diff --git a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
index 9341eff..b92e504 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
@@ -67,28 +67,28 @@
 
 // Static const and functions will be optimized out if not used,
 // when LOG_NDEBUG and references in IF_LOG_COMMANDS() are optimized out.
-static const char *kReturnStrings[] = {
-    "BR_ERROR",
-    "BR_OK",
-    "BR_TRANSACTION",
-    "BR_REPLY",
-    "BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT",
-    "BR_DEAD_REPLY",
-    "BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE",
-    "BR_INCREFS",
-    "BR_ACQUIRE",
-    "BR_RELEASE",
-    "BR_DECREFS",
-    "BR_ATTEMPT_ACQUIRE",
-    "BR_NOOP",
-    "BR_SPAWN_LOOPER",
-    "BR_FINISHED",
-    "BR_DEAD_BINDER",
-    "BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE",
-    "BR_FAILED_REPLY",
-    "BR_FROZEN_REPLY",
-    "BR_ONEWAY_SPAM_SUSPECT",
-    "BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX",
+static const char* kReturnStrings[] = {
+        "BR_ERROR",
+        "BR_OK",
+        "BR_TRANSACTION/BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX",
+        "BR_REPLY",
+        "BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT",
+        "BR_DEAD_REPLY",
+        "BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE",
+        "BR_INCREFS",
+        "BR_ACQUIRE",
+        "BR_RELEASE",
+        "BR_DECREFS",
+        "BR_ATTEMPT_ACQUIRE",
+        "BR_NOOP",
+        "BR_SPAWN_LOOPER",
+        "BR_FINISHED",
+        "BR_DEAD_BINDER",
+        "BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE",
+        "BR_FAILED_REPLY",
+        "BR_FROZEN_REPLY",
+        "BR_ONEWAY_SPAM_SUSPECT",
+        "BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN",
 };
 
 static const char *kCommandStrings[] = {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
index e4d4de8..041c280 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
@@ -256,6 +256,12 @@
     // contention on the device. b/276820894
     test_options: {
         unit_test: false,
+        test_runner_options: [
+            {
+                name: "native-test-timeout",
+                value: "10m",
+            },
+        ],
     },
 
     test_suites: ["general-tests"],
diff --git a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
index 93df124..c6f3363 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -344,6 +344,10 @@
     handleRefreshRateUpdates();
 }
 
+void Choreographer::dispatchHdcpLevelsChanged(PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, int32_t) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchHdcpLevelsChanged was called but was never registered");
+}
+
 void Choreographer::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
     switch (message.what) {
         case MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS:
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
index 5dd058c..f3de96d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
@@ -195,6 +195,11 @@
                     dispatchFrameRateOverrides(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId,
                                                std::move(mFrameRateOverrides));
                     break;
+                case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HDCP_LEVELS_CHANGE:
+                    dispatchHdcpLevelsChanged(ev.header.displayId,
+                                              ev.hdcpLevelsChange.connectedLevel,
+                                              ev.hdcpLevelsChange.maxLevel);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     ALOGW("dispatcher %p ~ ignoring unknown event type %#x", this, ev.header.type);
                     break;
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 8b6f202..8d18551 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -3117,7 +3117,6 @@
             ->removeWindowInfosListener(windowInfosListener,
                                         ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService());
 }
-
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 status_t ScreenshotClient::captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs& captureArgs,
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
index 9933680..c952ba2 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchNullEvent, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD3(dispatchFrameRateOverrides,
                  void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, std::vector<FrameRateOverride>));
+    MOCK_METHOD3(dispatchHdcpLevelsChanged, void(PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, int32_t));
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
index 9fef512..55a7aa7 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@
     void dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) override;
     void dispatchFrameRateOverrides(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                     std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides) override;
+    void dispatchHdcpLevelsChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t connectedLevel,
+                                   int32_t maxLevel) override;
 
     void scheduleCallbacks();
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
index fe2dd20..82cd50c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@
     virtual void dispatchFrameRateOverrides(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                             std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides) = 0;
 
+    virtual void dispatchHdcpLevelsChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t connectedLevel,
+                                           int32_t maxLevel) = 0;
+
     bool processPendingEvents(nsecs_t* outTimestamp, PhysicalDisplayId* outDisplayId,
                               uint32_t* outCount, VsyncEventData* outVsyncEventData);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
index 79582ce..8c1103b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class DisplayEventReceiver {
 public:
-
     enum {
         DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC = fourcc('v', 's', 'y', 'n'),
         DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG = fourcc('p', 'l', 'u', 'g'),
@@ -66,6 +65,7 @@
         DISPLAY_EVENT_NULL = fourcc('n', 'u', 'l', 'l'),
         DISPLAY_EVENT_FRAME_RATE_OVERRIDE = fourcc('r', 'a', 't', 'e'),
         DISPLAY_EVENT_FRAME_RATE_OVERRIDE_FLUSH = fourcc('f', 'l', 's', 'h'),
+        DISPLAY_EVENT_HDCP_LEVELS_CHANGE = fourcc('h', 'd', 'c', 'p'),
     };
 
     struct Event {
@@ -101,12 +101,22 @@
             float frameRateHz __attribute__((aligned(8)));
         };
 
+        /*
+         * The values are defined in aidl:
+         * hardware/interfaces/drm/aidl/android/hardware/drm/HdcpLevel.aidl
+         */
+        struct HdcpLevelsChange {
+            int32_t connectedLevel;
+            int32_t maxLevel;
+        };
+
         Header header;
         union {
             VSync vsync;
             Hotplug hotplug;
             ModeChange modeChange;
             FrameRateOverride frameRateOverride;
+            HdcpLevelsChange hdcpLevelsChange;
         };
     };
 
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window_aidl.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window_aidl.h
index 0d5727d..68ac7e0 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window_aidl.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window_aidl.h
@@ -103,14 +103,22 @@
 
     binder_status_t readFromParcel(const AParcel* _Nonnull parcel) {
         reset();
-        return ANativeWindow_readFromParcel(parcel, &mWindow);
+        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_U__, *)) {
+            return ANativeWindow_readFromParcel(parcel, &mWindow);
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION;
+        }
     }
 
     binder_status_t writeToParcel(AParcel* _Nonnull parcel) const {
         if (!mWindow) {
             return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        return ANativeWindow_writeToParcel(mWindow, parcel);
+        if (__builtin_available(android __ANDROID_API_U__, *)) {
+            return ANativeWindow_writeToParcel(mWindow, parcel);
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/senserservice_flags.aconfig b/services/sensorservice/senserservice_flags.aconfig
index 6b74f6f..a3bd0ee 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/senserservice_flags.aconfig
+++ b/services/sensorservice/senserservice_flags.aconfig
@@ -5,4 +5,11 @@
   namespace: "sensors"
   description: "This flag controls if the dynamic sensor data will be clean up after HAL is disconnected."
   bug: "307782607"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "sensor_device_on_dynamic_sensor_disconnected"
+  namespace: "sensors"
+  description: "This flag controls if the callback onDynamicSensorsDisconnected is implemented or not."
+  bug: "316958439"
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Display.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Display.h
index 5e84be1..c71c517 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Display.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Display.h
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@
     // True if the display is secure
     virtual bool isSecure() const = 0;
 
+    // Sets the secure flag for the display
+    virtual void setSecure(bool secure) = 0;
+
     // True if the display is virtual
     virtual bool isVirtual() const = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h
index eac5d97..c53b461 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
     void createRenderSurface(const compositionengine::RenderSurfaceCreationArgs&) override;
     void createClientCompositionCache(uint32_t cacheSize) override;
     void applyDisplayBrightness(const bool applyImmediately) override;
+    void setSecure(bool secure) override;
 
     // Internal helpers used by chooseCompositionStrategy()
     using ChangedTypes = android::HWComposer::DeviceRequestedChanges::ChangedTypes;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Display.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Display.h
index 7e99ec2..46cb95e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Display.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Display.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getId, DisplayId());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(isSecure, bool());
+    MOCK_METHOD1(setSecure, void(bool));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(isVirtual, bool());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getPreferredBootHwcConfigId, int32_t());
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
index 7a727fd..d907bf5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@
     return getState().isSecure;
 }
 
+void Display::setSecure(bool secure) {
+    editState().isSecure = secure;
+}
+
 bool Display::isVirtual() const {
     return VirtualDisplayId::tryCast(mId).has_value();
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 671382c..7b0aad7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -365,6 +365,10 @@
     return mCompositionDisplay->isSecure();
 }
 
+void DisplayDevice::setSecure(bool secure) {
+    mCompositionDisplay->setSecure(secure);
+}
+
 const Rect DisplayDevice::getBounds() const {
     return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect();
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 3090477..4c09ffd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
     // isSecure indicates whether this display can be trusted to display
     // secure surfaces.
     bool isSecure() const;
+    void setSecure(bool secure);
 
     int getWidth() const;
     int getHeight() const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
index 1e5a6fb..821ac0c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
@@ -190,8 +190,12 @@
     return outInvalidRelativeRoot != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
 }
 
-LayerHierarchyBuilder::LayerHierarchyBuilder(
-        const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& layers) {
+void LayerHierarchyBuilder::init(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& layers) {
+    mLayerIdToHierarchy.clear();
+    mHierarchies.clear();
+    mRoot = nullptr;
+    mOffscreenRoot = nullptr;
+
     mHierarchies.reserve(layers.size());
     mLayerIdToHierarchy.reserve(layers.size());
     for (auto& layer : layers) {
@@ -202,6 +206,7 @@
         onLayerAdded(layer.get());
     }
     detachHierarchyFromRelativeParent(&mOffscreenRoot);
+    mInitialized = true;
 }
 
 void LayerHierarchyBuilder::attachToParent(LayerHierarchy* hierarchy) {
@@ -332,7 +337,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void LayerHierarchyBuilder::update(
+void LayerHierarchyBuilder::doUpdate(
         const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& layers,
         const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& destroyedLayers) {
     // rebuild map
@@ -381,6 +386,32 @@
     attachHierarchyToRelativeParent(&mRoot);
 }
 
+void LayerHierarchyBuilder::update(LayerLifecycleManager& layerLifecycleManager) {
+    if (!mInitialized) {
+        ATRACE_NAME("LayerHierarchyBuilder:init");
+        init(layerLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    } else if (layerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(
+                       RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
+        ATRACE_NAME("LayerHierarchyBuilder:update");
+        doUpdate(layerLifecycleManager.getLayers(), layerLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
+    } else {
+        return; // nothing to do
+    }
+
+    uint32_t invalidRelativeRoot;
+    bool hasRelZLoop = mRoot.hasRelZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
+    while (hasRelZLoop) {
+        ATRACE_NAME("FixRelZLoop");
+        TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().invoke("relz_loop_detected",
+                                                     /*overwrite=*/false);
+        layerLifecycleManager.fixRelativeZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
+        // reinitialize the hierarchy with the updated layer data
+        init(layerLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+        // check if we have any remaining loops
+        hasRelZLoop = mRoot.hasRelZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
+    }
+}
+
 const LayerHierarchy& LayerHierarchyBuilder::getHierarchy() const {
     return mRoot;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h
index ba2e262..a1c73c3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
 #include "RequestedLayerState.h"
 #include "ftl/small_vector.h"
 
@@ -197,9 +198,8 @@
 // hierarchy from a list of RequestedLayerState and associated change flags.
 class LayerHierarchyBuilder {
 public:
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>&);
-    void update(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& layers,
-                const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& destroyedLayers);
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder() = default;
+    void update(LayerLifecycleManager& layerLifecycleManager);
     LayerHierarchy getPartialHierarchy(uint32_t, bool childrenOnly) const;
     const LayerHierarchy& getHierarchy() const;
     const LayerHierarchy& getOffscreenHierarchy() const;
@@ -213,14 +213,18 @@
     void detachFromRelativeParent(LayerHierarchy*);
     void attachHierarchyToRelativeParent(LayerHierarchy*);
     void detachHierarchyFromRelativeParent(LayerHierarchy*);
-
+    void init(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>&);
+    void doUpdate(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& layers,
+                  const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& destroyedLayers);
     void onLayerDestroyed(RequestedLayerState* layer);
     void updateMirrorLayer(RequestedLayerState* layer);
     LayerHierarchy* getHierarchyFromId(uint32_t layerId, bool crashOnFailure = true);
+
     std::unordered_map<uint32_t, LayerHierarchy*> mLayerIdToHierarchy;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LayerHierarchy>> mHierarchies;
     LayerHierarchy mRoot{nullptr};
     LayerHierarchy mOffscreenRoot{nullptr};
+    bool mInitialized = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index 693a357..56be1b1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@
         case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_MODE_CHANGE:
             return StringPrintf("ModeChanged{displayId=%s, modeId=%u}",
                                 to_string(event.header.displayId).c_str(), event.modeChange.modeId);
+        case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HDCP_LEVELS_CHANGE:
+            return StringPrintf("HdcpLevelsChange{displayId=%s, connectedLevel=%d, maxLevel=%d}",
+                                to_string(event.header.displayId).c_str(),
+                                event.hdcpLevelsChange.connectedLevel,
+                                event.hdcpLevelsChange.maxLevel);
         default:
             return "Event{}";
     }
@@ -170,6 +175,20 @@
             }};
 }
 
+DisplayEventReceiver::Event makeHdcpLevelsChange(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
+                                                 int32_t connectedLevel, int32_t maxLevel) {
+    return DisplayEventReceiver::Event{
+            .header =
+                    DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Header{
+                            .type = DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HDCP_LEVELS_CHANGE,
+                            .displayId = displayId,
+                            .timestamp = systemTime(),
+                    },
+            .hdcpLevelsChange.connectedLevel = connectedLevel,
+            .hdcpLevelsChange.maxLevel = maxLevel,
+    };
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 EventThreadConnection::EventThreadConnection(EventThread* eventThread, uid_t callingUid,
@@ -442,6 +461,14 @@
     mCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
+void EventThread::onHdcpLevelsChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t connectedLevel,
+                                      int32_t maxLevel) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+
+    mPendingEvents.push_back(makeHdcpLevelsChange(displayId, connectedLevel, maxLevel));
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
 void EventThread::threadMain(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock) {
     DisplayEventConsumers consumers;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 7842318..8970103 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -131,6 +131,9 @@
             const sp<EventThreadConnection>& connection) const = 0;
 
     virtual void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) = 0;
+
+    virtual void onHdcpLevelsChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t connectedLevel,
+                                     int32_t maxLevel) = 0;
 };
 
 struct IEventThreadCallback {
@@ -177,6 +180,9 @@
 
     void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) override EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
+    void onHdcpLevelsChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t connectedLevel,
+                             int32_t maxLevel) override;
+
 private:
     friend EventThreadTest;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index ce59a04..1b72071 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -412,6 +412,17 @@
     thread->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(displayId, std::move(overrides));
 }
 
+void Scheduler::onHdcpLevelsChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
+                                    int32_t connectedLevel, int32_t maxLevel) {
+    android::EventThread* thread;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectionsLock);
+        RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle);
+        thread = mConnections[handle].thread.get();
+    }
+    thread->onHdcpLevelsChanged(displayId, connectedLevel, maxLevel);
+}
+
 void Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, const FrameRateMode& mode) {
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index ce585c6..a29d153 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -173,6 +173,8 @@
     void onFrameRateOverridesChanged(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId)
             EXCLUDES(mConnectionsLock);
 
+    void onHdcpLevelsChanged(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, int32_t);
+
     // Modifies work duration in the event thread.
     void setDuration(ConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 7230547..138a9bb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -552,6 +552,12 @@
             base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.sf.enable_layer_lifecycle_manager"s, true);
     mLegacyFrontEndEnabled = !mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled ||
             base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.sf.enable_legacy_frontend"s, false);
+
+    // These are set by the HWC implementation to indicate that they will use the workarounds.
+    mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync =
+            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.hwc_hotplug_error_via_neg_vsync"s, false);
+
+    mIsHdcpViaNegVsync = base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.hwc_hdcp_via_neg_vsync"s, false);
 }
 
 LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
@@ -2121,15 +2127,28 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onComposerHalVsync(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, int64_t timestamp,
                                         std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodNanos> vsyncPeriod) {
-    if (FlagManager::getInstance().connected_display()) {
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().connected_display() && timestamp < 0 &&
+        vsyncPeriod.has_value()) {
         // use ~0 instead of -1 as AidlComposerHal.cpp passes the param as unsigned int32
-        if (mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync && timestamp < 0 && vsyncPeriod.has_value() &&
-            vsyncPeriod.value() == ~0) {
-            int hotplugErrorCode = static_cast<int32_t>(-timestamp);
-            ALOGD("SurfaceFlinger got hotplugErrorCode=%d", hotplugErrorCode);
+        if (mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync && vsyncPeriod.value() == ~0) {
+            const int32_t hotplugErrorCode = static_cast<int32_t>(-timestamp);
+            ALOGD("SurfaceFlinger got hotplugErrorCode=%d for display %" PRIu64, hotplugErrorCode,
+                  hwcDisplayId);
             mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(mAppConnectionHandle, hotplugErrorCode);
             return;
         }
+
+        if (mIsHdcpViaNegVsync && vsyncPeriod.value() == ~1) {
+            const int32_t value = static_cast<int32_t>(-timestamp);
+            // one byte is good enough to encode android.hardware.drm.HdcpLevel
+            const int32_t maxLevel = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
+            const int32_t connectedLevel = value & 0xFF;
+            ALOGD("SurfaceFlinger got HDCP level changed: connected=%d, max=%d for "
+                  "display=%" PRIu64,
+                  connectedLevel, maxLevel, hwcDisplayId);
+            updateHdcpLevels(hwcDisplayId, connectedLevel, maxLevel);
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
     ATRACE_NAME(vsyncPeriod
@@ -2363,11 +2382,7 @@
                 mLegacyLayers[layer->sequence] = layer;
             }
         }
-        if (mLayerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-            ATRACE_NAME("LayerHierarchyBuilder:update");
-            mLayerHierarchyBuilder.update(mLayerLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
-                                          mLayerLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-        }
+        mLayerHierarchyBuilder.update(mLayerLifecycleManager);
     }
 
     bool mustComposite = false;
@@ -3423,9 +3438,10 @@
     }
 
     const sp<IBinder> token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    const ui::DisplayConnectionType connectionType =
+            getHwComposer().getDisplayConnectionType(displayId);
 
-    mPhysicalDisplays.try_emplace(displayId, token, displayId,
-                                  getHwComposer().getDisplayConnectionType(displayId),
+    mPhysicalDisplays.try_emplace(displayId, token, displayId, connectionType,
                                   std::move(displayModes), std::move(colorModes),
                                   std::move(info.deviceProductInfo));
 
@@ -3433,7 +3449,7 @@
     state.physical = {.id = displayId,
                       .hwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId,
                       .activeMode = std::move(activeMode)};
-    state.isSecure = true; // All physical displays are currently considered secure.
+    state.isSecure = connectionType == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal;
     state.isProtected = true;
     state.displayName = std::move(info.name);
 
@@ -4239,9 +4255,6 @@
             sp<RegionSamplingThread>::make(*this,
                                            RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
     mFpsReporter = sp<FpsReporter>::make(*mFrameTimeline, *this);
-
-    mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync =
-            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.hwc_hotplug_error_via_neg_vsync"s, false);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updatePhaseConfiguration(Fps refreshRate) {
@@ -8743,6 +8756,40 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateHdcpLevels(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, int32_t connectedLevel,
+                                      int32_t maxLevel) {
+    if (!FlagManager::getInstance().connected_display()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+
+    const auto idOpt = getHwComposer().toPhysicalDisplayId(hwcDisplayId);
+    if (!idOpt) {
+        ALOGE("No display found for HDCP level changed event: connected=%d, max=%d for "
+              "display=%" PRIu64,
+              connectedLevel, maxLevel, hwcDisplayId);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const bool isInternalDisplay =
+            mPhysicalDisplays.get(*idOpt).transform(&PhysicalDisplay::isInternal).value_or(false);
+    if (isInternalDisplay) {
+        ALOGW("Unexpected HDCP level changed for internal display: connected=%d, max=%d for "
+              "display=%" PRIu64,
+              connectedLevel, maxLevel, hwcDisplayId);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([this, displayId = *idOpt, connectedLevel, maxLevel]() {
+        if (const auto display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayId))) {
+            Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+            display->setSecure(connectedLevel >= 2 /* HDCP_V1 */);
+        }
+        mScheduler->onHdcpLevelsChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId, connectedLevel, maxLevel);
+    }));
+}
+
 std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> SurfaceFlinger::getExternalTextureFromBufferData(
         BufferData& bufferData, const char* layerName, uint64_t transactionId) {
     if (bufferData.buffer &&
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index d2db685..4440c7b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -654,6 +654,8 @@
     status_t getStalledTransactionInfo(
             int pid, std::optional<TransactionHandler::StalledTransactionInfo>& result);
 
+    void updateHdcpLevels(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, int32_t connectedLevel, int32_t maxLevel);
+
     // Implements IBinder::DeathRecipient.
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
 
@@ -1276,6 +1278,7 @@
         hal::Connection connection = hal::Connection::INVALID;
     };
 
+    bool mIsHdcpViaNegVsync = false;
     bool mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync = false;
 
     std::mutex mHotplugMutex;
@@ -1469,7 +1472,7 @@
     bool mLegacyFrontEndEnabled = true;
 
     frontend::LayerLifecycleManager mLayerLifecycleManager;
-    frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder{{}};
+    frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder;
     frontend::LayerSnapshotBuilder mLayerSnapshotBuilder;
 
     std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, std::string>> mDestroyedHandles;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h
index ddbf3e4..6a66fff 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h
@@ -218,6 +218,13 @@
     friend class Singleton<TransactionTracing>;
     std::function<void(const std::string& prefix, bool overwrite)> mWriterFunction =
             [](const std::string&, bool) {};
+    std::atomic<bool> mEnabled{true};
+
+    void doInvoke(const std::string& filename, bool overwrite) {
+        if (mEnabled) {
+            mWriterFunction(filename, overwrite);
+        }
+    };
 
 public:
     void setWriterFunction(
@@ -225,12 +232,15 @@
         mWriterFunction = std::move(function);
     }
     void invoke(const std::string& prefix, bool overwrite) {
-        mWriterFunction(TransactionTracing::getFilePath(prefix), overwrite);
+        doInvoke(TransactionTracing::getFilePath(prefix), overwrite);
     }
     /* pass in a complete file path for testing */
     void invokeForTest(const std::string& filename, bool overwrite) {
-        mWriterFunction(filename, overwrite);
+        doInvoke(filename, overwrite);
     }
+    /* hacky way to avoid generating traces when converting transaction trace to layers trace. */
+    void disable() { mEnabled.store(false); }
+    void enable() { mEnabled.store(true); }
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
index c2d1954..617ea2c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
@@ -40,9 +40,24 @@
 namespace android {
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
 
+namespace {
+class ScopedTraceDisabler {
+public:
+    ScopedTraceDisabler() { TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().disable(); }
+    ~ScopedTraceDisabler() { TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().enable(); }
+};
+} // namespace
+
 bool LayerTraceGenerator::generate(const perfetto::protos::TransactionTraceFile& traceFile,
                                    std::uint32_t traceFlags, LayerTracing& layerTracing,
                                    bool onlyLastEntry) {
+    // We are generating the layers trace by replaying back a set of transactions. If the
+    // transactions have unexpected states, we may generate a transaction trace to debug
+    // the unexpected state. This is silly. So we disable it by poking the
+    // TransactionTraceWriter. This is really a hack since we should manage our depenecies a
+    // little better.
+    ScopedTraceDisabler fatalErrorTraceDisabler;
+
     if (traceFile.entry_size() == 0) {
         ALOGD("Trace file is empty");
         return false;
@@ -52,7 +67,7 @@
 
     // frontend
     frontend::LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
-    frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder{{}};
+    frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
     frontend::LayerSnapshotBuilder snapshotBuilder;
     ui::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo> displayInfos;
 
@@ -119,12 +134,10 @@
         lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions, /*ignoreUnknownHandles=*/true);
         lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed(destroyedHandles, /*ignoreUnknownHandles=*/true);
 
-        if (lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(
-                    frontend::RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-            hierarchyBuilder.update(lifecycleManager.getLayers(),
-                                    lifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-        }
+        // update hierarchy
+        hierarchyBuilder.update(lifecycleManager);
 
+        // update snapshots
         frontend::LayerSnapshotBuilder::Args args{.root = hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy(),
                                                   .layerLifecycleManager = lifecycleManager,
                                                   .displays = displayInfos,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
index ee12276..6671414 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
@@ -481,14 +481,17 @@
 
 constexpr int PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS = 0x1;
 
-template <typename PhysicalDisplay, int width, int height>
+template <typename PhysicalDisplay, int width, int height,
+          Secure secure = (PhysicalDisplay::CONNECTION_TYPE == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal)
+                  ? Secure::TRUE
+                  : Secure::FALSE>
 struct PhysicalDisplayVariant
-      : DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayIdType<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height, Async::FALSE,
-                       Secure::TRUE, PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY, GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY,
+      : DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayIdType<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height, Async::FALSE, secure,
+                       PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY, GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY,
                        PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>,
         HwcDisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplay::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, DisplayType::PHYSICAL,
                           DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayIdType<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height,
-                                         Async::FALSE, Secure::TRUE, PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY,
+                                         Async::FALSE, secure, PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY,
                                          GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY, PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>,
                           PhysicalDisplay> {};
 
@@ -515,6 +518,7 @@
 };
 
 struct TertiaryDisplay {
+    static constexpr auto CONNECTION_TYPE = ui::DisplayConnectionType::External;
     static constexpr Primary PRIMARY = Primary::FALSE;
     static constexpr uint8_t PORT = 253;
     static constexpr HWDisplayId HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1003;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
index 95f1940..2b333f4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@
 
 // reparenting tests
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, addLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 111, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -64,7 +65,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, reparentLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentLayer(2, 11);
     reparentLayer(111, 12);
     reparentLayer(1221, 1);
@@ -79,7 +81,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, reparentLayerToNull) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     reparentLayer(2, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     reparentLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
@@ -96,7 +99,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, reparentLayerToNullAndDestroyHandles) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentLayer(2, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     reparentLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     reparentLayer(1221, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
@@ -115,7 +119,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, destroyHandleThenDestroyParentLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     destroyLayerHandle(111);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -139,7 +144,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, layerSurvivesTemporaryReparentToNull) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     reparentLayer(11, 1);
 
@@ -154,7 +160,8 @@
 
 // offscreen tests
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, layerMovesOnscreen) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     reparentLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
@@ -170,7 +177,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, addLayerToOffscreenParent) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     reparentLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
@@ -187,7 +195,8 @@
 
 // rel-z tests
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, setRelativeParent) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -200,7 +209,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, reparentFromRelativeParentWithSetLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -216,7 +226,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, reparentToRelativeParent) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -231,7 +242,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, setParentAsRelativeParent) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -246,7 +258,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, relativeChildMovesOffscreenIsNotTraversable) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -262,7 +275,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, reparentRelativeLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -294,7 +308,8 @@
 
 // mirror tests
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, canTraverseMirrorLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     mirrorLayer(/*layer*/ 14, /*parent*/ 1, /*layerToMirror*/ 11);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
@@ -308,7 +323,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, canMirrorOffscreenLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     reparentLayer(11, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     mirrorLayer(/*layer*/ 14, /*parent*/ 1, /*layerToMirror*/ 11);
@@ -324,7 +340,8 @@
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, newChildLayerIsUpdatedInMirrorHierarchy) {
     mirrorLayer(/*layer*/ 14, /*parent*/ 1, /*layerToMirror*/ 11);
     mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     createLayer(1111, 111);
     createLayer(112, 11);
@@ -340,7 +357,8 @@
 
 // mirror & relatives tests
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, mirrorWithRelativeOutsideMirrorHierarchy) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(111, 12);
     mirrorLayer(/*layer*/ 14, /*parent*/ 1, /*layerToMirror*/ 11);
 
@@ -371,7 +389,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, mirrorWithRelativeInsideMirrorHierarchy) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(1221, 12);
     mirrorLayer(/*layer*/ 14, /*parent*/ 1, /*layerToMirror*/ 12);
 
@@ -401,7 +420,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, childMovesOffscreenWhenRelativeParentDies) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     reparentLayer(2, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
@@ -427,7 +447,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, offscreenLayerCannotBeRelativeToOnscreenLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentRelativeLayer(1221, 2);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -462,7 +483,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, backgroundLayersAreBehindParentLayer) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     updateBackgroundColor(1, 0.5);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
@@ -485,7 +507,8 @@
     createLayer(11, 1);
     reparentLayer(1, 11);
     mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
 
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -502,17 +525,11 @@
     createLayer(11, 1);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 2);
     reparentRelativeLayer(2, 11);
-    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
-
-    // fix loop
-    uint32_t invalidRelativeRoot;
-    bool hasRelZLoop = hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().hasRelZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(hasRelZLoop);
-    mLifecycleManager.fixRelativeZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
-    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(), mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-    EXPECT_EQ(invalidRelativeRoot, 11u);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().hasRelZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot));
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    // this call is expected to fix the loop!
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
+    uint32_t unused;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().hasRelZLoop(unused));
 
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 2, 2};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -534,16 +551,11 @@
     createLayer(221, 22);
     reparentRelativeLayer(22, 111);
     reparentRelativeLayer(11, 221);
-    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
-
-    // fix loop
-    uint32_t invalidRelativeRoot;
-    bool hasRelZLoop = hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().hasRelZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(hasRelZLoop);
-    mLifecycleManager.fixRelativeZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot);
-    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(), mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().hasRelZLoop(invalidRelativeRoot));
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    // this call is expected to fix the loop!
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
+    uint32_t unused;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().hasRelZLoop(unused));
 
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 111, 22, 221, 2, 21, 22, 221};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -554,7 +566,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, ReparentRootLayerToNull) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentLayer(1, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
 
@@ -568,7 +581,8 @@
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, AddRemoveLayerInSameTransaction) {
     // remove default hierarchy
     mLifecycleManager = LayerLifecycleManager();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     createRootLayer(1);
     destroyLayerHandle(1);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
@@ -582,7 +596,8 @@
 // traversal path test
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, traversalPathId) {
     setZ(122, -1);
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     auto checkTraversalPathIdVisitor =
             [](const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
                const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& traversalPath) -> bool {
@@ -605,7 +620,8 @@
     createLayer(53, 5);
 
     mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 2, 4, 5, 51, 53};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -639,7 +655,8 @@
     setZ(13, 1);
 
     mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 13, 12};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -661,7 +678,8 @@
     setLayerStack(2, 10);
 
     mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {2, 21, 1, 11};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
@@ -672,7 +690,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, canMirrorDisplay) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     setFlags(12, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot);
     createDisplayMirrorLayer(3, ui::LayerStack::fromValue(0));
     setLayerStack(3, 1);
@@ -687,7 +706,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, mirrorNonExistingDisplay) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     setFlags(12, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot);
     createDisplayMirrorLayer(3, ui::LayerStack::fromValue(5));
     setLayerStack(3, 1);
@@ -701,7 +721,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, newRootLayerIsMirrored) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     setFlags(12, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot);
     createDisplayMirrorLayer(3, ui::LayerStack::fromValue(0));
     setLayerStack(3, 1);
@@ -719,7 +740,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, removedRootLayerIsNoLongerMirrored) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     setFlags(12, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot, layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot);
     createDisplayMirrorLayer(3, ui::LayerStack::fromValue(0));
     setLayerStack(3, 1);
@@ -737,7 +759,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, canMirrorDisplayWithMirrors) {
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder;
+    hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
     reparentLayer(12, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
     mirrorLayer(/*layer*/ 14, /*parent*/ 1, /*layerToMirror*/ 11);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
index 7e9abce..67e6249 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
@@ -176,14 +176,12 @@
     void destroyLayerHandle(uint32_t id) { mLifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({{id, "test"}}); }
 
     void updateAndVerify(LayerHierarchyBuilder& hierarchyBuilder) {
-        if (mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-            hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
-                                    mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-        }
+        hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
         mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
 
         // rebuild layer hierarchy from scratch and verify that it matches the updated state.
-        LayerHierarchyBuilder newBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+        LayerHierarchyBuilder newBuilder;
+        newBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
         EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()),
                   getTraversalPath(newBuilder.getHierarchy()));
         EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()),
@@ -512,10 +510,7 @@
     }
 
     void update(LayerSnapshotBuilder& snapshotBuilder) {
-        if (mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-            mHierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
-                                     mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-        }
+        mHierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
         LayerSnapshotBuilder::Args args{.root = mHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy(),
                                         .layerLifecycleManager = mLifecycleManager,
                                         .includeMetadata = false,
@@ -530,7 +525,7 @@
         mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
     }
 
-    LayerHierarchyBuilder mHierarchyBuilder{{}};
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder mHierarchyBuilder;
 
     DisplayInfos mFrontEndDisplayInfos;
     bool mHasDisplayChanges = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp
index 787fa1c..e9d2319 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     LayerHistoryIntegrationTest() : LayerSnapshotTestBase() {
         mFlinger.resetScheduler(mScheduler);
         mLifecycleManager = {};
-        mHierarchyBuilder = {{}};
+        mHierarchyBuilder = {};
     }
 
     void updateLayerSnapshotsAndLayerHistory(nsecs_t now) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
index 50cd784..ba32c68 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@
 
     void update(LayerSnapshotBuilder& actualBuilder, LayerSnapshotBuilder::Args& args) {
         if (mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-            mHierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
-                                     mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
+            mHierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager);
         }
         args.root = mHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy();
         actualBuilder.update(args);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index e515895..2007d2a1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
     mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
     TestableScheduler* mScheduler =
             new TestableScheduler{mSelector, mSchedulerCallback, mVsyncTrackerCallback};
-    surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder{{}};
+    surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder;
 
     ConnectionHandle mConnectionHandle;
     MockEventThread* mEventThread;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTraceWriterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTraceWriterTest.cpp
index 4a83d44..d071ce9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTraceWriterTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTraceWriterTest.cpp
@@ -105,4 +105,16 @@
     verifyTraceFile();
 }
 
+// Check we cannot write to file if the trace write is disabled.
+TEST_F(TransactionTraceWriterTest, canDisableTraceWriter) {
+    TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().disable();
+    TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().invokeForTest(mFilename, /* overwrite */ true);
+    EXPECT_NE(access(mFilename.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+
+    TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().enable();
+    TransactionTraceWriter::getInstance().invokeForTest(mFilename, /* overwrite */ true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(access(mFilename.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+    verifyTraceFile();
+}
+
 } // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
index 866af3b..e2b0ed1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(void, requestLatestConfig, (const sp<android::EventThreadConnection>&));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, pauseVsyncCallback, (bool));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onNewVsyncSchedule, (std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onHdcpLevelsChanged,
+                (PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t connectedLevel, int32_t maxLevel),
+                (override));
 };
 
 } // namespace android::mock