @@
 
     // Trace the events into the backend without holding the lock to reduce the amount of
     // work performed in the critical section.
-    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
-        std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) { mBackend.traceMotionEvent(e); },
-                           [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mBackend.traceKeyEvent(e); },
+    for (const auto& [entry, traceArgs] : entries) {
+        std::visit(Visitor{[&](const TracedMotionEvent& e) {
+                               mBackend.traceMotionEvent(e, traceArgs);
+                           },
+                           [&](const TracedKeyEvent& e) { mBackend.traceKeyEvent(e, traceArgs); },
                            [&](const WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
-                               mBackend.traceWindowDispatch(args);
+                               mBackend.traceWindowDispatch(args, traceArgs);
                            }},
                    entry);
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h
index 5776cf9..cab47af 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/ThreadedBackend.h
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@
     ThreadedBackend(Backend&& innerBackend);
     ~ThreadedBackend() override;
 
-    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) override;
-    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) override;
-    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) override;
+    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&, const TracedEventArgs&) override;
 
 private:
     std::mutex mLock;
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
     bool mThreadExit GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
     std::condition_variable mThreadWakeCondition;
     Backend mBackend;
-    using TraceEntry = std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent, WindowDispatchArgs>;
+    using TraceEntry =
+            std::pair<std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent, WindowDispatchArgs>,
+                      TracedEventArgs>;
     std::vector<TraceEntry> mQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    using WindowDispatchArgs = InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs;
-
     void threadLoop();
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgsBuilders.h b/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgsBuilders.h
index e4363a4..8ffbc11 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgsBuilders.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgsBuilders.h
@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@
 
         // Set mouse cursor position for the most common cases to avoid boilerplate.
         if (mSource == AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE &&
-            !MotionEvent::isValidCursorPosition(mRawXCursorPosition, mRawYCursorPosition)) {
+            !MotionEvent::isValidCursorPosition(mRawXCursorPosition, mRawYCursorPosition) &&
+            BitSet64::hasBit(pointerCoords[0].bits, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X) &&
+            BitSet64::hasBit(pointerCoords[0].bits, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y)) {
             mRawXCursorPosition = pointerCoords[0].getX();
             mRawYCursorPosition = pointerCoords[0].getY();
         }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/include/PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface.h
index 8b47b55..462aedc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface.h
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
  *
  * This is the interface that PointerChoreographer uses to talk to Window Manager and other
  * system components.
+ *
+ * NOTE: In general, the PointerChoreographer must not interact with the policy while
+ * holding any locks.
  */
 class PointerChoreographerPolicyInterface {
 public:
@@ -37,6 +40,9 @@
      * for and runnable on the host, the PointerController implementation must be in a separate
      * library, libinputservice, that has the additional dependencies. The PointerController
      * will be mocked when testing PointerChoreographer.
+     *
+     * Since this is a factory method used to work around dependencies, it will not interact with
+     * other input components and may be called with the PointerChoreographer lock held.
      */
     virtual std::shared_ptr<PointerControllerInterface> createPointerController(
             PointerControllerInterface::ControllerType type) = 0;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
index 06f10e5..c8cc5dc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
 }
 
 void CursorInputMapper::configureOnPointerCapture(const InputReaderConfiguration& config) {
-    if (config.pointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
+    if (config.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
         if (mParameters.mode == Parameters::Mode::POINTER) {
             mParameters.mode = Parameters::Mode::POINTER_RELATIVE;
             mSource = AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index 3c26d1d..7d27d4a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@
 
     // Determine device mode.
     if (mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER &&
-        mConfig.pointerGesturesEnabled && !mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
+        mConfig.pointerGesturesEnabled && !mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
         mSource = AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE;
         mDeviceMode = DeviceMode::POINTER;
         if (hasStylus()) {
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@
             (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::POINTER) ||
             // - when pointer capture is enabled, to preserve the mouse cursor position;
             (mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER &&
-             mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.enable) ||
+             mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) ||
             // - when we should be showing touches;
             (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::DIRECT && mConfig.showTouches) ||
             // - when we should be showing a pointer icon for direct styluses.
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@
         if (mPointerController == nullptr) {
             mPointerController = getContext()->getPointerController(getDeviceId());
         }
-        if (mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
+        if (mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) {
             mPointerController->fade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::IMMEDIATE);
         }
     } else {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
index eacc66e..99f9e24 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
@@ -410,9 +410,9 @@
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled});
     }
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
-    if ((!changes.any() && config.pointerCaptureRequest.enable) ||
+    if ((!changes.any() && config.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) ||
         changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE)) {
-        mPointerCaptured = config.pointerCaptureRequest.enable;
+        mPointerCaptured = config.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable();
         // The motion ranges are going to change, so bump the generation to clear the cached ones.
         bumpGeneration();
         if (mPointerCaptured) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GesturesLogging.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GesturesLogging.cpp
index 81b4968..26028c5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GesturesLogging.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GesturesLogging.cpp
@@ -26,15 +26,30 @@
 
 extern "C" {
 
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Log details of each gesture output by the gestures library.
+ * Enable this via "adb shell setprop log.tag.TouchpadInputMapperGestures DEBUG" (requires
+ * restarting the shell)
+ */
+const bool DEBUG_TOUCHPAD_GESTURES =
+        __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "TouchpadInputMapperGestures",
+                                  ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
+
+} // namespace
+
 void gestures_log(int verb, const char* fmt, ...) {
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, fmt);
     if (verb == GESTURES_LOG_ERROR) {
         LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, fmt, args);
-    } else if (verb == GESTURES_LOG_INFO) {
-        LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, fmt, args);
-    } else {
-        LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, args);
+    } else if (DEBUG_TOUCHPAD_GESTURES) {
+        if (verb == GESTURES_LOG_INFO) {
+            LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, fmt, args);
+        } else {
+            LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, args);
+        }
     }
     va_end(args);
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index a26153e..09ae6dd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "AnrTracker_test.cpp",
-        "BlockingQueue_test.cpp",
         "CapturedTouchpadEventConverter_test.cpp",
         "CursorInputMapper_test.cpp",
         "EventHub_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp
index de74067..c44f880 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
     }
 
     void setPointerCapture(bool enabled) {
-        mReaderConfiguration.pointerCaptureRequest.enable = enabled;
+        mReaderConfiguration.pointerCaptureRequest.window = enabled ? sp<BBinder>::make() : nullptr;
         mReaderConfiguration.pointerCaptureRequest.seq = 1;
         int32_t generation = mDevice->getGeneration();
         std::list<NotifyArgs> args =
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp
index 9e93712..8f593b5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@
     transform = t;
 }
 
-PointerCaptureRequest FakeInputReaderPolicy::setPointerCapture(bool enabled) {
-    mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest = {enabled, mNextPointerCaptureSequenceNumber++};
+PointerCaptureRequest FakeInputReaderPolicy::setPointerCapture(const sp<IBinder>& window) {
+    mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest = {window, mNextPointerCaptureSequenceNumber++};
     return mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h
index da5085d..710bb54 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     TouchAffineTransformation getTouchAffineTransformation(const std::string& inputDeviceDescriptor,
                                                            ui::Rotation surfaceRotation);
     void setTouchAffineTransformation(const TouchAffineTransformation t);
-    PointerCaptureRequest setPointerCapture(bool enabled);
+    PointerCaptureRequest setPointerCapture(const sp<IBinder>& window);
     void setShowTouches(bool enabled);
     void setDefaultPointerDisplayId(int32_t pointerDisplayId);
     void setPointerGestureEnabled(bool enabled);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
index 4655ee8..069b50d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
@@ -37,10 +37,9 @@
     return std::visit([](const auto& event) { return event.id; }, v);
 }
 
-MotionEvent toInputEvent(
-        const trace::TracedMotionEvent& e,
-        const trace::InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
-        const std::array<uint8_t, 32>& hmac) {
+MotionEvent toInputEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& e,
+                         const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+                         const std::array<uint8_t, 32>& hmac) {
     MotionEvent traced;
     traced.initialize(e.id, e.deviceId, e.source, e.displayId, hmac, e.action, e.actionButton,
                       dispatchArgs.resolvedFlags, e.edgeFlags, e.metaState, e.buttonState,
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
     return traced;
 }
 
-KeyEvent toInputEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& e,
-                      const trace::InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
+KeyEvent toInputEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& e, const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs,
                       const std::array<uint8_t, 32>& hmac) {
     KeyEvent traced;
     traced.initialize(e.id, e.deviceId, e.source, e.displayId, hmac, e.action,
-                      dispatchArgs.resolvedFlags, e.keyCode, e.scanCode, e.metaState, e.repeatCount,
-                      e.downTime, e.eventTime);
+                      dispatchArgs.resolvedFlags, e.keyCode, e.scanCode, e.metaState,
+                      dispatchArgs.resolvedKeyRepeatCount, e.downTime, e.eventTime);
     return traced;
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@
 
     auto tracedDispatchesIt =
             std::find_if(mTracedWindowDispatches.begin(), mTracedWindowDispatches.end(),
-                         [&](const WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
+                         [&](const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
                              return args.windowId == expectedWindowId &&
                                      getId(args.eventEntry) == expectedEvent.getId();
                          });
@@ -163,7 +161,8 @@
 
 // --- FakeInputTracingBackend ---
 
-void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& event) {
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& event,
+                                            const trace::TracedEventArgs&) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
         mTrace->mTracedEvents.emplace(event.id, event);
@@ -171,7 +170,8 @@
     mTrace->mEventTracedCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
-void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& event) {
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                               const trace::TracedEventArgs&) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
         mTrace->mTracedEvents.emplace(event.id, event);
@@ -179,7 +179,8 @@
     mTrace->mEventTracedCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
-void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& args) {
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& args,
+                                                  const trace::TracedEventArgs&) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
         mTrace->mTracedWindowDispatches.push_back(args);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
index 1b3613d..ab05d6b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::condition_variable mEventTracedCondition;
     std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*eventId*/, trace::TracedEvent> mTracedEvents GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    using WindowDispatchArgs = trace::InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs;
-    std::vector<WindowDispatchArgs> mTracedWindowDispatches GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::vector<trace::WindowDispatchArgs> mTracedWindowDispatches GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::vector<std::pair<std::variant<KeyEvent, MotionEvent>, int32_t /*windowId*/>>
             mExpectedEvents GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
@@ -83,9 +82,11 @@
 private:
     std::shared_ptr<VerifyingTrace> mTrace;
 
-    void traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& entry) override;
-    void traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& entry) override;
-    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& entry) override;
+    void traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& entry, const trace::TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& entry,
+                          const trace::TracedEventArgs&) override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const trace::WindowDispatchArgs& entry,
+                             const trace::TracedEventArgs&) override;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeWindowHandle.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeWindowHandle.h
index fe25130..8ce61e7 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeWindowHandle.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeWindowHandle.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumer.h>
 #include "../dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h"
 
 using android::base::Result;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FocusResolver_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FocusResolver_test.cpp
index 2ff9c3c..cb8c3cb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FocusResolver_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FocusResolver_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #define ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(_changes, _oldFocus, _newFocus) \
     {                                                       \
+        ASSERT_TRUE(_changes.has_value());                  \
         ASSERT_EQ(_oldFocus, _changes->oldFocus);           \
         ASSERT_EQ(_newFocus, _changes->newFocus);           \
     }
@@ -152,6 +153,38 @@
     ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(changes, /*from*/ invisibleWindowToken, /*to*/ nullptr);
 }
 
+TEST(FocusResolverTest, FocusTransferToMirror) {
+    sp<IBinder> focusableWindowToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    auto window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make("Window", focusableWindowToken,
+                                             /*focusable=*/true, /*visible=*/true);
+    auto mirror = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make("Mirror", focusableWindowToken,
+                                             /*focusable=*/true, /*visible=*/true);
+
+    FocusRequest request;
+    request.displayId = 42;
+    request.token = focusableWindowToken;
+    FocusResolver focusResolver;
+    std::optional<FocusResolver::FocusChanges> changes =
+            focusResolver.setFocusedWindow(request, {window, mirror});
+    ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(changes, /*from*/ nullptr, /*to*/ focusableWindowToken);
+
+    // The mirror window now comes on top, and the focus does not change
+    changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, {mirror, window});
+    ASSERT_FALSE(changes.has_value());
+
+    // The window now comes on top while the mirror is removed, and the focus does not change
+    changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, {window});
+    ASSERT_FALSE(changes.has_value());
+
+    // The window is removed but the mirror is on top, and focus does not change
+    changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, {mirror});
+    ASSERT_FALSE(changes.has_value());
+
+    // All windows removed
+    changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, {});
+    ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(changes, /*from*/ focusableWindowToken, /*to*/ nullptr);
+}
+
 TEST(FocusResolverTest, SetInputWindows) {
     sp<IBinder> focusableWindowToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
     std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> windows;
@@ -169,6 +202,10 @@
             focusResolver.setFocusedWindow(request, windows);
     ASSERT_EQ(focusableWindowToken, changes->newFocus);
 
+    // When there are no changes to the window, focus does not change
+    changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, windows);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(changes.has_value());
+
     // Window visibility changes and the window loses focus
     window->setVisible(false);
     changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, windows);
@@ -380,18 +417,13 @@
     ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(changes, /*from*/ nullptr, /*to*/ windowToken);
     ASSERT_EQ(request.displayId, changes->displayId);
 
-    // Start with a focused window
-    window->setFocusable(true);
-    changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, windows);
-    ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(changes, /*from*/ nullptr, /*to*/ windowToken);
-
     // When a display is removed, all windows are removed from the display
     // and our focused window loses focus
     changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, {});
     ASSERT_FOCUS_CHANGE(changes, /*from*/ windowToken, /*to*/ nullptr);
     focusResolver.displayRemoved(request.displayId);
 
-    // When a display is readded, the window does not get focus since the request was cleared.
+    // When a display is re-added, the window does not get focus since the request was cleared.
     changes = focusResolver.setInputWindows(request.displayId, windows);
     ASSERT_FALSE(changes);
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 621d9ea..6a6fc14 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 #include "../dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h"
-#include "../BlockingQueue.h"
 #include "FakeApplicationHandle.h"
 #include "FakeInputTracingBackend.h"
 #include "TestEventMatchers.h"
@@ -32,7 +31,9 @@
 #include <flag_macros.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <input/BlockingQueue.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
+#include <input/InputConsumer.h>
 #include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <linux/input.h>
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
@@ -308,17 +309,22 @@
                    "signal";
     }
 
-    PointerCaptureRequest assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(bool enabled) {
+    PointerCaptureRequest assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& window,
+                                                        bool enabled) {
         std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
         base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
 
-        if (!mPointerCaptureChangedCondition.wait_for(lock, 100ms,
-                                                      [this, enabled]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
-                                                          return mPointerCaptureRequest->enable ==
-                                                                  enabled;
-                                                      })) {
-            ADD_FAILURE() << "Timed out waiting for setPointerCapture(" << enabled
-                          << ") to be called.";
+        if (!mPointerCaptureChangedCondition
+                     .wait_for(lock, 100ms, [this, enabled, window]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                         if (enabled) {
+                             return mPointerCaptureRequest->isEnable() &&
+                                     mPointerCaptureRequest->window == window->getToken();
+                         } else {
+                             return !mPointerCaptureRequest->isEnable();
+                         }
+                     })) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Timed out waiting for setPointerCapture(" << window->getName() << ", "
+                          << enabled << ") to be called.";
             return {};
         }
         auto request = *mPointerCaptureRequest;
@@ -333,7 +339,7 @@
         if (mPointerCaptureChangedCondition.wait_for(lock, 100ms) != std::cv_status::timeout) {
             FAIL() << "Expected setPointerCapture(request) to not be called, but was called. "
                       "enabled = "
-                   << std::to_string(mPointerCaptureRequest->enable);
+                   << std::to_string(mPointerCaptureRequest->isEnable());
         }
         mPointerCaptureRequest.reset();
     }
@@ -7565,6 +7571,12 @@
         mWindow->consumeKeyUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
                               /*expectedFlags=*/0);
     }
+
+    void injectKeyRepeat(int32_t repeatCount) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+                  injectKey(*mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, repeatCount, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT))
+                << "Inject key event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+    }
 };
 
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherKeyRepeatTest, FocusedWindow_ReceivesKeyRepeat) {
@@ -7653,6 +7665,17 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherKeyRepeatTest, FocusedWindow_CorrectRepeatCountWhenInjectKeyRepeat) {
+    injectKeyRepeat(0);
+    mWindow->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    for (int32_t repeatCount = 1; repeatCount <= 2; ++repeatCount) {
+        expectKeyRepeatOnce(repeatCount);
+    }
+    injectKeyRepeat(1);
+    // Expect repeatCount to be 3 instead of 1
+    expectKeyRepeatOnce(3);
+}
+
 /* Test InputDispatcher for MultiDisplay */
 class InputDispatcherFocusOnTwoDisplaysTest : public InputDispatcherTest {
 public:
@@ -8797,9 +8820,10 @@
     // Define a valid key down event that is stale (too old).
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE,
                      INVALID_HMAC, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, /*flags=*/0, AKEYCODE_A, KEY_A,
-                     AMETA_NONE, /*repeatCount=*/1, eventTime, eventTime);
+                     AMETA_NONE, /*repeatCount=*/0, eventTime, eventTime);
 
-    const int32_t policyFlags = POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED | POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER;
+    const int32_t policyFlags =
+            POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED | POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER | POLICY_FLAG_DISABLE_KEY_REPEAT;
 
     InputEventInjectionResult result =
             mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, /*targetUid=*/{},
@@ -9958,7 +9982,7 @@
     PointerCaptureRequest requestAndVerifyPointerCapture(const sp<FakeWindowHandle>& window,
                                                          bool enabled) {
         mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(window->getToken(), enabled);
-        auto request = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(enabled);
+        auto request = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(window, enabled);
         notifyPointerCaptureChanged(request);
         window->consumeCaptureEvent(enabled);
         return request;
@@ -9991,7 +10015,7 @@
     mWindow->consumeCaptureEvent(false);
     mWindow->consumeFocusEvent(false);
     mSecondWindow->consumeFocusEvent(true);
-    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(false);
+    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, false);
 
     // Ensure that additional state changes from InputReader are not sent to the window.
     notifyPointerCaptureChanged({});
@@ -10010,7 +10034,7 @@
     notifyPointerCaptureChanged(request);
 
     // Ensure that Pointer Capture is disabled.
-    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(false);
+    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, false);
     mWindow->consumeCaptureEvent(false);
     mWindow->assertNoEvents();
 }
@@ -10020,13 +10044,13 @@
 
     // The first window loses focus.
     setFocusedWindow(mSecondWindow);
-    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(false);
+    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, false);
     mWindow->consumeCaptureEvent(false);
 
     // Request Pointer Capture from the second window before the notification from InputReader
     // arrives.
     mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mSecondWindow->getToken(), true);
-    auto request = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(true);
+    auto request = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mSecondWindow, true);
 
     // InputReader notifies Pointer Capture was disabled (because of the focus change).
     notifyPointerCaptureChanged({});
@@ -10041,11 +10065,11 @@
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherPointerCaptureTests, EnableRequestFollowsSequenceNumbers) {
     // App repeatedly enables and disables capture.
     mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mWindow->getToken(), true);
-    auto firstRequest = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(true);
+    auto firstRequest = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, true);
     mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mWindow->getToken(), false);
-    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(false);
+    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, false);
     mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mWindow->getToken(), true);
-    auto secondRequest = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(true);
+    auto secondRequest = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, true);
 
     // InputReader notifies that PointerCapture has been enabled for the first request. Since the
     // first request is now stale, this should do nothing.
@@ -10062,10 +10086,10 @@
 
     // App toggles pointer capture off and on.
     mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mWindow->getToken(), false);
-    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(false);
+    mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, false);
 
     mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mWindow->getToken(), true);
-    auto enableRequest = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(true);
+    auto enableRequest = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, true);
 
     // InputReader notifies that the latest "enable" request was processed, while skipping over the
     // preceding "disable" request.
@@ -10117,6 +10141,26 @@
     mWindow->assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+using InputDispatcherPointerCaptureDeathTest = InputDispatcherPointerCaptureTests;
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherPointerCaptureDeathTest,
+       NotifyPointerCaptureChangedWithWrongTokenAbortsDispatcher) {
+    testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = "threadsafe";
+    ScopedSilentDeath _silentDeath;
+
+    mDispatcher->requestPointerCapture(mWindow->getToken(), true);
+    auto request = mFakePolicy->assertSetPointerCaptureCalled(mWindow, true);
+
+    // Dispatch a pointer changed event with a wrong token.
+    request.window = mSecondWindow->getToken();
+    ASSERT_DEATH(
+            {
+                notifyPointerCaptureChanged(request);
+                mSecondWindow->consumeCaptureEvent(true);
+            },
+            "Unexpected requested window for Pointer Capture.");
+}
+
 class InputDispatcherUntrustedTouchesTest : public InputDispatcherTest {
 protected:
     constexpr static const float MAXIMUM_OBSCURING_OPACITY = 0.8;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 835f8b8..1d46c9a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -1165,18 +1165,18 @@
 TEST_F(InputReaderTest, ChangingPointerCaptureNotifiesInputListener) {
     NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs args;
 
-    auto request = mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
+    auto request = mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make());
     mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     mReader->loopOnce();
     mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasCalled(&args);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(args.request.enable) << "Pointer Capture should be enabled.";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(args.request.isEnable()) << "Pointer Capture should be enabled.";
     ASSERT_EQ(args.request, request) << "Pointer Capture sequence number should match.";
 
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/nullptr);
     mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     mReader->loopOnce();
     mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasCalled(&args);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(args.request.enable) << "Pointer Capture should be disabled.";
+    ASSERT_FALSE(args.request.isEnable()) << "Pointer Capture should be disabled.";
 
     // Verify that the Pointer Capture state is not updated when the configuration value
     // does not change.
@@ -9802,7 +9802,7 @@
     prepareAxes(POSITION | ID | SLOT);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_TOUCH, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make());
     mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
@@ -9934,7 +9934,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, args.action);
 
     // non captured touchpad should be a mouse source
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/nullptr);
     configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&resetArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
@@ -10012,14 +10012,14 @@
     prepareAxes(POSITION | ID | SLOT);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
     mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/nullptr);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
     // uncaptured touchpad should be a pointer device
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
 
     // captured touchpad should be a touchpad device
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make());
     configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
 }
@@ -10090,7 +10090,7 @@
         prepareAbsoluteAxisResolution(xAxisResolution, yAxisResolution);
         // In order to enable swipe and freeform gesture in pointer mode, pointer capture
         // needs to be disabled, and the pointer gesture needs to be enabled.
-        mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
+        mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(/*window=*/nullptr);
         mFakePolicy->setPointerGestureEnabled(true);
         mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/PointerChoreographer_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/PointerChoreographer_test.cpp
index e9e5061..8ddb672 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/PointerChoreographer_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/PointerChoreographer_test.cpp
@@ -355,6 +355,38 @@
             AllOf(WithCoords(110, 220), WithDisplayId(DISPLAY_ID), WithCursorPosition(110, 220)));
 }
 
+TEST_F(PointerChoreographerTest, AbsoluteMouseMovesPointerAndReturnsNewArgs) {
+    mChoreographer.setDisplayViewports(createViewports({DISPLAY_ID}));
+    mChoreographer.setDefaultMouseDisplayId(DISPLAY_ID);
+    mChoreographer.notifyInputDevicesChanged(
+            {/*id=*/0, {generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)}});
+    auto pc = assertPointerControllerCreated(ControllerType::MOUSE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(DISPLAY_ID, pc->getDisplayId());
+
+    // Set initial position of the PointerController.
+    pc->setPosition(100, 200);
+    const auto absoluteMousePointer = PointerBuilder(/*id=*/0, ToolType::MOUSE)
+                                              .axis(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 110)
+                                              .axis(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 220);
+
+    // Make NotifyMotionArgs and notify Choreographer.
+    mChoreographer.notifyMotion(
+            MotionArgsBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)
+                    .pointer(absoluteMousePointer)
+                    .deviceId(DEVICE_ID)
+                    .displayId(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)
+                    .build());
+
+    // Check that the PointerController updated the position and the pointer is shown.
+    pc->assertPosition(110, 220);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pc->isPointerShown());
+
+    // Check that x-y coordinates, displayId and cursor position are correctly updated.
+    mTestListener.assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithCoords(110, 220), WithRelativeMotion(10, 20), WithDisplayId(DISPLAY_ID),
+                  WithCursorPosition(110, 220)));
+}
+
 TEST_F(PointerChoreographerTest,
        AssociatedMouseMovesPointerOnAssociatedDisplayAndDoesNotMovePointerOnDefaultDisplay) {
     // Add two displays and set one to default.
@@ -413,7 +445,8 @@
              {generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)}});
     mChoreographer.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(
             NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs(/*id=*/2, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
-                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*enable=*/true, /*seq=*/0)));
+                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make(),
+                                                                  /*seq=*/0)));
 
     // Notify motion as if pointer capture is enabled.
     mChoreographer.notifyMotion(
@@ -450,7 +483,8 @@
     // Enable pointer capture and check if the PointerController hid the pointer.
     mChoreographer.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(
             NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs(/*id=*/1, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
-                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*enable=*/true, /*seq=*/0)));
+                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make(),
+                                                                  /*seq=*/0)));
     ASSERT_FALSE(pc->isPointerShown());
 }
 
@@ -1295,7 +1329,8 @@
     // Assume that pointer capture is enabled.
     mChoreographer.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(
             NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs(/*id=*/1, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
-                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*enable=*/true, /*seq=*/0)));
+                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make(),
+                                                                  /*seq=*/0)));
 
     // Notify motion as if pointer capture is enabled.
     mChoreographer.notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD)
@@ -1329,7 +1364,8 @@
     // Enable pointer capture and check if the PointerController hid the pointer.
     mChoreographer.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(
             NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs(/*id=*/1, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
-                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*enable=*/true, /*seq=*/0)));
+                                            PointerCaptureRequest(/*window=*/sp<BBinder>::make(),
+                                                                  /*seq=*/0)));
     ASSERT_FALSE(pc->isPointerShown());
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp
index 219b662..863d0a1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
  */
 
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <input/BlockingQueue.h>
 #include <thread>
-#include "BlockingQueue.h"
 
 // Chosen to be a number large enough for variation in fuzzer runs, but not consume too much memory.
 static constexpr size_t MAX_CAPACITY = 1024;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp
index c2bf275..643e8b9 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp
@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@
     config.touchpadTapToClickEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
     config.touchpadTapDraggingEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
     config.touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
+
+    config.pointerCaptureRequest.window = fdp.ConsumeBool() ? sp<BBinder>::make() : nullptr;
+    config.pointerCaptureRequest.seq = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -145,7 +148,6 @@
     // Some settings are fuzzed here, as well as in the main loop, to provide randomized data to the
     // TouchpadInputMapper constructor.
     setTouchpadSettings(*fdp, policyConfig);
-    policyConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.enable = fdp->ConsumeBool();
     TouchpadInputMapper& mapper =
             getMapperForDevice<ThreadSafeFuzzedDataProvider, TouchpadInputMapper>(*fdp, device,
                                                                                   policyConfig);
@@ -164,7 +166,6 @@
                 [&]() -> void { mapper.getSources(); },
                 [&]() -> void {
                     setTouchpadSettings(*fdp, policyConfig);
-                    policyConfig.pointerCaptureRequest.enable = fdp->ConsumeBool();
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
                             mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
                                                InputReaderConfiguration::Change(
diff --git a/services/powermanager/Android.bp b/services/powermanager/Android.bp
index 1f72e8b..4f65e77 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/Android.bp
+++ b/services/powermanager/Android.bp
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
         "PowerHalController.cpp",
         "PowerHalLoader.cpp",
         "PowerHalWrapper.cpp",
+        "PowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp",
         "PowerSaveState.cpp",
         "Temperature.cpp",
-        "WorkDuration.cpp",
         "WorkSource.cpp",
         ":libpowermanager_aidl",
     ],
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
     ],
 
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "android.os.hintmanager_aidl-ndk",
+    ],
+
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp
index bc178bc..40fd097 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@
     PowerHalLoader::unloadAll();
 }
 
+int32_t HalConnector::getAidlVersion() {
+    return PowerHalLoader::getAidlVersion();
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 void PowerHalController::init() {
@@ -77,6 +81,22 @@
     return mConnectedHal;
 }
 
+// Using statement expression macro instead of a method lets the static be
+// scoped to the outer method while dodging the need for a support lookup table
+// This only works for AIDL methods that do not vary supported/unsupported depending
+// on their arguments (not setBoost, setMode) which do their own support checks
+#define CACHE_SUPPORT(version, method)                                    \
+    ({                                                                    \
+        static bool support = mHalConnector->getAidlVersion() >= version; \
+        !support ? decltype(method)::unsupported() : ({                   \
+            auto result = method;                                         \
+            if (result.isUnsupported()) {                                 \
+                support = false;                                          \
+            }                                                             \
+            std::move(result);                                            \
+        });                                                               \
+    })
+
 // Check if a call to Power HAL function failed; if so, log the failure and
 // invalidate the current Power HAL handle.
 template <typename T>
@@ -103,40 +123,49 @@
     return processHalResult(handle->setMode(mode, enabled), "setMode");
 }
 
-HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-PowerHalController::createHintSession(int32_t tgid, int32_t uid,
-                                      const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
-                                      int64_t durationNanos) {
+// Aidl-only methods
+
+HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> PowerHalController::createHintSession(
+        int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos) {
     std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
-    return processHalResult(handle->createHintSession(tgid, uid, threadIds, durationNanos),
-                            "createHintSession");
+    return CACHE_SUPPORT(2,
+                         processHalResult(handle->createHintSession(tgid, uid, threadIds,
+                                                                    durationNanos),
+                                          "createHintSession"));
 }
 
-HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>
-PowerHalController::createHintSessionWithConfig(
+HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> PowerHalController::createHintSessionWithConfig(
         int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos,
         aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
         aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig* config) {
     std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
-    return processHalResult(handle->createHintSessionWithConfig(tgid, uid, threadIds, durationNanos,
-                                                                tag, config),
-                            "createHintSessionWithConfig");
+    return CACHE_SUPPORT(5,
+                         processHalResult(handle->createHintSessionWithConfig(tgid, uid, threadIds,
+                                                                              durationNanos, tag,
+                                                                              config),
+                                          "createHintSessionWithConfig"));
 }
 
 HalResult<int64_t> PowerHalController::getHintSessionPreferredRate() {
     std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
-    return processHalResult(handle->getHintSessionPreferredRate(), "getHintSessionPreferredRate");
+    return CACHE_SUPPORT(2,
+                         processHalResult(handle->getHintSessionPreferredRate(),
+                                          "getHintSessionPreferredRate"));
 }
 
 HalResult<aidl::android::hardware::power::ChannelConfig> PowerHalController::getSessionChannel(
         int tgid, int uid) {
     std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
-    return processHalResult(handle->getSessionChannel(tgid, uid), "getSessionChannel");
+    return CACHE_SUPPORT(5,
+                         processHalResult(handle->getSessionChannel(tgid, uid),
+                                          "getSessionChannel"));
 }
 
 HalResult<void> PowerHalController::closeSessionChannel(int tgid, int uid) {
     std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
-    return processHalResult(handle->closeSessionChannel(tgid, uid), "closeSessionChannel");
+    return CACHE_SUPPORT(5,
+                         processHalResult(handle->closeSessionChannel(tgid, uid),
+                                          "closeSessionChannel"));
 }
 
 } // namespace power
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp
index 2214461..ea284c3 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 sp<V1_1::IPower> PowerHalLoader::gHalHidlV1_1 = nullptr;
 sp<V1_2::IPower> PowerHalLoader::gHalHidlV1_2 = nullptr;
 sp<V1_3::IPower> PowerHalLoader::gHalHidlV1_3 = nullptr;
+int32_t PowerHalLoader::gAidlInterfaceVersion = 0;
 
 void PowerHalLoader::unloadAll() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gHalMutex);
@@ -89,6 +90,8 @@
             ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(aidlServiceName.c_str())));
     if (gHalAidl) {
         ALOGI("Successfully connected to Power HAL AIDL service.");
+        gHalAidl->getInterfaceVersion(&gAidlInterfaceVersion);
+
     } else {
         ALOGI("Power HAL AIDL service not available.");
         gHalExists = false;
@@ -128,6 +131,10 @@
     return loadHal<V1_0::IPower>(gHalExists, gHalHidlV1_0, loadFn, "HIDL v1.0");
 }
 
+int32_t PowerHalLoader::getAidlVersion() {
+    return gAidlInterfaceVersion;
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 } // namespace power
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp
index 1009100..bd6685c 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/power/IPowerHintSession.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <powermanager/HalResult.h>
 #include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
-#include <cinttypes>
-
 using namespace android::hardware::power;
 namespace Aidl = aidl::android::hardware::power;
 
@@ -31,15 +30,6 @@
 namespace power {
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-inline HalResult<void> toHalResult(const ndk::ScopedAStatus& result) {
-    if (result.isOk()) {
-        return HalResult<void>::ok();
-    }
-    ALOGE("Power HAL request failed: %s", result.getDescription().c_str());
-    return HalResult<void>::failed(result.getDescription());
-}
-
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 HalResult<void> EmptyHalWrapper::setBoost(Aidl::Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) {
     ALOGV("Skipped setBoost %s with duration %dms because %s", toString(boost).c_str(), durationMs,
@@ -53,19 +43,19 @@
     return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
 }
 
-HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>> EmptyHalWrapper::createHintSession(
+HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> EmptyHalWrapper::createHintSession(
         int32_t, int32_t, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t) {
     ALOGV("Skipped createHintSession(task num=%zu) because %s", threadIds.size(),
           getUnsupportedMessage());
-    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>>::unsupported();
+    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::unsupported();
 }
 
-HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>> EmptyHalWrapper::createHintSessionWithConfig(
+HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> EmptyHalWrapper::createHintSessionWithConfig(
         int32_t, int32_t, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t, Aidl::SessionTag,
         Aidl::SessionConfig*) {
     ALOGV("Skipped createHintSessionWithConfig(task num=%zu) because %s", threadIds.size(),
           getUnsupportedMessage());
-    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>>::unsupported();
+    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::unsupported();
 }
 
 HalResult<int64_t> EmptyHalWrapper::getHintSessionPreferredRate() {
@@ -225,7 +215,7 @@
     }
     lock.unlock();
 
-    return toHalResult(mHandle->setBoost(boost, durationMs));
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->setBoost(boost, durationMs));
 }
 
 HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::setMode(Aidl::Mode mode, bool enabled) {
@@ -253,25 +243,25 @@
     }
     lock.unlock();
 
-    return toHalResult(mHandle->setMode(mode, enabled));
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->setMode(mode, enabled));
 }
 
-HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>> AidlHalWrapper::createHintSession(
+HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> AidlHalWrapper::createHintSession(
         int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos) {
     std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession> appSession;
-    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>>::
+    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::
             fromStatus(mHandle->createHintSession(tgid, uid, threadIds, durationNanos, &appSession),
-                       std::move(appSession));
+                       std::make_shared<PowerHintSessionWrapper>(std::move(appSession)));
 }
 
-HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>> AidlHalWrapper::createHintSessionWithConfig(
+HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>> AidlHalWrapper::createHintSessionWithConfig(
         int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds, int64_t durationNanos,
         Aidl::SessionTag tag, Aidl::SessionConfig* config) {
     std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession> appSession;
-    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<Aidl::IPowerHintSession>>::
+    return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::
             fromStatus(mHandle->createHintSessionWithConfig(tgid, uid, threadIds, durationNanos,
                                                             tag, config, &appSession),
-                       std::move(appSession));
+                       std::make_shared<PowerHintSessionWrapper>(std::move(appSession)));
 }
 
 HalResult<int64_t> AidlHalWrapper::getHintSessionPreferredRate() {
@@ -287,7 +277,7 @@
 }
 
 HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::closeSessionChannel(int tgid, int uid) {
-    return toHalResult(mHandle->closeSessionChannel(tgid, uid));
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->closeSessionChannel(tgid, uid));
 }
 
 const char* AidlHalWrapper::getUnsupportedMessage() {
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..930c7fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h>
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::power;
+
+namespace android::power {
+
+// Caches support for a given call in a static variable, checking both
+// the return value and interface version.
+#define CACHE_SUPPORT(version, method)                      \
+    ({                                                      \
+        static bool support = mInterfaceVersion >= version; \
+        !support ? decltype(method)::unsupported() : ({     \
+            auto result = method;                           \
+            if (result.isUnsupported()) {                   \
+                support = false;                            \
+            }                                               \
+            std::move(result);                              \
+        });                                                 \
+    })
+
+#define CHECK_SESSION(resultType)                                    \
+    if (mSession == nullptr) {                                       \
+        return HalResult<resultType>::failed("Session not running"); \
+    }
+
+// FWD_CALL just forwards calls from the wrapper to the session object.
+// It only works if the call has no return object, as is the case with all calls
+// except getSessionConfig.
+#define FWD_CALL(version, name, args, untypedArgs)                                              \
+    HalResult<void> PowerHintSessionWrapper::name args {                                        \
+        CHECK_SESSION(void)                                                                     \
+        return CACHE_SUPPORT(version, HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mSession->name untypedArgs)); \
+    }
+
+PowerHintSessionWrapper::PowerHintSessionWrapper(std::shared_ptr<IPowerHintSession>&& session)
+      : mSession(session) {
+    if (mSession != nullptr) {
+        mSession->getInterfaceVersion(&mInterfaceVersion);
+    }
+}
+
+// Support for individual hints/modes is not really handled here since there
+// is no way to check for it, so in the future if a way to check that is added,
+// this will need to be updated.
+
+FWD_CALL(2, updateTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t in_targetDurationNanos), (in_targetDurationNanos));
+FWD_CALL(2, reportActualWorkDuration, (const std::vector<WorkDuration>& in_durations),
+         (in_durations));
+FWD_CALL(2, pause, (), ());
+FWD_CALL(2, resume, (), ());
+FWD_CALL(2, close, (), ());
+FWD_CALL(4, sendHint, (SessionHint in_hint), (in_hint));
+FWD_CALL(4, setThreads, (const std::vector<int32_t>& in_threadIds), (in_threadIds));
+FWD_CALL(5, setMode, (SessionMode in_type, bool in_enabled), (in_type, in_enabled));
+
+HalResult<SessionConfig> PowerHintSessionWrapper::getSessionConfig() {
+    CHECK_SESSION(SessionConfig);
+    SessionConfig config;
+    return CACHE_SUPPORT(5,
+                         HalResult<SessionConfig>::fromStatus(mSession->getSessionConfig(&config),
+                                                              std::move(config)));
+}
+
+} // namespace android::power
diff --git a/services/powermanager/WorkDuration.cpp b/services/powermanager/WorkDuration.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bd2b10a..0000000
--- a/services/powermanager/WorkDuration.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "WorkDuration"
-
-#include <android/WorkDuration.h>
-#include <android/performance_hint.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-namespace android::os {
-
-WorkDuration::WorkDuration(int64_t startTimestampNanos, int64_t totalDurationNanos,
-                           int64_t cpuDurationNanos, int64_t gpuDurationNanos)
-      : timestampNanos(0),
-        actualTotalDurationNanos(totalDurationNanos),
-        workPeriodStartTimestampNanos(startTimestampNanos),
-        actualCpuDurationNanos(cpuDurationNanos),
-        actualGpuDurationNanos(gpuDurationNanos) {}
-
-status_t WorkDuration::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
-    if (parcel == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    parcel->writeInt64(workPeriodStartTimestampNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(actualTotalDurationNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(actualCpuDurationNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(actualGpuDurationNanos);
-    parcel->writeInt64(timestampNanos);
-    return OK;
-}
-
-status_t WorkDuration::readFromParcel(const Parcel*) {
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
-}
-
-} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkDuration.h b/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkDuration.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 26a575f..0000000
--- a/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkDuration.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
-#include <math.h>
-
-struct AWorkDuration {};
-
-namespace android::os {
-
-/**
- * C++ Parcelable version of {@link PerformanceHintManager.WorkDuration} that can be used in
- * binder calls.
- * This file needs to be kept in sync with the WorkDuration in
- * frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/WorkDuration.java
- */
-struct WorkDuration : AWorkDuration, android::Parcelable {
-    WorkDuration() = default;
-    ~WorkDuration() = default;
-
-    WorkDuration(int64_t workPeriodStartTimestampNanos, int64_t actualTotalDurationNanos,
-                 int64_t actualCpuDurationNanos, int64_t actualGpuDurationNanos);
-    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
-    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
-
-    inline bool equalsWithoutTimestamp(const WorkDuration& other) const {
-        return workPeriodStartTimestampNanos == other.workPeriodStartTimestampNanos &&
-                actualTotalDurationNanos == other.actualTotalDurationNanos &&
-                actualCpuDurationNanos == other.actualCpuDurationNanos &&
-                actualGpuDurationNanos == other.actualGpuDurationNanos;
-    }
-
-    bool operator==(const WorkDuration& other) const {
-        return timestampNanos == other.timestampNanos && equalsWithoutTimestamp(other);
-    }
-
-    bool operator!=(const WorkDuration& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
-
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const WorkDuration& workDuration) {
-        os << "{"
-           << "workPeriodStartTimestampNanos: " << workDuration.workPeriodStartTimestampNanos
-           << ", actualTotalDurationNanos: " << workDuration.actualTotalDurationNanos
-           << ", actualCpuDurationNanos: " << workDuration.actualCpuDurationNanos
-           << ", actualGpuDurationNanos: " << workDuration.actualGpuDurationNanos
-           << ", timestampNanos: " << workDuration.timestampNanos << "}";
-        return os;
-    }
-
-    int64_t timestampNanos;
-    int64_t actualTotalDurationNanos;
-    int64_t workPeriodStartTimestampNanos;
-    int64_t actualCpuDurationNanos;
-    int64_t actualGpuDurationNanos;
-};
-
-} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp b/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp
index 6fc96c0..a05ce2b 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
         "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp",
         "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test.cpp",
         "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test.cpp",
+        "PowerHintSessionWrapperTest.cpp",
         "WorkSourceTest.cpp",
     ],
     cflags: [
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
index a720296..1589c99 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@
 
 void PowerHalWrapperAidlTest::SetUp() {
     mMockHal = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StrictMock<MockIPower>>();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal, getInterfaceVersion(_)).WillRepeatedly(([](int32_t* ret) {
+        *ret = 5;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }));
     mWrapper = std::make_unique<AidlHalWrapper>(mMockHal);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mWrapper);
 }
@@ -130,10 +134,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetBoostUnsupported) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(Eq(Boost::INTERACTION), _))
-            .Times(Exactly(1))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(false),
-                            Return(testing::ByMove(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()))));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(_, _))
+            .Times(Exactly(2))
+            .WillRepeatedly([](Boost, bool* ret) {
+                *ret = false;
+                return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+            });
 
     auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
     ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
@@ -311,3 +317,29 @@
     auto closeResult = mWrapper->closeSessionChannel(tgid, uid);
     ASSERT_TRUE(closeResult.isOk());
 }
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestCreateHintSessionWithConfigUnsupported) {
+    std::vector<int> threadIds{gettid()};
+    int32_t tgid = 999;
+    int32_t uid = 1001;
+    int64_t durationNanos = 16666666L;
+    SessionTag tag = SessionTag::OTHER;
+    SessionConfig out;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                createHintSessionWithConfig(Eq(tgid), Eq(uid), Eq(threadIds), Eq(durationNanos),
+                                            Eq(tag), _, _))
+            .Times(1)
+            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(
+                    ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION))));
+    auto result =
+            mWrapper->createHintSessionWithConfig(tgid, uid, threadIds, durationNanos, tag, &out);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(mMockHal.get());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                createHintSessionWithConfig(Eq(tgid), Eq(uid), Eq(threadIds), Eq(durationNanos),
+                                            Eq(tag), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(
+                    testing::ByMove(ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION))));
+    result = mWrapper->createHintSessionWithConfig(tgid, uid, threadIds, durationNanos, tag, &out);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHintSessionWrapperTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHintSessionWrapperTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7743fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHintSessionWrapperTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/IPowerHintSession.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
+using android::power::PowerHintSessionWrapper;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+class MockIPowerHintSession : public IPowerHintSession {
+public:
+    MockIPowerHintSession() = default;
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, updateTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t in_targetDurationNanos),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, reportActualWorkDuration,
+                (const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::power::WorkDuration>& in_durations),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, pause, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, resume, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, close, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, sendHint,
+                (::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint in_hint), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, setThreads, (const std::vector<int32_t>& in_threadIds),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, setMode,
+                (::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionMode in_type, bool in_enabled),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, getSessionConfig,
+                (::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig * _aidl_return), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceVersion, (int32_t * _aidl_return), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceHash, (std::string * _aidl_return), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(::ndk::SpAIBinder, asBinder, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isRemote, (), (override));
+};
+
+class PowerHintSessionWrapperTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override;
+
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<MockIPowerHintSession>> mMockSession = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper> mSession = nullptr;
+};
+
+void PowerHintSessionWrapperTest::SetUp() {
+    mMockSession = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<NiceMock<MockIPowerHintSession>>();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession, getInterfaceVersion(_)).WillRepeatedly(([](int32_t* ret) {
+        *ret = 5;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }));
+    mSession = std::make_unique<PowerHintSessionWrapper>(mMockSession);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mSession);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, updateTargetWorkDuration) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(), updateTargetWorkDuration(1000000000))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->updateTargetWorkDuration(1000000000);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, reportActualWorkDuration) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(),
+                reportActualWorkDuration(
+                        std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::power::WorkDuration>()))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->reportActualWorkDuration(
+            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::power::WorkDuration>());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, pause) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(), pause()).WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->pause();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, resume) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(), resume()).WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->resume();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, close) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(), close()).WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->close();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, sendHint) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(),
+                sendHint(::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint::CPU_LOAD_UP))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->sendHint(::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint::CPU_LOAD_UP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, setThreads) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(), setThreads(_)).WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->setThreads(std::vector<int32_t>{gettid()});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, setMode) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(),
+                setMode(::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionMode::POWER_EFFICIENCY, true))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+    auto status = mSession->setMode(::aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionMode::POWER_EFFICIENCY,
+                                    true);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHintSessionWrapperTest, getSessionConfig) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockSession.get(), getSessionConfig(_))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(
+                                    aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig{.id = 12L}),
+                            Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok())));
+    auto status = mSession->getSessionConfig();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
index 118d928..bd54d24 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
@@ -340,8 +340,8 @@
             binder::Status onSensorPrivacyChanged(int toggleType, int sensor,
                                                   bool enabled);
 
-            // This callback is used for additional automotive-specific states for sensor privacy
-            // such as AUTO_DRIVER_ASSISTANCE_APPS. The newly defined states will only be valid
+            // This callback is used for additional automotive-specific state for sensor privacy
+            // such as ENABLED_EXCEPT_ALLOWLISTED_APPS. The newly defined states will only be valid
             // for camera privacy on automotive devices. onSensorPrivacyChanged() will still be
             // invoked whenever the enabled status of a toggle changes.
             binder::Status onSensorPrivacyStateChanged(int, int, int) {return binder::Status::ok();}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index 46252e1..dc69b81 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
         "android.hardware.power-ndk_shared",
         "librenderengine_deps",
         "libtimestats_deps",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_deps",
         "surfaceflinger_defaults",
     ],
     cflags: [
@@ -82,12 +83,11 @@
         "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
         "libsync",
         "libui",
-        "libinput",
         "libutils",
         "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "iinputflinger_aidl_lib_static",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libframetimeline",
@@ -98,10 +98,8 @@
         "libscheduler",
         "libserviceutils",
         "libshaders",
-        "libsurfaceflinger_common",
         "libtimestats",
         "libtonemap",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
@@ -212,7 +210,6 @@
         "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp",
         "Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp",
         "ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp",
-        "StartPropertySetThread.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp",
         "Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
index 0b01c66..a52cc87 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
         "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "liblayers_proto",
@@ -90,24 +89,23 @@
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libcompositionengine",
-    defaults: ["libcompositionengine_defaults"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libsurfaceflinger_common",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags",
+    defaults: [
+        "libcompositionengine_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_deps",
     ],
     srcs: [
         ":libcompositionengine_sources",
     ],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "server_configurable_flags",
-    ],
 }
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libcompositionengine_mocks",
-    defaults: ["libcompositionengine_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "libcompositionengine_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test_deps",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "mock/CompositionEngine.cpp",
         "mock/Display.cpp",
@@ -123,11 +121,6 @@
         "libgtest",
         "libgmock",
         "libcompositionengine",
-        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags_test",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
@@ -140,7 +133,10 @@
         "frameworks/native/services/surfaceflinger/common/include",
         "frameworks/native/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests",
     ],
-    defaults: ["libcompositionengine_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "libcompositionengine_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test_deps",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         ":libcompositionengine_sources",
         "tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp",
@@ -166,14 +162,11 @@
         "librenderengine_mocks",
         "libgmock",
         "libgtest",
-        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags_test",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         // For some reason, libvulkan isn't picked up from librenderengine
         // Probably ASAN related?
         "libvulkan",
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     sanitize: {
         hwaddress: true,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
index 18a96f4..843b5c5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
+#include "utils/Timers.h"
 
 #include <compositionengine/Display.h>
 #include <compositionengine/LayerFE.h>
@@ -105,6 +106,9 @@
     bool hasTrustedPresentationListener = false;
 
     ICEPowerCallback* powerCallback = nullptr;
+
+    // System time for when frame refresh starts. Used for stats.
+    nsecs_t refreshStartTime = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
index a1d6132..a499928 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@
     // Called before composition starts. Should return true if this layer has
     // pending updates which would require an extra display refresh cycle to
     // process.
-    virtual bool onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime,
-                                  bool updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame) = 0;
+    virtual bool onPreComposition(bool updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame) = 0;
 
     struct ClientCompositionTargetSettings {
         enum class BlurSetting {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
index 15e4577..1b8cc27 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getCompositionState, const LayerFECompositionState*());
 
-    MOCK_METHOD2(onPreComposition, bool(nsecs_t, bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(onPreComposition, bool(bool));
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(prepareClientComposition,
                        std::optional<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/CompositionEngine.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/CompositionEngine.cpp
index d87eae3..b470208 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/CompositionEngine.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/CompositionEngine.cpp
@@ -181,10 +181,10 @@
 
     bool needsAnotherUpdate = false;
 
-    mRefreshStartTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    mRefreshStartTime = args.refreshStartTime;
 
     for (auto& layer : args.layers) {
-        if (layer->onPreComposition(mRefreshStartTime, args.updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame)) {
+        if (layer->onPreComposition(args.updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame)) {
             needsAnotherUpdate = true;
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp
index da578e2..042010e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/CompositionEngineTest.cpp
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(CompositionTestPreComposition, preCompositionSetsFrameTimestamp) {
     const nsecs_t before = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    mRefreshArgs.refreshStartTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
     mEngine.preComposition(mRefreshArgs);
     const nsecs_t after = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 
@@ -226,12 +227,9 @@
     nsecs_t ts1 = 0;
     nsecs_t ts2 = 0;
     nsecs_t ts3 = 0;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1FE, onPreComposition(_, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<0>(&ts1), Return(false)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2FE, onPreComposition(_, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<0>(&ts2), Return(false)));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3FE, onPreComposition(_, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<0>(&ts3), Return(false)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<0>(&ts1), Return(false)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<0>(&ts2), Return(false)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<0>(&ts3), Return(false)));
 
     mRefreshArgs.outputs = {mOutput1};
     mRefreshArgs.layers = {mLayer1FE, mLayer2FE, mLayer3FE};
@@ -245,9 +243,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompositionTestPreComposition, preCompositionDefaultsToNoUpdateNeeded) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1FE, onPreComposition(_, _)).WillOnce(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2FE, onPreComposition(_, _)).WillOnce(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3FE, onPreComposition(_, _)).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(Return(false));
 
     mEngine.setNeedsAnotherUpdateForTest(true);
 
@@ -262,9 +260,9 @@
 
 TEST_F(CompositionTestPreComposition,
        preCompositionSetsNeedsAnotherUpdateIfAtLeastOneLayerRequestsIt) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1FE, onPreComposition(_, _)).WillOnce(Return(true));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2FE, onPreComposition(_, _)).WillOnce(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3FE, onPreComposition(_, _)).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(Return(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3FE, onPreComposition(_)).WillOnce(Return(false));
 
     mRefreshArgs.outputs = {mOutput1};
     mRefreshArgs.layers = {mLayer1FE, mLayer2FE, mLayer3FE};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
index a0c943b..faa5197 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint;
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::WorkDuration;
 
 PowerAdvisor::~PowerAdvisor() = default;
@@ -204,13 +205,36 @@
     return *mSupportsHintSession;
 }
 
+bool PowerAdvisor::shouldCreateSessionWithConfig() {
+    return mSessionConfigSupported && FlagManager::getInstance().adpf_use_fmq_channel();
+}
+
 bool PowerAdvisor::ensurePowerHintSessionRunning() {
     if (mHintSession == nullptr && !mHintSessionThreadIds.empty() && usePowerHintSession()) {
-        auto ret = getPowerHal().createHintSession(getpid(), static_cast<int32_t>(getuid()),
-                                                   mHintSessionThreadIds, mTargetDuration.ns());
-
-        if (ret.isOk()) {
-            mHintSession = ret.value();
+        if (shouldCreateSessionWithConfig()) {
+            auto ret = getPowerHal().createHintSessionWithConfig(getpid(),
+                                                                 static_cast<int32_t>(getuid()),
+                                                                 mHintSessionThreadIds,
+                                                                 mTargetDuration.ns(),
+                                                                 SessionTag::SURFACEFLINGER,
+                                                                 &mSessionConfig);
+            if (ret.isOk()) {
+                mHintSession = ret.value();
+            }
+            // If it fails the first time we try, or ever returns unsupported, assume unsupported
+            else if (mFirstConfigSupportCheck || ret.isUnsupported()) {
+                ALOGI("Hint session with config is unsupported, falling back to a legacy session");
+                mSessionConfigSupported = false;
+            }
+            mFirstConfigSupportCheck = false;
+        }
+        // Immediately try original method after, in case the first way returned unsupported
+        if (mHintSession == nullptr && !shouldCreateSessionWithConfig()) {
+            auto ret = getPowerHal().createHintSession(getpid(), static_cast<int32_t>(getuid()),
+                                                       mHintSessionThreadIds, mTargetDuration.ns());
+            if (ret.isOk()) {
+                mHintSession = ret.value();
+            }
         }
     }
     return mHintSession != nullptr;
@@ -233,7 +257,7 @@
             auto ret = mHintSession->updateTargetWorkDuration(targetDuration.ns());
             if (!ret.isOk()) {
                 ALOGW("Failed to set power hint target work duration with error: %s",
-                      ret.getDescription().c_str());
+                      ret.errorMessage());
                 mHintSession = nullptr;
             }
         }
@@ -293,8 +317,7 @@
 
         auto ret = mHintSession->reportActualWorkDuration(mHintSessionQueue);
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
-            ALOGW("Failed to report actual work durations with error: %s",
-                  ret.getDescription().c_str());
+            ALOGW("Failed to report actual work durations with error: %s", ret.errorMessage());
             mHintSession = nullptr;
             return;
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
index bbe51cc0..13e1263 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
@@ -230,6 +230,9 @@
     // this normalizes them together and takes the max of the two
     Duration combineTimingEstimates(Duration totalDuration, Duration flingerDuration);
 
+    // Whether to use the new "createHintSessionWithConfig" method
+    bool shouldCreateSessionWithConfig() REQUIRES(mHintSessionMutex);
+
     bool ensurePowerHintSessionRunning() REQUIRES(mHintSessionMutex);
     std::unordered_map<DisplayId, DisplayTimingData> mDisplayTimingData;
 
@@ -259,8 +262,8 @@
     std::optional<bool> mSupportsHintSession;
 
     std::mutex mHintSessionMutex;
-    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession> mHintSession
-            GUARDED_BY(mHintSessionMutex) = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<power::PowerHintSessionWrapper> mHintSession GUARDED_BY(mHintSessionMutex) =
+            nullptr;
 
     // Initialize to true so we try to call, to check if it's supported
     bool mHasExpensiveRendering = true;
@@ -278,6 +281,13 @@
     std::promise<bool> mDelayReportActualMutexAcquisitonPromise;
     bool mTimingTestingMode = false;
 
+    // Hint session configuration data
+    aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig mSessionConfig;
+
+    // Whether createHintSessionWithConfig is supported, assume true until it fails
+    bool mSessionConfigSupported = true;
+    bool mFirstConfigSupportCheck = true;
+
     // Whether we should emit ATRACE_INT data for hint sessions
     static const bool sTraceHintSessionData;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
index cb0e2a1..867f3af 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -163,7 +163,9 @@
     LLOGV(layerId, "requested=%" PRIu64 "flags=%" PRIu64, clientState.what, clientChanges);
 
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
-        if ((oldFlags ^ flags) & (layer_state_t::eLayerHidden | layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque)) {
+        if ((oldFlags ^ flags) &
+            (layer_state_t::eLayerHidden | layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque |
+             layer_state_t::eLayerSecure)) {
             changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility |
                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion;
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
index 2dbcb84..43a4397 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@
     return mSnapshot.get();
 }
 
-bool LayerFE::onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime, bool) {
-    mCompositionResult.refreshStartTime = refreshStartTime;
+bool LayerFE::onPreComposition(bool) {
     return mSnapshot->hasReadyFrame;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
index d584fb7..66cb88b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@
 namespace android {
 
 struct CompositionResult {
-    // TODO(b/238781169) update CE to no longer pass refreshStartTime to LayerFE::onPreComposition
-    // and remove this field.
-    nsecs_t refreshStartTime = 0;
     std::vector<std::pair<ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack>> releaseFences;
     sp<Fence> lastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
 };
@@ -39,7 +36,7 @@
 
     // compositionengine::LayerFE overrides
     const compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState* getCompositionState() const override;
-    bool onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime, bool updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame) override;
+    bool onPreComposition(bool updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame) override;
     void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack) override;
     const char* getDebugName() const override;
     int32_t getSequence() const override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index c888ccc..77e045d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@
     constexpr bool kIsProtected = false;
 
     if (const auto fenceResult =
-                mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), getLayerSnapshots, buffer,
-                                             kRegionSampling, kGrayscale, kIsProtected, nullptr)
+                mFlinger.captureScreenshot(std::move(renderAreaFuture), getLayerSnapshots, buffer,
+                                           kRegionSampling, kGrayscale, kIsProtected, nullptr)
                         .get();
         fenceResult.ok()) {
         fenceResult.value()->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp
index 16776cf..5455fdc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp
@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "libscheduler_test",
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
-    defaults: ["libscheduler_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "libscheduler_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test_deps",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "tests/FrameTargeterTest.cpp",
         "tests/PresentLatencyTrackerTest.cpp",
@@ -63,9 +66,5 @@
         "libgmock",
         "libgtest",
         "libscheduler",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags_test",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index ffd3463..56c29e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -506,6 +506,8 @@
     }
 
     int noVoteLayers = 0;
+    // Layers that prefer the same mode ("no-op").
+    int noPreferenceLayers = 0;
     int minVoteLayers = 0;
     int maxVoteLayers = 0;
     int explicitDefaultVoteLayers = 0;
@@ -549,10 +551,7 @@
                     explicitCategoryVoteLayers++;
                 }
                 if (layer.frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::NoPreference) {
-                    // Count this layer for Min vote as well. The explicit vote avoids
-                    // touch boost and idle for choosing a category, while Min vote is for correct
-                    // behavior when all layers are Min or no vote.
-                    minVoteLayers++;
+                    noPreferenceLayers++;
                 }
                 break;
             case LayerVoteType::Heuristic:
@@ -612,6 +611,16 @@
         return {ranking, kNoSignals};
     }
 
+    // If all layers are category NoPreference, use the current config.
+    if (noPreferenceLayers + noVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
+        ALOGV("All layers NoPreference");
+        const auto ascendingWithPreferred =
+                rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending, activeMode.getId());
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (All layers NoPreference)",
+                              to_string(ascendingWithPreferred.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ascendingWithPreferred, kNoSignals};
+    }
+
     const bool smoothSwitchOnly = categorySmoothSwitchOnlyLayers > 0;
     const DisplayModeId activeModeId = activeMode.getId();
 
@@ -643,6 +652,7 @@
               ftl::enum_string(layer.frameRateCategory).c_str());
         if (layer.isNoVote() || layer.frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::NoPreference ||
             layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Min) {
+            ALOGV("%s scoring skipped due to vote", formatLayerInfo(layer, layer.weight).c_str());
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -834,13 +844,16 @@
     const bool touchBoostForExplicitExact = [&] {
         if (supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent()) {
             // Enable touch boost if there are other layers besides exact
-            return explicitExact + noVoteLayers != layers.size();
+            return explicitExact + noVoteLayers + explicitGteLayers != layers.size();
         } else {
             // Enable touch boost if there are no exact layers
             return explicitExact == 0;
         }
     }();
 
+    const bool touchBoostForCategory =
+            explicitCategoryVoteLayers + noVoteLayers + explicitGteLayers != layers.size();
+
     const auto touchRefreshRates = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
     using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
 
@@ -851,6 +864,7 @@
     const bool hasInteraction = signals.touch || interactiveLayers > 0;
 
     if (hasInteraction && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
+        touchBoostForCategory &&
         scores.front().frameRateMode.fps < touchRefreshRates.front().frameRateMode.fps) {
         ALOGV("Touch Boost");
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Touch Boost [late])",
@@ -1554,19 +1568,17 @@
         case FrameRateCategory::High:
             return FpsRange{90_Hz, 120_Hz};
         case FrameRateCategory::Normal:
-            return FpsRange{60_Hz, 90_Hz};
+            return FpsRange{60_Hz, 120_Hz};
         case FrameRateCategory::Low:
-            return FpsRange{30_Hz, 30_Hz};
+            return FpsRange{30_Hz, 120_Hz};
         case FrameRateCategory::HighHint:
         case FrameRateCategory::NoPreference:
         case FrameRateCategory::Default:
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Should not get fps range for frame rate category: %s",
                              ftl::enum_string(category).c_str());
-            return FpsRange{0_Hz, 0_Hz};
         default:
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Invalid frame rate category for range: %s",
                              ftl::enum_string(category).c_str());
-            return FpsRange{0_Hz, 0_Hz};
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 3f91682..d92edb8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@
             }));
 }
 
-void Scheduler::setRenderRate(PhysicalDisplayId id, Fps renderFrameRate) {
+void Scheduler::setRenderRate(PhysicalDisplayId id, Fps renderFrameRate, bool applyImmediately) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
     ALOGV("%s %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(mode.fps).c_str(),
           to_string(mode.modePtr->getVsyncRate()).c_str());
 
-    display.schedulePtr->getTracker().setRenderRate(renderFrameRate);
+    display.schedulePtr->getTracker().setRenderRate(renderFrameRate, applyImmediately);
 }
 
 Fps Scheduler::getNextFrameInterval(PhysicalDisplayId id,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 09f75fd..494a91b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
     const VsyncConfiguration& getVsyncConfiguration() const { return *mVsyncConfiguration; }
 
     // Sets the render rate for the scheduler to run at.
-    void setRenderRate(PhysicalDisplayId, Fps);
+    void setRenderRate(PhysicalDisplayId, Fps, bool applyImmediately);
 
     void enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
     void disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId, bool disallow) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
index 84ccf8e..6d6b70d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <ftl/concat.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
+#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
 
 #include <scheduler/TimeKeeper.h>
@@ -44,6 +44,17 @@
             TimePoint::fromNs(nextVsyncTime)};
 }
 
+void traceEntry(const VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry& entry, nsecs_t now) {
+    if (!ATRACE_ENABLED() || !entry.wakeupTime().has_value() || !entry.targetVsync().has_value()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ftl::Concat trace(ftl::truncated<5>(entry.name()), " alarm in ",
+                      ns2us(*entry.wakeupTime() - now), "us; VSYNC in ",
+                      ns2us(*entry.targetVsync() - now), "us");
+    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT(trace.c_str());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 VSyncDispatch::~VSyncDispatch() = default;
@@ -87,6 +98,7 @@
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::schedule(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming timing,
                                                       VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t now) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::schedule");
     auto nextVsyncTime =
             tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(std::max(timing.lastVsync,
                                                           now + timing.workDuration +
@@ -98,6 +110,8 @@
             mArmedInfo && (nextVsyncTime > (mArmedInfo->mActualVsyncTime + mMinVsyncDistance));
     bool const wouldSkipAWakeup =
             mArmedInfo && ((nextWakeupTime > (mArmedInfo->mActualWakeupTime + mMinVsyncDistance)));
+    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s: wouldSkipAVsyncTarget=%d wouldSkipAWakeup=%d", mName.c_str(),
+                          wouldSkipAVsyncTarget, wouldSkipAWakeup);
     if (FlagManager::getInstance().dont_skip_on_early_ro()) {
         if (wouldSkipAVsyncTarget || wouldSkipAWakeup) {
             nextVsyncTime = mArmedInfo->mActualVsyncTime;
@@ -122,7 +136,7 @@
 ScheduleResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::addPendingWorkloadUpdate(
         VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t now, VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming timing) {
     mWorkloadUpdateInfo = timing;
-    const auto armedInfo = update(tracker, now, timing, mArmedInfo);
+    const auto armedInfo = getArmedInfo(tracker, now, timing, mArmedInfo);
     return {TimePoint::fromNs(armedInfo.mActualWakeupTime),
             TimePoint::fromNs(armedInfo.mActualVsyncTime)};
 }
@@ -140,11 +154,13 @@
     bool const nextVsyncTooClose = mLastDispatchTime &&
             (nextVsyncTime - *mLastDispatchTime + mMinVsyncDistance) <= currentPeriod;
     if (alreadyDispatchedForVsync) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("alreadyDispatchedForVsync");
         return tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(*mLastDispatchTime + mMinVsyncDistance,
                                                     *mLastDispatchTime);
     }
 
     if (nextVsyncTooClose) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("nextVsyncTooClose");
         return tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(*mLastDispatchTime + currentPeriod,
                                                     *mLastDispatchTime + currentPeriod);
     }
@@ -152,9 +168,11 @@
     return nextVsyncTime;
 }
 
-auto VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::update(VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t now,
-                                          VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming timing,
-                                          std::optional<ArmingInfo> armedInfo) const -> ArmingInfo {
+auto VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::getArmedInfo(VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t now,
+                                                VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming timing,
+                                                std::optional<ArmingInfo> armedInfo) const
+        -> ArmingInfo {
+    ATRACE_NAME("VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::getArmedInfo");
     const auto earliestReadyBy = now + timing.workDuration + timing.readyDuration;
     const auto earliestVsync = std::max(earliestReadyBy, timing.lastVsync);
 
@@ -165,29 +183,39 @@
     const auto nextReadyTime = nextVsyncTime - timing.readyDuration;
     const auto nextWakeupTime = nextReadyTime - timing.workDuration;
 
-    bool const wouldSkipAVsyncTarget =
-            armedInfo && (nextVsyncTime > (armedInfo->mActualVsyncTime + mMinVsyncDistance));
-    bool const wouldSkipAWakeup =
-            armedInfo && (nextWakeupTime > (armedInfo->mActualWakeupTime + mMinVsyncDistance));
-    if (FlagManager::getInstance().dont_skip_on_early_ro() &&
-        (wouldSkipAVsyncTarget || wouldSkipAWakeup)) {
-        return *armedInfo;
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().dont_skip_on_early_ro()) {
+        bool const wouldSkipAVsyncTarget =
+                armedInfo && (nextVsyncTime > (armedInfo->mActualVsyncTime + mMinVsyncDistance));
+        bool const wouldSkipAWakeup =
+                armedInfo && (nextWakeupTime > (armedInfo->mActualWakeupTime + mMinVsyncDistance));
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s: wouldSkipAVsyncTarget=%d wouldSkipAWakeup=%d", mName.c_str(),
+                              wouldSkipAVsyncTarget, wouldSkipAWakeup);
+        if (wouldSkipAVsyncTarget || wouldSkipAWakeup) {
+            return *armedInfo;
+        }
     }
 
     return ArmingInfo{nextWakeupTime, nextVsyncTime, nextReadyTime};
 }
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::update(VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t now) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::update");
     if (!mArmedInfo && !mWorkloadUpdateInfo) {
         return;
     }
 
     if (mWorkloadUpdateInfo) {
+        const auto workDelta = mWorkloadUpdateInfo->workDuration - mScheduleTiming.workDuration;
+        const auto readyDelta = mWorkloadUpdateInfo->readyDuration - mScheduleTiming.readyDuration;
+        const auto lastVsyncDelta = mWorkloadUpdateInfo->lastVsync - mScheduleTiming.lastVsync;
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("Workload updated workDelta=%" PRId64 " readyDelta=%" PRId64
+                              " lastVsyncDelta=%" PRId64,
+                              workDelta, readyDelta, lastVsyncDelta);
         mScheduleTiming = *mWorkloadUpdateInfo;
         mWorkloadUpdateInfo.reset();
     }
 
-    mArmedInfo = update(tracker, now, mScheduleTiming, mArmedInfo);
+    mArmedInfo = getArmedInfo(tracker, now, mScheduleTiming, mArmedInfo);
 }
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::disarm() {
@@ -282,6 +310,7 @@
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::rearmTimerSkippingUpdateFor(
         nsecs_t now, CallbackMap::const_iterator skipUpdateIt) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
     std::optional<nsecs_t> min;
     std::optional<nsecs_t> targetVsync;
     std::optional<std::string_view> nextWakeupName;
@@ -294,7 +323,10 @@
         if (it != skipUpdateIt) {
             callback->update(*mTracker, now);
         }
-        auto const wakeupTime = *callback->wakeupTime();
+
+        traceEntry(*callback, now);
+
+        const auto wakeupTime = *callback->wakeupTime();
         if (!min || *min > wakeupTime) {
             nextWakeupName = callback->name();
             min = wakeupTime;
@@ -303,11 +335,6 @@
     }
 
     if (min && min < mIntendedWakeupTime) {
-        if (ATRACE_ENABLED() && nextWakeupName && targetVsync) {
-            ftl::Concat trace(ftl::truncated<5>(*nextWakeupName), " alarm in ", ns2us(*min - now),
-                              "us; VSYNC in ", ns2us(*targetVsync - now), "us");
-            ATRACE_NAME(trace.c_str());
-        }
         setTimer(*min, now);
     } else {
         ATRACE_NAME("cancel timer");
@@ -316,6 +343,7 @@
 }
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::timerCallback() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
     struct Invocation {
         std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry> callback;
         nsecs_t vsyncTimestamp;
@@ -338,8 +366,9 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            auto const readyTime = callback->readyTime();
+            traceEntry(*callback, now);
 
+            auto const readyTime = callback->readyTime();
             auto const lagAllowance = std::max(now - mIntendedWakeupTime, static_cast<nsecs_t>(0));
             if (*wakeupTime < mIntendedWakeupTime + mTimerSlack + lagAllowance) {
                 callback->executing();
@@ -353,6 +382,8 @@
     }
 
     for (auto const& invocation : invocations) {
+        ftl::Concat trace(ftl::truncated<5>(invocation.callback->name()));
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("%s: %s", __func__, trace.c_str());
         invocation.callback->callback(invocation.vsyncTimestamp, invocation.wakeupTimestamp,
                                       invocation.deadlineTimestamp);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h
index 252c09c..e4ddc03 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@
     };
 
     nsecs_t adjustVsyncIfNeeded(VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t nextVsyncTime) const;
-    ArmingInfo update(VSyncTracker&, nsecs_t now, VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming,
-                      std::optional<ArmingInfo>) const;
+    ArmingInfo getArmedInfo(VSyncTracker&, nsecs_t now, VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming,
+                            std::optional<ArmingInfo>) const;
 
     const std::string mName;
     const VSyncDispatch::Callback mCallback;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index 8697696..acb3760 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -45,16 +45,28 @@
 
 static auto constexpr kMaxPercent = 100u;
 
+namespace {
+int numVsyncsPerFrame(const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>& displayModePtr) {
+    const auto idealPeakRefreshPeriod = displayModePtr->getPeakFps().getPeriodNsecs();
+    const auto idealRefreshPeriod = displayModePtr->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs();
+    return static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<float>(idealPeakRefreshPeriod) /
+                                       static_cast<float>(idealRefreshPeriod)));
+}
+} // namespace
+
 VSyncPredictor::~VSyncPredictor() = default;
 
-VSyncPredictor::VSyncPredictor(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, size_t historySize,
-                               size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent)
-      : mId(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId()),
+VSyncPredictor::VSyncPredictor(std::unique_ptr<Clock> clock, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr,
+                               size_t historySize, size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction,
+                               uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent)
+      : mClock(std::move(clock)),
+        mId(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId()),
         mTraceOn(property_get_bool("debug.sf.vsp_trace", false)),
         kHistorySize(historySize),
         kMinimumSamplesForPrediction(minimumSamplesForPrediction),
         kOutlierTolerancePercent(std::min(outlierTolerancePercent, kMaxPercent)),
-        mDisplayModePtr(modePtr) {
+        mDisplayModePtr(modePtr),
+        mNumVsyncsForFrame(numVsyncsPerFrame(mDisplayModePtr)) {
     resetModel();
 }
 
@@ -118,11 +130,8 @@
 }
 
 Period VSyncPredictor::minFramePeriodLocked() const {
-    const auto idealPeakRefreshPeriod = mDisplayModePtr->getPeakFps().getPeriodNsecs();
-    const auto numPeriods = static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<float>(idealPeakRefreshPeriod) /
-                                                        static_cast<float>(idealPeriod())));
     const auto slope = mRateMap.find(idealPeriod())->second.slope;
-    return Period::fromNs(slope * numPeriods);
+    return Period::fromNs(slope * mNumVsyncsForFrame);
 }
 
 bool VSyncPredictor::addVsyncTimestamp(nsecs_t timestamp) {
@@ -147,7 +156,7 @@
             mKnownTimestamp = timestamp;
         }
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("timestamp rejected. mKnownTimestamp was %.2fms ago",
-            (systemTime() - *mKnownTimestamp) / 1e6f);
+                              (mClock->now() - *mKnownTimestamp) / 1e6f);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -250,17 +259,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-auto VSyncPredictor::getVsyncSequenceLocked(nsecs_t timestamp) const -> VsyncSequence {
-    const auto vsync = snapToVsync(timestamp);
-    if (!mLastVsyncSequence) return {vsync, 0};
-
-    const auto [slope, _] = getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
-    const auto [lastVsyncTime, lastVsyncSequence] = *mLastVsyncSequence;
-    const auto vsyncSequence = lastVsyncSequence +
-            static_cast<int64_t>(std::round((vsync - lastVsyncTime) / static_cast<float>(slope)));
-    return {vsync, vsyncSequence};
-}
-
 nsecs_t VSyncPredictor::snapToVsync(nsecs_t timePoint) const {
     auto const [slope, intercept] = getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
 
@@ -298,51 +296,45 @@
 }
 
 nsecs_t VSyncPredictor::nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t timePoint,
-                                                     std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt) const {
+                                                     std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    const auto currentPeriod = mRateMap.find(idealPeriod())->second.slope;
-    const auto threshold = currentPeriod / 2;
-    const auto minFramePeriod = minFramePeriodLocked().ns();
-    const auto lastFrameMissed =
-            lastVsyncOpt && std::abs(*lastVsyncOpt - mLastMissedVsync.ns()) < threshold;
-    const nsecs_t baseTime =
-            FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config() && !lastFrameMissed && lastVsyncOpt
-            ? std::max(timePoint, *lastVsyncOpt + minFramePeriod - threshold)
-            : timePoint;
-    return snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(baseTime);
-}
 
-nsecs_t VSyncPredictor::snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(nsecs_t timePoint) const {
-    // update the mLastVsyncSequence for reference point
-    mLastVsyncSequence = getVsyncSequenceLocked(timePoint);
+    const auto now = TimePoint::fromNs(mClock->now());
+    purgeTimelines(now);
 
-    const auto renderRatePhase = [&]() REQUIRES(mMutex) -> int {
-        if (!mRenderRateOpt) return 0;
-        const auto divisor =
-                RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(idealPeriod()),
-                                                         *mRenderRateOpt);
-        if (divisor <= 1) return 0;
-
-        int mod = mLastVsyncSequence->seq % divisor;
-        if (mod == 0) return 0;
-
-        // This is actually a bug fix, but guarded with vrr_config since we found it with this
-        // config
-        if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
-            if (mod < 0) mod += divisor;
-        }
-
-        return divisor - mod;
-    }();
-
-    if (renderRatePhase == 0) {
-        return mLastVsyncSequence->vsyncTime;
+    if (lastVsyncOpt && *lastVsyncOpt > timePoint) {
+        timePoint = *lastVsyncOpt;
     }
 
-    auto const [slope, intercept] = getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
-    const auto approximateNextVsync = mLastVsyncSequence->vsyncTime + slope * renderRatePhase;
-    return snapToVsync(approximateNextVsync - slope / 2);
+    const auto model = getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
+    const auto threshold = model.slope / 2;
+    std::optional<Period> minFramePeriodOpt;
+
+    if (mNumVsyncsForFrame > 1) {
+        minFramePeriodOpt = minFramePeriodLocked();
+    }
+
+    std::optional<TimePoint> vsyncOpt;
+    for (auto& timeline : mTimelines) {
+        vsyncOpt = timeline.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(model, minFramePeriodOpt,
+                                                         snapToVsync(timePoint), mMissedVsync,
+                                                         lastVsyncOpt ? snapToVsync(*lastVsyncOpt -
+                                                                                    threshold)
+                                                                      : lastVsyncOpt);
+        if (vsyncOpt) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!vsyncOpt);
+
+    if (*vsyncOpt > mLastCommittedVsync) {
+        mLastCommittedVsync = *vsyncOpt;
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("mLastCommittedVsync in %.2fms",
+                              float(mLastCommittedVsync.ns() - mClock->now()) / 1e6f);
+    }
+
+    return vsyncOpt->ns();
 }
 
 /*
@@ -353,39 +345,61 @@
  * isVSyncInPhase(33.3, 30) = false
  * isVSyncInPhase(50.0, 30) = true
  */
-bool VSyncPredictor::isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) const {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    const auto divisor =
-            RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(idealPeriod()),
-                                                     frameRate);
-    return isVSyncInPhaseLocked(timePoint, static_cast<unsigned>(divisor));
-}
-
-bool VSyncPredictor::isVSyncInPhaseLocked(nsecs_t timePoint, unsigned divisor) const {
-    const TimePoint now = TimePoint::now();
-    const auto getTimePointIn = [](TimePoint now, nsecs_t timePoint) -> float {
-        return ticks<std::milli, float>(TimePoint::fromNs(timePoint) - now);
-    };
-    ATRACE_FORMAT("%s timePoint in: %.2f divisor: %zu", __func__, getTimePointIn(now, timePoint),
-                  divisor);
-
-    if (divisor <= 1 || timePoint == 0) {
+bool VSyncPredictor::isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) {
+    if (timePoint == 0) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    const nsecs_t period = mRateMap[idealPeriod()].slope;
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    const auto model = getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
+    const nsecs_t period = model.slope;
     const nsecs_t justBeforeTimePoint = timePoint - period / 2;
-    const auto vsyncSequence = getVsyncSequenceLocked(justBeforeTimePoint);
-    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("vsync in: %.2f sequence: %" PRId64,
-                          getTimePointIn(now, vsyncSequence.vsyncTime), vsyncSequence.seq);
-    return vsyncSequence.seq % divisor == 0;
+    const auto now = TimePoint::fromNs(mClock->now());
+    const auto vsync = snapToVsync(justBeforeTimePoint);
+
+    purgeTimelines(now);
+
+    for (auto& timeline : mTimelines) {
+        if (timeline.validUntil() && timeline.validUntil()->ns() > vsync) {
+            return timeline.isVSyncInPhase(model, vsync, frameRate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The last timeline should always be valid
+    return mTimelines.back().isVSyncInPhase(model, vsync, frameRate);
 }
 
-void VSyncPredictor::setRenderRate(Fps renderRate) {
+void VSyncPredictor::setRenderRate(Fps renderRate, bool applyImmediately) {
     ATRACE_FORMAT("%s %s", __func__, to_string(renderRate).c_str());
     ALOGV("%s %s: RenderRate %s ", __func__, to_string(mId).c_str(), to_string(renderRate).c_str());
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    const auto prevRenderRate = mRenderRateOpt;
     mRenderRateOpt = renderRate;
+    const auto renderPeriodDelta =
+            prevRenderRate ? prevRenderRate->getPeriodNsecs() - renderRate.getPeriodNsecs() : 0;
+    if (applyImmediately) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("applyImmediately");
+        while (mTimelines.size() > 1) {
+            mTimelines.pop_front();
+        }
+
+        mTimelines.front().setRenderRate(renderRate);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const bool newRenderRateIsHigher = renderPeriodDelta > renderRate.getPeriodNsecs() &&
+            mLastCommittedVsync.ns() - mClock->now() > 2 * renderRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    if (newRenderRateIsHigher) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("newRenderRateIsHigher");
+        mTimelines.clear();
+        mLastCommittedVsync = TimePoint::fromNs(0);
+
+    } else {
+        mTimelines.back().freeze(
+                TimePoint::fromNs(mLastCommittedVsync.ns() + mIdealPeriod.ns() / 2));
+    }
+    mTimelines.emplace_back(mLastCommittedVsync, mIdealPeriod, renderRate);
+    purgeTimelines(TimePoint::fromNs(mClock->now()));
 }
 
 void VSyncPredictor::setDisplayModePtr(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr) {
@@ -401,6 +415,7 @@
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
 
     mDisplayModePtr = modePtr;
+    mNumVsyncsForFrame = numVsyncsPerFrame(mDisplayModePtr);
     traceInt64("VSP-setPeriod", modePtr->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs());
 
     static constexpr size_t kSizeLimit = 30;
@@ -415,8 +430,14 @@
     clearTimestamps();
 }
 
-void VSyncPredictor::ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
-                                                  TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) {
+Duration VSyncPredictor::ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
+                                                      TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    if (mNumVsyncsForFrame <= 1) {
+        return 0ns;
+    }
+
     const auto currentPeriod = mRateMap.find(idealPeriod())->second.slope;
     const auto threshold = currentPeriod / 2;
     const auto minFramePeriod = minFramePeriodLocked().ns();
@@ -442,17 +463,20 @@
     if (!mPastExpectedPresentTimes.empty()) {
         const auto phase = Duration(mPastExpectedPresentTimes.back() - expectedPresentTime);
         if (phase > 0ns) {
-            if (mLastVsyncSequence) {
-                mLastVsyncSequence->vsyncTime += phase.ns();
+            for (auto& timeline : mTimelines) {
+                timeline.shiftVsyncSequence(phase);
             }
             mPastExpectedPresentTimes.clear();
+            return phase;
         }
     }
+
+    return 0ns;
 }
 
 void VSyncPredictor::onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
                                   TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
+    ATRACE_NAME("VSyncPredictor::onFrameBegin");
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
 
     if (!mDisplayModePtr->getVrrConfig()) return;
@@ -482,11 +506,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(expectedPresentTime, lastConfirmedPresentTime);
+    const auto phase = ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(expectedPresentTime, lastConfirmedPresentTime);
+    if (phase > 0ns) {
+        mMissedVsync = {expectedPresentTime, minFramePeriodLocked()};
+    }
 }
 
 void VSyncPredictor::onFrameMissed(TimePoint expectedPresentTime) {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
+    ATRACE_NAME("VSyncPredictor::onFrameMissed");
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (!mDisplayModePtr->getVrrConfig()) return;
@@ -496,14 +523,15 @@
     const auto lastConfirmedPresentTime =
             TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime.ns() + currentPeriod);
 
-    ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(expectedPresentTime, lastConfirmedPresentTime);
-    mLastMissedVsync = expectedPresentTime;
+    const auto phase = ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(expectedPresentTime, lastConfirmedPresentTime);
+    if (phase > 0ns) {
+        mMissedVsync = {expectedPresentTime, Duration::fromNs(0)};
+    }
 }
 
 VSyncPredictor::Model VSyncPredictor::getVSyncPredictionModel() const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    const auto model = VSyncPredictor::getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
-    return {model.slope, model.intercept};
+    return VSyncPredictor::getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
 }
 
 VSyncPredictor::Model VSyncPredictor::getVSyncPredictionModelLocked() const {
@@ -524,6 +552,11 @@
         mTimestamps.clear();
         mLastTimestampIndex = 0;
     }
+
+    mTimelines.clear();
+    mLastCommittedVsync = TimePoint::fromNs(0);
+    mIdealPeriod = Period::fromNs(idealPeriod());
+    mTimelines.emplace_back(mLastCommittedVsync, mIdealPeriod, mRenderRateOpt);
 }
 
 bool VSyncPredictor::needsMoreSamples() const {
@@ -547,6 +580,171 @@
                       period / 1e6f, periodInterceptTuple.slope / 1e6f,
                       periodInterceptTuple.intercept);
     }
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\tmTimelines.size()=%zu\n", mTimelines.size());
+}
+
+void VSyncPredictor::purgeTimelines(android::TimePoint now) {
+    const auto kEnoughFramesToBreakPhase = 5;
+    if (mRenderRateOpt &&
+        mLastCommittedVsync.ns() + mRenderRateOpt->getPeriodNsecs() * kEnoughFramesToBreakPhase <
+                mClock->now()) {
+        mTimelines.clear();
+        mLastCommittedVsync = TimePoint::fromNs(0);
+        mTimelines.emplace_back(mLastCommittedVsync, mIdealPeriod, mRenderRateOpt);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    while (mTimelines.size() > 1) {
+        const auto validUntilOpt = mTimelines.front().validUntil();
+        if (validUntilOpt && *validUntilOpt < now) {
+            mTimelines.pop_front();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mTimelines.empty());
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mTimelines.back().validUntil().has_value());
+}
+
+auto VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::makeVsyncSequence(TimePoint knownVsync)
+        -> std::optional<VsyncSequence> {
+    if (knownVsync.ns() == 0) return std::nullopt;
+    return std::make_optional<VsyncSequence>({knownVsync.ns(), 0});
+}
+
+VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::VsyncTimeline(TimePoint knownVsync, Period idealPeriod,
+                                             std::optional<Fps> renderRateOpt)
+      : mIdealPeriod(idealPeriod),
+        mRenderRateOpt(renderRateOpt),
+        mLastVsyncSequence(makeVsyncSequence(knownVsync)) {}
+
+void VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::freeze(TimePoint lastVsync) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mValidUntil.has_value());
+    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("renderRate %s valid for %.2f",
+                          mRenderRateOpt ? to_string(*mRenderRateOpt).c_str() : "NA",
+                          float(lastVsync.ns() - TimePoint::now().ns()) / 1e6f);
+    mValidUntil = lastVsync;
+}
+
+std::optional<TimePoint> VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
+        Model model, std::optional<Period> minFramePeriodOpt, nsecs_t vsync,
+        MissedVsync missedVsync, std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt) {
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("renderRate %s", mRenderRateOpt ? to_string(*mRenderRateOpt).c_str() : "NA");
+
+    nsecs_t vsyncTime = snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(model, vsync);
+    const auto threshold = model.slope / 2;
+    const auto lastFrameMissed =
+            lastVsyncOpt && std::abs(*lastVsyncOpt - missedVsync.vsync.ns()) < threshold;
+    nsecs_t vsyncFixupTime = 0;
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config() && lastFrameMissed) {
+        // If the last frame missed is the last vsync, we already shifted the timeline. Depends on
+        // whether we skipped the frame (onFrameMissed) or not (onFrameBegin) we apply a different
+        // fixup. There is no need to to shift the vsync timeline again.
+        vsyncTime += missedVsync.fixup.ns();
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("lastFrameMissed");
+    } else if (minFramePeriodOpt) {
+        if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config() && lastVsyncOpt) {
+            // lastVsyncOpt is based on the old timeline before we shifted it. we should correct it
+            // first before trying to use it.
+            if (mLastVsyncSequence->seq > 0) {
+                lastVsyncOpt = snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(model, *lastVsyncOpt);
+            }
+            const auto vsyncDiff = vsyncTime - *lastVsyncOpt;
+            if (vsyncDiff <= minFramePeriodOpt->ns() - threshold) {
+                vsyncFixupTime = *lastVsyncOpt + minFramePeriodOpt->ns() - vsyncTime;
+                ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("minFramePeriod violation. next in %.2f which is %.2f "
+                                      "from "
+                                      "prev. "
+                                      "adjust by %.2f",
+                                      static_cast<float>(vsyncTime - TimePoint::now().ns()) / 1e6f,
+                                      static_cast<float>(vsyncTime - *lastVsyncOpt) / 1e6f,
+                                      static_cast<float>(vsyncFixupTime) / 1e6f);
+            }
+        }
+        vsyncTime += vsyncFixupTime;
+    }
+
+    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("vsync in %.2fms", float(vsyncTime - TimePoint::now().ns()) / 1e6f);
+    if (mValidUntil && vsyncTime > mValidUntil->ns()) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("no longer valid for vsync in %.2f",
+                              static_cast<float>(vsyncTime - TimePoint::now().ns()) / 1e6f);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    // If we needed a fixup, it means that we changed the render rate and the chosen vsync would
+    // cross minFramePeriod. In that case we need to shift the entire vsync timeline.
+    if (vsyncFixupTime > 0) {
+        shiftVsyncSequence(Duration::fromNs(vsyncFixupTime));
+    }
+
+    return TimePoint::fromNs(vsyncTime);
+}
+
+auto VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::getVsyncSequenceLocked(Model model, nsecs_t vsync)
+        -> VsyncSequence {
+    if (!mLastVsyncSequence) return {vsync, 0};
+
+    const auto [lastVsyncTime, lastVsyncSequence] = *mLastVsyncSequence;
+    const auto vsyncSequence = lastVsyncSequence +
+            static_cast<int64_t>(std::round((vsync - lastVsyncTime) /
+                                            static_cast<float>(model.slope)));
+    return {vsync, vsyncSequence};
+}
+
+nsecs_t VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(Model model,
+                                                                        nsecs_t vsync) {
+    // update the mLastVsyncSequence for reference point
+    mLastVsyncSequence = getVsyncSequenceLocked(model, vsync);
+
+    const auto renderRatePhase = [&]() -> int {
+        if (!mRenderRateOpt) return 0;
+        const auto divisor =
+                RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mIdealPeriod.ns()),
+                                                         *mRenderRateOpt);
+        if (divisor <= 1) return 0;
+
+        int mod = mLastVsyncSequence->seq % divisor;
+        if (mod == 0) return 0;
+
+        // This is actually a bug fix, but guarded with vrr_config since we found it with this
+        // config
+        if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
+            if (mod < 0) mod += divisor;
+        }
+
+        return divisor - mod;
+    }();
+
+    if (renderRatePhase == 0) {
+        return mLastVsyncSequence->vsyncTime;
+    }
+
+    return mLastVsyncSequence->vsyncTime + model.slope * renderRatePhase;
+}
+
+bool VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::isVSyncInPhase(Model model, nsecs_t vsync, Fps frameRate) {
+    const auto getVsyncIn = [](TimePoint now, nsecs_t timePoint) -> float {
+        return ticks<std::milli, float>(TimePoint::fromNs(timePoint) - now);
+    };
+
+    Fps displayFps = mRenderRateOpt ? *mRenderRateOpt : Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mIdealPeriod.ns());
+    const auto divisor = RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayFps, frameRate);
+    const auto now = TimePoint::now();
+
+    if (divisor <= 1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    const auto vsyncSequence = getVsyncSequenceLocked(model, vsync);
+    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("vsync in: %.2f sequence: %" PRId64 " divisor: %zu",
+                          getVsyncIn(now, vsyncSequence.vsyncTime), vsyncSequence.seq, divisor);
+    return vsyncSequence.seq % divisor == 0;
+}
+
+void VSyncPredictor::VsyncTimeline::shiftVsyncSequence(Duration phase) {
+    if (mLastVsyncSequence) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("adjusting vsync by %.2f", static_cast<float>(phase.ns()) / 1e6f);
+        mLastVsyncSequence->vsyncTime += phase.ns();
+    }
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
index 8fd7e60..3ed1d41 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <scheduler/TimeKeeper.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayId.h>
 
 #include "VSyncTracker.h"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 class VSyncPredictor : public VSyncTracker {
 public:
     /*
+     * \param [in] Clock The clock abstraction. Useful for unit tests.
      * \param [in] PhysicalDisplayid The display this corresponds to.
      * \param [in] modePtr  The initial display mode
      * \param [in] historySize  The internal amount of entries to store in the model.
@@ -38,13 +40,13 @@
      * predicting. \param [in] outlierTolerancePercent a number 0 to 100 that will be used to filter
      * samples that fall outlierTolerancePercent from an anticipated vsync event.
      */
-    VSyncPredictor(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, size_t historySize,
+    VSyncPredictor(std::unique_ptr<Clock>, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, size_t historySize,
                    size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent);
     ~VSyncPredictor();
 
     bool addVsyncTimestamp(nsecs_t timestamp) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t timePoint,
-                                         std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt = {}) const final
+                                         std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt = {}) final
             EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     nsecs_t currentPeriod() const final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     Period minFramePeriod() const final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
@@ -62,11 +64,11 @@
 
     VSyncPredictor::Model getVSyncPredictionModel() const EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
-    bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) const final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+    bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
     void setDisplayModePtr(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
-    void setRenderRate(Fps) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+    void setRenderRate(Fps, bool applyImmediately) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
     void onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) final
             EXCLUDES(mMutex);
@@ -75,10 +77,44 @@
     void dump(std::string& result) const final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
 private:
+    struct VsyncSequence {
+        nsecs_t vsyncTime;
+        int64_t seq;
+    };
+
+    struct MissedVsync {
+        TimePoint vsync;
+        Duration fixup = Duration::fromNs(0);
+    };
+
+    class VsyncTimeline {
+    public:
+        VsyncTimeline(TimePoint knownVsync, Period idealPeriod, std::optional<Fps> renderRateOpt);
+        std::optional<TimePoint> nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
+                Model model, std::optional<Period> minFramePeriodOpt, nsecs_t vsyncTime,
+                MissedVsync lastMissedVsync, std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt = {});
+        void freeze(TimePoint lastVsync);
+        std::optional<TimePoint> validUntil() const { return mValidUntil; }
+        bool isVSyncInPhase(Model, nsecs_t vsync, Fps frameRate);
+        void shiftVsyncSequence(Duration phase);
+        void setRenderRate(Fps renderRate) { mRenderRateOpt = renderRate; }
+
+    private:
+        nsecs_t snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(Model model, nsecs_t vsync);
+        VsyncSequence getVsyncSequenceLocked(Model, nsecs_t vsync);
+        std::optional<VsyncSequence> makeVsyncSequence(TimePoint knownVsync);
+
+        const Period mIdealPeriod = Duration::fromNs(0);
+        std::optional<Fps> mRenderRateOpt;
+        std::optional<TimePoint> mValidUntil;
+        std::optional<VsyncSequence> mLastVsyncSequence;
+    };
+
     VSyncPredictor(VSyncPredictor const&) = delete;
     VSyncPredictor& operator=(VSyncPredictor const&) = delete;
     void clearTimestamps() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
+    const std::unique_ptr<Clock> mClock;
     const PhysicalDisplayId mId;
 
     inline void traceInt64If(const char* name, int64_t value) const;
@@ -88,16 +124,10 @@
     bool validate(nsecs_t timestamp) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
     Model getVSyncPredictionModelLocked() const REQUIRES(mMutex);
     nsecs_t snapToVsync(nsecs_t timePoint) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
-    nsecs_t snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(nsecs_t timePoint) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
-    bool isVSyncInPhaseLocked(nsecs_t timePoint, unsigned divisor) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
     Period minFramePeriodLocked() const REQUIRES(mMutex);
-    void ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(TimePoint, TimePoint) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    Duration ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(TimePoint, TimePoint) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void purgeTimelines(android::TimePoint now) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    struct VsyncSequence {
-        nsecs_t vsyncTime;
-        int64_t seq;
-    };
-    VsyncSequence getVsyncSequenceLocked(nsecs_t timestamp) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
     nsecs_t idealPeriod() const REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     bool const mTraceOn;
@@ -115,13 +145,16 @@
     std::vector<nsecs_t> mTimestamps GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> mDisplayModePtr GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
-    std::optional<Fps> mRenderRateOpt GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
-
-    mutable std::optional<VsyncSequence> mLastVsyncSequence GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    int mNumVsyncsForFrame GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     std::deque<TimePoint> mPastExpectedPresentTimes GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
-    TimePoint mLastMissedVsync GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    MissedVsync mMissedVsync GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    std::deque<VsyncTimeline> mTimelines GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    TimePoint mLastCommittedVsync GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = TimePoint::fromNs(0);
+    Period mIdealPeriod GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = Duration::fromNs(0);
+    std::optional<Fps> mRenderRateOpt GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
index 37bd4b4..8787cdb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
      *                          and avoid crossing the minimal frame period of a VRR display.
      * \return                  A prediction of the timestamp of a vsync event.
      */
-    virtual nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
-            nsecs_t timePoint, std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt = {}) const = 0;
+    virtual nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t timePoint,
+                                                 std::optional<nsecs_t> lastVsyncOpt = {}) = 0;
 
     /*
      * The current period of the vsync signal.
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
      * \param [in] timePoint  A vsync timestamp
      * \param [in] frameRate  The frame rate to check for
      */
-    virtual bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) const = 0;
+    virtual bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) = 0;
 
     /*
      * Sets the active mode of the display which includes the vsync period and other VRR attributes.
@@ -102,8 +102,10 @@
      * when a display is running at 120Hz but the render frame rate is 60Hz.
      *
      * \param [in] Fps   The render rate the tracker should operate at.
+     * \param [in] applyImmediately Whether to apply the new render rate immediately regardless of
+     *                              already committed vsyncs.
      */
-    virtual void setRenderRate(Fps) = 0;
+    virtual void setRenderRate(Fps, bool applyImmediately) = 0;
 
     virtual void onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
                               TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
index 001938c..2fa3318 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@
     constexpr size_t kMinSamplesForPrediction = 6;
     constexpr uint32_t kDiscardOutlierPercent = 20;
 
-    return std::make_unique<VSyncPredictor>(modePtr, kHistorySize, kMinSamplesForPrediction,
-                                            kDiscardOutlierPercent);
+    return std::make_unique<VSyncPredictor>(std::make_unique<SystemClock>(), modePtr, kHistorySize,
+                                            kMinSamplesForPrediction, kDiscardOutlierPercent);
 }
 
 VsyncSchedule::DispatchPtr VsyncSchedule::createDispatch(TrackerPtr tracker) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
index 85cd3e7..881d678 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
     bool addResyncSample(TimePoint timestamp, ftl::Optional<Period> hwcVsyncPeriod);
 
     // TODO(b/185535769): Hide behind API.
-    const VsyncTracker& getTracker() const { return *mTracker; }
+    VsyncTracker& getTracker() const { return *mTracker; }
     VsyncTracker& getTracker() { return *mTracker; }
     VsyncController& getController() { return *mController; }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/StartPropertySetThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/StartPropertySetThread.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f42cd53..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/StartPropertySetThread.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-StartPropertySetThread::StartPropertySetThread(bool timestampPropertyValue):
-        Thread(false), mTimestampPropertyValue(timestampPropertyValue) {}
-
-status_t StartPropertySetThread::Start() {
-    return run("SurfaceFlinger::StartPropertySetThread", PRIORITY_NORMAL);
-}
-
-bool StartPropertySetThread::threadLoop() {
-    // Set property service.sf.present_timestamp, consumer need check its readiness
-    property_set(kTimestampProperty, mTimestampPropertyValue ? "1" : "0");
-    // Clear BootAnimation exit flag
-    property_set("service.bootanim.exit", "0");
-    property_set("service.bootanim.progress", "0");
-    // Start BootAnimation if not started
-    property_set("ctl.start", "bootanim");
-    // Exit immediately
-    return false;
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/StartPropertySetThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/StartPropertySetThread.h
deleted file mode 100644
index bbdcde2..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/StartPropertySetThread.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_STARTBOOTANIMTHREAD_H
-#define ANDROID_STARTBOOTANIMTHREAD_H
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-#include <utils/Mutex.h>
-#include <utils/Thread.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class StartPropertySetThread : public Thread {
-// Boot animation is triggered via calls to "property_set()" which can block
-// if init's executing slow operation such as 'mount_all --late' (currently
-// happening 1/10th with fsck)  concurrently. Running in a separate thread
-// allows to pursue the SurfaceFlinger's init process without blocking.
-// see b/34499826.
-// Any property_set() will block during init stage so need to be offloaded
-// to this thread. see b/63844978.
-public:
-    explicit StartPropertySetThread(bool timestampPropertyValue);
-    status_t Start();
-private:
-    virtual bool threadLoop();
-    static constexpr const char* kTimestampProperty = "service.sf.present_timestamp";
-    const bool mTimestampPropertyValue;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // ANDROID_STARTBOOTANIMTHREAD_H
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index cf5f55d..bf210af 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,6 @@
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h"
 #include "ScreenCaptureOutput.h"
-#include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 #include "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h"
@@ -566,7 +565,11 @@
         initializeDisplays();
     }));
 
-    startBootAnim();
+    mInitBootPropsFuture.callOnce([this] {
+        return std::async(std::launch::async, &SurfaceFlinger::initBootProperties, this);
+    });
+
+    mInitBootPropsFuture.wait();
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::run() {
@@ -722,13 +725,10 @@
     }
     mBootFinished = true;
     FlagManager::getMutableInstance().markBootCompleted();
-    if (mStartPropertySetThread->join() != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("Join StartPropertySetThread failed!");
-    }
 
-    if (mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture.valid()) {
-        mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture.get();
-    }
+    mInitBootPropsFuture.wait();
+    mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture.wait();
+
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
     const nsecs_t duration = now - mBootTime;
     ALOGI("Boot is finished (%ld ms)", long(ns2ms(duration)) );
@@ -816,8 +816,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-// Do not call property_set on main thread which will be blocked by init
-// Use StartPropertySetThread instead.
 void SurfaceFlinger::init() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGI(  "SurfaceFlinger's main thread ready to run. "
@@ -854,6 +852,9 @@
     mCompositionEngine->getHwComposer().setCallback(*this);
     ClientCache::getInstance().setRenderEngine(&getRenderEngine());
 
+    mHasReliablePresentFences =
+            !getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE);
+
     enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
 
     if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_hwc_vds"s, false)) {
@@ -916,29 +917,40 @@
             ALOGW("Can't set SCHED_OTHER for primeCache");
         }
 
-        bool shouldPrimeUltraHDR =
-                base::GetBoolProperty("ro.surface_flinger.prime_shader_cache.ultrahdr"s, false);
-        mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture = getRenderEngine().primeCache(shouldPrimeUltraHDR);
+        mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture.callOnce([this] {
+            const bool shouldPrimeUltraHDR =
+                    base::GetBoolProperty("ro.surface_flinger.prime_shader_cache.ultrahdr"s, false);
+            return getRenderEngine().primeCache(shouldPrimeUltraHDR);
+        });
 
         if (setSchedFifo(true) != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGW("Can't set SCHED_FIFO after primeCache");
         }
     }
 
-    // Inform native graphics APIs whether the present timestamp is supported:
-
-    const bool presentFenceReliable =
-            !getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE);
-    mStartPropertySetThread = getFactory().createStartPropertySetThread(presentFenceReliable);
-
-    if (mStartPropertySetThread->Start() != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("Run StartPropertySetThread failed!");
-    }
+    // Avoid blocking the main thread on `init` to set properties.
+    mInitBootPropsFuture.callOnce([this] {
+        return std::async(std::launch::async, &SurfaceFlinger::initBootProperties, this);
+    });
 
     initTransactionTraceWriter();
     ALOGV("Done initializing");
 }
 
+// During boot, offload `initBootProperties` to another thread. `property_set` depends on
+// `property_service`, which may be delayed by slow operations like `mount_all --late` in
+// the `init` process. See b/34499826 and b/63844978.
+void SurfaceFlinger::initBootProperties() {
+    property_set("service.sf.present_timestamp", mHasReliablePresentFences ? "1" : "0");
+
+    if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.boot_animation"s, true)) {
+        // Reset and (if needed) start BootAnimation.
+        property_set("service.bootanim.exit", "0");
+        property_set("service.bootanim.progress", "0");
+        property_set("ctl.start", "bootanim");
+    }
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::initTransactionTraceWriter() {
     if (!mTransactionTracing) {
         return;
@@ -978,18 +990,6 @@
             static_cast<ui::ColorMode>(base::GetIntProperty("persist.sys.sf.color_mode"s, 0));
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::startBootAnim() {
-    // Start boot animation service by setting a property mailbox
-    // if property setting thread is already running, Start() will be just a NOP
-    mStartPropertySetThread->Start();
-    // Wait until property was set
-    if (mStartPropertySetThread->join() != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("Join StartPropertySetThread failed!");
-    }
-}
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getSupportedFrameTimestamps(
         std::vector<FrameEvent>* outSupported) const {
     *outSupported = {
@@ -1003,9 +1003,7 @@
         FrameEvent::RELEASE,
     };
 
-    ConditionalLock lock(mStateLock, std::this_thread::get_id() != mMainThreadId);
-
-    if (!getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE)) {
+    if (mHasReliablePresentFences) {
         outSupported->push_back(FrameEvent::DISPLAY_PRESENT);
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -1240,8 +1238,8 @@
     switch (display->setDesiredMode(std::move(desiredMode))) {
         case DisplayDevice::DesiredModeAction::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch:
             // DisplayDevice::setDesiredMode updated the render rate, so inform Scheduler.
-            mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId,
-                                      display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().fps);
+            mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId, display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().fps,
+                                      /*applyImmediately*/ true);
 
             // Schedule a new frame to initiate the display mode switch.
             scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
@@ -1262,7 +1260,7 @@
             mScheduler->setModeChangePending(true);
             break;
         case DisplayDevice::DesiredModeAction::InitiateRenderRateSwitch:
-            mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId, mode.fps);
+            mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId, mode.fps, /*applyImmediately*/ false);
 
             if (displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
                 mScheduler->updatePhaseConfiguration(mode.fps);
@@ -1383,7 +1381,7 @@
 
     constexpr bool kAllowToEnable = true;
     mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(displayId, kAllowToEnable, std::move(activeModePtr).take());
-    mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId, renderFps);
+    mScheduler->setRenderRate(displayId, renderFps, /*applyImmediately*/ true);
 
     if (displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
         mScheduler->updatePhaseConfiguration(renderFps);
@@ -2731,7 +2729,8 @@
     refreshArgs.forceOutputColorMode = mForceColorMode;
 
     refreshArgs.updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame = mVisibleRegionsDirty;
-    refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame = mGeometryDirty.exchange(false) || mVisibleRegionsDirty;
+    refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame = mGeometryDirty.exchange(false) ||
+            mVisibleRegionsDirty || mDrawingState.colorMatrixChanged;
     refreshArgs.internalDisplayRotationFlags = getActiveDisplayRotationFlags();
 
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(mDrawingState.colorMatrixChanged)) {
@@ -2784,12 +2783,16 @@
         }
     }
 
+    refreshArgs.refreshStartTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    for (auto [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
+        layer->onPreComposition(refreshArgs.refreshStartTime);
+    }
+
     mCompositionEngine->present(refreshArgs);
     moveSnapshotsFromCompositionArgs(refreshArgs, layers);
 
     for (auto [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
         CompositionResult compositionResult{layerFE->stealCompositionResult()};
-        layer->onPreComposition(compositionResult.refreshStartTime);
         for (auto& [releaseFence, layerStack] : compositionResult.releaseFences) {
             Layer* clonedFrom = layer->getClonedFrom().get();
             auto owningLayer = clonedFrom ? clonedFrom : layer;
@@ -3031,10 +3034,9 @@
     // but that should be okay since CompositorTiming has snapping logic.
     const TimePoint compositeTime =
             TimePoint::fromNs(mCompositionEngine->getLastFrameRefreshTimestamp());
-    const Duration presentLatency =
-            getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE)
-            ? Duration::zero()
-            : mPresentLatencyTracker.trackPendingFrame(compositeTime, pacesetterPresentFenceTime);
+    const Duration presentLatency = mHasReliablePresentFences
+            ? mPresentLatencyTracker.trackPendingFrame(compositeTime, pacesetterPresentFenceTime)
+            : Duration::zero();
 
     const auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule();
     const TimePoint vsyncDeadline = schedule->vsyncDeadlineAfter(presentTime);
@@ -4357,7 +4359,7 @@
         features |= Feature::kTracePredictedVsync;
     }
     if (!base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.vsync_reactor_ignore_present_fences"s, false) &&
-        !getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE)) {
+        mHasReliablePresentFences) {
         features |= Feature::kPresentFences;
     }
     if (display->refreshRateSelector().kernelIdleTimerController()) {
@@ -4378,7 +4380,8 @@
     // The pacesetter must be registered before EventThread creation below.
     mScheduler->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
     if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
-        mScheduler->setRenderRate(display->getPhysicalId(), activeMode.fps);
+        mScheduler->setRenderRate(display->getPhysicalId(), activeMode.fps,
+                                  /*applyImmediately*/ true);
     }
 
     const auto configs = mScheduler->getVsyncConfiguration().getCurrentConfigs();
@@ -4702,7 +4705,14 @@
         return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
 
-    if (!mScheduler->isVsyncValid(expectedPresentTime, transaction.originUid)) {
+    const auto vsyncId = VsyncId{transaction.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId};
+
+    // Transactions with VsyncId are already throttled by the vsyncId (i.e. Choreographer issued
+    // the vsyncId according to the frame rate override cadence) so we shouldn't throttle again
+    // when applying the transaction. Otherwise we might throttle older transactions
+    // incorrectly as the frame rate of SF changed before it drained the older transactions.
+    if (ftl::to_underlying(vsyncId) == FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID &&
+        !mScheduler->isVsyncValid(expectedPresentTime, transaction.originUid)) {
         ATRACE_FORMAT("!isVsyncValid expectedPresentTime: %" PRId64 " uid: %d", expectedPresentTime,
                       transaction.originUid);
         return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
@@ -4710,8 +4720,7 @@
 
     // If the client didn't specify desiredPresentTime, use the vsyncId to determine the
     // expected present time of this transaction.
-    if (transaction.isAutoTimestamp &&
-        frameIsEarly(expectedPresentTime, VsyncId{transaction.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId})) {
+    if (transaction.isAutoTimestamp && frameIsEarly(expectedPresentTime, vsyncId)) {
         ATRACE_FORMAT("frameIsEarly vsyncId: %" PRId64 " expectedPresentTime: %" PRId64,
                       transaction.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId, expectedPresentTime);
         return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
@@ -8063,6 +8072,19 @@
                         args.allowProtected, args.grayscale, captureListener);
 }
 
+bool SurfaceFlinger::layersHasProtectedLayer(
+        const std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) const {
+    bool protectedLayerFound = false;
+    for (auto& [_, layerFe] : layers) {
+        protectedLayerFound |=
+                (layerFe->mSnapshot->isVisible && layerFe->mSnapshot->hasProtectedContent);
+        if (protectedLayerFound) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return protectedLayerFound;
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture,
                                          GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshots,
                                          ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat,
@@ -8085,18 +8107,9 @@
     const bool supportsProtected = getRenderEngine().supportsProtectedContent();
     bool hasProtectedLayer = false;
     if (allowProtected && supportsProtected) {
-        hasProtectedLayer = mScheduler
-                                    ->schedule([=]() {
-                                        bool protectedLayerFound = false;
-                                        auto layers = getLayerSnapshots();
-                                        for (auto& [_, layerFe] : layers) {
-                                            protectedLayerFound |=
-                                                    (layerFe->mSnapshot->isVisible &&
-                                                     layerFe->mSnapshot->hasProtectedContent);
-                                        }
-                                        return protectedLayerFound;
-                                    })
-                                    .get();
+        // Snapshots must be taken from the main thread.
+        auto layers = mScheduler->schedule([=]() { return getLayerSnapshots(); }).get();
+        hasProtectedLayer = layersHasProtectedLayer(layers);
     }
     const bool isProtected = hasProtectedLayer && allowProtected && supportsProtected;
     const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
@@ -8121,52 +8134,53 @@
             renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture>(buffer, getRenderEngine(),
                                                  renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::
                                                          WRITEABLE);
-    auto fence = captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), getLayerSnapshots, texture,
-                                     false /* regionSampling */, grayscale, isProtected,
-                                     captureListener);
-    fence.get();
+    auto futureFence =
+            captureScreenshot(std::move(renderAreaFuture), getLayerSnapshots, texture,
+                              false /* regionSampling */, grayscale, isProtected, captureListener);
+    futureFence.get();
 }
 
-ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
+ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenshot(
         RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshots,
         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
         bool grayscale, bool isProtected, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    auto future = mScheduler->schedule(
-            [=, this, renderAreaFuture = std::move(renderAreaFuture)]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(
-                    kMainThreadContext) mutable -> ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> {
-                ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
-                std::shared_ptr<RenderArea> renderArea = renderAreaFuture.get();
-                if (!renderArea) {
-                    ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
-                    if (captureListener) {
-                        captureResults.fenceResult = base::unexpected(NO_MEMORY);
+    auto takeScreenshotFn = [=, this, renderAreaFuture = std::move(renderAreaFuture)]() REQUIRES(
+                                    kMainThreadContext) mutable -> ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> {
+        ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
+        std::shared_ptr<RenderArea> renderArea = renderAreaFuture.get();
+        if (!renderArea) {
+            ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
+            if (captureListener) {
+                captureResults.fenceResult = base::unexpected(NO_MEMORY);
+                captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
+            }
+            return ftl::yield<FenceResult>(base::unexpected(NO_ERROR)).share();
+        }
+
+        ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> renderFuture;
+        renderArea->render([&]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
+            renderFuture = renderScreenImpl(renderArea, getLayerSnapshots, buffer, regionSampling,
+                                            grayscale, isProtected, captureResults);
+        });
+
+        if (captureListener) {
+            // Defer blocking on renderFuture back to the Binder thread.
+            return ftl::Future(std::move(renderFuture))
+                    .then([captureListener, captureResults = std::move(captureResults)](
+                                  FenceResult fenceResult) mutable -> FenceResult {
+                        captureResults.fenceResult = std::move(fenceResult);
                         captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-                    }
-                    return ftl::yield<FenceResult>(base::unexpected(NO_ERROR)).share();
-                }
+                        return base::unexpected(NO_ERROR);
+                    })
+                    .share();
+        }
+        return renderFuture;
+    };
 
-                ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> renderFuture;
-                renderArea->render([&]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
-                    renderFuture =
-                            renderScreenImpl(renderArea, getLayerSnapshots, buffer, regionSampling,
-                                             grayscale, isProtected, captureResults);
-                });
-
-                if (captureListener) {
-                    // Defer blocking on renderFuture back to the Binder thread.
-                    return ftl::Future(std::move(renderFuture))
-                            .then([captureListener, captureResults = std::move(captureResults)](
-                                          FenceResult fenceResult) mutable -> FenceResult {
-                                captureResults.fenceResult = std::move(fenceResult);
-                                captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-                                return base::unexpected(NO_ERROR);
-                            })
-                            .share();
-                }
-                return renderFuture;
-            });
+    auto future =
+            mScheduler->schedule(FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, std::move(takeScreenshotFn)));
 
     // Flatten nested futures.
     auto chain = ftl::Future(std::move(future)).then([](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> future) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 678be54..0cc8fbb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
 #include "Tracing/TransactionTracing.h"
 #include "TransactionCallbackInvoker.h"
 #include "TransactionState.h"
+#include "Utils/OnceFuture.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -550,7 +551,7 @@
             bool hasListenerCallbacks, const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
             uint64_t transactionId, const std::vector<uint64_t>& mergedTransactionIds) override;
     void bootFinished();
-    virtual status_t getSupportedFrameTimestamps(std::vector<FrameEvent>* outSupported) const;
+    status_t getSupportedFrameTimestamps(std::vector<FrameEvent>* outSupported) const;
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection(
             gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource vsyncSource =
                     gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource::eVsyncSourceApp,
@@ -871,16 +872,17 @@
     // Traverse through all the layers and compute and cache its bounds.
     void computeLayerBounds();
 
-    // Boot animation, on/off animations and screen capture
-    void startBootAnim();
+    bool layersHasProtectedLayer(const std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) const;
 
     void captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction, ui::Size bufferSize,
                              ui::PixelFormat, bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
                              const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> captureScreenCommon(
+
+    ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> captureScreenshot(
             RenderAreaFuture, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction,
             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool regionSampling,
             bool grayscale, bool isProtected, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+
     ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> renderScreenImpl(
             std::shared_ptr<const RenderArea>, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction,
             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool regionSampling,
@@ -1180,11 +1182,17 @@
     ui::Rotation getPhysicalDisplayOrientation(DisplayId, bool isPrimary) const
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void traverseLegacyLayers(const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) const;
+
+    void initBootProperties();
     void initTransactionTraceWriter();
-    sp<StartPropertySetThread> mStartPropertySetThread;
+
     surfaceflinger::Factory& mFactory;
     pid_t mPid;
-    std::future<void> mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture;
+
+    // TODO: b/328459745 - Encapsulate in a SystemProperties object.
+    utils::OnceFuture mInitBootPropsFuture;
+
+    utils::OnceFuture mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture;
 
     // mStateLock has conventions related to the current thread, because only
     // the main thread should modify variables protected by mStateLock.
@@ -1220,6 +1228,7 @@
     // constant members (no synchronization needed for access)
     const nsecs_t mBootTime = systemTime();
     bool mIsUserBuild = true;
+    bool mHasReliablePresentFences = false;
 
     // Can only accessed from the main thread, these members
     // don't need synchronization
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
index 7e6894d..50b167d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include "FrameTracer/FrameTracer.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "NativeWindowSurface.h"
-#include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
 
@@ -53,11 +52,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-sp<StartPropertySetThread> DefaultFactory::createStartPropertySetThread(
-        bool timestampPropertyValue) {
-    return sp<StartPropertySetThread>::make(timestampPropertyValue);
-}
-
 sp<DisplayDevice> DefaultFactory::createDisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs& creationArgs) {
     return sp<DisplayDevice>::make(creationArgs);
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
index 2c6de0e..540dec8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
     std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) override;
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) override;
-    sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(bool timestampPropertyValue) override;
     sp<DisplayDevice> createDisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs&) override;
     sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                           uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
index f310c4a..f1fbf01 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
 class Layer;
 class LayerFE;
-class StartPropertySetThread;
 class SurfaceFlinger;
 class TimeStats;
 
@@ -71,8 +70,6 @@
     virtual std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) = 0;
 
-    virtual sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(
-            bool timestampPropertyValue) = 0;
     virtual sp<DisplayDevice> createDisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs&) = 0;
     virtual sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                                   PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/OnceFuture.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/OnceFuture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..412038c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/OnceFuture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <future>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+
+namespace android::utils {
+
+// Allows a thread to `wait` for a future produced by a different thread. The future is returned by
+// the first call to a function `F` that multiple threads may `callOnce`. If no `callOnce` happens,
+// then `wait` does nothing. Otherwise, it blocks on the future, then destroys it, which resets the
+// `OnceFuture`.
+class OnceFuture {
+public:
+    template <typename F>
+    void callOnce(F f) {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+        if (!mFuture.valid()) {
+            mFuture = f();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void wait() {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+        if (mFuture.valid()) {
+            mFuture.wait();
+            mFuture = {};
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::future<void> mFuture GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+};
+
+} // namespace android::utils
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/common/Android.bp
index f2ff00b..4a89dd0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/Android.bp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libsurfaceflingerflags",
+        "android.os.flags-aconfig-cc",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -45,5 +46,30 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libsurfaceflingerflags_test",
+        "android.os.flags-aconfig-cc-test",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libsurfaceflinger_common_deps",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "server_configurable_flags",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common",
+        "libsurfaceflingerflags",
+        "android.os.flags-aconfig-cc",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libsurfaceflinger_common_test_deps",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "server_configurable_flags",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test",
+        "libsurfaceflingerflags_test",
+        "android.os.flags-aconfig-cc-test",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
index b7f06a9..3c2ccbc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <server_configurable_flags/get_flags.h>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+#include <android_os.h>
 #include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@
 
     /// Trunk stable server flags ///
     DUMP_SERVER_FLAG(refresh_rate_overlay_on_external_display);
+    DUMP_SERVER_FLAG(adpf_use_fmq_channel);
 
     /// Trunk stable readonly flags ///
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(connected_display);
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@
         return getServerConfigurableFlag(serverFlagName);                                   \
     }
 
-#define FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, checkForBootCompleted)                \
+#define FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, checkForBootCompleted, owner)         \
     bool FlagManager::name() const {                                                            \
         if (checkForBootCompleted) {                                                            \
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mBootCompleted,                                                \
@@ -166,21 +168,24 @@
                                 __func__);                                                      \
         }                                                                                       \
         static const std::optional<bool> debugOverride = getBoolProperty(syspropOverride);      \
-        static const bool value = getFlagValue([] { return flags::name(); }, debugOverride);    \
+        static const bool value = getFlagValue([] { return owner ::name(); }, debugOverride);   \
         if (mUnitTestMode) {                                                                    \
             /*                                                                                  \
              * When testing, we don't want to rely on the cached `value` or the debugOverride.  \
              */                                                                                 \
-            return flags::name();                                                               \
+            return owner ::name();                                                              \
         }                                                                                       \
         return value;                                                                           \
     }
 
 #define FLAG_MANAGER_SERVER_FLAG(name, syspropOverride) \
-    FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, true)
+    FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, true, flags)
 
 #define FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(name, syspropOverride) \
-    FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, false)
+    FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, false, flags)
+
+#define FLAG_MANAGER_SERVER_FLAG_IMPORTED(name, syspropOverride, owner) \
+    FLAG_MANAGER_FLAG_INTERNAL(name, syspropOverride, true, owner)
 
 /// Legacy server flags ///
 FLAG_MANAGER_LEGACY_SERVER_FLAG(test_flag, "", "")
@@ -205,7 +210,7 @@
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(display_protected, "")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(fp16_client_target, "debug.sf.fp16_client_target")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(game_default_frame_rate, "")
-FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(enable_layer_command_batching, "")
+FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(enable_layer_command_batching, "debug.sf.enable_layer_command_batching")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(screenshot_fence_preservation, "debug.sf.screenshot_fence_preservation")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vulkan_renderengine, "debug.renderengine.vulkan")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(renderable_buffer_usage, "")
@@ -216,4 +221,7 @@
 /// Trunk stable server flags ///
 FLAG_MANAGER_SERVER_FLAG(refresh_rate_overlay_on_external_display, "")
 
+/// Trunk stable server flags from outside SurfaceFlinger ///
+FLAG_MANAGER_SERVER_FLAG_IMPORTED(adpf_use_fmq_channel, "", android::os)
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
index 241c814..763963e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 
     /// Trunk stable server flags ///
     bool refresh_rate_overlay_on_external_display() const;
+    bool adpf_use_fmq_channel() const;
 
     /// Trunk stable readonly flags ///
     bool connected_display() const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/test/FlagUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/test/FlagUtils.h
index 550c70d..d61fcb5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/test/FlagUtils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/test/FlagUtils.h
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
 
 #include <common/FlagManager.h>
 
-#define SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(name, value) TestFlagSetter _testflag_((name), (name), (value))
+#define SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(name, value) \
+    TestFlagSetter _testflag_ {        \
+        (name), (name), (value)        \
+    }
 
 namespace android {
 class TestFlagSetter {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
index dab0a3f..925fe0b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     defaults: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.common-ndk_shared",
         "surfaceflinger_defaults",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test_deps",
     ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     srcs: [
@@ -66,7 +67,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "liblayers_proto",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index f529f7c..0c13db3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp",
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.cpp",
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPower.cpp",
-        "mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp",
+        "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp",
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.cpp",
         "mock/MockEventThread.cpp",
         "mock/MockFrameTimeline.cpp",
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
         "android.hardware.power-ndk_static",
         "librenderengine_deps",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test_deps",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
@@ -173,13 +174,11 @@
         "librenderengine_mocks",
         "libscheduler",
         "libserviceutils",
-        "libsurfaceflinger_common_test",
         "libtimestats",
         "libtimestats_atoms_proto",
         "libtimestats_proto",
         "libtonemap",
         "perfetto_trace_protos",
-        "libsurfaceflingerflags_test",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.configstore-utils",
@@ -208,7 +207,6 @@
         "libsync",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
-        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
index aecfcba..867ff55 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
@@ -560,4 +560,36 @@
               ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes>().string());
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, layerSecureChangesSetsVisibilityChangeFlag) {
+    // add a default buffer and make the layer secure
+    setFlags(1, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure);
+    setBuffer(1,
+              std::make_shared<renderengine::mock::
+                                       FakeExternalTexture>(1U /*width*/, 1U /*height*/,
+                                                            1ULL /* bufferId */,
+                                                            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                                                            GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_NEVER /*usage*/));
+
+    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+
+    // set new buffer but layer secure doesn't change
+    setBuffer(1,
+              std::make_shared<renderengine::mock::
+                                       FakeExternalTexture>(1U /*width*/, 1U /*height*/,
+                                                            2ULL /* bufferId */,
+                                                            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                                                            GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_NEVER /*usage*/));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().get(),
+              ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes>(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Buffer |
+                                                       RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content)
+                      .get());
+    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+
+    // change layer flags and confirm visibility flag is set
+    setFlags(1, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure, 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+            mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility));
+    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+}
+
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PowerAdvisorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PowerAdvisorTest.cpp
index 9c66a97..d9343c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PowerAdvisorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/PowerAdvisorTest.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "PowerAdvisorTest"
 
 #include <DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h>
+#include <android_os.h>
 #include <binder/Status.h>
+#include <common/test/FlagUtils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <future>
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHalController.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.h"
 
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::Hwc2::mock;
@@ -54,7 +56,8 @@
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
     std::unique_ptr<PowerAdvisor> mPowerAdvisor;
     MockPowerHalController* mMockPowerHalController;
-    std::shared_ptr<MockIPowerHintSession> mMockPowerHintSession;
+    std::shared_ptr<MockPowerHintSessionWrapper> mMockPowerHintSession;
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(android::os::adpf_use_fmq_channel, true);
 };
 
 bool PowerAdvisorTest::sessionExists() {
@@ -68,25 +71,30 @@
     mMockPowerHalController =
             reinterpret_cast<MockPowerHalController*>(mPowerAdvisor->mPowerHal.get());
     ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, getHintSessionPreferredRate)
-            .WillByDefault(Return(HalResult<int64_t>::fromStatus(binder::Status::ok(), 16000)));
+            .WillByDefault(Return(
+                    ByMove(HalResult<int64_t>::fromStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok(), 16000))));
 }
 
 void PowerAdvisorTest::startPowerHintSession(bool returnValidSession) {
-    mMockPowerHintSession = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<NiceMock<MockIPowerHintSession>>();
+    mMockPowerHintSession = std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockPowerHintSessionWrapper>>();
     if (returnValidSession) {
-        ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSession)
-                .WillByDefault(
-                        Return(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<IPowerHintSession>>::
-                                       fromStatus(binder::Status::ok(), mMockPowerHintSession)));
+        ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSessionWithConfig)
+                .WillByDefault(DoAll(SetArgPointee<5>(aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig{
+                                             .id = 12}),
+                                     Return(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::
+                                                    fromStatus(binder::Status::ok(),
+                                                               mMockPowerHintSession))));
     } else {
-        ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSession)
-                .WillByDefault(Return(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<IPowerHintSession>>::
-                                              fromStatus(binder::Status::ok(), nullptr)));
+        ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSessionWithConfig).WillByDefault([] {
+            return HalResult<
+                    std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::fromStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok(),
+                                                                          nullptr);
+        });
     }
     mPowerAdvisor->enablePowerHintSession(true);
     mPowerAdvisor->startPowerHintSession({1, 2, 3});
     ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHintSession, updateTargetWorkDuration)
-            .WillByDefault(Return(testing::ByMove(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok())));
+            .WillByDefault(Return(testing::ByMove(HalResult<void>::ok())));
 }
 
 void PowerAdvisorTest::setExpectedTiming(Duration totalFrameTargetDuration,
@@ -148,7 +156,7 @@
                 reportActualWorkDuration(ElementsAre(
                         Field(&WorkDuration::durationNanos, Eq(expectedDuration.ns())))))
             .Times(1)
-            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok())));
+            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(HalResult<void>::ok())));
     fakeBasicFrameTiming(startTime, vsyncPeriod);
     setExpectedTiming(vsyncPeriod, startTime + vsyncPeriod);
     mPowerAdvisor->setDisplays(displayIds);
@@ -188,7 +196,7 @@
                 reportActualWorkDuration(ElementsAre(
                         Field(&WorkDuration::durationNanos, Eq(expectedDuration.ns())))))
             .Times(1)
-            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok())));
+            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(HalResult<void>::ok())));
 
     fakeBasicFrameTiming(startTime, vsyncPeriod);
     setExpectedTiming(vsyncPeriod, startTime + vsyncPeriod);
@@ -231,7 +239,7 @@
                 reportActualWorkDuration(ElementsAre(
                         Field(&WorkDuration::durationNanos, Eq(expectedDuration.ns())))))
             .Times(1)
-            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok())));
+            .WillOnce(Return(testing::ByMove(HalResult<void>::ok())));
 
     fakeBasicFrameTiming(startTime, vsyncPeriod);
     setExpectedTiming(vsyncPeriod, startTime + vsyncPeriod);
@@ -283,7 +291,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(PowerAdvisorTest, hintSessionOnlyCreatedOnce) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSession(_, _, _, _)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSessionWithConfig(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(1);
     mPowerAdvisor->onBootFinished();
     startPowerHintSession();
     mPowerAdvisor->startPowerHintSession({1, 2, 3});
@@ -328,17 +336,17 @@
 
     ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHintSession, sendHint).WillByDefault([&letSendHintFinish] {
         letSendHintFinish.get_future().wait();
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(-127);
+        return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(-127));
     });
 
     ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHintSession, reportActualWorkDuration).WillByDefault([] {
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(-127);
+        return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(-127));
     });
 
-    ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSession)
-            .WillByDefault(Return(
-                    HalResult<std::shared_ptr<IPowerHintSession>>::
-                            fromStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(-127), nullptr)));
+    ON_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSessionWithConfig).WillByDefault([] {
+        return HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::
+                fromStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(-127), nullptr);
+    });
 
     // First background call, to notice the session is down
     auto firstHint = std::async(std::launch::async, [this] {
@@ -370,5 +378,17 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(sessionExists(), false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(PowerAdvisorTest, legacyHintSessionCreationStillWorks) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(android::os::adpf_use_fmq_channel, false);
+    mPowerAdvisor->onBootFinished();
+    mMockPowerHintSession = std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockPowerHintSessionWrapper>>();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockPowerHalController, createHintSession)
+            .Times(1)
+            .WillOnce(Return(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<PowerHintSessionWrapper>>::
+                                     fromStatus(binder::Status::ok(), mMockPowerHintSession)));
+    mPowerAdvisor->enablePowerHintSession(true);
+    mPowerAdvisor->startPowerHintSession({1, 2, 3});
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::Hwc2::impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index 0a6e305..a155f5d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -259,6 +259,50 @@
         config.enableFrameRateOverride = GetParam();
         return TestableRefreshRateSelector(modes, activeModeId, config);
     }
+
+    template <class T>
+    void testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(const std::initializer_list<T>& testCases,
+                                                 const TestableRefreshRateSelector& selector) {
+        std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers;
+        for (auto testCase : testCases) {
+            ALOGI("**** %s: Testing desiredFrameRate=%s, frameRateCategory=%s", __func__,
+                  to_string(testCase.desiredFrameRate).c_str(),
+                  ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory).c_str());
+
+            if (testCase.desiredFrameRate.isValid()) {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << to_string(testCase.desiredFrameRate)
+                   << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory) << "ExplicitDefault";
+                LayerRequirement layer = {.name = ss.str(),
+                                          .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault,
+                                          .desiredRefreshRate = testCase.desiredFrameRate,
+                                          .weight = 1.f};
+                layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+
+            if (testCase.frameRateCategory != FrameRateCategory::Default) {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "ExplicitCategory (" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory) << ")";
+                LayerRequirement layer = {.name = ss.str(),
+                                          .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory,
+                                          .frameRateCategory = testCase.frameRateCategory,
+                                          .weight = 1.f};
+                layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers).modePtr->getPeakFps())
+                    << "Did not get expected frame rate for frameRate="
+                    << to_string(testCase.desiredFrameRate)
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedModeId,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers).modePtr->getId())
+                    << "Did not get expected DisplayModeId for modeId="
+                    << ftl::to_underlying(testCase.expectedModeId)
+                    << " frameRate=" << to_string(testCase.desiredFrameRate)
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 RefreshRateSelectorTest::RefreshRateSelectorTest() {
@@ -1496,7 +1540,7 @@
             {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
             {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 60_Hz},
             {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Low, 30_Hz},
-            {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 30_Hz},
+            {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 60_Hz},
 
             // Cases that have both desired frame rate and frame rate category requirements.
             {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz},
@@ -1542,6 +1586,98 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategoryMultiLayers_30_60_90_120) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode30, kMode60, kMode90, kMode120), kModeId60);
+
+    struct Case {
+        // Params
+        Fps desiredFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        FrameRateCategory frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Default;
+
+        // Expected result
+        Fps expectedFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        DisplayModeId expectedModeId = kModeId90;
+    };
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
+            std::initializer_list<Case>{
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 90_Hz},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 90_Hz},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 90_Hz},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 90_Hz},
+            },
+            selector);
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
+            std::initializer_list<Case>{
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 60_Hz, kModeId60},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
+                    {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 90_Hz},
+            },
+            selector);
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
+            std::initializer_list<Case>{
+                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 90_Hz},
+                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {12_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+
+            },
+            selector);
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
+            std::initializer_list<Case>{
+                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+                    {120_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
+            },
+            selector);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategoryMultiLayers_60_120) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode120), kModeId60);
+
+    struct Case {
+        // Params
+        Fps desiredFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        FrameRateCategory frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Default;
+
+        // Expected result
+        Fps expectedFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        DisplayModeId expectedModeId = kModeId120;
+    };
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(std::initializer_list<
+                                                    Case>{{0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz},
+                                                          {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                                                           120_Hz},
+                                                          {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 120_Hz},
+                                                          {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal, 120_Hz},
+                                                          {0_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                                                           120_Hz}},
+                                            selector);
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(std::initializer_list<
+                                                    Case>{{24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz},
+                                                          {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::High, 120_Hz},
+                                                          {12_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Normal,
+                                                           120_Hz},
+                                                          {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                                                           120_Hz}},
+                                            selector);
+
+    testFrameRateCategoryWithMultipleLayers(
+            std::initializer_list<Case>{
+                    {24_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz},
+                    {30_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz},
+                    {120_Hz, FrameRateCategory::Default, 120_Hz},
+            },
+            selector);
+}
+
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_60_120) {
     auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode120), kModeId60);
 
@@ -1665,6 +1801,7 @@
     lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
     lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+    lr2.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Default;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers);
@@ -1691,6 +1828,269 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(kModeId30, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
         EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
     }
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers);
+    // Gets touch boost
+    EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
+    lr2.name = "Min";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers);
+    // Gets touch boost
+    EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
+    lr2.name = "Max";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers);
+    // Gets touch boost
+    EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_TouchBoost) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode24, kMode30, kMode60, kMode120), kModeId60);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
+    auto& lr1 = layers[0];
+    auto& lr2 = layers[1];
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
+    lr2.name = "NoVote";
+    auto actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    // No touch boost, for example a game that uses setFrameRate(30, default compatibility).
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr2.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
+    lr2.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr2.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Low;
+    lr2.name = "ExplicitCategory Low";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+    lr2.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Default;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitExact";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    if (selector.supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent()) {
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz,
+                               actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode30, 30_Hz,
+                               actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+    }
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
+    lr2.name = "Min";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
+    lr2.name = "Max";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitGte;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitGte";
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz, actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_idleTimer_60_120_nonVrr) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, false);
+    using KernelIdleTimerAction = RefreshRateSelector::KernelIdleTimerAction;
+    struct LayerArg {
+        // Params
+        FrameRateCategory frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Default;
+        LayerVoteType voteType = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+
+        // Expected result
+        Fps expectedFrameRate = 0_Hz;
+        DisplayModeId expectedModeId = kModeId60;
+    };
+
+    const auto runTest = [&](const TestableRefreshRateSelector& selector,
+                             const std::initializer_list<LayerArg>& layerArgs,
+                             const RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals& signals) {
+        std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers;
+        for (auto testCase : layerArgs) {
+            ALOGI("**** %s: Testing frameRateCategory=%s", __func__,
+                  ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory).c_str());
+
+            if (testCase.frameRateCategory != FrameRateCategory::Default) {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "ExplicitCategory (" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory) << ")";
+                LayerRequirement layer = {.name = ss.str(),
+                                          .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory,
+                                          .frameRateCategory = testCase.frameRateCategory,
+                                          .weight = 1.f};
+                layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+
+            if (testCase.voteType != LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault) {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << ftl::enum_string(testCase.voteType);
+                LayerRequirement layer = {.name = ss.str(),
+                                          .vote = testCase.voteType,
+                                          .weight = 1.f};
+                layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedFrameRate,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, signals).modePtr->getPeakFps())
+                    << "Did not get expected frame rate for"
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+            EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedModeId,
+                      selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, signals).modePtr->getId())
+                    << "Did not get expected DisplayModeId for modeId="
+                    << ftl::to_underlying(testCase.expectedModeId)
+                    << " category=" << ftl::enum_string(testCase.frameRateCategory);
+        }
+    };
+
+    {
+        // IdleTimer not configured
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode120), kModeId120);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0ms, selector.getIdleTimerTimeout());
+
+        runTest(selector,
+                std::initializer_list<LayerArg>{
+                        // Rate does not change due to NoPreference.
+                        {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                         .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                         .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                        {.voteType = LayerVoteType::NoVote,
+                         .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                         .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                        {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                         .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                         .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                },
+                {.idle = false});
+    }
+
+    // IdleTimer configured
+    constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds kIdleTimerTimeoutMs = 10ms;
+    auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode60, kMode120), kModeId120,
+                                   Config{
+                                           .idleTimerTimeout = kIdleTimerTimeoutMs,
+                                   });
+    ASSERT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
+    ASSERT_EQ(kIdleTimerTimeoutMs, selector.getIdleTimerTimeout());
+    runTest(selector,
+            std::initializer_list<LayerArg>{
+                    // Rate won't change immediately and will stay 120 due to NoPreference, as
+                    // idle timer did not timeout yet.
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                    {.voteType = LayerVoteType::NoVote,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 120_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId120},
+            },
+            {.idle = false});
+
+    // Idle timer is triggered using GlobalSignals.
+    ASSERT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
+    ASSERT_EQ(kIdleTimerTimeoutMs, selector.getIdleTimerTimeout());
+    runTest(selector,
+            std::initializer_list<LayerArg>{
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId60},
+                    {.voteType = LayerVoteType::NoVote,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId60},
+                    {.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::NoPreference,
+                     .expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz,
+                     .expectedModeId = kModeId60},
+            },
+            {.idle = true});
 }
 
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
@@ -1716,8 +2116,7 @@
     const std::initializer_list<Case> testCases = {
             // These layers may switch modes because smoothSwitchOnly=false.
             {FrameRateCategory::Default, false, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
-            // TODO(b/266481656): Once this bug is fixed, NoPreference should be a lower frame rate.
-            {FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, false, 60_Hz, kModeId60},
+            {FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, false, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
             {FrameRateCategory::Low, false, 30_Hz, kModeId60},
             {FrameRateCategory::Normal, false, 60_Hz, kModeId60},
             {FrameRateCategory::High, false, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
@@ -1725,8 +2124,8 @@
             // These layers cannot change mode due to smoothSwitchOnly, and will definitely use
             // active mode (120Hz).
             {FrameRateCategory::NoPreference, true, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
-            {FrameRateCategory::Low, true, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
-            {FrameRateCategory::Normal, true, 40_Hz, kModeId120},
+            {FrameRateCategory::Low, true, 40_Hz, kModeId120},
+            {FrameRateCategory::Normal, true, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
             {FrameRateCategory::High, true, 120_Hz, kModeId120},
     };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 10e2220..d4735c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h"
+#include "Scheduler/VSyncReactor.h"
 #include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h"
@@ -56,6 +57,11 @@
 using LayerHierarchyBuilder = surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder;
 using RequestedLayerState = surfaceflinger::frontend::RequestedLayerState;
 
+class ZeroClock : public Clock {
+public:
+    nsecs_t now() const override { return 0; }
+};
+
 class SchedulerTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     class MockEventThreadConnection : public android::EventThreadConnection {
@@ -563,7 +569,8 @@
                                  hal::VrrConfig{.minFrameIntervalNs = static_cast<int32_t>(
                                                         frameRate.getPeriodNsecs())}));
     std::shared_ptr<VSyncPredictor> vrrTracker =
-            std::make_shared<VSyncPredictor>(kMode, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
+            std::make_shared<VSyncPredictor>(std::make_unique<ZeroClock>(), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                                             kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
                                              kOutlierTolerancePercent);
     std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector> vrrSelectorPtr =
             std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(makeModes(kMode), kMode->getId());
@@ -576,8 +583,10 @@
 
     scheduler.registerDisplay(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), vrrSelectorPtr, vrrTracker);
     vrrSelectorPtr->setActiveMode(kMode->getId(), frameRate);
-    scheduler.setRenderRate(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), frameRate);
+    scheduler.setRenderRate(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), frameRate, /*applyImmediately*/ false);
     vrrTracker->addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+    // Set 1000 as vsync seq #0
+    vrrTracker->nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(700);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000),
               scheduler.getNextFrameInterval(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
@@ -587,20 +596,21 @@
                                              TimePoint::fromNs(2000)));
 
     // Not crossing the min frame period
-    EXPECT_EQ(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1500),
+    vrrTracker->onFrameBegin(TimePoint::fromNs(2000), TimePoint::fromNs(1500));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000),
               scheduler.getNextFrameInterval(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
                                              TimePoint::fromNs(2500)));
     // Change render rate
     frameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000);
     vrrSelectorPtr->setActiveMode(kMode->getId(), frameRate);
-    scheduler.setRenderRate(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), frameRate);
+    scheduler.setRenderRate(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), frameRate, /*applyImmediately*/ false);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000),
               scheduler.getNextFrameInterval(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                             TimePoint::fromNs(2000)));
+                                             TimePoint::fromNs(4500)));
     EXPECT_EQ(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000),
               scheduler.getNextFrameInterval(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                             TimePoint::fromNs(4000)));
+                                             TimePoint::fromNs(6500)));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, resyncAllToHardwareVsync) FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index bce7729..82023b0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 #include "RenderArea.h"
 #include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h"
-#include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
@@ -94,10 +93,6 @@
         return std::make_unique<scheduler::FakePhaseOffsets>();
     }
 
-    sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(bool timestampPropertyValue) override {
-        return sp<StartPropertySetThread>::make(timestampPropertyValue);
-    }
-
     sp<DisplayDevice> createDisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs& creationArgs) override {
         return sp<DisplayDevice>::make(creationArgs);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
index d891008..d701a97 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
     Period minFramePeriod() const final { return Period::fromNs(currentPeriod()); }
     void resetModel() final {}
     bool needsMoreSamples() const final { return false; }
-    bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t, Fps) const final { return false; }
+    bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t, Fps) final { return false; }
     void setDisplayModePtr(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>) final {}
-    void setRenderRate(Fps) final {}
+    void setRenderRate(Fps, bool) final {}
     void onFrameBegin(TimePoint, TimePoint) final {}
     void onFrameMissed(TimePoint) final {}
     void dump(std::string&) const final {}
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 public:
     FixedRateIdealStubTracker() : StubTracker{toNs(3ms)} {}
 
-    nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t timePoint, std::optional<nsecs_t>) const final {
+    nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t timePoint, std::optional<nsecs_t>) final {
         auto const floor = timePoint % mPeriod;
         if (floor == 0) {
             return timePoint;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 public:
     VRRStubTracker(nsecs_t period) : StubTracker(period) {}
 
-    nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t time_point, std::optional<nsecs_t>) const final {
+    nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t time_point, std::optional<nsecs_t>) final {
         std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         auto const normalized_to_base = time_point - mBase;
         auto const floor = (normalized_to_base) % mPeriod;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
index b9f3d70..aac1cac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
@@ -75,6 +75,28 @@
     return ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(0), refreshRate, kGroup, kResolution,
                                               DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID));
 }
+
+class TestClock : public Clock {
+public:
+    TestClock() = default;
+
+    nsecs_t now() const override { return mNow; }
+    void setNow(nsecs_t now) { mNow = now; }
+
+private:
+    nsecs_t mNow = 0;
+};
+
+class ClockWrapper : public Clock {
+public:
+    ClockWrapper(std::shared_ptr<Clock> const& clock) : mClock(clock) {}
+
+    nsecs_t now() const { return mClock->now(); }
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<Clock> const mClock;
+};
+
 } // namespace
 
 struct VSyncPredictorTest : testing::Test {
@@ -86,8 +108,10 @@
     static constexpr size_t kOutlierTolerancePercent = 25;
     static constexpr nsecs_t mMaxRoundingError = 100;
 
-    VSyncPredictor tracker{mMode, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                           kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+    std::shared_ptr<TestClock> mClock{std::make_shared<TestClock>()};
+
+    VSyncPredictor tracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), mMode, kHistorySize,
+                           kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
 };
 
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, reportsAnticipatedPeriod) {
@@ -408,7 +432,8 @@
 // See b/151146131
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, hasEnoughPrecision) {
     const auto mode = displayMode(mPeriod);
-    VSyncPredictor tracker{mode, 20, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+    VSyncPredictor tracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), mode, 20,
+                           kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
     std::vector<nsecs_t> const simulatedVsyncs{840873348817, 840890049444, 840906762675,
                                                840923581635, 840940161584, 840956868096,
                                                840973702473, 840990256277, 841007116851,
@@ -595,44 +620,15 @@
         tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow);
     }
 
-    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(3 * mPeriod));
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(3 * mPeriod), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(mNow + mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 100), Eq(mNow + mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 1100), Eq(mNow + 4 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 2100), Eq(mNow + 4 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 3100), Eq(mNow + 4 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 4100), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 5100), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
-}
-
-TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, setRenderRateOfDivisorIsInPhase) {
-    auto last = mNow;
-    for (auto i = 0u; i < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction; i++) {
-        EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(last + mPeriod));
-        mNow += mPeriod;
-        last = mNow;
-        tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow);
-    }
-
-    const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mPeriod);
-
-    tracker.setRenderRate(refreshRate / 4);
     EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(mNow + 3 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 3 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 7 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 11 * mPeriod));
-
-    tracker.setRenderRate(refreshRate / 2);
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(mNow + 1 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 1 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 3 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 3 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 5 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 5 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 7 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 9 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 9 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 11 * mPeriod));
-
-    tracker.setRenderRate(refreshRate / 6);
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(mNow + 1 * mPeriod));
-    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 1 * mPeriod), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 100), Eq(mNow + 3 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 1100), Eq(mNow + 3 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 2100), Eq(mNow + 3 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 3100), Eq(mNow + 6 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 4100), Eq(mNow + 6 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 5100), Eq(mNow + 6 * mPeriod));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, setRenderRateIsIgnoredIfNotDivisor) {
@@ -644,7 +640,7 @@
         tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow);
     }
 
-    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(3.5f * mPeriod));
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(3.5f * mPeriod), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
 
     EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(mNow + mPeriod));
     EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 100), Eq(mNow + mPeriod));
@@ -655,6 +651,178 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 5100), Eq(mNow + 6 * mPeriod));
 }
 
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, setRenderRateHighIsAppliedImmediately) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+
+    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
+    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
+    const auto vsyncRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(500);
+    const auto minFrameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
+    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = minFrameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayModeBuilder(DisplayModeId(0), vsyncRate, kGroup,
+                                                      kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+                                     .build());
+
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(700));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000, 1000));
+
+    // commit to a vsync in the future
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000, 4000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(8000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6000, 6000));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(12000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(10000, 10000));
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(3500), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000, 4000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(8000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6000, 6000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(8000, 8000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(12000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(10000, 10000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(15500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(12000, 12000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(19000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(15500, 15500));
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2500), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000, 4000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(8000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6000, 6000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(8000, 8000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(12000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(10000, 10000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(15500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(12000, 12000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(19000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(15500, 15500));
+    EXPECT_EQ(21500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(19000, 19000));
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000, 4000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(7000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6000, 6000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(9000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(8000, 8000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(11000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(10000, 10000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(13000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(12000, 12000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(17000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(15500, 15500));
+    EXPECT_EQ(20000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(19000, 19000));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, minFramePeriodDoesntApplyWhenSameWithRefreshRate) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+
+    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
+    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
+    const auto vsyncRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    const auto minFrameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
+    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = minFrameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayModeBuilder(DisplayModeId(0), vsyncRate, kGroup,
+                                                      kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+                                     .build());
+
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(700));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000, 1000));
+
+    // Assume that the last vsync is wrong due to a vsync drift. It shouldn't matter.
+    EXPECT_EQ(2000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000, 1700));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, setRenderRateExplicitAppliedImmediately) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+
+    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
+    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
+    const auto vsyncRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(500);
+    const auto minFrameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
+    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = minFrameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayModeBuilder(DisplayModeId(0), vsyncRate, kGroup,
+                                                      kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+                                     .build());
+
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(700));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000, 1000));
+
+    // commit to a vsync in the future
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 2000));
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000), /*applyImmediately*/ true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(7000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(9000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(7000, 7000));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, selectsClosestVsyncAfterInactivity) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+
+    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
+    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
+    const auto vsyncRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(500);
+    const auto minFrameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
+    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = minFrameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayModeBuilder(DisplayModeId(0), vsyncRate, kGroup,
+                                                      kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+                                     .build());
+
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(5000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4700));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+
+    mClock->setNow(50000);
+    EXPECT_EQ(50500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(50000, 10000));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, returnsCorrectVsyncWhenLastIsNot) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+
+    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
+    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
+    const auto vsyncRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(500);
+    const auto minFrameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
+    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = minFrameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayModeBuilder(DisplayModeId(0), vsyncRate, kGroup,
+                                                      kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+                                     .build());
+
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(2000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1234, 1234));
+}
+
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, adjustsVrrTimeline) {
     SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
 
@@ -670,10 +838,10 @@
                                      .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
                                      .build());
 
-    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{kMode, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                              kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
 
-    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(minFrameRate);
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(minFrameRate, /*applyImmediately*/ false);
     vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
     EXPECT_EQ(1000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(700));
     EXPECT_EQ(2000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000));
@@ -687,7 +855,116 @@
     vrrTracker.onFrameMissed(TimePoint::fromNs(4500));
     EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4500, 4500));
     EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+
+    vrrTracker.onFrameBegin(TimePoint::fromNs(7000), TimePoint::fromNs(6500));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(9000, 7000));
 }
+
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, adjustsVrrTimelineTwoClients) {
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+
+    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
+    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
+    const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(500);
+    const auto minFrameRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(1000);
+    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
+    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = minFrameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayModeBuilder(DisplayModeId(0), refreshRate, kGroup,
+                                                      kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                                     .setVrrConfig(std::move(vrrConfig))
+                                     .build());
+
+    VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mClock), kMode, kHistorySize,
+                              kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+
+    vrrTracker.setRenderRate(minFrameRate, /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
+
+    // App runs ahead
+    EXPECT_EQ(3000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(2700));
+    EXPECT_EQ(4000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(3000, 3000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000, 4000));
+
+    // SF starts to catch up
+    EXPECT_EQ(3000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(2700));
+    vrrTracker.onFrameBegin(TimePoint::fromNs(3000), TimePoint::fromNs(0));
+
+    // SF misses last frame (3000) and observes that when committing (4000)
+    EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(4000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(3700));
+    vrrTracker.onFrameMissed(TimePoint::fromNs(4000));
+
+    // SF wakes up again instead of the (4000) missed frame
+    EXPECT_EQ(4500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4000, 4000));
+    vrrTracker.onFrameBegin(TimePoint::fromNs(4500), TimePoint::fromNs(4500));
+
+    // Timeline shifted. The app needs to get the next frame at (7500) as its last frame (6500) will
+    // be presented at (7500)
+    EXPECT_EQ(7500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6000, 6000));
+    EXPECT_EQ(5500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4500, 4500));
+    vrrTracker.onFrameBegin(TimePoint::fromNs(5500), TimePoint::fromNs(4500));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(8500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(7500, 7500));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6500, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5500, 5500));
+    vrrTracker.onFrameBegin(TimePoint::fromNs(6500), TimePoint::fromNs(5500));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, renderRateIsPreservedForCommittedVsyncs) {
+    tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(1000);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5001), Eq(6000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6001), Eq(7000));
+
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5001), Eq(6000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6001), Eq(7000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(7001), Eq(9000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(8001), Eq(9000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(9001), Eq(11000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(10001), Eq(11000));
+
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(3000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5001), Eq(6000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6001), Eq(7000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(7001), Eq(9000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(8001), Eq(9000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(9001), Eq(11000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(10001), Eq(11000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(11001), Eq(14000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(12001), Eq(14000));
+
+    // Check the purge logic works
+    mClock->setNow(20000);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(2000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5001), Eq(8000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(6001), Eq(8000));
+}
+
+// b/329310308
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, renderRateChangeAfterAppliedImmediately) {
+    tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(1000);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1001), Eq(2000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(2001), Eq(3000));
+
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(2000), /*applyImmediately*/ true);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1001), Eq(3000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(3001), Eq(5000));
+
+    tracker.setRenderRate(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(4000), /*applyImmediately*/ false);
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1), Eq(1000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1001), Eq(3000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(3001), Eq(5000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5001), Eq(9000));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(9001), Eq(13000));
+}
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 27564b2..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "binder/Status.h"
-
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-
-using aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
-using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig;
-using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint;
-using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionMode;
-using android::binder::Status;
-
-using namespace aidl::android::hardware::power;
-
-namespace android::Hwc2::mock {
-
-class MockIPowerHintSession : public IPowerHintSession {
-public:
-    MockIPowerHintSession();
-
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::SpAIBinder, asBinder, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, pause, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, resume, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, close, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceVersion, (int32_t * version), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceHash, (std::string * hash), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isRemote, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, updateTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, reportActualWorkDuration, (const ::std::vector<WorkDuration>&),
-                (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, sendHint, (SessionHint), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, setThreads, (const ::std::vector<int32_t>&), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, setMode, (SessionMode, bool), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getSessionConfig, (SessionConfig * _aidl_return), (override));
-};
-
-} // namespace android::Hwc2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHalController.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHalController.h
index ae41e7e..af1862d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHalController.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHalController.h
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(HalResult<void>, setBoost, (aidl::android::hardware::power::Boost, int32_t),
                 (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(HalResult<void>, setMode, (aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode, bool), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>,
+    MOCK_METHOD(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<android::power::PowerHintSessionWrapper>>,
                 createHintSession, (int32_t, int32_t, const std::vector<int32_t>&, int64_t),
                 (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession>>,
+    MOCK_METHOD(HalResult<std::shared_ptr<android::power::PowerHintSessionWrapper>>,
                 createHintSessionWithConfig,
                 (int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds,
                  int64_t durationNanos, aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag tag,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp
similarity index 75%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp
rename to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp
index 770bc15..d383283 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPowerHintSession.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.h"
 
 namespace android::Hwc2::mock {
 
 // Explicit default instantiation is recommended.
-MockIPowerHintSession::MockIPowerHintSession() = default;
+MockPowerHintSessionWrapper::MockPowerHintSessionWrapper()
+      : power::PowerHintSessionWrapper(nullptr) {}
 
 } // namespace android::Hwc2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc6950c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerHintSessionWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "binder/Status.h"
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHintSessionWrapper.h>
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig;
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionHint;
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionMode;
+using android::binder::Status;
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::power;
+
+namespace android::Hwc2::mock {
+
+class MockPowerHintSessionWrapper : public power::PowerHintSessionWrapper {
+public:
+    MockPowerHintSessionWrapper();
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, updateTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, reportActualWorkDuration,
+                (const ::std::vector<WorkDuration>&), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, pause, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, resume, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, close, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, sendHint, (SessionHint), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, setThreads, (const ::std::vector<int32_t>&), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<void>, setMode, (SessionMode, bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(power::HalResult<SessionConfig>, getSessionConfig, (), (override));
+};
+
+} // namespace android::Hwc2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h
index 3870983..c311901 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@
 
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, addVsyncTimestamp, (nsecs_t), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(nsecs_t, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom, (nsecs_t, std::optional<nsecs_t>),
-                (const, override));
+                (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(nsecs_t, currentPeriod, (), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(Period, minFramePeriod, (), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, resetModel, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, needsMoreSamples, (), (const, override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isVSyncInPhase, (nsecs_t, Fps), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isVSyncInPhase, (nsecs_t, Fps), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, setDisplayModePtr, (ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, setRenderRate, (Fps), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setRenderRate, (Fps, bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onFrameBegin, (TimePoint, TimePoint), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onFrameMissed, (TimePoint), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index 1314193..74d3d9d 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -555,8 +555,7 @@
     return native_format;
 }
 
-DataSpace GetNativeDataspace(VkColorSpaceKHR colorspace,
-                             PixelFormat pixelFormat) {
+DataSpace GetNativeDataspace(VkColorSpaceKHR colorspace, VkFormat format) {
     switch (colorspace) {
         case VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR:
             return DataSpace::SRGB;
@@ -575,7 +574,7 @@
         case VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT709_NONLINEAR_EXT:
             return DataSpace::SRGB;
         case VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT2020_LINEAR_EXT:
-            if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16) {
+            if (format == VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT) {
                 return DataSpace::BT2020_LINEAR_EXTENDED;
             } else {
                 return DataSpace::BT2020_LINEAR;
@@ -764,21 +763,20 @@
         {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR},
     };
 
+    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
     if (colorspace_ext) {
         for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
              colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, GetNativePixelFormat(
-                                                   VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM)) !=
-                DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
+            format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) != DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
                 all_formats.emplace_back(
-                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, colorSpace});
+                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
             }
 
-            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, GetNativePixelFormat(
-                                                   VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB)) !=
-                DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
+            format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
+            if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) != DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
                 all_formats.emplace_back(
-                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, colorSpace});
+                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
             }
         }
     }
@@ -787,78 +785,73 @@
     // Android users.  This includes the ANGLE team (a layered implementation of
     // OpenGL-ES).
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
-        all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-            VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+        all_formats.emplace_back(
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
-        all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-            VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+        all_formats.emplace_back(
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
 
             for (
                 VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                 colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspaceOnFP16SurfaceOnly) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(
-            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32,
-                               VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace, GetNativePixelFormat(
-                                        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32, colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc)) {
         if (colorspace_ext) {
-            all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
+            all_formats.emplace_back(
+                VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
         }
     }
 
@@ -877,22 +870,18 @@
             rgba10x6_formats_ext = true;
         }
     }
+    format = VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16;
     desc.format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R10G10B10A10_UNORM;
     if (AHardwareBuffer_isSupported(&desc) && rgba10x6_formats_ext) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(
-            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16,
-                               VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
+            VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR});
         if (colorspace_ext) {
             for (VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace :
                  colorSpaceSupportedByVkEXTSwapchainColorspace) {
-                if (GetNativeDataspace(
-                        colorSpace,
-                        GetNativePixelFormat(
-                            VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16)) !=
+                if (GetNativeDataspace(colorSpace, format) !=
                     DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
-                    all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
-                        VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16,
-                        colorSpace});
+                    all_formats.emplace_back(
+                        VkSurfaceFormatKHR{format, colorSpace});
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1670,8 +1659,8 @@
 
     PixelFormat native_pixel_format =
         GetNativePixelFormat(create_info->imageFormat);
-    DataSpace native_dataspace =
-        GetNativeDataspace(create_info->imageColorSpace, native_pixel_format);
+    DataSpace native_dataspace = GetNativeDataspace(
+        create_info->imageColorSpace, create_info->imageFormat);
     if (native_dataspace == DataSpace::UNKNOWN) {
         ALOGE(
             "CreateSwapchainKHR(VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR.imageColorSpace = %d) "