Merge "Fix the missing extension EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer" into udc-dev
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 8ca927e..5dbf7ac 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -3362,23 +3362,25 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    // Include the proto logging from WMShell.
-    RunCommand(
-        // Empty name because it's not intended to be classified as a bugreport section.
-        // Actual logging files can be found as "/data/misc/wmtrace/shell_log.winscope"
-        // in the bugreport.
-        "", {"dumpsys", "activity", "service", "SystemUIService",
-             "WMShell", "protolog", "save-for-bugreport"},
-        CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).Always().DropRoot().RedirectStderr().Build());
+    const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> dumpTracesForBugReportCommands = {
+        {"dumpsys", "activity", "service", "SystemUIService", "WMShell", "protolog",
+         "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"dumpsys", "activity", "service", "SystemUIService", "WMShell", "transitions", "tracing",
+         "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"cmd", "input_method", "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"cmd", "window", "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"cmd", "window", "shell", "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+    };
 
-    for (const auto& service : {"input_method", "window", "window shell"}) {
+    for (const auto& command : dumpTracesForBugReportCommands) {
         RunCommand(
             // Empty name because it's not intended to be classified as a bugreport section.
             // Actual tracing files can be found in "/data/misc/wmtrace/" in the bugreport.
-            "", {"cmd", service, "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+            "", command,
             CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).Always().DropRoot().RedirectStderr().Build());
     }
 
+    // This command needs to be run as root
     static const auto SURFACEFLINGER_COMMAND_SAVE_ALL_TRACES = std::vector<std::string> {
         "service", "call", "SurfaceFlinger", "1042"
     };
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
index 93d8cdf..5cbcf9f 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
@@ -997,17 +997,22 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(ds.dump_pool_);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DumpstateBaseTest, PreDumpUiData) {
-    // SurfaceFlinger's transactions trace is always enabled, i.e. it is always pre-dumped
-    static const auto kTransactionsTrace =
-            std::filesystem::path {"/data/misc/wmtrace/transactions_trace.winscope"};
+TEST_F(DumpstateTest, PreDumpUiData) {
+    // These traces are always enabled, i.e. they are always pre-dumped
+    const std::vector<std::filesystem::path> uiTraces = {
+        std::filesystem::path{"/data/misc/wmtrace/transactions_trace.winscope"},
+        std::filesystem::path{"/data/misc/wmtrace/transition_trace.winscope"},
+        std::filesystem::path{"/data/misc/wmtrace/shell_transition_trace.winscope"},
+    };
 
-    std::system(("rm " + kTransactionsTrace.string()).c_str());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(std::filesystem::exists(kTransactionsTrace));
+    for (const auto traceFile : uiTraces) {
+        std::system(("rm -f " + traceFile.string()).c_str());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(std::filesystem::exists(traceFile)) << traceFile << " was not deleted.";
 
-    Dumpstate& ds_ = Dumpstate::GetInstance();
-    ds_.PreDumpUiData();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(std::filesystem::exists(kTransactionsTrace));
+        Dumpstate& ds_ = Dumpstate::GetInstance();
+        ds_.PreDumpUiData();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::filesystem::exists(traceFile)) << traceFile << " was not created.";
+    }
 }
 
 class ZippedBugReportStreamTest : public DumpstateBaseTest {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp b/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp
index a6025e6..85ce450 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 // platform dependent logic.
 
 int rm_package_dir(const std::string& package_dir) {
-    return delete_dir_contents_and_dir(package_dir);
+    return rename_delete_dir_contents_and_dir(package_dir);
 }
 
 }  // namespace installd
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp b/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp
index d73a30b..fb69513 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp
@@ -93,9 +93,22 @@
         libfuzzer_options: [
             "max_len=50000",
         ],
-        cc: [
-            "smoreland@google.com",
-            "waghpawan@google.com",
+    },
+}
+
+// Adding this new fuzzer to test the corpus generated by record_binder
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "servicemanager_test_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "servicemanager_defaults",
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    host_supported: true,
+    srcs: ["fuzzers/ServiceManagerTestFuzzer.cpp"],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        libfuzzer_options: [
+            "max_len=50000",
         ],
     },
+    corpus: ["fuzzers/servicemamanager_fuzzer_corpus/*"],
 }
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/ServiceManagerTestFuzzer.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/ServiceManagerTestFuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e19b6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/ServiceManagerTestFuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_driver.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+#include "Access.h"
+#include "ServiceManager.h"
+
+using ::android::Access;
+using ::android::Parcel;
+using ::android::ServiceManager;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    FuzzedDataProvider provider(data, size);
+    auto accessPtr = std::make_unique<Access>();
+    auto serviceManager = sp<ServiceManager>::make(std::move(accessPtr));
+
+    // Reserved bytes
+    provider.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(8);
+    uint32_t code = provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+    uint32_t flag = provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+    std::vector<uint8_t> parcelData = provider.ConsumeRemainingBytes<uint8_t>();
+
+    Parcel inputParcel;
+    inputParcel.setData(parcelData.data(), parcelData.size());
+
+    Parcel reply;
+    serviceManager->transact(code, inputParcel, &reply, flag);
+
+    serviceManager->clear();
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_1 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_1
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_10 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_10
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07319f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_10
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_11 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_11
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_11
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_12 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_12
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07319f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_12
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_13 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_13
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_13
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_14 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_14
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07319f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_14
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_15 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_15
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_15
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_16 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_16
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07319f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_16
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_17 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_17
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_17
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_18 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_18
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_18
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_19 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_19
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_19
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_2 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69ab49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_2
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_20 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_20
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_20
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_21 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_21
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_21
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_22 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_22
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_22
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_23 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_23
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_23
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_24 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_24
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_24
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_25 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_25
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_25
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_26 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_26
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_26
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_27 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_27
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_27
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_28 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_28
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_28
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_29 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_29
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_29
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_3 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_3
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_30 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_30
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_30
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_31 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_31
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_31
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_32 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_32
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_32
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diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_33 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_33
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_33
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diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_34 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_34
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_34
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_35 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_35
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_35
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_36 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_36
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_36
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_37 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_37
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae15a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_37
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_38 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_38
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_38
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_39 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_39
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b326907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_39
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_4 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05b27bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_4
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_40 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_40
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_40
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_41 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_41
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b326907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_41
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_42 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_42
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdaa1f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_42
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_43 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_43
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff0941b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_43
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_44 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_44
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdaa1f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_44
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_45 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_45
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_45
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_46 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_46
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5f948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_46
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_5 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_5
Binary files differ
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_6 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07319f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_6
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diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_7 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_7
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diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_8 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07319f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_8
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diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_9 b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e5104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/fuzzers/servicemanager_fuzzer_corpus/Transaction_9
Binary files differ
diff --git a/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h b/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h
index a090876..5466680 100644
--- a/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h
+++ b/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@
         PrimariesBT601_6_525,   // Rec.ITU-R BT.601-6 525 or equivalent
         PrimariesGenericFilm,   // Generic Film
         PrimariesBT2020,        // Rec.ITU-R BT.2020 or equivalent
+        PrimariesRP431,         // SMPTE RP 431-2 (DCI P3)
+        PrimariesEG432,         // SMPTE EG 432-1 (Display P3)
         PrimariesOther = 0xff,
     };
 
@@ -173,6 +175,8 @@
         StandardBT2020Constant,         // PrimariesBT2020 and MatrixBT2020Constant
         StandardBT470M,                 // PrimariesBT470_6M and MatrixBT470_6M
         StandardFilm,                   // PrimariesGenericFilm and KR=0.253, KB=0.068
+        StandardDisplayP3,              // PrimariesEG432 and MatrixBT601_6
+        // StandardAdobeRGB,  // for placeholder only (not used by media)
         StandardOther = 0xff,
     };
 
@@ -282,6 +286,8 @@
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesBT601_6_525: return "BT601_6_525";
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesGenericFilm: return "GenericFilm";
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesBT2020:      return "BT2020";
+        case ColorAspects::PrimariesRP431:       return "RP431";
+        case ColorAspects::PrimariesEG432:       return "EG432";
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesOther:       return "Other";
         default:                                 return def;
     }
@@ -332,6 +338,8 @@
         case ColorAspects::StandardBT2020Constant:       return "BT2020Constant";
         case ColorAspects::StandardBT470M:               return "BT470M";
         case ColorAspects::StandardFilm:                 return "Film";
+        case ColorAspects::StandardDisplayP3:            return "DisplayP3";
+        // case ColorAspects::StandardAdobeRGB:             return "AdobeRGB";
         case ColorAspects::StandardOther:                return "Other";
         default:                                         return def;
     }
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control.h b/include/android/surface_control.h
index daeebec..cce2e46 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control.h
@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@
  * The caller takes ownership of the ASurfaceControl returned and must release it
  * using ASurfaceControl_release below.
  *
+ * By default the \a ASurfaceControl will be visible and display any buffer submitted. In
+ * addition, the default buffer submission control may release and not display all buffers
+ * that are submitted before receiving a callback for the previous buffer. See
+ * \a ASurfaceTransaction_setVisibility and \a ASurfaceTransaction_setEnableBackPressure to
+ * change the default behaviors after creation.
+ *
  * Available since API level 29.
  */
 ASurfaceControl* ASurfaceControl_createFromWindow(ANativeWindow* parent, const char* debug_name)
@@ -548,11 +554,15 @@
  *                     to the max display brightness. The system may not be able to, or may choose
  *                     not to, deliver the requested range.
  *
- *                     If unspecified, the system will attempt to provide the best range it can
- *                     for the given ambient conditions & device state. However, voluntarily
- *                     reducing the requested range can help improve battery life as well as can
- *                     improve quality by ensuring greater bit depth is allocated to the luminance
- *                     range in use.
+ *                     While requesting a large desired ratio will result in the most
+ *                     dynamic range, voluntarily reducing the requested range can help
+ *                     improve battery life as well as can improve quality by ensuring
+ *                     greater bit depth is allocated to the luminance range in use.
+ *
+ *                     Default value is 1.0f and indicates that extended range brightness
+ *                     is not being used, so the resulting SDR or HDR behavior will be
+ *                     determined entirely by the dataspace being used (ie, typically SDR
+ *                     however PQ or HLG transfer functions will still result in HDR)
  *
  *                     Must be finite && >= 1.0f
  *
diff --git a/include/ftl/algorithm.h b/include/ftl/algorithm.h
index c5ff03b..c0f6768 100644
--- a/include/ftl/algorithm.h
+++ b/include/ftl/algorithm.h
@@ -68,4 +68,29 @@
   return std::cref(pair.second);
 }
 
+// Combinator for ftl::Optional<T>::or_else when T is std::reference_wrapper<const V>. Given a
+// lambda argument that returns a `constexpr` value, ftl::static_ref<T> binds a reference to a
+// static T initialized to that constant.
+//
+//   const ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map(13, "tiramisu"sv)(14, "upside-down cake"sv);
+//   assert("???"sv ==
+//          map.get(20).or_else(ftl::static_ref<std::string_view>([] { return "???"sv; }))->get());
+//
+//   using Map = decltype(map);
+//
+//   assert("snow cone"sv ==
+//          ftl::find_if(map, [](const auto& pair) { return pair.second.front() == 's'; })
+//              .transform(ftl::to_mapped_ref<Map>)
+//              .or_else(ftl::static_ref<std::string_view>([] { return "snow cone"sv; }))
+//              ->get());
+//
+template <typename T, typename F>
+constexpr auto static_ref(F&& f) {
+  return [f = std::forward<F>(f)] {
+    constexpr auto kInitializer = f();
+    static const T kValue = kInitializer;
+    return Optional(std::cref(kValue));
+  };
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/ftl/flags.h b/include/ftl/flags.h
index cdb4e84..dbe3148 100644
--- a/include/ftl/flags.h
+++ b/include/ftl/flags.h
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
     }
 
     /* Tests whether any of the given flags are set */
-    bool any(Flags<F> f) const { return (mFlags & f.mFlags) != 0; }
+    bool any(Flags<F> f = ~Flags<F>()) const { return (mFlags & f.mFlags) != 0; }
 
     /* Tests whether all of the given flags are set */
     bool all(Flags<F> f) const { return (mFlags & f.mFlags) == f.mFlags; }
diff --git a/include/input/InputDevice.h b/include/input/InputDevice.h
index 66d3435..1a40fdb 100644
--- a/include/input/InputDevice.h
+++ b/include/input/InputDevice.h
@@ -212,6 +212,11 @@
     std::string languageTag;
     // The layout type such as QWERTY or AZERTY.
     std::string layoutType;
+
+    inline bool operator==(const KeyboardLayoutInfo& other) const {
+        return languageTag == other.languageTag && layoutType == other.layoutType;
+    }
+    inline bool operator!=(const KeyboardLayoutInfo& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
 };
 
 // The version of the Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol supported by the input device.
diff --git a/include/input/KeyCharacterMap.h b/include/input/KeyCharacterMap.h
index 9423041..b2e8baa 100644
--- a/include/input/KeyCharacterMap.h
+++ b/include/input/KeyCharacterMap.h
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
 #include <android-base/result.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/KeyedVector.h>
 #include <utils/Tokenizer.h>
 #include <utils/Unicode.h>
+#include <map>
 
 // Maximum number of keys supported by KeyCharacterMaps
 #define MAX_KEYS 8192
@@ -152,13 +152,9 @@
     void writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const;
 #endif
 
-    bool operator==(const KeyCharacterMap& other) const;
+    bool operator==(const KeyCharacterMap& other) const = default;
 
-    bool operator!=(const KeyCharacterMap& other) const;
-
-    KeyCharacterMap(const KeyCharacterMap& other);
-
-    virtual ~KeyCharacterMap();
+    KeyCharacterMap(const KeyCharacterMap& other) = default;
 
 private:
     struct Behavior {
@@ -173,17 +169,18 @@
 
         /* The replacement keycode if the key has to be replaced outright. */
         int32_t replacementKeyCode = 0;
+
+        bool operator==(const Behavior&) const = default;
     };
 
     struct Key {
-        Key();
-        Key(const Key& other);
+        bool operator==(const Key&) const = default;
 
         /* The single character label printed on the key, or 0 if none. */
-        char16_t label;
+        char16_t label = 0;
 
         /* The number or symbol character generated by the key, or 0 if none. */
-        char16_t number;
+        char16_t number = 0;
 
         /* The list of key behaviors sorted from most specific to least specific
          * meta key binding. */
@@ -218,7 +215,6 @@
 
     public:
         Parser(KeyCharacterMap* map, Tokenizer* tokenizer, Format format);
-        ~Parser();
         status_t parse();
 
     private:
@@ -232,8 +228,8 @@
         status_t parseCharacterLiteral(char16_t* outCharacter);
     };
 
-    KeyedVector<int32_t, Key*> mKeys;
-    KeyboardType mType;
+    std::map<int32_t, Key> mKeys;
+    KeyboardType mType = KeyboardType::UNKNOWN;
     std::string mLoadFileName;
     bool mLayoutOverlayApplied = false;
 
diff --git a/include/input/VirtualInputDevice.h b/include/input/VirtualInputDevice.h
index 13ffb58..21a2877 100644
--- a/include/input/VirtualInputDevice.h
+++ b/include/input/VirtualInputDevice.h
@@ -34,10 +34,12 @@
 
 protected:
     const android::base::unique_fd mFd;
-    bool writeInputEvent(uint16_t type, uint16_t code, int32_t value);
+    bool writeInputEvent(uint16_t type, uint16_t code, int32_t value,
+                         std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
     bool writeEvKeyEvent(int32_t androidCode, int32_t androidAction,
                          const std::map<int, int>& evKeyCodeMapping,
-                         const std::map<int, UinputAction>& actionMapping);
+                         const std::map<int, UinputAction>& actionMapping,
+                         std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
 };
 
 class VirtualKeyboard : public VirtualInputDevice {
@@ -47,7 +49,8 @@
     static const std::map<int, UinputAction> KEY_ACTION_MAPPING;
     VirtualKeyboard(android::base::unique_fd fd);
     virtual ~VirtualKeyboard() override;
-    bool writeKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction);
+    bool writeKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction,
+                       std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
 };
 
 class VirtualDpad : public VirtualInputDevice {
@@ -55,17 +58,20 @@
     static const std::map<int, int> DPAD_KEY_CODE_MAPPING;
     VirtualDpad(android::base::unique_fd fd);
     virtual ~VirtualDpad() override;
-    bool writeDpadKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction);
+    bool writeDpadKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction,
+                           std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
 };
 
 class VirtualMouse : public VirtualInputDevice {
 public:
     VirtualMouse(android::base::unique_fd fd);
     virtual ~VirtualMouse() override;
-    bool writeButtonEvent(int32_t androidButtonCode, int32_t androidAction);
+    bool writeButtonEvent(int32_t androidButtonCode, int32_t androidAction,
+                          std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
     // TODO(b/259554911): changing float parameters to int32_t.
-    bool writeRelativeEvent(float relativeX, float relativeY);
-    bool writeScrollEvent(float xAxisMovement, float yAxisMovement);
+    bool writeRelativeEvent(float relativeX, float relativeY, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
+    bool writeScrollEvent(float xAxisMovement, float yAxisMovement,
+                          std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
 
 private:
     static const std::map<int, UinputAction> BUTTON_ACTION_MAPPING;
@@ -78,7 +84,8 @@
     virtual ~VirtualTouchscreen() override;
     // TODO(b/259554911): changing float parameters to int32_t.
     bool writeTouchEvent(int32_t pointerId, int32_t toolType, int32_t action, float locationX,
-                         float locationY, float pressure, float majorAxisSize);
+                         float locationY, float pressure, float majorAxisSize,
+                         std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
 
 private:
     static const std::map<int, UinputAction> TOUCH_ACTION_MAPPING;
@@ -91,7 +98,7 @@
      */
     std::bitset<MAX_POINTERS> mActivePointers{};
     bool isValidPointerId(int32_t pointerId, UinputAction uinputAction);
-    bool handleTouchDown(int32_t pointerId);
-    bool handleTouchUp(int32_t pointerId);
+    bool handleTouchDown(int32_t pointerId, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
+    bool handleTouchUp(int32_t pointerId, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime);
 };
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp b/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp
index e45a656..aca5009 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp
@@ -75,6 +75,20 @@
     return DEAD_OBJECT;
 }
 
+status_t ActivityManager::registerUidObserverForUids(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer,
+                                                     const int32_t event, const int32_t cutpoint,
+                                                     const String16& callingPackage,
+                                                     const int32_t uids[], size_t nUids,
+                                                     /*out*/ sp<IBinder>& observerToken) {
+    sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
+    if (service != nullptr) {
+        return service->registerUidObserverForUids(observer, event, cutpoint, callingPackage, uids,
+                                                   nUids, observerToken);
+    }
+    // ActivityManagerService appears dead. Return usual error code for dead service.
+    return DEAD_OBJECT;
+}
+
 status_t ActivityManager::unregisterUidObserver(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer)
 {
     sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
@@ -85,6 +99,26 @@
     return DEAD_OBJECT;
 }
 
+status_t ActivityManager::addUidToObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken,
+                                           const String16& callingPackage, int32_t uid) {
+    sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
+    if (service != nullptr) {
+        return service->addUidToObserver(observerToken, callingPackage, uid);
+    }
+    // ActivityManagerService appears dead. Return usual error code for dead service.
+    return DEAD_OBJECT;
+}
+
+status_t ActivityManager::removeUidFromObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken,
+                                                const String16& callingPackage, int32_t uid) {
+    sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
+    if (service != nullptr) {
+        return service->removeUidFromObserver(observerToken, callingPackage, uid);
+    }
+    // ActivityManagerService appears dead. Return usual error code for dead service.
+    return DEAD_OBJECT;
+}
+
 bool ActivityManager::isUidActive(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage)
 {
     sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
diff --git a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
index 53852d8..8d9955d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 binder_proxy_limit_callback BpBinder::sLimitCallback;
 bool BpBinder::sBinderProxyThrottleCreate = false;
 
-static StaticString16 kDescriptorUninit(u"<uninit descriptor>");
+static StaticString16 kDescriptorUninit(u"");
 
 // Arbitrarily high value that probably distinguishes a bad behaving app
 uint32_t BpBinder::sBinderProxyCountHighWatermark = 2500;
diff --git a/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp b/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp
index ebdaa4c..84900a7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp
@@ -77,6 +77,30 @@
          return OK;
     }
 
+    virtual status_t registerUidObserverForUids(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer,
+                                                const int32_t event, const int32_t cutpoint,
+                                                const String16& callingPackage,
+                                                const int32_t uids[], size_t nUids,
+                                                /*out*/ sp<IBinder>& observerToken) {
+         Parcel data, reply;
+         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+         data.writeStrongBinder(IInterface::asBinder(observer));
+         data.writeInt32(event);
+         data.writeInt32(cutpoint);
+         data.writeString16(callingPackage);
+         data.writeInt32Array(nUids, uids);
+         status_t err =
+                 remote()->transact(REGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_FOR_UIDS_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
+         if (err != NO_ERROR || ((err = reply.readExceptionCode()) != NO_ERROR)) {
+             return err;
+         }
+         err = reply.readStrongBinder(&observerToken);
+         if (err != NO_ERROR || ((err = reply.readExceptionCode()) != NO_ERROR)) {
+             return err;
+         }
+         return OK;
+    }
+
     virtual status_t unregisterUidObserver(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer)
     {
          Parcel data, reply;
@@ -89,6 +113,34 @@
          return OK;
     }
 
+    virtual status_t addUidToObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken,
+                                      const String16& callingPackage, int32_t uid) {
+         Parcel data, reply;
+         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+         data.writeStrongBinder(observerToken);
+         data.writeString16(callingPackage);
+         data.writeInt32(uid);
+         status_t err = remote()->transact(ADD_UID_TO_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
+         if (err != NO_ERROR || ((err = reply.readExceptionCode()) != NO_ERROR)) {
+             return err;
+         }
+         return OK;
+    }
+
+    virtual status_t removeUidFromObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken,
+                                           const String16& callingPackage, int32_t uid) {
+         Parcel data, reply;
+         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+         data.writeStrongBinder(observerToken);
+         data.writeString16(callingPackage);
+         data.writeInt32(uid);
+         status_t err = remote()->transact(REMOVE_UID_FROM_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
+         if (err != NO_ERROR || ((err = reply.readExceptionCode()) != NO_ERROR)) {
+             return err;
+         }
+         return OK;
+    }
+
     virtual bool isUidActive(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage)
     {
          Parcel data, reply;
diff --git a/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp b/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp
index d952dc7..1c35f53 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp
@@ -67,9 +67,10 @@
         remote()->transact(ON_UID_STATE_CHANGED_TRANSACTION, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
     }
 
-    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid) {
+    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid, int32_t adj) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInt32((int32_t)uid);
+        data.writeInt32((int32_t)adj);
         remote()->transact(ON_UID_PROC_ADJ_CHANGED_TRANSACTION, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
     }
 };
@@ -121,7 +122,8 @@
         case ON_UID_PROC_ADJ_CHANGED_TRANSACTION: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IUidObserver, data, reply);
             uid_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            onUidProcAdjChanged(uid);
+            int32_t adj = data.readInt32();
+            onUidProcAdjChanged(uid, adj);
             return NO_ERROR;
         } break;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
index ed3ce24..03fa699 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@
                                           transactionData.size() -
                                                   offsetof(RpcWireTransaction, data)};
         Span<const uint32_t> objectTableSpan;
-        if (session->getProtocolVersion().value() >
+        if (session->getProtocolVersion().value() >=
             RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_RPC_HEADER_FEATURE_EXPLICIT_PARCEL_SIZE) {
             std::optional<Span<const uint8_t>> objectTableBytes =
                     parcelSpan.splitOff(transaction->parcelDataSize);
diff --git a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
index 41707d4..0e8e187 100644
--- a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -92,12 +92,6 @@
       "name": "binderRpcTest"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CtsRootRollbackManagerHostTestCases"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "StagedRollbackTest"
-    },
-    {
       "name": "binderRpcTestNoKernel"
     },
     {
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
index a323feb..cb64603 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/RpcSession.h
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 class RpcTransport;
 class FdTrigger;
 
-constexpr uint32_t RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NEXT = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NEXT = 2;
 constexpr uint32_t RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL = 0xF0000000;
-constexpr uint32_t RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION = RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL;
+constexpr uint32_t RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 1;
 
 // Starting with this version:
 //
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/ActivityManager.h b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/ActivityManager.h
index 5dfbd44..9c634c7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/ActivityManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/ActivityManager.h
@@ -82,7 +82,15 @@
                              const int32_t event,
                              const int32_t cutpoint,
                              const String16& callingPackage);
+    status_t registerUidObserverForUids(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer, const int32_t event,
+                                        const int32_t cutpoint, const String16& callingPackage,
+                                        const int32_t uids[], size_t nUids,
+                                        /*out*/ sp<IBinder>& observerToken);
     status_t unregisterUidObserver(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer);
+    status_t addUidToObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken, const String16& callingPackage,
+                              int32_t uid);
+    status_t removeUidFromObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken, const String16& callingPackage,
+                                   int32_t uid);
     bool isUidActive(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage);
     int getUidProcessState(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage);
     status_t checkPermission(const String16& permission, const pid_t pid, const uid_t uid, int32_t* outResult);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IActivityManager.h b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IActivityManager.h
index 20d12ae..07450c6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IActivityManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IActivityManager.h
@@ -35,7 +35,16 @@
                                      const int32_t event,
                                      const int32_t cutpoint,
                                      const String16& callingPackage) = 0;
+    virtual status_t registerUidObserverForUids(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer,
+                                                const int32_t event, const int32_t cutpoint,
+                                                const String16& callingPackage,
+                                                const int32_t uids[], size_t nUids,
+                                                /*out*/ sp<IBinder>& observerToken) = 0;
     virtual status_t unregisterUidObserver(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer) = 0;
+    virtual status_t addUidToObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken,
+                                      const String16& callingPackage, int32_t uid) = 0;
+    virtual status_t removeUidFromObserver(const sp<IBinder>& observerToken,
+                                           const String16& callingPackage, int32_t uid) = 0;
     virtual bool isUidActive(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage) = 0;
     virtual int32_t getUidProcessState(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage) = 0;
     virtual status_t checkPermission(const String16& permission,
@@ -51,6 +60,9 @@
         OPEN_CONTENT_URI_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
         REGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION,
         UNREGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION,
+        REGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_FOR_UIDS_TRANSACTION,
+        ADD_UID_TO_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION,
+        REMOVE_UID_FROM_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION,
         IS_UID_ACTIVE_TRANSACTION,
         GET_UID_PROCESS_STATE_TRANSACTION,
         CHECK_PERMISSION_TRANSACTION,
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h
index 17f03a9..5ea7447 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     virtual void onUidIdle(uid_t uid, bool disabled) = 0;
     virtual void onUidStateChanged(uid_t uid, int32_t procState, int64_t procStateSeq,
                                    int32_t capability) = 0;
-    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid) = 0;
+    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid, int32_t adj) = 0;
 
     enum {
         ON_UID_GONE_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcWireProtocolTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcWireProtocolTest.cpp
index 3dab2c7..642cea4 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcWireProtocolTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcWireProtocolTest.cpp
@@ -237,14 +237,25 @@
     checkRepr(kCurrentRepr, 0);
 }
 
+TEST(RpcWire, V1) {
+    checkRepr(kCurrentRepr, 1);
+}
+
 TEST(RpcWire, CurrentVersion) {
     checkRepr(kCurrentRepr, RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION);
 }
 
-static_assert(RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION == RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL,
+static_assert(RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION == 1,
               "If the binder wire protocol is updated, this test should test additional versions. "
               "The binder wire protocol should only be updated on upstream AOSP.");
 
+TEST(RpcWire, NextIsPlusOneReminder) {
+    if (RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION != RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION + 1, RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NEXT)
+                << "Make sure to note what the next version should be.";
+    }
+}
+
 TEST(RpcWire, ReleaseBranchHasFrozenRpcWireProtocol) {
     if (RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION == RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL) {
         EXPECT_FALSE(base::GetProperty("ro.build.version.codename", "") == "REL")
diff --git a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
index 97cb810..5eb3308 100644
--- a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
+++ b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@
         "android.hardware.audio@7.0::IDevicesFactory",
         "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@1.0::IAudioControl",
         "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@2.0::IAudioControl",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanBus",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanController",
         "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0::IEvsCamera",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.sv@1.0::ISurroundViewService",
         "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::IVehicle",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0::IBiometricsFace",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.fingerprint@2.1::IBiometricsFingerprint",
@@ -87,7 +90,12 @@
 /* list of hal interface to dump containing process during native dumps */
 static const std::vector<std::string> aidl_interfaces_to_dump {
         "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol.IAudioControl",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.can.ICanController",
         "android.hardware.automotive.evs.IEvsEnumerator",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.ivn.IIvnAndroidDevice",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.occupant_awareness.IOccupantAwareness",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.remoteaccess.IRemoteAccess",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.IVehicle",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.face.IBiometricsFace",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.fingerprint.IBiometricsFingerprint",
         "android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider",
diff --git a/libs/ftl/algorithm_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/algorithm_test.cpp
index 8052caf..487b1b8 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/algorithm_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/algorithm_test.cpp
@@ -47,4 +47,20 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(opt->get(), ftl::StaticVector("tiramisu"sv));
 }
 
+TEST(Algorithm, StaticRef) {
+  using namespace std::string_view_literals;
+
+  const ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map(13, "tiramisu"sv)(14, "upside-down cake"sv);
+  ASSERT_EQ("???"sv,
+            map.get(20).or_else(ftl::static_ref<std::string_view>([] { return "???"sv; }))->get());
+
+  using Map = decltype(map);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("snow cone"sv,
+            ftl::find_if(map, [](const auto& pair) { return pair.second.front() == 's'; })
+                .transform(ftl::to_mapped_ref<Map>)
+                .or_else(ftl::static_ref<std::string_view>([] { return "snow cone"sv; }))
+                ->get());
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/flags_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/flags_test.cpp
index eea052b..1279d11 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/flags_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/flags_test.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 TEST(Flags, Any) {
     Flags<TestFlags> flags = TestFlags::ONE | TestFlags::TWO;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(flags.any());
     ASSERT_TRUE(flags.any(TestFlags::ONE));
     ASSERT_TRUE(flags.any(TestFlags::TWO));
     ASSERT_FALSE(flags.any(TestFlags::THREE));
@@ -42,6 +43,9 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(flags.any(TestFlags::TWO | TestFlags::THREE));
     ASSERT_TRUE(flags.any(TestFlags::ONE | TestFlags::THREE));
     ASSERT_TRUE(flags.any(TestFlags::ONE | TestFlags::TWO | TestFlags::THREE));
+
+    Flags<TestFlags> emptyFlags;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(emptyFlags.any());
 }
 
 TEST(Flags, All) {
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
index c480056..5fbae3c 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
@@ -433,61 +433,24 @@
     return (mUseAngle == YES) ? true : false;
 }
 
-bool GraphicsEnv::angleIsSystemDriver() {
-    // Make sure we are init'ed
-    if (mAngleAppName.empty()) {
-        ALOGV("App name is empty. setAngleInfo() has not been called to enable ANGLE.");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return (mAngleIsSystemDriver == YES) ? true : false;
-}
-
-bool GraphicsEnv::shouldForceLegacyDriver() {
-    // Make sure we are init'ed
-    if (mAngleAppName.empty()) {
-        ALOGV("App name is empty. setAngleInfo() has not been called to enable ANGLE.");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return (mAngleIsSystemDriver == YES && mUseAngle == NO) ? true : false;
-}
-
-std::string GraphicsEnv::getLegacySuffix() {
-    return mLegacyDriverSuffix;
-}
-
 void GraphicsEnv::updateUseAngle() {
-    mUseAngle = NO;
-
     const char* ANGLE_PREFER_ANGLE = "angle";
-    const char* ANGLE_PREFER_LEGACY = "legacy";
-    // The following is a deprecated version of "legacy"
     const char* ANGLE_PREFER_NATIVE = "native";
 
     mUseAngle = NO;
     if (mAngleDeveloperOptIn == ANGLE_PREFER_ANGLE) {
-        ALOGI("Using ANGLE, the %s GLES driver for package '%s'",
-              mAngleIsSystemDriver == YES ? "system" : "optional", mAngleAppName.c_str());
+        ALOGV("User set \"Developer Options\" to force the use of ANGLE");
         mUseAngle = YES;
-    } else if (mAngleDeveloperOptIn == ANGLE_PREFER_LEGACY ||
-               mAngleDeveloperOptIn == ANGLE_PREFER_NATIVE) {
-        ALOGI("Using the (%s) Legacy GLES driver for package '%s'",
-              mAngleIsSystemDriver == YES ? "optional" : "system", mAngleAppName.c_str());
+    } else if (mAngleDeveloperOptIn == ANGLE_PREFER_NATIVE) {
+        ALOGV("User set \"Developer Options\" to force the use of Native");
     } else {
         ALOGV("User set invalid \"Developer Options\": '%s'", mAngleDeveloperOptIn.c_str());
     }
 }
 
 void GraphicsEnv::setAngleInfo(const std::string path, const std::string appName,
-                               const bool angleIsSystemDriver, const std::string developerOptIn,
+                               const std::string developerOptIn,
                                const std::vector<std::string> eglFeatures) {
-    // Set whether ANGLE is the system driver:
-    mAngleIsSystemDriver = angleIsSystemDriver ? YES : NO;
-
-    // Note: Given the current logic and lack of the old rules file processing,
-    // there seems to be little chance that mUseAngle != UNKNOWN.  Leave this
-    // for now, even though it seems outdated.
     if (mUseAngle != UNKNOWN) {
         // We've already figured out an answer for this app, so just return.
         ALOGV("Already evaluated the rules file for '%s': use ANGLE = %s", appName.c_str(),
@@ -508,25 +471,6 @@
     updateUseAngle();
 }
 
-void GraphicsEnv::setLegacyDriverInfo(const std::string appName, const bool angleIsSystemDriver,
-                                      const std::string legacyDriverName) {
-    ALOGV("setting legacy app name to '%s'", appName.c_str());
-    mAngleAppName = appName;
-
-    // Force the use of the legacy driver instead of ANGLE
-    const char* ANGLE_PREFER_LEGACY = "legacy";
-    mAngleDeveloperOptIn = ANGLE_PREFER_LEGACY;
-    ALOGV("setting ANGLE application opt-in to 'legacy'");
-
-    // Set whether ANGLE is the system driver:
-    mAngleIsSystemDriver = angleIsSystemDriver ? YES : NO;
-
-    mLegacyDriverSuffix = legacyDriverName;
-
-    // Update the current status of whether we should use ANGLE or not
-    updateUseAngle();
-}
-
 void GraphicsEnv::setLayerPaths(NativeLoaderNamespace* appNamespace, const std::string layerPaths) {
     if (mLayerPaths.empty()) {
         mLayerPaths = layerPaths;
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h
index 1274c46..f9b234a 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h
@@ -100,28 +100,17 @@
     bool shouldUseAngle(std::string appName);
     // Check if this app process should use ANGLE.
     bool shouldUseAngle();
-    // If ANGLE is the system GLES driver
-    bool angleIsSystemDriver();
-    // If should use legacy driver instead of a system ANGLE driver
-    bool shouldForceLegacyDriver();
     // Set a search path for loading ANGLE libraries. The path is a list of
     // directories separated by ':'. A directory can be contained in a zip file
     // (libraries must be stored uncompressed and page aligned); such elements
     // in the search path must have a '!' after the zip filename, e.g.
     //     /system/app/ANGLEPrebuilt/ANGLEPrebuilt.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a
-    void setAngleInfo(const std::string path, const std::string appName,
-                      const bool angleIsSystemDriver, std::string devOptIn,
+    void setAngleInfo(const std::string path, const std::string appName, std::string devOptIn,
                       const std::vector<std::string> eglFeatures);
-    // Set the state so that the legacy driver will be used, and in case ANGLE
-    // is the system driver, provide the name of the legacy driver.
-    void setLegacyDriverInfo(const std::string appName, const bool angleIsSystemDriver,
-                             const std::string legacyDriverName);
     // Get the ANGLE driver namespace.
     android_namespace_t* getAngleNamespace();
     // Get the app name for ANGLE debug message.
     std::string& getAngleAppName();
-    // Get the legacy driver's suffix name.
-    std::string getLegacySuffix();
 
     const std::vector<std::string>& getAngleEglFeatures();
 
@@ -178,10 +167,6 @@
     std::string mAngleDeveloperOptIn;
     // ANGLE EGL features;
     std::vector<std::string> mAngleEglFeatures;
-    // ANGLE is System Driver flag.
-    UseAngle mAngleIsSystemDriver = UNKNOWN;
-    // Legacy driver name to use when ANGLE is the system driver.
-    std::string mLegacyDriverSuffix;
     // Use ANGLE flag.
     UseAngle mUseAngle = UNKNOWN;
     // Vulkan debug layers libs.
diff --git a/libs/gui/Android.bp b/libs/gui/Android.bp
index 21900a0..33bb343 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/Android.bp
@@ -66,6 +66,19 @@
     ],
 }
 
+filegroup {
+    name: "android_gui_aidl",
+    srcs: [
+        "android/gui/DisplayInfo.aidl",
+        "android/gui/FocusRequest.aidl",
+        "android/gui/InputApplicationInfo.aidl",
+        "android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl",
+        "android/gui/IWindowInfosReportedListener.aidl",
+        "android/gui/WindowInfo.aidl",
+        "android/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.aidl",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libgui_window_info_static",
     vendor_available: true,
@@ -78,9 +91,11 @@
         "android/gui/InputApplicationInfo.aidl",
         "android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl",
         "android/gui/IWindowInfosReportedListener.aidl",
+        "android/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.aidl",
         "android/gui/WindowInfo.aidl",
         "DisplayInfo.cpp",
         "WindowInfo.cpp",
+        "WindowInfosUpdate.cpp",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
@@ -118,6 +133,9 @@
     name: "libgui_aidl",
     srcs: ["aidl/**/*.aidl"],
     path: "aidl/",
+    aidl: {
+        deps: [":android_gui_aidl"],
+    },
 }
 
 filegroup {
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueueConsumer.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueueConsumer.cpp
index 7f7a043..5217209 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueueConsumer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueueConsumer.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <gui/BufferQueueCore.h>
 #include <gui/IConsumerListener.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
+#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 
 #include <private/gui/BufferQueueThreadState.h>
 #ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
@@ -646,7 +647,7 @@
 
 status_t BufferQueueConsumer::setMaxAcquiredBufferCount(
         int maxAcquiredBuffers) {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("%s(%d)", __func__, maxAcquiredBuffers);
 
     if (maxAcquiredBuffers < 1 ||
             maxAcquiredBuffers > BufferQueueCore::MAX_MAX_ACQUIRED_BUFFERS) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
index 9eb1a9f..9a2343b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <gui/GLConsumer.h>
 #include <gui/IConsumerListener.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
+#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 #include <private/gui/BufferQueueThreadState.h>
 
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@
 
 status_t BufferQueueProducer::setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(int maxDequeuedBuffers,
                                                         int* maxBufferCount) {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("%s(%d)", __func__, maxDequeuedBuffers);
     BQ_LOGV("setMaxDequeuedBufferCount: maxDequeuedBuffers = %d",
             maxDequeuedBuffers);
 
@@ -502,6 +503,20 @@
         if ((buffer == nullptr) ||
                 buffer->needsReallocation(width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage))
         {
+            if (CC_UNLIKELY(ATRACE_ENABLED())) {
+                if (buffer == nullptr) {
+                    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s buffer reallocation: null", mConsumerName.string());
+                } else {
+                    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s buffer reallocation actual %dx%d format:%d "
+                                          "layerCount:%d "
+                                          "usage:%d requested: %dx%d format:%d layerCount:%d "
+                                          "usage:%d ",
+                                          mConsumerName.string(), width, height, format,
+                                          BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage, buffer->getWidth(),
+                                          buffer->getHeight(), buffer->getPixelFormat(),
+                                          buffer->getLayerCount(), buffer->getUsage());
+                }
+            }
             mSlots[found].mAcquireCalled = false;
             mSlots[found].mGraphicBuffer = nullptr;
             mSlots[found].mRequestBufferCalled = false;
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index fee91a4..2322b70 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -897,11 +897,11 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output->writeInt32, static_cast<int32_t>(dataspace));
     SAFE_PARCEL(output->writeBool, allowProtected);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output->writeBool, grayscale);
-
     SAFE_PARCEL(output->writeInt32, excludeHandles.size());
     for (auto& excludeHandle : excludeHandles) {
         SAFE_PARCEL(output->writeStrongBinder, excludeHandle);
     }
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output->writeBool, hintForSeamlessTransition);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -918,7 +918,6 @@
     dataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(value);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input->readBool, &allowProtected);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input->readBool, &grayscale);
-
     int32_t numExcludeHandles = 0;
     SAFE_PARCEL_READ_SIZE(input->readInt32, &numExcludeHandles, input->dataSize());
     excludeHandles.reserve(numExcludeHandles);
@@ -927,6 +926,7 @@
         SAFE_PARCEL(input->readStrongBinder, &binder);
         excludeHandles.emplace(binder);
     }
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input->readBool, &hintForSeamlessTransition);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 7700aa4..eb5cc4f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::releaseBufferIfOverwriting(const layer_state_t& state) {
-    if (!(state.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)) {
+    if (!(state.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) || !state.bufferData->hasBuffer()) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1642,28 +1642,25 @@
 
     releaseBufferIfOverwriting(*s);
 
-    if (buffer == nullptr) {
-        s->what &= ~layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
-        s->bufferData = nullptr;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
     std::shared_ptr<BufferData> bufferData = std::make_shared<BufferData>();
     bufferData->buffer = buffer;
-    uint64_t frameNumber = sc->resolveFrameNumber(optFrameNumber);
-    bufferData->frameNumber = frameNumber;
-    bufferData->producerId = producerId;
-    bufferData->flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
-    if (fence) {
-        bufferData->acquireFence = *fence;
-        bufferData->flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+    if (buffer) {
+        uint64_t frameNumber = sc->resolveFrameNumber(optFrameNumber);
+        bufferData->frameNumber = frameNumber;
+        bufferData->producerId = producerId;
+        bufferData->flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        if (fence) {
+            bufferData->acquireFence = *fence;
+            bufferData->flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        }
+        bufferData->releaseBufferEndpoint =
+                IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+        setReleaseBufferCallback(bufferData.get(), callback);
     }
-    bufferData->releaseBufferEndpoint =
-            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+
     if (mIsAutoTimestamp) {
         mDesiredPresentTime = systemTime();
     }
-    setReleaseBufferCallback(bufferData.get(), callback);
     s->what |= layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
     s->bufferData = std::move(bufferData);
     registerSurfaceControlForCallback(sc);
@@ -1684,6 +1681,25 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::unsetBuffer(
+        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc) {
+    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
+    if (!s) {
+        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    if (!(s->what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)) {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    releaseBufferIfOverwriting(*s);
+
+    s->what &= ~layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
+    s->bufferData = nullptr;
+    return *this;
+}
+
 void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setReleaseBufferCallback(BufferData* bufferData,
                                                                   ReleaseBufferCallback callback) {
     if (!callback) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp b/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp
index 76c60c2..8e00c2f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 namespace android::gui {
 
-static_assert(VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength == 7,
-              "Must update value in DisplayEventReceiver.java#FRAME_TIMELINES_LENGTH (and here)");
+static_assert(VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity == 7,
+              "Must update value in DisplayEventReceiver.java#FRAME_TIMELINES_CAPACITY (and here)");
 
 int64_t VsyncEventData::preferredVsyncId() const {
     return frameTimelines[preferredFrameTimelineIndex].vsyncId;
@@ -46,11 +46,15 @@
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameInterval);
 
-    uint64_t uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex;
-    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint64, &uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex);
+    uint32_t uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint32, &uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex);
     vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = static_cast<size_t>(uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    uint32_t uintFrameTimelinesLength;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint32, &uintFrameTimelinesLength);
+    vsync.frameTimelinesLength = static_cast<size_t>(uintFrameTimelinesLength);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsync.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameTimelines[i].expectedPresentationTime);
@@ -60,8 +64,9 @@
 }
 status_t ParcelableVsyncEventData::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameInterval);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint64, vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, vsync.frameTimelinesLength);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsync.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameTimelines[i].expectedPresentationTime);
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
index 2b34a0f..76e7b6e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/AidlStatusUtil.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h>
+#include "gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status WindowInfosListenerReporter::onWindowInfosChanged(
-        const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos, const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos,
+        const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update,
         const sp<IWindowInfosReportedListener>& windowInfosReportedListener) {
     std::unordered_set<sp<WindowInfosListener>, gui::SpHash<WindowInfosListener>>
             windowInfosListeners;
@@ -95,12 +96,12 @@
             windowInfosListeners.insert(listener);
         }
 
-        mLastWindowInfos = windowInfos;
-        mLastDisplayInfos = displayInfos;
+        mLastWindowInfos = update.windowInfos;
+        mLastDisplayInfos = update.displayInfos;
     }
 
     for (auto listener : windowInfosListeners) {
-        listener->onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos);
+        listener->onWindowInfosChanged(update);
     }
 
     if (windowInfosReportedListener) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38ae5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h>
+#include <private/gui/ParcelUtils.h>
+
+namespace android::gui {
+
+status_t WindowInfosUpdate::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t size;
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint32, &size);
+    windowInfos.reserve(size);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        windowInfos.push_back({});
+        SAFE_PARCEL(windowInfos.back().readFromParcel, parcel);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint32, &size);
+    displayInfos.reserve(size);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        displayInfos.push_back({});
+        SAFE_PARCEL(displayInfos.back().readFromParcel, parcel);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsyncId);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &timestamp);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t WindowInfosUpdate::writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(windowInfos.size()));
+    for (auto& windowInfo : windowInfos) {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(windowInfo.writeToParcel, parcel);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(displayInfos.size()));
+    for (auto& displayInfo : displayInfos) {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(displayInfo.writeToParcel, parcel);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsyncId);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, timestamp);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
index aa58e2e..ec3266c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
@@ -230,6 +230,10 @@
      */
     void captureDisplay(in DisplayCaptureArgs args, IScreenCaptureListener listener);
 
+    /**
+     * Capture the specified screen. This requires the READ_FRAME_BUFFER
+     * permission.
+     */
     void captureDisplayById(long displayId, IScreenCaptureListener listener);
 
     /**
diff --git a/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl b/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl
index a5b2762..400229d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl
@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@
 
 package android.gui;
 
-import android.gui.DisplayInfo;
 import android.gui.IWindowInfosReportedListener;
-import android.gui.WindowInfo;
+import android.gui.WindowInfosUpdate;
 
 /** @hide */
-oneway interface IWindowInfosListener
-{
-    void onWindowInfosChanged(in WindowInfo[] windowInfos, in DisplayInfo[] displayInfos, in @nullable IWindowInfosReportedListener windowInfosReportedListener);
+oneway interface IWindowInfosListener {
+    void onWindowInfosChanged(
+        in WindowInfosUpdate update, in @nullable IWindowInfosReportedListener windowInfosReportedListener);
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/android/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.aidl b/libs/gui/android/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c6109d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/android/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+** Copyright 2023, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.gui;
+
+import android.gui.DisplayInfo;
+import android.gui.WindowInfo;
+
+parcelable WindowInfosUpdate cpp_header "gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h";
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
index 6d5ae49..6e4f074 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
             event.vsync.count = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
             event.vsync.vsyncData.frameInterval = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
             event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < gui::VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; ++idx) {
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < gui::VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity; ++idx) {
                 event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelines[idx].vsyncId = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
                 event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelines[idx].deadlineTimestamp =
                         fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayCaptureArgs.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayCaptureArgs.h
index 5c794ae..2676e0a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayCaptureArgs.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayCaptureArgs.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     bool captureSecureLayers{false};
     int32_t uid{UNSET_UID};
     // Force capture to be in a color space. If the value is ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, the captured
-    // result will be in the display's colorspace.
+    // result will be in a colorspace appropriate for capturing the display contents
     // The display may use non-RGB dataspace (ex. displayP3) that could cause pixel data could be
     // different from SRGB (byte per color), and failed when checking colors in tests.
     // NOTE: In normal cases, we want the screen to be captured in display's colorspace.
@@ -59,6 +59,15 @@
 
     std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, SpHash<IBinder>> excludeHandles;
 
+    // Hint that the caller will use the screenshot animation as part of a transition animation.
+    // The canonical example would be screen rotation - in such a case any color shift in the
+    // screenshot is a detractor so composition in the display's colorspace is required.
+    // Otherwise, the system may choose a colorspace that is more appropriate for use-cases
+    // such as file encoding or for blending HDR content into an ap's UI, where the display's
+    // exact colorspace is not an appropriate intermediate result.
+    // Note that if the caller is requesting a specific dataspace, this hint does nothing.
+    bool hintForSeamlessTransition = false;
+
     virtual status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* output) const;
     virtual status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* input);
 };
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 5c88a07..a6f503e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -233,9 +233,10 @@
 
     // Geometry updates.
     static constexpr uint64_t GEOMETRY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCropChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged | layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged |
-            layer_state_t::ePositionChanged | layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eCropChanged | layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged | layer_state_t::ePositionChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged |
             layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged;
 
     // Buffer and related updates.
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index d431b43..945b164 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -541,6 +541,7 @@
                                const std::optional<sp<Fence>>& fence = std::nullopt,
                                const std::optional<uint64_t>& frameNumber = std::nullopt,
                                uint32_t producerId = 0, ReleaseBufferCallback callback = nullptr);
+        Transaction& unsetBuffer(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
         std::shared_ptr<BufferData> getAndClearBuffer(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
 
         /**
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h
index dfdae21..b40a840 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 // Plain Old Data (POD) vsync data structure. For example, it can be easily used in the
 // DisplayEventReceiver::Event union.
 struct VsyncEventData {
-    // Max amount of frame timelines is arbitrarily set to be reasonable.
-    static constexpr int64_t kFrameTimelinesLength = 7;
+    // Max capacity of frame timelines is arbitrarily set to be reasonable.
+    static constexpr int64_t kFrameTimelinesCapacity = 7;
 
     // The current frame interval in ns when this frame was scheduled.
     int64_t frameInterval;
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
     // Index into the frameTimelines that represents the platform's preferred frame timeline.
     uint32_t preferredFrameTimelineIndex;
 
+    // Size of frame timelines provided by the platform; max is kFrameTimelinesCapacity.
+    uint32_t frameTimelinesLength;
+
     struct alignas(8) FrameTimeline {
         // The Vsync Id corresponsing to this vsync event. This will be used to
         // populate ISurfaceComposer::setFrameTimelineVsync and
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@
 
         // The anticipated Vsync presentation time in nanos.
         int64_t expectedPresentationTime;
-    } frameTimelines[kFrameTimelinesLength]; // Sorted possible frame timelines.
+    } frameTimelines[kFrameTimelinesCapacity]; // Sorted possible frame timelines.
 
     // Gets the preferred frame timeline's vsync ID.
     int64_t preferredVsyncId() const;
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h
index a18a498..02c8eb5 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h
@@ -16,15 +16,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
-#include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 namespace android::gui {
 
 class WindowInfosListener : public virtual RefBase {
 public:
-    virtual void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>&,
-                                      const std::vector<DisplayInfo>&) = 0;
+    virtual void onWindowInfosChanged(const WindowInfosUpdate& update) = 0;
 };
-} // namespace android::gui
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h
index 2754442..38cb108 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <gui/SpHash.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfosListener.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -29,8 +30,7 @@
 class WindowInfosListenerReporter : public gui::BnWindowInfosListener {
 public:
     static sp<WindowInfosListenerReporter> getInstance();
-    binder::Status onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>&,
-                                        const std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo>&,
+    binder::Status onWindowInfosChanged(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update,
                                         const sp<gui::IWindowInfosReportedListener>&) override;
     status_t addWindowInfosListener(
             const sp<gui::WindowInfosListener>& windowInfosListener,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ca59fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+#include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
+
+namespace android::gui {
+
+struct WindowInfosUpdate : public Parcelable {
+    WindowInfosUpdate() {}
+
+    WindowInfosUpdate(std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos, std::vector<DisplayInfo> displayInfos,
+                      int64_t vsyncId, int64_t timestamp)
+          : windowInfos(std::move(windowInfos)),
+            displayInfos(std::move(displayInfos)),
+            vsyncId(vsyncId),
+            timestamp(timestamp) {}
+
+    std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos;
+    std::vector<DisplayInfo> displayInfos;
+    int64_t vsyncId;
+    int64_t timestamp;
+
+    status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel*) const override;
+    status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel*) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h
index 08785b4..1c900e9 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/test/CallbackUtils.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
     enum Buffer {
         NOT_ACQUIRED = 0,
         ACQUIRED,
+        ACQUIRED_NULL,
     };
 
     enum PreviousBuffer {
@@ -133,17 +134,28 @@
               : mBufferResult(bufferResult), mPreviousBufferResult(previousBufferResult) {}
 
         void verifySurfaceControlStats(const SurfaceControlStats& surfaceControlStats,
-                                       nsecs_t latchTime) const {
+                                       nsecs_t /* latchTime */) const {
             const auto& [surfaceControl, latch, acquireTimeOrFence, presentFence,
                          previousReleaseFence, transformHint, frameEvents, ignore] =
-                surfaceControlStats;
+                    surfaceControlStats;
 
-            ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<nsecs_t>(acquireTimeOrFence));
-            ASSERT_EQ(std::get<nsecs_t>(acquireTimeOrFence) > 0,
-                      mBufferResult == ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED)
-                    << "bad acquire time";
-            ASSERT_LE(std::get<nsecs_t>(acquireTimeOrFence), latchTime)
-                    << "acquire time should be <= latch time";
+            nsecs_t acquireTime = -1;
+            if (std::holds_alternative<nsecs_t>(acquireTimeOrFence)) {
+                acquireTime = std::get<nsecs_t>(acquireTimeOrFence);
+            } else {
+                auto fence = std::get<sp<Fence>>(acquireTimeOrFence);
+                if (fence) {
+                    ASSERT_EQ(fence->wait(3000), NO_ERROR);
+                    acquireTime = fence->getSignalTime();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (mBufferResult == ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED) {
+                ASSERT_GT(acquireTime, 0) << "acquire time should be valid";
+            } else {
+                ASSERT_LE(acquireTime, 0) << "acquire time should not be valid";
+            }
+            ASSERT_EQ(acquireTime > 0, mBufferResult == ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED);
 
             if (mPreviousBufferResult == ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::RELEASED) {
                 ASSERT_NE(previousReleaseFence, nullptr)
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
index da88463..3949d70 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, count, 0);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameInterval, 8);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex, 16);
+    CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelinesLength, 20);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelines, 24);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelines[0].vsyncId, 24);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp,
@@ -44,16 +45,16 @@
     // Also test the offsets of the last frame timeline. A loop is not used because the non-const
     // index cannot be used in static_assert.
     const int lastFrameTimelineOffset = /* Start of array */ 24 +
-            (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1) * /* Size of FrameTimeline */ 24;
+            (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1) * /* Size of FrameTimeline */ 24;
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync,
-                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1].vsyncId,
+                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1].vsyncId,
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync,
-                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1]
+                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1]
                          .deadlineTimestamp,
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset + 8);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync,
-                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1]
+                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1]
                          .expectedPresentationTime,
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset + 16);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp
index f114522..a2138f2 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     FrameTimeline timeline1 = FrameTimeline{4, 5, 6};
     data.vsync.frameTimelines[0] = timeline0;
     data.vsync.frameTimelines[1] = timeline1;
+    data.vsync.frameTimelinesLength = 2;
 
     Parcel p;
     data.writeToParcel(&p);
@@ -45,7 +46,8 @@
     data2.readFromParcel(&p);
     ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameInterval, data2.vsync.frameInterval);
     ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex, data2.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameTimelinesLength, data2.vsync.frameTimelinesLength);
+    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity; i++) {
         ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId, data2.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp,
                   data2.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp);
diff --git a/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp b/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp
index 136a560..12c9e53 100644
--- a/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp
@@ -85,63 +85,7 @@
 
 // --- KeyCharacterMap ---
 
-KeyCharacterMap::KeyCharacterMap(const std::string& filename)
-      : mType(KeyboardType::UNKNOWN), mLoadFileName(filename) {}
-
-KeyCharacterMap::KeyCharacterMap(const KeyCharacterMap& other)
-      : mType(other.mType),
-        mLoadFileName(other.mLoadFileName),
-        mLayoutOverlayApplied(other.mLayoutOverlayApplied),
-        mKeyRemapping(other.mKeyRemapping),
-        mKeysByScanCode(other.mKeysByScanCode),
-        mKeysByUsageCode(other.mKeysByUsageCode) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < other.mKeys.size(); i++) {
-        mKeys.add(other.mKeys.keyAt(i), new Key(*other.mKeys.valueAt(i)));
-    }
-}
-
-KeyCharacterMap::~KeyCharacterMap() {
-    clear();
-}
-
-bool KeyCharacterMap::operator==(const KeyCharacterMap& other) const {
-    if (mType != other.mType) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (mLoadFileName != other.mLoadFileName) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (mLayoutOverlayApplied != other.mLayoutOverlayApplied) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (mKeys.size() != other.mKeys.size() || mKeyRemapping.size() != other.mKeyRemapping.size() ||
-        mKeysByScanCode.size() != other.mKeysByScanCode.size() ||
-        mKeysByUsageCode.size() != other.mKeysByUsageCode.size()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mKeys.size(); i++) {
-        if (mKeys.keyAt(i) != other.mKeys.keyAt(i)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        const Key* key = mKeys.valueAt(i);
-        const Key* otherKey = other.mKeys.valueAt(i);
-        if (key->label != otherKey->label || key->number != otherKey->number) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (mKeyRemapping != other.mKeyRemapping || mKeysByScanCode != other.mKeysByScanCode ||
-        mKeysByUsageCode != other.mKeysByUsageCode) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool KeyCharacterMap::operator!=(const KeyCharacterMap& other) const {
-    return !(*this == other);
-}
+KeyCharacterMap::KeyCharacterMap(const std::string& filename) : mLoadFileName(filename) {}
 
 base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap>> KeyCharacterMap::load(const std::string& filename,
                                                                      Format format) {
@@ -207,10 +151,6 @@
 void KeyCharacterMap::clear() {
     mKeysByScanCode.clear();
     mKeysByUsageCode.clear();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mKeys.size(); i++) {
-        Key* key = mKeys.editValueAt(i);
-        delete key;
-    }
     mKeys.clear();
     mLayoutOverlayApplied = false;
     mType = KeyboardType::UNKNOWN;
@@ -233,24 +173,16 @@
     if (mLayoutOverlayApplied) {
         reloadBaseFromFile();
     }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < overlay.mKeys.size(); i++) {
-        int32_t keyCode = overlay.mKeys.keyAt(i);
-        Key* key = overlay.mKeys.valueAt(i);
-        ssize_t oldIndex = mKeys.indexOfKey(keyCode);
-        if (oldIndex >= 0) {
-            delete mKeys.valueAt(oldIndex);
-            mKeys.editValueAt(oldIndex) = new Key(*key);
-        } else {
-            mKeys.add(keyCode, new Key(*key));
-        }
+    for (const auto& [keyCode, key] : overlay.mKeys) {
+        mKeys.insert_or_assign(keyCode, key);
     }
 
-    for (auto const& it : overlay.mKeysByScanCode) {
-        mKeysByScanCode.insert_or_assign(it.first, it.second);
+    for (const auto& [fromScanCode, toAndroidKeyCode] : overlay.mKeysByScanCode) {
+        mKeysByScanCode.insert_or_assign(fromScanCode, toAndroidKeyCode);
     }
 
-    for (auto const& it : overlay.mKeysByUsageCode) {
-        mKeysByUsageCode.insert_or_assign(it.first, it.second);
+    for (const auto& [fromHidUsageCode, toAndroidKeyCode] : overlay.mKeysByUsageCode) {
+        mKeysByUsageCode.insert_or_assign(fromHidUsageCode, toAndroidKeyCode);
     }
     mLayoutOverlayApplied = true;
 }
@@ -343,19 +275,15 @@
                     if (behavior.character == chars[i]) {
                         result = behavior.character;
                         if ((behavior.metaState & metaState) == behavior.metaState) {
-                            goto ExactMatch;
+                            // Found exact match!
+                            return result;
                         }
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-    ExactMatch: ;
     }
-#if DEBUG_MAPPING
-    ALOGD("getMatch: keyCode=%d, chars=[%s], metaState=0x%08x ~ Result %d.",
-            keyCode, toString(chars, numChars).string(), metaState, result);
-#endif
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -494,9 +422,9 @@
 }
 
 const KeyCharacterMap::Key* KeyCharacterMap::getKey(int32_t keyCode) const {
-    ssize_t index = mKeys.indexOfKey(keyCode);
-    if (index >= 0) {
-        return mKeys.valueAt(index);
+    auto it = mKeys.find(keyCode);
+    if (it != mKeys.end()) {
+        return &it->second;
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
@@ -550,19 +478,17 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mKeys.size(); i++) {
-        const Key* key = mKeys.valueAt(i);
-
+    for (const auto& [keyCode, key] : mKeys) {
         // Try to find the most general behavior that maps to this character.
         // For example, the base key behavior will usually be last in the list.
         const Behavior* found = nullptr;
-        for (const Behavior& behavior : key->behaviors) {
+        for (const Behavior& behavior : key.behaviors) {
             if (behavior.character == ch) {
                 found = &behavior;
             }
         }
         if (found != nullptr) {
-            *outKeyCode = mKeys.keyAt(i);
+            *outKeyCode = keyCode;
             *outMetaState = found->metaState;
             return true;
         }
@@ -714,11 +640,7 @@
             return nullptr;
         }
 
-        Key* key = new Key();
-        key->label = label;
-        key->number = number;
-        map->mKeys.add(keyCode, key);
-
+        Key key{.label = label, .number = number};
         while (parcel->readInt32()) {
             int32_t metaState = parcel->readInt32();
             char16_t character = parcel->readInt32();
@@ -728,13 +650,14 @@
                 return nullptr;
             }
 
-            key->behaviors.push_back({
+            key.behaviors.push_back({
                     .metaState = metaState,
                     .character = character,
                     .fallbackKeyCode = fallbackKeyCode,
                     .replacementKeyCode = replacementKeyCode,
             });
         }
+        map->mKeys.emplace(keyCode, std::move(key));
 
         if (parcel->errorCheck()) {
             return nullptr;
@@ -790,13 +713,11 @@
 
     size_t numKeys = mKeys.size();
     parcel->writeInt32(numKeys);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numKeys; i++) {
-        int32_t keyCode = mKeys.keyAt(i);
-        const Key* key = mKeys.valueAt(i);
+    for (const auto& [keyCode, key] : mKeys) {
         parcel->writeInt32(keyCode);
-        parcel->writeInt32(key->label);
-        parcel->writeInt32(key->number);
-        for (const Behavior& behavior : key->behaviors) {
+        parcel->writeInt32(key.label);
+        parcel->writeInt32(key.number);
+        for (const Behavior& behavior : key.behaviors) {
             parcel->writeInt32(1);
             parcel->writeInt32(behavior.metaState);
             parcel->writeInt32(behavior.character);
@@ -826,22 +747,12 @@
 }
 #endif // __linux__
 
-// --- KeyCharacterMap::Key ---
-
-KeyCharacterMap::Key::Key() : label(0), number(0) {}
-
-KeyCharacterMap::Key::Key(const Key& other)
-      : label(other.label), number(other.number), behaviors(other.behaviors) {}
-
 // --- KeyCharacterMap::Parser ---
 
 KeyCharacterMap::Parser::Parser(KeyCharacterMap* map, Tokenizer* tokenizer, Format format) :
         mMap(map), mTokenizer(tokenizer), mFormat(format), mState(STATE_TOP) {
 }
 
-KeyCharacterMap::Parser::~Parser() {
-}
-
 status_t KeyCharacterMap::Parser::parse() {
     while (!mTokenizer->isEof()) {
 #if DEBUG_PARSER
@@ -1021,7 +932,7 @@
                 keyCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    if (mMap->mKeys.indexOfKey(*keyCode) >= 0) {
+    if (mMap->mKeys.find(*keyCode) != mMap->mKeys.end()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Duplicate entry for key code '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 keyCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -1037,27 +948,27 @@
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER, "Parsed beginning of key: keyCode=%d.", *keyCode);
     mKeyCode = *keyCode;
-    mMap->mKeys.add(*keyCode, new Key());
+    mMap->mKeys.emplace(*keyCode, Key{});
     mState = STATE_KEY;
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t KeyCharacterMap::Parser::parseKeyProperty() {
-    Key* key = mMap->mKeys.valueFor(mKeyCode);
+    Key& key = mMap->mKeys[mKeyCode];
     String8 token = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE_OR_PROPERTY_DELIMITER);
     if (token == "}") {
         mState = STATE_TOP;
-        return finishKey(*key);
+        return finishKey(key);
     }
 
-    Vector<Property> properties;
+    std::vector<Property> properties;
 
     // Parse all comma-delimited property names up to the first colon.
     for (;;) {
         if (token == "label") {
-            properties.add(Property(PROPERTY_LABEL));
+            properties.emplace_back(PROPERTY_LABEL);
         } else if (token == "number") {
-            properties.add(Property(PROPERTY_NUMBER));
+            properties.emplace_back(PROPERTY_NUMBER);
         } else {
             int32_t metaState;
             status_t status = parseModifier(token.string(), &metaState);
@@ -1066,7 +977,7 @@
                         mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), token.string());
                 return status;
             }
-            properties.add(Property(PROPERTY_META, metaState));
+            properties.emplace_back(PROPERTY_META, metaState);
         }
 
         mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
@@ -1181,47 +1092,44 @@
     } while (!mTokenizer->isEol() && mTokenizer->peekChar() != '#');
 
     // Add the behavior.
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < properties.size(); i++) {
-        const Property& property = properties.itemAt(i);
+    for (const Property& property : properties) {
         switch (property.property) {
         case PROPERTY_LABEL:
-            if (key->label) {
-                ALOGE("%s: Duplicate label for key.",
-                        mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
-                return BAD_VALUE;
-            }
-            key->label = behavior.character;
+                if (key.label) {
+                    ALOGE("%s: Duplicate label for key.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
+                    return BAD_VALUE;
+                }
+                key.label = behavior.character;
 #if DEBUG_PARSER
-            ALOGD("Parsed key label: keyCode=%d, label=%d.", mKeyCode, key->label);
+                ALOGD("Parsed key label: keyCode=%d, label=%d.", mKeyCode, key.label);
 #endif
             break;
         case PROPERTY_NUMBER:
-            if (key->number) {
-                ALOGE("%s: Duplicate number for key.",
-                        mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
-                return BAD_VALUE;
+            if (key.number) {
+                    ALOGE("%s: Duplicate number for key.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
+                    return BAD_VALUE;
             }
-            key->number = behavior.character;
+            key.number = behavior.character;
 #if DEBUG_PARSER
-            ALOGD("Parsed key number: keyCode=%d, number=%d.", mKeyCode, key->number);
+            ALOGD("Parsed key number: keyCode=%d, number=%d.", mKeyCode, key.number);
 #endif
             break;
         case PROPERTY_META: {
-            for (const Behavior& b : key->behaviors) {
-                if (b.metaState == property.metaState) {
+            for (const Behavior& b : key.behaviors) {
+                    if (b.metaState == property.metaState) {
                     ALOGE("%s: Duplicate key behavior for modifier.",
                             mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
                     return BAD_VALUE;
-                }
+                    }
             }
             Behavior newBehavior = behavior;
             newBehavior.metaState = property.metaState;
-            key->behaviors.push_front(newBehavior);
+            key.behaviors.push_front(newBehavior);
             ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER,
                      "Parsed key meta: keyCode=%d, meta=0x%x, char=%d, fallback=%d replace=%d.",
-                     mKeyCode, key->behaviors.front().metaState, key->behaviors.front().character,
-                     key->behaviors.front().fallbackKeyCode,
-                     key->behaviors.front().replacementKeyCode);
+                     mKeyCode, key.behaviors.front().metaState, key.behaviors.front().character,
+                     key.behaviors.front().fallbackKeyCode,
+                     key.behaviors.front().replacementKeyCode);
             break;
         }
         }
diff --git a/libs/input/VirtualInputDevice.cpp b/libs/input/VirtualInputDevice.cpp
index 3c1f2b6..af9ce3a 100644
--- a/libs/input/VirtualInputDevice.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VirtualInputDevice.cpp
@@ -44,15 +44,24 @@
     ioctl(mFd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
 }
 
-bool VirtualInputDevice::writeInputEvent(uint16_t type, uint16_t code, int32_t value) {
-    struct input_event ev = {.type = type, .code = code, .value = value};
+bool VirtualInputDevice::writeInputEvent(uint16_t type, uint16_t code, int32_t value,
+                                         std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
+    std::chrono::seconds seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(eventTime);
+    std::chrono::microseconds microseconds =
+            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(eventTime - seconds);
+    struct input_event ev = {.type = type,
+                             .code = code,
+                             .value = value,
+                             .input_event_sec = static_cast<time_t>(seconds.count()),
+                             .input_event_usec = static_cast<suseconds_t>(microseconds.count())};
     return TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(mFd, &ev, sizeof(struct input_event))) == sizeof(ev);
 }
 
 /** Utility method to write keyboard key events or mouse button events. */
 bool VirtualInputDevice::writeEvKeyEvent(int32_t androidCode, int32_t androidAction,
                                          const std::map<int, int>& evKeyCodeMapping,
-                                         const std::map<int, UinputAction>& actionMapping) {
+                                         const std::map<int, UinputAction>& actionMapping,
+                                         std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
     auto evKeyCodeIterator = evKeyCodeMapping.find(androidCode);
     if (evKeyCodeIterator == evKeyCodeMapping.end()) {
         ALOGE("Unsupported native EV keycode for android code %d", androidCode);
@@ -63,10 +72,10 @@
         return false;
     }
     if (!writeInputEvent(EV_KEY, static_cast<uint16_t>(evKeyCodeIterator->second),
-                         static_cast<int32_t>(actionIterator->second))) {
+                         static_cast<int32_t>(actionIterator->second), eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0)) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0, eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -189,8 +198,10 @@
 VirtualKeyboard::VirtualKeyboard(unique_fd fd) : VirtualInputDevice(std::move(fd)) {}
 VirtualKeyboard::~VirtualKeyboard() {}
 
-bool VirtualKeyboard::writeKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction) {
-    return writeEvKeyEvent(androidKeyCode, androidAction, KEY_CODE_MAPPING, KEY_ACTION_MAPPING);
+bool VirtualKeyboard::writeKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction,
+                                    std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
+    return writeEvKeyEvent(androidKeyCode, androidAction, KEY_CODE_MAPPING, KEY_ACTION_MAPPING,
+                           eventTime);
 }
 
 // --- VirtualDpad ---
@@ -210,9 +221,10 @@
 
 VirtualDpad::~VirtualDpad() {}
 
-bool VirtualDpad::writeDpadKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction) {
+bool VirtualDpad::writeDpadKeyEvent(int32_t androidKeyCode, int32_t androidAction,
+                                    std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
     return writeEvKeyEvent(androidKeyCode, androidAction, DPAD_KEY_CODE_MAPPING,
-                           VirtualKeyboard::KEY_ACTION_MAPPING);
+                           VirtualKeyboard::KEY_ACTION_MAPPING, eventTime);
 }
 
 // --- VirtualMouse ---
@@ -236,20 +248,24 @@
 
 VirtualMouse::~VirtualMouse() {}
 
-bool VirtualMouse::writeButtonEvent(int32_t androidButtonCode, int32_t androidAction) {
+bool VirtualMouse::writeButtonEvent(int32_t androidButtonCode, int32_t androidAction,
+                                    std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
     return writeEvKeyEvent(androidButtonCode, androidAction, BUTTON_CODE_MAPPING,
-                           BUTTON_ACTION_MAPPING);
+                           BUTTON_ACTION_MAPPING, eventTime);
 }
 
-bool VirtualMouse::writeRelativeEvent(float relativeX, float relativeY) {
-    return writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_X, relativeX) && writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_Y, relativeY) &&
-            writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+bool VirtualMouse::writeRelativeEvent(float relativeX, float relativeY,
+                                      std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
+    return writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_X, relativeX, eventTime) &&
+            writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_Y, relativeY, eventTime) &&
+            writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0, eventTime);
 }
 
-bool VirtualMouse::writeScrollEvent(float xAxisMovement, float yAxisMovement) {
-    return writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_HWHEEL, xAxisMovement) &&
-            writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_WHEEL, yAxisMovement) &&
-            writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+bool VirtualMouse::writeScrollEvent(float xAxisMovement, float yAxisMovement,
+                                    std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
+    return writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_HWHEEL, xAxisMovement, eventTime) &&
+            writeInputEvent(EV_REL, REL_WHEEL, yAxisMovement, eventTime) &&
+            writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0, eventTime);
 }
 
 // --- VirtualTouchscreen ---
@@ -291,7 +307,7 @@
 
 bool VirtualTouchscreen::writeTouchEvent(int32_t pointerId, int32_t toolType, int32_t action,
                                          float locationX, float locationY, float pressure,
-                                         float majorAxisSize) {
+                                         float majorAxisSize, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
     auto actionIterator = TOUCH_ACTION_MAPPING.find(action);
     if (actionIterator == TOUCH_ACTION_MAPPING.end()) {
         return false;
@@ -300,44 +316,44 @@
     if (!isValidPointerId(pointerId, uinputAction)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, pointerId)) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, pointerId, eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
     auto toolTypeIterator = TOOL_TYPE_MAPPING.find(toolType);
     if (toolTypeIterator == TOOL_TYPE_MAPPING.end()) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE,
-                         static_cast<int32_t>(toolTypeIterator->second))) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, static_cast<int32_t>(toolTypeIterator->second),
+                         eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (uinputAction == UinputAction::PRESS && !handleTouchDown(pointerId)) {
+    if (uinputAction == UinputAction::PRESS && !handleTouchDown(pointerId, eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (uinputAction == UinputAction::RELEASE && !handleTouchUp(pointerId)) {
+    if (uinputAction == UinputAction::RELEASE && !handleTouchUp(pointerId, eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, locationX)) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, locationX, eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, locationY)) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, locationY, eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
     if (!isnan(pressure)) {
-        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_PRESSURE, pressure)) {
+        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_PRESSURE, pressure, eventTime)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
     if (!isnan(majorAxisSize)) {
-        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, majorAxisSize)) {
+        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, majorAxisSize, eventTime)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
-    return writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+    return writeInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0, eventTime);
 }
 
-bool VirtualTouchscreen::handleTouchUp(int32_t pointerId) {
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, static_cast<int32_t>(-1))) {
+bool VirtualTouchscreen::handleTouchUp(int32_t pointerId, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, static_cast<int32_t>(-1), eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
     // When a pointer is no longer in touch, remove the pointer id from the corresponding
@@ -347,7 +363,8 @@
 
     // Only sends the BTN UP event when there's no pointers on the touchscreen.
     if (mActivePointers.none()) {
-        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, static_cast<int32_t>(UinputAction::RELEASE))) {
+        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, static_cast<int32_t>(UinputAction::RELEASE),
+                             eventTime)) {
             return false;
         }
         ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "No pointers on touchscreen %d, BTN UP event sent.", mFd.get());
@@ -355,12 +372,13 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool VirtualTouchscreen::handleTouchDown(int32_t pointerId) {
+bool VirtualTouchscreen::handleTouchDown(int32_t pointerId, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime) {
     // When a new pointer is down on the touchscreen, add the pointer id in the corresponding
     // entry in the unreleased touches map.
     if (mActivePointers.none()) {
         // Only sends the BTN Down event when the first pointer on the touchscreen is down.
-        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, static_cast<int32_t>(UinputAction::PRESS))) {
+        if (!writeInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, static_cast<int32_t>(UinputAction::PRESS),
+                             eventTime)) {
             return false;
         }
         ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "First pointer %d down under touchscreen %d, BTN DOWN event sent",
@@ -369,7 +387,7 @@
 
     mActivePointers.set(pointerId);
     ALOGD_IF(isDebug(), "Added pointer %d under touchscreen %d in the map", pointerId, mFd.get());
-    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, static_cast<int32_t>(pointerId))) {
+    if (!writeInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, static_cast<int32_t>(pointerId), eventTime)) {
         return false;
     }
     return true;
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
index 66a40f1..8f005a5 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    return VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength;
+    return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength;
 }
 size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(
         const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength, "Index out of bounds");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity, "Index out of bounds");
     return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[index].vsyncId;
 }
 int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineExpectedPresentationTimeNanos(
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength, "Index out of bounds");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity, "Index out of bounds");
     return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[index].expectedPresentationTime;
 }
 int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineDeadlineNanos(
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength, "Index out of bounds");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity, "Index out of bounds");
     return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[index].deadlineTimestamp;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
index 932be56..c412c9c 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@
                                                        createProtectedImage, backendFormat,
                                                        isOutputBuffer);
     mColorType = GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetSkColorTypeFromBufferFormat(desc.format);
-    ALOGE_IF(!mBackendTexture.isValid(),
-             "Failed to create a valid texture. [%p]:[%d,%d] isProtected:%d isWriteable:%d "
-             "format:%d",
-             this, desc.width, desc.height, createProtectedImage, isOutputBuffer, desc.format);
+    if (!mBackendTexture.isValid() || !desc.width || !desc.height) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Failed to create a valid texture. [%p]:[%d,%d] isProtected:%d "
+                         "isWriteable:%d format:%d",
+                         this, desc.width, desc.height, createProtectedImage, isOutputBuffer,
+                         desc.format);
+    }
 }
 
 AutoBackendTexture::~AutoBackendTexture() {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
index 37ff5df..92b01e0 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 namespace skia {
 
 // please keep in sync with hwui/utils/Color.cpp
+// TODO: Scale by the dimming ratio here instead of in a generic 3x3 transform
+// Otherwise there may be luminance shift for e.g., HLG.
 sk_sp<SkColorSpace> toSkColorSpace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     skcms_Matrix3x3 gamut;
     switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK) {
@@ -61,13 +63,14 @@
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8:
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB({2.8f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, gamut);
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kPQ, gamut);
+            return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB({-2.f, -1.55522297832f, 1.86045365631f, 32 / 2523.0f,
+                                          2413 / 128.0f, -2392 / 128.0f, 8192 / 1305.0f},
+                                         gamut);
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M:
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kRec2020, gamut);
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            // return HLG transfer but scale by 1/12
             skcms_TransferFunction hlgFn;
-            if (skcms_TransferFunction_makeScaledHLGish(&hlgFn, 1.f / 12.f, 2.f, 2.f,
+            if (skcms_TransferFunction_makeScaledHLGish(&hlgFn, 0.314509843, 2.f, 2.f,
                                                         1.f / 0.17883277f, 0.28466892f,
                                                         0.55991073f)) {
                 return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(hlgFn, gamut);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index 8256dd8..cfea85f 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -517,16 +517,18 @@
         } else {
             runtimeEffect = effectIter->second;
         }
+
         mat4 colorTransform = parameters.layer.colorTransform;
 
         colorTransform *=
                 mat4::scale(vec4(parameters.layerDimmingRatio, parameters.layerDimmingRatio,
                                  parameters.layerDimmingRatio, 1.f));
+
         const auto targetBuffer = parameters.layer.source.buffer.buffer;
         const auto graphicBuffer = targetBuffer ? targetBuffer->getBuffer() : nullptr;
         const auto hardwareBuffer = graphicBuffer ? graphicBuffer->toAHardwareBuffer() : nullptr;
-        return createLinearEffectShader(parameters.shader, effect, runtimeEffect, colorTransform,
-                                        parameters.display.maxLuminance,
+        return createLinearEffectShader(parameters.shader, effect, runtimeEffect,
+                                        std::move(colorTransform), parameters.display.maxLuminance,
                                         parameters.display.currentLuminanceNits,
                                         parameters.layer.source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits,
                                         hardwareBuffer, parameters.display.renderIntent);
@@ -911,12 +913,10 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        // If we need to map to linear space or color management is disabled, then mark the source
-        // image with the same colorspace as the destination surface so that Skia's color
-        // management is a no-op.
-        const ui::Dataspace layerDataspace = (!mUseColorManagement || requiresLinearEffect)
-                ? display.outputDataspace
-                : layer.sourceDataspace;
+        // If color management is disabled, then mark the source image with the same colorspace as
+        // the destination surface so that Skia's color management is a no-op.
+        const ui::Dataspace layerDataspace =
+                !mUseColorManagement ? display.outputDataspace : layer.sourceDataspace;
 
         SkPaint paint;
         if (layer.source.buffer.buffer) {
diff --git a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
index ba190e0..980f8d1 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -176,11 +176,8 @@
 
         mSensors = mSensorServer->getSensorList(mOpPackageName);
         size_t count = mSensors.size();
-        if (count == 0) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to get Sensor list");
-            mSensorServer.clear();
-            return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-        }
+        // If count is 0, mSensorList will be non-null. This is old
+        // existing behavior and callers expect this.
         mSensorList =
                 static_cast<Sensor const**>(malloc(count * sizeof(Sensor*)));
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mSensorList == nullptr, "mSensorList NULL");
diff --git a/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h b/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h
index 42b0cc1..5a4aaab 100644
--- a/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h
+++ b/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h
@@ -51,23 +51,20 @@
     // Input dataspace of the source colors.
     const ui::Dataspace inputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
 
-    // Working dataspace for the output surface, for conversion from linear space.
+    // Working dataspace for the output surface.
     const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
 
     // Sets whether alpha premultiplication must be undone.
     // This is required if the source colors use premultiplied alpha and is not opaque.
     const bool undoPremultipliedAlpha = false;
 
-    // "Fake" dataspace of the source colors. This is used for applying an EOTF to compute linear
-    // RGB. This is used when Skia is expected to color manage the input image based on the
-    // dataspace of the provided source image and destination surface. SkRuntimeEffects use the
-    // destination color space as the working color space. RenderEngine deliberately sets the color
-    // space for input images and destination surfaces to be the same whenever LinearEffects are
-    // expected to be used so that color-management is controlled by RenderEngine, but other users
-    // of a LinearEffect may not be able to control the color space of the images and surfaces. So
-    // fakeInputDataspace is used to essentially masquerade the input dataspace to be the output
-    // dataspace for correct conversion to linear colors.
-    ui::Dataspace fakeInputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+    // "Fake" dataspace of the destination colors. This is used for applying an OETF to compute
+    // non-linear RGB. This is used when Skia is expected to color manage the input image based on
+    // the dataspace of the provided source image and destination surface. Some use-cases in
+    // RenderEngine expect to apply a different OETF than what is expected by Skia. As in,
+    // RenderEngine will color manage to a custom destination and "cast" the result to Skia's
+    // working space.
+    ui::Dataspace fakeOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
 
     enum SkSLType { Shader, ColorFilter };
     SkSLType type = Shader;
@@ -76,7 +73,7 @@
 static inline bool operator==(const LinearEffect& lhs, const LinearEffect& rhs) {
     return lhs.inputDataspace == rhs.inputDataspace && lhs.outputDataspace == rhs.outputDataspace &&
             lhs.undoPremultipliedAlpha == rhs.undoPremultipliedAlpha &&
-            lhs.fakeInputDataspace == rhs.fakeInputDataspace;
+            lhs.fakeOutputDataspace == rhs.fakeOutputDataspace;
 }
 
 struct LinearEffectHasher {
@@ -89,7 +86,7 @@
         size_t result = std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.inputDataspace);
         result = HashCombine(result, std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.outputDataspace));
         result = HashCombine(result, std::hash<bool>{}(le.undoPremultipliedAlpha));
-        return HashCombine(result, std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.fakeInputDataspace));
+        return HashCombine(result, std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.fakeOutputDataspace));
     }
 };
 
@@ -99,10 +96,6 @@
 // 2. Apply color transform matrices in linear space
 std::string buildLinearEffectSkSL(const LinearEffect& linearEffect);
 
-// Generates a shader string that applies color transforms in linear space.
-// This is intended to be plugged into an SkColorFilter
-std::string buildLinearEffectSkSLForColorFilter(const LinearEffect& linearEffect);
-
 // Generates a list of uniforms to set on the LinearEffect shader above.
 std::vector<tonemap::ShaderUniform> buildLinearEffectUniforms(
         const LinearEffect& linearEffect, const mat4& colorTransform, float maxDisplayLuminance,
diff --git a/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp b/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp
index a3c403e..c85517a 100644
--- a/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp
+++ b/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp
@@ -33,212 +33,111 @@
     return static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace>(dataspace);
 }
 
-void generateEOTF(ui::Dataspace dataspace, std::string& shader) {
-    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
-                    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
-                    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
-                    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
-                    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-                    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-
-                    float3 tmp = pow(clamp(color, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0 / float3(m2));
-                    tmp = max(tmp - c1, 0.0) / (c2 - c3 * tmp);
-                    return pow(tmp, 1.0 / float3(m1));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float EOTF_channel(float channel) {
-                    const float a = 0.17883277;
-                    const float b = 0.28466892;
-                    const float c = 0.55991073;
-                    return channel <= 0.5 ? channel * channel / 3.0 :
-                            (exp((channel - c) / a) + b) / 12.0;
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_channel(color.r), EOTF_channel(color.g),
-                            EOTF_channel(color.b));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
-                    return color;
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
-                    return srgb <= 0.08125 ? srgb / 4.50 : pow((srgb + 0.099) / 1.099, 1 / 0.45);
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
-                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
-                    return pow(srgb, 2.2);
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
-                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
-                    return pow(srgb, 2.6);
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
-                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
-                    return pow(srgb, 2.8);
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
-                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
-        default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
-                    return srgb <= 0.04045 ? srgb / 12.92 : pow((srgb + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
-                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
 void generateXYZTransforms(std::string& shader) {
     shader.append(R"(
-        uniform float4x4 in_rgbToXyz;
-        uniform float4x4 in_xyzToRgb;
+        uniform float3x3 in_rgbToXyz;
+        uniform float3x3 in_xyzToSrcRgb;
+        uniform float4x4 in_colorTransform;
         float3 ToXYZ(float3 rgb) {
-            return (in_rgbToXyz * float4(rgb, 1.0)).rgb;
+            return in_rgbToXyz * rgb;
         }
 
-        float3 ToRGB(float3 xyz) {
-            return clamp((in_xyzToRgb * float4(xyz, 1.0)).rgb, 0.0, 1.0);
+        float3 ToSrcRGB(float3 xyz) {
+            return in_xyzToSrcRgb * xyz;
+        }
+
+        float3 ApplyColorTransform(float3 rgb) {
+            return (in_colorTransform * float4(rgb, 1.0)).rgb;
         }
     )");
 }
 
-// Conversion from relative light to absolute light (maps from [0, 1] to [0, maxNits])
-void generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
-                                    std::string& shader) {
+// Conversion from relative light to absolute light
+// Note that 1.0 == 203 nits.
+void generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace, std::string& shader) {
     switch (inputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz * 10000.0;
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+            // BT. 2408 says that a signal level of 0.75 == 203 nits for HLG, but that's after
+            // applying OOTF. But we haven't applied OOTF yet, so we need to scale by a different
+            // constant instead.
             shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz * 1000.0;
-                    }
-                )");
+                float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                    return xyz * 264.96;
+                }
+            )");
             break;
         default:
-            switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-                    // SDR -> HDR tonemap
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                            float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                                return xyz * in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance;
-                            }
-                        )");
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    // Input and output are both SDR, so no tone-mapping is expected so
-                    // no-op the luminance normalization.
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                                float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                                    return xyz * in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
-                                }
-                            )");
-                    break;
-            }
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                    return xyz * 203.0;
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
     }
 }
 
 // Normalizes from absolute light back to relative light (maps from [0, maxNits] back to [0, 1])
-static void generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
+static void generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace,
+                                                  ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
                                                   std::string& shader) {
     switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
             shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz / 10000.0;
-                    }
-                )");
+                float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                    return xyz / 203.0;
+                }
+            )");
             break;
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz / 1000.0;
-                    }
-                )");
+            switch (inputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+                    shader.append(R"(
+                            float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                                return xyz / 264.96;
+                            }
+                        )");
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // Transcoding to HLG requires applying the inverse OOTF
+                    // with the expectation that the OOTF is then applied during
+                    // tonemapping downstream.
+                    // BT. 2100-2 operates on normalized luminances, so renormalize to the input to
+                    // correctly adjust gamma.
+                    // Note that following BT. 2408 for HLG OETF actually maps 0.75 == ~264.96 nits,
+                    // rather than 203 nits, because 203 nits == OOTF(invOETF(0.75)), so even though
+                    // we originally scaled by 203 nits we need to re-normalize to 264.96 nits when
+                    // converting to the correct brightness range.
+                    shader.append(R"(
+                            float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                                float ootfGain = pow(xyz.y / 1000.0, -0.2 / 1.2);
+                                return xyz * ootfGain / 264.96;
+                            }
+                        )");
+                    break;
+            }
             break;
         default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz / in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
+            switch (inputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
+                    // libtonemap outputs a range [0, in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance], so
+                    // normalize back to [0, 1] when the output is SDR.
+                    shader.append(R"(
+                        float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                            return xyz / in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+                        }
+                    )");
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // Otherwise normalize back down to the range [0, 1]
+                    // TODO: get this working for extended range outputs
+                    shader.append(R"(
+                        float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                            return xyz / 203.0;
+                        }
+                    )");
+                    break;
+            }
     }
 }
 
@@ -249,145 +148,34 @@
                                                           toAidlDataspace(outputDataspace))
                           .c_str());
 
-    generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(inputDataspace, outputDataspace, shader);
-    generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(outputDataspace, shader);
+    generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(inputDataspace, shader);
+    generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(inputDataspace, outputDataspace, shader);
 
+    // Some tonemappers operate on CIE luminance, other tonemappers operate on linear rgb
+    // luminance in the source gamut.
     shader.append(R"(
-            float3 OOTF(float3 linearRGB, float3 xyz) {
+            float3 OOTF(float3 linearRGB) {
                 float3 scaledLinearRGB = ScaleLuminance(linearRGB);
-                float3 scaledXYZ = ScaleLuminance(xyz);
+                float3 scaledXYZ = ToXYZ(scaledLinearRGB);
 
-                float gain = libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(scaledLinearRGB, scaledXYZ);
+                float gain = libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(ToSrcRGB(scaledXYZ), scaledXYZ);
 
                 return NormalizeLuminance(scaledXYZ * gain);
             }
         )");
 }
 
-void generateOETF(ui::Dataspace dataspace, std::string& shader) {
-    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 xyz) {
-                    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
-                    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
-                    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
-                    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-                    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-
-                    float3 tmp = pow(xyz, float3(m1));
-                    tmp = (c1 + c2 * tmp) / (1.0 + c3 * tmp);
-                    return pow(tmp, float3(m2));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_channel(float channel) {
-                    const float a = 0.17883277;
-                    const float b = 0.28466892;
-                    const float c = 0.55991073;
-                    return channel <= 1.0 / 12.0 ? sqrt(3.0 * channel) :
-                            a * log(12.0 * channel - b) + c;
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_channel(linear.r), OETF_channel(linear.g),
-                            OETF_channel(linear.b));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return linear;
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
-                    return linear <= 0.018 ?
-                            linear * 4.50 : (pow(linear, 0.45) * 1.099) - 0.099;
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
-                    return pow(linear, (1.0 / 2.2));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
-                    return pow(linear, (1.0 / 2.6));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
-                    return pow(linear, (1.0 / 2.8));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
-        default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
-                    return linear <= 0.0031308 ?
-                            linear * 12.92 : (pow(linear, 1.0 / 2.4) * 1.055) - 0.055;
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-    }
+void generateOETF(std::string& shader) {
+    // Only support gamma 2.2 for now
+    shader.append(R"(
+        float OETF(float3 linear) {
+            return sign(linear) * pow(abs(linear), (1.0 / 2.2));
+        }
+    )");
 }
 
 void generateEffectiveOOTF(bool undoPremultipliedAlpha, LinearEffect::SkSLType type,
-                           std::string& shader) {
+                           bool needsCustomOETF, std::string& shader) {
     switch (type) {
         case LinearEffect::SkSLType::ColorFilter:
             shader.append(R"(
@@ -408,11 +196,19 @@
             c.rgb = c.rgb / (c.a + 0.0019);
         )");
     }
+    // We are using linear sRGB as a working space, with 1.0 == 203 nits
     shader.append(R"(
-        float3 linearRGB = EOTF(c.rgb);
-        float3 xyz = ToXYZ(linearRGB);
-        c.rgb = OETF(ToRGB(OOTF(linearRGB, xyz)));
+        c.rgb = ApplyColorTransform(OOTF(toLinearSrgb(c.rgb)));
     )");
+    if (needsCustomOETF) {
+        shader.append(R"(
+            c.rgb = OETF(c.rgb);
+        )");
+    } else {
+        shader.append(R"(
+            c.rgb = fromLinearSrgb(c.rgb);
+        )");
+    }
     if (undoPremultipliedAlpha) {
         shader.append(R"(
             c.rgb = c.rgb * (c.a + 0.0019);
@@ -424,33 +220,6 @@
     )");
 }
 
-// please keep in sync with toSkColorSpace function in renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
-ColorSpace toColorSpace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
-    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709:
-            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3:
-            return ColorSpace::DisplayP3();
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020:
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE:
-            return ColorSpace::BT2020();
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB:
-            return ColorSpace::AdobeRGB();
-        // TODO(b/208290320): BT601 format and variants return different primaries
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625:
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED:
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525:
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED:
-        // TODO(b/208290329): BT407M format returns different primaries
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M:
-        // TODO(b/208290904): FILM format returns different primaries
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM:
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED:
-        default:
-            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
-    }
-}
-
 template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value, bool> = true>
 std::vector<uint8_t> buildUniformValue(T value) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> result;
@@ -463,17 +232,45 @@
 
 std::string buildLinearEffectSkSL(const LinearEffect& linearEffect) {
     std::string shaderString;
-    generateEOTF(linearEffect.fakeInputDataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN
-                         ? linearEffect.inputDataspace
-                         : linearEffect.fakeInputDataspace,
-                 shaderString);
     generateXYZTransforms(shaderString);
     generateOOTF(linearEffect.inputDataspace, linearEffect.outputDataspace, shaderString);
-    generateOETF(linearEffect.outputDataspace, shaderString);
-    generateEffectiveOOTF(linearEffect.undoPremultipliedAlpha, linearEffect.type, shaderString);
+
+    const bool needsCustomOETF = (linearEffect.fakeOutputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) ==
+            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2;
+    if (needsCustomOETF) {
+        generateOETF(shaderString);
+    }
+    generateEffectiveOOTF(linearEffect.undoPremultipliedAlpha, linearEffect.type, needsCustomOETF,
+                          shaderString);
     return shaderString;
 }
 
+ColorSpace toColorSpace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK) {
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709:
+            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3:
+            return ColorSpace::DisplayP3();
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE:
+            return ColorSpace::BT2020();
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB:
+            return ColorSpace::AdobeRGB();
+            // TODO(b/208290320): BT601 format and variants return different primaries
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED:
+            // TODO(b/208290329): BT407M format returns different primaries
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M:
+            // TODO(b/208290904): FILM format returns different primaries
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED:
+        default:
+            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
+    }
+}
+
 // Generates a list of uniforms to set on the LinearEffect shader above.
 std::vector<tonemap::ShaderUniform> buildLinearEffectUniforms(
         const LinearEffect& linearEffect, const mat4& colorTransform, float maxDisplayLuminance,
@@ -481,29 +278,29 @@
         aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::RenderIntent renderIntent) {
     std::vector<tonemap::ShaderUniform> uniforms;
 
-    const ui::Dataspace inputDataspace = linearEffect.fakeInputDataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN
-            ? linearEffect.inputDataspace
-            : linearEffect.fakeInputDataspace;
+    auto inputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.inputDataspace);
+    auto outputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.outputDataspace);
 
-    if (inputDataspace == linearEffect.outputDataspace) {
-        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_rgbToXyz", .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4())});
-        uniforms.push_back(
-                {.name = "in_xyzToRgb", .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(colorTransform)});
-    } else {
-        ColorSpace inputColorSpace = toColorSpace(inputDataspace);
-        ColorSpace outputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.outputDataspace);
-        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_rgbToXyz",
-                            .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4(inputColorSpace.getRGBtoXYZ()))});
-        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_xyzToRgb",
-                            .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(
-                                    colorTransform * mat4(outputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB()))});
-    }
+    uniforms.push_back(
+            {.name = "in_rgbToXyz",
+             .value = buildUniformValue<mat3>(ColorSpace::linearExtendedSRGB().getRGBtoXYZ())});
+    uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_xyzToSrcRgb",
+                        .value = buildUniformValue<mat3>(inputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB())});
+    // Transforms xyz colors to linear source colors, then applies the color transform, then
+    // transforms to linear extended RGB for skia to color manage.
+    uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_colorTransform",
+                        .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(
+                                mat4(ColorSpace::linearExtendedSRGB().getXYZtoRGB()) *
+                                // TODO: the color transform ideally should be applied
+                                // in the source colorspace, but doing that breaks
+                                // renderengine tests
+                                mat4(outputColorSpace.getRGBtoXYZ()) * colorTransform *
+                                mat4(outputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB()))});
 
     tonemap::Metadata metadata{.displayMaxLuminance = maxDisplayLuminance,
                                // If the input luminance is unknown, use display luminance (aka,
-                               // no-op any luminance changes)
-                               // This will be the case for eg screenshots in addition to
-                               // uncalibrated displays
+                               // no-op any luminance changes).
+                               // This is expected to only be meaningful for PQ content
                                .contentMaxLuminance =
                                        maxLuminance > 0 ? maxLuminance : maxDisplayLuminance,
                                .currentDisplayLuminance = currentDisplayLuminanceNits > 0
diff --git a/libs/shaders/tests/shaders_test.cpp b/libs/shaders/tests/shaders_test.cpp
index d45fb24..ba8bed2 100644
--- a/libs/shaders/tests/shaders_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/shaders/tests/shaders_test.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@
     return arg.name == name && arg.value == value;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P(UniformNameEq, name, "") {
+    return arg.name == name;
+}
+
 template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value, bool> = true>
 std::vector<uint8_t> buildUniformValue(T value) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> result;
@@ -49,50 +53,44 @@
     shaders::LinearEffect effect =
             shaders::LinearEffect{.inputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR,
                                   .outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR,
-                                  .fakeInputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
+                                  .fakeOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
 
     mat4 colorTransform = mat4::scale(vec4(.9, .9, .9, 1.));
     auto uniforms =
             shaders::buildLinearEffectUniforms(effect, colorTransform, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f, nullptr,
                                                aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::
                                                        RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
-    EXPECT_THAT(uniforms, Contains(UniformEq("in_rgbToXyz", buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4()))));
     EXPECT_THAT(uniforms,
-                Contains(UniformEq("in_xyzToRgb", buildUniformValue<mat4>(colorTransform))));
+                Contains(UniformEq("in_rgbToXyz",
+                                   buildUniformValue<mat3>(
+                                           ColorSpace::linearExtendedSRGB().getRGBtoXYZ()))));
+    EXPECT_THAT(uniforms,
+                Contains(UniformEq("in_xyzToSrcRgb",
+                                   buildUniformValue<mat3>(
+                                           ColorSpace::linearSRGB().getXYZtoRGB()))));
+    // color transforms are already tested in renderengine's tests
+    EXPECT_THAT(uniforms, Contains(UniformNameEq("in_colorTransform")));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ShadersTest, buildLinearEffectUniforms_selectsGamutTransformMatrices) {
     shaders::LinearEffect effect =
             shaders::LinearEffect{.inputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB,
                                   .outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3,
-                                  .fakeInputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
+                                  .fakeOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
 
     ColorSpace inputColorSpace = ColorSpace::sRGB();
-    ColorSpace outputColorSpace = ColorSpace::DisplayP3();
     auto uniforms =
             shaders::buildLinearEffectUniforms(effect, mat4(), 1.f, 1.f, 1.f, nullptr,
                                                aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::
                                                        RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
     EXPECT_THAT(uniforms,
                 Contains(UniformEq("in_rgbToXyz",
-                                   buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4(inputColorSpace.getRGBtoXYZ())))));
+                                   buildUniformValue<mat3>(
+                                           ColorSpace::linearExtendedSRGB().getRGBtoXYZ()))));
     EXPECT_THAT(uniforms,
-                Contains(UniformEq("in_xyzToRgb",
-                                   buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4(outputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB())))));
-}
-
-TEST_F(ShadersTest, buildLinearEffectUniforms_respectsFakeInputDataspace) {
-    shaders::LinearEffect effect =
-            shaders::LinearEffect{.inputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB,
-                                  .outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3,
-                                  .fakeInputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3};
-
-    auto uniforms =
-            shaders::buildLinearEffectUniforms(effect, mat4(), 1.f, 1.f, 1.f, nullptr,
-                                               aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::
-                                                       RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
-    EXPECT_THAT(uniforms, Contains(UniformEq("in_rgbToXyz", buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4()))));
-    EXPECT_THAT(uniforms, Contains(UniformEq("in_xyzToRgb", buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4()))));
+                Contains(UniformEq("in_xyzToSrcRgb",
+                                   buildUniformValue<mat3>(inputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB()))));
+    EXPECT_THAT(uniforms, Contains(UniformNameEq("in_colorTransform")));
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.h b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.h
index ed38e07..4ab664e 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.h
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.h
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@
  *     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
  *     <rdf:Description
  *       xmlns:Container="http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/"
- *       xmlns:Item="http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/item/">
+ *       xmlns:Item="http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/item/"
+ *       xmlns:hdrgm="http://ns.adobe.com/hdr-gain-map/1.0/"
+ *       hdrgm:Version="1">
  *       <Container:Directory>
  *         <rdf:Seq>
  *           <rdf:li
@@ -127,7 +129,8 @@
  * @param secondary_image_length length of secondary image
  * @return XMP metadata in type of string
  */
-std::string generateXmpForPrimaryImage(int secondary_image_length);
+std::string generateXmpForPrimaryImage(int secondary_image_length,
+                                       ultrahdr_metadata_struct& metadata);
 
 /*
  * This method generates XMP metadata for the recovery map image.
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h
index 302aeee..f970936 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
  */
 struct ultrahdr_metadata_struct {
   // Ultra HDR library version
-  uint32_t version;
+  const char* version;
   // Max Content Boost for the map
   float maxContentBoost;
   // Min Content Boost for the map
@@ -58,4 +58,4 @@
 
 }  // namespace android::ultrahdr
 
-#endif //ANDROID_ULTRAHDR_ULTRAHDR_H
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif //ANDROID_ULTRAHDR_ULTRAHDR_H
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
index 5f55d1b..0f7aa27 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
   }
 
 // The current JPEGR version that we encode to
-static const uint32_t kJpegrVersion = 1;
+static const char* const kJpegrVersion = "1.0";
 
 // Map is quarter res / sixteenth size
 static const size_t kMapDimensionScaleFactor = 4;
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@
                                  + xmp_secondary_length
                                  + compressed_gain_map->length;
   // primary image
-  const string xmp_primary = generateXmpForPrimaryImage(secondary_image_size);
+  const string xmp_primary = generateXmpForPrimaryImage(secondary_image_size, *metadata);
   // same as primary
   const int xmp_primary_length = 2 + nameSpaceLength + xmp_primary.size();
 
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.cpp b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.cpp
index 9d07a6f..6430af1 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.cpp
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegrutils.cpp
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-string generateXmpForPrimaryImage(int secondary_image_length) {
+string generateXmpForPrimaryImage(int secondary_image_length, ultrahdr_metadata_struct& metadata) {
   const vector<string> kConDirSeq({kConDirectory, string("rdf:Seq")});
   const vector<string> kLiItem({string("rdf:li"), kConItem});
 
@@ -316,6 +316,8 @@
   writer.StartWritingElement("rdf:Description");
   writer.WriteXmlns(kContainerPrefix, kContainerUri);
   writer.WriteXmlns(kItemPrefix, kItemUri);
+  writer.WriteXmlns(kGainMapPrefix, kGainMapUri);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapVersion, metadata.version);
 
   writer.StartWritingElements(kConDirSeq);
 
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp b/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp
index ba3b4d0..58cd8f4 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(JpegRTest, writeXmpThenRead) {
   ultrahdr_metadata_struct metadata_expected;
+  metadata_expected.version = "1.0";
   metadata_expected.maxContentBoost = 1.25;
   metadata_expected.minContentBoost = 0.75;
   const std::string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0";
@@ -538,7 +539,7 @@
 
   JpegRBenchmark benchmark;
 
-  ultrahdr_metadata_struct metadata = { .version = 1,
+  ultrahdr_metadata_struct metadata = { .version = "1.0",
                               .maxContentBoost = 8.0f,
                               .minContentBoost = 1.0f / 8.0f };
 
diff --git a/opengl/include/EGL/eglext.h b/opengl/include/EGL/eglext.h
index 501bf58..32c21f6 100644
--- a/opengl/include/EGL/eglext.h
+++ b/opengl/include/EGL/eglext.h
@@ -697,6 +697,11 @@
 #define EGL_EXT_device_query 1
 #endif /* EGL_EXT_device_query */
 
+#ifndef EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_hlg
+#define EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_hlg 1
+#define EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_HLG_EXT  0x333E
+#endif /* EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_hlg */
+
 #ifndef EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_linear
 #define EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_linear 1
 #define EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_LINEAR_EXT 0x333F
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/BlobCache.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/BlobCache.cpp
index aecfc6b..b3a4bc1 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/BlobCache.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/BlobCache.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include "BlobCache.h"
 
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
 
@@ -230,6 +232,8 @@
 }
 
 int BlobCache::unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("BlobCache::unflatten");
+
     // All errors should result in the BlobCache being in an empty state.
     clear();
 
@@ -293,6 +297,8 @@
 }
 
 void BlobCache::clean() {
+    ATRACE_NAME("BlobCache::clean");
+
     // Remove a random cache entry until the total cache size gets below half
     // the maximum total cache size.
     while (mTotalSize > mMaxTotalSize / 2) {
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp
index 1026842..4a0fac4 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  ** limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
 #include "FileBlobCache.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 // Cache file header
 static const char* cacheFileMagic = "EGL$";
@@ -51,6 +54,8 @@
         const std::string& filename)
         : BlobCache(maxKeySize, maxValueSize, maxTotalSize)
         , mFilename(filename) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
     if (mFilename.length() > 0) {
         size_t headerSize = cacheFileHeaderSize;
 
@@ -117,6 +122,8 @@
 }
 
 void FileBlobCache::writeToFile() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
     if (mFilename.length() > 0) {
         size_t cacheSize = getFlattenedSize();
         size_t headerSize = cacheFileHeaderSize;
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
index 415e8ea..2c3ce16 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
@@ -139,9 +139,10 @@
 
 static const char* DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY = "ro.hardware.egl";
 
-static const char* HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[2] = {
-    DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY,
-    "ro.board.platform",
+static const char* HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[3] = {
+        "persist.graphics.egl",
+        DRIVER_SUFFIX_PROPERTY,
+        "ro.board.platform",
 };
 
 static bool should_unload_system_driver(egl_connection_t* cnx) {
@@ -208,8 +209,7 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     const nsecs_t openTime = systemTime();
 
-    if (!android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().angleIsSystemDriver() &&
-        should_unload_system_driver(cnx)) {
+    if (should_unload_system_driver(cnx)) {
         unload_system_driver(cnx);
     }
 
@@ -218,12 +218,8 @@
         return cnx->dso;
     }
 
-    // Firstly, try to load ANGLE driver, unless we know that we shouldn't.
-    bool shouldForceLegacyDriver = android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().shouldForceLegacyDriver();
-    driver_t* hnd = nullptr;
-    if (!shouldForceLegacyDriver) {
-        hnd = attempt_to_load_angle(cnx);
-    }
+    // Firstly, try to load ANGLE driver.
+    driver_t* hnd = attempt_to_load_angle(cnx);
 
     if (!hnd) {
         // Secondly, try to load from driver apk.
@@ -285,8 +281,10 @@
     }
 
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!hnd,
-                        "couldn't find an OpenGL ES implementation, make sure you set %s or %s",
-                        HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[0], HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[1]);
+                        "couldn't find an OpenGL ES implementation, make sure one of %s, %s and %s "
+                        "is set",
+                        HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[0], HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[1],
+                        HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES[2]);
 
     if (!cnx->libEgl) {
         cnx->libEgl = load_wrapper(EGL_WRAPPER_DIR "/libEGL.so");
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp
index 6593c1b..525fed1 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp
@@ -353,8 +353,9 @@
             // Typically that means there is an HDR capable display attached, but could be
             // support for attaching an HDR display. In either case, advertise support for
             // HDR color spaces.
-            mExtensionString.append(
-                    "EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_linear EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_pq ");
+            mExtensionString.append("EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_hlg "
+                                    "EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_linear "
+                                    "EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_pq ");
         }
 
         char const* start = gExtensionString;
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
index 2bca14d..48718bb 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "egl_platform_entries.h"
 
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <private/android/AHardwareBufferHelpers.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
 
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <deque>
@@ -421,11 +421,14 @@
         return HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SCRGB;
     } else if (colorspace == EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_SCRGB_LINEAR_EXT) {
         return HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SCRGB_LINEAR;
+    } else if (colorspace == EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_HLG_EXT) {
+        return static_cast<android_dataspace>(HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_HLG);
     } else if (colorspace == EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_LINEAR_EXT) {
         return HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_LINEAR;
     } else if (colorspace == EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_PQ_EXT) {
         return HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_PQ;
     }
+
     return HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN;
 }
 
@@ -452,6 +455,9 @@
     if (findExtension(dp->disp.queryString.extensions, "EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_scrgb_linear")) {
         colorSpaces.push_back(EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_SCRGB_LINEAR_EXT);
     }
+    if (findExtension(dp->disp.queryString.extensions, "EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_hlg")) {
+        colorSpaces.push_back(EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_HLG_EXT);
+    }
     if (findExtension(dp->disp.queryString.extensions, "EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_linear")) {
         colorSpaces.push_back(EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_LINEAR_EXT);
     }
@@ -485,6 +491,7 @@
                 case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_DISPLAY_P3_PASSTHROUGH_EXT:
                 case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_SCRGB_LINEAR_EXT:
                 case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_SCRGB_EXT:
+                case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_HLG_EXT:
                 case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_LINEAR_EXT:
                 case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_BT2020_PQ_EXT:
                 case EGL_GL_COLORSPACE_DISPLAY_P3_LINEAR_EXT:
diff --git a/services/automotive/display/Android.bp b/services/automotive/display/Android.bp
index 614a78e..72bd292 100644
--- a/services/automotive/display/Android.bp
+++ b/services/automotive/display/Android.bp
@@ -53,6 +53,4 @@
     vintf_fragments: [
         "manifest_android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0.xml",
     ],
-
-    system_ext_specific: true,
 }
diff --git a/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc b/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc
index ea1077a..5c7f344 100644
--- a/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc
+++ b/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-service automotive_display /system_ext/bin/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service
+service automotive_display /system/bin/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service
     class hal
     user graphics
     group automotive_evs
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
index e04481c..69df45b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
@@ -224,6 +224,9 @@
         "libinputservice_test",
         "Bug-115739809",
         "StructLayout_test",
+        // currently unused, but still must build correctly
+        "inputflinger",
+        "libinputflingerhost",
 
         // native fuzzers
         "inputflinger_latencytracker_fuzzer",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
index 472d7a1..ddebcad 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
@@ -57,9 +57,8 @@
  * The event flow is via the "InputListener" interface, as follows:
  * InputReader -> UnwantedInteractionBlocker -> InputProcessor -> InputDispatcher
  */
-InputManager::InputManager(
-        const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
-        const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& dispatcherPolicy) {
+InputManager::InputManager(const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
+                           InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& dispatcherPolicy) {
     mDispatcher = createInputDispatcher(dispatcherPolicy);
     mProcessor = std::make_unique<InputProcessor>(*mDispatcher);
     mBlocker = std::make_unique<UnwantedInteractionBlocker>(*mProcessor);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
index 793757d..b6ad419 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
@@ -100,9 +100,8 @@
     ~InputManager() override;
 
 public:
-    InputManager(
-            const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
-            const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& dispatcherPolicy);
+    InputManager(const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
+                 InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& dispatcherPolicy);
 
     status_t start() override;
     status_t stop() override;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp
index 2450235..4ec5b89 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp
@@ -38,50 +38,6 @@
 
 // --- InputReaderConfiguration ---
 
-std::string InputReaderConfiguration::changesToString(uint32_t changes) {
-    if (changes == 0) {
-        return "<none>";
-    }
-    std::string result;
-    if (changes & CHANGE_POINTER_SPEED) {
-        result += "POINTER_SPEED | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT) {
-        result += "POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO) {
-        result += "DISPLAY_INFO | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_SHOW_TOUCHES) {
-        result += "SHOW_TOUCHES | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS) {
-        result += "KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
-        result += "DEVICE_ALIAS | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_TOUCH_AFFINE_TRANSFORMATION) {
-        result += "TOUCH_AFFINE_TRANSFORMATION | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE) {
-        result += "EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE) {
-        result += "POINTER_CAPTURE | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE) {
-        result += "ENABLED_STATE | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_TOUCHPAD_SETTINGS) {
-        result += "TOUCHPAD_SETTINGS | ";
-    }
-    if (changes & CHANGE_MUST_REOPEN) {
-        result += "MUST_REOPEN | ";
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
 std::optional<DisplayViewport> InputReaderConfiguration::getDisplayViewportByUniqueId(
         const std::string& uniqueDisplayId) const {
     if (uniqueDisplayId.empty()) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp b/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
index f852001..f65533e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
@@ -48,10 +48,8 @@
 
 class FakeInputDispatcherPolicy : public InputDispatcherPolicyInterface {
 public:
-    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
-
-protected:
-    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
+    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
 
 private:
     void notifyConfigurationChanged(nsecs_t) override {}
@@ -82,24 +80,23 @@
 
     void notifyVibratorState(int32_t deviceId, bool isOn) override {}
 
-    void getDispatcherConfiguration(InputDispatcherConfiguration* outConfig) override {
-        *outConfig = mConfig;
+    InputDispatcherConfiguration getDispatcherConfiguration() override { return mConfig; }
+
+    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
+        return true; // dispatch event normally
     }
 
-    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent*, uint32_t&) override {}
+    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent&, uint32_t&) override {}
 
     void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(int32_t, nsecs_t, uint32_t&) override {}
 
-    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t) override {
+    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&, uint32_t) override {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    bool dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t, KeyEvent*) override {
-        return false;
+    std::optional<KeyEvent> dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&,
+                                                 uint32_t) override {
+        return {};
     }
 
     void notifySwitch(nsecs_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t) override {}
@@ -258,7 +255,7 @@
 
 static void benchmarkNotifyMotion(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy fakePolicy;
     InputDispatcher dispatcher(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher.setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher.start();
@@ -293,7 +290,7 @@
 
 static void benchmarkInjectMotion(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy fakePolicy;
     InputDispatcher dispatcher(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher.setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher.start();
@@ -327,7 +324,7 @@
 
 static void benchmarkOnWindowInfosChanged(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy fakePolicy;
     InputDispatcher dispatcher(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher.setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher.start();
@@ -343,8 +340,10 @@
     std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo> displayInfos{info};
 
     for (auto _ : state) {
-        dispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos);
-        dispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(/*windowInfos=*/{}, /*displayInfos=*/{});
+        dispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(
+                {windowInfos, displayInfos, /*vsyncId=*/0, /*timestamp=*/0});
+        dispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(
+                {/*windowInfos=*/{}, /*displayInfos=*/{}, /*vsyncId=*/{}, /*timestamp=*/0});
     }
     dispatcher.stop();
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
index b4497fd..ed95de7 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
         inputPublisher(inputChannel),
         inputState(idGenerator) {}
 
-Connection::~Connection() {}
-
 const std::string Connection::getWindowName() const {
     if (inputChannel != nullptr) {
         return inputChannel->getName();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
index 6040e9b..2929d61 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@
 struct DispatchEntry;
 
 /* Manages the dispatch state associated with a single input channel. */
-class Connection : public RefBase {
-protected:
-    virtual ~Connection();
-
+class Connection {
 public:
     enum class Status {
         // Everything is peachy.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index e8434be..326ca87 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #define INDENT4 "        "
 
 using namespace android::ftl::flag_operators;
+using android::base::Error;
 using android::base::HwTimeoutMultiplier;
 using android::base::Result;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -129,48 +130,68 @@
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT;
 }
 
-bool isValidKeyAction(int32_t action) {
+Result<void> checkKeyAction(int32_t action) {
     switch (action) {
         case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
         case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-            return true;
+            return {};
         default:
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "Key event has invalid action code " << action;
     }
 }
 
-bool validateKeyEvent(int32_t action) {
-    if (!isValidKeyAction(action)) {
-        ALOGE("Key event has invalid action code 0x%x", action);
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+Result<void> validateKeyEvent(int32_t action) {
+    return checkKeyAction(action);
 }
 
-bool isValidMotionAction(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t pointerCount) {
+Result<void> checkMotionAction(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t pointerCount) {
     switch (MotionEvent::getActionMasked(action)) {
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-            return pointerCount == 1;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP: {
+            if (pointerCount != 1) {
+                return Error() << "invalid pointer count " << pointerCount;
+            }
+            return {};
+        }
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE:
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT:
-            return pointerCount >= 1;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT: {
+            if (pointerCount < 1) {
+                return Error() << "invalid pointer count " << pointerCount;
+            }
+            return {};
+        }
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
-            return true;
+            return {};
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP: {
             const int32_t index = MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action);
-            return index >= 0 && index < pointerCount && pointerCount > 1;
+            if (index < 0) {
+                return Error() << "invalid index " << index << " for "
+                               << MotionEvent::actionToString(action);
+            }
+            if (index >= pointerCount) {
+                return Error() << "invalid index " << index << " for pointerCount " << pointerCount;
+            }
+            if (pointerCount <= 1) {
+                return Error() << "invalid pointer count " << pointerCount << " for "
+                               << MotionEvent::actionToString(action);
+            }
+            return {};
         }
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS:
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE:
-            return actionButton != 0;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE: {
+            if (actionButton == 0) {
+                return Error() << "action button should be nonzero for "
+                               << MotionEvent::actionToString(action);
+            }
+            return {};
+        }
         default:
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "invalid action " << action;
     }
 }
 
@@ -178,32 +199,50 @@
     return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(t).count();
 }
 
-bool validateMotionEvent(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, size_t pointerCount,
-                         const PointerProperties* pointerProperties) {
-    if (!isValidMotionAction(action, actionButton, pointerCount)) {
-        ALOGE("Motion event has invalid action code 0x%x", action);
-        return false;
+Result<void> validateMotionEvent(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, size_t pointerCount,
+                                 const PointerProperties* pointerProperties) {
+    Result<void> actionCheck = checkMotionAction(action, actionButton, pointerCount);
+    if (!actionCheck.ok()) {
+        return actionCheck;
     }
     if (pointerCount < 1 || pointerCount > MAX_POINTERS) {
-        ALOGE("Motion event has invalid pointer count %zu; value must be between 1 and %zu.",
-              pointerCount, MAX_POINTERS);
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "Motion event has invalid pointer count " << pointerCount
+                       << "; value must be between 1 and " << MAX_POINTERS << ".";
     }
     std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIdBits;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
         int32_t id = pointerProperties[i].id;
         if (id < 0 || id > MAX_POINTER_ID) {
-            ALOGE("Motion event has invalid pointer id %d; value must be between 0 and %d", id,
-                  MAX_POINTER_ID);
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "Motion event has invalid pointer id " << id
+                           << "; value must be between 0 and " << MAX_POINTER_ID;
         }
         if (pointerIdBits.test(id)) {
-            ALOGE("Motion event has duplicate pointer id %d", id);
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "Motion event has duplicate pointer id " << id;
         }
         pointerIdBits.set(id);
     }
-    return true;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> validateInputEvent(const InputEvent& event) {
+    switch (event.getType()) {
+        case InputEventType::KEY: {
+            const KeyEvent& key = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(event);
+            const int32_t action = key.getAction();
+            return validateKeyEvent(action);
+        }
+        case InputEventType::MOTION: {
+            const MotionEvent& motion = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(event);
+            const int32_t action = motion.getAction();
+            const size_t pointerCount = motion.getPointerCount();
+            const PointerProperties* pointerProperties = motion.getPointerProperties();
+            const int32_t actionButton = motion.getActionButton();
+            return validateMotionEvent(action, actionButton, pointerCount, pointerProperties);
+        }
+        default: {
+            return {};
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 std::string dumpRegion(const Region& region) {
@@ -459,14 +498,14 @@
 // Returns true if the event type passed as argument represents a user activity.
 bool isUserActivityEvent(const EventEntry& eventEntry) {
     switch (eventEntry.type) {
+        case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
+        case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
+        case EventEntry::Type::DRAG:
         case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
         case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
-        case EventEntry::Type::DRAG:
-        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
-        case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
             return false;
-        case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
         case EventEntry::Type::KEY:
         case EventEntry::Type::MOTION:
             return true;
@@ -646,10 +685,10 @@
 
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
 
-InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy)
+InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy)
       : InputDispatcher(policy, STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT) {}
 
-InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy,
+InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy,
                                  std::chrono::nanoseconds staleEventTimeout)
       : mPolicy(policy),
         mPendingEvent(nullptr),
@@ -676,7 +715,6 @@
     SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()->addWindowInfosListener(mWindowInfoListener);
 #endif
     mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry = nullptr;
-    policy->getDispatcherConfiguration(&mConfig);
 }
 
 InputDispatcher::~InputDispatcher() {
@@ -688,7 +726,7 @@
     mCommandQueue.clear();
 
     while (!mConnectionsByToken.empty()) {
-        sp<Connection> connection = mConnectionsByToken.begin()->second;
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = mConnectionsByToken.begin()->second;
         removeInputChannelLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(), /*notify=*/false);
     }
 }
@@ -802,7 +840,7 @@
     }
 
     // If we reached here, we have an unresponsive connection.
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(mAnrTracker.firstToken());
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(mAnrTracker.firstToken());
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Could not find connection for entry %" PRId64, mAnrTracker.firstTimeout());
         return nextAnrCheck;
@@ -815,7 +853,7 @@
 }
 
 std::chrono::nanoseconds InputDispatcher::getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(
-        const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) {
     if (connection->monitor) {
         return mMonitorDispatchingTimeout;
     }
@@ -1058,7 +1096,8 @@
         const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> touchedSpies =
                 findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
         for (const auto& windowHandle : touchedSpies) {
-            const sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
+            const std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
+                    getConnectionLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
             if (connection != nullptr && connection->responsive) {
                 // This spy window could take more input. Drop all events preceding this
                 // event, so that the spy window can get a chance to receive the stream.
@@ -1297,7 +1336,7 @@
             (keyEntry.policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER);
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::isAppSwitchPendingLocked() {
+bool InputDispatcher::isAppSwitchPendingLocked() const {
     return mAppSwitchDueTime != LLONG_MAX;
 }
 
@@ -1401,7 +1440,7 @@
     // Enqueue a command to run outside the lock to tell the policy that the configuration changed.
     auto command = [this, eventTime = entry.eventTime]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyConfigurationChanged(eventTime);
+        mPolicy.notifyConfigurationChanged(eventTime);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
     return true;
@@ -1422,6 +1461,11 @@
     CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, "device was reset");
     options.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
     synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
+
+    // Remove all active pointers from this device
+    for (auto& [_, touchState] : mTouchStatesByDisplay) {
+        touchState.removeAllPointersForDevice(entry.deviceId);
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1645,6 +1689,8 @@
                 doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(focusedWindowToken, *entry);
             };
             postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
+            // Poke user activity for keys not passed to user
+            pokeUserActivityLocked(*entry);
             return false; // wait for the command to run
         } else {
             entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::CONTINUE;
@@ -1661,6 +1707,8 @@
                            *dropReason == DropReason::POLICY ? InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED
                                                              : InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED);
         mReporter->reportDroppedKey(entry->id);
+        // Poke user activity for undispatched keys
+        pokeUserActivityLocked(*entry);
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -1716,10 +1764,10 @@
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
 
         if (entry->accuracyChanged) {
-            mPolicy->notifySensorAccuracy(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy);
+            mPolicy.notifySensorAccuracy(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy);
         }
-        mPolicy->notifySensorEvent(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy,
-                                   entry->hwTimestamp, entry->values);
+        mPolicy.notifySensorEvent(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy,
+                                  entry->hwTimestamp, entry->values);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -1895,7 +1943,7 @@
     pokeUserActivityLocked(*eventEntry);
 
     for (const InputTarget& inputTarget : inputTargets) {
-        sp<Connection> connection =
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
                 getConnectionLocked(inputTarget.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
         if (connection != nullptr) {
             prepareDispatchCycleLocked(currentTime, connection, eventEntry, inputTarget);
@@ -1909,7 +1957,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+void InputDispatcher::cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) {
     // We will not be breaking any connections here, even if the policy wants us to abort dispatch.
     // If the policy decides to close the app, we will get a channel removal event via
     // unregisterInputChannel, and will clean up the connection that way. We are already not
@@ -2101,7 +2149,7 @@
     std::vector<Monitor> responsiveMonitors;
     std::copy_if(monitors.begin(), monitors.end(), std::back_inserter(responsiveMonitors),
                  [this](const Monitor& monitor) REQUIRES(mLock) {
-                     sp<Connection> connection =
+                     std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
                              getConnectionLocked(monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
                      if (connection == nullptr) {
                          ALOGE("Could not find connection for monitor %s",
@@ -2164,7 +2212,7 @@
     // event injection will be allowed.
     const int32_t displayId = entry.displayId;
     const int32_t action = entry.action;
-    const int32_t maskedAction = action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
+    const int32_t maskedAction = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(action);
 
     // Update the touch state as needed based on the properties of the touch event.
     outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::PENDING;
@@ -2191,7 +2239,9 @@
     const bool wasDown = oldState != nullptr && oldState->isDown();
     const bool isDown = (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) ||
             (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN && !wasDown);
-    const bool newGesture = isDown || maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL || isHoverAction;
+    const bool newGesture = isDown || maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL ||
+            maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
+            maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE;
     const bool isFromMouse = isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE);
 
     // If pointers are already down, let's finish the current gesture and ignore the new events
@@ -2291,16 +2341,11 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (isHoverAction) {
+            if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
+                maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                 const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
-                if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
-                    // Pointer left. Remove it
-                    tempTouchState.removeHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId);
-                } else {
-                    // The "windowHandle" is the target of this hovering pointer.
-                    tempTouchState.addHoveringPointerToWindow(windowHandle, entry.deviceId,
-                                                              pointerId);
-                }
+                // The "windowHandle" is the target of this hovering pointer.
+                tempTouchState.addHoveringPointerToWindow(windowHandle, entry.deviceId, pointerId);
             }
 
             // Set target flags.
@@ -2384,7 +2429,7 @@
         /* Case 2: Pointer move, up, cancel or non-splittable pointer down. */
 
         // If the pointer is not currently down, then ignore the event.
-        if (!tempTouchState.isDown()) {
+        if (!tempTouchState.isDown() && maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
             LOG(INFO) << "Dropping event because the pointer is not down or we previously "
                          "dropped the pointer down event in display "
                       << displayId << ": " << entry.getDescription();
@@ -2392,6 +2437,20 @@
             return {};
         }
 
+        // If the pointer is not currently hovering, then ignore the event.
+        if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
+            const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
+            if (oldState == nullptr ||
+                oldState->getWindowsWithHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId).empty()) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "Dropping event because the hovering pointer is not in any windows in "
+                             "display "
+                          << displayId << ": " << entry.getDescription();
+                outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
+                return {};
+            }
+            tempTouchState.removeHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId);
+        }
+
         addDragEventLocked(entry);
 
         // Check whether touches should slip outside of the current foreground window.
@@ -2401,6 +2460,7 @@
             const bool isStylus = isPointerFromStylus(entry, /*pointerIndex=*/0);
             sp<WindowInfoHandle> oldTouchedWindowHandle =
                     tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(oldTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr);
             auto [newTouchedWindowHandle, _] = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
 
             // Verify targeted injection.
@@ -2416,13 +2476,11 @@
                 newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
             }
 
-            if (oldTouchedWindowHandle != newTouchedWindowHandle &&
-                oldTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr && newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
-                if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
-                    ALOGD("Touch is slipping out of window %s into window %s in display %" PRId32,
-                          oldTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(),
-                          newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(), displayId);
-                }
+            if (!haveSameToken(oldTouchedWindowHandle, newTouchedWindowHandle)) {
+                ALOGD("Touch is slipping out of window %s into window %s in display %" PRId32,
+                      oldTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(),
+                      newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(), displayId);
+
                 // Make a slippery exit from the old window.
                 std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
                 const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
@@ -2488,21 +2546,6 @@
                                   targets);
         }
     }
-    // Ensure that we have at least one foreground window or at least one window that cannot be a
-    // foreground target. If we only have windows that are not receiving foreground touches (e.g. we
-    // only have windows getting ACTION_OUTSIDE), then drop the event, because there is no window
-    // that is actually receiving the entire gesture.
-    if (std::none_of(tempTouchState.windows.begin(), tempTouchState.windows.end(),
-                     [](const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow) {
-                         return !canReceiveForegroundTouches(
-                                        *touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()) ||
-                                 touchedWindow.targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND);
-                     })) {
-        ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touched window on display %d to receive it: %s",
-              displayId, entry.getDescription().c_str());
-        outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-        return {};
-    }
 
     // Ensure that all touched windows are valid for injection.
     if (entry.injectionState != nullptr) {
@@ -2544,7 +2587,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // Success!  Output targets from the touch state.
+    // Output targets from the touch state.
     for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
         if (touchedWindow.pointerIds.none() && !touchedWindow.hasHoveringPointers(entry.deviceId)) {
             // Windows with hovering pointers are getting persisted inside TouchState.
@@ -2556,6 +2599,23 @@
                               targets);
     }
 
+    if (targets.empty()) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Dropping event because no targets were found: " << entry.getDescription();
+        outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    // If we only have windows getting ACTION_OUTSIDE, then drop the event, because there is no
+    // window that is actually receiving the entire gesture.
+    if (std::all_of(targets.begin(), targets.end(), [](const InputTarget& target) {
+            return target.flags.test(InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE);
+        })) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Dropping event because all windows would just receive ACTION_OUTSIDE: "
+                  << entry.getDescription();
+        outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
+        return {};
+    }
+
     outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED;
     // Drop the outside or hover touch windows since we will not care about them
     // in the next iteration.
@@ -2666,9 +2726,6 @@
 
     if (uint32_t(pointerIndex) == entry.pointerCount) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Should find a valid pointer index by id %d", mDragState->pointerId);
-        sendDropWindowCommandLocked(nullptr, 0, 0);
-        mDragState.reset();
-        return;
     }
 
     const int32_t maskedAction = entry.action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
@@ -2980,13 +3037,11 @@
     }
     int32_t displayId = getTargetDisplayId(eventEntry);
     sp<WindowInfoHandle> focusedWindowHandle = getFocusedWindowHandleLocked(displayId);
+    const WindowInfo* windowDisablingUserActivityInfo = nullptr;
     if (focusedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
         const WindowInfo* info = focusedWindowHandle->getInfo();
         if (info->inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::DISABLE_USER_ACTIVITY)) {
-            if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
-                ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.", info->name.c_str());
-            }
-            return;
+            windowDisablingUserActivityInfo = info;
         }
     }
 
@@ -2997,7 +3052,13 @@
             if (motionEntry.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
                 return;
             }
-
+            if (windowDisablingUserActivityInfo != nullptr) {
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.",
+                          windowDisablingUserActivityInfo->name.c_str());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
             if (MotionEvent::isTouchEvent(motionEntry.source, motionEntry.action)) {
                 eventType = USER_ACTIVITY_EVENT_TOUCH;
             }
@@ -3008,6 +3069,22 @@
             if (keyEntry.flags & AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) {
                 return;
             }
+            // If the key code is unknown, we don't consider it user activity
+            if (keyEntry.keyCode == AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // Don't inhibit events that were intercepted or are not passed to
+            // the apps, like system shortcuts
+            if (windowDisablingUserActivityInfo != nullptr &&
+                keyEntry.interceptKeyResult != KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::SKIP &&
+                keyEntry.policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER) {
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.",
+                          windowDisablingUserActivityInfo->name.c_str());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
             eventType = USER_ACTIVITY_EVENT_BUTTON;
             break;
         }
@@ -3021,13 +3098,13 @@
     auto command = [this, eventTime = eventEntry.eventTime, eventType, displayId]()
                            REQUIRES(mLock) {
                                scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-                               mPolicy->pokeUserActivity(eventTime, eventType, displayId);
+                               mPolicy.pokeUserActivity(eventTime, eventType, displayId);
                            };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::prepareDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                 const sp<Connection>& connection,
+                                                 const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                                  std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
                                                  const InputTarget& inputTarget) {
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
@@ -3097,7 +3174,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::enqueueDispatchEntriesLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                   const sp<Connection>& connection,
+                                                   const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                                    std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
                                                    const InputTarget& inputTarget) {
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
@@ -3131,7 +3208,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+void InputDispatcher::enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                                  std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
                                                  const InputTarget& inputTarget,
                                                  ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> dispatchMode) {
@@ -3316,14 +3393,14 @@
     }
 
     std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, StrongPointerHash<IBinder>> newConnectionTokens;
-    std::vector<sp<Connection>> newConnections;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Connection>> newConnections;
     for (const InputTarget& target : targets) {
         if (target.flags.test(InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE)) {
             continue; // Skip windows that receive ACTION_OUTSIDE
         }
 
         sp<IBinder> token = target.inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
-        sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(token);
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(token);
         if (connection == nullptr) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -3336,7 +3413,7 @@
     mInteractionConnectionTokens = newConnectionTokens;
 
     std::string targetList;
-    for (const sp<Connection>& connection : newConnections) {
+    for (const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection : newConnections) {
         targetList += connection->getWindowName() + ", ";
     }
     std::string message = "Interaction with: " + targetList;
@@ -3362,7 +3439,7 @@
 
     auto command = [this, token]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->onPointerDownOutsideFocus(token);
+        mPolicy.onPointerDownOutsideFocus(token);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -3416,7 +3493,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::startDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                               const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+                                               const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) {
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
         std::string message = StringPrintf("startDispatchCycleLocked(inputChannel=%s)",
                                            connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
@@ -3573,7 +3650,7 @@
 
 const std::array<uint8_t, 32> InputDispatcher::getSignature(
         const MotionEntry& motionEntry, const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry) const {
-    const int32_t actionMasked = dispatchEntry.resolvedAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
+    const int32_t actionMasked = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(dispatchEntry.resolvedAction);
     if (actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP && actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         // Only sign events up and down events as the purely move events
         // are tied to their up/down counterparts so signing would be redundant.
@@ -3596,8 +3673,8 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::finishDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                const sp<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
-                                                bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
+                                                const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
+                                                uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
     if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
         ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ finishDispatchCycle - seq=%u, handled=%s",
               connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), seq, toString(handled));
@@ -3616,7 +3693,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                     const sp<Connection>& connection,
+                                                     const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                                      bool notify) {
     if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
         LOG(DEBUG) << "channel '" << connection->getInputChannelName() << "'~ " << __func__
@@ -3641,7 +3718,7 @@
 
             auto command = [this, connection]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
                 scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-                mPolicy->notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                mPolicy.notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
             };
             postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
         }
@@ -3665,7 +3742,7 @@
 
 int InputDispatcher::handleReceiveCallback(int events, sp<IBinder> connectionToken) {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         ALOGW("Received looper callback for unknown input channel token %p.  events=0x%x",
               connectionToken.get(), events);
@@ -3757,7 +3834,7 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(
         const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel, const CancelationOptions& options) {
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(channel->getConnectionToken());
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(channel->getConnectionToken());
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -3766,7 +3843,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(
-        const sp<Connection>& connection, const CancelationOptions& options) {
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, const CancelationOptions& options) {
     if (connection->status == Connection::Status::BROKEN) {
         return;
     }
@@ -3844,7 +3921,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(
-        const nsecs_t downTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
+        const nsecs_t downTime, const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
         ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags) {
     if (connection->status == Connection::Status::BROKEN) {
         return;
@@ -3909,7 +3986,8 @@
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(
         const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle, const CancelationOptions& options) {
     if (windowHandle != nullptr) {
-        sp<Connection> wallpaperConnection = getConnectionLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> wallpaperConnection =
+                getConnectionLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
         if (wallpaperConnection != nullptr) {
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(wallpaperConnection, options);
         }
@@ -4092,7 +4170,9 @@
              args.id, args.eventTime, args.deviceId, inputEventSourceToString(args.source).c_str(),
              args.displayId, args.policyFlags, KeyEvent::actionToString(args.action), args.flags,
              KeyEvent::getLabel(args.keyCode), args.scanCode, args.metaState, args.downTime);
-    if (!validateKeyEvent(args.action)) {
+    Result<void> keyCheck = validateKeyEvent(args.action);
+    if (!keyCheck.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid key event: " << keyCheck.error();
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4121,7 +4201,7 @@
                      args.eventTime);
 
     android::base::Timer t;
-    mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(&event, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
+    mPolicy.interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(event, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
     if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
         ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
               std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4135,7 +4215,7 @@
             mLock.unlock();
 
             policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED;
-            if (!mPolicy->filterInputEvent(&event, policyFlags)) {
+            if (!mPolicy.filterInputEvent(event, policyFlags)) {
                 return; // event was consumed by the filter
             }
 
@@ -4189,9 +4269,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (!validateMotionEvent(args.action, args.actionButton, args.pointerCount,
-                             args.pointerProperties)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid event: " << args.dump();
+    Result<void> motionCheck = validateMotionEvent(args.action, args.actionButton,
+                                                   args.pointerCount, args.pointerProperties);
+    if (!motionCheck.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid event: " << args.dump() << "; reason: " << motionCheck.error();
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4199,7 +4280,7 @@
     policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_TRUSTED;
 
     android::base::Timer t;
-    mPolicy->interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(args.displayId, args.eventTime, policyFlags);
+    mPolicy.interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(args.displayId, args.eventTime, policyFlags);
     if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
         ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptMotionBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
               std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4238,7 +4319,7 @@
                              args.pointerProperties, args.pointerCoords);
 
             policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED;
-            if (!mPolicy->filterInputEvent(&event, policyFlags)) {
+            if (!mPolicy.filterInputEvent(event, policyFlags)) {
                 return; // event was consumed by the filter
             }
 
@@ -4304,7 +4385,7 @@
         ALOGD("notifyVibratorState - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", device=%d,  isOn=%d", args.eventTime,
               args.deviceId, args.isOn);
     }
-    mPolicy->notifyVibratorState(args.deviceId, args.isOn);
+    mPolicy.notifyVibratorState(args.deviceId, args.isOn);
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::shouldSendMotionToInputFilterLocked(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
@@ -4320,7 +4401,7 @@
 
     uint32_t policyFlags = args.policyFlags;
     policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_TRUSTED;
-    mPolicy->notifySwitch(args.eventTime, args.switchValues, args.switchMask, policyFlags);
+    mPolicy.notifySwitch(args.eventTime, args.switchValues, args.switchMask, policyFlags);
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs& args) {
@@ -4367,6 +4448,12 @@
                                                             InputEventInjectionSync syncMode,
                                                             std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
                                                             uint32_t policyFlags) {
+    Result<void> eventValidation = validateInputEvent(*event);
+    if (!eventValidation.ok()) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Injection failed: invalid event: " << eventValidation.error();
+        return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
+    }
+
     if (debugInboundEventDetails()) {
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": targetUid=" << toString(targetUid)
                    << ", syncMode=" << ftl::enum_string(syncMode) << ", timeout=" << timeout.count()
@@ -4392,11 +4479,7 @@
     switch (event->getType()) {
         case InputEventType::KEY: {
             const KeyEvent& incomingKey = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(*event);
-            int32_t action = incomingKey.getAction();
-            if (!validateKeyEvent(action)) {
-                return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            }
-
+            const int32_t action = incomingKey.getAction();
             int32_t flags = incomingKey.getFlags();
             if (policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_INJECTED_FROM_ACCESSIBILITY) {
                 flags |= AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_IS_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT;
@@ -4417,7 +4500,7 @@
 
             if (!(policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED)) {
                 android::base::Timer t;
-                mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(&keyEvent, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
+                mPolicy.interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(keyEvent, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
                 if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
                     ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
                           std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4438,25 +4521,18 @@
 
         case InputEventType::MOTION: {
             const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*event);
-            const int32_t action = motionEvent.getAction();
             const bool isPointerEvent =
                     isFromSource(event->getSource(), AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
             // If a pointer event has no displayId specified, inject it to the default display.
             const uint32_t displayId = isPointerEvent && (event->getDisplayId() == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)
                     ? ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT
                     : event->getDisplayId();
-            const size_t pointerCount = motionEvent.getPointerCount();
-            const PointerProperties* pointerProperties = motionEvent.getPointerProperties();
-            const int32_t actionButton = motionEvent.getActionButton();
             int32_t flags = motionEvent.getFlags();
-            if (!validateMotionEvent(action, actionButton, pointerCount, pointerProperties)) {
-                return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            }
 
             if (!(policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED)) {
                 nsecs_t eventTime = motionEvent.getEventTime();
                 android::base::Timer t;
-                mPolicy->interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(displayId, eventTime, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
+                mPolicy.interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(displayId, eventTime, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
                 if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
                     ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptMotionBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
                           std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4473,8 +4549,9 @@
             std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> injectedEntry =
                     std::make_unique<MotionEntry>(motionEvent.getId(), *sampleEventTimes,
                                                   resolvedDeviceId, motionEvent.getSource(),
-                                                  displayId, policyFlags, action, actionButton,
-                                                  flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
+                                                  displayId, policyFlags, motionEvent.getAction(),
+                                                  motionEvent.getActionButton(), flags,
+                                                  motionEvent.getMetaState(),
                                                   motionEvent.getButtonState(),
                                                   motionEvent.getClassification(),
                                                   motionEvent.getEdgeFlags(),
@@ -4482,18 +4559,22 @@
                                                   motionEvent.getYPrecision(),
                                                   motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(),
                                                   motionEvent.getRawYCursorPosition(),
-                                                  motionEvent.getDownTime(), uint32_t(pointerCount),
-                                                  pointerProperties, samplePointerCoords);
+                                                  motionEvent.getDownTime(),
+                                                  motionEvent.getPointerCount(),
+                                                  motionEvent.getPointerProperties(),
+                                                  samplePointerCoords);
             transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*injectedEntry, motionEvent.getTransform());
             injectedEntries.push(std::move(injectedEntry));
             for (size_t i = motionEvent.getHistorySize(); i > 0; i--) {
                 sampleEventTimes += 1;
-                samplePointerCoords += pointerCount;
+                samplePointerCoords += motionEvent.getPointerCount();
                 std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> nextInjectedEntry =
                         std::make_unique<MotionEntry>(motionEvent.getId(), *sampleEventTimes,
                                                       resolvedDeviceId, motionEvent.getSource(),
-                                                      displayId, policyFlags, action, actionButton,
-                                                      flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
+                                                      displayId, policyFlags,
+                                                      motionEvent.getAction(),
+                                                      motionEvent.getActionButton(), flags,
+                                                      motionEvent.getMetaState(),
                                                       motionEvent.getButtonState(),
                                                       motionEvent.getClassification(),
                                                       motionEvent.getEdgeFlags(),
@@ -4502,7 +4583,8 @@
                                                       motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(),
                                                       motionEvent.getRawYCursorPosition(),
                                                       motionEvent.getDownTime(),
-                                                      uint32_t(pointerCount), pointerProperties,
+                                                      motionEvent.getPointerCount(),
+                                                      motionEvent.getPointerProperties(),
                                                       samplePointerCoords);
                 transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*nextInjectedEntry,
                                                        motionEvent.getTransform());
@@ -4796,7 +4878,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(window->getToken());
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(window->getToken());
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         ALOGW("Not sending touch to %s because there's no corresponding connection",
               window->getName().c_str());
@@ -5318,8 +5400,8 @@
         }
 
         // Synthesize cancel for old window and down for new window.
-        sp<Connection> fromConnection = getConnectionLocked(fromToken);
-        sp<Connection> toConnection = getConnectionLocked(toToken);
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> fromConnection = getConnectionLocked(fromToken);
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> toConnection = getConnectionLocked(toToken);
         if (fromConnection != nullptr && toConnection != nullptr) {
             fromConnection->inputState.mergePointerStateTo(toConnection->inputState);
             CancelationOptions
@@ -5411,7 +5493,7 @@
     mReplacedKeys.clear();
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::logDispatchStateLocked() {
+void InputDispatcher::logDispatchStateLocked() const {
     std::string dump;
     dumpDispatchStateLocked(dump);
 
@@ -5419,11 +5501,11 @@
     std::string line;
 
     while (std::getline(stream, line, '\n')) {
-        ALOGD("%s", line.c_str());
+        ALOGI("%s", line.c_str());
     }
 }
 
-std::string InputDispatcher::dumpPointerCaptureStateLocked() {
+std::string InputDispatcher::dumpPointerCaptureStateLocked() const {
     std::string dump;
 
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "Pointer Capture Requested: %s\n",
@@ -5441,7 +5523,7 @@
     return dump;
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::dumpDispatchStateLocked(std::string& dump) {
+void InputDispatcher::dumpDispatchStateLocked(std::string& dump) const {
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "DispatchEnabled: %s\n", toString(mDispatchEnabled));
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "DispatchFrozen: %s\n", toString(mDispatchFrozen));
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "InputFilterEnabled: %s\n", toString(mInputFilterEnabled));
@@ -5529,6 +5611,14 @@
     } else {
         dump += INDENT "Displays: <none>\n";
     }
+    dump += INDENT "Window Infos:\n";
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "vsync id: %" PRId64 "\n", mWindowInfosVsyncId);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "timestamp (ns): %" PRId64 "\n", mWindowInfosTimestamp);
+    dump += "\n";
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "max update delay (ns): %" PRId64 "\n", mMaxWindowInfosDelay);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "max update delay vsync id: %" PRId64 "\n",
+                         mMaxWindowInfosDelayVsyncId);
+    dump += "\n";
 
     if (!mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay.empty()) {
         for (const auto& [displayId, monitors] : mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay) {
@@ -5544,7 +5634,7 @@
     // Dump recently dispatched or dropped events from oldest to newest.
     if (!mRecentQueue.empty()) {
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "RecentQueue: length=%zu\n", mRecentQueue.size());
-        for (std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>& entry : mRecentQueue) {
+        for (const std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>& entry : mRecentQueue) {
             dump += INDENT2;
             dump += entry->getDescription();
             dump += StringPrintf(", age=%" PRId64 "ms\n", ns2ms(currentTime - entry->eventTime));
@@ -5567,7 +5657,7 @@
     // Dump inbound events from oldest to newest.
     if (!mInboundQueue.empty()) {
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "InboundQueue: length=%zu\n", mInboundQueue.size());
-        for (std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>& entry : mInboundQueue) {
+        for (const std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>& entry : mInboundQueue) {
             dump += INDENT2;
             dump += entry->getDescription();
             dump += StringPrintf(", age=%" PRId64 "ms\n", ns2ms(currentTime - entry->eventTime));
@@ -5649,7 +5739,7 @@
     dump += mLatencyAggregator.dump(INDENT2);
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::dumpMonitors(std::string& dump, const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors) {
+void InputDispatcher::dumpMonitors(std::string& dump, const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors) const {
     const size_t numMonitors = monitors.size();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < numMonitors; i++) {
         const Monitor& monitor = monitors[i];
@@ -5685,8 +5775,9 @@
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         const sp<IBinder>& token = serverChannel->getConnectionToken();
         int fd = serverChannel->getFd();
-        sp<Connection> connection =
-                sp<Connection>::make(std::move(serverChannel), /*monitor=*/false, mIdGenerator);
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
+                std::make_shared<Connection>(std::move(serverChannel), /*monitor=*/false,
+                                             mIdGenerator);
 
         if (mConnectionsByToken.find(token) != mConnectionsByToken.end()) {
             ALOGE("Created a new connection, but the token %p is already known", token.get());
@@ -5723,8 +5814,8 @@
                                           << " without a specified display.";
         }
 
-        sp<Connection> connection =
-                sp<Connection>::make(serverChannel, /*monitor=*/true, mIdGenerator);
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
+                std::make_shared<Connection>(serverChannel, /*monitor=*/true, mIdGenerator);
         const sp<IBinder>& token = serverChannel->getConnectionToken();
         const int fd = serverChannel->getFd();
 
@@ -5764,7 +5855,7 @@
 
 status_t InputDispatcher::removeInputChannelLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken,
                                                    bool notify) {
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         // Connection can be removed via socket hang up or an explicit call to 'removeInputChannel'
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -5910,7 +6001,8 @@
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-sp<Connection> InputDispatcher::getConnectionLocked(const sp<IBinder>& inputConnectionToken) const {
+std::shared_ptr<Connection> InputDispatcher::getConnectionLocked(
+        const sp<IBinder>& inputConnectionToken) const {
     if (inputConnectionToken == nullptr) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -5925,21 +6017,22 @@
 }
 
 std::string InputDispatcher::getConnectionNameLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) const {
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         return "<nullptr>";
     }
     return connection->getInputChannelName();
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::removeConnectionLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+void InputDispatcher::removeConnectionLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) {
     mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
     mConnectionsByToken.erase(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(nsecs_t finishTime,
-                                                     const sp<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
-                                                     bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
+                                                     const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
+                                                     uint32_t seq, bool handled,
+                                                     nsecs_t consumeTime) {
     // Handle post-event policy actions.
     std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
     if (dispatchEntryIt == connection->waitQueue.end()) {
@@ -6004,7 +6097,7 @@
                                                     const sp<IBinder>& newToken) {
     auto command = [this, oldToken, newToken]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyFocusChanged(oldToken, newToken);
+        mPolicy.notifyFocusChanged(oldToken, newToken);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6012,12 +6105,12 @@
 void InputDispatcher::sendDropWindowCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) {
     auto command = [this, token, x, y]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyDropWindow(token, x, y);
+        mPolicy.notifyDropWindow(token, x, y);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+void InputDispatcher::onAnrLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) {
     if (connection == nullptr) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Caller must check for nullness");
     }
@@ -6059,7 +6152,7 @@
 
     auto command = [this, application = std::move(application)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr(application);
+        mPolicy.notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr(application);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6099,8 +6192,7 @@
     { // release lock
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
         android::base::Timer t;
-        delay = mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(focusedWindowToken, &event,
-                                                       entry.policyFlags);
+        delay = mPolicy.interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(focusedWindowToken, event, entry.policyFlags);
         if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
             ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeDispatching; took %s ms",
                   std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -6122,7 +6214,7 @@
                                                           std::string reason) {
     auto command = [this, token, pid, reason = std::move(reason)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyWindowUnresponsive(token, pid, reason);
+        mPolicy.notifyWindowUnresponsive(token, pid, reason);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6131,7 +6223,7 @@
                                                         std::optional<int32_t> pid) {
     auto command = [this, token, pid]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyWindowResponsive(token, pid);
+        mPolicy.notifyWindowResponsive(token, pid);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6179,9 +6271,9 @@
     sendWindowResponsiveCommandLocked(connectionToken, pid);
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                                       DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
-                                                       KeyEntry& keyEntry, bool handled) {
+bool InputDispatcher::afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
+        KeyEntry& keyEntry, bool handled) {
     if (keyEntry.flags & AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FALLBACK) {
         if (!handled) {
             // Report the key as unhandled, since the fallback was not handled.
@@ -6215,8 +6307,12 @@
 
             mLock.unlock();
 
-            mPolicy->dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(), &event,
-                                          keyEntry.policyFlags, &event);
+            if (const auto unhandledKeyFallback =
+                        mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                                     event, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+                unhandledKeyFallback) {
+                event = *unhandledKeyFallback;
+            }
 
             mLock.lock();
 
@@ -6256,9 +6352,13 @@
 
         mLock.unlock();
 
-        bool fallback =
-                mPolicy->dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                              &event, keyEntry.policyFlags, &event);
+        bool fallback = false;
+        if (auto fb = mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                                   event, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+            fb) {
+            fallback = true;
+            event = *fb;
+        }
 
         mLock.lock();
 
@@ -6356,9 +6456,9 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                                          DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
-                                                          MotionEntry& motionEntry, bool handled) {
+bool InputDispatcher::afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
+        MotionEntry& motionEntry, bool handled) {
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -6510,7 +6610,7 @@
     mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.seq++;
     auto command = [this, request = mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->setPointerCapture(request);
+        mPolicy.setPointerCapture(request);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6534,12 +6634,11 @@
     mLooper->wake();
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
-                                           const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos) {
+void InputDispatcher::onWindowInfosChanged(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update) {
     // The listener sends the windows as a flattened array. Separate the windows by display for
     // more convenient parsing.
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>> handlesPerDisplay;
-    for (const auto& info : windowInfos) {
+    for (const auto& info : update.windowInfos) {
         handlesPerDisplay.emplace(info.displayId, std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>());
         handlesPerDisplay[info.displayId].push_back(sp<WindowInfoHandle>::make(info));
     }
@@ -6554,13 +6653,22 @@
         }
 
         mDisplayInfos.clear();
-        for (const auto& displayInfo : displayInfos) {
+        for (const auto& displayInfo : update.displayInfos) {
             mDisplayInfos.emplace(displayInfo.displayId, displayInfo);
         }
 
         for (const auto& [displayId, handles] : handlesPerDisplay) {
             setInputWindowsLocked(handles, displayId);
         }
+
+        mWindowInfosVsyncId = update.vsyncId;
+        mWindowInfosTimestamp = update.timestamp;
+
+        int64_t delay = systemTime() - update.timestamp;
+        if (delay > mMaxWindowInfosDelay) {
+            mMaxWindowInfosDelay = delay;
+            mMaxWindowInfosDelayVsyncId = update.vsyncId;
+        }
     }
     // Wake up poll loop since it may need to make new input dispatching choices.
     mLooper->wake();
@@ -6583,9 +6691,8 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::DispatcherWindowListener::onWindowInfosChanged(
-        const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
-        const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos) {
-    mDispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos);
+        const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update) {
+    mDispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(update);
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::cancelCurrentTouch() {
@@ -6602,6 +6709,13 @@
     mLooper->wake();
 }
 
+void InputDispatcher::requestRefreshConfiguration() {
+    InputDispatcherConfiguration config = mPolicy.getDispatcherConfiguration();
+
+    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    mConfig = config;
+}
+
 void InputDispatcher::setMonitorDispatchingTimeoutForTest(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout) {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
     mMonitorDispatchingTimeout = timeout;
@@ -6611,7 +6725,7 @@
                                          const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle,
                                          const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& newWindowHandle,
                                          TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId,
-                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) {
+                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) const {
     std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
     pointerIds.set(pointerId);
     const bool oldHasWallpaper = oldWindowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
@@ -6680,9 +6794,11 @@
         wallpaperFlags |= InputTarget::Flags::WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED |
                 InputTarget::Flags::WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
         state.addOrUpdateWindow(newWallpaper, wallpaperFlags, pointerIds, downTimeInTarget);
-        sp<Connection> wallpaperConnection = getConnectionLocked(newWallpaper->getToken());
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> wallpaperConnection =
+                getConnectionLocked(newWallpaper->getToken());
         if (wallpaperConnection != nullptr) {
-            sp<Connection> toConnection = getConnectionLocked(toWindowHandle->getToken());
+            std::shared_ptr<Connection> toConnection =
+                    getConnectionLocked(toWindowHandle->getToken());
             toConnection->inputState.mergePointerStateTo(wallpaperConnection->inputState);
             synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(downTimeInTarget, wallpaperConnection,
                                                            wallpaperFlags);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 4aba24c..9b12f2f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 #include <attestation/HmacKeyManager.h>
 #include <gui/InputApplication.h>
-#include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@
 public:
     static constexpr bool kDefaultInTouchMode = true;
 
-    explicit InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy);
-    explicit InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy,
+    explicit InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy);
+    explicit InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy,
                              std::chrono::nanoseconds staleEventTimeout);
     ~InputDispatcher() override;
 
@@ -144,11 +144,12 @@
     void displayRemoved(int32_t displayId) override;
 
     // Public because it's also used by tests to simulate the WindowInfosListener callback
-    void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<android::gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
-                              const std::vector<android::gui::DisplayInfo>& displayInfos);
+    void onWindowInfosChanged(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate&);
 
     void cancelCurrentTouch() override;
 
+    void requestRefreshConfiguration() override;
+
     // Public to allow tests to verify that a Monitor can get ANR.
     void setMonitorDispatchingTimeoutForTest(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout);
 
@@ -165,8 +166,8 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<InputThread> mThread;
 
-    sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface> mPolicy;
-    android::InputDispatcherConfiguration mConfig;
+    InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& mPolicy;
+    android::InputDispatcherConfiguration mConfig GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     std::mutex mLock;
 
@@ -203,6 +204,11 @@
 
     const IdGenerator mIdGenerator;
 
+    int64_t mWindowInfosVsyncId GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    int64_t mWindowInfosTimestamp GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    int64_t mMaxWindowInfosDelay GUARDED_BY(mLock) = -1;
+    int64_t mMaxWindowInfosDelayVsyncId GUARDED_BY(mLock) = -1;
+
     // With each iteration, InputDispatcher nominally processes one queued event,
     // a timeout, or a response from an input consumer.
     // This method should only be called on the input dispatcher's own thread.
@@ -232,7 +238,7 @@
     nsecs_t mAppSwitchDueTime GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     bool isAppSwitchKeyEvent(const KeyEntry& keyEntry);
-    bool isAppSwitchPendingLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    bool isAppSwitchPendingLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
     void resetPendingAppSwitchLocked(bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Blocked event latency optimization.  Drops old events when the user intends
@@ -249,12 +255,12 @@
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findTouchedForegroundWindowLocked(int32_t displayId) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    sp<Connection> getConnectionLocked(const sp<IBinder>& inputConnectionToken) const
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> getConnectionLocked(const sp<IBinder>& inputConnectionToken) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     std::string getConnectionNameLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    void removeConnectionLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void removeConnectionLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     status_t pilferPointersLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
@@ -264,8 +270,8 @@
     };
 
     // All registered connections mapped by input channel token.
-    std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, sp<Connection>, StrongPointerHash<IBinder>> mConnectionsByToken
-            GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, std::shared_ptr<Connection>, StrongPointerHash<IBinder>>
+            mConnectionsByToken GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     // Find a monitor pid by the provided token.
     std::optional<int32_t> findMonitorPidByTokenLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -328,8 +334,8 @@
     std::chrono::nanoseconds mMonitorDispatchingTimeout GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     nsecs_t processAnrsLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(
+            const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Input filter processing.
     bool shouldSendKeyToInputFilterLocked(const NotifyKeyArgs& args) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -354,9 +360,7 @@
     class DispatcherWindowListener : public gui::WindowInfosListener {
     public:
         explicit DispatcherWindowListener(InputDispatcher& dispatcher) : mDispatcher(dispatcher){};
-        void onWindowInfosChanged(
-                const std::vector<android::gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
-                const std::vector<android::gui::DisplayInfo>& displayInfos) override;
+        void onWindowInfosChanged(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate&) override;
 
     private:
         InputDispatcher& mDispatcher;
@@ -533,7 +537,7 @@
     // prevent unneeded wakeups.
     AnrTracker mAnrTracker GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    void cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
     // If a focused application changes, we should stop counting down the "no focused window" time,
     // because we will have no way of knowing when the previous application actually added a window.
     // This also means that we will miss cases like pulling down notification shade when the
@@ -594,22 +598,26 @@
     // These methods are deliberately not Interruptible because doing all of the work
     // with the mutex held makes it easier to ensure that connection invariants are maintained.
     // If needed, the methods post commands to run later once the critical bits are done.
-    void prepareDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
+    void prepareDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                    const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                     std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>, const InputTarget& inputTarget)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void enqueueDispatchEntriesLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
+    void enqueueDispatchEntriesLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                      const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                       std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>, const InputTarget& inputTarget)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection, std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>,
-                                    const InputTarget& inputTarget,
+    void enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
+                                    std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>, const InputTarget& inputTarget,
                                     ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> dispatchMode) REQUIRES(mLock);
     status_t publishMotionEvent(Connection& connection, DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry) const;
-    void startDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection)
+    void startDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                  const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void finishDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                   const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
+                                   bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, bool notify)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void finishDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                   uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                        bool notify) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void drainDispatchQueue(std::deque<DispatchEntry*>& queue);
     void releaseDispatchEntry(DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry);
     int handleReceiveCallback(int events, sp<IBinder> connectionToken);
@@ -624,14 +632,13 @@
     void synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(
             const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel, const CancelationOptions& options)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                                        const CancelationOptions& options)
+    void synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(
+            const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, const CancelationOptions& options)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    void synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(const nsecs_t downTime,
-                                                        const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                                        ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(
+            const nsecs_t downTime, const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
+            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     void synthesizeCancelationEventsForWindowLocked(
             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
@@ -647,10 +654,10 @@
     void resetAndDropEverythingLocked(const char* reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Dump state.
-    void dumpDispatchStateLocked(std::string& dump) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void dumpMonitors(std::string& dump, const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors);
-    void logDispatchStateLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::string dumpPointerCaptureStateLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void dumpDispatchStateLocked(std::string& dump) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void dumpMonitors(std::string& dump, const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors) const;
+    void logDispatchStateLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    std::string dumpPointerCaptureStateLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Registration.
     void removeMonitorChannelLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -658,16 +665,16 @@
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Interesting events that we might like to log or tell the framework about.
-    void doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(nsecs_t finishTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                        uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(nsecs_t finishTime,
+                                        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
+                                        bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(const sp<IBinder>& focusedWindowToken,
                                                 KeyEntry& entry) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onFocusChangedLocked(const FocusResolver::FocusChanges& changes) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void sendFocusChangedCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& oldToken, const sp<IBinder>& newToken)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     void sendDropWindowCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void onAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void onAnrLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onAnrLocked(std::shared_ptr<InputApplicationHandle> application) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& window,
                                   const std::string& reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -675,10 +682,10 @@
                                   const std::string& reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const std::string& windowLabel, const std::string& reason)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    bool afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+    bool afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                           DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry, KeyEntry& keyEntry,
                                           bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    bool afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+    bool afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                              DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry, MotionEntry& motionEntry,
                                              bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
@@ -702,8 +709,8 @@
     void slipWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
                             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle,
                             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& newWindowHandle,
-                            TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId, std::vector<InputTarget>& targets)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+                            TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId,
+                            std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     void transferWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> oldTargetFlags,
                                 ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> newTargetFlags,
                                 const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> fromWindowHandle,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
index bca1600..3ef8419 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
-        const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy) {
+        InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy) {
     return std::make_unique<android::inputdispatcher::InputDispatcher>(policy);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.cpp
index a5bfc25..96d78c3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.cpp
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::string LatencyAggregator::dump(const char* prefix) {
+std::string LatencyAggregator::dump(const char* prefix) const {
     std::string sketchDump = StringPrintf("%s  Sketches:\n", prefix);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < SketchIndex::SIZE; i++) {
         const int64_t numDown = mDownSketches[i]->num_values();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.h
index accfc29..60b6813 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyAggregator.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
      */
     void processTimeline(const InputEventTimeline& timeline) override;
 
-    std::string dump(const char* prefix);
+    std::string dump(const char* prefix) const;
 
     ~LatencyAggregator();
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.cpp
index 2dd7d3f..b7c36a8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.cpp
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::string LatencyTracker::dump(const char* prefix) {
+std::string LatencyTracker::dump(const char* prefix) const {
     return StringPrintf("%sLatencyTracker:\n", prefix) +
             StringPrintf("%s  mTimelines.size() = %zu\n", prefix, mTimelines.size()) +
             StringPrintf("%s  mEventTimes.size() = %zu\n", prefix, mEventTimes.size());
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.h
index 64dfeef..4212da8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/LatencyTracker.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     void trackGraphicsLatency(int32_t inputEventId, const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken,
                               std::array<nsecs_t, GraphicsTimeline::SIZE> timeline);
 
-    std::string dump(const char* prefix);
+    std::string dump(const char* prefix) const;
 
 private:
     /**
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
index 9c443f1..0a61d48 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
@@ -242,6 +242,18 @@
     clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
 }
 
+void TouchState::removeAllPointersForDevice(int32_t removedDeviceId) {
+    for (TouchedWindow& window : windows) {
+        window.removeAllHoveringPointersForDevice(removedDeviceId);
+    }
+    if (deviceId == removedDeviceId) {
+        for (TouchedWindow& window : windows) {
+            window.removeAllTouchingPointers();
+        }
+    }
+    clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
+}
+
 std::string TouchState::dump() const {
     std::string out;
     out += StringPrintf("deviceId=%d, source=%s\n", deviceId,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
index a20080f..15b840f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
                                     int32_t deviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId);
     void removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId);
     void clearHoveringPointers();
+
+    void removeAllPointersForDevice(int32_t removedDeviceId);
     void removeWindowByToken(const sp<IBinder>& token);
     void filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
index 99c4769..d55d657 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void TouchedWindow::removeAllTouchingPointers() {
+    pointerIds.reset();
+}
+
 void TouchedWindow::removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) {
     const auto it = mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.find(deviceId);
     if (it == mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.end()) {
@@ -70,6 +74,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void TouchedWindow::removeAllHoveringPointersForDevice(int32_t deviceId) {
+    mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.erase(deviceId);
+}
+
 std::string TouchedWindow::dump() const {
     std::string out;
     std::string hoveringPointers =
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
index aa2e9dd..43e7169 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@
     void addHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId);
     void removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId);
     void removeTouchingPointer(int32_t pointerId);
+
+    void removeAllTouchingPointers();
+    void removeAllHoveringPointersForDevice(int32_t deviceId);
     void clearHoveringPointers();
     std::string dump() const;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
index 5247d8e..6b298c2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
 
 // This factory method is used to encapsulate implementation details in internal header files.
 std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
-        const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy);
+        InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
index 76dce63..c752ddd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
@@ -225,6 +225,12 @@
      * Abort the current touch stream.
      */
     virtual void cancelCurrentTouch() = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Request that the InputDispatcher's configuration, which can be obtained through the policy,
+     * be updated.
+     */
+    virtual void requestRefreshConfiguration() = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h
index 7843923..5539915 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h
@@ -35,12 +35,11 @@
  * The actual implementation is partially supported by callbacks into the DVM
  * via JNI.  This interface is also mocked in the unit tests.
  */
-class InputDispatcherPolicyInterface : public virtual RefBase {
-protected:
-    InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() {}
-    virtual ~InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() {}
-
+class InputDispatcherPolicyInterface {
 public:
+    InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() = default;
+    virtual ~InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() = default;
+
     /* Notifies the system that a configuration change has occurred. */
     virtual void notifyConfigurationChanged(nsecs_t when) = 0;
 
@@ -75,14 +74,14 @@
     virtual void notifyVibratorState(int32_t deviceId, bool isOn) = 0;
 
     /* Gets the input dispatcher configuration. */
-    virtual void getDispatcherConfiguration(InputDispatcherConfiguration* outConfig) = 0;
+    virtual InputDispatcherConfiguration getDispatcherConfiguration() = 0;
 
     /* Filters an input event.
      * Return true to dispatch the event unmodified, false to consume the event.
      * A filter can also transform and inject events later by passing POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED
      * to injectInputEvent.
      */
-    virtual bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
+    virtual bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Intercepts a key event immediately before queueing it.
      * The policy can use this method as an opportunity to perform power management functions
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@
      * This method is expected to set the POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER policy flag if the event
      * should be dispatched to applications.
      */
-    virtual void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent* keyEvent, uint32_t& policyFlags) = 0;
+    virtual void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent& keyEvent, uint32_t& policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Intercepts a touch, trackball or other motion event before queueing it.
      * The policy can use this method as an opportunity to perform power management functions
@@ -100,18 +99,19 @@
      * This method is expected to set the POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER policy flag if the event
      * should be dispatched to applications.
      */
-    virtual void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(const int32_t displayId, nsecs_t when,
+    virtual void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(int32_t displayId, nsecs_t when,
                                                uint32_t& policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Allows the policy a chance to intercept a key before dispatching. */
     virtual nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>& token,
-                                                  const KeyEvent* keyEvent,
+                                                  const KeyEvent& keyEvent,
                                                   uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Allows the policy a chance to perform default processing for an unhandled key.
-     * Returns an alternate keycode to redispatch as a fallback, or 0 to give up. */
-    virtual bool dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>& token, const KeyEvent* keyEvent,
-                                      uint32_t policyFlags, KeyEvent* outFallbackKeyEvent) = 0;
+     * Returns an alternate key event to redispatch as a fallback, if needed. */
+    virtual std::optional<KeyEvent> dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>& token,
+                                                         const KeyEvent& keyEvent,
+                                                         uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Notifies the policy about switch events.
      */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp
index 743587c..4d2839f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libinputflingerhost",
-
+    cpp_std: "c++20",
     srcs: [
         "InputFlinger.cpp",
         "InputDriver.cpp",
@@ -64,14 +64,17 @@
 
     srcs: ["main.cpp"],
 
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
         "libinputflingerhost",
         "libutils",
-        "libinput"
+        "libinput",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libarect",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
index 1750c64..a93a2ea 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
@@ -42,118 +42,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-// --- InputReaderInterface ---
-
-/* The interface for the InputReader shared library.
- *
- * Manages one or more threads that process raw input events and sends cooked event data to an
- * input listener.
- *
- * The implementation must guarantee thread safety for this interface. However, since the input
- * listener is NOT thread safe, all calls to the listener must happen from the same thread.
- */
-class InputReaderInterface {
-public:
-    InputReaderInterface() { }
-    virtual ~InputReaderInterface() { }
-
-    /* Dumps the state of the input reader.
-     *
-     * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager). */
-    virtual void dump(std::string& dump) = 0;
-
-    /* Called by the heartbeat to ensures that the reader has not deadlocked. */
-    virtual void monitor() = 0;
-
-    /* Returns true if the input device is enabled. */
-    virtual bool isInputDeviceEnabled(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-
-    /* Makes the reader start processing events from the kernel. */
-    virtual status_t start() = 0;
-
-    /* Makes the reader stop processing any more events. */
-    virtual status_t stop() = 0;
-
-    /* Gets information about all input devices.
-     *
-     * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager).
-     */
-    virtual std::vector<InputDeviceInfo> getInputDevices() const = 0;
-
-    /* Query current input state. */
-    virtual int32_t getScanCodeState(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask,
-            int32_t scanCode) = 0;
-    virtual int32_t getKeyCodeState(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask,
-            int32_t keyCode) = 0;
-    virtual int32_t getSwitchState(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask,
-            int32_t sw) = 0;
-
-    virtual void addKeyRemapping(int32_t deviceId, int32_t fromKeyCode,
-                                 int32_t toKeyCode) const = 0;
-
-    virtual int32_t getKeyCodeForKeyLocation(int32_t deviceId, int32_t locationKeyCode) const = 0;
-
-    /* Toggle Caps Lock */
-    virtual void toggleCapsLockState(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-
-    /* Determine whether physical keys exist for the given framework-domain key codes. */
-    virtual bool hasKeys(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask,
-                         const std::vector<int32_t>& keyCodes, uint8_t* outFlags) = 0;
-
-    /* Requests that a reconfiguration of all input devices.
-     * The changes flag is a bitfield that indicates what has changed and whether
-     * the input devices must all be reopened. */
-    virtual void requestRefreshConfiguration(uint32_t changes) = 0;
-
-    /* Controls the vibrator of a particular input device. */
-    virtual void vibrate(int32_t deviceId, const VibrationSequence& sequence, ssize_t repeat,
-                         int32_t token) = 0;
-    virtual void cancelVibrate(int32_t deviceId, int32_t token) = 0;
-
-    virtual bool isVibrating(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-
-    virtual std::vector<int32_t> getVibratorIds(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-    /* Get battery level of a particular input device. */
-    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getBatteryCapacity(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-    /* Get battery status of a particular input device. */
-    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getBatteryStatus(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-    /* Get the device path for the battery of an input device. */
-    virtual std::optional<std::string> getBatteryDevicePath(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-
-    virtual std::vector<InputDeviceLightInfo> getLights(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-
-    virtual std::vector<InputDeviceSensorInfo> getSensors(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
-
-    /* Return true if the device can send input events to the specified display. */
-    virtual bool canDispatchToDisplay(int32_t deviceId, int32_t displayId) = 0;
-
-    /* Enable sensor in input reader mapper. */
-    virtual bool enableSensor(int32_t deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType,
-                              std::chrono::microseconds samplingPeriod,
-                              std::chrono::microseconds maxBatchReportLatency) = 0;
-
-    /* Disable sensor in input reader mapper. */
-    virtual void disableSensor(int32_t deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType) = 0;
-
-    /* Flush sensor data in input reader mapper. */
-    virtual void flushSensor(int32_t deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType) = 0;
-
-    /* Set color for the light */
-    virtual bool setLightColor(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId, int32_t color) = 0;
-    /* Set player ID for the light */
-    virtual bool setLightPlayerId(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId, int32_t playerId) = 0;
-    /* Get light color */
-    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getLightColor(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId) = 0;
-    /* Get light player ID */
-    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getLightPlayerId(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId) = 0;
-
-    /* Get the Bluetooth address of an input device, if known. */
-    virtual std::optional<std::string> getBluetoothAddress(int32_t deviceId) const = 0;
-
-    /* Sysfs node change reported. Recreate device if required to incorporate the new sysfs nodes */
-    virtual void sysfsNodeChanged(const std::string& sysfsNodePath) = 0;
-};
-
 // --- InputReaderConfiguration ---
 
 /*
@@ -163,51 +51,51 @@
  */
 struct InputReaderConfiguration {
     // Describes changes that have occurred.
-    enum {
+    enum class Change : uint32_t {
         // The mouse pointer speed changed.
-        CHANGE_POINTER_SPEED = 1 << 0,
+        POINTER_SPEED = 1u << 0,
 
         // The pointer gesture control changed.
-        CHANGE_POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT = 1 << 1,
+        POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT = 1u << 1,
 
         // The display size or orientation changed.
-        CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO = 1 << 2,
+        DISPLAY_INFO = 1u << 2,
 
         // The visible touches option changed.
-        CHANGE_SHOW_TOUCHES = 1 << 3,
+        SHOW_TOUCHES = 1u << 3,
 
         // The keyboard layouts must be reloaded.
-        CHANGE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS = 1 << 4,
+        KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS = 1u << 4,
 
         // The device name alias supplied by the may have changed for some devices.
-        CHANGE_DEVICE_ALIAS = 1 << 5,
+        DEVICE_ALIAS = 1u << 5,
 
         // The location calibration matrix changed.
-        CHANGE_TOUCH_AFFINE_TRANSFORMATION = 1 << 6,
+        TOUCH_AFFINE_TRANSFORMATION = 1u << 6,
 
         // The presence of an external stylus has changed.
-        CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE = 1 << 7,
+        EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE = 1u << 7,
 
         // The pointer capture mode has changed.
-        CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE = 1 << 8,
+        POINTER_CAPTURE = 1u << 8,
 
         // The set of disabled input devices (disabledDevices) has changed.
-        CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE = 1 << 9,
+        ENABLED_STATE = 1u << 9,
 
         // The device type has been updated.
-        CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE = 1 << 10,
+        DEVICE_TYPE = 1u << 10,
 
         // The keyboard layout association has changed.
-        CHANGE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION = 1 << 11,
+        KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION = 1u << 11,
 
         // The stylus button reporting configurations has changed.
-        CHANGE_STYLUS_BUTTON_REPORTING = 1 << 12,
+        STYLUS_BUTTON_REPORTING = 1u << 12,
 
         // The touchpad settings changed.
-        CHANGE_TOUCHPAD_SETTINGS = 1 << 13,
+        TOUCHPAD_SETTINGS = 1u << 13,
 
         // All devices must be reopened.
-        CHANGE_MUST_REOPEN = 1 << 31,
+        MUST_REOPEN = 1u << 31,
     };
 
     // Gets the amount of time to disable virtual keys after the screen is touched
@@ -367,8 +255,6 @@
             stylusButtonMotionEventsEnabled(true),
             stylusPointerIconEnabled(false) {}
 
-    static std::string changesToString(uint32_t changes);
-
     std::optional<DisplayViewport> getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType type) const;
     std::optional<DisplayViewport> getDisplayViewportByUniqueId(const std::string& uniqueDisplayId)
             const;
@@ -383,6 +269,116 @@
     std::vector<DisplayViewport> mDisplays;
 };
 
+using ConfigurationChanges = ftl::Flags<InputReaderConfiguration::Change>;
+
+// --- InputReaderInterface ---
+
+/* The interface for the InputReader shared library.
+ *
+ * Manages one or more threads that process raw input events and sends cooked event data to an
+ * input listener.
+ *
+ * The implementation must guarantee thread safety for this interface. However, since the input
+ * listener is NOT thread safe, all calls to the listener must happen from the same thread.
+ */
+class InputReaderInterface {
+public:
+    InputReaderInterface() {}
+    virtual ~InputReaderInterface() {}
+    /* Dumps the state of the input reader.
+     *
+     * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager). */
+    virtual void dump(std::string& dump) = 0;
+
+    /* Called by the heartbeat to ensures that the reader has not deadlocked. */
+    virtual void monitor() = 0;
+
+    /* Returns true if the input device is enabled. */
+    virtual bool isInputDeviceEnabled(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    /* Makes the reader start processing events from the kernel. */
+    virtual status_t start() = 0;
+
+    /* Makes the reader stop processing any more events. */
+    virtual status_t stop() = 0;
+
+    /* Gets information about all input devices.
+     *
+     * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager).
+     */
+    virtual std::vector<InputDeviceInfo> getInputDevices() const = 0;
+
+    /* Query current input state. */
+    virtual int32_t getScanCodeState(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask, int32_t scanCode) = 0;
+    virtual int32_t getKeyCodeState(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask, int32_t keyCode) = 0;
+    virtual int32_t getSwitchState(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask, int32_t sw) = 0;
+
+    virtual void addKeyRemapping(int32_t deviceId, int32_t fromKeyCode,
+                                 int32_t toKeyCode) const = 0;
+
+    virtual int32_t getKeyCodeForKeyLocation(int32_t deviceId, int32_t locationKeyCode) const = 0;
+
+    /* Toggle Caps Lock */
+    virtual void toggleCapsLockState(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    /* Determine whether physical keys exist for the given framework-domain key codes. */
+    virtual bool hasKeys(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask,
+                         const std::vector<int32_t>& keyCodes, uint8_t* outFlags) = 0;
+
+    /* Requests that a reconfiguration of all input devices.
+     * The changes flag is a bitfield that indicates what has changed and whether
+     * the input devices must all be reopened. */
+    virtual void requestRefreshConfiguration(ConfigurationChanges changes) = 0;
+
+    /* Controls the vibrator of a particular input device. */
+    virtual void vibrate(int32_t deviceId, const VibrationSequence& sequence, ssize_t repeat,
+                         int32_t token) = 0;
+    virtual void cancelVibrate(int32_t deviceId, int32_t token) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool isVibrating(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<int32_t> getVibratorIds(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+    /* Get battery level of a particular input device. */
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getBatteryCapacity(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+    /* Get battery status of a particular input device. */
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getBatteryStatus(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+    /* Get the device path for the battery of an input device. */
+    virtual std::optional<std::string> getBatteryDevicePath(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<InputDeviceLightInfo> getLights(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<InputDeviceSensorInfo> getSensors(int32_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    /* Return true if the device can send input events to the specified display. */
+    virtual bool canDispatchToDisplay(int32_t deviceId, int32_t displayId) = 0;
+
+    /* Enable sensor in input reader mapper. */
+    virtual bool enableSensor(int32_t deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType,
+                              std::chrono::microseconds samplingPeriod,
+                              std::chrono::microseconds maxBatchReportLatency) = 0;
+
+    /* Disable sensor in input reader mapper. */
+    virtual void disableSensor(int32_t deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType) = 0;
+
+    /* Flush sensor data in input reader mapper. */
+    virtual void flushSensor(int32_t deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType) = 0;
+
+    /* Set color for the light */
+    virtual bool setLightColor(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId, int32_t color) = 0;
+    /* Set player ID for the light */
+    virtual bool setLightPlayerId(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId, int32_t playerId) = 0;
+    /* Get light color */
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getLightColor(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId) = 0;
+    /* Get light player ID */
+    virtual std::optional<int32_t> getLightPlayerId(int32_t deviceId, int32_t lightId) = 0;
+
+    /* Get the Bluetooth address of an input device, if known. */
+    virtual std::optional<std::string> getBluetoothAddress(int32_t deviceId) const = 0;
+
+    /* Sysfs node change reported. Recreate device if required to incorporate the new sysfs nodes */
+    virtual void sysfsNodeChanged(const std::string& sysfsNodePath) = 0;
+};
+
 // --- TouchAffineTransformation ---
 
 struct TouchAffineTransformation {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
index 132c3a1..b0edb57 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
         "Macros.cpp",
         "TouchVideoDevice.cpp",
         "controller/PeripheralController.cpp",
+        "mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.cpp",
         "mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp",
         "mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp",
         "mapper/InputMapper.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
index b5ee044..b86906b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> InputDevice::configure(nsecs_t when,
                                              const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig,
-                                             uint32_t changes) {
+                                             ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
     mSources = 0;
     mClasses = ftl::Flags<InputDeviceClass>(0);
@@ -201,12 +201,14 @@
     mIsExternal = mClasses.test(InputDeviceClass::EXTERNAL);
     mHasMic = mClasses.test(InputDeviceClass::MIC);
 
+    using Change = InputReaderConfiguration::Change;
+
     if (!isIgnored()) {
         // Full configuration should happen the first time configure is called
         // and when the device type is changed. Changing a device type can
         // affect various other parameters so should result in a
         // reconfiguration.
-        if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE)) {
+        if (!changes.any() || changes.test(Change::DEVICE_TYPE)) {
             mConfiguration.clear();
             for_each_subdevice([this](InputDeviceContext& context) {
                 std::optional<PropertyMap> configuration =
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@
                     getValueByKey(readerConfig.deviceTypeAssociations, mIdentifier.location);
         }
 
-        if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS)) {
+        if (!changes.any() || changes.test(Change::KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS)) {
             if (!mClasses.test(InputDeviceClass::VIRTUAL)) {
                 std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap> keyboardLayout =
                         mContext->getPolicy()->getKeyboardLayoutOverlay(mIdentifier);
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_ALIAS)) {
+        if (!changes.any() || changes.test(Change::DEVICE_ALIAS)) {
             if (!(mClasses.test(InputDeviceClass::VIRTUAL))) {
                 std::string alias = mContext->getPolicy()->getDeviceAlias(mIdentifier);
                 if (mAlias != alias) {
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE) {
+        if (changes.test(Change::ENABLED_STATE)) {
             // Do not execute this code on the first configure, because 'setEnabled' would call
             // InputMapper::reset, and you can't reset a mapper before it has been configured.
             // The mappers are configured for the first time at the bottom of this function.
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@
             out += setEnabled(enabled, when);
         }
 
-        if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+        if (!changes.any() || changes.test(Change::DISPLAY_INFO)) {
             // In most situations, no port or name will be specified.
             mAssociatedDisplayPort = std::nullopt;
             mAssociatedDisplayUniqueId = std::nullopt;
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@
                 }
             }
 
-            if (changes) {
+            if (changes.any()) {
                 // For first-time configuration, only allow device to be disabled after mappers have
                 // finished configuring. This is because we need to read some of the properties from
                 // the device's open fd.
@@ -320,7 +322,7 @@
 
         // If a device is just plugged but it might be disabled, we need to update some info like
         // axis range of touch from each InputMapper first, then disable it.
-        if (!changes) {
+        if (!changes.any()) {
             out += setEnabled(readerConfig.disabledDevices.find(mId) ==
                                       readerConfig.disabledDevices.end(),
                               when);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
index 0afe79d..ea95f78 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
         mDisableVirtualKeysTimeout(LLONG_MIN),
         mNextTimeout(LLONG_MAX),
         mConfigurationChangesToRefresh(0) {
-    refreshConfigurationLocked(0);
+    refreshConfigurationLocked(/*changes=*/{});
     updateGlobalMetaStateLocked();
 }
 
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@
         oldGeneration = mGeneration;
         timeoutMillis = -1;
 
-        uint32_t changes = mConfigurationChangesToRefresh;
-        if (changes) {
-            mConfigurationChangesToRefresh = 0;
+        auto changes = mConfigurationChangesToRefresh;
+        if (changes.any()) {
+            mConfigurationChangesToRefresh.clear();
             timeoutMillis = 0;
             refreshConfigurationLocked(changes);
         } else if (mNextTimeout != LLONG_MAX) {
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
     InputDeviceIdentifier identifier = mEventHub->getDeviceIdentifier(eventHubId);
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> device = createDeviceLocked(eventHubId, identifier);
 
-    notifyAll(device->configure(when, mConfig, 0));
+    notifyAll(device->configure(when, mConfig, /*changes=*/{}));
     notifyAll(device->reset(when));
 
     if (device->isIgnored()) {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
 
     std::list<NotifyArgs> resetEvents;
     if (device->hasEventHubDevices()) {
-        resetEvents += device->configure(when, mConfig, 0);
+        resetEvents += device->configure(when, mConfig, /*changes=*/{});
     }
     resetEvents += device->reset(when);
     notifyAll(std::move(resetEvents));
@@ -390,21 +390,21 @@
     mQueuedListener.notifyConfigurationChanged({mContext.getNextId(), when});
 }
 
-void InputReader::refreshConfigurationLocked(uint32_t changes) {
+void InputReader::refreshConfigurationLocked(ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     mPolicy->getReaderConfiguration(&mConfig);
     mEventHub->setExcludedDevices(mConfig.excludedDeviceNames);
 
-    if (!changes) return;
+    using Change = InputReaderConfiguration::Change;
+    if (!changes.any()) return;
 
-    ALOGI("Reconfiguring input devices, changes=%s",
-          InputReaderConfiguration::changesToString(changes).c_str());
+    ALOGI("Reconfiguring input devices, changes=%s", changes.string().c_str());
     nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 
-    if (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO) {
+    if (changes.test(Change::DISPLAY_INFO)) {
         updatePointerDisplayLocked();
     }
 
-    if (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_MUST_REOPEN) {
+    if (changes.test(Change::MUST_REOPEN)) {
         mEventHub->requestReopenDevices();
     } else {
         for (auto& devicePair : mDevices) {
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE) {
+    if (changes.test(Change::POINTER_CAPTURE)) {
         if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest == mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest) {
             ALOGV("Skipping notifying pointer capture changes: "
                   "There was no change in the pointer capture state.");
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputReader::notifyExternalStylusPresenceChangedLocked() {
-    refreshConfigurationLocked(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE);
+    refreshConfigurationLocked(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE);
 }
 
 void InputReader::getExternalStylusDevicesLocked(std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>& outDevices) {
@@ -671,11 +671,11 @@
     return device->getKeyCodeForKeyLocation(locationKeyCode);
 }
 
-void InputReader::requestRefreshConfiguration(uint32_t changes) {
+void InputReader::requestRefreshConfiguration(ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
 
-    if (changes) {
-        bool needWake = !mConfigurationChangesToRefresh;
+    if (changes.any()) {
+        bool needWake = !mConfigurationChangesToRefresh.any();
         mConfigurationChangesToRefresh |= changes;
 
         if (needWake) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
index 2091e16..6303546 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
     void removeEventHubDevice(int32_t eventHubId);
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> configure(nsecs_t when,
                                                   const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig,
-                                                  uint32_t changes);
+                                                  ConfigurationChanges changes);
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when);
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvents, size_t count);
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> timeoutExpired(nsecs_t when);
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@
     inline const std::string getName() const { return mDevice.getName(); }
     inline const std::string getDescriptor() { return mDevice.getDescriptor(); }
     inline const std::string getLocation() { return mDevice.getLocation(); }
-    inline bool isExternal() { return mDevice.isExternal(); }
+    inline bool isExternal() const { return mDevice.isExternal(); }
     inline std::optional<uint8_t> getAssociatedDisplayPort() const {
         return mDevice.getAssociatedDisplayPort();
     }
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
         return mDevice.cancelTouch(when, readTime);
     }
     inline void bumpGeneration() { mDevice.bumpGeneration(); }
-    inline const PropertyMap& getConfiguration() { return mDevice.getConfiguration(); }
+    inline const PropertyMap& getConfiguration() const { return mDevice.getConfiguration(); }
 
 private:
     InputDevice& mDevice;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
index 120e150..9112913 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
     bool hasKeys(int32_t deviceId, uint32_t sourceMask, const std::vector<int32_t>& keyCodes,
                  uint8_t* outFlags) override;
 
-    void requestRefreshConfiguration(uint32_t changes) override;
+    void requestRefreshConfiguration(ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
 
     void vibrate(int32_t deviceId, const VibrationSequence& sequence, ssize_t repeat,
                  int32_t token) override;
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@
     nsecs_t mNextTimeout GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     void requestTimeoutAtTimeLocked(nsecs_t when) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    uint32_t mConfigurationChangesToRefresh GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    void refreshConfigurationLocked(uint32_t changes) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    ConfigurationChanges mConfigurationChangesToRefresh GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    void refreshConfigurationLocked(ConfigurationChanges changes) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     void notifyAll(std::list<NotifyArgs>&& argsList);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dab4661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <gui/constants.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
+#include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+int32_t actionWithIndex(int32_t action, int32_t index) {
+    return action | (index << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+size_t firstUnmarkedBit(T set) {
+    // TODO: replace with std::countr_one from <bit> when that's available
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(set.all());
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (set.test(i)) {
+        i++;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::CapturedTouchpadEventConverter(
+        InputReaderContext& readerContext, const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
+        MultiTouchMotionAccumulator& motionAccumulator, int32_t deviceId)
+      : mDeviceId(deviceId),
+        mReaderContext(readerContext),
+        mDeviceContext(deviceContext),
+        mMotionAccumulator(motionAccumulator),
+        mHasTouchMinor(deviceContext.hasAbsoluteAxis(ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR)),
+        mHasToolMinor(deviceContext.hasAbsoluteAxis(ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR)) {
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo orientationInfo;
+    deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, &orientationInfo);
+    if (orientationInfo.valid) {
+        if (orientationInfo.maxValue > 0) {
+            mOrientationScale = M_PI_2 / orientationInfo.maxValue;
+        } else if (orientationInfo.minValue < 0) {
+            mOrientationScale = -M_PI_2 / orientationInfo.minValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/275369880): support touch.pressure.calibration and .scale properties when captured.
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo pressureInfo;
+    deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_PRESSURE, &pressureInfo);
+    if (pressureInfo.valid && pressureInfo.maxValue > 0) {
+        mPressureScale = 1.0 / pressureInfo.maxValue;
+    }
+
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo touchMajorInfo, toolMajorInfo;
+    deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, &touchMajorInfo);
+    deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, &toolMajorInfo);
+    mHasTouchMajor = touchMajorInfo.valid;
+    mHasToolMajor = toolMajorInfo.valid;
+    if (mHasTouchMajor && touchMajorInfo.maxValue != 0) {
+        mSizeScale = 1.0f / touchMajorInfo.maxValue;
+    } else if (mHasToolMajor && toolMajorInfo.maxValue != 0) {
+        mSizeScale = 1.0f / toolMajorInfo.maxValue;
+    }
+}
+
+std::string CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::dump() const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << "Orientation scale: " << mOrientationScale << "\n";
+    out << "Pressure scale: " << mPressureScale << "\n";
+    out << "Size scale: " << mSizeScale << "\n";
+
+    out << "Dimension axes:";
+    if (mHasTouchMajor) out << " touch major";
+    if (mHasTouchMinor) out << ", touch minor";
+    if (mHasToolMajor) out << ", tool major";
+    if (mHasToolMinor) out << ", tool minor";
+    out << "\n";
+
+    out << "Down time: " << mDownTime << "\n";
+    out << StringPrintf("Button state: 0x%08x\n", mButtonState);
+
+    out << StringPrintf("Pointer IDs in use: %s\n", mPointerIdsInUse.to_string().c_str());
+
+    out << "Pointer IDs for slot numbers:\n";
+    out << addLinePrefix(dumpMap(mPointerIdForSlotNumber), "  ") << "\n";
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+void CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::populateMotionRanges(InputDeviceInfo& info) const {
+    tryAddRawMotionRange(/*byref*/ info, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, ABS_MT_POSITION_X);
+    tryAddRawMotionRange(/*byref*/ info, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y);
+    tryAddRawMotionRange(/*byref*/ info, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR);
+    tryAddRawMotionRange(/*byref*/ info, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR);
+    tryAddRawMotionRange(/*byref*/ info, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR);
+    tryAddRawMotionRange(/*byref*/ info, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR);
+
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo pressureInfo;
+    mDeviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_PRESSURE, &pressureInfo);
+    if (pressureInfo.valid) {
+        info.addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, SOURCE, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo orientationInfo;
+    mDeviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, &orientationInfo);
+    if (orientationInfo.valid && (orientationInfo.maxValue > 0 || orientationInfo.minValue < 0)) {
+        info.addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, SOURCE, -M_PI_2, M_PI_2, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (mHasTouchMajor || mHasToolMajor) {
+        info.addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, SOURCE, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+void CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::tryAddRawMotionRange(InputDeviceInfo& deviceInfo,
+                                                          int32_t androidAxis,
+                                                          int32_t evdevAxis) const {
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo info;
+    mDeviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(evdevAxis, &info);
+    if (info.valid) {
+        deviceInfo.addMotionRange(androidAxis, SOURCE, info.minValue, info.maxValue, info.flat,
+                                  info.fuzz, info.resolution);
+    }
+}
+
+void CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::reset() {
+    mCursorButtonAccumulator.reset(mDeviceContext);
+    mDownTime = 0;
+    mPointerIdsInUse.reset();
+    mPointerIdForSlotNumber.clear();
+}
+
+std::list<NotifyArgs> CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::process(const RawEvent& rawEvent) {
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
+    if (rawEvent.type == EV_SYN && rawEvent.code == SYN_REPORT) {
+        out = sync(rawEvent.when, rawEvent.readTime);
+        mMotionAccumulator.finishSync();
+    }
+
+    mCursorButtonAccumulator.process(&rawEvent);
+    mMotionAccumulator.process(&rawEvent);
+    return out;
+}
+
+std::list<NotifyArgs> CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::sync(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime) {
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> coords;
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> properties;
+    std::map<size_t, size_t> coordsIndexForSlotNumber;
+
+    // For all the touches that were already down, send a MOVE event with their updated coordinates.
+    // A convention of the MotionEvent API is that pointer coordinates in UP events match the
+    // pointer's coordinates from the previous MOVE, so we still include touches here even if
+    // they've been lifted in this evdev frame.
+    if (!mPointerIdForSlotNumber.empty()) {
+        for (const auto [slotNumber, pointerId] : mPointerIdForSlotNumber) {
+            // Note that we don't check whether the touch has actually moved — it's rare for a touch
+            // to stay perfectly still between frames, and if it does the worst that can happen is
+            // an extra MOVE event, so it's not worth the overhead of checking for changes.
+            coordsIndexForSlotNumber[slotNumber] = coords.size();
+            coords.push_back(makePointerCoordsForSlot(mMotionAccumulator.getSlot(slotNumber)));
+            properties.push_back({.id = pointerId, .toolType = ToolType::FINGER});
+        }
+        out.push_back(
+                makeMotionArgs(when, readTime, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, coords, properties));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<size_t> upSlots, downSlots;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mMotionAccumulator.getSlotCount(); i++) {
+        const MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::Slot& slot = mMotionAccumulator.getSlot(i);
+        // Some touchpads continue to report contacts even after they've identified them as palms.
+        // We don't currently have a way to mark these as palms when reporting to apps, so don't
+        // report them at all.
+        const bool isInUse = slot.isInUse() && slot.getToolType() != ToolType::PALM;
+        const bool wasInUse = mPointerIdForSlotNumber.find(i) != mPointerIdForSlotNumber.end();
+        if (isInUse && !wasInUse) {
+            downSlots.push_back(i);
+        } else if (!isInUse && wasInUse) {
+            upSlots.push_back(i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For any touches that were lifted, send UP or POINTER_UP events.
+    for (size_t slotNumber : upSlots) {
+        const size_t indexToRemove = coordsIndexForSlotNumber.at(slotNumber);
+        const bool cancel = mMotionAccumulator.getSlot(slotNumber).getToolType() == ToolType::PALM;
+        int32_t action;
+        if (coords.size() == 1) {
+            action = cancel ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL : AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP;
+        } else {
+            action = actionWithIndex(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP, indexToRemove);
+        }
+        out.push_back(makeMotionArgs(when, readTime, action, coords, properties, /*actionButton=*/0,
+                                     /*flags=*/cancel ? AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED : 0));
+
+        freePointerIdForSlot(slotNumber);
+        coords.erase(coords.begin() + indexToRemove);
+        properties.erase(properties.begin() + indexToRemove);
+        // Now that we've removed some coords and properties, we might have to update the slot
+        // number to coords index mapping.
+        coordsIndexForSlotNumber.erase(slotNumber);
+        for (auto& [_, index] : coordsIndexForSlotNumber) {
+            if (index > indexToRemove) {
+                index--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For new touches, send DOWN or POINTER_DOWN events.
+    for (size_t slotNumber : downSlots) {
+        const size_t coordsIndex = coords.size();
+        const int32_t action = coords.empty()
+                ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN
+                : actionWithIndex(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN, coordsIndex);
+
+        coordsIndexForSlotNumber[slotNumber] = coordsIndex;
+        coords.push_back(makePointerCoordsForSlot(mMotionAccumulator.getSlot(slotNumber)));
+        properties.push_back(
+                {.id = allocatePointerIdToSlot(slotNumber), .toolType = ToolType::FINGER});
+
+        out.push_back(makeMotionArgs(when, readTime, action, coords, properties));
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t newButtonState = mCursorButtonAccumulator.getButtonState();
+    for (uint32_t button = 1; button <= AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_FORWARD; button <<= 1) {
+        if (newButtonState & button && !(mButtonState & button)) {
+            mButtonState |= button;
+            out.push_back(makeMotionArgs(when, readTime, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS, coords,
+                                         properties, /*actionButton=*/button));
+        } else if (!(newButtonState & button) && mButtonState & button) {
+            mButtonState &= ~button;
+            out.push_back(makeMotionArgs(when, readTime, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE,
+                                         coords, properties, /*actionButton=*/button));
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+NotifyMotionArgs CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::makeMotionArgs(
+        nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime, int32_t action, const std::vector<PointerCoords>& coords,
+        const std::vector<PointerProperties>& properties, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(coords.size() != properties.size(),
+                        "Mismatched coords and properties arrays.");
+    return NotifyMotionArgs(mReaderContext.getNextId(), when, readTime, mDeviceId, SOURCE,
+                            ADISPLAY_ID_NONE, /*policyFlags=*/POLICY_FLAG_WAKE, action,
+                            /*actionButton=*/actionButton, flags,
+                            mReaderContext.getGlobalMetaState(), mButtonState,
+                            MotionClassification::NONE, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, coords.size(),
+                            properties.data(), coords.data(), /*xPrecision=*/1.0f,
+                            /*yPrecision=*/1.0f, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                            AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, mDownTime, /*videoFrames=*/{});
+}
+
+PointerCoords CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::makePointerCoordsForSlot(
+        const MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::Slot& slot) const {
+    PointerCoords coords;
+    coords.clear();
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, slot.getX());
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, slot.getY());
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, slot.getTouchMajor());
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, slot.getTouchMinor());
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, slot.getToolMajor());
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, slot.getToolMinor());
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, slot.getOrientation() * mOrientationScale);
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, slot.getPressure() * mPressureScale);
+    float size = 0;
+    // TODO(b/275369880): support touch.size.calibration and .isSummed properties when captured.
+    if (mHasTouchMajor) {
+        size = mHasTouchMinor ? (slot.getTouchMajor() + slot.getTouchMinor()) / 2
+                              : slot.getTouchMajor();
+    } else if (mHasToolMajor) {
+        size = mHasToolMinor ? (slot.getToolMajor() + slot.getToolMinor()) / 2
+                             : slot.getToolMajor();
+    }
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, size * mSizeScale);
+    return coords;
+}
+
+int32_t CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::allocatePointerIdToSlot(size_t slotNumber) {
+    const int32_t pointerId = firstUnmarkedBit(mPointerIdsInUse);
+    mPointerIdsInUse.set(pointerId);
+    mPointerIdForSlotNumber[slotNumber] = pointerId;
+    return pointerId;
+}
+
+void CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::freePointerIdForSlot(size_t slotNumber) {
+    mPointerIdsInUse.reset(mPointerIdForSlotNumber.at(slotNumber));
+    mPointerIdForSlotNumber.erase(slotNumber);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b6df7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <bitset>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android/input.h>
+#include <input/Input.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include "EventHub.h"
+#include "InputDevice.h"
+#include "accumulator/CursorButtonAccumulator.h"
+#include "accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h"
+#include "accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class CapturedTouchpadEventConverter {
+public:
+    explicit CapturedTouchpadEventConverter(InputReaderContext& readerContext,
+                                            const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
+                                            MultiTouchMotionAccumulator& motionAccumulator,
+                                            int32_t deviceId);
+    std::string dump() const;
+    void populateMotionRanges(InputDeviceInfo& info) const;
+    void reset();
+    [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent& rawEvent);
+
+private:
+    void tryAddRawMotionRange(InputDeviceInfo& deviceInfo, int32_t androidAxis,
+                              int32_t evdevAxis) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> sync(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime);
+    [[nodiscard]] NotifyMotionArgs makeMotionArgs(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime, int32_t action,
+                                                  const std::vector<PointerCoords>& coords,
+                                                  const std::vector<PointerProperties>& properties,
+                                                  int32_t actionButton = 0, int32_t flags = 0);
+    PointerCoords makePointerCoordsForSlot(const MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::Slot& slot) const;
+    int32_t allocatePointerIdToSlot(size_t slotNumber);
+    void freePointerIdForSlot(size_t slotNumber);
+
+    const int32_t mDeviceId;
+    InputReaderContext& mReaderContext;
+    const InputDeviceContext& mDeviceContext;
+    CursorButtonAccumulator mCursorButtonAccumulator;
+    MultiTouchMotionAccumulator& mMotionAccumulator;
+
+    float mOrientationScale = 0;
+    float mPressureScale = 1;
+    float mSizeScale = 0;
+    bool mHasTouchMajor;
+    const bool mHasTouchMinor;
+    bool mHasToolMajor;
+    const bool mHasToolMinor;
+    nsecs_t mDownTime = 0;
+    uint32_t mButtonState = 0;
+
+    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> mPointerIdsInUse;
+    std::map<size_t, int32_t> mPointerIdForSlotNumber;
+
+    static constexpr uint32_t SOURCE = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
index adc893b..8ef5ff6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -139,26 +139,26 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> CursorInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                      const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig,
-                                                     uint32_t changes) {
+                                                     ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = InputMapper::reconfigure(when, readerConfig, changes);
 
-    if (!changes) {
+    if (!changes.any()) {
         configureWithZeroChanges(readerConfig);
         return out;
     }
 
     const bool configurePointerCapture = mParameters.mode != Parameters::Mode::NAVIGATION &&
-            (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+            changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     if (configurePointerCapture) {
         configureOnPointerCapture(readerConfig);
         out.push_back(NotifyDeviceResetArgs(getContext()->getNextId(), when, getDeviceId()));
     }
 
-    if ((changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_SPEED) || configurePointerCapture) {
+    if (changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_SPEED) || configurePointerCapture) {
         configureOnChangePointerSpeed(readerConfig);
     }
 
-    if ((changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO) || configurePointerCapture) {
+    if (changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO) || configurePointerCapture) {
         configureOnChangeDisplayInfo(readerConfig);
     }
     return out;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h
index a7cdd51..caf2e5a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp
index 7100f88..987d2d0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> ExternalStylusInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                              const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                             uint32_t changes) {
+                                                             ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_PRESSURE, &mRawPressureAxis);
     mTouchButtonAccumulator.configure();
     return {};
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.h
index 7f926a7..841c437 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
index bd86a5a..0692dbb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 void InputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {}
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> InputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when, const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                               uint32_t changes) {
+                                               ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h
index 211be9f..f017317 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump);
     [[nodiscard]] virtual std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                             const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                            uint32_t changes);
+                                                            ConfigurationChanges changes);
     [[nodiscard]] virtual std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when);
     [[nodiscard]] virtual std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) = 0;
     [[nodiscard]] virtual std::list<NotifyArgs> timeoutExpired(nsecs_t when);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp
index 3450f86..099a955 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> JoystickInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                        const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                       uint32_t changes) {
+                                                       ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = InputMapper::reconfigure(when, config, changes);
 
-    if (!changes) { // first time only
+    if (!changes.any()) { // first time only
         // Collect all axes.
         for (int32_t abs = 0; abs <= ABS_MAX; abs++) {
             if (!(getAbsAxisUsage(abs, getDeviceContext().getDeviceClasses())
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.h
index c9e92de..49673a2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
index 63ea3a8..7388752 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
@@ -134,21 +134,26 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> KeyboardInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                        const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                       uint32_t changes) {
+                                                       ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = InputMapper::reconfigure(when, config, changes);
 
-    if (!changes) { // first time only
+    if (!changes.any()) { // first time only
         // Configure basic parameters.
         configureParameters();
     }
 
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+    if (!changes.any() || changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO)) {
         mViewport = findViewport(config);
     }
 
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION)) {
-        mKeyboardLayoutInfo =
+    if (!changes.any() ||
+        changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION)) {
+        std::optional<KeyboardLayoutInfo> newKeyboardLayoutInfo =
                 getValueByKey(config.keyboardLayoutAssociations, getDeviceContext().getLocation());
+        if (mKeyboardLayoutInfo != newKeyboardLayoutInfo) {
+            mKeyboardLayoutInfo = newKeyboardLayoutInfo;
+            bumpGeneration();
+        }
     }
 
     return out;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
index 25fad57..bd27383 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
index 2ffa5cd..13f2e59 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> RotaryEncoderInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                             const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                            uint32_t changes) {
+                                                            ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = InputMapper::reconfigure(when, config, changes);
-    if (!changes) {
+    if (!changes.any()) {
         mRotaryEncoderScrollAccumulator.configure(getDeviceContext());
     }
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+    if (!changes.any() || changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO)) {
         std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
                 config.getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
         if (internalViewport) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.h
index 8feaf8e..d3dcbe1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
index f7f23a4..a131e35 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> SensorInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                      const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                     uint32_t changes) {
+                                                     ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = InputMapper::reconfigure(when, config, changes);
 
-    if (!changes) { // first time only
+    if (!changes.any()) { // first time only
         mDeviceEnabled = true;
         // Check if device has MSC_TIMESTAMP event.
         mHasHardwareTimestamp = getDeviceContext().hasMscEvent(MSC_TIMESTAMP);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.h
index 2f3a396..1f82559 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
     bool enableSensor(InputDeviceSensorType sensorType, std::chrono::microseconds samplingPeriod,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index 60bf857..c72a263 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -125,9 +125,8 @@
                                    const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig)
       : InputMapper(deviceContext, readerConfig),
         mTouchButtonAccumulator(deviceContext),
-        mSource(0),
-        mDeviceMode(DeviceMode::DISABLED),
-        mInputDeviceOrientation(ui::ROTATION_0) {}
+        mConfig(readerConfig),
+        mParameters(computeParameters(deviceContext)) {}
 
 TouchInputMapper::~TouchInputMapper() {}
 
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) {
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = InputMapper::reconfigure(when, config, changes);
 
     mConfig = config;
@@ -298,9 +297,9 @@
     // Full configuration should happen the first time configure is called and
     // when the device type is changed. Changing a device type can affect
     // various other parameters so should result in a reconfiguration.
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE)) {
+    if (!changes.any() || changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DEVICE_TYPE)) {
         // Configure basic parameters.
-        configureParameters();
+        mParameters = computeParameters(getDeviceContext());
 
         // Configure common accumulators.
         mCursorScrollAccumulator.configure(getDeviceContext());
@@ -314,33 +313,34 @@
         resolveCalibration();
     }
 
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_TOUCH_AFFINE_TRANSFORMATION)) {
+    if (!changes.any() ||
+        changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::TOUCH_AFFINE_TRANSFORMATION)) {
         // Update location calibration to reflect current settings
         updateAffineTransformation();
     }
 
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_SPEED)) {
+    if (!changes.any() || changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_SPEED)) {
         // Update pointer speed.
         mPointerVelocityControl.setParameters(mConfig.pointerVelocityControlParameters);
         mWheelXVelocityControl.setParameters(mConfig.wheelVelocityControlParameters);
         mWheelYVelocityControl.setParameters(mConfig.wheelVelocityControlParameters);
     }
 
+    using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
     bool resetNeeded = false;
-    if (!changes ||
-        (changes &
-         (InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_SHOW_TOUCHES |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE))) {
+    if (!changes.any() ||
+        changes.any(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO |
+                    InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE |
+                    InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT |
+                    InputReaderConfiguration::Change::SHOW_TOUCHES |
+                    InputReaderConfiguration::Change::EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE |
+                    InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DEVICE_TYPE)) {
         // Configure device sources, display dimensions, orientation and
         // scaling factors.
         configureInputDevice(when, &resetNeeded);
     }
 
-    if (changes && resetNeeded) {
+    if (changes.any() && resetNeeded) {
         out += reset(when);
 
         // Send reset, unless this is the first time the device has been configured,
@@ -360,112 +360,119 @@
     }
 }
 
-void TouchInputMapper::configureParameters() {
+TouchInputMapper::Parameters TouchInputMapper::computeParameters(
+        const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext) {
+    Parameters parameters;
     // Use the pointer presentation mode for devices that do not support distinct
     // multitouch.  The spot-based presentation relies on being able to accurately
     // locate two or more fingers on the touch pad.
-    mParameters.gestureMode = getDeviceContext().hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_SEMI_MT)
+    parameters.gestureMode = deviceContext.hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_SEMI_MT)
             ? Parameters::GestureMode::SINGLE_TOUCH
             : Parameters::GestureMode::MULTI_TOUCH;
 
-    const PropertyMap& config = getDeviceContext().getConfiguration();
+    const PropertyMap& config = deviceContext.getConfiguration();
     std::optional<std::string> gestureModeString = config.getString("touch.gestureMode");
     if (gestureModeString.has_value()) {
         if (*gestureModeString == "single-touch") {
-            mParameters.gestureMode = Parameters::GestureMode::SINGLE_TOUCH;
+            parameters.gestureMode = Parameters::GestureMode::SINGLE_TOUCH;
         } else if (*gestureModeString == "multi-touch") {
-            mParameters.gestureMode = Parameters::GestureMode::MULTI_TOUCH;
+            parameters.gestureMode = Parameters::GestureMode::MULTI_TOUCH;
         } else if (*gestureModeString != "default") {
             ALOGW("Invalid value for touch.gestureMode: '%s'", gestureModeString->c_str());
         }
     }
 
-    configureDeviceType();
+    parameters.deviceType = computeDeviceType(deviceContext);
 
-    mParameters.hasButtonUnderPad = getDeviceContext().hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_BUTTONPAD);
+    parameters.hasButtonUnderPad = deviceContext.hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_BUTTONPAD);
 
-    mParameters.orientationAware =
+    parameters.orientationAware =
             config.getBool("touch.orientationAware")
-                    .value_or(mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN);
+                    .value_or(parameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN);
 
-    mParameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
+    parameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
     std::optional<std::string> orientationString = config.getString("touch.orientation");
     if (orientationString.has_value()) {
-        if (mParameters.deviceType != Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN) {
+        if (parameters.deviceType != Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN) {
             ALOGW("The configuration 'touch.orientation' is only supported for touchscreens.");
         } else if (*orientationString == "ORIENTATION_90") {
-            mParameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
+            parameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
         } else if (*orientationString == "ORIENTATION_180") {
-            mParameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_180;
+            parameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_180;
         } else if (*orientationString == "ORIENTATION_270") {
-            mParameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_270;
+            parameters.orientation = ui::ROTATION_270;
         } else if (*orientationString != "ORIENTATION_0") {
             ALOGW("Invalid value for touch.orientation: '%s'", orientationString->c_str());
         }
     }
 
-    mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay = false;
-    mParameters.associatedDisplayIsExternal = false;
-    if (mParameters.orientationAware ||
-        mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN ||
-        mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER ||
-        (mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_NAVIGATION &&
-         getDeviceContext().getAssociatedViewport())) {
-        mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay = true;
-        if (mParameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN) {
-            mParameters.associatedDisplayIsExternal = getDeviceContext().isExternal();
-            mParameters.uniqueDisplayId = config.getString("touch.displayId").value_or("").c_str();
+    parameters.hasAssociatedDisplay = false;
+    parameters.associatedDisplayIsExternal = false;
+    if (parameters.orientationAware ||
+        parameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN ||
+        parameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER ||
+        (parameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_NAVIGATION &&
+         deviceContext.getAssociatedViewport())) {
+        parameters.hasAssociatedDisplay = true;
+        if (parameters.deviceType == Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN) {
+            parameters.associatedDisplayIsExternal = deviceContext.isExternal();
+            parameters.uniqueDisplayId = config.getString("touch.displayId").value_or("").c_str();
         }
     }
-    if (getDeviceContext().getAssociatedDisplayPort()) {
-        mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay = true;
+    if (deviceContext.getAssociatedDisplayPort()) {
+        parameters.hasAssociatedDisplay = true;
     }
 
     // Initial downs on external touch devices should wake the device.
     // Normally we don't do this for internal touch screens to prevent them from waking
     // up in your pocket but you can enable it using the input device configuration.
-    mParameters.wake = config.getBool("touch.wake").value_or(getDeviceContext().isExternal());
+    parameters.wake = config.getBool("touch.wake").value_or(deviceContext.isExternal());
 
     std::optional<int32_t> usiVersionMajor = config.getInt("touch.usiVersionMajor");
     std::optional<int32_t> usiVersionMinor = config.getInt("touch.usiVersionMinor");
     if (usiVersionMajor.has_value() && usiVersionMinor.has_value()) {
-        mParameters.usiVersion = {
+        parameters.usiVersion = {
                 .majorVersion = *usiVersionMajor,
                 .minorVersion = *usiVersionMinor,
         };
     }
 
-    mParameters.enableForInactiveViewport =
+    parameters.enableForInactiveViewport =
             config.getBool("touch.enableForInactiveViewport").value_or(false);
+
+    return parameters;
 }
 
-void TouchInputMapper::configureDeviceType() {
-    if (getDeviceContext().hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_DIRECT)) {
+TouchInputMapper::Parameters::DeviceType TouchInputMapper::computeDeviceType(
+        const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext) {
+    Parameters::DeviceType deviceType;
+    if (deviceContext.hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_DIRECT)) {
         // The device is a touch screen.
-        mParameters.deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN;
-    } else if (getDeviceContext().hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_POINTER)) {
+        deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN;
+    } else if (deviceContext.hasInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_POINTER)) {
         // The device is a pointing device like a track pad.
-        mParameters.deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER;
+        deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER;
     } else {
         // The device is a touch pad of unknown purpose.
-        mParameters.deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER;
+        deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER;
     }
 
     // Type association takes precedence over the device type found in the idc file.
-    std::string deviceTypeString = getDeviceContext().getDeviceTypeAssociation().value_or("");
+    std::string deviceTypeString = deviceContext.getDeviceTypeAssociation().value_or("");
     if (deviceTypeString.empty()) {
         deviceTypeString =
-                getDeviceContext().getConfiguration().getString("touch.deviceType").value_or("");
+                deviceContext.getConfiguration().getString("touch.deviceType").value_or("");
     }
     if (deviceTypeString == "touchScreen") {
-        mParameters.deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN;
+        deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_SCREEN;
     } else if (deviceTypeString == "touchNavigation") {
-        mParameters.deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_NAVIGATION;
+        deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::TOUCH_NAVIGATION;
     } else if (deviceTypeString == "pointer") {
-        mParameters.deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER;
+        deviceType = Parameters::DeviceType::POINTER;
     } else if (deviceTypeString != "default" && deviceTypeString != "") {
         ALOGW("Invalid value for touch.deviceType: '%s'", deviceTypeString.c_str());
     }
+    return deviceType;
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::dumpParameters(std::string& dump) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
index e7d66a1..7141924 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
     };
 
     // Input sources and device mode.
-    uint32_t mSource;
+    uint32_t mSource{0};
 
     enum class DeviceMode {
         DISABLED,   // input is disabled
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 
         ftl_last = POINTER
     };
-    DeviceMode mDeviceMode;
+    DeviceMode mDeviceMode{DeviceMode::DISABLED};
 
     // The reader's configuration.
     InputReaderConfiguration mConfig;
@@ -377,7 +377,6 @@
 
     std::vector<VirtualKey> mVirtualKeys;
 
-    virtual void configureParameters();
     virtual void dumpParameters(std::string& dump);
     virtual void configureRawPointerAxes();
     virtual void dumpRawPointerAxes(std::string& dump);
@@ -413,7 +412,7 @@
     // The orientation of the input device relative to that of the display panel. It specifies
     // the rotation of the input device coordinates required to produce the display panel
     // orientation, so it will depend on whether the device is orientation aware.
-    ui::Rotation mInputDeviceOrientation;
+    ui::Rotation mInputDeviceOrientation{ui::ROTATION_0};
 
     // The transform that maps the input device's raw coordinate space to the un-rotated display's
     // coordinate space. InputReader generates events in the un-rotated display's coordinate space.
@@ -824,8 +823,8 @@
 
     // Compute input transforms for DIRECT and POINTER modes.
     void computeInputTransforms();
-
-    void configureDeviceType();
+    static Parameters::DeviceType computeDeviceType(const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext);
+    static Parameters computeParameters(const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext);
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
index 5a1ced4..c72425a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
 
 #include "../Macros.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <limits>
 #include <optional>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/input.h>
 #include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/PrintTools.h>
@@ -174,8 +176,18 @@
       : InputMapper(deviceContext, readerConfig),
         mGestureInterpreter(NewGestureInterpreter(), DeleteGestureInterpreter),
         mPointerController(getContext()->getPointerController(getDeviceId())),
-        mStateConverter(deviceContext),
-        mGestureConverter(*getContext(), deviceContext, getDeviceId()) {
+        mStateConverter(deviceContext, mMotionAccumulator),
+        mGestureConverter(*getContext(), deviceContext, getDeviceId()),
+        mCapturedEventConverter(*getContext(), deviceContext, mMotionAccumulator, getDeviceId()) {
+    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo slotAxisInfo;
+    deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_SLOT, &slotAxisInfo);
+    if (!slotAxisInfo.valid || slotAxisInfo.maxValue <= 0) {
+        ALOGW("Touchpad \"%s\" doesn't have a valid ABS_MT_SLOT axis, and probably won't work "
+              "properly.",
+              deviceContext.getName().c_str());
+    }
+    mMotionAccumulator.configure(deviceContext, slotAxisInfo.maxValue + 1, true);
+
     mGestureInterpreter->Initialize(GESTURES_DEVCLASS_TOUCHPAD);
     mGestureInterpreter->SetHardwareProperties(createHardwareProperties(deviceContext));
     // Even though we don't explicitly delete copy/move semantics, it's safe to
@@ -209,26 +221,39 @@
 
 void TouchpadInputMapper::populateDeviceInfo(InputDeviceInfo& info) {
     InputMapper::populateDeviceInfo(info);
-    mGestureConverter.populateMotionRanges(info);
+    if (mPointerCaptured) {
+        mCapturedEventConverter.populateMotionRanges(info);
+    } else {
+        mGestureConverter.populateMotionRanges(info);
+    }
 }
 
 void TouchpadInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
     dump += INDENT2 "Touchpad Input Mapper:\n";
+    if (mProcessing) {
+        dump += INDENT3 "Currently processing a hardware state\n";
+    }
+    if (mResettingInterpreter) {
+        dump += INDENT3 "Currently resetting gesture interpreter\n";
+    }
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "Pointer captured: %s\n", toString(mPointerCaptured));
     dump += INDENT3 "Gesture converter:\n";
     dump += addLinePrefix(mGestureConverter.dump(), INDENT4);
     dump += INDENT3 "Gesture properties:\n";
     dump += addLinePrefix(mPropertyProvider.dump(), INDENT4);
+    dump += INDENT3 "Captured event converter:\n";
+    dump += addLinePrefix(mCapturedEventConverter.dump(), INDENT4);
 }
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchpadInputMapper::reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                        const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                       uint32_t changes) {
-    if (!changes) {
+                                                       ConfigurationChanges changes) {
+    if (!changes.any()) {
         // First time configuration
         mPropertyProvider.loadPropertiesFromIdcFile(getDeviceContext().getConfiguration());
     }
 
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+    if (!changes.any() || changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO)) {
         std::optional<int32_t> displayId = mPointerController->getDisplayId();
         ui::Rotation orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
         if (displayId.has_value()) {
@@ -238,13 +263,21 @@
         }
         mGestureConverter.setOrientation(orientation);
     }
-    if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_TOUCHPAD_SETTINGS)) {
+    if (!changes.any() || changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::TOUCHPAD_SETTINGS)) {
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Use Custom Touchpad Pointer Accel Curve")
                 .setBoolValues({true});
         GesturesProp accelCurveProp = mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Pointer Accel Curve");
         accelCurveProp.setRealValues(
                 createAccelerationCurveForSensitivity(config.touchpadPointerSpeed,
                                                       accelCurveProp.getCount()));
+        mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Use Custom Touchpad Scroll Accel Curve")
+                .setBoolValues({true});
+        GesturesProp scrollCurveProp = mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Scroll Accel Curve");
+        scrollCurveProp.setRealValues(
+                createAccelerationCurveForSensitivity(config.touchpadPointerSpeed,
+                                                      scrollCurveProp.getCount()));
+        mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Scroll X Out Scale").setRealValues({1.0});
+        mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Scroll Y Out Scale").setRealValues({1.0});
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Invert Scrolling")
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadNaturalScrollingEnabled});
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Tap Enable")
@@ -252,17 +285,50 @@
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Button Right Click Zone Enable")
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled});
     }
-    return {};
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
+    if ((!changes.any() && config.pointerCaptureRequest.enable) ||
+        changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE)) {
+        mPointerCaptured = config.pointerCaptureRequest.enable;
+        // The motion ranges are going to change, so bump the generation to clear the cached ones.
+        bumpGeneration();
+        if (mPointerCaptured) {
+            // The touchpad is being captured, so we need to tidy up any fake fingers etc. that are
+            // still being reported for a gesture in progress.
+            out += reset(when);
+            mPointerController->fade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::IMMEDIATE);
+        } else {
+            // We're transitioning from captured to uncaptured.
+            mCapturedEventConverter.reset();
+        }
+        if (changes.any()) {
+            out.push_back(NotifyDeviceResetArgs(getContext()->getNextId(), when, getDeviceId()));
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
 }
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchpadInputMapper::reset(nsecs_t when) {
     mStateConverter.reset();
+    resetGestureInterpreter(when);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out = mGestureConverter.reset(when);
     out += InputMapper::reset(when);
     return out;
 }
 
+void TouchpadInputMapper::resetGestureInterpreter(nsecs_t when) {
+    // The GestureInterpreter has no official reset method, but sending a HardwareState with no
+    // fingers down or buttons pressed should get it into a clean state.
+    HardwareState state;
+    state.timestamp = std::chrono::duration<stime_t>(std::chrono::nanoseconds(when)).count();
+    mResettingInterpreter = true;
+    mGestureInterpreter->PushHardwareState(&state);
+    mResettingInterpreter = false;
+}
+
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchpadInputMapper::process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) {
+    if (mPointerCaptured) {
+        return mCapturedEventConverter.process(*rawEvent);
+    }
     std::optional<SelfContainedHardwareState> state = mStateConverter.processRawEvent(rawEvent);
     if (state) {
         return sendHardwareState(rawEvent->when, rawEvent->readTime, *state);
@@ -283,6 +349,11 @@
 
 void TouchpadInputMapper::consumeGesture(const Gesture* gesture) {
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_TOUCHPAD_GESTURES, "Gesture ready: %s", gesture->String().c_str());
+    if (mResettingInterpreter) {
+        // We already handle tidying up fake fingers etc. in GestureConverter::reset, so we should
+        // ignore any gestures produced from the interpreter while we're resetting it.
+        return;
+    }
     if (!mProcessing) {
         ALOGE("Received gesture outside of the normal processing flow; ignoring it.");
         return;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
index e051097..3128d18 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <PointerControllerInterface.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+#include "CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.h"
 #include "EventHub.h"
 #include "InputDevice.h"
 #include "InputMapper.h"
 #include "InputReaderBase.h"
 #include "NotifyArgs.h"
+#include "accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h"
 #include "gestures/GestureConverter.h"
 #include "gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h"
 #include "gestures/PropertyProvider.h"
@@ -47,13 +50,14 @@
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t when,
                                                     const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                                    uint32_t changes) override;
+                                                    ConfigurationChanges changes) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> reset(nsecs_t when) override;
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> process(const RawEvent* rawEvent) override;
 
     void consumeGesture(const Gesture* gesture);
 
 private:
+    void resetGestureInterpreter(nsecs_t when);
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> sendHardwareState(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime,
                                                           SelfContainedHardwareState schs);
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> processGestures(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime);
@@ -64,10 +68,19 @@
 
     PropertyProvider mPropertyProvider;
 
+    // The MultiTouchMotionAccumulator is shared between the HardwareStateConverter and
+    // CapturedTouchpadEventConverter, so that if the touchpad is captured or released while touches
+    // are down, the relevant converter can still benefit from the current axis values stored in the
+    // accumulator.
+    MultiTouchMotionAccumulator mMotionAccumulator;
+
     HardwareStateConverter mStateConverter;
     GestureConverter mGestureConverter;
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter mCapturedEventConverter;
 
+    bool mPointerCaptured = false;
     bool mProcessing = false;
+    bool mResettingInterpreter = false;
     std::vector<Gesture> mGesturesToProcess;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.cpp
index 8841b6e..6780dce 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.cpp
@@ -26,16 +26,11 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-HardwareStateConverter::HardwareStateConverter(const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext)
-      : mDeviceContext(deviceContext), mTouchButtonAccumulator(deviceContext) {
-    RawAbsoluteAxisInfo slotAxisInfo;
-    deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_SLOT, &slotAxisInfo);
-    if (!slotAxisInfo.valid || slotAxisInfo.maxValue <= 0) {
-        ALOGW("Touchpad \"%s\" doesn't have a valid ABS_MT_SLOT axis, and probably won't work "
-              "properly.",
-              deviceContext.getName().c_str());
-    }
-    mMotionAccumulator.configure(deviceContext, slotAxisInfo.maxValue + 1, true);
+HardwareStateConverter::HardwareStateConverter(const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
+                                               MultiTouchMotionAccumulator& motionAccumulator)
+      : mDeviceContext(deviceContext),
+        mMotionAccumulator(motionAccumulator),
+        mTouchButtonAccumulator(deviceContext) {
     mTouchButtonAccumulator.configure();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h
index c314b0d..633448e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
 // Converts RawEvents into the HardwareState structs used by the gestures library.
 class HardwareStateConverter {
 public:
-    HardwareStateConverter(const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext);
+    HardwareStateConverter(const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
+                           MultiTouchMotionAccumulator& motionAccumulator);
 
     std::optional<SelfContainedHardwareState> processRawEvent(const RawEvent* event);
     void reset();
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@
 
     const InputDeviceContext& mDeviceContext;
     CursorButtonAccumulator mCursorButtonAccumulator;
-    MultiTouchMotionAccumulator mMotionAccumulator;
+    MultiTouchMotionAccumulator& mMotionAccumulator;
     TouchButtonAccumulator mTouchButtonAccumulator;
     int32_t mMscTimestamp = 0;
 };
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 97138c7..52277ff 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "AnrTracker_test.cpp",
         "BlockingQueue_test.cpp",
+        "CapturedTouchpadEventConverter_test.cpp",
         "EventHub_test.cpp",
         "FakeEventHub.cpp",
         "FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dc5152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/CapturedTouchpadEventConverter_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,784 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <CapturedTouchpadEventConverter.h>
+
+#include <list>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <EventHub.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
+#include <linux/input.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+#include "FakeEventHub.h"
+#include "FakeInputReaderPolicy.h"
+#include "InstrumentedInputReader.h"
+#include "TestConstants.h"
+#include "TestInputListener.h"
+#include "TestInputListenerMatchers.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::AllOf;
+
+class CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest()
+          : mFakeEventHub(std::make_unique<FakeEventHub>()),
+            mFakePolicy(sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy>::make()),
+            mReader(mFakeEventHub, mFakePolicy, mFakeListener),
+            mDevice(newDevice()),
+            mDeviceContext(*mDevice, EVENTHUB_ID) {
+        const size_t slotCount = 8;
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0, slotCount - 1, 0, 0, 0);
+        mAccumulator.configure(mDeviceContext, slotCount, /*usingSlotsProtocol=*/true);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    static constexpr int32_t DEVICE_ID = END_RESERVED_ID + 1000;
+    static constexpr int32_t EVENTHUB_ID = 1;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> newDevice() {
+        InputDeviceIdentifier identifier;
+        identifier.name = "device";
+        identifier.location = "USB1";
+        identifier.bus = 0;
+        std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> device =
+                std::make_shared<InputDevice>(mReader.getContext(), DEVICE_ID, /*generation=*/2,
+                                              identifier);
+        mReader.pushNextDevice(device);
+        mFakeEventHub->addDevice(EVENTHUB_ID, identifier.name, InputDeviceClass::TOUCHPAD,
+                                 identifier.bus);
+        mReader.loopOnce();
+        return device;
+    }
+
+    void addBasicAxesToEventHub() {
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_PRESSURE, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 0, 1000, 0, 0, 0);
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, 0, 1000, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter createConverter() {
+        addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+        return CapturedTouchpadEventConverter(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                              DEVICE_ID);
+    }
+
+    void processAxis(CapturedTouchpadEventConverter& conv, int32_t type, int32_t code,
+                     int32_t value) {
+        RawEvent event;
+        event.when = ARBITRARY_TIME;
+        event.readTime = READ_TIME;
+        event.deviceId = EVENTHUB_ID;
+        event.type = type;
+        event.code = code;
+        event.value = value;
+        std::list<NotifyArgs> out = conv.process(event);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(out.empty());
+    }
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> processSync(CapturedTouchpadEventConverter& conv) {
+        RawEvent event;
+        event.when = ARBITRARY_TIME;
+        event.readTime = READ_TIME;
+        event.deviceId = EVENTHUB_ID;
+        event.type = EV_SYN;
+        event.code = SYN_REPORT;
+        event.value = 0;
+        return conv.process(event);
+    }
+
+    NotifyMotionArgs processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(CapturedTouchpadEventConverter& conv) {
+        std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+        EXPECT_EQ(1u, args.size());
+        return std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front());
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeEventHub> mFakeEventHub;
+    sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy> mFakePolicy;
+    TestInputListener mFakeListener;
+    InstrumentedInputReader mReader;
+    std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> mDevice;
+    InputDeviceContext mDeviceContext;
+    MultiTouchMotionAccumulator mAccumulator;
+};
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, MotionRanges_allAxesPresent_populatedCorrectly) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 0, 1100, 0, 0, 35);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, 0, 1000, 0, 0, 30);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 0, 900, 0, 0, 25);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 0, 800, 0, 0, 20);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, -3, 4, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_PRESSURE, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    InputDeviceInfo info;
+    conv.populateMotionRanges(info);
+
+    // Most axes should have min, max, and resolution matching the evdev axes.
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* posX =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, posX);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, posX->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(4000, posX->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(45, posX->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* posY =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, posY);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, posY->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(2500, posY->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(40, posY->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* touchMajor =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, touchMajor);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, touchMajor->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1100, touchMajor->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(35, touchMajor->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* touchMinor =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, touchMinor);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, touchMinor->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1000, touchMinor->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(30, touchMinor->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* toolMajor =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, toolMajor);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, toolMajor->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(900, toolMajor->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(25, toolMajor->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* toolMinor =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, toolMinor);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, toolMinor->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(800, toolMinor->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(20, toolMinor->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    // ...except orientation and pressure, which get scaled, and size, which is generated from other
+    // values.
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* orientation =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, orientation);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(-M_PI_2, orientation->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(M_PI_2, orientation->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, orientation->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* pressure =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, pressure);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, pressure->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1, pressure->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, pressure->resolution, EPSILON);
+
+    const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* size =
+            info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, size);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, size->min, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(1, size->max, EPSILON);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0, size->resolution, EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, MotionRanges_bareMinimumAxesPresent_populatedCorrectly) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    InputDeviceInfo info;
+    conv.populateMotionRanges(info);
+
+    // Only the bare minimum motion ranges should be reported, and no others (e.g. size shouldn't be
+    // present, since it's generated from axes that aren't provided by this device).
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD));
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, info.getMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2u, info.getMotionRanges().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, OneFinger_motionReportedCorrectly) {
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv = createConverter();
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 100);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(50, 100), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 52);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 99);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(52, 99), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 0);
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(52, 99), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(52, 99), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, OneFinger_touchDimensionsPassedThrough) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 0, 1000, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 0, 1000, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 250);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, 120);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 400);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 200);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithTouchDimensions(250, 120), WithToolDimensions(400, 200)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, OneFinger_orientationCalculatedCorrectly) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, -3, 4, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, -3);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(-3 * M_PI / 8,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION),
+                EPSILON);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION),
+                EPSILON);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_ORIENTATION, 4);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(M_PI / 2,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION),
+                EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, OneFinger_pressureScaledCorrectly) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_PRESSURE, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_PRESSURE, 128);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv), WithPressure(0.5));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest,
+       OneFinger_withAllSizeAxes_sizeCalculatedFromTouchMajorMinorAverage) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 138);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, 118);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 200);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 210);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0.5,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
+                EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest,
+       OneFinger_withMajorDimensionsOnly_sizeCalculatedFromTouchMajor) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 128);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 200);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0.5,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
+                EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest,
+       OneFinger_withToolDimensionsOnly_sizeCalculatedFromToolMajorMinorAverage) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 138);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR, 118);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0.5,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
+                EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest,
+       OneFinger_withToolMajorOnly_sizeCalculatedFromTouchMajor) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 45);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, 2500, 0, 0, 40);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, 128);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(0.5,
+                processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv).pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(
+                        AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
+                EPSILON);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, OnePalm_neverReported) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, 0, MT_TOOL_PALM, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 100);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_PALM);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 51);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, FingerTurningIntoPalm_cancelled) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, 0, MT_TOOL_PALM, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 100);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER),
+                      WithPointerCount(1u)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 51);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_PALM);
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL), WithPointerCount(1u)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 52);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, PalmTurningIntoFinger_reported) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, 0, MT_TOOL_PALM, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 100);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_PALM);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 51);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(51, 100)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 52);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(52, 100)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, FingerArrivingAfterPalm_onlyFingerReported) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, 0, MT_TOOL_PALM, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 100);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_PALM);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, processSync(conv).size());
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 2);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 100);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 150);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(100, 150)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 52);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 102);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 98);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 148);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(98, 148)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, FingerAndFingerTurningIntoPalm_partiallyCancelled) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, 0, MT_TOOL_PALM, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 2);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 250);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP, 1);
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u), WithPointerToolType(0, ToolType::FINGER),
+                      WithPointerToolType(1, ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 51);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 251);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_PALM);
+
+    args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(2u)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP |
+                                       1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithFlags(AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED), WithPointerCount(2u)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, FingerAndPalmTurningIntoFinger_reported) {
+    addBasicAxesToEventHub();
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, 0, MT_TOOL_PALM, 0, 0, 0);
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv(*mReader.getContext(), mDeviceContext, mAccumulator,
+                                        DEVICE_ID);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 2);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 250);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_PALM);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 51);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 251);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE, MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, TwoFingers_motionReportedCorrectly) {
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv = createConverter();
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 50);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 100);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(processSyncAndExpectSingleMotionArg(conv),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(50, 100), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 52);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 99);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 2);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 250);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 200);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP, 1);
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(52, 99), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u), WithPointerCoords(0, 52, 99),
+                      WithPointerCoords(1, 250, 200), WithPointerToolType(0, ToolType::FINGER),
+                      WithPointerToolType(1, ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 255);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 202);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP, 0);
+
+    args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(2u),
+                      WithPointerCoords(0, 52, 99), WithPointerCoords(1, 255, 202),
+                      WithPointerToolType(1, ToolType::FINGER),
+                      WithPointerToolType(0, ToolType::FINGER)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP |
+                                       0 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u), WithPointerCoords(0, 52, 99),
+                      WithPointerCoords(1, 255, 202), WithPointerToolType(0, ToolType::FINGER),
+                      WithPointerToolType(1, ToolType::FINGER)));
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_FINGER, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
+
+    args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(255, 202), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithCoords(255, 202), WithToolType(ToolType::FINGER)));
+}
+
+// Pointer IDs max out at 31, and so must be reused once a touch is lifted to avoid running out.
+TEST_F(CapturedTouchpadEventConverterTest, PointerIdsReusedAfterLift) {
+    CapturedTouchpadEventConverter conv = createConverter();
+
+    // Put down two fingers, which should get IDs 0 and 1.
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 10);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 2);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 20);
+
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_KEY, BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP, 1);
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, args.size());
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithPointerCount(1u),
+                      WithPointerId(/*index=*/0, /*id=*/0)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u), WithPointerId(/*index=*/0, /*id=*/0),
+                      WithPointerId(/*index=*/1, /*id=*/1)));
+
+    // Lift the finger in slot 0, freeing up pointer ID 0...
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
+
+    // ...and simultaneously add a finger in slot 2.
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 2);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 3);
+    processAxis(conv, EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 30);
+
+    args = processSync(conv);
+    ASSERT_EQ(3u, args.size());
+    // Slot 1 being present will result in a MOVE event, even though it hasn't actually moved (see
+    // comments in CapturedTouchpadEventConverter::sync).
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE), WithPointerCount(2u),
+                      WithPointerId(/*index=*/0, /*id=*/0), WithPointerId(/*index=*/1, /*id=*/1)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP |
+                                       0 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u), WithPointerId(/*index=*/0, /*id=*/0),
+                      WithPointerId(/*index=*/1, /*id=*/1)));
+    args.pop_front();
+    // Slot 0 being lifted causes the finger from slot 1 to move up to index 0, but keep its
+    // previous ID. The new finger in slot 2 should take ID 0, which was just freed up.
+    EXPECT_THAT(std::get<NotifyMotionArgs>(args.front()),
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                      WithPointerCount(2u), WithPointerId(/*index=*/0, /*id=*/1),
+                      WithPointerId(/*index=*/1, /*id=*/0)));
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
index 4626f5a..212fceb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
@@ -617,9 +617,11 @@
     }
     // If device sysfs changed -> reopen the device
     if (!mRawLightInfos.empty() && !foundDevice->classes.test(InputDeviceClass::LIGHT)) {
+        InputDeviceIdentifier identifier = foundDevice->identifier;
+        ftl::Flags<InputDeviceClass> classes = foundDevice->classes;
         removeDevice(foundDeviceId);
-        addDevice(foundDeviceId, foundDevice->identifier.name,
-                  foundDevice->classes | InputDeviceClass::LIGHT, foundDevice->identifier.bus);
+        addDevice(foundDeviceId, identifier.name, classes | InputDeviceClass::LIGHT,
+                  identifier.bus);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/HardwareStateConverter_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/HardwareStateConverter_test.cpp
index 19d46c8..5bea2ba 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/HardwareStateConverter_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/HardwareStateConverter_test.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "FakeEventHub.h"
 #include "FakeInputReaderPolicy.h"
 #include "InstrumentedInputReader.h"
+#include "MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h"
 #include "TestConstants.h"
 #include "TestInputListener.h"
 
@@ -38,8 +39,10 @@
             mReader(mFakeEventHub, mFakePolicy, mFakeListener),
             mDevice(newDevice()),
             mDeviceContext(*mDevice, EVENTHUB_ID) {
-        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0);
-        mConverter = std::make_unique<HardwareStateConverter>(mDeviceContext);
+        const size_t slotCount = 8;
+        mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0, slotCount - 1, 0, 0, 0);
+        mAccumulator.configure(mDeviceContext, slotCount, /*usingSlotsProtocol=*/true);
+        mConverter = std::make_unique<HardwareStateConverter>(mDeviceContext, mAccumulator);
     }
 
 protected:
@@ -90,6 +93,7 @@
     InstrumentedInputReader mReader;
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> mDevice;
     InputDeviceContext mDeviceContext;
+    MultiTouchMotionAccumulator mAccumulator;
     std::unique_ptr<HardwareStateConverter> mConverter;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 27d7b9c..a6cdee5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_MOVE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_UP = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP;
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_HOVER_ENTER = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER;
+static constexpr int32_t ACTION_HOVER_MOVE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE;
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_HOVER_EXIT = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT;
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_OUTSIDE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE;
 static constexpr int32_t ACTION_CANCEL = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL;
@@ -205,11 +206,9 @@
 
     using AnrResult = std::pair<sp<IBinder>, int32_t /*pid*/>;
 
-protected:
-    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
-
 public:
-    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
+    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
 
     void assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(const NotifyKeyArgs& args) {
         assertFilterInputEventWasCalledInternal([&args](const InputEvent& event) {
@@ -404,6 +403,16 @@
         mInterceptKeyTimeout = timeout;
     }
 
+    void assertUserActivityPoked() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mPokedUserActivity) << "Expected user activity to have been poked";
+    }
+
+    void assertUserActivityNotPoked() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        ASSERT_FALSE(mPokedUserActivity) << "Expected user activity not to have been poked";
+    }
+
 private:
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::unique_ptr<InputEvent> mFilteredEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
@@ -425,6 +434,7 @@
 
     sp<IBinder> mDropTargetWindowToken GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     bool mNotifyDropWindowWasCalled GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
+    bool mPokedUserActivity GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
 
     std::chrono::milliseconds mInterceptKeyTimeout = 0ms;
 
@@ -523,22 +533,20 @@
 
     void notifyVibratorState(int32_t deviceId, bool isOn) override {}
 
-    void getDispatcherConfiguration(InputDispatcherConfiguration* outConfig) override {
-        *outConfig = mConfig;
-    }
+    InputDispatcherConfiguration getDispatcherConfiguration() override { return mConfig; }
 
-    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
+    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-        switch (inputEvent->getType()) {
+        switch (inputEvent.getType()) {
             case InputEventType::KEY: {
-                const KeyEvent* keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent*>(inputEvent);
-                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<KeyEvent>(*keyEvent);
+                const KeyEvent& keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(inputEvent);
+                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<KeyEvent>(keyEvent);
                 break;
             }
 
             case InputEventType::MOTION: {
-                const MotionEvent* motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent*>(inputEvent);
-                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>(*motionEvent);
+                const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(inputEvent);
+                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>(motionEvent);
                 break;
             }
             default: {
@@ -549,8 +557,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t&) override {
-        if (inputEvent->getAction() == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
+    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t&) override {
+        if (inputEvent.getAction() == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
             // Clear intercept state when we handled the event.
             mInterceptKeyTimeout = 0ms;
         }
@@ -558,15 +566,16 @@
 
     void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(int32_t, nsecs_t, uint32_t&) override {}
 
-    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t) override {
+    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&, uint32_t) override {
         nsecs_t delay = std::chrono::nanoseconds(mInterceptKeyTimeout).count();
         // Clear intercept state so we could dispatch the event in next wake.
         mInterceptKeyTimeout = 0ms;
         return delay;
     }
 
-    bool dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t, KeyEvent*) override {
-        return false;
+    std::optional<KeyEvent> dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&,
+                                                 uint32_t) override {
+        return {};
     }
 
     void notifySwitch(nsecs_t when, uint32_t switchValues, uint32_t switchMask,
@@ -578,7 +587,10 @@
         mLastNotifySwitch = NotifySwitchArgs(/*id=*/1, when, policyFlags, switchValues, switchMask);
     }
 
-    void pokeUserActivity(nsecs_t, int32_t, int32_t) override {}
+    void pokeUserActivity(nsecs_t, int32_t, int32_t) override {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mPokedUserActivity = true;
+    }
 
     void onPointerDownOutsideFocus(const sp<IBinder>& newToken) override {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
@@ -610,12 +622,12 @@
 
 class InputDispatcherTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> mFakePolicy;
+    std::unique_ptr<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> mFakePolicy;
     std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher> mDispatcher;
 
     void SetUp() override {
-        mFakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
-        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(mFakePolicy, STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT);
+        mFakePolicy = std::make_unique<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>();
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy, STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT);
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
         // Start InputDispatcher thread
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
@@ -623,7 +635,7 @@
 
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->stop());
-        mFakePolicy.clear();
+        mFakePolicy.reset();
         mDispatcher.reset();
     }
 
@@ -1190,6 +1202,10 @@
         mInfo.setInputConfig(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL, noInputChannel);
     }
 
+    void setDisableUserActivity(bool disableUserActivity) {
+        mInfo.setInputConfig(WindowInfo::InputConfig::DISABLE_USER_ACTIVITY, disableUserActivity);
+    }
+
     void setAlpha(float alpha) { mInfo.alpha = alpha; }
 
     void setTouchOcclusionMode(TouchOcclusionMode mode) { mInfo.touchOcclusionMode = mode; }
@@ -1742,6 +1758,28 @@
     return args;
 }
 
+static NotifyKeyArgs generateSystemShortcutArgs(int32_t action,
+                                                int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+    nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    // Define a valid key event.
+    NotifyKeyArgs args(/*id=*/0, currentTime, /*readTime=*/0, DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                       displayId, 0, action, /* flags */ 0, AKEYCODE_C, KEY_C, AMETA_META_ON,
+                       currentTime);
+
+    return args;
+}
+
+static NotifyKeyArgs generateAssistantKeyArgs(int32_t action,
+                                              int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+    nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    // Define a valid key event.
+    NotifyKeyArgs args(/*id=*/0, currentTime, /*readTime=*/0, DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                       displayId, 0, action, /* flags */ 0, AKEYCODE_ASSIST, KEY_ASSISTANT,
+                       AMETA_NONE, currentTime);
+
+    return args;
+}
+
 [[nodiscard]] static NotifyMotionArgs generateMotionArgs(int32_t action, int32_t source,
                                                          int32_t displayId,
                                                          const std::vector<PointF>& points) {
@@ -2418,6 +2456,116 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Start hovering in a window. While this hover is still active, make another window appear on top.
+ * The top, obstructing window has no input channel, so it's not supposed to receive input.
+ * While the top window is present, the hovering is stopped.
+ * Later, hovering gets resumed again.
+ * Ensure that new hover gesture is handled correctly.
+ * This test reproduces a crash where the HOVER_EXIT event wasn't getting dispatched correctly
+ * to the window that's currently being hovered over.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, HoverWhileWindowAppears) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 200, 200));
+
+    // Only a single window is present at first
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    // Start hovering in the window
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(100).y(100))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+
+    // Now, an obscuring window appears!
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> obscuringWindow =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Obscuring window",
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                       /*token=*/std::make_optional<sp<IBinder>>(nullptr));
+    obscuringWindow->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 200, 200));
+    obscuringWindow->setTouchOcclusionMode(TouchOcclusionMode::BLOCK_UNTRUSTED);
+    obscuringWindow->setOwnerInfo(SECONDARY_WINDOW_PID, SECONDARY_WINDOW_UID);
+    obscuringWindow->setNoInputChannel(true);
+    obscuringWindow->setFocusable(false);
+    obscuringWindow->setAlpha(1.0);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {obscuringWindow, window}}});
+
+    // While this new obscuring window is present, the hovering is stopped
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_EXIT, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(100).y(100))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
+
+    // Now the obscuring window goes away.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    // And a new hover gesture starts.
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(100).y(100))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Same test as 'HoverWhileWindowAppears' above, but here, we also send some HOVER_MOVE events to
+ * the obscuring window.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, HoverMoveWhileWindowAppears) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 200, 200));
+
+    // Only a single window is present at first
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    // Start hovering in the window
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(100).y(100))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+
+    // Now, an obscuring window appears!
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> obscuringWindow =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Obscuring window",
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                       /*token=*/std::make_optional<sp<IBinder>>(nullptr));
+    obscuringWindow->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 200, 200));
+    obscuringWindow->setTouchOcclusionMode(TouchOcclusionMode::BLOCK_UNTRUSTED);
+    obscuringWindow->setOwnerInfo(SECONDARY_WINDOW_PID, SECONDARY_WINDOW_UID);
+    obscuringWindow->setNoInputChannel(true);
+    obscuringWindow->setFocusable(false);
+    obscuringWindow->setAlpha(1.0);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {obscuringWindow, window}}});
+
+    // While this new obscuring window is present, the hovering continues. The event can't go to the
+    // bottom window due to obstructed touches, so it should generate HOVER_EXIT for that window.
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(100).y(100))
+                                      .build());
+    obscuringWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
+
+    // Now the obscuring window goes away.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    // Hovering continues in the same position. The hovering pointer re-enters the bottom window,
+    // so it should generate a HOVER_ENTER
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(100).y(100))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+
+    // Now the MOVE should be getting dispatched normally
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(110).y(110))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_MOVE));
+}
+
+/**
  * Two windows: a window on the left and a window on the right.
  * Mouse is clicked on the left window and remains down. Touch is touched on the right and remains
  * down. Then, on the left window, also place second touch pointer down.
@@ -3409,7 +3557,9 @@
                                         .build()));
     window->consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+    // We already canceled the hovering implicitly by injecting the "DOWN" event without lifting the
+    // hover first. Therefore, injection of HOVER_EXIT is inconsistent, and should fail.
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher,
                                 MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT,
                                                    AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)
@@ -3641,6 +3791,30 @@
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(ACTION_CANCEL), WithDisplayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)));
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, NotifyDeviceResetCancelsHoveringStream) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(10).y(10))
+                                      .build());
+
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+
+    // When device reset happens, that hover stream should be terminated with ACTION_HOVER_EXIT
+    mDispatcher->notifyDeviceReset({/*id=*/10, /*eventTime=*/20, DEVICE_ID});
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
+
+    // After the device has been reset, a new hovering stream can be sent to the window
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(15).y(15))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, InterceptKeyByPolicy) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
@@ -3771,7 +3945,7 @@
                                                              "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
     window->setFocusable(true);
 
-    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({*window->getInfo()}, {});
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
     setFocusedWindow(window);
 
     window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
@@ -3785,7 +3959,7 @@
     window->consumeKeyUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
 
     // All windows are removed from the display. Ensure that we can no longer dispatch to it.
-    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({}, {});
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{}, {}, 0, 0});
 
     window->consumeFocusEvent(false);
 
@@ -3801,7 +3975,7 @@
     // Ensure window is non-split and have some transform.
     window->setPreventSplitting(true);
     window->setWindowOffset(20, 40);
-    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({*window->getInfo()}, {});
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
 
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
               injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
@@ -3848,12 +4022,12 @@
         info.displayId = displayId;
         info.transform = transform;
         mDisplayInfos.push_back(std::move(info));
-        mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged(mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos);
+        mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos, 0, 0});
     }
 
     void addWindow(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) {
         mWindowInfos.push_back(*windowHandle->getInfo());
-        mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged(mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos);
+        mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos, 0, 0});
     }
 
     void removeAllWindowsAndDisplays() {
@@ -3957,6 +4131,7 @@
 
     firstWindow->assertNoEvents();
     const MotionEvent* event = secondWindow->consumeMotion();
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, event);
     EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, event->getAction());
 
     // Ensure that the events from the "getRaw" API are in logical display coordinates.
@@ -4530,6 +4705,94 @@
 
     // Window should receive key down event.
     window->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_DisableUserActivity) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setDisableUserActivity(true);
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateKeyArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+
+    // Window should receive key down event.
+    window->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityNotPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_DoesNotReceiveSystemShortcut) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateSystemShortcutArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+
+    // System key is not passed down
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_DoesNotReceiveAssistantKey) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateAssistantKeyArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+
+    // System key is not passed down
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_SystemKeyIgnoresDisableUserActivity) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setDisableUserActivity(true);
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateSystemShortcutArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+
+    // System key is not passed down
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, UnfocusedWindow_DoesNotReceiveFocusEventOrKeyEvent) {
@@ -4952,7 +5215,7 @@
     displayInfo.displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
     displayInfo.transform = transform;
 
-    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({*window->getInfo()}, {displayInfo});
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {displayInfo}, 0, 0});
 
     const NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs =
             generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
@@ -5281,9 +5544,10 @@
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> mWindow;
 
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mFakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+        mFakePolicy = std::make_unique<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>();
         mFakePolicy->setKeyRepeatConfiguration(KEY_REPEAT_TIMEOUT, KEY_REPEAT_DELAY);
-        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher->requestRefreshConfiguration();
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
 
@@ -5721,7 +5985,7 @@
     displayInfos[1].displayId = SECOND_DISPLAY_ID;
     displayInfos[1].transform = secondDisplayTransform;
 
-    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({}, displayInfos);
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{}, displayInfos, 0, 0});
 
     // Enable InputFilter
     mDispatcher->setInputFilterEnabled(true);
@@ -6140,6 +6404,28 @@
     touchAndAssertPositions(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, touchedPoints, expectedPoints);
 }
 
+/**
+ * When one of the windows is slippery, the touch should not slip into the other window with the
+ * same input channel.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowSameTokenTests, TouchDoesNotSlipEvenIfSlippery) {
+    mWindow1->setSlippery(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow1, mWindow2}}});
+
+    // Touch down in window 1
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                                 ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{50, 50}}));
+    consumeMotionEvent(mWindow1, ACTION_DOWN, {{50, 50}});
+
+    // Move touch to be above window 2. Even though window 1 is slippery, touch should not slip.
+    // That means the gesture should continue normally, without any ACTION_CANCEL or ACTION_DOWN
+    // getting generated.
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                                 ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{150, 150}}));
+
+    consumeMotionEvent(mWindow1, ACTION_MOVE, {{150, 150}});
+}
+
 class InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr : public InputDispatcherTest {
     virtual void SetUp() override {
         InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp
index ae30006..ad48a79 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addConfigurationProperty(EVENTHUB_ID, key, value);
 }
 
-std::list<NotifyArgs> InputMapperTest::configureDevice(uint32_t changes) {
-    if (!changes ||
-        (changes &
-         (InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE |
-          InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE))) {
+std::list<NotifyArgs> InputMapperTest::configureDevice(ConfigurationChanges changes) {
+    using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+    if (!changes.any() ||
+        (changes.any(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO |
+                     InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE |
+                     InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DEVICE_TYPE))) {
         mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(changes);
         mReader->loopOnce();
     }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
                                                    ViewportType viewportType) {
     mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(displayId, width, height, orientation, /* isActive= */ true,
                                     uniqueId, physicalPort, viewportType);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 }
 
 void InputMapperTest::clearViewports() {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h
index df601ea..d969034 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     void TearDown() override;
 
     void addConfigurationProperty(const char* key, const char* value);
-    std::list<NotifyArgs> configureDevice(uint32_t changes);
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> configureDevice(ConfigurationChanges changes);
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> newDevice(int32_t deviceId, const std::string& name,
                                            const std::string& location, int32_t eventHubId,
                                            ftl::Flags<InputDeviceClass> classes, int bus = 0);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     T& addMapperAndConfigure(Args... args) {
         T& mapper =
                 mDevice->addMapper<T>(EVENTHUB_ID, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(), args...);
-        configureDevice(0);
+        configureDevice(/*changes=*/{});
         std::list<NotifyArgs> resetArgList = mDevice->reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
         resetArgList += mapper.reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
         // Loop the reader to flush the input listener queue.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index da3fe5b..d56db11 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -265,13 +265,13 @@
     }
 
     std::list<NotifyArgs> reconfigure(nsecs_t, const InputReaderConfiguration& config,
-                                      uint32_t changes) override {
+                                      ConfigurationChanges changes) override {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
         mConfigureWasCalled = true;
 
         // Find the associated viewport if exist.
         const std::optional<uint8_t> displayPort = getDeviceContext().getAssociatedDisplayPort();
-        if (displayPort && (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
+        if (displayPort && changes.test(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO)) {
             mViewport = config.getDisplayViewportByPort(*displayPort);
         }
 
@@ -610,12 +610,12 @@
 
     void disableDevice(int32_t deviceId) {
         mFakePolicy->addDisabledDevice(deviceId);
-        mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE);
+        mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::ENABLED_STATE);
     }
 
     void enableDevice(int32_t deviceId) {
         mFakePolicy->removeDisabledDevice(deviceId);
-        mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE);
+        mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::ENABLED_STATE);
     }
 
     FakeInputMapper& addDeviceWithFakeInputMapper(int32_t deviceId, int32_t eventHubId,
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@
     mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
                                     ui::ROTATION_0, /*isActive=*/true, "local:1", hdmi1,
                                     ViewportType::EXTERNAL);
-    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     mReader->loopOnce();
 
     // Add the device, and make sure all of the callbacks are triggered.
@@ -1142,21 +1142,21 @@
     NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs args;
 
     auto request = mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
-    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     mReader->loopOnce();
     mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasCalled(&args);
     ASSERT_TRUE(args.request.enable) << "Pointer Capture should be enabled.";
     ASSERT_EQ(args.request, request) << "Pointer Capture sequence number should match.";
 
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
-    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     mReader->loopOnce();
     mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasCalled(&args);
     ASSERT_FALSE(args.request.enable) << "Pointer Capture should be disabled.";
 
     // Verify that the Pointer Capture state is not updated when the configuration value
     // does not change.
-    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     mReader->loopOnce();
     mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasNotCalled();
 }
@@ -1527,7 +1527,7 @@
                                       ViewportType viewportType) {
         mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(displayId, width, height, orientation, /*isActive=*/true,
                                         uniqueId, physicalPort, viewportType);
-        mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+        mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     }
 
     void assertReceivedMotion(int32_t action, const std::vector<Point>& points) {
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@
 TYPED_TEST(StylusButtonIntegrationTest, DISABLED_StylusButtonMotionEventsDisabled) {
     TestFixture::mFakePolicy->setStylusButtonMotionEventsEnabled(false);
     TestFixture::mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(
-            InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_STYLUS_BUTTON_REPORTING);
+            InputReaderConfiguration::Change::STYLUS_BUTTON_REPORTING);
 
     const Point centerPoint = TestFixture::mTouchscreen->getCenterPoint();
     const auto touchscreenId = TestFixture::mTouchscreenInfo.getId();
@@ -2341,7 +2341,7 @@
 TEST_F(InputDeviceTest, WhenNoMappersAreRegistered_DeviceIsIgnored) {
     // Configuration.
     InputReaderConfiguration config;
-    std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, 0);
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, /*changes=*/{});
 
     // Reset.
     unused += mDevice->reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
@@ -2402,7 +2402,7 @@
     mapper2.setMetaState(AMETA_SHIFT_ON);
 
     InputReaderConfiguration config;
-    std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, 0);
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, /*changes=*/{});
 
     std::optional<std::string> propertyValue = mDevice->getConfiguration().getString("key");
     ASSERT_TRUE(propertyValue.has_value())
@@ -2484,7 +2484,8 @@
 
     // First Configuration.
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(), 0);
+            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                               /*changes=*/{});
 
     // Device should be enabled by default.
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDevice->isEnabled());
@@ -2495,7 +2496,7 @@
 
     mFakePolicy->addInputPortAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, hdmi);
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     // Device should be disabled because it is associated with a specific display via
     // input port <-> display port association, but the corresponding display is not found
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDevice->isEnabled());
@@ -2505,18 +2506,18 @@
                                     ui::ROTATION_0, /*isActive=*/true, UNIQUE_ID, hdmi,
                                     ViewportType::INTERNAL);
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 
     // Device should be disabled after set disable.
     mFakePolicy->addDisabledDevice(mDevice->getId());
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::ENABLED_STATE);
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 
     // Device should still be disabled even found the associated display.
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 }
 
@@ -2526,14 +2527,15 @@
     mDevice->addMapper<FakeInputMapper>(EVENTHUB_ID, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
                                         AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(), 0);
+            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                               /*changes=*/{});
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 
     // Device should be disabled because it is associated with a specific display, but the
     // corresponding display is not found.
     mFakePolicy->addInputUniqueIdAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID);
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 
     // Device should be enabled when a display is found.
@@ -2541,18 +2543,18 @@
                                     ui::ROTATION_0, /* isActive= */ true, DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID,
                                     NO_PORT, ViewportType::INTERNAL);
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 
     // Device should be disabled after set disable.
     mFakePolicy->addDisabledDevice(mDevice->getId());
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::ENABLED_STATE);
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 
     // Device should still be disabled even found the associated display.
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDevice->isEnabled());
 }
 
@@ -2561,14 +2563,15 @@
     mDevice->addMapper<FakeInputMapper>(EVENTHUB_ID, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
                                         AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(), 0);
+            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                               /*changes=*/{});
 
     mFakePolicy->addInputUniqueIdAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID);
     mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
                                     ui::ROTATION_0, /* isActive= */ true, DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID,
                                     NO_PORT, ViewportType::INTERNAL);
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_EQ(DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID, mDevice->getAssociatedDisplayUniqueId());
 }
 
@@ -3423,7 +3426,7 @@
                                                     AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                               /*changes=*/0);
+                               /*changes=*/{});
     unused += device2->reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
 
     // Prepared displays and associated info.
@@ -3436,7 +3439,7 @@
 
     // No associated display viewport found, should disable the device.
     unused += device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_FALSE(device2->isEnabled());
 
     // Prepare second display.
@@ -3447,7 +3450,7 @@
                                  SECONDARY_UNIQUE_ID, hdmi2, ViewportType::EXTERNAL);
     // Default device will reconfigure above, need additional reconfiguration for another device.
     unused += device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // Device should be enabled after the associated display is found.
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDevice->isEnabled());
@@ -3535,7 +3538,7 @@
                                                     AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                               /*changes=*/0);
+                               /*changes=*/{});
     unused += device2->reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFakeEventHub->getLedState(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID, LED_CAPSL));
@@ -3598,7 +3601,7 @@
                                                     AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                               /*changes=*/0);
+                               /*changes=*/{});
     unused += device2->reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
 
     // Initial metastate is AMETA_NONE.
@@ -3667,7 +3670,7 @@
 
     // Disable device, it should synthesize cancellation events for down events.
     mFakePolicy->addDisabledDevice(DEVICE_ID);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_ENABLED_STATE);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::ENABLED_STATE);
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(&args));
     ASSERT_EQ(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP, args.action);
@@ -3681,18 +3684,28 @@
                                             AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                             AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(), 0);
+            mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                               /*changes=*/{});
 
+    uint32_t generation = mReader->getContext()->getGeneration();
     mFakePolicy->addKeyboardLayoutAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, DEVICE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_INFO);
 
     unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION);
 
     InputDeviceInfo deviceInfo = mDevice->getDeviceInfo();
     ASSERT_EQ(DEVICE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_INFO.languageTag,
               deviceInfo.getKeyboardLayoutInfo()->languageTag);
     ASSERT_EQ(DEVICE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_INFO.layoutType,
               deviceInfo.getKeyboardLayoutInfo()->layoutType);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader->getContext()->getGeneration() != generation);
+
+    // Call change layout association with the same values: Generation shouldn't change
+    generation = mReader->getContext()->getGeneration();
+    mFakePolicy->addKeyboardLayoutAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, DEVICE_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_INFO);
+    unused += mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::KEYBOARD_LAYOUT_ASSOCIATION);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader->getContext()->getGeneration() == generation);
 }
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, LayoutInfoCorrectlyMapped) {
@@ -3703,7 +3716,7 @@
     addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     InputReaderConfiguration config;
-    std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, 0);
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, /*changes=*/{});
 
     ASSERT_EQ("en", mDevice->getDeviceInfo().getKeyboardLayoutInfo()->languageTag);
     ASSERT_EQ("extended", mDevice->getDeviceInfo().getKeyboardLayoutInfo()->layoutType);
@@ -4509,7 +4522,7 @@
     // and events are generated the usual way.
     const uint32_t generation = mReader->getContext()->getGeneration();
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader->getContext()->getGeneration() != generation);
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&resetArgs));
@@ -4558,7 +4571,7 @@
 
     // Enable Pointer Capture
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs captureArgs;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasCalled(&captureArgs));
     ASSERT_TRUE(captureArgs.request.enable);
@@ -4600,7 +4613,7 @@
 
     // Enable Pointer Capture.
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs captureArgs;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyCaptureWasCalled(&captureArgs));
     ASSERT_TRUE(captureArgs.request.enable);
@@ -4626,7 +4639,7 @@
     // The InputDevice is not associated with any display.
     prepareSecondaryDisplay();
     mFakePolicy->setDefaultPointerDisplayId(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     mFakePointerController->setBounds(0, 0, DISPLAY_WIDTH - 1, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 1);
     mFakePointerController->setPosition(100, 200);
@@ -4653,7 +4666,7 @@
     prepareSecondaryDisplay();
     mFakePolicy->setDefaultPointerDisplayId(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID);
     mFakePolicy->addInputUniqueIdAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, SECONDARY_DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     mFakePointerController->setBounds(0, 0, DISPLAY_WIDTH - 1, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 1);
     mFakePointerController->setPosition(100, 200);
@@ -4678,7 +4691,7 @@
     // Associate the InputDevice with the secondary display.
     prepareSecondaryDisplay();
     mFakePolicy->addInputUniqueIdAssociation(DEVICE_LOCATION, SECONDARY_DISPLAY_UNIQUE_ID);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // The mapper should not generate any events because it is associated with a display that is
     // different from the pointer display.
@@ -5845,7 +5858,7 @@
     viewport->physicalRight = 30;
     viewport->physicalBottom = 610;
     mFakePolicy->updateViewport(*viewport);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // Start the touch.
     process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
@@ -6570,7 +6583,7 @@
     auto viewport = mFakePolicy->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
     viewport->isActive = false;
     mFakePolicy->updateViewport(*viewport);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // We should receive a cancel event for the ongoing gesture.
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&motionArgs));
@@ -6595,7 +6608,7 @@
     // Make the viewport active again. The device should resume processing events.
     viewport->isActive = true;
     mFakePolicy->updateViewport(*viewport);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // The device is reset because it changes back to direct mode, without generating any events.
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled());
@@ -6763,7 +6776,7 @@
     // Send update to the mapper.
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused2 =
             mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                               InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DEVICE_TYPE /*changes*/);
+                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DEVICE_TYPE /*changes*/);
 
     // Check whether device type update was successful.
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCH_NAVIGATION, mDevice->getSources());
@@ -6784,7 +6797,7 @@
     viewport->physicalRight = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
     viewport->physicalBottom = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
     mFakePolicy->updateViewport(*viewport);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
 
@@ -6873,7 +6886,7 @@
         v.uniqueId = UNIQUE_ID;
         v.type = ViewportType::INTERNAL;
         mFakePolicy->updateViewport(v);
-        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     }
 
     void assertReceivedMove(const Point& point) {
@@ -7233,7 +7246,7 @@
         mStylusState.pressure = 0.f;
         mStylusState.toolType = ToolType::STYLUS;
         mReader->getContext()->setExternalStylusDevices({mExternalStylusDeviceInfo});
-        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE);
+        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE);
         processExternalStylusState(mapper);
         return mapper;
     }
@@ -9289,7 +9302,7 @@
     // Don't set touch.enableForInactiveViewport to verify the default behavior.
     mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(DISPLAY_ID, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT, ui::ROTATION_0,
                                     /*isActive=*/false, UNIQUE_ID, NO_PORT, ViewportType::INTERNAL);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     prepareAxes(POSITION);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
@@ -9309,7 +9322,7 @@
     addConfigurationProperty("touch.enableForInactiveViewport", "1");
     mFakePolicy->addDisplayViewport(DISPLAY_ID, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT, ui::ROTATION_0,
                                     /*isActive=*/false, UNIQUE_ID, NO_PORT, ViewportType::INTERNAL);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     prepareAxes(POSITION);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
@@ -9331,7 +9344,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(optionalDisplayViewport.has_value());
     DisplayViewport displayViewport = *optionalDisplayViewport;
 
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     prepareAxes(POSITION);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
@@ -9347,7 +9360,7 @@
     // Deactivate display viewport
     displayViewport.isActive = false;
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFakePolicy->updateViewport(displayViewport));
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // The ongoing touch should be canceled immediately
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&motionArgs));
@@ -9362,7 +9375,7 @@
     // Reactivate display viewport
     displayViewport.isActive = true;
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFakePolicy->updateViewport(displayViewport));
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
 
     // Finger move again starts new gesture
     x += 10, y += 10;
@@ -9405,7 +9418,7 @@
                                                       mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration());
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                               /*changes=*/0);
+                               /*changes=*/{});
     unused += device2->reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
 
     // Setup PointerController.
@@ -9426,8 +9439,8 @@
 
     // Default device will reconfigure above, need additional reconfiguration for another device.
     unused += device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO |
-                                         InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_SHOW_TOUCHES);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO |
+                                         InputReaderConfiguration::Change::SHOW_TOUCHES);
 
     // Two fingers down at default display.
     int32_t x1 = 100, y1 = 125, x2 = 300, y2 = 500;
@@ -9458,7 +9471,7 @@
     // Disable the show touches configuration and ensure the spots are cleared.
     mFakePolicy->setShowTouches(false);
     unused += device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                 InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_SHOW_TOUCHES);
+                                 InputReaderConfiguration::Change::SHOW_TOUCHES);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(fakePointerController->getSpots().empty());
 }
@@ -10368,7 +10381,7 @@
 
     // non captured touchpad should be a mouse source
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&resetArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
 }
@@ -10453,7 +10466,7 @@
 
     // captured touchpad should be a touchpad device
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
 }
 
@@ -10839,7 +10852,7 @@
     auto viewport = mFakePolicy->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
     viewport->isActive = false;
     mFakePolicy->updateViewport(*viewport);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::DISPLAY_INFO);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL),
                   WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS),
@@ -10947,14 +10960,6 @@
         mFakePolicy.clear();
     }
 
-    std::list<NotifyArgs> configureDevice(uint32_t changes) {
-        if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
-            mReader->requestRefreshConfiguration(changes);
-            mReader->loopOnce();
-        }
-        return mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(), changes);
-    }
-
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> newDevice(int32_t deviceId, const std::string& name,
                                            const std::string& location, int32_t eventHubId,
                                            ftl::Flags<InputDeviceClass> classes) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
index 338b747..db6f254 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@
     return arg.pointerCount == count;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(WithPointerId, index, id, "MotionEvent with specified pointer ID for pointer index") {
+    const auto argPointerId = arg.pointerProperties[index].id;
+    *result_listener << "expected pointer with index " << index << " to have ID " << argPointerId;
+    return argPointerId == id;
+}
+
 MATCHER_P2(WithCoords, x, y, "InputEvent with specified coords") {
     const auto argX = arg.pointerCoords[0].getX();
     const auto argY = arg.pointerCoords[0].getY();
@@ -136,6 +142,22 @@
     return argPressure == pressure;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(WithTouchDimensions, maj, min, "InputEvent with specified touch dimensions") {
+    const auto argMajor = arg.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR);
+    const auto argMinor = arg.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR);
+    *result_listener << "expected touch dimensions " << maj << " major x " << min
+                     << " minor, but got " << argMajor << " major x " << argMinor << " minor";
+    return argMajor == maj && argMinor == min;
+}
+
+MATCHER_P2(WithToolDimensions, maj, min, "InputEvent with specified tool dimensions") {
+    const auto argMajor = arg.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR);
+    const auto argMinor = arg.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR);
+    *result_listener << "expected tool dimensions " << maj << " major x " << min
+                     << " minor, but got " << argMajor << " major x " << argMinor << " minor";
+    return argMajor == maj && argMinor == min;
+}
+
 MATCHER_P(WithToolType, toolType, "InputEvent with specified tool type") {
     const auto argToolType = arg.pointerProperties[0].toolType;
     *result_listener << "expected tool type " << ftl::enum_string(toolType) << ", but got "
@@ -143,6 +165,14 @@
     return argToolType == toolType;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(WithPointerToolType, pointer, toolType,
+           "InputEvent with specified tool type for pointer") {
+    const auto argToolType = arg.pointerProperties[pointer].toolType;
+    *result_listener << "expected pointer " << pointer << " to have tool type "
+                     << ftl::enum_string(toolType) << ", but got " << ftl::enum_string(argToolType);
+    return argToolType == toolType;
+}
+
 MATCHER_P(WithFlags, flags, "InputEvent with specified flags") {
     *result_listener << "expected flags " << flags << ", but got " << arg.flags;
     return arg.flags == static_cast<int32_t>(flags);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/CursorInputFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/CursorInputFuzzer.cpp
index 8ed1f31..8098ef2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/CursorInputFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/CursorInputFuzzer.cpp
@@ -53,12 +53,14 @@
                 [&]() -> void {
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
                             mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
-                                               fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change(
+                                                       fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>()));
                 },
                 [&]() -> void {
                     // Need to reconfigure with 0 or you risk a NPE.
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-                            mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig, 0);
+                            mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
+                                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change(0));
                     InputDeviceInfo info;
                     mapper.populateDeviceInfo(info);
                 },
@@ -71,7 +73,8 @@
 
                     // Need to reconfigure with 0 or you risk a NPE.
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-                            mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig, 0);
+                            mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
+                                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change(0));
                     RawEvent rawEvent{fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(),
                                       fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(),
                                       fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
@@ -90,7 +93,8 @@
                 [&]() -> void {
                     // Need to reconfigure with 0 or you risk a NPE.
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
-                            mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig, 0);
+                            mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
+                                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change(0));
                     mapper.getAssociatedDisplayId();
                 },
         })();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/FuzzContainer.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/FuzzContainer.h
index d42d11c..84ac0fd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/FuzzContainer.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/FuzzContainer.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     void configureDevice() {
         nsecs_t arbitraryTime = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>();
         std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
-        out += mFuzzDevice->configure(arbitraryTime, mPolicyConfig, 0);
+        out += mFuzzDevice->configure(arbitraryTime, mPolicyConfig, /*changes=*/{});
         out += mFuzzDevice->reset(arbitraryTime);
         for (const NotifyArgs& args : out) {
             mFuzzListener.notify(args);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp
index baece3c..9223287 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputReaderFuzzer.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
         return reader->hasKeys(deviceId, sourceMask, keyCodes, outFlags);
     }
 
-    void requestRefreshConfiguration(uint32_t changes) {
+    void requestRefreshConfiguration(ConfigurationChanges changes) {
         reader->requestRefreshConfiguration(changes);
     }
 
@@ -232,7 +232,8 @@
                                     fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>(), keyCodes, outFlags.data());
                 },
                 [&]() -> void {
-                    reader->requestRefreshConfiguration(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>());
+                    reader->requestRefreshConfiguration(
+                            InputReaderConfiguration::Change(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()));
                 },
                 [&]() -> void {
                     reader->cancelVibrate(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/KeyboardInputFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/KeyboardInputFuzzer.cpp
index 0a6327d..616e870 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/KeyboardInputFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/KeyboardInputFuzzer.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@
                 [&]() -> void {
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
                             mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
-                                               fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>());
+                                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change(
+                                                       fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()));
                 },
                 [&]() -> void {
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mapper.reset(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>());
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MultiTouchInputFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MultiTouchInputFuzzer.cpp
index fdf9f41..212462d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MultiTouchInputFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MultiTouchInputFuzzer.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@
                 [&]() -> void {
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
                             mapper.reconfigure(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(), policyConfig,
-                                               fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>());
+                                               InputReaderConfiguration::Change(
+                                                       fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()));
                 },
                 [&]() -> void {
                     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mapper.reset(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>());
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/BatteryService.cpp b/services/sensorservice/BatteryService.cpp
index b0fbe5d..0ea548c 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/BatteryService.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/BatteryService.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 namespace android {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-BatteryService::BatteryService() : mBatteryStatService(nullptr) {
-}
+BatteryService::BatteryService()
+    : mBatteryStatService(nullptr), mLastWakeupSensorEventReportedMs(0) {}
 
 bool BatteryService::addSensor(uid_t uid, int handle) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mActivationsLock);
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
index fe72a69..0aa1bcb 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
             void onUidStateChanged(uid_t uid __unused, int32_t procState __unused,
                                    int64_t procStateSeq __unused,
                                    int32_t capability __unused) override {}
-            void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid __unused) override {}
+            void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid __unused, int32_t adj __unused) override {}
 
             void addOverrideUid(uid_t uid, bool active);
             void removeOverrideUid(uid_t uid);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
index 608c53a..ccff1ec 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <unordered_set>
+#include "ui/LayerStack.h"
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@
             ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) const = 0;
 
     // Called after the layer is displayed to update the presentation fence
-    virtual void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>) = 0;
+    virtual void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack layerStack) = 0;
 
     // Gets some kind of identifier for the layer for debug purposes.
     virtual const char* getDebugName() const = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
index 12e063b..15e4577 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@
                        std::optional<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                                compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&));
 
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, onLayerDisplayed, (ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onLayerDisplayed, (ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack),
+                (override));
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getDebugName, const char*());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getSequence, int32_t());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index d64231f..793959c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -1556,8 +1556,9 @@
             releaseFence =
                     Fence::merge("LayerRelease", releaseFence, frame.clientTargetAcquireFence);
         }
-        layer->getLayerFE().onLayerDisplayed(
-                ftl::yield<FenceResult>(std::move(releaseFence)).share());
+        layer->getLayerFE()
+                .onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(std::move(releaseFence)).share(),
+                                  outputState.layerFilter.layerStack);
     }
 
     // We've got a list of layers needing fences, that are disjoint with
@@ -1565,7 +1566,8 @@
     // supply them with the present fence.
     for (auto& weakLayer : mReleasedLayers) {
         if (const auto layer = weakLayer.promote()) {
-            layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(frame.presentFence).share());
+            layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(frame.presentFence).share(),
+                                    outputState.layerFilter.layerStack);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index aaf0f06..9e0e7b5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -3220,16 +3220,19 @@
     // are passed. This happens to work with the current implementation, but
     // would not survive certain calls like Fence::merge() which would return a
     // new instance.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
-            .WillOnce([&layer1Fence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_, _))
+            .WillOnce([&layer1Fence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                                     ui::LayerStack) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(FenceResult(layer1Fence), futureFenceResult.get());
             });
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
-            .WillOnce([&layer2Fence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_, _))
+            .WillOnce([&layer2Fence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                                     ui::LayerStack) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(FenceResult(layer2Fence), futureFenceResult.get());
             });
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
-            .WillOnce([&layer3Fence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_, _))
+            .WillOnce([&layer3Fence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                                     ui::LayerStack) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(FenceResult(layer3Fence), futureFenceResult.get());
             });
 
@@ -3285,16 +3288,19 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, onPresentDisplayCompleted());
 
     // Each released layer should be given the presentFence.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer1, onLayerDisplayed(_))
-            .WillOnce([&presentFence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer1, onLayerDisplayed(_, _))
+            .WillOnce([&presentFence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                                      ui::LayerStack) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(FenceResult(presentFence), futureFenceResult.get());
             });
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer2, onLayerDisplayed(_))
-            .WillOnce([&presentFence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer2, onLayerDisplayed(_, _))
+            .WillOnce([&presentFence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                                      ui::LayerStack) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(FenceResult(presentFence), futureFenceResult.get());
             });
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer3, onLayerDisplayed(_))
-            .WillOnce([&presentFence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer3, onLayerDisplayed(_, _))
+            .WillOnce([&presentFence](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                                      ui::LayerStack) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(FenceResult(presentFence), futureFenceResult.get());
             });
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
index f28bfd4..f7049b9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -329,14 +329,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-void AidlComposer::resetCommands(Display display) {
-    mMutex.lock_shared();
-    if (auto writer = getWriter(display)) {
-        writer->get().reset();
-    }
-    mMutex.unlock_shared();
-}
-
 Error AidlComposer::executeCommands(Display display) {
     mMutex.lock_shared();
     auto error = execute(display);
@@ -1054,9 +1046,8 @@
         return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
     }
 
-    const auto& commands = writer->get().getPendingCommands();
+    auto commands = writer->get().takePendingCommands();
     if (commands.empty()) {
-        writer->get().reset();
         return Error::NONE;
     }
 
@@ -1088,8 +1079,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    writer->get().reset();
-
     return error;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
index 8313c09..ce05b38 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
@@ -72,10 +72,6 @@
 
     void registerCallback(HWC2::ComposerCallback& callback) override;
 
-    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
-    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
-    void resetCommands(Display) override;
-
     // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
     Error executeCommands(Display) override;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
index c65c572..cf67795 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
@@ -110,10 +110,6 @@
 
     virtual void registerCallback(HWC2::ComposerCallback& callback) = 0;
 
-    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
-    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
-    virtual void resetCommands(Display) = 0;
-
     // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
     virtual Error executeCommands(Display) = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
index 23de4fa..e0f6c45 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -293,10 +293,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-void HidlComposer::resetCommands(Display) {
-    mWriter.reset();
-}
-
 Error HidlComposer::executeCommands(Display) {
     return execute();
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
index d04652b..0521acf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
@@ -174,10 +174,6 @@
 
     void registerCallback(HWC2::ComposerCallback& callback) override;
 
-    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
-    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
-    void resetCommands(Display) override;
-
     // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
     Error executeCommands(Display) override;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.cpp
index 8f39e26..e55cd3e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.cpp
@@ -35,21 +35,24 @@
                                                       const Rect& sourceCrop, ui::Size reqSize,
                                                       ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace,
                                                       bool useIdentityTransform,
+                                                      bool hintForSeamlessTransition,
                                                       bool allowSecureLayers) {
     if (auto display = displayWeak.promote()) {
         // Using new to access a private constructor.
         return std::unique_ptr<DisplayRenderArea>(
                 new DisplayRenderArea(std::move(display), sourceCrop, reqSize, reqDataSpace,
-                                      useIdentityTransform, allowSecureLayers));
+                                      useIdentityTransform, hintForSeamlessTransition,
+                                      allowSecureLayers));
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
 DisplayRenderArea::DisplayRenderArea(sp<const DisplayDevice> display, const Rect& sourceCrop,
                                      ui::Size reqSize, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace,
-                                     bool useIdentityTransform, bool allowSecureLayers)
-      : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::OPAQUE, reqDataSpace, allowSecureLayers,
-                   applyDeviceOrientation(useIdentityTransform, *display)),
+                                     bool useIdentityTransform, bool hintForSeamlessTransition,
+                                     bool allowSecureLayers)
+      : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::OPAQUE, reqDataSpace, hintForSeamlessTransition,
+                   allowSecureLayers, applyDeviceOrientation(useIdentityTransform, *display)),
         mDisplay(std::move(display)),
         mSourceCrop(sourceCrop) {}
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.h
index ce5410a..9a4981c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayRenderArea.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     static std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> create(wp<const DisplayDevice>, const Rect& sourceCrop,
                                               ui::Size reqSize, ui::Dataspace,
                                               bool useIdentityTransform,
+                                              bool hintForSeamlessTransition,
                                               bool allowSecureLayers = true);
 
     const ui::Transform& getTransform() const override;
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@
 
 private:
     DisplayRenderArea(sp<const DisplayDevice>, const Rect& sourceCrop, ui::Size reqSize,
-                      ui::Dataspace, bool useIdentityTransform, bool allowSecureLayers = true);
+                      ui::Dataspace, bool useIdentityTransform, bool hintForSeamlessTransition,
+                      bool allowSecureLayers = true);
 
     const sp<const DisplayDevice> mDisplay;
     const Rect mSourceCrop;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
index 6af352c..97af445 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 namespace android::surfaceflinger {
 
 std::atomic<uint32_t> LayerCreationArgs::sSequence{1};
+std::atomic<uint32_t> LayerCreationArgs::sInternalSequence{1};
 
 uint32_t LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(uint32_t id) {
     return id | INTERNAL_LAYER_PREFIX;
@@ -48,13 +49,11 @@
                 metadata.getInt32(gui::METADATA_OWNER_UID, static_cast<int32_t>(ownerUid)));
     }
 
-    if (id) {
+    if (internalLayer) {
+        sequence = id.value_or(getInternalLayerId(sInternalSequence++));
+    } else if (id) {
         sequence = *id;
-        if (internalLayer) {
-            sequence = getInternalLayerId(*id);
-        } else {
-            sSequence = *id + 1;
-        }
+        sSequence = *id + 1;
     } else {
         sequence = sSequence++;
         if (sequence >= INTERNAL_LAYER_PREFIX) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h
index 3a0fc6d..c26edb5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 struct LayerCreationArgs {
     static std::atomic<uint32_t> sSequence;
+    static std::atomic<uint32_t> sInternalSequence;
     static uint32_t getInternalLayerId(uint32_t id);
     static LayerCreationArgs fromOtherArgs(const LayerCreationArgs& other);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
index 33d9dbe..cd9515c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
@@ -38,10 +38,11 @@
         RequestedLayerState& layer = *newLayer.get();
         auto [it, inserted] = mIdToLayer.try_emplace(layer.id, References{.owner = layer});
         if (!inserted) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Duplicate layer id %d found. Existing layer: %s", layer.id,
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Duplicate layer id found. New layer: %s Existing layer: %s",
+                             layer.getDebugString().c_str(),
                              it->second.owner.getDebugString().c_str());
         }
-
+        mAddedLayers.push_back(newLayer.get());
         layer.parentId = linkLayer(layer.parentId, layer.id);
         layer.relativeParentId = linkLayer(layer.relativeParentId, layer.id);
         if (layer.layerStackToMirror != ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK) {
@@ -200,8 +201,10 @@
 
             if (layer->what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
                 if (layer->bgColorLayerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID && layer->bgColor.a != 0) {
-                    LayerCreationArgs backgroundLayerArgs(layer->id,
-                                                          /*internalLayer=*/true);
+                    LayerCreationArgs
+                            backgroundLayerArgs(LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(
+                                                        LayerCreationArgs::sInternalSequence++),
+                                                /*internalLayer=*/true);
                     backgroundLayerArgs.parentId = layer->id;
                     backgroundLayerArgs.name = layer->name + "BackgroundColorLayer";
                     backgroundLayerArgs.flags = ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect;
@@ -258,23 +261,19 @@
 }
 
 void LayerLifecycleManager::commitChanges() {
-    for (auto& layer : mLayers) {
-        if (layer->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created)) {
-            for (auto listener : mListeners) {
-                listener->onLayerAdded(*layer);
-            }
+    for (auto layer : mAddedLayers) {
+        for (auto& listener : mListeners) {
+            listener->onLayerAdded(*layer);
         }
+    }
+    mAddedLayers.clear();
+
+    for (auto& layer : mLayers) {
         layer->clearChanges();
     }
 
     for (auto& destroyedLayer : mDestroyedLayers) {
-        if (destroyedLayer->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created)) {
-            for (auto listener : mListeners) {
-                listener->onLayerAdded(*destroyedLayer);
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (auto listener : mListeners) {
+        for (auto& listener : mListeners) {
             listener->onLayerDestroyed(*destroyedLayer);
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h
index f258678..f0d2c22 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h
@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> mLayers;
     // Layers pending destruction. Layers will be destroyed once changes are committed.
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> mDestroyedLayers;
+    // Keeps track of all the layers that were added in order. Changes will be cleared once
+    // committed.
+    std::vector<RequestedLayerState*> mAddedLayers;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
index 1e931a7..a992584 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 LayerSnapshot::LayerSnapshot(const RequestedLayerState& state,
                              const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& path)
       : path(path) {
-    static uint32_t sUniqueSequenceId = 0;
     // Provide a unique id for all snapshots.
     // A front end layer can generate multiple snapshots if its mirrored.
     // Additionally, if the layer is not reachable, we may choose to destroy
@@ -35,7 +34,12 @@
     // change. The consumer shouldn't tie any lifetimes to this unique id but
     // register a LayerLifecycleManager::ILifecycleListener or get a list of
     // destroyed layers from LayerLifecycleManager.
-    uniqueSequence = sUniqueSequenceId++;
+    if (path.isClone()) {
+        uniqueSequence =
+                LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(LayerCreationArgs::sInternalSequence++);
+    } else {
+        uniqueSequence = state.id;
+    }
     sequence = static_cast<int32_t>(state.id);
     name = state.name;
     textureName = state.textureName;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
index b397b82..23bb54c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@
 void RequestedLayerState::merge(const ResolvedComposerState& resolvedComposerState) {
     const uint32_t oldFlags = flags;
     const half oldAlpha = color.a;
-    const bool hadBufferOrSideStream = hasValidBuffer() || sidebandStream != nullptr;
+    const bool hadBuffer = externalTexture != nullptr;
+    const bool hadSideStream = sidebandStream != nullptr;
     const layer_state_t& clientState = resolvedComposerState.state;
     const bool hadBlur = hasBlur();
     uint64_t clientChanges = what | layer_state_t::diff(clientState);
@@ -146,23 +147,32 @@
             changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
         }
     }
-    if (clientState.what &
-        (layer_state_t::eBufferChanged | layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged)) {
-        const bool hasBufferOrSideStream = hasValidBuffer() || sidebandStream != nullptr;
-        if (hadBufferOrSideStream != hasBufferOrSideStream) {
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        externalTexture = resolvedComposerState.externalTexture;
+        barrierProducerId = std::max(bufferData->producerId, barrierProducerId);
+        barrierFrameNumber = std::max(bufferData->frameNumber, barrierFrameNumber);
+        // TODO(b/277265947) log and flush transaction trace when we detect out of order updates
+
+        const bool hasBuffer = externalTexture != nullptr;
+        if (hasBuffer || hasBuffer != hadBuffer) {
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Buffer;
+        }
+
+        if (hasBuffer != hadBuffer) {
             changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion |
                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility | RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input;
         }
     }
-    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
-        barrierProducerId = std::max(bufferData->producerId, barrierProducerId);
-        barrierFrameNumber = std::max(bufferData->frameNumber, barrierFrameNumber);
-        // TODO(b/277265947) log and flush transaction trace when we detect out of order updates
-        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Buffer;
-    }
+
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::SidebandStream;
+        const bool hasSideStream = sidebandStream != nullptr;
+        if (hasSideStream != hadSideStream) {
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility | RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input;
+        }
     }
     if (what & (layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged)) {
         if (oldAlpha == 0 || color.a == 0) {
@@ -236,10 +246,6 @@
         // TODO(b/238781169) handle callbacks
     }
 
-    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
-        externalTexture = resolvedComposerState.externalTexture;
-    }
-
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
         requestedTransform.set(x, y);
     }
@@ -465,6 +471,10 @@
     return hasFrameUpdate() && sidebandStream.get();
 }
 
+bool RequestedLayerState::willReleaseBufferOnLatch() const {
+    return changes.test(Changes::Buffer) && !externalTexture;
+}
+
 void RequestedLayerState::clearChanges() {
     what = 0;
     changes.clear();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
index f15f023..0ef50bc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
     bool hasFrameUpdate() const;
     bool hasReadyFrame() const;
     bool hasSidebandStreamFrame() const;
+    bool willReleaseBufferOnLatch() const;
 
     // Layer serial number.  This gives layers an explicit ordering, so we
     // have a stable sort order when their layer stack and Z-order are
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
index a209cad..9cbe0bb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <cutils/trace.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include "TransactionHandler.h"
 
@@ -73,12 +74,13 @@
 
 void TransactionHandler::applyUnsignaledBufferTransaction(
         std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions, TransactionFlushState& flushState) {
-    // only apply an unsignaled buffer transaction if it's the first one
-    if (!transactions.empty()) {
+    if (!flushState.queueWithUnsignaledBuffer) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!flushState.queueWithUnsignaledBuffer) {
+    // only apply an unsignaled buffer transaction if it's the first one
+    if (!transactions.empty()) {
+        ATRACE_NAME("fence unsignaled");
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 9c232b1..3371ae2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -2552,7 +2552,10 @@
     return outputLayer ? outputLayer->getState().visibleRegion : Region();
 }
 
-void Layer::setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom) {
+void Layer::setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom, uint32_t mirrorRootId) {
+    mSnapshot->path.id = clonedFrom->getSequence();
+    mSnapshot->path.mirrorRootId = mirrorRootId;
+
     cloneDrawingState(clonedFrom.get());
     mClonedFrom = clonedFrom;
     mPremultipliedAlpha = clonedFrom->mPremultipliedAlpha;
@@ -2653,7 +2656,7 @@
         }
         sp<Layer> clonedChild = clonedLayersMap[child];
         if (clonedChild == nullptr) {
-            clonedChild = child->createClone();
+            clonedChild = child->createClone(mirrorRoot->getSequence());
             clonedLayersMap[child] = clonedChild;
         }
         addChildToDrawing(clonedChild);
@@ -2795,7 +2798,8 @@
                               currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
 }
 
-void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
+void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                             ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
     // If we are displayed on multiple displays in a single composition cycle then we would
     // need to do careful tracking to enable the use of the mLastClientCompositionFence.
     //  For example we can only use it if all the displays are client comp, and we need
@@ -2825,8 +2829,7 @@
     // transaction doesn't need a previous release fence.
     sp<CallbackHandle> ch;
     for (auto& handle : mDrawingState.callbackHandles) {
-        if (handle->releasePreviousBuffer &&
-            mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
+        if (handle->releasePreviousBuffer && mPreviousReleaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
             ch = handle;
             break;
         }
@@ -2842,6 +2845,7 @@
         ch->previousReleaseFences.emplace_back(std::move(futureFenceResult));
         ch->name = mName;
     }
+    mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks.push_back(layerStack);
 }
 
 void Layer::onSurfaceFrameCreated(
@@ -2880,8 +2884,7 @@
     }
 
     for (auto& handle : mDrawingState.callbackHandles) {
-        if (handle->releasePreviousBuffer &&
-            mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
+        if (handle->releasePreviousBuffer && mPreviousReleaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
             handle->previousReleaseCallbackId = mPreviousReleaseCallbackId;
             break;
         }
@@ -3018,14 +3021,22 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void Layer::resetDrawingStateBufferInfo() {
+    mDrawingState.producerId = 0;
+    mDrawingState.frameNumber = 0;
+    mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener = nullptr;
+    mDrawingState.buffer = nullptr;
+    mDrawingState.acquireFence = sp<Fence>::make(-1);
+    mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime = std::make_unique<FenceTime>(mDrawingState.acquireFence);
+    mCallbackHandleAcquireTimeOrFence = mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime->getSignalTime();
+    mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint = nullptr;
+}
+
 bool Layer::setBuffer(std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                       const BufferData& bufferData, nsecs_t postTime, nsecs_t desiredPresentTime,
                       bool isAutoTimestamp, std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime,
                       const FrameTimelineInfo& info) {
     ATRACE_FORMAT("setBuffer %s - hasBuffer=%s", getDebugName(), (buffer ? "true" : "false"));
-    if (!buffer) {
-        return false;
-    }
 
     const bool frameNumberChanged =
             bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged);
@@ -3057,12 +3068,24 @@
                                       mLastClientCompositionFence);
             mLastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
         }
-    } else {
+    } else if (buffer) {
         // if we are latching a buffer for the first time then clear the mLastLatchTime since
         // we don't want to incorrectly classify a frame if we miss the desired present time.
         updateLastLatchTime(0);
     }
 
+    mDrawingState.desiredPresentTime = desiredPresentTime;
+    mDrawingState.isAutoTimestamp = isAutoTimestamp;
+    mDrawingState.latchedVsyncId = info.vsyncId;
+    mDrawingState.modified = true;
+    if (!buffer) {
+        resetDrawingStateBufferInfo();
+        setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
+        mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX = nullptr;
+        setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(info, postTime);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     mDrawingState.producerId = bufferData.producerId;
     mDrawingState.barrierProducerId =
             std::max(mDrawingState.producerId, mDrawingState.barrierProducerId);
@@ -3073,7 +3096,6 @@
     // TODO(b/277265947) log and flush transaction trace when we detect out of order updates
     mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener = bufferData.releaseBufferListener;
     mDrawingState.buffer = std::move(buffer);
-    mDrawingState.clientCacheId = bufferData.cachedBuffer;
     mDrawingState.acquireFence = bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged)
             ? bufferData.acquireFence
             : Fence::NO_FENCE;
@@ -3086,15 +3108,11 @@
     } else {
         mCallbackHandleAcquireTimeOrFence = mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime->getSignalTime();
     }
-    mDrawingState.latchedVsyncId = info.vsyncId;
-    mDrawingState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
 
     const int32_t layerId = getSequence();
     mFlinger->mTimeStats->setPostTime(layerId, mDrawingState.frameNumber, getName().c_str(),
                                       mOwnerUid, postTime, getGameMode());
-    mDrawingState.desiredPresentTime = desiredPresentTime;
-    mDrawingState.isAutoTimestamp = isAutoTimestamp;
 
     if (mFlinger->mLegacyFrontEndEnabled) {
         recordLayerHistoryBufferUpdate(getLayerProps());
@@ -3342,7 +3360,7 @@
     const State& s(getDrawingState());
 
     if (!s.buffer) {
-        if (bgColorOnly) {
+        if (bgColorOnly || mBufferInfo.mBuffer) {
             for (auto& handle : mDrawingState.callbackHandles) {
                 handle->latchTime = latchTime;
             }
@@ -3389,12 +3407,19 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::gatherBufferInfo() {
-    if (!mBufferInfo.mBuffer || !mDrawingState.buffer->hasSameBuffer(*mBufferInfo.mBuffer)) {
+    mPreviousReleaseCallbackId = {getCurrentBufferId(), mBufferInfo.mFrameNumber};
+    mPreviousReleaseBufferEndpoint = mBufferInfo.mReleaseBufferEndpoint;
+    if (!mDrawingState.buffer) {
+        mBufferInfo = {};
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((!mBufferInfo.mBuffer || !mDrawingState.buffer->hasSameBuffer(*mBufferInfo.mBuffer))) {
         decrementPendingBufferCount();
     }
 
-    mPreviousReleaseCallbackId = {getCurrentBufferId(), mBufferInfo.mFrameNumber};
     mBufferInfo.mBuffer = mDrawingState.buffer;
+    mBufferInfo.mReleaseBufferEndpoint = mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint;
     mBufferInfo.mFence = mDrawingState.acquireFence;
     mBufferInfo.mFrameNumber = mDrawingState.frameNumber;
     mBufferInfo.mPixelFormat =
@@ -3469,11 +3494,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-sp<Layer> Layer::createClone() {
+sp<Layer> Layer::createClone(uint32_t mirrorRootId) {
     LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata());
     args.textureName = mTextureName;
     sp<Layer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
-    layer->setInitialValuesForClone(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
+    layer->setInitialValuesForClone(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this), mirrorRootId);
     return layer;
 }
 
@@ -3924,6 +3949,10 @@
     mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded = false;
 }
 
+bool Layer::willReleaseBufferOnLatch() const {
+    return !mDrawingState.buffer && mBufferInfo.mBuffer;
+}
+
 bool Layer::latchBuffer(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions, nsecs_t latchTime) {
     const bool bgColorOnly = mDrawingState.bgColorLayer != nullptr;
     return latchBufferImpl(recomputeVisibleRegions, latchTime, bgColorOnly);
@@ -3947,9 +3976,6 @@
         return false;
     }
     updateTexImage(latchTime, bgColorOnly);
-    if (mDrawingState.buffer == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
 
     // Capture the old state of the layer for comparisons later
     BufferInfo oldBufferInfo = mBufferInfo;
@@ -3958,6 +3984,18 @@
     mCurrentFrameNumber = mDrawingState.frameNumber;
     gatherBufferInfo();
 
+    if (mBufferInfo.mBuffer) {
+        // We latched a buffer that will be presented soon. Clear the previously presented layer
+        // stack list.
+        mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks.clear();
+    }
+
+    if (mDrawingState.buffer == nullptr) {
+        const bool bufferReleased = oldBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr;
+        recomputeVisibleRegions = bufferReleased;
+        return bufferReleased;
+    }
+
     if (oldBufferInfo.mBuffer == nullptr) {
         // the first time we receive a buffer, we need to trigger a
         // geometry invalidation.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 8d7c362..2640c92 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -153,7 +153,6 @@
         bool transformToDisplayInverse;
         Region transparentRegionHint;
         std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
-        client_cache_t clientCacheId;
         sp<Fence> acquireFence;
         std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> acquireFenceTime;
         HdrMetadata hdrMetadata;
@@ -249,7 +248,7 @@
     // true if this layer is visible, false otherwise
     virtual bool isVisible() const;
 
-    virtual sp<Layer> createClone();
+    virtual sp<Layer> createClone(uint32_t mirrorRoot);
 
     // Set a 2x2 transformation matrix on the layer. This transform
     // will be applied after parent transforms, but before any final
@@ -455,6 +454,12 @@
                          bool bgColorOnly);
 
     /*
+     * Returns true if the currently presented buffer will be released when this layer state
+     * is latched. This will return false if there is no buffer currently presented.
+     */
+    bool willReleaseBufferOnLatch() const;
+
+    /*
      * Calls latchBuffer if the buffer has a frame queued and then releases the buffer.
      * This is used if the buffer is just latched and releases to free up the buffer
      * and will not be shown on screen.
@@ -536,6 +541,7 @@
 
         std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mBuffer;
         uint64_t mFrameNumber;
+        sp<IBinder> mReleaseBufferEndpoint;
 
         bool mFrameLatencyNeeded{false};
         float mDesiredHdrSdrRatio = 1.f;
@@ -547,7 +553,7 @@
     const compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState* getCompositionState() const;
     bool fenceHasSignaled() const;
     void onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime);
-    void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>);
+    void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack layerStack);
 
     void setWasClientComposed(const sp<Fence>& fence) {
         mLastClientCompositionFence = fence;
@@ -900,7 +906,10 @@
     void setTransformHint(std::optional<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> transformHint) {
         mTransformHint = transformHint;
     }
-
+    // Keeps track of the previously presented layer stacks. This is used to get
+    // the release fences from the correct displays when we release the last buffer
+    // from the layer.
+    std::vector<ui::LayerStack> mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks;
     // Exposed so SurfaceFlinger can assert that it's held
     const sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger;
 
@@ -913,7 +922,7 @@
     friend class TransactionFrameTracerTest;
     friend class TransactionSurfaceFrameTest;
 
-    virtual void setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom);
+    virtual void setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom, uint32_t mirrorRootId);
     void preparePerFrameCompositionState();
     void preparePerFrameBufferCompositionState();
     void preparePerFrameEffectsCompositionState();
@@ -1177,6 +1186,7 @@
     half4 mBorderColor;
 
     void setTransformHintLegacy(ui::Transform::RotationFlags);
+    void resetDrawingStateBufferInfo();
 
     const uint32_t mTextureName;
 
@@ -1187,6 +1197,7 @@
     std::optional<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> mTransformHint = std::nullopt;
 
     ReleaseCallbackId mPreviousReleaseCallbackId = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID;
+    sp<IBinder> mPreviousReleaseBufferEndpoint;
     uint64_t mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber = 0;
 
     uint64_t mPreviousBarrierFrameNumber = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
index b9c8b78..e713263 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
@@ -325,8 +325,9 @@
     caster.shadow = state;
 }
 
-void LayerFE::onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
-    mCompositionResult.releaseFences.emplace_back(std::move(futureFenceResult));
+void LayerFE::onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
+                               ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
+    mCompositionResult.releaseFences.emplace_back(std::move(futureFenceResult), layerStack);
 }
 
 CompositionResult&& LayerFE::stealCompositionResult() {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
index c23bd31..d584fb7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     // TODO(b/238781169) update CE to no longer pass refreshStartTime to LayerFE::onPreComposition
     // and remove this field.
     nsecs_t refreshStartTime = 0;
-    std::vector<ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>> releaseFences;
+    std::vector<std::pair<ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack>> releaseFences;
     sp<Fence> lastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
 };
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     // compositionengine::LayerFE overrides
     const compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState* getCompositionState() const override;
     bool onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime, bool updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame) override;
-    void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack) override;
     const char* getDebugName() const override;
     int32_t getSequence() const override;
     bool hasRoundedCorners() const override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
index 5d92485..3472d20 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
@@ -392,7 +392,11 @@
 
     layerInfo->set_id(snapshot.uniqueSequence);
     layerInfo->set_original_id(snapshot.sequence);
-    layerInfo->set_name(requestedState.name);
+    if (!snapshot.path.isClone()) {
+        layerInfo->set_name(requestedState.name);
+    } else {
+        layerInfo->set_name(requestedState.name + "(Mirror)");
+    }
     layerInfo->set_type("Layer");
 
     LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(requestedState.transparentRegion,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
index 1b8ff28..f6b5afc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@
 LayerRenderArea::LayerRenderArea(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, sp<Layer> layer, const Rect& crop,
                                  ui::Size reqSize, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, bool childrenOnly,
                                  bool allowSecureLayers, const ui::Transform& layerTransform,
-                                 const Rect& layerBufferSize)
-      : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::CLEAR, reqDataSpace, allowSecureLayers),
+                                 const Rect& layerBufferSize, bool hintForSeamlessTransition)
+      : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::CLEAR, reqDataSpace, hintForSeamlessTransition,
+                   allowSecureLayers),
         mLayer(std::move(layer)),
         mLayerTransform(layerTransform),
         mLayerBufferSize(layerBufferSize),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h
index 9bb13b3..aa609ee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.h
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 public:
     LayerRenderArea(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, sp<Layer> layer, const Rect& crop, ui::Size reqSize,
                     ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, bool childrenOnly, bool allowSecureLayers,
-                    const ui::Transform& layerTransform, const Rect& layerBufferSize);
+                    const ui::Transform& layerTransform, const Rect& layerBufferSize,
+                    bool hintForSeamlessTransition);
 
     const ui::Transform& getTransform() const override;
     bool isSecure() const override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index 9a4261d..f1fd6db 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -355,6 +355,8 @@
     if (isSetByHwc()) {
         transaction.setFlags(surface, layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator,
                              layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator);
+        // Disable overlay layer caching when refresh rate is updated by the HWC.
+        transaction.setCachingHint(surface, gui::CachingHint::Disabled);
     }
     transaction.setFrameRate(surface, kFrameRate, kCompatibility, kSeamlessness);
     return transaction;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 531d277..8f658d5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -277,10 +277,12 @@
 
     const Rect sampledBounds = sampleRegion.bounds();
     constexpr bool kUseIdentityTransform = false;
+    constexpr bool kHintForSeamlessTransition = false;
 
     SurfaceFlinger::RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = ftl::defer([=] {
         return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, sampledBounds, sampledBounds.getSize(),
-                                         ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, kUseIdentityTransform);
+                                         ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, kUseIdentityTransform,
+                                         kHintForSeamlessTransition);
     });
 
     std::unordered_set<sp<IRegionSamplingListener>, SpHash<IRegionSamplingListener>> listeners;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
index 910fce0..71b85bd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@
     static float getCaptureFillValue(CaptureFill captureFill);
 
     RenderArea(ui::Size reqSize, CaptureFill captureFill, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace,
-               bool allowSecureLayers = false, RotationFlags rotation = ui::Transform::ROT_0)
+               bool hintForSeamlessTransition, bool allowSecureLayers = false,
+               RotationFlags rotation = ui::Transform::ROT_0)
           : mAllowSecureLayers(allowSecureLayers),
             mReqSize(reqSize),
             mReqDataSpace(reqDataSpace),
             mCaptureFill(captureFill),
-            mRotationFlags(rotation) {}
+            mRotationFlags(rotation),
+            mHintForSeamlessTransition(hintForSeamlessTransition) {}
 
     static std::function<std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>()> fromTraverseLayersLambda(
             std::function<void(const LayerVector::Visitor&)> traverseLayers) {
@@ -90,6 +92,10 @@
     // capture operation.
     virtual sp<Layer> getParentLayer() const { return nullptr; }
 
+    // Returns whether the render result may be used for system animations that
+    // must preserve the exact colors of the display.
+    bool getHintForSeamlessTransition() const { return mHintForSeamlessTransition; }
+
 protected:
     const bool mAllowSecureLayers;
 
@@ -98,7 +104,7 @@
     const ui::Dataspace mReqDataSpace;
     const CaptureFill mCaptureFill;
     const RotationFlags mRotationFlags;
-    const Rect mLayerStackSpaceRect;
+    const bool mHintForSeamlessTransition;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index 74665a7..af9acf3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "VSyncDispatch.h"
@@ -597,25 +598,34 @@
                                         nsecs_t timestamp,
                                         nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime,
                                         nsecs_t preferredDeadlineTimestamp) const {
+    uint32_t currentIndex = 0;
     // Add 1 to ensure the preferredFrameTimelineIndex entry (when multiplier == 0) is included.
-    for (int64_t multiplier = -VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength + 1, currentIndex = 0;
-         currentIndex < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; multiplier++) {
+    for (int64_t multiplier = -VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity + 1;
+         currentIndex < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity; multiplier++) {
         nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp = preferredDeadlineTimestamp + multiplier * frameInterval;
-        // Valid possible frame timelines must have future values.
-        if (deadlineTimestamp > timestamp) {
-            if (multiplier == 0) {
-                outVsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = currentIndex;
-            }
-            nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime =
-                    preferredExpectedPresentationTime + multiplier * frameInterval;
-            outVsyncEventData.frameTimelines[currentIndex] =
-                    {.vsyncId =
-                             generateToken(timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedPresentationTime),
-                     .deadlineTimestamp = deadlineTimestamp,
-                     .expectedPresentationTime = expectedPresentationTime};
-            currentIndex++;
+        // Valid possible frame timelines must have future values, so find a later frame timeline.
+        if (deadlineTimestamp <= timestamp) {
+            continue;
         }
+
+        nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime =
+                preferredExpectedPresentationTime + multiplier * frameInterval;
+        if (expectedPresentationTime >= preferredExpectedPresentationTime +
+                    scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold.count()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (multiplier == 0) {
+            outVsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = currentIndex;
+        }
+
+        outVsyncEventData.frameTimelines[currentIndex] =
+                {.vsyncId = generateToken(timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedPresentationTime),
+                 .deadlineTimestamp = deadlineTimestamp,
+                 .expectedPresentationTime = expectedPresentationTime};
+        currentIndex++;
     }
+    outVsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength = currentIndex;
 }
 
 void EventThread::dispatchEvent(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event,
@@ -692,17 +702,27 @@
 }
 
 void EventThread::onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> schedule) {
+    // Hold onto the old registration until after releasing the mutex to avoid deadlock.
+    scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration oldRegistration =
+            onNewVsyncScheduleInternal(std::move(schedule));
+}
+
+scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration EventThread::onNewVsyncScheduleInternal(
+        std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> schedule) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     const bool reschedule = mVsyncRegistration.cancel() == scheduler::CancelResult::Cancelled;
     mVsyncSchedule = std::move(schedule);
-    mVsyncRegistration =
-            scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration(mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(),
-                                                 createDispatchCallback(), mThreadName);
+    auto oldRegistration =
+            std::exchange(mVsyncRegistration,
+                          scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration(mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(),
+                                                               createDispatchCallback(),
+                                                               mThreadName));
     if (reschedule) {
         mVsyncRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.get().count(),
                                      .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
                                      .earliestVsync = mLastVsyncCallbackTime.ns()});
     }
+    return oldRegistration;
 }
 
 scheduler::VSyncDispatch::Callback EventThread::createDispatchCallback() {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 30869e9..684745b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
 
     size_t getEventThreadConnectionCount() override;
 
-    void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) override;
+    void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) override EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
 private:
     friend EventThreadTest;
@@ -201,6 +201,11 @@
 
     scheduler::VSyncDispatch::Callback createDispatchCallback();
 
+    // Returns the old registration so it can be destructed outside the lock to
+    // avoid deadlock.
+    scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration onNewVsyncScheduleInternal(
+            std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
     const char* const mThreadName;
     TracedOrdinal<int> mVsyncTracer;
     TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> mWorkDuration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
index ed65bc6..67e1b9c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ftl/algorithm.h>
 #include <ftl/small_map.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
@@ -82,12 +83,18 @@
         flushTime();
 
         TotalTimes totalTimes = ftl::init::map("ScreenOff", mScreenOffTime);
-        const auto zero = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
 
         // Sum the times for modes that map to the same name, e.g. "60 Hz".
         for (const auto& [fps, time] : mFpsTotalTimes) {
             const auto string = to_string(fps);
-            const auto total = std::as_const(totalTimes).get(string).value_or(std::cref(zero));
+            const auto total = std::as_const(totalTimes)
+                                       .get(string)
+                                       .or_else(ftl::static_ref<std::chrono::milliseconds>([] {
+                                           using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+                                           return 0ms;
+                                       }))
+                                       .value();
+
             totalTimes.emplace_or_replace(string, total.get() + time);
         }
 
@@ -114,15 +121,18 @@
         mPreviousRecordedTime = currentTime;
 
         const auto duration = std::chrono::milliseconds{ns2ms(timeElapsed)};
-        const auto zero = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
-
         uint32_t fps = 0;
 
         if (mCurrentPowerMode == PowerMode::ON) {
             // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
             const auto total = std::as_const(mFpsTotalTimes)
                                        .get(mCurrentRefreshRate)
-                                       .value_or(std::cref(zero));
+                                       .or_else(ftl::static_ref<std::chrono::milliseconds>([] {
+                                           using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+                                           return 0ms;
+                                       }))
+                                       .value();
+
             mFpsTotalTimes.emplace_or_replace(mCurrentRefreshRate, total.get() + duration);
 
             fps = static_cast<uint32_t>(mCurrentRefreshRate.getIntValue());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 8ddcfa1..9319543 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
 #include "OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
-#include "VSyncPredictor.h"
-#include "VSyncReactor.h"
+#include "VSyncTracker.h"
+#include "VsyncController.h"
+#include "VsyncSchedule.h"
 
 #define RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle, ...)                        \
     do {                                                             \
@@ -119,18 +120,17 @@
 
 void Scheduler::registerDisplayInternal(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                         RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
-                                        std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> vsyncSchedule) {
+                                        VsyncSchedulePtr schedulePtr) {
     demotePacesetterDisplay();
 
     std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> pacesetterVsyncSchedule;
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
-        mRefreshRateSelectors.emplace_or_replace(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
-        mVsyncSchedules.emplace_or_replace(displayId, std::move(vsyncSchedule));
+        mDisplays.emplace_or_replace(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr), std::move(schedulePtr));
 
         pacesetterVsyncSchedule = promotePacesetterDisplayLocked();
     }
-    applyNewVsyncScheduleIfNonNull(std::move(pacesetterVsyncSchedule));
+    applyNewVsyncSchedule(std::move(pacesetterVsyncSchedule));
 }
 
 void Scheduler::unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
@@ -139,17 +139,16 @@
     std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> pacesetterVsyncSchedule;
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
-        mRefreshRateSelectors.erase(displayId);
-        mVsyncSchedules.erase(displayId);
+        mDisplays.erase(displayId);
 
         // Do not allow removing the final display. Code in the scheduler expects
         // there to be at least one display. (This may be relaxed in the future with
         // headless virtual display.)
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mRefreshRateSelectors.empty(), "Cannot unregister all displays!");
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mDisplays.empty(), "Cannot unregister all displays!");
 
         pacesetterVsyncSchedule = promotePacesetterDisplayLocked();
     }
-    applyNewVsyncScheduleIfNonNull(std::move(pacesetterVsyncSchedule));
+    applyNewVsyncSchedule(std::move(pacesetterVsyncSchedule));
 }
 
 void Scheduler::run() {
@@ -199,20 +198,27 @@
 
 impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction Scheduler::makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const {
     return [this](uid_t uid) {
-        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps;
-        const nsecs_t currentPeriod =
-                getVsyncSchedule()->period().ns() ?: refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+        const auto [refreshRate, period] = [this] {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+            const auto pacesetterOpt = pacesetterDisplayLocked();
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!pacesetterOpt);
+            const Display& pacesetter = *pacesetterOpt;
+            return std::make_pair(pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps,
+                                  pacesetter.schedulePtr->period());
+        }();
+
+        const Period currentPeriod = period != Period::zero() ? period : refreshRate.getPeriod();
 
         const auto frameRate = getFrameRateOverride(uid);
         if (!frameRate.has_value()) {
-            return currentPeriod;
+            return currentPeriod.ns();
         }
 
         const auto divisor = RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(refreshRate, *frameRate);
         if (divisor <= 1) {
-            return currentPeriod;
+            return currentPeriod.ns();
         }
-        return currentPeriod * divisor;
+        return currentPeriod.ns() * divisor;
     };
 }
 
@@ -400,11 +406,13 @@
 
 void Scheduler::enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId id) {
     auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!schedule);
     schedule->enableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId id, bool disallow) {
     auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!schedule);
     schedule->disableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback, disallow);
 }
 
@@ -413,23 +421,27 @@
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    for (const auto& [id, _] : mRefreshRateSelectors) {
+    for (const auto& [id, _] : mDisplays) {
         resyncToHardwareVsyncLocked(id, allowToEnable);
     }
 }
 
 void Scheduler::resyncToHardwareVsyncLocked(PhysicalDisplayId id, bool allowToEnable,
                                             std::optional<Fps> refreshRate) {
-    auto schedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(id);
-    if (schedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(allowToEnable)) {
+    const auto displayOpt = mDisplays.get(id);
+    if (!displayOpt) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid display %s!", __func__, to_string(id).c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+    const Display& display = *displayOpt;
+
+    if (display.schedulePtr->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(allowToEnable)) {
         if (!refreshRate) {
-            auto selectorPtr = mRefreshRateSelectors.get(id);
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!selectorPtr);
-            refreshRate = selectorPtr->get()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+            refreshRate = display.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
         }
         if (refreshRate->isValid()) {
-            schedule->startPeriodTransition(mSchedulerCallback, refreshRate->getPeriod(),
-                                            false /* force */);
+            display.schedulePtr->startPeriodTransition(mSchedulerCallback, refreshRate->getPeriod(),
+                                                       false /* force */);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -438,9 +450,13 @@
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    auto selectorPtr = mRefreshRateSelectors.get(id);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!selectorPtr);
-    const auto mode = selectorPtr->get()->getActiveMode();
+    const auto displayOpt = mDisplays.get(id);
+    if (!displayOpt) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid display %s!", __func__, to_string(id).c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+    const Display& display = *displayOpt;
+    const auto mode = display.selectorPtr->getActiveMode();
 
     using fps_approx_ops::operator!=;
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(renderFrameRate != mode.fps,
@@ -451,7 +467,7 @@
     ALOGV("%s %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(mode.fps).c_str(),
           to_string(mode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str());
 
-    getVsyncScheduleLocked(id)->getTracker().setRenderRate(renderFrameRate);
+    display.schedulePtr->getTracker().setRenderRate(renderFrameRate);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::resync() {
@@ -470,12 +486,18 @@
     const auto hwcVsyncPeriod = ftl::Optional(hwcVsyncPeriodIn).transform([](nsecs_t nanos) {
         return Period::fromNs(nanos);
     });
-    return getVsyncSchedule(id)->addResyncSample(mSchedulerCallback, TimePoint::fromNs(timestamp),
-                                                 hwcVsyncPeriod);
+    auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    if (!schedule) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid display %s!", __func__, to_string(id).c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+    return schedule->addResyncSample(mSchedulerCallback, TimePoint::fromNs(timestamp),
+                                     hwcVsyncPeriod);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::addPresentFence(PhysicalDisplayId id, std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> fence) {
     auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!schedule);
     const bool needMoreSignals = schedule->getController().addPresentFence(std::move(fence));
     if (needMoreSignals) {
         schedule->enableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback);
@@ -545,6 +567,7 @@
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
         auto vsyncSchedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(id);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!vsyncSchedule);
         vsyncSchedule->getController().setDisplayPowerMode(powerMode);
     }
     if (!isPacesetter) return;
@@ -558,22 +581,26 @@
     mLayerHistory.clear();
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<const VsyncSchedule> Scheduler::getVsyncSchedule(
-        std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt) const {
+auto Scheduler::getVsyncSchedule(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt) const
+        -> ConstVsyncSchedulePtr {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     return getVsyncScheduleLocked(idOpt);
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<const VsyncSchedule> Scheduler::getVsyncScheduleLocked(
-        std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt) const {
+auto Scheduler::getVsyncScheduleLocked(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt) const
+        -> ConstVsyncSchedulePtr {
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+
     if (!idOpt) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mPacesetterDisplayId, "Missing a pacesetter!");
         idOpt = mPacesetterDisplayId;
     }
-    auto scheduleOpt = mVsyncSchedules.get(*idOpt);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!scheduleOpt);
-    return std::const_pointer_cast<const VsyncSchedule>(scheduleOpt->get());
+
+    const auto displayOpt = mDisplays.get(*idOpt);
+    if (!displayOpt) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return displayOpt->get().schedulePtr;
 }
 
 void Scheduler::kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
@@ -597,9 +624,9 @@
         // need to update the VsyncController model anyway.
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        constexpr bool disallow = false;
-        for (auto& [_, schedule] : mVsyncSchedules) {
-            schedule->disableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback, disallow);
+        for (const auto& [_, display] : mDisplays) {
+            constexpr bool kDisallow = false;
+            display.schedulePtr->disableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback, kDisallow);
         }
     }
 
@@ -664,12 +691,12 @@
                             to_string(*mPacesetterDisplayId).c_str());
         getVsyncScheduleLocked()->dump(out);
     }
-    for (auto& [id, vsyncSchedule] : mVsyncSchedules) {
+    for (auto& [id, display] : mDisplays) {
         if (id == mPacesetterDisplayId) {
             continue;
         }
         base::StringAppendF(&out, "VsyncSchedule for follower %s:\n", to_string(id).c_str());
-        vsyncSchedule->dump(out);
+        display.schedulePtr->dump(out);
     }
 }
 
@@ -693,49 +720,39 @@
         pacesetterVsyncSchedule = promotePacesetterDisplayLocked(pacesetterIdOpt);
     }
 
-    applyNewVsyncScheduleIfNonNull(std::move(pacesetterVsyncSchedule));
+    applyNewVsyncSchedule(std::move(pacesetterVsyncSchedule));
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> Scheduler::promotePacesetterDisplayLocked(
         std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> pacesetterIdOpt) {
     // TODO(b/241286431): Choose the pacesetter display.
-    const auto oldPacesetterDisplayIdOpt = mPacesetterDisplayId;
-    mPacesetterDisplayId = pacesetterIdOpt.value_or(mRefreshRateSelectors.begin()->first);
+    mPacesetterDisplayId = pacesetterIdOpt.value_or(mDisplays.begin()->first);
     ALOGI("Display %s is the pacesetter", to_string(*mPacesetterDisplayId).c_str());
 
-    auto newVsyncSchedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(*mPacesetterDisplayId);
-    if (const auto pacesetterPtr = pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked()) {
-        pacesetterPtr->setIdleTimerCallbacks(
+    std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> newVsyncSchedulePtr;
+    if (const auto pacesetterOpt = pacesetterDisplayLocked()) {
+        const Display& pacesetter = *pacesetterOpt;
+
+        pacesetter.selectorPtr->setIdleTimerCallbacks(
                 {.platform = {.onReset = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
                               .onExpired = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }},
                  .kernel = {.onReset = [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
                             .onExpired =
                                     [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }}});
 
-        pacesetterPtr->startIdleTimer();
+        pacesetter.selectorPtr->startIdleTimer();
 
-        // Track the new period, which may have changed due to switching to a
-        // new pacesetter or due to a hotplug event. In the former case, this
-        // is important so that VSYNC modulation does not get stuck in the
-        // initiated state if a transition started on the old pacesetter.
-        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetterPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
-        newVsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mSchedulerCallback, refreshRate.getPeriod(),
-                                                true /* force */);
+        newVsyncSchedulePtr = pacesetter.schedulePtr;
+
+        const Fps refreshRate = pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+        newVsyncSchedulePtr->startPeriodTransition(mSchedulerCallback, refreshRate.getPeriod(),
+                                                   true /* force */);
     }
-    if (oldPacesetterDisplayIdOpt == mPacesetterDisplayId) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return newVsyncSchedule;
+    return newVsyncSchedulePtr;
 }
 
-void Scheduler::applyNewVsyncScheduleIfNonNull(
-        std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> pacesetterSchedulePtr) {
-    if (!pacesetterSchedulePtr) {
-        // The pacesetter has not changed, so there is no new VsyncSchedule to
-        // apply.
-        return;
-    }
-    onNewVsyncSchedule(pacesetterSchedulePtr->getDispatch());
+void Scheduler::applyNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> vsyncSchedule) {
+    onNewVsyncSchedule(vsyncSchedule->getDispatch());
     std::vector<android::EventThread*> threads;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectionsLock);
@@ -745,7 +762,7 @@
         }
     }
     for (auto* thread : threads) {
-        thread->onNewVsyncSchedule(pacesetterSchedulePtr);
+        thread->onNewVsyncSchedule(vsyncSchedule);
     }
 }
 
@@ -830,81 +847,35 @@
 
     using RankedRefreshRates = RefreshRateSelector::RankedFrameRates;
     display::PhysicalDisplayVector<RankedRefreshRates> perDisplayRanking;
-
-    // Tallies the score of a refresh rate across `displayCount` displays.
-    struct RefreshRateTally {
-        explicit RefreshRateTally(float score) : score(score) {}
-
-        float score;
-        size_t displayCount = 1;
-    };
-
-    // Chosen to exceed a typical number of refresh rates across displays.
-    constexpr size_t kStaticCapacity = 8;
-    ftl::SmallMap<Fps, RefreshRateTally, kStaticCapacity, FpsApproxEqual> refreshRateTallies;
-
     const auto globalSignals = makeGlobalSignals();
+    Fps pacesetterFps;
 
-    for (const auto& [id, selectorPtr] : mRefreshRateSelectors) {
+    for (const auto& [id, display] : mDisplays) {
         auto rankedFrameRates =
-                selectorPtr->getRankedFrameRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements, globalSignals);
-
-        for (const auto& [frameRateMode, score] : rankedFrameRates.ranking) {
-            const auto [it, inserted] = refreshRateTallies.try_emplace(frameRateMode.fps, score);
-
-            if (!inserted) {
-                auto& tally = it->second;
-                tally.score += score;
-                tally.displayCount++;
-            }
+                display.selectorPtr->getRankedFrameRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
+                                                         globalSignals);
+        if (id == *mPacesetterDisplayId) {
+            pacesetterFps = rankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps;
         }
-
         perDisplayRanking.push_back(std::move(rankedFrameRates));
     }
 
-    auto maxScoreIt = refreshRateTallies.cbegin();
-
-    // Find the first refresh rate common to all displays.
-    while (maxScoreIt != refreshRateTallies.cend() &&
-           maxScoreIt->second.displayCount != mRefreshRateSelectors.size()) {
-        ++maxScoreIt;
-    }
-
-    if (maxScoreIt != refreshRateTallies.cend()) {
-        // Choose the highest refresh rate common to all displays, if any.
-        for (auto it = maxScoreIt + 1; it != refreshRateTallies.cend(); ++it) {
-            const auto [fps, tally] = *it;
-
-            if (tally.displayCount == mRefreshRateSelectors.size() &&
-                tally.score > maxScoreIt->second.score) {
-                maxScoreIt = it;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    const std::optional<Fps> chosenFps = maxScoreIt != refreshRateTallies.cend()
-            ? std::make_optional(maxScoreIt->first)
-            : std::nullopt;
-
     DisplayModeChoiceMap modeChoices;
-
     using fps_approx_ops::operator==;
 
-    for (auto& [ranking, signals] : perDisplayRanking) {
-        if (!chosenFps) {
-            const auto& [frameRateMode, _] = ranking.front();
-            modeChoices.try_emplace(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                    DisplayModeChoice{frameRateMode, signals});
-            continue;
-        }
+    for (auto& [rankings, signals] : perDisplayRanking) {
+        const auto chosenFrameRateMode =
+                ftl::find_if(rankings,
+                             [&](const auto& ranking) {
+                                 return ranking.frameRateMode.fps == pacesetterFps;
+                             })
+                        .transform([](const auto& scoredFrameRate) {
+                            return scoredFrameRate.get().frameRateMode;
+                        })
+                        .value_or(rankings.front().frameRateMode);
 
-        for (auto& [frameRateMode, _] : ranking) {
-            if (frameRateMode.fps == *chosenFps) {
-                modeChoices.try_emplace(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                        DisplayModeChoice{frameRateMode, signals});
-                break;
-            }
-        }
+        modeChoices.try_emplace(chosenFrameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
+                                DisplayModeChoice{chosenFrameRateMode, signals});
     }
     return modeChoices;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 720a1cb..f13c878 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 #include "RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "Utils/Dumper.h"
 #include "VsyncModulator.h"
-#include "VsyncSchedule.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
@@ -93,6 +92,8 @@
 
 using GlobalSignals = RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals;
 
+class VsyncSchedule;
+
 class Scheduler : android::impl::MessageQueue {
     using Impl = android::impl::MessageQueue;
 
@@ -108,6 +109,9 @@
 
     using RefreshRateSelectorPtr = std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector>;
 
+    using ConstVsyncSchedulePtr = std::shared_ptr<const VsyncSchedule>;
+    using VsyncSchedulePtr = std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>;
+
     void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
             EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
@@ -192,8 +196,8 @@
     // Sets the render rate for the scheduler to run at.
     void setRenderRate(PhysicalDisplayId, Fps);
 
-    void enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId);
-    void disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId, bool disallow);
+    void enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId, bool disallow) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     // Resyncs the scheduler to hardware vsync.
     // If allowToEnable is true, then hardware vsync will be turned on.
@@ -215,7 +219,8 @@
     // otherwise.
     bool addResyncSample(PhysicalDisplayId, nsecs_t timestamp,
                          std::optional<nsecs_t> hwcVsyncPeriod);
-    void addPresentFence(PhysicalDisplayId, std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void addPresentFence(PhysicalDisplayId, std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock)
+            REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     // Layers are registered on creation, and unregistered when the weak reference expires.
     void registerLayer(Layer*);
@@ -236,12 +241,12 @@
     void setDisplayPowerMode(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::PowerMode powerMode)
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<const VsyncSchedule> getVsyncSchedule(
-            std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt = std::nullopt) const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
-    std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> getVsyncSchedule(
-            std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt = std::nullopt) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
-        return std::const_pointer_cast<VsyncSchedule>(
-                static_cast<const Scheduler*>(this)->getVsyncSchedule(idOpt));
+    ConstVsyncSchedulePtr getVsyncSchedule(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> = std::nullopt) const
+            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+
+    VsyncSchedulePtr getVsyncSchedule(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt = std::nullopt)
+            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+        return std::const_pointer_cast<VsyncSchedule>(std::as_const(*this).getVsyncSchedule(idOpt));
     }
 
     // Returns true if a given vsync timestamp is considered valid vsync
@@ -329,20 +334,17 @@
     // MessageQueue and EventThread need to use the new pacesetter's
     // VsyncSchedule, and this must happen while mDisplayLock is *not* locked,
     // or else we may deadlock with EventThread.
-    // Returns the new pacesetter's VsyncSchedule, or null if the pacesetter is
-    // unchanged.
     std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> promotePacesetterDisplayLocked(
             std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> pacesetterIdOpt = std::nullopt)
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext, mDisplayLock);
-    void applyNewVsyncScheduleIfNonNull(std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void applyNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     // Blocks until the pacesetter's idle timer thread exits. `mDisplayLock` must not be locked by
     // the caller on the main thread to avoid deadlock, since the timer thread locks it before exit.
     void demotePacesetterDisplay() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock, mPolicyLock);
 
-    void registerDisplayInternal(PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr,
-                                 std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
-            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void registerDisplayInternal(PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr, VsyncSchedulePtr)
+            REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     struct Policy;
 
@@ -421,16 +423,37 @@
     // must lock for writes but not reads. See also mPolicyLock for locking order.
     mutable std::mutex mDisplayLock;
 
-    display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr> mRefreshRateSelectors
-            GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock) GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
+    struct Display {
+        Display(RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr, VsyncSchedulePtr schedulePtr)
+              : selectorPtr(std::move(selectorPtr)), schedulePtr(std::move(schedulePtr)) {}
 
-    // TODO (b/266715559): Store in the same map as mRefreshRateSelectors.
-    display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>> mVsyncSchedules
-            GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock) GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
+        // Effectively const except in move constructor.
+        RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr;
+        VsyncSchedulePtr schedulePtr;
+    };
+
+    using DisplayRef = std::reference_wrapper<Display>;
+    using ConstDisplayRef = std::reference_wrapper<const Display>;
+
+    display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, Display> mDisplays GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock)
+            GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
 
     ftl::Optional<PhysicalDisplayId> mPacesetterDisplayId GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock)
             GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
 
+    ftl::Optional<DisplayRef> pacesetterDisplayLocked() REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
+        return static_cast<const Scheduler*>(this)->pacesetterDisplayLocked().transform(
+                [](const Display& display) { return std::ref(const_cast<Display&>(display)); });
+    }
+
+    ftl::Optional<ConstDisplayRef> pacesetterDisplayLocked() const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
+        ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+        return mPacesetterDisplayId.and_then([this](PhysicalDisplayId pacesetterId)
+                                                     REQUIRES(mDisplayLock, kMainThreadContext) {
+                                                         return mDisplays.get(pacesetterId);
+                                                     });
+    }
+
     RefreshRateSelectorPtr pacesetterSelectorPtr() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
         return pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked();
@@ -438,19 +461,17 @@
 
     RefreshRateSelectorPtr pacesetterSelectorPtrLocked() const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        const RefreshRateSelectorPtr noPacesetter;
-        return mPacesetterDisplayId
-                .and_then([this](PhysicalDisplayId pacesetterId)
-                                  REQUIRES(mDisplayLock, kMainThreadContext) {
-                                      return mRefreshRateSelectors.get(pacesetterId);
-                                  })
-                .value_or(std::cref(noPacesetter));
+        return pacesetterDisplayLocked()
+                .transform([](const Display& display) { return display.selectorPtr; })
+                .or_else([] { return std::optional<RefreshRateSelectorPtr>(nullptr); })
+                .value();
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<const VsyncSchedule> getVsyncScheduleLocked(
-            std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt = std::nullopt) const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock);
-    std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule> getVsyncScheduleLocked(
-            std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt = std::nullopt) REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
+    ConstVsyncSchedulePtr getVsyncScheduleLocked(
+            std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> = std::nullopt) const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock);
+
+    VsyncSchedulePtr getVsyncScheduleLocked(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> idOpt = std::nullopt)
+            REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
         return std::const_pointer_cast<VsyncSchedule>(
                 static_cast<const Scheduler*>(this)->getVsyncScheduleLocked(idOpt));
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
index 77875e3..c3a952f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
@@ -155,10 +155,6 @@
     VSyncDispatch& operator=(const VSyncDispatch&) = delete;
 };
 
-/*
- * Helper class to operate on registered callbacks. It is up to user of the class to ensure
- * that VsyncDispatch lifetime exceeds the lifetime of VSyncCallbackRegistation.
- */
 class VSyncCallbackRegistration {
 public:
     VSyncCallbackRegistration(std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch>, VSyncDispatch::Callback,
@@ -178,9 +174,10 @@
     CancelResult cancel();
 
 private:
+    friend class VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest;
+
     std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> mDispatch;
-    VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mToken;
-    bool mValidToken;
+    std::optional<VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken> mToken;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
index 26389eb..1f922f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,16 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <ftl/concat.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
 
 #include <scheduler/TimeKeeper.h>
 
 #include "VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h"
 #include "VSyncTracker.h"
 
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "VSyncDispatch"
+
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 using base::StringAppendF;
@@ -225,6 +229,10 @@
 VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::~VSyncDispatchTimerQueue() {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     cancelTimer();
+    for (auto& [_, entry] : mCallbacks) {
+        ALOGE("Forgot to unregister a callback on VSyncDispatch!");
+        entry->ensureNotRunning();
+    }
 }
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::cancelTimer() {
@@ -438,47 +446,44 @@
                                                      VSyncDispatch::Callback callback,
                                                      std::string callbackName)
       : mDispatch(std::move(dispatch)),
-        mToken(mDispatch->registerCallback(std::move(callback), std::move(callbackName))),
-        mValidToken(true) {}
+        mToken(mDispatch->registerCallback(std::move(callback), std::move(callbackName))) {}
 
 VSyncCallbackRegistration::VSyncCallbackRegistration(VSyncCallbackRegistration&& other)
-      : mDispatch(std::move(other.mDispatch)),
-        mToken(std::move(other.mToken)),
-        mValidToken(std::move(other.mValidToken)) {
-    other.mValidToken = false;
-}
+      : mDispatch(std::move(other.mDispatch)), mToken(std::exchange(other.mToken, std::nullopt)) {}
 
 VSyncCallbackRegistration& VSyncCallbackRegistration::operator=(VSyncCallbackRegistration&& other) {
+    if (this == &other) return *this;
+    if (mToken) {
+        mDispatch->unregisterCallback(*mToken);
+    }
     mDispatch = std::move(other.mDispatch);
-    mToken = std::move(other.mToken);
-    mValidToken = std::move(other.mValidToken);
-    other.mValidToken = false;
+    mToken = std::exchange(other.mToken, std::nullopt);
     return *this;
 }
 
 VSyncCallbackRegistration::~VSyncCallbackRegistration() {
-    if (mValidToken) mDispatch->unregisterCallback(mToken);
+    if (mToken) mDispatch->unregisterCallback(*mToken);
 }
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::schedule(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
-    if (!mValidToken) {
+    if (!mToken) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
-    return mDispatch->schedule(mToken, scheduleTiming);
+    return mDispatch->schedule(*mToken, scheduleTiming);
 }
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::update(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
-    if (!mValidToken) {
+    if (!mToken) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
-    return mDispatch->update(mToken, scheduleTiming);
+    return mDispatch->update(*mToken, scheduleTiming);
 }
 
 CancelResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::cancel() {
-    if (!mValidToken) {
+    if (!mToken) {
         return CancelResult::Error;
     }
-    return mDispatch->cancel(mToken);
+    return mDispatch->cancel(*mToken);
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
index 3b1985f..47d95a8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
 // Phase offsets and work durations for SF and app deadlines from VSYNC.
 struct VsyncConfig {
     nsecs_t sfOffset;
@@ -35,6 +37,10 @@
     }
 
     bool operator!=(const VsyncConfig& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+    // The duration for which SF can delay a frame if it is considered early based on the
+    // VsyncConfig::appWorkDuration.
+    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold = 100ms;
 };
 
 struct VsyncConfigSet {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp
index a1d5cd7..09dac23 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     output->setLayerFilter({args.layerStack});
     output->setRenderSurface(std::make_unique<ScreenCaptureRenderSurface>(std::move(args.buffer)));
     output->setDisplayBrightness(args.sdrWhitePointNits, args.displayBrightnessNits);
+    output->editState().clientTargetBrightness = args.targetBrightness;
 
     output->setDisplayColorProfile(std::make_unique<compositionengine::impl::DisplayColorProfile>(
             compositionengine::DisplayColorProfileCreationArgsBuilder()
@@ -75,7 +76,6 @@
     auto clientCompositionDisplay =
             compositionengine::impl::Output::generateClientCompositionDisplaySettings();
     clientCompositionDisplay.clip = mRenderArea.getSourceCrop();
-    clientCompositionDisplay.targetLuminanceNits = -1;
     return clientCompositionDisplay;
 }
 
@@ -94,6 +94,16 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (outputDataspace == ui::Dataspace::BT2020_HLG) {
+        for (auto& layer : clientCompositionLayers) {
+            auto transfer = layer.sourceDataspace & ui::Dataspace::TRANSFER_MASK;
+            if (transfer != static_cast<int32_t>(ui::Dataspace::TRANSFER_HLG) &&
+                transfer != static_cast<int32_t>(ui::Dataspace::TRANSFER_ST2084)) {
+                layer.whitePointNits *= (1000.0f / 203.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     Rect sourceCrop = mRenderArea.getSourceCrop();
     compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings fillLayer;
     fillLayer.source.buffer.buffer = nullptr;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h
index 4e5a0cc..3c307b0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
     float sdrWhitePointNits;
     float displayBrightnessNits;
+    // Counterintuitively, when targetBrightness > 1.0 then dim the scene.
+    float targetBrightness;
     bool regionSampling;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 31bf7ef..3c55caf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1146,17 +1146,26 @@
     std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> displayIdOpt;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        displayIdOpt = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken);
+        if (displayToken) {
+            displayIdOpt = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken);
+            if (!displayIdOpt) {
+                ALOGW("%s: Invalid physical display token %p", __func__, displayToken.get());
+                return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // TODO (b/277364366): Clients should be updated to pass in the display they
+            // want, rather than us picking an arbitrary one (the active display, in this
+            // case).
+            displayIdOpt = mActiveDisplayId;
+        }
     }
 
-    // TODO (b/277364366): Clients should be updated to pass in the display they
-    // want, rather than us picking an arbitrary one (the pacesetter, in this
-    // case).
-    if (displayToken && !displayIdOpt) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Invalid physical display token %p", __func__, displayToken.get());
+    const auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(displayIdOpt);
+    if (!schedule) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Missing VSYNC schedule for display %s!", __func__,
+              to_string(*displayIdOpt).c_str());
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
-    const auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(displayIdOpt);
     outStats->vsyncTime = schedule->vsyncDeadlineAfter(TimePoint::now()).ns();
     outStats->vsyncPeriod = schedule->period().ns();
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -2136,7 +2145,9 @@
     static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock) {
         {
             ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-            mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(id)->setPendingHardwareVsyncState(enabled);
+            if (auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(id)) {
+                schedule->setPendingHardwareVsyncState(enabled);
+            }
         }
 
         ATRACE_FORMAT("%s (%d) for %" PRIu64 " (main thread)", whence, enabled, id.value);
@@ -2146,7 +2157,14 @@
     }));
 }
 
-auto SurfaceFlinger::getPreviousPresentFence(TimePoint frameTime, Period vsyncPeriod)
+bool SurfaceFlinger::wouldPresentEarly(TimePoint frameTime, Period vsyncPeriod) const {
+    const bool isThreeVsyncsAhead = mExpectedPresentTime - frameTime > 2 * vsyncPeriod;
+    return isThreeVsyncsAhead ||
+            getPreviousPresentFence(frameTime, vsyncPeriod)->getSignalTime() !=
+            Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
+}
+
+auto SurfaceFlinger::getPreviousPresentFence(TimePoint frameTime, Period vsyncPeriod) const
         -> const FenceTimePtr& {
     const bool isTwoVsyncsAhead = mExpectedPresentTime - frameTime > vsyncPeriod;
     const size_t i = static_cast<size_t>(isTwoVsyncsAhead);
@@ -2300,16 +2318,20 @@
                 sp<Layer> bgColorLayer = getFactory().createEffectLayer(
                         LayerCreationArgs(this, nullptr, layer->name,
                                           ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect, LayerMetadata(),
-                                          std::make_optional(layer->parentId), true));
+                                          std::make_optional(layer->id), true));
                 mLegacyLayers[bgColorLayer->sequence] = bgColorLayer;
             }
-            if (!layer->hasReadyFrame()) continue;
+            const bool willReleaseBufferOnLatch = layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch();
+            if (!layer->hasReadyFrame() && !willReleaseBufferOnLatch) continue;
 
             auto it = mLegacyLayers.find(layer->id);
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mLegacyLayers.end(), "Couldnt find layer object for %s",
                                 layer->getDebugString().c_str());
             const bool bgColorOnly =
                     !layer->externalTexture && (layer->bgColorLayerId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
+            if (willReleaseBufferOnLatch) {
+                mLayersWithBuffersRemoved.emplace(it->second);
+            }
             it->second->latchBufferImpl(unused, latchTime, bgColorOnly);
             mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second);
         }
@@ -2522,7 +2544,7 @@
     }
 
     updateCursorAsync();
-    updateInputFlinger();
+    updateInputFlinger(vsyncId);
 
     if (mLayerTracingEnabled && !mLayerTracing.flagIsSet(LayerTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION)) {
         // This will block and tracing should only be enabled for debugging.
@@ -2610,21 +2632,14 @@
         refreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = std::chrono::milliseconds(mDebugFlashDelay);
     }
 
-    const auto prevVsyncTime = mExpectedPresentTime - mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule()->period();
-    const auto hwcMinWorkDuration = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs().hwcMinWorkDuration;
-
     const Period vsyncPeriod = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule()->period();
-    const bool threeVsyncsAhead = mExpectedPresentTime - frameTime > 2 * vsyncPeriod;
 
-    // We should wait for the earliest present time if HWC doesn't support ExpectedPresentTime,
-    // and the next vsync is not already taken by the previous frame.
-    const bool waitForEarliestPresent =
-            !getHwComposer().getComposer()->isSupported(
-                    Hwc2::Composer::OptionalFeature::ExpectedPresentTime) &&
-            (threeVsyncsAhead ||
-             mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime->getSignalTime() != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING);
+    if (!getHwComposer().getComposer()->isSupported(
+                Hwc2::Composer::OptionalFeature::ExpectedPresentTime) &&
+        wouldPresentEarly(frameTime, vsyncPeriod)) {
+        const auto prevVsyncTime = mExpectedPresentTime - vsyncPeriod;
+        const auto hwcMinWorkDuration = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs().hwcMinWorkDuration;
 
-    if (waitForEarliestPresent) {
         refreshArgs.earliestPresentTime = prevVsyncTime - hwcMinWorkDuration;
     }
 
@@ -2644,10 +2659,10 @@
     for (auto [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
         CompositionResult compositionResult{layerFE->stealCompositionResult()};
         layer->onPreComposition(compositionResult.refreshStartTime);
-        for (auto releaseFence : compositionResult.releaseFences) {
+        for (auto& [releaseFence, layerStack] : compositionResult.releaseFences) {
             Layer* clonedFrom = layer->getClonedFrom().get();
             auto owningLayer = clonedFrom ? clonedFrom : layer;
-            owningLayer->onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
+            owningLayer->onLayerDisplayed(std::move(releaseFence), layerStack);
         }
         if (compositionResult.lastClientCompositionFence) {
             layer->setWasClientComposed(compositionResult.lastClientCompositionFence);
@@ -2658,9 +2673,10 @@
 
     // Send a power hint hint after presentation is finished
     if (mPowerHintSessionEnabled) {
-        mPowerAdvisor->setSfPresentTiming(TimePoint::fromNs(mPreviousPresentFences[0]
-                                                                    .fenceTime->getSignalTime()),
-                                          TimePoint::now());
+        const nsecs_t pastPresentTime =
+                getPreviousPresentFence(frameTime, vsyncPeriod)->getSignalTime();
+
+        mPowerAdvisor->setSfPresentTiming(TimePoint::fromNs(pastPresentTime), TimePoint::now());
         mPowerAdvisor->reportActualWorkDuration();
     }
 
@@ -2858,6 +2874,32 @@
     const CompositorTiming compositorTiming(vsyncDeadline.ns(), vsyncPeriod.ns(), vsyncPhase,
                                             presentLatency.ns());
 
+    display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, const DisplayDevice*> layerStackToDisplay;
+    {
+        if (!mLayersWithBuffersRemoved.empty() || mNumTrustedPresentationListeners > 0) {
+            Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+            for (const auto& [token, display] : mDisplays) {
+                layerStackToDisplay.emplace_or_replace(display->getLayerStack(), display.get());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto layer : mLayersWithBuffersRemoved) {
+        std::vector<ui::LayerStack> previouslyPresentedLayerStacks =
+                std::move(layer->mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks);
+        layer->mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks.clear();
+        for (auto layerStack : previouslyPresentedLayerStacks) {
+            auto optDisplay = layerStackToDisplay.get(layerStack);
+            if (optDisplay && !optDisplay->get()->isVirtual()) {
+                auto fence = getHwComposer().getPresentFence(optDisplay->get()->getPhysicalId());
+                layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(fence).share(),
+                                        ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
+            }
+        }
+        layer->releasePendingBuffer(presentTime.ns());
+    }
+    mLayersWithBuffersRemoved.clear();
+
     for (const auto& layer: mLayersWithQueuedFrames) {
         layer->onPostComposition(defaultDisplay, glCompositionDoneFenceTime, presentFenceTime,
                                  compositorTiming);
@@ -2984,14 +3026,6 @@
     }
 
     if (mNumTrustedPresentationListeners > 0) {
-        display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, const DisplayDevice*> layerStackToDisplay;
-        {
-            Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-            for (const auto& [token, display] : mDisplays) {
-                layerStackToDisplay.emplace_or_replace(display->getLayerStack(), display.get());
-            }
-        }
-
         // We avoid any reverse traversal upwards so this shouldn't be too expensive
         traverseLegacyLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
             if (!layer->hasTrustedPresentationListener()) {
@@ -3698,11 +3732,11 @@
     doCommitTransactions();
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::updateInputFlinger() {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
-    if (!mInputFlinger) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateInputFlinger(VsyncId vsyncId) {
+    if (!mInputFlinger || (!mUpdateInputInfo && mInputWindowCommands.empty())) {
         return;
     }
+    ATRACE_CALL();
 
     std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos;
     std::vector<DisplayInfo> displayInfos;
@@ -3710,21 +3744,21 @@
     if (mUpdateInputInfo) {
         mUpdateInputInfo = false;
         updateWindowInfo = true;
+        mLastInputFlingerUpdateVsyncId = vsyncId;
+        mLastInputFlingerUpdateTimestamp = systemTime();
         buildWindowInfos(windowInfos, displayInfos);
-    } else if (mInputWindowCommands.empty()) {
-        return;
     }
 
-    std::unordered_set<Layer*> visibleLayers;
-    mDrawingState.traverse([&visibleLayers](Layer* layer) {
-        if (layer->isVisibleForInput()) {
-            visibleLayers.insert(layer);
+    std::unordered_set<int32_t> visibleWindowIds;
+    for (WindowInfo& windowInfo : windowInfos) {
+        if (!windowInfo.inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NOT_VISIBLE)) {
+            visibleWindowIds.insert(windowInfo.id);
         }
-    });
-    bool visibleLayersChanged = false;
-    if (visibleLayers != mVisibleLayers) {
-        visibleLayersChanged = true;
-        mVisibleLayers = std::move(visibleLayers);
+    }
+    bool visibleWindowsChanged = false;
+    if (visibleWindowIds != mVisibleWindowIds) {
+        visibleWindowsChanged = true;
+        mVisibleWindowIds = std::move(visibleWindowIds);
     }
 
     BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().sendCallbacks({[updateWindowInfo,
@@ -3733,15 +3767,17 @@
                                                       inputWindowCommands =
                                                               std::move(mInputWindowCommands),
                                                       inputFlinger = mInputFlinger, this,
-                                                      visibleLayersChanged]() {
+                                                      visibleWindowsChanged]() {
         ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundExecutor::updateInputFlinger");
         if (updateWindowInfo) {
             mWindowInfosListenerInvoker
                     ->windowInfosChanged(std::move(windowInfos), std::move(displayInfos),
                                          std::move(
                                                  inputWindowCommands.windowInfosReportedListeners),
-                                         /* forceImmediateCall= */ visibleLayersChanged ||
-                                                 !inputWindowCommands.focusRequests.empty());
+                                         /* forceImmediateCall= */ visibleWindowsChanged ||
+                                                 !inputWindowCommands.focusRequests.empty(),
+                                         mLastInputFlingerUpdateVsyncId,
+                                         mLastInputFlingerUpdateTimestamp);
         } else {
             // If there are listeners but no changes to input windows, call the listeners
             // immediately.
@@ -4039,7 +4075,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (layer->hasReadyFrame()) {
+        if (layer->hasReadyFrame() || layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch()) {
             frameQueued = true;
             mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(layer));
         } else {
@@ -4070,6 +4106,9 @@
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
 
         for (const auto& layer : mLayersWithQueuedFrames) {
+            if (layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch()) {
+                mLayersWithBuffersRemoved.emplace(layer);
+            }
             if (layer->latchBuffer(visibleRegions, latchTime)) {
                 mLayersPendingRefresh.push_back(layer);
                 newDataLatched = true;
@@ -4203,20 +4242,20 @@
         const TransactionHandler::TransactionFlushState& flushState) {
     using TransactionReadiness = TransactionHandler::TransactionReadiness;
     const auto& transaction = *flushState.transaction;
-    ATRACE_FORMAT("transactionIsReadyToBeApplied vsyncId: %" PRId64,
-                  transaction.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId);
     TimePoint desiredPresentTime = TimePoint::fromNs(transaction.desiredPresentTime);
     // Do not present if the desiredPresentTime has not passed unless it is more than
     // one second in the future. We ignore timestamps more than 1 second in the future
     // for stability reasons.
     if (!transaction.isAutoTimestamp && desiredPresentTime >= mExpectedPresentTime &&
         desiredPresentTime < mExpectedPresentTime + 1s) {
-        ATRACE_NAME("not current");
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("not current desiredPresentTime: %" PRId64 " expectedPresentTime: %" PRId64,
+                      desiredPresentTime, mExpectedPresentTime);
         return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
 
     if (!mScheduler->isVsyncValid(mExpectedPresentTime, transaction.originUid)) {
-        ATRACE_NAME("!isVsyncValid");
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("!isVsyncValid expectedPresentTime: %" PRId64 " uid: %d",
+                      mExpectedPresentTime, transaction.originUid);
         return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
 
@@ -4224,7 +4263,8 @@
     // expected present time of this transaction.
     if (transaction.isAutoTimestamp &&
         frameIsEarly(mExpectedPresentTime, VsyncId{transaction.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId})) {
-        ATRACE_NAME("frameIsEarly");
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("frameIsEarly vsyncId: %" PRId64 " expectedPresentTime: %" PRId64,
+                      transaction.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId, mExpectedPresentTime);
         return TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
     }
     return TransactionReadiness::Ready;
@@ -4254,7 +4294,9 @@
                                                  s.bufferData->acquireFence);
                 // Delete the entire state at this point and not just release the buffer because
                 // everything associated with the Layer in this Transaction is now out of date.
-                ATRACE_NAME("DeleteStaleBuffer");
+                ATRACE_FORMAT("DeleteStaleBuffer %s barrierProducerId:%d > %d",
+                              layer->getDebugName(), layer->getDrawingState().barrierProducerId,
+                              s.bufferData->producerId);
                 return TraverseBuffersReturnValues::DELETE_AND_CONTINUE_TRAVERSAL;
             }
 
@@ -4264,7 +4306,10 @@
                         ((flushState.bufferLayersReadyToPresent.get(s.surface.get()) >=
                           s.bufferData->barrierFrameNumber));
                 if (!willApplyBarrierFrame) {
-                    ATRACE_NAME("NotReadyBarrier");
+                    ATRACE_FORMAT("NotReadyBarrier %s barrierFrameNumber:%" PRId64 " > %" PRId64,
+                                  layer->getDebugName(),
+                                  layer->getDrawingState().barrierFrameNumber,
+                                  s.bufferData->barrierFrameNumber);
                     ready = TransactionReadiness::NotReadyBarrier;
                     return TraverseBuffersReturnValues::STOP_TRAVERSAL;
                 }
@@ -4276,7 +4321,7 @@
         const bool hasPendingBuffer =
                 flushState.bufferLayersReadyToPresent.contains(s.surface.get());
         if (layer->backpressureEnabled() && hasPendingBuffer && transaction.isAutoTimestamp) {
-            ATRACE_NAME("hasPendingBuffer");
+            ATRACE_FORMAT("hasPendingBuffer %s", layer->getDebugName());
             ready = TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
             return TraverseBuffersReturnValues::STOP_TRAVERSAL;
         }
@@ -4293,9 +4338,9 @@
             const bool allowLatchUnsignaled =
                     shouldLatchUnsignaled(layer, s, transaction.states.size(),
                                           flushState.firstTransaction);
-            ATRACE_FORMAT("%s allowLatchUnsignaled=%s", layer->getName().c_str(),
-                          allowLatchUnsignaled ? "true" : "false");
             if (allowLatchUnsignaled) {
+                ATRACE_FORMAT("fence unsignaled try allowLatchUnsignaled %s",
+                              layer->getDebugName());
                 ready = TransactionReadiness::NotReadyUnsignaled;
             } else {
                 ready = TransactionReadiness::NotReady;
@@ -4308,12 +4353,12 @@
                                                        "Buffer processing hung up due to stuck "
                                                        "fence. Indicates GPU hang");
                 }
+                ATRACE_FORMAT("fence unsignaled %s", layer->getDebugName());
                 return TraverseBuffersReturnValues::STOP_TRAVERSAL;
             }
         }
         return TraverseBuffersReturnValues::CONTINUE_TRAVERSAL;
     });
-    ATRACE_INT("TransactionReadiness", static_cast<int>(ready));
     return ready;
 }
 
@@ -4367,10 +4412,8 @@
 
     const auto predictedPresentTime = TimePoint::fromNs(prediction->presentTime);
 
-    // The duration for which SF can delay a frame if it is considered early based on the
-    // VsyncConfig::appWorkDuration.
-    if (constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold = 100ms;
-        std::chrono::abs(predictedPresentTime - expectedPresentTime) >= kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold) {
+    if (std::chrono::abs(predictedPresentTime - expectedPresentTime) >=
+        scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -5063,7 +5106,8 @@
     }
 
     if (layer->setTransactionCompletedListeners(callbackHandles,
-                                                layer->willPresentCurrentTransaction())) {
+                                                layer->willPresentCurrentTransaction() ||
+                                                        layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch())) {
         flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
 
@@ -5177,8 +5221,9 @@
     }
 
     const auto& requestedLayerState = mLayerLifecycleManager.getLayerFromId(layer->getSequence());
-    bool willPresentCurrentTransaction =
-            requestedLayerState && requestedLayerState->hasReadyFrame();
+    bool willPresentCurrentTransaction = requestedLayerState &&
+            (requestedLayerState->hasReadyFrame() ||
+             requestedLayerState->willReleaseBufferOnLatch());
     if (layer->setTransactionCompletedListeners(callbackHandles, willPresentCurrentTransaction))
         flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
 
@@ -5214,7 +5259,7 @@
             return result;
         }
 
-        mirrorLayer->setClonedChild(mirrorFrom->createClone());
+        mirrorLayer->setClonedChild(mirrorFrom->createClone(mirrorLayer->getSequence()));
     }
 
     outResult.layerId = mirrorLayer->sequence;
@@ -5841,8 +5886,8 @@
         return layersProto;
     }
 
-    return LayerProtoFromSnapshotGenerator(mLayerSnapshotBuilder, mFrontEndDisplayInfos, {},
-                                           traceFlags)
+    return LayerProtoFromSnapshotGenerator(mLayerSnapshotBuilder, mFrontEndDisplayInfos,
+                                           mLegacyLayers, traceFlags)
             .generate(mLayerHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy());
 }
 
@@ -6076,6 +6121,29 @@
 
     result.append(mTimeStats->miniDump());
     result.append("\n");
+
+    result.append("Window Infos:\n");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "  input flinger update vsync id: %" PRId64 "\n",
+                  mLastInputFlingerUpdateVsyncId.value);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "  input flinger update timestamp (ns): %" PRId64 "\n",
+                  mLastInputFlingerUpdateTimestamp);
+    result.append("\n");
+
+    if (int64_t unsentVsyncId = mWindowInfosListenerInvoker->getUnsentMessageVsyncId().value;
+        unsentVsyncId != -1) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "  unsent input flinger update vsync id: %" PRId64 "\n",
+                      unsentVsyncId);
+        StringAppendF(&result, "  unsent input flinger update timestamp (ns): %" PRId64 "\n",
+                      mWindowInfosListenerInvoker->getUnsentMessageTimestamp());
+        result.append("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (uint32_t pendingMessages = mWindowInfosListenerInvoker->getPendingMessageCount();
+        pendingMessages != 0) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "  pending input flinger calls: %" PRIu32 "\n",
+                      mWindowInfosListenerInvoker->getPendingMessageCount());
+        result.append("\n");
+    }
 }
 
 mat4 SurfaceFlinger::calculateColorMatrix(float saturation) {
@@ -6886,6 +6954,32 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+ui::Dataspace pickBestDataspace(ui::Dataspace requestedDataspace, const DisplayDevice* display,
+                                bool capturingHdrLayers, bool hintForSeamlessTransition) {
+    if (requestedDataspace != ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN || display == nullptr) {
+        return requestedDataspace;
+    }
+
+    const auto& state = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState();
+
+    const auto dataspaceForColorMode = ui::pickDataspaceFor(state.colorMode);
+
+    if (capturingHdrLayers && !hintForSeamlessTransition) {
+        // For now since we only support 8-bit screenshots, just use HLG and
+        // assume that 1.0 >= display max luminance. This isn't quite as future
+        // proof as PQ is, but is good enough.
+        // Consider using PQ once we support 16-bit screenshots and we're able
+        // to consistently supply metadata to image encoders.
+        return ui::Dataspace::BT2020_HLG;
+    }
+
+    return dataspaceForColorMode;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs& args,
                                         const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -6901,7 +6995,6 @@
     ui::LayerStack layerStack;
     ui::Size reqSize(args.width, args.height);
     std::unordered_set<uint32_t> excludeLayerIds;
-    ui::Dataspace dataspace;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
         sp<DisplayDevice> display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(args.displayToken);
@@ -6923,17 +7016,12 @@
                 return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
             }
         }
-
-        // Allow the caller to specify a dataspace regardless of the display's color mode, e.g. if
-        // it wants sRGB regardless of the display's wide color mode.
-        dataspace = args.dataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN
-                ? ui::pickDataspaceFor(display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode)
-                : args.dataspace;
     }
 
     RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = ftl::defer([=] {
-        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, args.sourceCrop, reqSize, dataspace,
-                                         args.useIdentityTransform, args.captureSecureLayers);
+        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, args.sourceCrop, reqSize,
+                                         ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, args.useIdentityTransform,
+                                         args.hintForSeamlessTransition, args.captureSecureLayers);
     });
 
     GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshots;
@@ -6959,7 +7047,6 @@
     ui::LayerStack layerStack;
     wp<const DisplayDevice> displayWeak;
     ui::Size size;
-    ui::Dataspace dataspace;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
 
@@ -6971,12 +7058,12 @@
         displayWeak = display;
         layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
         size = display->getLayerStackSpaceRect().getSize();
-        dataspace = ui::pickDataspaceFor(display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode);
     }
 
     RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = ftl::defer([=] {
-        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, Rect(), size, dataspace,
+        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, Rect(), size, ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN,
                                          false /* useIdentityTransform */,
+                                         false /* hintForSeamlessTransition */,
                                          false /* captureSecureLayers */);
     });
 
@@ -7018,7 +7105,7 @@
     sp<Layer> parent;
     Rect crop(args.sourceCrop);
     std::unordered_set<uint32_t> excludeLayerIds;
-    ui::Dataspace dataspace;
+    ui::Dataspace dataspace = args.dataspace;
 
     // Call this before holding mStateLock to avoid any deadlocking.
     bool canCaptureBlackoutContent = hasCaptureBlackoutContentPermission();
@@ -7065,12 +7152,6 @@
                 return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
             }
         }
-
-        // The dataspace is depended on the color mode of display, that could use non-native mode
-        // (ex. displayP3) to enhance the content, but some cases are checking native RGB in bytes,
-        // and failed if display is not in native mode. This provide a way to force using native
-        // colors when capture.
-        dataspace = args.dataspace;
     } // mStateLock
 
     // really small crop or frameScale
@@ -7099,7 +7180,8 @@
 
         return std::make_unique<LayerRenderArea>(*this, parent, crop, reqSize, dataspace,
                                                  childrenOnly, args.captureSecureLayers,
-                                                 layerTransform, layerBufferSize);
+                                                 layerTransform, layerBufferSize,
+                                                 args.hintForSeamlessTransition);
     });
     GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshots;
     if (mLayerLifecycleManagerEnabled) {
@@ -7285,29 +7367,48 @@
         return ftl::yield<FenceResult>(base::unexpected(PERMISSION_DENIED)).share();
     }
 
-    captureResults.buffer = buffer->getBuffer();
-    auto dataspace = renderArea->getReqDataSpace();
+    auto capturedBuffer = buffer;
+
+    auto requestedDataspace = renderArea->getReqDataSpace();
     auto parent = renderArea->getParentLayer();
     auto renderIntent = RenderIntent::TONE_MAP_COLORIMETRIC;
     auto sdrWhitePointNits = DisplayDevice::sDefaultMaxLumiance;
     auto displayBrightnessNits = DisplayDevice::sDefaultMaxLumiance;
 
-    if (dataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN && parent) {
+    captureResults.capturedDataspace = requestedDataspace;
+
+    {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        auto display = findDisplay([layerStack = parent->getLayerStack()](const auto& display) {
-            return display.getLayerStack() == layerStack;
-        });
-        if (!display) {
-            // If the layer is not on a display, use the dataspace for the default display.
-            display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+        const DisplayDevice* display = nullptr;
+        if (parent) {
+            display = findDisplay([layerStack = parent->getLayerStack()](const auto& display) {
+                          return display.getLayerStack() == layerStack;
+                      }).get();
         }
 
-        dataspace = ui::pickDataspaceFor(display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode);
-        renderIntent = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().renderIntent;
-        sdrWhitePointNits = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().sdrWhitePointNits;
-        displayBrightnessNits = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().displayBrightnessNits;
+        if (display == nullptr) {
+            display = renderArea->getDisplayDevice().get();
+        }
+
+        if (display == nullptr) {
+            display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked().get();
+        }
+
+        if (display != nullptr) {
+            const auto& state = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState();
+            captureResults.capturedDataspace =
+                    pickBestDataspace(requestedDataspace, display, captureResults.capturedHdrLayers,
+                                      renderArea->getHintForSeamlessTransition());
+            sdrWhitePointNits = state.sdrWhitePointNits;
+            displayBrightnessNits = state.displayBrightnessNits;
+
+            if (requestedDataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN) {
+                renderIntent = state.renderIntent;
+            }
+        }
     }
-    captureResults.capturedDataspace = dataspace;
+
+    captureResults.buffer = capturedBuffer->getBuffer();
 
     ui::LayerStack layerStack{ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK};
     if (!layers.empty()) {
@@ -7324,9 +7425,9 @@
         return layerFEs;
     };
 
-    auto present = [this, buffer = std::move(buffer), dataspace, sdrWhitePointNits,
-                    displayBrightnessNits, grayscale, layerFEs = copyLayerFEs(), layerStack,
-                    regionSampling, renderArea = std::move(renderArea),
+    auto present = [this, buffer = capturedBuffer, dataspace = captureResults.capturedDataspace,
+                    sdrWhitePointNits, displayBrightnessNits, grayscale, layerFEs = copyLayerFEs(),
+                    layerStack, regionSampling, renderArea = std::move(renderArea),
                     renderIntent]() -> FenceResult {
         std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::CompositionEngine> compositionEngine =
                 mFactory.createCompositionEngine();
@@ -7335,6 +7436,16 @@
         compositionengine::Output::ColorProfile colorProfile{.dataspace = dataspace,
                                                              .renderIntent = renderIntent};
 
+        float targetBrightness = 1.0f;
+        if (dataspace == ui::Dataspace::BT2020_HLG) {
+            const float maxBrightnessNits = displayBrightnessNits / sdrWhitePointNits * 203;
+            // With a low dimming ratio, don't fit the entire curve. Otherwise mixed content
+            // will appear way too bright.
+            if (maxBrightnessNits < 1000.f) {
+                targetBrightness = 1000.f / maxBrightnessNits;
+            }
+        }
+
         std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> output = createScreenCaptureOutput(
                 ScreenCaptureOutputArgs{.compositionEngine = *compositionEngine,
                                         .colorProfile = colorProfile,
@@ -7343,6 +7454,7 @@
                                         .buffer = std::move(buffer),
                                         .sdrWhitePointNits = sdrWhitePointNits,
                                         .displayBrightnessNits = displayBrightnessNits,
+                                        .targetBrightness = targetBrightness,
                                         .regionSampling = regionSampling});
 
         const float colorSaturation = grayscale ? 0 : 1;
@@ -7374,12 +7486,14 @@
                                                 : ftl::yield(present()).share();
 
     for (auto& [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
-        layer->onLayerDisplayed(
-                ftl::Future(presentFuture)
-                        .then([layerFE = std::move(layerFE)](FenceResult) {
-                            return layerFE->stealCompositionResult().releaseFences.back().get();
-                        })
-                        .share());
+        layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::Future(presentFuture)
+                                        .then([layerFE = std::move(layerFE)](FenceResult) {
+                                            return layerFE->stealCompositionResult()
+                                                    .releaseFences.back()
+                                                    .first.get();
+                                        })
+                                        .share(),
+                                ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
     }
 
     return presentFuture;
@@ -7947,7 +8061,7 @@
                 Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
                 createEffectLayer(mirrorArgs, &unused, &childMirror);
                 MUTEX_ALIAS(mStateLock, childMirror->mFlinger->mStateLock);
-                childMirror->setClonedChild(layer->createClone());
+                childMirror->setClonedChild(layer->createClone(childMirror->getSequence()));
                 childMirror->reparent(mirrorDisplay.rootHandle);
             }
             // lock on mStateLock needs to be released before binder handle gets destroyed
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index eb9dc74..8eaa1c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <cutils/atomic.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
+#include <ftl/algorithm.h>
 #include <ftl/future.h>
 #include <ftl/non_null.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
@@ -716,7 +717,7 @@
     void updateLayerHistory(const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot);
     frontend::Update flushLifecycleUpdates() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    void updateInputFlinger();
+    void updateInputFlinger(VsyncId);
     void persistDisplayBrightness(bool needsComposite) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
     void buildWindowInfos(std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& outWindowInfos,
                           std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo>& outDisplayInfos);
@@ -854,8 +855,9 @@
     }
 
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayDeviceLocked(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken) REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
-        const sp<DisplayDevice> nullDisplay;
-        return mDisplays.get(displayToken).value_or(std::cref(nullDisplay));
+        return mDisplays.get(displayToken)
+                .or_else(ftl::static_ref<sp<DisplayDevice>>([] { return nullptr; }))
+                .value();
     }
 
     sp<const DisplayDevice> getDisplayDeviceLocked(PhysicalDisplayId id) const
@@ -996,7 +998,9 @@
 
     using FenceTimePtr = std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>;
 
-    const FenceTimePtr& getPreviousPresentFence(TimePoint frameTime, Period)
+    bool wouldPresentEarly(TimePoint frameTime, Period) const REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+
+    const FenceTimePtr& getPreviousPresentFence(TimePoint frameTime, Period) const
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     // Blocks the thread waiting for up to graceTimeMs in case the fence is about to signal.
@@ -1011,10 +1015,10 @@
      */
     sp<display::DisplayToken> getPhysicalDisplayTokenLocked(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const
             REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
-        const sp<display::DisplayToken> nullToken;
         return mPhysicalDisplays.get(displayId)
                 .transform([](const display::PhysicalDisplay& display) { return display.token(); })
-                .value_or(std::cref(nullToken));
+                .or_else([] { return std::optional<sp<display::DisplayToken>>(nullptr); })
+                .value();
     }
 
     std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(
@@ -1191,6 +1195,7 @@
     // Tracks layers that have pending frames which are candidates for being
     // latched.
     std::unordered_set<sp<Layer>, SpHash<Layer>> mLayersWithQueuedFrames;
+    std::unordered_set<sp<Layer>, SpHash<Layer>> mLayersWithBuffersRemoved;
     // Tracks layers that need to update a display's dirty region.
     std::vector<sp<Layer>> mLayersPendingRefresh;
 
@@ -1243,6 +1248,9 @@
 
     VsyncId mLastCommittedVsyncId;
 
+    VsyncId mLastInputFlingerUpdateVsyncId;
+    nsecs_t mLastInputFlingerUpdateTimestamp;
+
     // If blurs should be enabled on this device.
     bool mSupportsBlur = false;
     std::atomic<uint32_t> mFrameMissedCount = 0;
@@ -1425,10 +1433,8 @@
     display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo> mFrontEndDisplayInfos;
     bool mFrontEndDisplayInfosChanged = false;
 
-    // Layers visible during the last commit. This set should only be used for testing set equality
-    // and membership. The pointers should not be dereferenced as it's possible the set contains
-    // pointers to freed layers.
-    std::unordered_set<Layer*> mVisibleLayers;
+    // WindowInfo ids visible during the last commit.
+    std::unordered_set<int32_t> mVisibleWindowIds;
 };
 
 class SurfaceComposerAIDL : public gui::BnSurfaceComposer {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
index 2daea25..35c8b6c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@
     template <typename Visitor>
     void traverseStatesWithBuffers(Visitor&& visitor) const {
         for (const auto& state : states) {
-            if (state.state.hasBufferChanges() && state.state.hasValidBuffer() &&
-                state.state.surface) {
+            if (state.state.hasBufferChanges() && state.externalTexture && state.state.surface) {
                 visitor(state.state);
             }
         }
@@ -88,8 +87,7 @@
     template <typename Visitor>
     void traverseStatesWithBuffersWhileTrue(Visitor&& visitor) {
         for (auto state = states.begin(); state != states.end();) {
-            if (state->state.hasBufferChanges() && state->state.hasValidBuffer() &&
-                state->state.surface) {
+            if (state->state.hasBufferChanges() && state->externalTexture && state->state.surface) {
                 int result = visitor(state->state, state->externalTexture);
                 if (result == STOP_TRAVERSAL) return;
                 if (result == DELETE_AND_CONTINUE_TRAVERSAL) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
index 856fbbb..2b62638 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <ftl/small_vector.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h>
 
 #include "WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h"
 
@@ -86,11 +87,12 @@
 
 void WindowInfosListenerInvoker::windowInfosChanged(
         std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos, std::vector<DisplayInfo> displayInfos,
-        WindowInfosReportedListenerSet reportedListeners, bool forceImmediateCall) {
+        WindowInfosReportedListenerSet reportedListeners, bool forceImmediateCall, VsyncId vsyncId,
+        nsecs_t timestamp) {
     reportedListeners.insert(sp<WindowInfosListenerInvoker>::fromExisting(this));
     auto callListeners = [this, windowInfos = std::move(windowInfos),
-                          displayInfos = std::move(displayInfos)](
-                                 WindowInfosReportedListenerSet reportedListeners) mutable {
+                          displayInfos = std::move(displayInfos), vsyncId,
+                          timestamp](WindowInfosReportedListenerSet reportedListeners) mutable {
         WindowInfosListenerVector windowInfosListeners;
         {
             std::scoped_lock lock(mListenersMutex);
@@ -103,6 +105,9 @@
                 sp<WindowInfosReportedListenerInvoker>::make(windowInfosListeners,
                                                              std::move(reportedListeners));
 
+        gui::WindowInfosUpdate update(std::move(windowInfos), std::move(displayInfos),
+                                      vsyncId.value, timestamp);
+
         for (const auto& listener : windowInfosListeners) {
             sp<IBinder> asBinder = IInterface::asBinder(listener);
 
@@ -111,8 +116,7 @@
             // calling onWindowInfosReported.
             asBinder->linkToDeath(reportedInvoker);
 
-            auto status =
-                    listener->onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos, reportedInvoker);
+            auto status = listener->onWindowInfosChanged(update, reportedInvoker);
             if (!status.isOk()) {
                 reportedInvoker->onWindowInfosReported();
             }
@@ -129,11 +133,15 @@
         // to reduce the amount of binder memory used.
         if (mActiveMessageCount > 0 && !forceImmediateCall) {
             mWindowInfosChangedDelayed = std::move(callListeners);
+            mUnsentVsyncId = vsyncId;
+            mUnsentTimestamp = timestamp;
             mReportedListenersDelayed.merge(reportedListeners);
             return;
         }
 
         mWindowInfosChangedDelayed = nullptr;
+        mUnsentVsyncId = {-1};
+        mUnsentTimestamp = -1;
         reportedListeners.merge(mReportedListenersDelayed);
         mActiveMessageCount++;
     }
@@ -154,6 +162,8 @@
         mActiveMessageCount++;
         callListeners = std::move(mWindowInfosChangedDelayed);
         mWindowInfosChangedDelayed = nullptr;
+        mUnsentVsyncId = {-1};
+        mUnsentTimestamp = -1;
         reportedListeners = std::move(mReportedListenersDelayed);
         mReportedListenersDelayed.clear();
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
index 4da9828..e35d056 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <gui/SpHash.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 
+#include "scheduler/VsyncId.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 using WindowInfosReportedListenerSet =
@@ -40,10 +42,25 @@
 
     void windowInfosChanged(std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>, std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo>,
                             WindowInfosReportedListenerSet windowInfosReportedListeners,
-                            bool forceImmediateCall);
+                            bool forceImmediateCall, VsyncId vsyncId, nsecs_t timestamp);
 
     binder::Status onWindowInfosReported() override;
 
+    VsyncId getUnsentMessageVsyncId() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMessagesMutex);
+        return mUnsentVsyncId;
+    }
+
+    nsecs_t getUnsentMessageTimestamp() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMessagesMutex);
+        return mUnsentTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t getPendingMessageCount() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMessagesMutex);
+        return mActiveMessageCount;
+    }
+
 protected:
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
 
@@ -58,6 +75,8 @@
     uint32_t mActiveMessageCount GUARDED_BY(mMessagesMutex) = 0;
     std::function<void(WindowInfosReportedListenerSet)> mWindowInfosChangedDelayed
             GUARDED_BY(mMessagesMutex);
+    VsyncId mUnsentVsyncId GUARDED_BY(mMessagesMutex) = {-1};
+    nsecs_t mUnsentTimestamp GUARDED_BY(mMessagesMutex) = -1;
     WindowInfosReportedListenerSet mReportedListenersDelayed;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp
index a9247fe..9fac14e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -327,7 +327,6 @@
     invokeComposerHal2_4(&composer, display, outLayer);
 
     composer.executeCommands(display);
-    composer.resetCommands(display);
 
     composer.destroyLayer(display, outLayer);
     composer.destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
index c1bab0e..4d13aca 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
         mFlinger->binderDied(display);
         mFlinger->onFirstRef();
 
-        mFlinger->updateInputFlinger();
+        mFlinger->updateInputFlinger(VsyncId{0});
         mFlinger->updateCursorAsync();
 
         mutableScheduler().setVsyncConfig({.sfOffset = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
index 4304259..921cae4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -125,9 +125,12 @@
                                             mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>(),
                                             mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
 
-    layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(fence).share());
-    layer->onLayerDisplayed(
-            ftl::yield<FenceResult>(base::unexpected(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<status_t>())).share());
+    layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(fence).share(),
+                            ui::LayerStack::fromValue(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()));
+    layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<FenceResult>(
+                                    base::unexpected(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<status_t>()))
+                                    .share(),
+                            ui::LayerStack::fromValue(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>()));
 
     layer->releasePendingBuffer(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
     layer->onPostComposition(nullptr, fenceTime, fenceTime, compositorTiming);
@@ -174,7 +177,8 @@
                               {mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
                                mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>()} /*reqSize*/,
                               mFdp.PickValueInArray(kDataspaces), mFdp.ConsumeBool(),
-                              mFdp.ConsumeBool(), getFuzzedTransform(), getFuzzedRect());
+                              mFdp.ConsumeBool(), getFuzzedTransform(), getFuzzedRect(),
+                              mFdp.ConsumeBool());
     layerArea.render([]() {} /*drawLayers*/);
 
     if (!ownsHandle) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
index a32750e..8061a8f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
     bool isVisible() const override { return true; }
 
-    sp<Layer> createClone() override { return nullptr; }
+    sp<Layer> createClone(uint32_t /* mirrorRootId */) override { return nullptr; }
 };
 
 class FuzzImplVSyncTracker : public scheduler::VSyncTracker {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp
index 0df7e2f..4c26017 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,14 @@
 
     const VsyncEventData& vsyncEventData = parcelableVsyncEventData.vsync;
     EXPECT_NE(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), vsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
+    EXPECT_GT(static_cast<int64_t>(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength), 0)
+            << "Frame timelines length should be greater than 0";
+    EXPECT_LE(static_cast<int64_t>(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength),
+              VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity)
+            << "Frame timelines length should not exceed max capacity";
     EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp, now)
             << "Deadline timestamp should be greater than frame time";
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         EXPECT_NE(gui::FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID,
                   vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[i].expectedPresentationTime,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
index 26dbc76..79886bd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
@@ -1224,4 +1224,75 @@
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, SetNullBuffer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayerWithBuffer());
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    int err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback, layer, /*setBuffer=*/true,
+                              /*setBackgroundColor=*/false);
+    if (err) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+        return;
+    }
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    {
+        ExpectedResult expected;
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, layer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED,
+                            ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED);
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
+    }
+
+    transaction.setBuffer(layer, nullptr);
+    transaction.addTransactionCompletedCallback(callback.function, callback.getContext());
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    {
+        ExpectedResult expected;
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, layer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED_NULL,
+                            ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::RELEASED);
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
+    }
+
+    err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback, layer, /*setBuffer=*/true,
+                          /*setBackgroundColor=*/false);
+    if (err) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    {
+        ExpectedResult expected;
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, layer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED,
+                            ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED);
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, SetNullBufferOnLayerWithoutBuffer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayerWithBuffer());
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    transaction.setBuffer(layer, nullptr);
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    transaction.addTransactionCompletedCallback(callback.function, callback.getContext());
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    {
+        ExpectedResult expected;
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::NOT_PRESENTED, layer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::NOT_ACQUIRED,
+                            ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED);
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
index 0b8c51e..b8068f7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
@@ -1636,6 +1636,65 @@
         getScreenCapture()->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), expectedColor, tolerance);
     }
 }
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetNullBuffer) {
+    const Rect bounds(0, 0, 32, 32);
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
+            sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(32u, 32u, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1u, kUsageFlags, "test");
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TransactionUtils::fillGraphicBufferColor(buffer, bounds, Color::GREEN));
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("before null buffer");
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        shot->expectColor(bounds, Color::GREEN);
+    }
+
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, nullptr).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("null buffer removes buffer");
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        shot->expectColor(bounds, Color::BLACK);
+    }
+
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("after null buffer");
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        shot->expectColor(bounds, Color::GREEN);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetNullBufferOnLayerWithoutBuffer) {
+    const Rect bounds(0, 0, 32, 32);
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState));
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("starting state");
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        shot->expectColor(bounds, Color::BLACK);
+    }
+
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, nullptr).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("null buffer has no effect");
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        shot->expectColor(bounds, Color::BLACK);
+    }
+
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, nullptr).apply();
+    {
+        SCOPED_TRACE("null buffer has no effect");
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        shot->expectColor(bounds, Color::BLACK);
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp
index f4a8f03..3f27360 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfosUpdate.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <future>
@@ -41,9 +42,8 @@
         WindowInfosListener(WindowInfosPredicate predicate, std::promise<void>& promise)
               : mPredicate(std::move(predicate)), mPromise(promise) {}
 
-        void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
-                                  const std::vector<DisplayInfo>&) override {
-            if (mPredicate(windowInfos)) {
+        void onWindowInfosChanged(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update) override {
+            if (mPredicate(update.windowInfos)) {
                 mPromise.set_value();
             }
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
index aa6c74e..21ebaea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     sanitize: {
-        address: false,
+        address: true,
     },
     srcs: [
         ":libsurfaceflinger_sources",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 201d37f..55705ca 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
         "SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_ExcludeDolbyVisionTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayNativePrimariesTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_HdrOutputControlTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_InitializeDisplaysTest.cpp",
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
         "TransactionTracingTest.cpp",
         "TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp",
         "StrongTypingTest.cpp",
+        "VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp",
         "VsyncModulatorTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 156007b..6ca21bd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     constexpr bool regionSampling = false;
 
     auto renderArea = DisplayRenderArea::create(mDisplay, sourceCrop, sourceCrop.getSize(),
-                                                ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, ui::Transform::ROT_0);
+                                                ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, true, true);
 
     auto traverseLayers = [this](const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
         return mFlinger.traverseLayersInLayerStack(mDisplay->getLayerStack(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index f1cdca3..5fed9b4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
 #include "AsyncCallRecorder.h"
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
     EventThreadTest();
     ~EventThreadTest() override;
 
-    void createThread();
+    void setupEventThread(std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod);
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> createConnection(ConnectionEventRecorder& recorder,
                                                    EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {},
                                                    uid_t ownerUid = mConnectionUid);
@@ -90,8 +91,9 @@
                                               nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(
-            nsecs_t expectedTimestamp,
-            /*VSyncSource::VSyncData*/ gui::VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData);
+            nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, gui::VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData);
+    void expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(VsyncEventData vsyncEventData,
+                                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod);
     void expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                 bool expectedConnected);
     void expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
@@ -154,19 +156,6 @@
             .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.getInvocable()));
     EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, unregisterCallback(_))
             .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.getInvocable()));
-
-    createThread();
-    mConnection =
-            createConnection(mConnectionEventCallRecorder,
-                             gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged |
-                                     gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::frameRateOverride);
-    mThrottledConnection = createConnection(mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder,
-                                            gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged,
-                                            mThrottledConnectionUid);
-
-    // A display must be connected for VSYNC events to be delivered.
-    mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
-    expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 EventThreadTest::~EventThreadTest() {
@@ -179,14 +168,12 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 }
 
-void EventThreadTest::createThread() {
+void EventThreadTest::setupEventThread(std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
     const auto throttleVsync = [&](nsecs_t expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
         mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.getInvocable()(expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid);
         return (uid == mThrottledConnectionUid);
     };
-    const auto getVsyncPeriod = [](uid_t uid) {
-        return VSYNC_PERIOD.count();
-    };
+    const auto getVsyncPeriod = [vsyncPeriod](uid_t uid) { return vsyncPeriod.count(); };
 
     mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
     mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>("EventThreadTest", mVsyncSchedule,
@@ -195,6 +182,18 @@
 
     // EventThread should register itself as VSyncSource callback.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
+
+    mConnection =
+            createConnection(mConnectionEventCallRecorder,
+                             gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged |
+                                     gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::frameRateOverride);
+    mThrottledConnection = createConnection(mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder,
+                                            gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged,
+                                            mThrottledConnectionUid);
+
+    // A display must be connected for VSYNC events to be delivered.
+    mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
+    expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadTest::MockEventThreadConnection> EventThreadTest::createConnection(
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
                                   << expectedTimestamp;
     const auto& event = std::get<0>(args.value());
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         auto prediction = mTokenManager->getPredictionsForToken(
                 event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         EXPECT_TRUE(prediction.has_value());
@@ -293,6 +292,21 @@
     }
 }
 
+void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(
+        VsyncEventData vsyncEventData, std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
+    float nonPreferredTimelinesAmount =
+            scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold / vsyncPeriod;
+    EXPECT_LE(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength, nonPreferredTimelinesAmount + 1)
+            << "Amount of non-preferred frame timelines too many;"
+            << " expected presentation time will be over threshold";
+    EXPECT_LT(nonPreferredTimelinesAmount, VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity)
+            << "Amount of non-preferred frame timelines should be less than max capacity";
+    EXPECT_GT(static_cast<int64_t>(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength), 0)
+            << "Frame timelines length should be greater than 0";
+    EXPECT_LT(vsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex, vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength)
+            << "Preferred frame timeline index should be less than frame timelines length";
+}
+
 void EventThreadTest::expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                              bool expectedConnected) {
     auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
@@ -343,6 +357,8 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, canCreateAndDestroyThreadWithNoEventsSent) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
@@ -352,6 +368,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, vsyncRequestIsIgnoredIfDisplayIsDisconnected) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 
@@ -363,6 +381,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncPostsASingleVSyncEventToTheConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
 
@@ -394,6 +414,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
 
@@ -405,7 +427,34 @@
     expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(123, {-1, 789, 456});
 }
 
+TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesValidLength) {
+    // The VsyncEventData should not have kFrameTimelinesCapacity amount of valid frame timelines,
+    // due to longer vsync period and kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold. Use length-2 to avoid decimal
+    // truncation (e.g. 60Hz has 16.6... ms vsync period).
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod(scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold /
+                                         (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 2));
+    setupEventThread(vsyncPeriod);
+
+    // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
+    mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
+
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
+
+    // Use the received callback to signal a vsync event.
+    // The throttler should receive the event, as well as the connection.
+    nsecs_t expectedTimestamp = 123;
+    onVSyncEvent(expectedTimestamp, 456, 789);
+
+    auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
+                                  << expectedTimestamp;
+    const VsyncEventData vsyncEventData = std::get<0>(args.value()).vsync.vsyncData;
+    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData, vsyncPeriod);
+}
+
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, getLatestVsyncEventData) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
     const nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime = now + 20000000;
     const nsecs_t preferredDeadline = preferredExpectedPresentationTime - kReadyDuration.count();
@@ -420,9 +469,10 @@
     // Check EventThread immediately requested a resync.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mResyncCallRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 
+    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData, VSYNC_PERIOD);
     EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp, now)
             << "Deadline timestamp should be greater than frame time";
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         auto prediction =
                 mTokenManager->getPredictionsForToken(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         EXPECT_TRUE(prediction.has_value());
@@ -458,6 +508,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateZeroPostsNoVSyncEventsToThatConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Create a first connection, register it, and request a vsync rate of zero.
     ConnectionEventRecorder firstConnectionEventRecorder{0};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> firstConnection = createConnection(firstConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -485,6 +537,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateOnePostsAllEventsToThatConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
@@ -508,6 +562,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateTwoPostsEveryOtherEventToThatConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setVsyncRate(2, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
@@ -534,6 +590,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfInstanceDestroyed) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
@@ -551,6 +609,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfEventDeliveryError) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{NO_MEMORY};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, errorConnection);
@@ -575,6 +635,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, tracksEventConnections) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     EXPECT_EQ(2, mThread->getEventThreadConnectionCount());
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{NO_MEMORY};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -598,6 +660,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, eventsDroppedIfNonfatalEventDeliveryError) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{WOULD_BLOCK};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, errorConnection);
@@ -622,31 +686,43 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setPhaseOffsetForwardsToVSyncSource) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setDuration(321ns, 456ns);
     expectVSyncSetDurationCallReceived(321ns, 456ns);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugInternalDisconnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugInternalConnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugExternalDisconnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugExternalConnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedPrimary) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(7))
@@ -659,6 +735,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedExternal) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(5))
@@ -671,6 +749,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedPrimary64bit) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(DISPLAY_ID_64BIT)
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(7))
@@ -682,6 +762,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, suppressConfigChanged) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     ConnectionEventRecorder suppressConnectionEventRecorder{0};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> suppressConnection =
             createConnection(suppressConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -701,6 +783,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postUidFrameRateMapping) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides = {
             {.uid = 1, .frameRateHz = 20},
             {.uid = 3, .frameRateHz = 40},
@@ -712,6 +796,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, suppressUidFrameRateMapping) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides = {
             {.uid = 1, .frameRateHz = 20},
             {.uid = 3, .frameRateHz = 40},
@@ -730,6 +816,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncWithThrottleVsyncDoesntPostVSync) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the throttled connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mThrottledConnection);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
index 88d39db..e4f49e8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
@@ -466,7 +466,8 @@
 
     updateBackgroundColor(1, 0.5);
     UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
-    auto bgLayerId = LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(1);
+    auto hierarchy = hierarchyBuilder.getPartialHierarchy(1, /*childrenOnly=*/true);
+    auto bgLayerId = hierarchy.mChildren.front().first->getLayer()->id;
     std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1,   bgLayerId, 11,   111, 12,
                                                    121, 122,       1221, 13,  2};
     EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
index 14b8e4b..97ef5a2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@
 class ExpectLayerLifecycleListener : public LayerLifecycleManager::ILifecycleListener {
 public:
     void onLayerAdded(const RequestedLayerState& layer) override {
-        mActualLayersAdded.emplace(layer.id);
+        mActualLayersAdded.push_back(layer.id);
     };
     void onLayerDestroyed(const RequestedLayerState& layer) override {
         mActualLayersDestroyed.emplace(layer.id);
     };
 
-    void expectLayersAdded(const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& expectedLayersAdded) {
+    void expectLayersAdded(const std::vector<uint32_t>& expectedLayersAdded) {
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedLayersAdded, mActualLayersAdded);
         mActualLayersAdded.clear();
     }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
         mActualLayersDestroyed.clear();
     }
 
-    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mActualLayersAdded;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> mActualLayersAdded;
     std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mActualLayersDestroyed;
 };
 
@@ -318,7 +318,8 @@
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    auto bgLayerId = LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(listener->mActualLayersAdded.size(), 2u);
+    auto bgLayerId = listener->mActualLayersAdded[1];
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, bgLayerId});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
     EXPECT_EQ(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, bgLayerId)->color.a, 0.5_hf);
@@ -352,7 +353,8 @@
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    auto bgLayerId = LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(listener->mActualLayersAdded.size(), 2u);
+    auto bgLayerId = listener->mActualLayersAdded[1];
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, bgLayerId});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({bgLayerId});
 }
@@ -381,7 +383,8 @@
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
     lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    auto bgLayerId = LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(listener->mActualLayersAdded.size(), 2u);
+    auto bgLayerId = listener->mActualLayersAdded[1];
     listener->expectLayersAdded({1, bgLayerId});
     listener->expectLayersDestroyed({1, bgLayerId});
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 0c43831..965e378 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -359,7 +359,8 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedChoices, actualChoices);
     }
     {
-        // This display does not support 120 Hz, so we should choose 60 Hz despite the touch signal.
+        // The kDisplayId3 does not support 120Hz, The pacesetter display rate is chosen to be 120
+        // Hz. In this case only the display kDisplayId3 choose 60Hz as it does not support 120Hz.
         mScheduler
                 ->registerDisplay(kDisplayId3,
                                   std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay3Modes,
@@ -371,6 +372,26 @@
 
         expectedChoices = ftl::init::map<
                 const PhysicalDisplayId&,
+                DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kDisplay1Mode120},
+                                   globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
+                                                  FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kDisplay2Mode120},
+                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId3,
+                                                                 FrameRateMode{60_Hz,
+                                                                               kDisplay3Mode60},
+                                                                 globalSignals);
+
+        const auto actualChoices = mScheduler->chooseDisplayModes();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedChoices, actualChoices);
+    }
+    {
+        // We should choose 60Hz despite the touch signal as pacesetter only supports 60Hz
+        mScheduler->setPacesetterDisplay(kDisplayId3);
+        const GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.touch = true};
+        mScheduler->replaceTouchTimer(10);
+        mScheduler->setTouchStateAndIdleTimerPolicy(globalSignals);
+
+        expectedChoices = ftl::init::map<
+                const PhysicalDisplayId&,
                 DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay1Mode60},
                                    globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
                                                   FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay2Mode60},
@@ -384,23 +405,4 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(SchedulerTest, changingPacesetterChangesVsyncSchedule) {
-    // Add a second display so we can change the pacesetter.
-    mScheduler->registerDisplay(kDisplayId2,
-                                std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay2Modes,
-                                                                      kDisplay2Mode60->getId()));
-    // Ensure that the pacesetter is the one we expect.
-    mScheduler->setPacesetterDisplay(kDisplayId1);
-
-    // Switching to the other will call onNewVsyncSchedule.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onNewVsyncSchedule(mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(kDisplayId2)))
-            .Times(1);
-    mScheduler->setPacesetterDisplay(kDisplayId2);
-}
-
-TEST_F(SchedulerTest, promotingSamePacesetterDoesNotChangeVsyncSchedule) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onNewVsyncSchedule(_)).Times(0);
-    mScheduler->setPacesetterDisplay(kDisplayId1);
-}
-
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29acfaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest"
+
+#include <compositionengine/Display.h>
+#include <compositionengine/mock/DisplaySurface.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayStatInfo.h>
+#include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h"
+#include "mock/MockTimeStats.h"
+#include "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace testing;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace {
+using FakeHwcDisplayInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector;
+using FakeDisplayDeviceInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeDisplayDeviceInjector;
+
+constexpr hal::HWDisplayId HWC_DISPLAY = FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(42u);
+constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 1920;
+constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 1024;
+
+class SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override;
+
+protected:
+    TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
+    sp<DisplayDevice> mDisplay;
+    sp<compositionengine::mock::DisplaySurface> mDisplaySurface =
+            sp<compositionengine::mock::DisplaySurface>::make();
+    sp<mock::NativeWindow> mNativeWindow = sp<mock::NativeWindow>::make();
+    mock::TimeStats* mTimeStats = new mock::TimeStats();
+    Hwc2::mock::PowerAdvisor* mPowerAdvisor = nullptr;
+    Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
+};
+
+void SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest::SetUp() {
+    mFlinger.setupMockScheduler({.displayId = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID});
+    mComposer = new Hwc2::mock::Composer();
+    mPowerAdvisor = new Hwc2::mock::PowerAdvisor();
+    mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
+    mFlinger.setupTimeStats(std::shared_ptr<TimeStats>(mTimeStats));
+    mFlinger.setupComposer(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer>(mComposer));
+    mFlinger.setupPowerAdvisor(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::PowerAdvisor>(mPowerAdvisor));
+    static constexpr bool kIsPrimary = true;
+    FakeHwcDisplayInjector(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, hal::DisplayType::PHYSICAL, kIsPrimary)
+            .setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON)
+            .inject(&mFlinger, mComposer);
+    auto compostionEngineDisplayArgs =
+            compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
+                    .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                    .setPixels({DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT})
+                    .setPowerAdvisor(mPowerAdvisor)
+                    .setName("injected display")
+                    .build();
+    auto compositionDisplay =
+            compositionengine::impl::createDisplay(mFlinger.getCompositionEngine(),
+                                                   std::move(compostionEngineDisplayArgs));
+    mDisplay =
+            FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
+                                      ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal, HWC_DISPLAY, kIsPrimary)
+                    .setDisplaySurface(mDisplaySurface)
+                    .setNativeWindow(mNativeWindow)
+                    .setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON)
+                    .setRefreshRateSelector(mFlinger.scheduler()->refreshRateSelector())
+                    .skipRegisterDisplay()
+                    .inject();
+}
+
+// TODO (b/277364366): Clients should be updated to pass in the display they want.
+TEST_F(SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest, nullptrSucceeds) {
+    DisplayStatInfo info;
+    status_t status = mFlinger.getDisplayStats(nullptr, &info);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status, NO_ERROR);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest, explicitToken) {
+    DisplayStatInfo info;
+    status_t status = mFlinger.getDisplayStats(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(), &info);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status, NO_ERROR);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest, invalidToken) {
+    const String8 displayName("fakeDisplay");
+    sp<IBinder> displayToken = mFlinger.createDisplay(displayName, false);
+    DisplayStatInfo info;
+    status_t status = mFlinger.getDisplayStats(displayToken, &info);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status, NAME_NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index f1a5fc4..3b6a987 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -65,10 +65,6 @@
 
     auto refreshRateSelector() { return pacesetterSelectorPtr(); }
 
-    const auto& refreshRateSelectors() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        return mRefreshRateSelectors;
-    }
-
     void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
         registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr),
                         std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index cfa366f..a189c00 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@
 #include "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.h"
 
 namespace android {
+
+struct DisplayStatInfo;
+
 namespace renderengine {
 
 class RenderEngine;
@@ -545,6 +548,10 @@
         return sp<DisplayDevice>::make(creationArgs);
     }
 
+    status_t getDisplayStats(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, DisplayStatInfo* outInfo) {
+        return mFlinger->getDisplayStats(displayToken, outInfo);
+    }
+
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Read-only access to private data to assert post-conditions.
      */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index 03c4e71..dbb7c6c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -274,6 +274,34 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, ret.get());
 }
 
+class FakeExternalTexture : public renderengine::ExternalTexture {
+    const sp<GraphicBuffer> mEmptyBuffer = nullptr;
+    uint32_t mWidth;
+    uint32_t mHeight;
+    uint64_t mId;
+    PixelFormat mPixelFormat;
+    uint64_t mUsage;
+
+public:
+    FakeExternalTexture(BufferData& bufferData)
+          : mWidth(bufferData.getWidth()),
+            mHeight(bufferData.getHeight()),
+            mId(bufferData.getId()),
+            mPixelFormat(bufferData.getPixelFormat()),
+            mUsage(bufferData.getUsage()) {}
+    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& getBuffer() const { return mEmptyBuffer; }
+    bool hasSameBuffer(const renderengine::ExternalTexture& other) const override {
+        return getId() == other.getId();
+    }
+    uint32_t getWidth() const override { return mWidth; }
+    uint32_t getHeight() const override { return mHeight; }
+    uint64_t getId() const override { return mId; }
+    PixelFormat getPixelFormat() const override { return mPixelFormat; }
+    uint64_t getUsage() const override { return mUsage; }
+    void remapBuffer() override {}
+    ~FakeExternalTexture() = default;
+};
+
 class LatchUnsignaledTest : public TransactionApplicationTest {
 public:
     void TearDown() override {
@@ -346,7 +374,11 @@
             std::vector<ResolvedComposerState> resolvedStates;
             resolvedStates.reserve(transaction.states.size());
             for (auto& state : transaction.states) {
-                resolvedStates.emplace_back(std::move(state));
+                ResolvedComposerState resolvedState;
+                resolvedState.state = std::move(state.state);
+                resolvedState.externalTexture =
+                        std::make_shared<FakeExternalTexture>(*resolvedState.state.bufferData);
+                resolvedStates.emplace_back(resolvedState);
             }
 
             TransactionState transactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, resolvedStates,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b3861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
+
+using namespace testing;
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+class VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest : public Test {
+protected:
+    VSyncDispatch::Callback mCallback = [](nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t) {};
+
+    std::shared_ptr<mock::VSyncDispatch> mVsyncDispatch = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>();
+    VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mCallbackToken{7};
+    std::string mCallbackName = "callback";
+
+    std::shared_ptr<mock::VSyncDispatch> mVsyncDispatch2 = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>();
+    VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mCallbackToken2{42};
+    std::string mCallbackName2 = "callback2";
+
+    void assertDispatch(const VSyncCallbackRegistration& registration,
+                        std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> dispatch) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(registration.mDispatch, dispatch);
+    }
+
+    void assertToken(const VSyncCallbackRegistration& registration,
+                     const std::optional<VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken>& token) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(registration.mToken, token);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, unregistersCallbackOnDestruction) {
+    // TODO (b/279581095): With ftl::Function, `_` can be replaced with
+    // `mCallback`, here and in other calls to `registerCallback, since the
+    // ftl version has an operator==, unlike std::function.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+            .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, unregistersCallbackOnPointerMove) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName2))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken2));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken2)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+    }
+
+    auto registration =
+            std::make_unique<VSyncCallbackRegistration>(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+
+    auto registration2 =
+            std::make_unique<VSyncCallbackRegistration>(mVsyncDispatch2, mCallback, mCallbackName2);
+
+    registration2 = std::move(registration);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(*registration2.get(), mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(*registration2.get(), mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, unregistersCallbackOnMoveOperator) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName2))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken2));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken2)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+    }
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration2(mVsyncDispatch2, mCallback, mCallbackName2);
+
+    registration2 = std::move(registration);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, std::nullopt));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration2, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration2, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, moveConstructor) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+            .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration2(std::move(registration));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, std::nullopt));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration2, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration2, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, moveOperatorEqualsSelf) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+            .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+
+    // Use a reference so the compiler doesn't realize that registration is
+    // being moved to itself.
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration& registrationRef = registration;
+    registration = std::move(registrationRef);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
index 5dc3490..d3fb9fc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
                  std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability>());
     MOCK_METHOD0(dumpDebugInfo, std::string());
     MOCK_METHOD1(registerCallback, void(HWC2::ComposerCallback&));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(resetCommands, void(Display));
     MOCK_METHOD1(executeCommands, Error(Display));
     MOCK_METHOD0(getMaxVirtualDisplayCount, uint32_t());
     MOCK_METHOD4(createVirtualDisplay, Error(uint32_t, uint32_t, PixelFormat*, Display*));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
index 0d94f4c..50e07fc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getType, const char*());
     MOCK_METHOD0(getFrameSelectionPriority, int32_t());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(isVisible, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(createClone, sp<Layer>());
+    MOCK_METHOD1(createClone, sp<Layer>(uint32_t));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getFrameRateForLayerTree, FrameRate());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getDefaultFrameRateCompatibility,
                        scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility());
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/benchmarks/VibratorHalControllerBenchmarks.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/benchmarks/VibratorHalControllerBenchmarks.cpp
index 53f3daf..971a0b9 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/benchmarks/VibratorHalControllerBenchmarks.cpp
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/benchmarks/VibratorHalControllerBenchmarks.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalControllerBenchmarks"
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalControllerBenchmarks"
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 #include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h>
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    auto duration = 6000s;
+    auto duration = 60s;
     auto callback = []() {};
     auto amplitude = 1.0f;
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index 922a44f..5965953 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -227,6 +227,10 @@
     android::sp<ANativeWindow> window;
     VkSwapchainKHR swapchain_handle;
     uint64_t consumer_usage;
+
+    // Indicate whether this surface has been used by a swapchain, no matter the
+    // swapchain is still current or has been destroyed.
+    bool used_by_swapchain;
 };
 
 VkSurfaceKHR HandleFromSurface(Surface* surface) {
@@ -601,6 +605,7 @@
 
     surface->window = pCreateInfo->window;
     surface->swapchain_handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    surface->used_by_swapchain = false;
     int err = native_window_get_consumer_usage(surface->window.get(),
                                                &surface->consumer_usage);
     if (err != android::OK) {
@@ -1394,14 +1399,20 @@
     // orphans the previous buffers, getting us back to the state where we can
     // dequeue all buffers.
     //
+    // This is not necessary if the surface was never used previously.
+    //
     // TODO(http://b/134186185) recycle swapchain images more efficiently
     ANativeWindow* window = surface.window.get();
-    err = native_window_api_disconnect(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL);
-    ALOGW_IF(err != android::OK, "native_window_api_disconnect failed: %s (%d)",
-             strerror(-err), err);
-    err = native_window_api_connect(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL);
-    ALOGW_IF(err != android::OK, "native_window_api_connect failed: %s (%d)",
-             strerror(-err), err);
+    if (surface.used_by_swapchain) {
+        err = native_window_api_disconnect(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL);
+        ALOGW_IF(err != android::OK,
+                 "native_window_api_disconnect failed: %s (%d)", strerror(-err),
+                 err);
+        err = native_window_api_connect(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL);
+        ALOGW_IF(err != android::OK,
+                 "native_window_api_connect failed: %s (%d)", strerror(-err),
+                 err);
+    }
 
     err =
         window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_DEQUEUE_TIMEOUT, nsecs_t{-1});
@@ -1787,6 +1798,7 @@
     android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().setTargetStats(
         android::GpuStatsInfo::Stats::CREATED_VULKAN_SWAPCHAIN);
 
+    surface.used_by_swapchain = true;
     surface.swapchain_handle = HandleFromSwapchain(swapchain);
     *swapchain_handle = surface.swapchain_handle;
     return VK_SUCCESS;