diff --git a/include/input/CoordinateFilter.h b/include/input/CoordinateFilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f36472d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/input/CoordinateFilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include <input/Input.h>
+#include <input/OneEuroFilter.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * Pair of OneEuroFilters that independently filter X and Y coordinates. Both filters share the same
+ * constructor's parameters. The minimum cutoff frequency is the base cutoff frequency, that is, the
+ * resulting cutoff frequency in the absence of signal's speed. Likewise, beta is a scaling factor
+ * of the signal's speed that sets how much the signal's speed contributes to the resulting cutoff
+ * frequency. The adaptive cutoff frequency criterion is f_c = f_c_min + β|̇x_filtered|
+ */
+class CoordinateFilter {
+public:
+    explicit CoordinateFilter(float minCutoffFreq, float beta);
+
+    /**
+     * Filters in place only the AXIS_X and AXIS_Y fields from coords. Each call to filter must
+     * provide a timestamp strictly greater than the timestamp of the previous call. The first time
+     * this method is invoked no filtering takes place. Subsequent calls do overwrite `coords` with
+     * filtered data.
+     *
+     * @param timestamp The timestamps at which to filter. It must be greater than the one passed in
+     * the previous call.
+     * @param coords Coordinates to be overwritten by the corresponding filtered coordinates.
+     */
+    void filter(std::chrono::duration<float> timestamp, PointerCoords& coords);
+
+private:
+    OneEuroFilter mXFilter;
+    OneEuroFilter mYFilter;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/input/OneEuroFilter.h b/include/input/OneEuroFilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0168e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/input/OneEuroFilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include <input/Input.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * Low pass filter with adaptive low pass frequency based on the signal's speed. The signal's cutoff
+ * frequency is determined by f_c = f_c_min + β|̇x_filtered|. Refer to
+ * https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2207676.2208639 for details on how the filter works and how to
+ * tune it.
+ */
+class OneEuroFilter {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Default cutoff frequency of the filtered signal's speed. 1.0 Hz is the value in the filter's
+     * paper.
+     */
+    static constexpr float kDefaultSpeedCutoffFreq = 1.0;
+
+    OneEuroFilter() = delete;
+
+    explicit OneEuroFilter(float minCutoffFreq, float beta,
+                           float speedCutoffFreq = kDefaultSpeedCutoffFreq);
+
+    OneEuroFilter(const OneEuroFilter&) = delete;
+    OneEuroFilter& operator=(const OneEuroFilter&) = delete;
+    OneEuroFilter(OneEuroFilter&&) = delete;
+    OneEuroFilter& operator=(OneEuroFilter&&) = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the filtered value of rawPosition. Each call to filter must provide a timestamp
+     * strictly greater than the timestamp of the previous call. The first time the method is
+     * called, it returns the value of rawPosition. Any subsequent calls provide a filtered value.
+     *
+     * @param timestamp The timestamp at which to filter. It must be strictly greater than the one
+     * provided in the previous call.
+     * @param rawPosition Position to be filtered.
+     */
+    float filter(std::chrono::duration<float> timestamp, float rawPosition);
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * Minimum cutoff frequency. This is the constant term in the adaptive cutoff frequency
+     * criterion. Units are Hertz.
+     */
+    const float mMinCutoffFreq;
+
+    /**
+     * Slope of the cutoff frequency criterion. This is the term scaling the absolute value of the
+     * filtered signal's speed. The data member is dimensionless, that is, it does not have units.
+     */
+    const float mBeta;
+
+    /**
+     * Cutoff frequency of the signal's speed. This is the cutoff frequency applied to the filtering
+     * of the signal's speed. Units are Hertz.
+     */
+    const float mSpeedCutoffFreq;
+
+    /**
+     * The timestamp from the previous call. Units are seconds.
+     */
+    std::optional<std::chrono::duration<float>> mPrevTimestamp;
+
+    /**
+     * The raw position from the previous call.
+     */
+    std::optional<float> mPrevRawPosition;
+
+    /**
+     * The filtered velocity from the previous call. Units are position per second.
+     */
+    std::optional<float> mPrevFilteredVelocity;
+
+    /**
+     * The filtered position from the previous call.
+     */
+    std::optional<float> mPrevFilteredPosition;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/include/input/Resampler.h b/include/input/Resampler.h
index 6d95ca7..1550977 100644
--- a/include/input/Resampler.h
+++ b/include/input/Resampler.h
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <iterator>
+#include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <ftl/mixins.h>
+#include <input/CoordinateFilter.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 #include <input/RingBuffer.h>
@@ -293,4 +295,43 @@
     inline static void addSampleToMotionEvent(const Sample& sample, MotionEvent& motionEvent);
 };
 
+/**
+ * Resampler that first applies the LegacyResampler resampling algorithm, then independently filters
+ * the X and Y coordinates with a pair of One Euro filters.
+ */
+class FilteredLegacyResampler final : public Resampler {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Creates a resampler, using the given minCutoffFreq and beta to instantiate its One Euro
+     * filters.
+     */
+    explicit FilteredLegacyResampler(float minCutoffFreq, float beta);
+
+    void resampleMotionEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds requestedFrameTime, MotionEvent& motionEvent,
+                             const InputMessage* futureMessage) override;
+
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds getResampleLatency() const override;
+
+private:
+    LegacyResampler mResampler;
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum cutoff frequency of the value's low pass filter. Refer to OneEuroFilter class for a
+     * more detailed explanation.
+     */
+    const float mMinCutoffFreq;
+
+    /**
+     * Scaling factor of the adaptive cutoff frequency criterion. Refer to OneEuroFilter class for a
+     * more detailed explanation.
+     */
+    const float mBeta;
+
+    /*
+     * Note: an associative array with constant insertion and lookup times would be more efficient.
+     * When this was implemented, there was no container with these properties.
+     */
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, CoordinateFilter> mFilteredPointers;
+};
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
index 125cfaf..35c40ab 100644
--- a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
@@ -21,59 +21,135 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace battery {
 
+Uint64ArrayRW::Uint64ArrayRW(const Uint64Array &copy) : Uint64Array(copy.size()) {
+    if (mSize != 0 && copy.data() != nullptr) {
+        mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+        memcpy(mData, copy.data(), mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+    } else {
+        mData = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t *Uint64ArrayRW::dataRW() {
+    if (mData == nullptr) {
+        mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+        memset(mData, 0, mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+    }
+    return mData;
+}
+
+Uint64ArrayRW &Uint64ArrayRW::operator=(const Uint64Array &t) {
+    if (t.size() != mSize) {
+        delete[] mData;
+        mSize = t.size();
+        mData = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (mSize != 0) {
+        if (t.data() != nullptr) {
+            mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+            memcpy(mData, t.data(), mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+        } else {
+            mData = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Uint64Array &v) {
+    os << "{";
+    const uint64_t *data = v.data();
+    if (data != nullptr) {
+        bool first = true;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+            if (!first) {
+                os << ", ";
+            }
+            os << data[i];
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+    os << "}";
+    return os;
+}
+
+// Convenience constructor for tests
+Uint64ArrayRW::Uint64ArrayRW(std::initializer_list<uint64_t> init) : Uint64Array(init.size()) {
+    mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+    memcpy(mData, init.begin(), mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+// Used in tests only.
+bool Uint64Array::operator==(const Uint64Array &other) const {
+    if (size() != other.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const uint64_t* thisData = data();
+    const uint64_t* thatData = other.data();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mSize; i++) {
+        const uint64_t v1 = thisData != nullptr ? thisData[i] : 0;
+        const uint64_t v2 = thatData != nullptr ? thatData[i] : 0;
+        if (v1 != v2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 template <>
-bool LongArrayMultiStateCounter::delta(const std::vector<uint64_t>& previousValue,
-                                       const std::vector<uint64_t>& newValue,
-                                       std::vector<uint64_t>* outValue) const {
+void LongArrayMultiStateCounter::add(Uint64ArrayRW *value1, const Uint64Array &value2,
+                                     const uint64_t numerator, const uint64_t denominator) const {
+    const uint64_t* data2 = value2.data();
+    if (data2 == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t* data1 = value1->dataRW();
+    size_t size = value2.size();
+    if (numerator != denominator) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            // The caller ensures that denominator != 0
+            data1[i] += data2[i] * numerator / denominator;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            data1[i] += data2[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<>
+bool LongArrayMultiStateCounter::delta(const Uint64ArrayRW &previousValue,
+                                       const Uint64Array &newValue, Uint64ArrayRW *outValue) const {
     size_t size = previousValue.size();
     if (newValue.size() != size) {
-        ALOGE("Incorrect array size: %d, should be %d", (int)newValue.size(), (int)size);
+        ALOGE("Incorrect array size: %d, should be %d", (int) newValue.size(), (int) size);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (outValue->size() != size) {
+        ALOGE("Incorrect outValue size: %d, should be %d", (int) outValue->size(), (int) size);
         return false;
     }
 
     bool is_delta_valid = true;
-    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        if (newValue[i] >= previousValue[i]) {
-            (*outValue)[i] = newValue[i] - previousValue[i];
-        } else {
-            (*outValue)[i] = 0;
+    const uint64_t *prevData = previousValue.data();
+    const uint64_t *newData = newValue.data();
+    uint64_t *outData = outValue->dataRW();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (prevData == nullptr) {
+            if (newData == nullptr) {
+                outData[i] = 0;
+            } else {
+                outData[i] = newData[i];
+            }
+        } else if (newData == nullptr || newData[i] < prevData[i]) {
+            outData[i] = 0;
             is_delta_valid = false;
+        } else {
+            outData[i] = newData[i] - prevData[i];
         }
     }
     return is_delta_valid;
 }
 
-template <>
-void LongArrayMultiStateCounter::add(std::vector<uint64_t>* value1,
-                                     const std::vector<uint64_t>& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
-                                     const uint64_t denominator) const {
-    if (numerator != denominator) {
-        for (int i = value2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            // The caller ensures that denominator != 0
-            (*value1)[i] += value2[i] * numerator / denominator;
-        }
-    } else {
-        for (int i = value2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            (*value1)[i] += value2[i];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-std::string LongArrayMultiStateCounter::valueToString(const std::vector<uint64_t>& v) const {
-    std::stringstream s;
-    s << "{";
-    bool first = true;
-    for (uint64_t n : v) {
-        if (!first) {
-            s << ", ";
-        }
-        s << n;
-        first = false;
-    }
-    s << "}";
-    return s.str();
-}
-
 } // namespace battery
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
index f3439f6..e00c968 100644
--- a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
@@ -23,7 +23,66 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace battery {
 
-typedef MultiStateCounter<std::vector<uint64_t>> LongArrayMultiStateCounter;
+/**
+ * Wrapper for an array of uint64's.
+ */
+class Uint64Array {
+  protected:
+    size_t mSize;
+
+  public:
+    Uint64Array() : Uint64Array(0) {}
+
+    Uint64Array(size_t size) : mSize(size) {}
+
+    virtual ~Uint64Array() {}
+
+    size_t size() const { return mSize; }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the wrapped array.
+     *
+     * Nullable! Null should be interpreted the same as an array of zeros
+     */
+    virtual const uint64_t *data() const { return nullptr; }
+
+    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Uint64Array &v);
+
+    // Test API
+    bool operator==(const Uint64Array &other) const;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Mutable version of Uint64Array.
+ */
+class Uint64ArrayRW: public Uint64Array {
+    uint64_t* mData;
+
+public:
+    Uint64ArrayRW() : Uint64ArrayRW(0) {}
+
+    Uint64ArrayRW(size_t size) : Uint64Array(size), mData(nullptr) {}
+
+    Uint64ArrayRW(const Uint64Array &copy);
+
+    // Need an explicit copy constructor. In the initialization context C++ does not understand that
+    // a Uint64ArrayRW is a Uint64Array.
+    Uint64ArrayRW(const Uint64ArrayRW &copy) : Uint64ArrayRW((const Uint64Array &) copy) {}
+
+    // Test API
+    Uint64ArrayRW(std::initializer_list<uint64_t> init);
+
+    ~Uint64ArrayRW() override { delete[] mData; }
+
+    const uint64_t *data() const override { return mData; }
+
+    // NonNull. Will initialize the wrapped array if it is null.
+    uint64_t *dataRW();
+
+    Uint64ArrayRW &operator=(const Uint64Array &t);
+};
+
+typedef MultiStateCounter<Uint64ArrayRW, Uint64Array> LongArrayMultiStateCounter;
 
 } // namespace battery
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
index e4e6b2a..1c74e3f 100644
--- a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
@@ -24,25 +24,25 @@
 class LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest : public testing::Test {};
 
 TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, stateChange) {
-    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, Uint64Array(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
     testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
 
     // Time was split in half between the two states, so the counts will be split 50:50 too
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(1));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, accumulation) {
-    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, Uint64Array(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
     testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 4000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({200, 300, 400, 500}), 8000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({200, 300, 400, 500}), 8000);
 
     // The first delta is split 50:50:
     //   0: {50, 100, 150, 200}
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@
     // The second delta is split 4:1
     //   0: {80, 80, 80, 80}
     //   1: {20, 20, 20, 20}
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({130, 180, 230, 280}), testCounter.getCount(0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({70, 120, 170, 220}), testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({130, 180, 230, 280}), testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({70, 120, 170, 220}), testCounter.getCount(1));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, toString) {
-    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, Uint64Array(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
     testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
 
     EXPECT_STREQ("[0: {50, 100, 150, 200}, 1: {50, 100, 150, 200}] updated: 3000 currentState: 1",
                  testCounter.toString().c_str());
diff --git a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
index 04b7186..fadc4ff 100644
--- a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
+++ b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
 
 typedef uint16_t state_t;
 
-template <class T>
+template <class T, class V>
 class MultiStateCounter {
-    uint16_t stateCount;
+    const uint16_t stateCount;
+    const V emptyValue;
     state_t currentState;
     time_t lastStateChangeTimestamp;
-    T emptyValue;
     T lastValue;
     time_t lastUpdateTimestamp;
     T deltaValue;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     State* states;
 
 public:
-    MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const T& emptyValue);
+    MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const V& emptyValue);
 
     virtual ~MultiStateCounter();
 
@@ -66,35 +66,35 @@
      * Copies the current state and accumulated times-in-state from the source. Resets
      * the accumulated value.
      */
-    void copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T>& source);
+    void copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T, V> &source);
 
-    void setValue(state_t state, const T& value);
+    void setValue(state_t state, const V& value);
 
     /**
      * Updates the value by distributing the delta from the previously set value
      * among states according to their respective time-in-state.
      * Returns the delta from the previously set value.
      */
-    const T& updateValue(const T& value, time_t timestamp);
+    const V& updateValue(const V& value, time_t timestamp);
 
     /**
      * Updates the value by distributing the specified increment among states according
      * to their respective time-in-state.
      */
-    void incrementValue(const T& increment, time_t timestamp);
+    void incrementValue(const V& increment, time_t timestamp);
 
     /**
      * Adds the specified increment to the value for the current state, without affecting
      * the last updated value or timestamp.  Ignores partial time-in-state: the entirety of
      * the increment is given to the current state.
      */
-    void addValue(const T& increment);
+    void addValue(const V& increment);
 
     void reset();
 
     uint16_t getStateCount();
 
-    const T& getCount(state_t state);
+    const V& getCount(state_t state);
 
     std::string toString();
 
@@ -104,27 +104,25 @@
      * Returns true iff the combination of previousValue and newValue is valid
      * (newValue >= prevValue)
      */
-    bool delta(const T& previousValue, const T& newValue, T* outValue) const;
+    bool delta(const T& previousValue, const V& newValue, T* outValue) const;
 
     /**
      * Adds value2 to value1 and stores the result in value1.  Denominator is
      * guaranteed to be non-zero.
      */
-    void add(T* value1, const T& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
+    void add(T* value1, const V& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
              const uint64_t denominator) const;
-
-    std::string valueToString(const T& value) const;
 };
 
 // ---------------------- MultiStateCounter Implementation -------------------------
 // Since MultiStateCounter is a template, the implementation must be inlined.
 
-template <class T>
-MultiStateCounter<T>::MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const T& emptyValue)
+template <class T, class V>
+MultiStateCounter<T, V>::MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const V& emptyValue)
       : stateCount(stateCount),
+        emptyValue(emptyValue),
         currentState(0),
         lastStateChangeTimestamp(-1),
-        emptyValue(emptyValue),
         lastValue(emptyValue),
         lastUpdateTimestamp(-1),
         deltaValue(emptyValue),
@@ -136,13 +134,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-MultiStateCounter<T>::~MultiStateCounter() {
+template <class T, class V>
+MultiStateCounter<T, V>::~MultiStateCounter() {
     delete[] states;
 };
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::setEnabled(bool enabled, time_t timestamp) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::setEnabled(bool enabled, time_t timestamp) {
     if (enabled == isEnabled) {
         return;
     }
@@ -167,8 +165,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::setState(state_t state, time_t timestamp) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::setState(state_t state, time_t timestamp) {
     if (isEnabled && lastStateChangeTimestamp >= 0 && lastUpdateTimestamp >= 0) {
         // If the update arrived out-of-order, just push back the timestamp to
         // avoid having the situation where timeInStateSinceUpdate > timeSinceUpdate
@@ -198,8 +196,8 @@
     lastStateChangeTimestamp = timestamp;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T>& source) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T, V>& source) {
     if (stateCount != source.stateCount) {
         ALOGE("State count mismatch: %u vs. %u\n", stateCount, source.stateCount);
         return;
@@ -214,14 +212,14 @@
     lastUpdateTimestamp = source.lastUpdateTimestamp;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::setValue(state_t state, const T& value) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::setValue(state_t state, const V& value) {
     states[state].counter = value;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-const T& MultiStateCounter<T>::updateValue(const T& value, time_t timestamp) {
-    T* returnValue = &emptyValue;
+template <class T, class V>
+const V& MultiStateCounter<T, V>::updateValue(const V& value, time_t timestamp) {
+    const V* returnValue = &emptyValue;
 
     // If the counter is disabled, we ignore the update, except when the counter got disabled after
     // the previous update, in which case we still need to pick up the residual delta.
@@ -250,8 +248,8 @@
                     }
                 } else {
                     std::stringstream str;
-                    str << "updateValue is called with a value " << valueToString(value)
-                        << ", which is lower than the previous value " << valueToString(lastValue)
+                    str << "updateValue is called with a value " << value
+                        << ", which is lower than the previous value " << lastValue
                         << "\n";
                     ALOGE("%s", str.str().c_str());
 
@@ -276,23 +274,25 @@
     return *returnValue;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::incrementValue(const T& increment, time_t timestamp) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::incrementValue(const V& increment, time_t timestamp) {
+//    T newValue;
+//    newValue = lastValue; // Copy assignment, not initialization.
     T newValue = lastValue;
     add(&newValue, increment, 1 /* numerator */, 1 /* denominator */);
     updateValue(newValue, timestamp);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::addValue(const T& value) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::addValue(const V& value) {
     if (!isEnabled) {
         return;
     }
     add(&states[currentState].counter, value, 1 /* numerator */, 1 /* denominator */);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::reset() {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::reset() {
     lastStateChangeTimestamp = -1;
     lastUpdateTimestamp = -1;
     for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
@@ -301,25 +301,26 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-uint16_t MultiStateCounter<T>::getStateCount() {
+template <class T, class V>
+uint16_t MultiStateCounter<T, V>::getStateCount() {
     return stateCount;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-const T& MultiStateCounter<T>::getCount(state_t state) {
+template <class T, class V>
+const V& MultiStateCounter<T, V>::getCount(state_t state) {
     return states[state].counter;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-std::string MultiStateCounter<T>::toString() {
+template <class T, class V>
+std::string MultiStateCounter<T, V>::toString() {
     std::stringstream str;
+//    str << "LAST VALUE: " << valueToString(lastValue);
     str << "[";
     for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
         if (i != 0) {
             str << ", ";
         }
-        str << i << ": " << valueToString(states[i].counter);
+        str << i << ": " << states[i].counter;
         if (states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate > 0) {
             str << " timeInStateSinceUpdate: " << states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate;
         }
diff --git a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
index a51a38a..589b7fe 100644
--- a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace battery {
 
-typedef MultiStateCounter<double> DoubleMultiStateCounter;
+typedef MultiStateCounter<double, double> DoubleMultiStateCounter;
 
 template <>
 bool DoubleMultiStateCounter::delta(const double& previousValue, const double& newValue,
@@ -41,11 +41,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <>
-std::string DoubleMultiStateCounter::valueToString(const double& v) const {
-    return std::to_string(v);
-}
-
 class MultiStateCounterTest : public testing::Test {};
 
 TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, constructor) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 74097b8..3260c53 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
 }
 
 constexpr int64_t INVALID_VSYNC = -1;
+const constexpr char* LOG_SURFACE_CONTROL_REGISTRY = "SurfaceControlRegistry";
 
 } // namespace
 
@@ -873,6 +874,7 @@
     const bool earlyWakeupEnd = parcel->readBool();
     const int64_t desiredPresentTime = parcel->readInt64();
     const bool isAutoTimestamp = parcel->readBool();
+    const bool logCallPoints = parcel->readBool();
     FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
     frameTimelineInfo.readFromParcel(parcel);
 
@@ -1000,6 +1002,7 @@
     parcel->writeBool(mEarlyWakeupEnd);
     parcel->writeInt64(mDesiredPresentTime);
     parcel->writeBool(mIsAutoTimestamp);
+    parcel->writeBool(mLogCallPoints);
     mFrameTimelineInfo.writeToParcel(parcel);
     parcel->writeStrongBinder(mApplyToken);
     parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(mDisplayStates.size()));
@@ -1135,6 +1138,12 @@
 
     mergeFrameTimelineInfo(mFrameTimelineInfo, other.mFrameTimelineInfo);
 
+    mLogCallPoints |= other.mLogCallPoints;
+    if (mLogCallPoints) {
+        ALOG(LOG_DEBUG, LOG_SURFACE_CONTROL_REGISTRY,
+             "Transaction %" PRIu64 " merged with transaction %" PRIu64, other.getId(), mId);
+    }
+
     other.clear();
     return *this;
 }
@@ -1154,6 +1163,7 @@
     mFrameTimelineInfo = {};
     mApplyToken = nullptr;
     mMergedTransactionIds.clear();
+    mLogCallPoints = false;
 }
 
 uint64_t SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::getId() {
@@ -1362,6 +1372,10 @@
         syncCallback->wait();
     }
 
+    if (mLogCallPoints) {
+        ALOG(LOG_DEBUG, LOG_SURFACE_CONTROL_REGISTRY, "Transaction %" PRIu64 " applied", mId);
+    }
+
     mStatus = NO_ERROR;
     return binderStatus;
 }
@@ -1392,6 +1406,11 @@
     t.registerSurfaceControlForCallback(sc);
     return t.apply(/*sync=*/false, /* oneWay=*/true);
 }
+
+void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::enableDebugLogCallPoints() {
+    mLogCallPoints = true;
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 sp<IBinder> SurfaceComposerClient::createVirtualDisplay(const std::string& displayName,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index 5ea0c16..e9262b3 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -437,6 +437,8 @@
         static void mergeFrameTimelineInfo(FrameTimelineInfo& t, const FrameTimelineInfo& other);
         // Tracks registered callbacks
         sp<TransactionCompletedListener> mTransactionCompletedListener = nullptr;
+        // Prints debug logs when enabled.
+        bool mLogCallPoints = false;
 
     protected:
         std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, ComposerState, IBinderHash> mComposerStates;
@@ -809,6 +811,7 @@
         static void setDefaultApplyToken(sp<IBinder> applyToken);
 
         static status_t sendSurfaceFlushJankDataTransaction(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
+        void enableDebugLogCallPoints();
     };
 
     status_t clearLayerFrameStats(const sp<IBinder>& token) const;
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index a481d12..17630e3 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -1116,6 +1116,8 @@
  * in its parent's touchable region. The input events should be in the layer's coordinate space.
  */
 TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, uncropped_container_replaces_touchable_region_with_null_crop) {
+    std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> bgContainer =
+            InputSurface::makeContainerInputSurface(mComposerClient, 0, 0);
     std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> parentContainer =
             InputSurface::makeContainerInputSurface(mComposerClient, 0, 0);
     std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> containerSurface =
@@ -1124,6 +1126,9 @@
             [&](auto& t, auto& sc) { t.reparent(sc, parentContainer->mSurfaceControl); });
     containerSurface->mInputInfo.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop = true;
     containerSurface->mInputInfo.touchableRegionCropHandle = nullptr;
+    parentContainer->doTransaction(
+            [&](auto& t, auto& sc) { t.reparent(sc, bgContainer->mSurfaceControl); });
+    bgContainer->showAt(0, 0, Rect(0, 0, 100, 100));
     parentContainer->showAt(10, 10, Rect(0, 0, 20, 20));
     containerSurface->showAt(10, 10, Rect::INVALID_RECT);
 
diff --git a/libs/input/Android.bp b/libs/input/Android.bp
index e4e81ad..a4ae54b 100644
--- a/libs/input/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/Android.bp
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "AccelerationCurve.cpp",
+        "CoordinateFilter.cpp",
         "Input.cpp",
         "InputConsumer.cpp",
         "InputConsumerNoResampling.cpp",
@@ -230,6 +231,7 @@
         "KeyLayoutMap.cpp",
         "MotionPredictor.cpp",
         "MotionPredictorMetricsManager.cpp",
+        "OneEuroFilter.cpp",
         "PrintTools.cpp",
         "PropertyMap.cpp",
         "Resampler.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/input/CoordinateFilter.cpp b/libs/input/CoordinateFilter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d231474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/CoordinateFilter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "CoordinateFilter"
+
+#include <input/CoordinateFilter.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+CoordinateFilter::CoordinateFilter(float minCutoffFreq, float beta)
+      : mXFilter{minCutoffFreq, beta}, mYFilter{minCutoffFreq, beta} {}
+
+void CoordinateFilter::filter(std::chrono::duration<float> timestamp, PointerCoords& coords) {
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, mXFilter.filter(timestamp, coords.getX()));
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, mYFilter.filter(timestamp, coords.getY()));
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp b/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp
index 0c2c7be..2a83919 100644
--- a/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@
                                                uint32_t deviceClasses) {
     if (mRustClassifier) {
         RustInputDeviceIdentifier rustIdentifier;
-        rustIdentifier.name = identifier.name;
-        rustIdentifier.location = identifier.location;
-        rustIdentifier.unique_id = identifier.uniqueId;
+        rustIdentifier.name = rust::String::lossy(identifier.name);
+        rustIdentifier.location = rust::String::lossy(identifier.location);
+        rustIdentifier.unique_id = rust::String::lossy(identifier.uniqueId);
         rustIdentifier.bus = identifier.bus;
         rustIdentifier.vendor = identifier.vendor;
         rustIdentifier.product = identifier.product;
         rustIdentifier.version = identifier.version;
-        rustIdentifier.descriptor = identifier.descriptor;
+        rustIdentifier.descriptor = rust::String::lossy(identifier.descriptor);
         android::input::keyboardClassifier::notifyKeyboardChanged(**mRustClassifier, deviceId,
                                                                   rustIdentifier, deviceClasses);
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/input/OneEuroFilter.cpp b/libs/input/OneEuroFilter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..400d7c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/OneEuroFilter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "OneEuroFilter"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <input/CoordinateFilter.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace {
+
+inline float cutoffFreq(float minCutoffFreq, float beta, float filteredSpeed) {
+    return minCutoffFreq + beta * std::abs(filteredSpeed);
+}
+
+inline float smoothingFactor(std::chrono::duration<float> samplingPeriod, float cutoffFreq) {
+    return samplingPeriod.count() / (samplingPeriod.count() + (1.0 / (2.0 * M_PI * cutoffFreq)));
+}
+
+inline float lowPassFilter(float rawPosition, float prevFilteredPosition, float smoothingFactor) {
+    return smoothingFactor * rawPosition + (1 - smoothingFactor) * prevFilteredPosition;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+OneEuroFilter::OneEuroFilter(float minCutoffFreq, float beta, float speedCutoffFreq)
+      : mMinCutoffFreq{minCutoffFreq}, mBeta{beta}, mSpeedCutoffFreq{speedCutoffFreq} {}
+
+float OneEuroFilter::filter(std::chrono::duration<float> timestamp, float rawPosition) {
+    LOG_IF(FATAL, mPrevFilteredPosition.has_value() && (timestamp <= *mPrevTimestamp))
+            << "Timestamp must be greater than mPrevTimestamp";
+
+    const std::chrono::duration<float> samplingPeriod = (mPrevTimestamp.has_value())
+            ? (timestamp - *mPrevTimestamp)
+            : std::chrono::duration<float>{1.0};
+
+    const float rawVelocity = (mPrevFilteredPosition.has_value())
+            ? ((rawPosition - *mPrevFilteredPosition) / samplingPeriod.count())
+            : 0.0;
+
+    const float speedSmoothingFactor = smoothingFactor(samplingPeriod, mSpeedCutoffFreq);
+
+    const float filteredVelocity = (mPrevFilteredVelocity.has_value())
+            ? lowPassFilter(rawVelocity, *mPrevFilteredVelocity, speedSmoothingFactor)
+            : rawVelocity;
+
+    const float positionCutoffFreq = cutoffFreq(mMinCutoffFreq, mBeta, filteredVelocity);
+
+    const float positionSmoothingFactor = smoothingFactor(samplingPeriod, positionCutoffFreq);
+
+    const float filteredPosition = (mPrevFilteredPosition.has_value())
+            ? lowPassFilter(rawPosition, *mPrevFilteredPosition, positionSmoothingFactor)
+            : rawPosition;
+
+    mPrevTimestamp = timestamp;
+    mPrevRawPosition = rawPosition;
+    mPrevFilteredVelocity = filteredVelocity;
+    mPrevFilteredPosition = filteredPosition;
+
+    return filteredPosition;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/Resampler.cpp b/libs/input/Resampler.cpp
index 056db09..3ab132d 100644
--- a/libs/input/Resampler.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Resampler.cpp
@@ -389,4 +389,34 @@
     mLastRealSample = *(mLatestSamples.end() - 1);
 }
 
+// --- FilteredLegacyResampler ---
+
+FilteredLegacyResampler::FilteredLegacyResampler(float minCutoffFreq, float beta)
+      : mResampler{}, mMinCutoffFreq{minCutoffFreq}, mBeta{beta} {}
+
+void FilteredLegacyResampler::resampleMotionEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds requestedFrameTime,
+                                                  MotionEvent& motionEvent,
+                                                  const InputMessage* futureSample) {
+    mResampler.resampleMotionEvent(requestedFrameTime, motionEvent, futureSample);
+    const size_t numSamples = motionEvent.getHistorySize() + 1;
+    for (size_t sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < numSamples; ++sampleIndex) {
+        for (size_t pointerIndex = 0; pointerIndex < motionEvent.getPointerCount();
+             ++pointerIndex) {
+            const int32_t pointerId = motionEvent.getPointerProperties(pointerIndex)->id;
+            const nanoseconds eventTime =
+                    nanoseconds{motionEvent.getHistoricalEventTime(sampleIndex)};
+            // Refer to the static function `setMotionEventPointerCoords` for a justification of
+            // casting away const.
+            PointerCoords& pointerCoords = const_cast<PointerCoords&>(
+                    *(motionEvent.getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(pointerIndex, sampleIndex)));
+            const auto& [iter, _] = mFilteredPointers.try_emplace(pointerId, mMinCutoffFreq, mBeta);
+            iter->second.filter(eventTime, pointerCoords);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::chrono::nanoseconds FilteredLegacyResampler::getResampleLatency() const {
+    return mResampler.getResampleLatency();
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/Android.bp b/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
index 661c9f7..46e8190 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
         "InputVerifier_test.cpp",
         "MotionPredictor_test.cpp",
         "MotionPredictorMetricsManager_test.cpp",
+        "OneEuroFilter_test.cpp",
         "Resampler_test.cpp",
         "RingBuffer_test.cpp",
         "TestInputChannel.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/OneEuroFilter_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/OneEuroFilter_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..270e789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/tests/OneEuroFilter_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <input/OneEuroFilter.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <input/Input.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace {
+
+using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+using std::chrono::duration;
+
+struct Sample {
+    duration<double> timestamp{};
+    double value{};
+
+    friend bool operator<(const Sample& lhs, const Sample& rhs) { return lhs.value < rhs.value; }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generates a sinusoidal signal with the passed frequency and amplitude.
+ */
+std::vector<Sample> generateSinusoidalSignal(duration<double> signalDuration,
+                                             double samplingFrequency, double signalFrequency,
+                                             double amplitude) {
+    std::vector<Sample> signal;
+    const duration<double> samplingPeriod{1.0 / samplingFrequency};
+    for (duration<double> timestamp{0.0}; timestamp < signalDuration; timestamp += samplingPeriod) {
+        signal.push_back(
+                Sample{timestamp,
+                       amplitude * std::sin(2.0 * M_PI * signalFrequency * timestamp.count())});
+    }
+    return signal;
+}
+
+double meanAbsoluteError(const std::vector<Sample>& filteredSignal,
+                         const std::vector<Sample>& signal) {
+    if (filteredSignal.size() != signal.size()) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "filteredSignal and signal do not have equal number of samples";
+        return std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    }
+    std::vector<double> absoluteError;
+    for (size_t sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < signal.size(); ++sampleIndex) {
+        absoluteError.push_back(
+                std::abs(filteredSignal[sampleIndex].value - signal[sampleIndex].value));
+    }
+    if (absoluteError.empty()) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Zero division. absoluteError is empty";
+        return std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    }
+    return std::accumulate(absoluteError.begin(), absoluteError.end(), 0.0) / absoluteError.size();
+}
+
+double maxAbsoluteAmplitude(const std::vector<Sample>& signal) {
+    if (signal.empty()) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Max absolute value amplitude does not exist. Signal is empty";
+        return std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    }
+    std::vector<Sample> absoluteSignal;
+    for (const Sample& sample : signal) {
+        absoluteSignal.push_back(Sample{sample.timestamp, std::abs(sample.value)});
+    }
+    return std::max_element(absoluteSignal.begin(), absoluteSignal.end())->value;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+class OneEuroFilterTest : public ::testing::Test {
+protected:
+    // The constructor's parameters are the ones that Chromium's using. The tuning was based on a 60
+    // Hz sampling frequency. Refer to their one_euro_filter.h header for additional information
+    // about these parameters.
+    OneEuroFilterTest() : mFilter{/*minCutoffFreq=*/4.7, /*beta=*/0.01} {}
+
+    std::vector<Sample> filterSignal(const std::vector<Sample>& signal) {
+        std::vector<Sample> filteredSignal;
+        for (const Sample& sample : signal) {
+            filteredSignal.push_back(
+                    Sample{sample.timestamp, mFilter.filter(sample.timestamp, sample.value)});
+        }
+        return filteredSignal;
+    }
+
+    OneEuroFilter mFilter;
+};
+
+TEST_F(OneEuroFilterTest, PassLowFrequencySignal) {
+    const std::vector<Sample> signal =
+            generateSinusoidalSignal(1s, /*samplingFrequency=*/60, /*signalFrequency=*/1,
+                                     /*amplitude=*/1);
+
+    const std::vector<Sample> filteredSignal = filterSignal(signal);
+
+    // The reason behind using the mean absolute error as a metric is that, ideally, a low frequency
+    // filtered signal is expected to be almost identical to the raw one. Therefore, the error
+    // between them should be minimal. The constant is heuristically chosen.
+    EXPECT_LT(meanAbsoluteError(filteredSignal, signal), 0.25);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneEuroFilterTest, RejectHighFrequencySignal) {
+    const std::vector<Sample> signal =
+            generateSinusoidalSignal(1s, /*samplingFrequency=*/60, /*signalFrequency=*/22.5,
+                                     /*amplitude=*/1);
+
+    const std::vector<Sample> filteredSignal = filterSignal(signal);
+
+    // The filtered signal should consist of values that are much closer to zero. The comparison
+    // constant is heuristically chosen.
+    EXPECT_LT(maxAbsoluteAmplitude(filteredSignal), 0.25);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.cpp
index a3a43e2..cc73f40 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 
 #include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSemaphore.h>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <common/trace.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 
 namespace android::renderengine::skia {
 
+using base::StringAppendF;
+
 std::unique_ptr<GaneshVkRenderEngine> GaneshVkRenderEngine::create(
         const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
     std::unique_ptr<GaneshVkRenderEngine> engine(new GaneshVkRenderEngine(args));
@@ -111,4 +114,9 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+void GaneshVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) {
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE Vulkan (Ganesh)----------\n");
+    SkiaVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(result);
+}
+
 } // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.h
index e6123c2..ba17f71 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/GaneshVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> createContext(VulkanInterface& vulkanInterface) override;
     void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
     base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context, sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface) override;
+    void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
     GaneshVkRenderEngine(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) : SkiaVkRenderEngine(args) {}
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.cpp
index 390ad6e..a9332fa 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <include/gpu/graphite/Recording.h>
 #include <include/gpu/graphite/vk/VulkanGraphiteTypes.h>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@
 
 namespace android::renderengine::skia {
 
+using base::StringAppendF;
+
 std::unique_ptr<GraphiteVkRenderEngine> GraphiteVkRenderEngine::create(
         const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
     std::unique_ptr<GraphiteVkRenderEngine> engine(new GraphiteVkRenderEngine(args));
@@ -139,4 +142,9 @@
     return drawFenceFd;
 }
 
+void GraphiteVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) {
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE Vulkan (Graphite)----------\n");
+    SkiaVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(result);
+}
+
 } // namespace android::renderengine::skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.h
index cf24a3b..33a47f1 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/GraphiteVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<SkiaGpuContext> createContext(VulkanInterface& vulkanInterface) override;
     void waitFence(SkiaGpuContext* context, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
     base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(SkiaGpuContext* context, sk_sp<SkSurface> dstSurface) override;
+    void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
     GraphiteVkRenderEngine(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) : SkiaVkRenderEngine(args) {}
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index 4ef7d5b..ddae9fc 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
 
 void SkiaGLRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) {
     const GLExtensions& extensions = GLExtensions::getInstance();
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE GLES------------\n");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE GLES (Ganesh)------------\n");
     StringAppendF(&result, "EGL implementation : %s\n", extensions.getEGLVersion());
     StringAppendF(&result, "%s\n", extensions.getEGLExtensions());
     StringAppendF(&result, "GLES: %s, %s, %s\n", extensions.getVendor(), extensions.getRenderer(),
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index 677a2b6..177abe6 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -169,24 +169,26 @@
 }
 
 void SkiaVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) {
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE Vulkan----------\n");
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan device initialized: %d\n", sVulkanInterface.isInitialized());
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan protected device initialized: %d\n",
+    // Subclasses will prepend a backend-specific name / section header
+    StringAppendF(&result, "Vulkan device initialized: %d\n", sVulkanInterface.isInitialized());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "Vulkan protected device initialized: %d\n",
                   sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.isInitialized());
 
     if (!sVulkanInterface.isInitialized()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Instance extensions:\n");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "Instance extensions: [\n");
     for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.getInstanceExtensionNames()) {
-        StringAppendF(&result, "\n %s\n", name.c_str());
+        StringAppendF(&result, "  %s\n", name.c_str());
     }
+    StringAppendF(&result, "]\n");
 
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Device extensions:\n");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "Device extensions: [\n");
     for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.getDeviceExtensionNames()) {
-        StringAppendF(&result, "\n %s\n", name.c_str());
+        StringAppendF(&result, "  %s\n", name.c_str());
     }
+    StringAppendF(&result, "]\n");
 }
 
 } // namespace skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
index d2bb3d5..88b04df 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createContexts() override;
     bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
     bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
-    void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
+    virtual void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
     // TODO: b/300533018 - refactor this to be non-static
     static VulkanInterface& getVulkanInterface(bool protectedContext);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 4f9d9e4..755995c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -836,13 +836,9 @@
 }
 
 Result<void> validateWindowInfosUpdate(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update) {
-    struct HashFunction {
-        size_t operator()(const WindowInfo& info) const { return info.id; }
-    };
-
-    std::unordered_set<WindowInfo, HashFunction> windowSet;
+    std::unordered_set<int32_t> windowIds;
     for (const WindowInfo& info : update.windowInfos) {
-        const auto [_, inserted] = windowSet.insert(info);
+        const auto [_, inserted] = windowIds.insert(info.id);
         if (!inserted) {
             return Error() << "Duplicate entry for " << info;
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
index 7095b9d..8067ace 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libprocessgroup",
         "libprocessgroup_util",
-        "libcgrouprc",
         "libjsoncpp",
-        "libcgrouprc_format",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
index d709530..da536b6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,8 @@
             }
             out << "(Mirroring) ";
         }
-        out << *mLayer;
+
+        out << *mLayer << " pid=" << mLayer->ownerPid.val() << " uid=" << mLayer->ownerUid.val();
     }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mChildren.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
index 11b674b..a8be50a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@
     if (drawShadows()) reason << " shadowSettings.length=" << shadowSettings.length;
     if (backgroundBlurRadius > 0) reason << " backgroundBlurRadius=" << backgroundBlurRadius;
     if (blurRegions.size() > 0) reason << " blurRegions.size()=" << blurRegions.size();
+    if (contentDirty) reason << " contentDirty";
     return reason.str();
 }
 
@@ -359,8 +360,9 @@
                           uint32_t displayRotationFlags) {
     clientChanges = requested.what;
     changes = requested.changes;
-    contentDirty = requested.what & layer_state_t::CONTENT_DIRTY;
-    hasReadyFrame = requested.autoRefresh;
+    autoRefresh = requested.autoRefresh;
+    contentDirty = requested.what & layer_state_t::CONTENT_DIRTY || autoRefresh;
+    hasReadyFrame = autoRefresh;
     sidebandStreamHasFrame = requested.hasSidebandStreamFrame();
     updateSurfaceDamage(requested, requested.hasReadyFrame(), forceFullDamage, surfaceDamage);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
index b7d4cc5..b8df3ed 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
     gui::LayerMetadata layerMetadata;
     gui::LayerMetadata relativeLayerMetadata;
     bool hasReadyFrame; // used in post composition to check if there is another frame ready
+    bool autoRefresh;
     ui::Transform localTransformInverse;
     gui::WindowInfo inputInfo;
     ui::Transform localTransform;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
index 10e212e..7569c1b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@
 void clearChanges(LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
     snapshot.changes.clear();
     snapshot.clientChanges = 0;
-    snapshot.contentDirty = false;
-    snapshot.hasReadyFrame = false;
+    snapshot.contentDirty = snapshot.autoRefresh;
+    snapshot.hasReadyFrame = snapshot.autoRefresh;
     snapshot.sidebandStreamHasFrame = false;
     snapshot.surfaceDamage.clear();
 }
@@ -724,10 +724,12 @@
     if (args.displayChanges) snapshot.changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
     snapshot.reachablilty = LayerSnapshot::Reachablilty::Reachable;
     snapshot.clientChanges |= (parentSnapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::AFFECTS_CHILDREN);
+    // mark the content as dirty if the parent state changes can dirty the child's content (for
+    // example alpha)
+    snapshot.contentDirty |= (snapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::CONTENT_DIRTY) != 0;
     snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent = parentSnapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent ||
             parentSnapshot.invalidTransform || requested.isHiddenByPolicy() ||
             (args.excludeLayerIds.find(path.id) != args.excludeLayerIds.end());
-
     const bool forceUpdate = args.forceUpdate == ForceUpdateFlags::ALL ||
             snapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::eReparent ||
             snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility |
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index ad067be..84fa139 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -489,6 +489,20 @@
     return mGetRankedFrameRatesCache->result;
 }
 
+using LayerRequirementPtrs = std::vector<const RefreshRateSelector::LayerRequirement*>;
+using PerUidLayerRequirements = std::unordered_map<uid_t, LayerRequirementPtrs>;
+
+PerUidLayerRequirements groupLayersByUid(
+        const std::vector<RefreshRateSelector::LayerRequirement>& layers) {
+    PerUidLayerRequirements layersByUid;
+    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
+        const auto it = layersByUid.emplace(layer.ownerUid, LayerRequirementPtrs()).first;
+        auto& layersWithSameUid = it->second;
+        layersWithSameUid.push_back(&layer);
+    }
+    return layersByUid;
+}
+
 auto RefreshRateSelector::getRankedFrameRatesLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
                                                     GlobalSignals signals, Fps pacesetterFps) const
         -> RankedFrameRates {
@@ -525,6 +539,43 @@
         return {ranking, GlobalSignals{.powerOnImminent = true}};
     }
 
+    // A method for UI Toolkit to send the touch signal via "HighHint" category vote,
+    // which will touch boost when there are no ExplicitDefault layer votes on the app.
+    // At most one app can have the "HighHint" touch boost vote at a time.
+    // This accounts for cases such as games that use `setFrameRate`
+    // with Default compatibility to limit the frame rate and disabling touch boost.
+    bool isAppTouchBoost = false;
+    const auto layersByUid = groupLayersByUid(layers);
+    for (const auto& [uid, layersWithSameUid] : layersByUid) {
+        bool hasHighHint = false;
+        bool hasExplicitDefault = false;
+        for (const auto& layer : layersWithSameUid) {
+            switch (layer->vote) {
+                case LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault:
+                    hasExplicitDefault = true;
+                    break;
+                case LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory:
+                    if (layer->frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::HighHint) {
+                        hasHighHint = true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // No action
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (hasHighHint && hasExplicitDefault) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hasHighHint && !hasExplicitDefault) {
+            // Focused app has touch signal (HighHint) and no frame rate ExplicitDefault votes
+            // (which prevents touch boost due to games use case).
+            isAppTouchBoost = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     int noVoteLayers = 0;
     // Layers that prefer the same mode ("no-op").
     int noPreferenceLayers = 0;
@@ -535,7 +586,6 @@
     int explicitExact = 0;
     int explicitGteLayers = 0;
     int explicitCategoryVoteLayers = 0;
-    int interactiveLayers = 0;
     int seamedFocusedLayers = 0;
     int categorySmoothSwitchOnlyLayers = 0;
 
@@ -563,11 +613,9 @@
                 explicitGteLayers++;
                 break;
             case LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory:
-                if (layer.frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::HighHint) {
-                    // HighHint does not count as an explicit signal from an app. It may be
-                    // be a touch signal.
-                    interactiveLayers++;
-                } else {
+                // HighHint does not count as an explicit signal from an app. It is a touch signal
+                // sent from UI Toolkit.
+                if (layer.frameRateCategory != FrameRateCategory::HighHint) {
                     explicitCategoryVoteLayers++;
                 }
                 if (layer.frameRateCategory == FrameRateCategory::NoPreference) {
@@ -882,14 +930,11 @@
         return explicitCategoryVoteLayers + noVoteLayers + explicitGteLayers != layers.size();
     };
 
-    // A method for UI Toolkit to send the touch signal via "HighHint" category vote,
-    // which will touch boost when there are no ExplicitDefault layer votes. This is an
-    // incomplete solution but accounts for cases such as games that use `setFrameRate` with default
+    // This accounts for cases such as games that use `setFrameRate` with Default
     // compatibility to limit the frame rate, which should not have touch boost.
-    const bool hasInteraction = signals.touch || interactiveLayers > 0;
-
-    if (hasInteraction && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && isTouchBoostForExplicitExact() &&
-        isTouchBoostForCategory()) {
+    const bool isLateGlobalTouchBoost = signals.touch && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0;
+    const bool isLateTouchBoost = isLateGlobalTouchBoost || isAppTouchBoost;
+    if (isLateTouchBoost && isTouchBoostForExplicitExact() && isTouchBoostForCategory()) {
         const auto touchRefreshRates = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
         using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
 
@@ -917,42 +962,6 @@
     return {ranking, kNoSignals};
 }
 
-using LayerRequirementPtrs = std::vector<const RefreshRateSelector::LayerRequirement*>;
-using PerUidLayerRequirements = std::unordered_map<uid_t, LayerRequirementPtrs>;
-
-PerUidLayerRequirements groupLayersByUid(
-        const std::vector<RefreshRateSelector::LayerRequirement>& layers) {
-    PerUidLayerRequirements layersByUid;
-    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
-        const auto it = layersByUid.emplace(layer.ownerUid, LayerRequirementPtrs()).first;
-        auto& layersWithSameUid = it->second;
-        layersWithSameUid.push_back(&layer);
-    }
-
-    // Remove uids that can't have a frame rate override
-    for (auto it = layersByUid.begin(); it != layersByUid.end();) {
-        const auto& layersWithSameUid = it->second;
-        bool skipUid = false;
-        for (const auto& layer : layersWithSameUid) {
-            using LayerVoteType = RefreshRateSelector::LayerVoteType;
-
-            if (layer->vote == LayerVoteType::Max || layer->vote == LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
-                ALOGV("%s: %s skips uid=%d due to the vote", __func__,
-                      formatLayerInfo(*layer, layer->weight).c_str(), layer->ownerUid);
-                skipUid = true;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (skipUid) {
-            it = layersByUid.erase(it);
-        } else {
-            ++it;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return layersByUid;
-}
-
 auto RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateOverrides(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
                                                 Fps displayRefreshRate,
                                                 GlobalSignals globalSignals) const
@@ -997,6 +1006,7 @@
         bool hasExplicitExactOrMultiple = false;
         bool hasExplicitDefault = false;
         bool hasHighHint = false;
+        bool hasSkipOverrideLayer = false;
         for (const auto& layer : layersWithSameUid) {
             switch (layer->vote) {
                 case LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple:
@@ -1010,15 +1020,25 @@
                         hasHighHint = true;
                     }
                     break;
+                case LayerVoteType::Max:
+                case LayerVoteType::Heuristic:
+                    hasSkipOverrideLayer = true;
+                    break;
                 default:
                     // No action
                     break;
             }
-            if (hasExplicitExactOrMultiple && hasExplicitDefault && hasHighHint) {
+            if (hasExplicitExactOrMultiple && hasExplicitDefault && hasHighHint &&
+                hasSkipOverrideLayer) {
                 break;
             }
         }
 
+        if (hasSkipOverrideLayer) {
+            ALOGV("%s: Skipping due to vote(s): uid=%d", __func__, uid);
+            continue;
+        }
+
         // Layers with ExplicitExactOrMultiple expect touch boost
         if (globalSignals.touch && hasExplicitExactOrMultiple) {
             ALOGV("%s: Skipping for touch (input signal): uid=%d", __func__, uid);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index cf787cf..532eebc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1010,7 +1010,8 @@
             config.cacheUltraHDR =
                     base::GetBoolProperty("ro.surface_flinger.prime_shader_cache.ultrahdr"s, false);
             config.cacheEdgeExtension =
-                    base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.edge_extension_shader"s, true);
+                    base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.prime_shader_cache.edge_extension_shader"s,
+                                          true);
             return getRenderEngine().primeCache(config);
         });
 
@@ -2531,17 +2532,13 @@
         frontend::LayerSnapshot* snapshot = mLayerSnapshotBuilder.getSnapshot(it->second->sequence);
         gui::GameMode gameMode = (snapshot) ? snapshot->gameMode : gui::GameMode::Unsupported;
         mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second, gameMode);
-        mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.emplace(it->second->sequence);
     }
 
     updateLayerHistory(latchTime);
     mLayerSnapshotBuilder.forEachSnapshot([&](const frontend::LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
-        // update output dirty region if we have a queued buffer that is visible or a snapshot
-        // recently became invisible
-        // TODO(b/360050020) investigate if we need to update dirty region when layer color changes
-        if ((snapshot.isVisible &&
-             (mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.find(snapshot.path.id) !=
-              mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.end())) ||
+        // update output's dirty region if a snapshot is visible and its
+        // content is dirty or if a snapshot recently became invisible
+        if ((snapshot.isVisible && snapshot.contentDirty) ||
             (!snapshot.isVisible && snapshot.changes.test(Changes::Visibility))) {
             Region visibleReg;
             visibleReg.set(snapshot.transformedBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion);
@@ -2931,7 +2928,6 @@
     mScheduler->modulateVsync({}, &VsyncModulator::onDisplayRefresh, hasGpuUseOrReuse);
 
     mLayersWithQueuedFrames.clear();
-    mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames.clear();
     doActiveLayersTracingIfNeeded(true, mVisibleRegionsDirty, pacesetterTarget.frameBeginTime(),
                                   vsyncId);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index c96dc6f..c21df19 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -1241,7 +1241,6 @@
     // latched.
     std::unordered_set<std::pair<sp<Layer>, gui::GameMode>, LayerIntHash> mLayersWithQueuedFrames;
     std::unordered_set<sp<Layer>, SpHash<Layer>> mLayersWithBuffersRemoved;
-    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mLayersIdsWithQueuedFrames;
 
     // Sorted list of layers that were composed during previous frame. This is used to
     // avoid an expensive traversal of the layer hierarchy when there are no
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/common/LayerLifecycleManagerHelper.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/common/LayerLifecycleManagerHelper.h
index b472047..9794620 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/common/LayerLifecycleManagerHelper.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/common/LayerLifecycleManagerHelper.h
@@ -218,6 +218,17 @@
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
+    void setAutoRefresh(uint32_t id, bool autoRefresh) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.autoRefresh = autoRefresh;
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
     void hideLayer(uint32_t id) {
         setFlags(id, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
index a35ae15..e6b8a26 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
@@ -1935,4 +1935,54 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(2)->hasInputInfo());
 }
 
+// content dirty test
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, contentDirtyWhenParentAlphaChanges) {
+    setAlpha(1, 0.5);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(11)->contentDirty);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(111)->contentDirty);
+
+    // subsequent updates clear the dirty bit
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(11)->contentDirty);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(111)->contentDirty);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, contentDirtyWhenAutoRefresh) {
+    setAutoRefresh(1, true);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+
+    // subsequent updates don't clear the dirty bit
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+
+    // second update after removing auto refresh will clear content dirty
+    setAutoRefresh(1, false);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, contentDirtyWhenColorChanges) {
+    setColor(1, {1, 2, 3});
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+
+    // subsequent updates clear the dirty bit
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, contentDirtyWhenParentGeometryChanges) {
+    setPosition(1, 2, 3);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+
+    // subsequent updates clear the dirty bit
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot(1)->contentDirty);
+}
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index 29e1c21..b5be8db 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -2240,6 +2240,46 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
 }
 
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_touchBoost_twoUids_arr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+    // Device with VRR config mode
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrMode_120, kModeId120);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f},
+                                            {.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.f}};
+    auto& lr1 = layers[0];
+    auto& lr2 = layers[1];
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
+    auto actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    // No global touch boost, for example a game that uses setFrameRate(30, default compatibility).
+    // However see 60 due to Normal vote.
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 60_Hz,
+                           actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
+    // Gets touch boost because the touched (HighHint) app is different from the 30 Default app.
+    actualRankedFrameRates = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true});
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kVrrMode120TE240, 120_Hz,
+                           actualRankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actualRankedFrameRates.consideredSignals.touch);
+}
+
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
        getBestFrameRateMode_withFrameRateCategory_idleTimer_60_120_nonVrr) {
     SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, false);
@@ -3825,6 +3865,51 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_twoUids_arr) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
+    // Device with VRR config mode
+    auto selector = createSelector(kVrrMode_120, kModeId120);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f},
+                                            {.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.f}};
+    auto& lr1 = layers[0];
+    auto& lr2 = layers[1];
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Normal;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory Normal";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
+    // No global touch boost, for example a game that uses setFrameRate(30, default compatibility).
+    // The `displayFrameRate` is 60.
+    // However 30 Default app still gets frame rate override.
+    auto frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 60_Hz, {});
+    EXPECT_EQ(2u, frameRateOverrides.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(5678));
+    EXPECT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(5678));
+
+    lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
+    lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
+    lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
+    lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    lr2.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
+    // Gets touch boost because the touched (HighHint) app is different from the 30 Default app.
+    // The `displayFrameRate` is 120 (late touch boost).
+    // However 30 Default app still gets frame rate override.
+    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(5678));
+    EXPECT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(5678));
+}
+
 TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_withFrameRateCategory) {
     if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
         return;