diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index 16799bd..e79eac0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -486,13 +486,13 @@
     return 0ns;
 }
 
-void VSyncPredictor::onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
-                                  TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) {
+void VSyncPredictor::onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, FrameTime lastSignaledFrameTime) {
     SFTRACE_NAME("VSyncPredictor::onFrameBegin");
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
 
     if (!mDisplayModePtr->getVrrConfig()) return;
 
+    const auto [lastConfirmedPresentTime, lastConfirmedExpectedPresentTime] = lastSignaledFrameTime;
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(mTraceOn)) {
         SFTRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("vsync is %.2f past last signaled fence",
                                static_cast<float>(expectedPresentTime.ns() -
@@ -518,6 +518,11 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (lastConfirmedExpectedPresentTime.ns() - lastConfirmedPresentTime.ns() > threshold) {
+        SFTRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("lastFramePresentedEarly");
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto phase = ensureMinFrameDurationIsKept(expectedPresentTime, lastConfirmedPresentTime);
     if (phase > 0ns) {
         mMissedVsync = {expectedPresentTime, minFramePeriodLocked()};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
index 66a7d71..db5f455 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <scheduler/FrameTime.h>
 #include <scheduler/TimeKeeper.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayId.h>
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
 
     void setRenderRate(Fps, bool applyImmediately) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
-    void onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) final
+    void onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, FrameTime lastSignaledFrameTime) final
             EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     void onFrameMissed(TimePoint expectedPresentTime) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
index 134d28e..3376fad 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <scheduler/Fps.h>
 #include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
+#include <scheduler/FrameTime.h>
 
 #include "VSyncDispatch.h"
 
@@ -112,8 +113,7 @@
      */
     virtual void setRenderRate(Fps, bool applyImmediately) = 0;
 
-    virtual void onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
-                              TimePoint lastConfirmedPresentTime) = 0;
+    virtual void onFrameBegin(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, FrameTime lastSignaledFrameTime) = 0;
 
     virtual void onFrameMissed(TimePoint expectedPresentTime) = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTargeter.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTargeter.h
index d37d2dc..38cb446 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTargeter.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTargeter.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <ui/FenceTime.h>
 
 #include <scheduler/Features.h>
+#include <scheduler/FrameTime.h>
 #include <scheduler/Time.h>
 #include <scheduler/VsyncId.h>
 #include <scheduler/interface/CompositeResult.h>
@@ -57,13 +58,6 @@
     // The time of the VSYNC that preceded this frame. See `presentFenceForPastVsync` for details.
     TimePoint pastVsyncTime(Period minFramePeriod) const;
 
-    // The present fence for the frame that had targeted the most recent VSYNC before this frame.
-    // If the target VSYNC for any given frame is more than `vsyncPeriod` in the future, then the
-    // VSYNC of at least one previous frame has not yet passed. In other words, this is NOT the
-    // `presentFenceForPreviousFrame` if running N VSYNCs ahead, but the one that should have been
-    // signaled by now (unless that frame missed).
-    FenceTimePtr presentFenceForPastVsync(Period minFramePeriod) const;
-
     // Equivalent to `presentFenceForPastVsync` unless running N VSYNCs ahead.
     const FenceTimePtr& presentFenceForPreviousFrame() const {
         return mPresentFences.front().fenceTime;
@@ -72,7 +66,7 @@
     bool isFramePending() const { return mFramePending; }
     bool didMissFrame() const { return mFrameMissed; }
     bool didMissHwcFrame() const { return mHwcFrameMissed && !mGpuFrameMissed; }
-    TimePoint lastSignaledFrameTime() const { return mLastSignaledFrameTime; };
+    FrameTime lastSignaledFrameTime() const { return mLastSignaledFrameTime; }
 
 protected:
     explicit FrameTarget(const std::string& displayLabel);
@@ -106,10 +100,17 @@
         FenceTimePtr fenceTime = FenceTime::NO_FENCE;
         TimePoint expectedPresentTime = TimePoint();
     };
+
+    // The present fence for the frame that had targeted the most recent VSYNC before this frame.
+    // If the target VSYNC for any given frame is more than `vsyncPeriod` in the future, then the
+    // VSYNC of at least one previous frame has not yet passed. In other words, this is NOT the
+    // `presentFenceForPreviousFrame` if running N VSYNCs ahead, but the one that should have been
+    // signaled by now (unless that frame missed).
+    FenceWithFenceTime presentFenceForPastVsync(Period minFramePeriod) const;
     std::array<FenceWithFenceTime, 2> mPresentFences;
     utils::RingBuffer<FenceWithFenceTime, 5> mFenceWithFenceTimes;
 
-    TimePoint mLastSignaledFrameTime;
+    FrameTime mLastSignaledFrameTime;
 
 private:
     friend class FrameTargeterTestBase;
@@ -120,16 +121,17 @@
         return expectedFrameDuration() > (N - 1) * minFramePeriod;
     }
 
-    const FenceTimePtr pastVsyncTimePtr() const {
-        auto pastFenceTimePtr = FenceTime::NO_FENCE;
+    FenceWithFenceTime pastVsyncTimePtr() const {
+        FenceWithFenceTime pastFenceWithFenceTime;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < mFenceWithFenceTimes.size(); i++) {
-            const auto& [_, fenceTimePtr, expectedPresentTime] = mFenceWithFenceTimes[i];
-            if (expectedPresentTime > mFrameBeginTime) {
-                return pastFenceTimePtr;
+            const auto& fenceWithFenceTime = mFenceWithFenceTimes[i];
+            // TODO(b/354007767) Fix the below condition to avoid frame drop
+            if (fenceWithFenceTime.expectedPresentTime > mFrameBeginTime) {
+                return pastFenceWithFenceTime;
             }
-            pastFenceTimePtr = fenceTimePtr;
+            pastFenceWithFenceTime = fenceWithFenceTime;
         }
-        return pastFenceTimePtr;
+        return pastFenceWithFenceTime;
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTime.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed5c899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameTime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scheduler/Time.h>
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+struct FrameTime {
+    TimePoint signalTime;
+    TimePoint expectedPresentTime;
+};
+} // namespace android::scheduler
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/src/FrameTargeter.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/src/FrameTargeter.cpp
index 60694b9..1d248fb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/src/FrameTargeter.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/src/FrameTargeter.cpp
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
     return mExpectedPresentTime - Period::fromNs(minFramePeriod.ns() << shift);
 }
 
-FenceTimePtr FrameTarget::presentFenceForPastVsync(Period minFramePeriod) const {
+FrameTarget::FenceWithFenceTime FrameTarget::presentFenceForPastVsync(Period minFramePeriod) const {
     if (FlagManager::getInstance().allow_n_vsyncs_in_targeter()) {
         return pastVsyncTimePtr();
     }
     const size_t i = static_cast<size_t>(targetsVsyncsAhead<2>(minFramePeriod));
-    return mPresentFences[i].fenceTime;
+    return mPresentFences[i];
 }
 
 bool FrameTarget::wouldPresentEarly(Period minFramePeriod) const {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    const auto fence = presentFenceForPastVsync(minFramePeriod);
+    const auto fence = presentFenceForPastVsync(minFramePeriod).fenceTime;
     return fence->isValid() && fence->getSignalTime() != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
 }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
                    ticks<std::milli, float>(mExpectedPresentTime - TimePoint::now()),
                    mExpectedPresentTime == args.expectedVsyncTime ? "" : " (adjusted)");
 
-    const FenceTimePtr& pastPresentFence = presentFenceForPastVsync(minFramePeriod);
+    FenceWithFenceTime pastPresentFence = presentFenceForPastVsync(minFramePeriod);
 
     // In cases where the present fence is about to fire, give it a small grace period instead of
     // giving up on the frame.
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@
 
     // Pending frames may trigger backpressure propagation.
     const auto& isFencePending = *isFencePendingFuncPtr;
-    mFramePending = pastPresentFence != FenceTime::NO_FENCE &&
-            isFencePending(pastPresentFence, graceTimeForPresentFenceMs);
+    mFramePending = pastPresentFence.fenceTime != FenceTime::NO_FENCE &&
+            isFencePending(pastPresentFence.fenceTime, graceTimeForPresentFenceMs);
 
     // A frame is missed if the prior frame is still pending. If no longer pending, then we still
     // count the frame as missed if the predicted present time was further in the past than when the
@@ -114,9 +114,10 @@
     // than a typical frame duration, but should not be so small that it reports reasonable drift as
     // a missed frame.
     mFrameMissed = mFramePending || [&] {
-        const nsecs_t pastPresentTime = pastPresentFence->getSignalTime();
+        const nsecs_t pastPresentTime = pastPresentFence.fenceTime->getSignalTime();
         if (pastPresentTime < 0) return false;
-        mLastSignaledFrameTime = TimePoint::fromNs(pastPresentTime);
+        mLastSignaledFrameTime = {.signalTime = TimePoint::fromNs(pastPresentTime),
+                                  .expectedPresentTime = pastPresentFence.expectedPresentTime};
         const nsecs_t frameMissedSlop = vsyncPeriod.ns() / 2;
         return lastScheduledPresentTime.ns() < pastPresentTime - frameMissedSlop;
     }();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/tests/FrameTargeterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/tests/FrameTargeterTest.cpp
index 5448eec..190d062 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/tests/FrameTargeterTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/tests/FrameTargeterTest.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@
         return target().wouldPresentEarly(minFramePeriod);
     }
 
+    FrameTarget::FenceWithFenceTime presentFenceForPastVsync(Period minFramePeriod) const {
+        return target().presentFenceForPastVsync(minFramePeriod);
+    }
+
     struct Frame {
         Frame(FrameTargeterTestBase* testPtr, VsyncId vsyncId, TimePoint& frameBeginTime,
               Duration frameDuration, Fps refreshRate, Fps peakRefreshRate,
@@ -181,7 +185,7 @@
         const auto fence = frame.end();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(target().pastVsyncTime(kPeriod), frameBeginTime + kFrameDuration - kPeriod);
-        EXPECT_EQ(target().presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod), fence);
+        EXPECT_EQ(presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod).fenceTime, fence);
     }
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +204,7 @@
         const auto fence = frame.end();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(target().pastVsyncTime(kPeriod), frameBeginTime + kFrameDuration - 2 * kPeriod);
-        EXPECT_EQ(target().presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod), previousFence);
+        EXPECT_EQ(presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod).fenceTime, previousFence);
 
         previousFence = fence;
     }
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@
 
         const auto pastVsyncTime = frameBeginTime + kFrameDuration - 2 * kPeriod;
         EXPECT_EQ(target().pastVsyncTime(kPeriod), pastVsyncTime);
-        EXPECT_EQ(target().presentFenceForPastVsync(kFrameDuration), previousFence);
+        EXPECT_EQ(presentFenceForPastVsync(kFrameDuration).fenceTime, previousFence);
 
         frameBeginTime += kPeriod;
         previousFence = fence;
@@ -248,7 +252,7 @@
         const auto fence = frame.end();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(target().pastVsyncTime(kPeriod), frameBeginTime + kFrameDuration - 2 * kPeriod);
-        EXPECT_EQ(target().presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod), previousFence);
+        EXPECT_EQ(presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod).fenceTime, previousFence);
 
         previousFence = fence;
     }
@@ -274,7 +278,7 @@
 
         const auto pastVsyncTime = frameBeginTime + kFrameDuration - 2 * kPeriod;
         EXPECT_EQ(target().pastVsyncTime(kPeriod), pastVsyncTime);
-        EXPECT_EQ(target().presentFenceForPastVsync(kFrameDuration), previousFence);
+        EXPECT_EQ(presentFenceForPastVsync(kFrameDuration).fenceTime, previousFence);
 
         frameBeginTime += kPeriod;
         previousFence = fence;
@@ -283,7 +287,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(FrameTargeterTest, doesNotDetectEarlyPresentIfNoFence) {
     constexpr Period kPeriod = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
-    EXPECT_EQ(target().presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod), FenceTime::NO_FENCE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(presentFenceForPastVsync(kPeriod).fenceTime, FenceTime::NO_FENCE);
     EXPECT_FALSE(wouldPresentEarly(kPeriod));
 }