diff --git a/libs/binder/Binder.cpp b/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
index 26f29f8..0dd7622 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,17 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+IBinder::IBinder()
+    : RefBase()
+{
+}
+
+IBinder::~IBinder()
+{
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 sp<IInterface>  IBinder::queryLocalInterface(const String16& descriptor)
 {
     return NULL;
@@ -58,6 +69,8 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+String16 BBinder::sEmptyDescriptor;
+
 BBinder::BBinder()
     : mExtras(NULL)
 {
@@ -73,10 +86,10 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-String16 BBinder::getInterfaceDescriptor() const
+const String16& BBinder::getInterfaceDescriptor() const
 {
     LOGW("reached BBinder::getInterfaceDescriptor (this=%p)", this);
-    return String16();
+    return sEmptyDescriptor;
 }
 
 status_t BBinder::transact(
diff --git a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
index 56bf413..5de87ec 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
@@ -98,16 +98,33 @@
     IPCThreadState::self()->incWeakHandle(handle);
 }
 
-String16 BpBinder::getInterfaceDescriptor() const
+bool BpBinder::isDescriptorCached() const {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    return mDescriptorCache.size() ? true : false;
+}
+
+const String16& BpBinder::getInterfaceDescriptor() const
 {
-    String16 res;
-    Parcel send, reply;
-    status_t err = const_cast<BpBinder*>(this)->transact(
-            INTERFACE_TRANSACTION, send, &reply);
-    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
-        res = reply.readString16();
+    if (isDescriptorCached() == false) {
+        Parcel send, reply;
+        // do the IPC without a lock held.
+        status_t err = const_cast<BpBinder*>(this)->transact(
+                INTERFACE_TRANSACTION, send, &reply);
+        if (err == NO_ERROR) {
+            String16 res(reply.readString16());
+            Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+            // mDescriptorCache could have been assigned while the lock was
+            // released.
+            if (mDescriptorCache.size() == 0)
+                mDescriptorCache = res;
+        }
     }
-    return res;
+    
+    // we're returning a reference to a non-static object here. Usually this
+    // is not something smart to do, however, with binder objects it is 
+    // (usually) safe because they are reference-counted.
+    
+    return mDescriptorCache;
 }
 
 bool BpBinder::isBinderAlive() const
diff --git a/libs/binder/IInterface.cpp b/libs/binder/IInterface.cpp
index 9f1192f..29acf5d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IInterface.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IInterface.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+IInterface::IInterface() 
+    : RefBase() {
+}
+
+IInterface::~IInterface() {
+}
+
 sp<IBinder> IInterface::asBinder()
 {
     return this ? onAsBinder() : NULL;
diff --git a/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp b/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp
index 13d67c0..6c1d225 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp
@@ -205,11 +205,11 @@
 
 IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(Memory, "android.utils.IMemory");
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
+BnMemory::BnMemory() {
+}
+
+BnMemory::~BnMemory() { 
+}
 
 status_t BnMemory::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
@@ -299,11 +299,11 @@
         ssize_t size = reply.readInt32();
         uint32_t flags = reply.readInt32();
 
-        LOGE_IF(err, "binder=%p transaction failed fd=%d, size=%d, err=%d (%s)",
+        LOGE_IF(err, "binder=%p transaction failed fd=%d, size=%ld, err=%d (%s)",
                 asBinder().get(), parcel_fd, size, err, strerror(-err));
 
         int fd = dup( parcel_fd );
-        LOGE_IF(fd==-1, "cannot dup fd=%d, size=%d, err=%d (%s)",
+        LOGE_IF(fd==-1, "cannot dup fd=%d, size=%ld, err=%d (%s)",
                 parcel_fd, size, err, strerror(errno));
 
         int access = PROT_READ;
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
             mRealHeap = true;
             mBase = mmap(0, size, access, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
             if (mBase == MAP_FAILED) {
-                LOGE("cannot map BpMemoryHeap (binder=%p), size=%d, fd=%d (%s)",
+                LOGE("cannot map BpMemoryHeap (binder=%p), size=%ld, fd=%d (%s)",
                         asBinder().get(), size, fd, strerror(errno));
                 close(fd);
             } else {
@@ -357,8 +357,14 @@
 
 IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(MemoryHeap, "android.utils.IMemoryHeap");
 
+BnMemoryHeap::BnMemoryHeap() { 
+}
+
+BnMemoryHeap::~BnMemoryHeap() { 
+}
+
 status_t BnMemoryHeap::onTransact(
-    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
+        uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
     switch(code) {
        case HEAP_ID: {
diff --git a/libs/binder/IPermissionController.cpp b/libs/binder/IPermissionController.cpp
index a61debf..bff4c9b 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IPermissionController.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IPermissionController.cpp
@@ -55,12 +55,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnPermissionController::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp b/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
index 2f265b8..88774e7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
@@ -178,12 +178,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnServiceManager::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/binder/MemoryDealer.cpp b/libs/binder/MemoryDealer.cpp
index fd6ab7a..d5ffe7f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/MemoryDealer.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/MemoryDealer.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,15 @@
 #include <sys/file.h>
 
 namespace android {
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+HeapInterface::HeapInterface() { }
+HeapInterface::~HeapInterface() { }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AllocatorInterface::AllocatorInterface() { }
+AllocatorInterface::~AllocatorInterface() { }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -107,7 +115,7 @@
         if (new_memory != 0) {
             memory = new Allocation(this, offset, size, new_memory);
         } else {
-            LOGE("couldn't map [%8x, %d]", offset, size);
+            LOGE("couldn't map [%8lx, %u]", offset, size);
             if (size) {
                 /* NOTE: it's VERY important to not free allocations of size 0
                  * because they're special as they don't have any record in the 
@@ -339,6 +347,10 @@
         
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+SharedHeap::SharedHeap() 
+    : HeapInterface(), MemoryHeapBase() 
+{ 
+}
 
 SharedHeap::SharedHeap(size_t size, uint32_t flags, char const * name)
     : MemoryHeapBase(size, flags, name)
diff --git a/libs/binder/MemoryHeapPmem.cpp b/libs/binder/MemoryHeapPmem.cpp
index 599c9ae..3806a42 100644
--- a/libs/binder/MemoryHeapPmem.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/MemoryHeapPmem.cpp
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
     // promote() it.
     
 #if HAVE_ANDROID_OS
-    if (mSize != NULL) {
+    if (mSize != 0) {
         const sp<MemoryHeapPmem>& heap(getHeap());
         int our_fd = heap->heapID();
         struct pmem_region sub;
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index 3747de6..f40e4bd 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -441,9 +441,14 @@
     return writeString16(interface);
 }
 
+bool Parcel::checkInterface(IBinder* binder) const
+{
+    return enforceInterface(binder->getInterfaceDescriptor()); 
+}
+
 bool Parcel::enforceInterface(const String16& interface) const
 {
-    String16 str = readString16();
+    const String16 str(readString16());
     if (str == interface) {
         return true;
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/ui/ICamera.cpp b/libs/ui/ICamera.cpp
index cbe8798..805c2ca 100644
--- a/libs/ui/ICamera.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/ICamera.cpp
@@ -221,12 +221,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnCamera::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/ui/ICameraClient.cpp b/libs/ui/ICameraClient.cpp
index c6cf75c..a88fd48 100644
--- a/libs/ui/ICameraClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/ICameraClient.cpp
@@ -66,12 +66,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnCameraClient::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/ui/ICameraService.cpp b/libs/ui/ICameraService.cpp
index 1adb4aa..84986c6 100644
--- a/libs/ui/ICameraService.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/ICameraService.cpp
@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnCameraService::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/ui/IOverlay.cpp b/libs/ui/IOverlay.cpp
index a20b36c..65e6b4f 100644
--- a/libs/ui/IOverlay.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/IOverlay.cpp
@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnOverlay::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/ui/ISurface.cpp b/libs/ui/ISurface.cpp
index a71cf20..1e60557 100644
--- a/libs/ui/ISurface.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/ISurface.cpp
@@ -112,12 +112,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnSurface::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/ui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp b/libs/ui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
index 4b7f3a2..5f558a1 100644
--- a/libs/ui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
@@ -156,62 +156,61 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnSurfaceComposer::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
-    status_t err = BnInterface<ISurfaceComposer>::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    if (err == NO_ERROR)
-        return err;
-
-    CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
-
     switch(code) {
         case CREATE_CONNECTION: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             sp<IBinder> b = createConnection()->asBinder();
             reply->writeStrongBinder(b);
         } break;
         case OPEN_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             openGlobalTransaction();
         } break;
         case CLOSE_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             closeGlobalTransaction();
         } break;
         case SET_ORIENTATION: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             DisplayID dpy = data.readInt32();
             int orientation = data.readInt32();
             uint32_t flags = data.readInt32();
             reply->writeInt32( setOrientation(dpy, orientation, flags) );
         } break;
         case FREEZE_DISPLAY: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             DisplayID dpy = data.readInt32();
             uint32_t flags = data.readInt32();
             reply->writeInt32( freezeDisplay(dpy, flags) );
         } break;
         case UNFREEZE_DISPLAY: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             DisplayID dpy = data.readInt32();
             uint32_t flags = data.readInt32();
             reply->writeInt32( unfreezeDisplay(dpy, flags) );
         } break;
         case BOOT_FINISHED: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             bootFinished();
         } break;
         case REVOKE_GPU: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             reply->writeInt32( revokeGPU() );
         } break;
         case SIGNAL: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             signal();
         } break;
         case GET_CBLK: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             sp<IBinder> b = getCblk()->asBinder();
             reply->writeStrongBinder(b);
         } break;
         case REQUEST_GPU: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             // TODO: this should be protected by a permission
             gpu_info_t info;
             sp<IGPUCallback> callback
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@
             reply->writeInt32(res);
         } break;
         default:
-            return UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
+            return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
diff --git a/libs/ui/ISurfaceFlingerClient.cpp b/libs/ui/ISurfaceFlingerClient.cpp
index a93ae67..329bd6e 100644
--- a/libs/ui/ISurfaceFlingerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/ISurfaceFlingerClient.cpp
@@ -118,12 +118,6 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define CHECK_INTERFACE(interface, data, reply) \
-        do { if (!data.enforceInterface(interface::getInterfaceDescriptor())) { \
-            LOGW("Call incorrectly routed to " #interface); \
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED; \
-        } } while (0)
-
 status_t BnSurfaceFlingerClient::onTransact(
     uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
 {
diff --git a/libs/utils/CallStack.cpp b/libs/utils/CallStack.cpp
index 2fdaa71..55b6024 100644
--- a/libs/utils/CallStack.cpp
+++ b/libs/utils/CallStack.cpp
@@ -311,7 +311,8 @@
     } else { 
         void const* start = 0;
         name = MapInfo::mapAddressToName(ip, "<unknown>", &start);
-        snprintf(tmp, 256, "pc %08lx  %s", uintptr_t(ip)-uintptr_t(start), name);
+        snprintf(tmp, 256, "pc %08lx  %s", 
+                long(uintptr_t(ip)-uintptr_t(start)), name);
         res.append(tmp);
     }
     res.append("\n");
diff --git a/libs/utils/TextOutput.cpp b/libs/utils/TextOutput.cpp
index cebee99..e04823d 100644
--- a/libs/utils/TextOutput.cpp
+++ b/libs/utils/TextOutput.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,17 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+namespace android {
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace android {
+TextOutput::TextOutput() { 
+}
+
+TextOutput::~TextOutput() { 
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TextOutput& operator<<(TextOutput& to, bool val)
 {