Merge "Update tests to treat multithreaded_present as true" into main
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
index a401838..adcef91 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
     std::optional<std::string> updatableViaApex;
 
     forEachManifest([&](const ManifestWithDescription& mwd) {
-        mwd.manifest->forEachInstance([&](const auto& manifestInstance) {
+        bool cont = mwd.manifest->forEachInstance([&](const auto& manifestInstance) {
             if (manifestInstance.format() != vintf::HalFormat::AIDL) return true;
             if (manifestInstance.package() != aname.package) return true;
             if (manifestInstance.interface() != aname.iface) return true;
@@ -158,8 +158,7 @@
             updatableViaApex = manifestInstance.updatableViaApex();
             return false; // break (libvintf uses opposite convention)
         });
-        if (updatableViaApex.has_value()) return true; // break (found match)
-        return false; // continue
+        return !cont;
     });
 
     return updatableViaApex;
diff --git a/data/etc/android.hardware.location.gps.xml b/data/etc/android.hardware.location.gps.xml
index 72ab732..2a55370 100644
--- a/data/etc/android.hardware.location.gps.xml
+++ b/data/etc/android.hardware.location.gps.xml
@@ -17,6 +17,5 @@
 <!-- These are the location-related features for devices that include GPS. -->
 <permissions>
     <feature name="android.hardware.location" />
-    <feature name="android.hardware.location.network" />
     <feature name="android.hardware.location.gps" />
 </permissions>
diff --git a/data/etc/car_core_hardware.xml b/data/etc/car_core_hardware.xml
index 95b8110..beb69f8 100644
--- a/data/etc/car_core_hardware.xml
+++ b/data/etc/car_core_hardware.xml
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 
     <feature name="android.hardware.audio.output" />
     <feature name="android.hardware.location" />
-    <feature name="android.hardware.location.network" />
     <feature name="android.hardware.bluetooth" />
     <feature name="android.hardware.touchscreen" />
     <feature name="android.hardware.microphone" />
diff --git a/include/android/keycodes.h b/include/android/keycodes.h
index f8fb256..79cdbca 100644
--- a/include/android/keycodes.h
+++ b/include/android/keycodes.h
@@ -839,6 +839,10 @@
     AKEYCODE_MACRO_3 = 315,
     /** User customizable key #4. */
     AKEYCODE_MACRO_4 = 316,
+    /** Open Emoji picker */
+    AKEYCODE_EMOJI_PICKER = 317,
+    /** Take Screenshot */
+    AKEYCODE_SCREENSHOT = 318,
 
     // NOTE: If you add a new keycode here you must also add it to several other files.
     //       Refer to frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/KeyEvent.java for the full list.
diff --git a/include/ftl/details/future.h b/include/ftl/details/future.h
index df1323e..8d82e0f 100644
--- a/include/ftl/details/future.h
+++ b/include/ftl/details/future.h
@@ -73,8 +73,18 @@
     return std::get<Impl>(self()).get();
   }
 
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  std::future_status wait_for(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& timeout_duration) const {
+    if (std::holds_alternative<T>(self())) {
+      return std::future_status::ready;
+    }
+
+    return std::get<Impl>(self()).wait_for(timeout_duration);
+  }
+
  private:
   auto& self() { return static_cast<Self&>(*this).future_; }
+  const auto& self() const { return static_cast<const Self&>(*this).future_; }
 };
 
 template <typename Self, typename T>
@@ -90,6 +100,15 @@
     return std::get<Impl>(self()).get();
   }
 
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  std::future_status wait_for(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& timeout_duration) const {
+    if (std::holds_alternative<T>(self())) {
+      return std::future_status::ready;
+    }
+
+    return std::get<Impl>(self()).wait_for(timeout_duration);
+  }
+
  private:
   const auto& self() const { return static_cast<const Self&>(*this).future_; }
 };
diff --git a/include/ftl/expected.h b/include/ftl/expected.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12b6102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/expected.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/expected.h>
+#include <ftl/optional.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::ftl {
+
+// Superset of base::expected<T, E> with monadic operations.
+//
+// TODO: Extend std::expected<T, E> in C++23.
+//
+template <typename T, typename E>
+struct Expected final : base::expected<T, E> {
+  using Base = base::expected<T, E>;
+  using Base::expected;
+
+  using Base::error;
+  using Base::has_value;
+  using Base::value;
+
+  template <typename P>
+  constexpr bool has_error(P predicate) const {
+    return !has_value() && predicate(error());
+  }
+
+  constexpr Optional<T> value_opt() const& {
+    return has_value() ? Optional(value()) : std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  constexpr Optional<T> value_opt() && {
+    return has_value() ? Optional(std::move(value())) : std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  // Delete new for this class. Its base doesn't have a virtual destructor, and
+  // if it got deleted via base class pointer, it would cause undefined
+  // behavior. There's not a good reason to allocate this object on the heap
+  // anyway.
+  static void* operator new(size_t) = delete;
+  static void* operator new[](size_t) = delete;
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+constexpr auto Unexpected(E&& error) {
+  return base::unexpected(std::forward<E>(error));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/ftl/future.h b/include/ftl/future.h
index c78f9b7..dad180f 100644
--- a/include/ftl/future.h
+++ b/include/ftl/future.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
   // Forwarding functions. Base::share is only defined when FutureImpl is std::future, whereas the
   // following are defined for either FutureImpl:
   using Base::get;
+  using Base::wait_for;
 
   // Attaches a continuation to the future. The continuation is a function that maps T to either R
   // or ftl::Future<R>. In the former case, the chain wraps the result in a future as if by
diff --git a/include/input/InputTransport.h b/include/input/InputTransport.h
index 2d64872..d53e8c6 100644
--- a/include/input/InputTransport.h
+++ b/include/input/InputTransport.h
@@ -35,18 +35,16 @@
 #include <android-base/result.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
+#include <android/os/InputChannelCore.h>
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <input/InputVerifier.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
-
 namespace android {
 class Parcel;
 
@@ -231,18 +229,15 @@
  * input messages across processes.  Each channel has a descriptive name for debugging purposes.
  *
  * Each endpoint has its own InputChannel object that specifies its file descriptor.
+ * For parceling, this relies on android::os::InputChannelCore, defined in aidl.
  *
  * The input channel is closed when all references to it are released.
  */
-class InputChannel : public Parcelable {
+class InputChannel : private android::os::InputChannelCore {
 public:
-    static std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> create(const std::string& name,
-                                                android::base::unique_fd fd, sp<IBinder> token);
-    InputChannel() = default;
-    InputChannel(const InputChannel& other)
-          : mName(other.mName), mFd(other.dupFd()), mToken(other.mToken){};
-    InputChannel(const std::string name, android::base::unique_fd fd, sp<IBinder> token);
-    ~InputChannel() override;
+    static std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> create(android::os::InputChannelCore&& parceledChannel);
+    ~InputChannel();
+
     /**
      * Create a pair of input channels.
      * The two returned input channels are equivalent, and are labeled as "server" and "client"
@@ -254,9 +249,8 @@
                                          std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>& outServerChannel,
                                          std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>& outClientChannel);
 
-    inline std::string getName() const { return mName; }
-    inline const android::base::unique_fd& getFd() const { return mFd; }
-    inline sp<IBinder> getToken() const { return mToken; }
+    inline std::string getName() const { return name; }
+    inline int getFd() const { return fd.get(); }
 
     /* Send a message to the other endpoint.
      *
@@ -304,10 +298,7 @@
     /* Return a new object that has a duplicate of this channel's fd. */
     std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> dup() const;
 
-    void copyTo(InputChannel& outChannel) const;
-
-    status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) override;
-    status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const override;
+    void copyTo(android::os::InputChannelCore& outChannel) const;
 
     /**
      * The connection token is used to identify the input connection, i.e.
@@ -323,26 +314,11 @@
      */
     sp<IBinder> getConnectionToken() const;
 
-    bool operator==(const InputChannel& inputChannel) const {
-        struct stat lhs, rhs;
-        if (fstat(mFd.get(), &lhs) != 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (fstat(inputChannel.getFd().get(), &rhs) != 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // If file descriptors are pointing to same inode they are duplicated fds.
-        return inputChannel.getName() == getName() && inputChannel.getConnectionToken() == mToken &&
-                lhs.st_ino == rhs.st_ino;
-    }
-
 private:
-    base::unique_fd dupFd() const;
+    static std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> create(const std::string& name,
+                                                android::base::unique_fd fd, sp<IBinder> token);
 
-    std::string mName;
-    base::unique_fd mFd;
-
-    sp<IBinder> mToken;
+    InputChannel(const std::string name, android::base::unique_fd fd, sp<IBinder> token);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -357,7 +333,7 @@
     ~InputPublisher();
 
     /* Gets the underlying input channel. */
-    inline std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> getChannel() { return mChannel; }
+    inline std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> getChannel() const { return mChannel; }
 
     /* Publishes a key event to the input channel.
      *
diff --git a/libs/ftl/Android.bp b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
index 918680d..5ac965f 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "ftl_test",
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "algorithm_test.cpp",
         "cast_test.cpp",
         "concat_test.cpp",
         "enum_test.cpp",
+        "expected_test.cpp",
         "fake_guard_test.cpp",
         "flags_test.cpp",
         "function_test.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cb07e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/expected_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ftl/expected.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <system_error>
+
+namespace android::test {
+
+using IntExp = ftl::Expected<int, std::errc>;
+using StringExp = ftl::Expected<std::string, std::errc>;
+
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
+TEST(Expected, Construct) {
+  // Default value.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IntExp().has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(IntExp(), IntExp(0));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StringExp().has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringExp(), StringExp(""));
+
+  // Value.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IntExp(42).has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, IntExp(42).value());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(StringExp("test").has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test"s, StringExp("test").value());
+
+  // Error.
+  const auto exp = StringExp(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::invalid_argument));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(exp.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::errc::invalid_argument, exp.error());
+}
+
+TEST(Expected, HasError) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IntExp(123).has_error([](auto) { return true; }));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IntExp(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::io_error)).has_error([](auto) { return false; }));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StringExp(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::permission_denied)).has_error([](auto e) {
+    return e == std::errc::permission_denied;
+  }));
+}
+
+TEST(Expected, ValueOpt) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::Optional(-1), IntExp(-1).value_opt());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, IntExp(ftl::Unexpected(std::errc::broken_pipe)).value_opt());
+
+  {
+    const StringExp exp("foo"s);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::Optional('f'),
+              exp.value_opt().transform([](const auto& s) { return s.front(); }));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo"s, exp.value());
+  }
+  {
+    StringExp exp("foobar"s);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::Optional(6), std::move(exp).value_opt().transform(&std::string::length));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(exp.value().empty());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/future_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/future_test.cpp
index 5a245b6..1140639 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/future_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/future_test.cpp
@@ -102,4 +102,42 @@
   decrement_thread.join();
 }
 
+TEST(Future, WaitFor) {
+  using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+  {
+    auto future = ftl::yield(42);
+    // Check that we can wait_for multiple times without invalidating the future
+    EXPECT_EQ(future.wait_for(1s), std::future_status::ready);
+    EXPECT_EQ(future.wait_for(1s), std::future_status::ready);
+    EXPECT_EQ(future.get(), 42);
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    std::mutex m;
+    bool ready = false;
+
+    std::packaged_task<int32_t()> get_int([&] {
+      std::unique_lock lk(m);
+      cv.wait(lk, [&] { return ready; });
+      return 24;
+    });
+
+    auto get_future = ftl::Future(get_int.get_future());
+    std::thread get_thread(std::move(get_int));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(get_future.wait_for(0s), std::future_status::timeout);
+    {
+      std::unique_lock lk(m);
+      ready = true;
+    }
+    cv.notify_one();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(get_future.wait_for(1s), std::future_status::ready);
+    EXPECT_EQ(get_future.get(), 24);
+
+    get_thread.join();
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 8d18551..83c2b7f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <gui/LayerStatePermissions.h>
+#include <gui/ScreenCaptureResults.h>
 #include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
 #include <private/gui/ComposerServiceAIDL.h>
 
@@ -3138,11 +3139,19 @@
 }
 
 status_t ScreenshotClient::captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& captureArgs,
-                                         const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
+                                         const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener,
+                                         bool sync) {
     sp<gui::ISurfaceComposer> s(ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService());
     if (s == nullptr) return NO_INIT;
 
-    binder::Status status = s->captureLayers(captureArgs, captureListener);
+    binder::Status status;
+    if (sync) {
+        gui::ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
+        status = s->captureLayersSync(captureArgs, &captureResults);
+        captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
+    } else {
+        status = s->captureLayers(captureArgs, captureListener);
+    }
     return statusTFromBinderStatus(status);
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
index e3122bc..51e0193 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import android.gui.LayerDebugInfo;
 import android.gui.OverlayProperties;
 import android.gui.PullAtomData;
+import android.gui.ScreenCaptureResults;
 import android.gui.ARect;
 import android.gui.SchedulingPolicy;
 import android.gui.StalledTransactionInfo;
@@ -245,6 +246,16 @@
     /**
      * Capture a subtree of the layer hierarchy, potentially ignoring the root node.
      * This requires READ_FRAME_BUFFER permission. This function will fail if there
+     * is a secure window on screen. This is a blocking call and will return the
+     * ScreenCaptureResults, including the captured buffer. Because this is blocking, the
+     * caller doesn't care about the fence and the binder thread in SurfaceFlinger will wait
+     * on the fence to fire before returning the results.
+     */
+    ScreenCaptureResults captureLayersSync(in LayerCaptureArgs args);
+
+    /**
+     * Capture a subtree of the layer hierarchy, potentially ignoring the root node.
+     * This requires READ_FRAME_BUFFER permission. This function will fail if there
      * is a secure window on screen
      */
     oneway void captureLayers(in LayerCaptureArgs args, IScreenCaptureListener listener);
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
index c952ba2..2bdbd43 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@
                 (int64_t, const gui::CaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, captureLayers,
                 (const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, captureLayersSync,
+                (const LayerCaptureArgs&, gui::ScreenCaptureResults*), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, clearAnimationFrameStats, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, getAnimationFrameStats, (gui::FrameStats*), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, overrideHdrTypes, (const sp<IBinder>&, const std::vector<int32_t>&),
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index 14e3dd5..88a2c34 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -849,7 +849,8 @@
     static status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
     static status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId, const gui::CaptureArgs&,
                                    const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    static status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    static status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&,
+                                  bool sync);
 
     [[deprecated]] static status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId id,
                                                   const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& listener) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index b9ab803..a9d6e8d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@
 using Transaction = SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction;
 
 sp<IInputFlinger> getInputFlinger() {
-   sp<IBinder> input(defaultServiceManager()->getService(
-            String16("inputflinger")));
+    sp<IBinder> input(defaultServiceManager()->waitForService(String16("inputflinger")));
     if (input == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Failed to link to input service");
     } else { ALOGE("Linked to input"); }
@@ -104,8 +103,13 @@
         if (noInputChannel) {
             mInputInfo.setInputConfig(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL, true);
         } else {
-            mClientChannel = std::make_shared<InputChannel>();
-            mInputFlinger->createInputChannel("testchannels", mClientChannel.get());
+            android::os::InputChannelCore tempChannel;
+            android::binder::Status result =
+                    mInputFlinger->createInputChannel("testchannels", &tempChannel);
+            if (!result.isOk()) {
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "binder call to createInputChannel failed";
+            }
+            mClientChannel = InputChannel::create(std::move(tempChannel));
             mInputInfo.token = mClientChannel->getConnectionToken();
             mInputConsumer = new InputConsumer(mClientChannel);
         }
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
index c6ea317..577d239 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
@@ -791,6 +791,10 @@
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
+    binder::Status captureLayersSync(const LayerCaptureArgs&, ScreenCaptureResults*) override {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
     binder::Status captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&,
                                  const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override {
         return binder::Status::ok();
diff --git a/libs/input/Android.bp b/libs/input/Android.bp
index 3d3bf13..e5fb2c5 100644
--- a/libs/input/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/Android.bp
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl",
+        "android/os/InputChannelCore.aidl",
         "AccelerationCurve.cpp",
         "Input.cpp",
         "InputDevice.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp b/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp
index 0e627e5..8db0ca5 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp
@@ -348,7 +348,9 @@
     DEFINE_KEYCODE(MACRO_1), \
     DEFINE_KEYCODE(MACRO_2), \
     DEFINE_KEYCODE(MACRO_3), \
-    DEFINE_KEYCODE(MACRO_4)
+    DEFINE_KEYCODE(MACRO_4), \
+    DEFINE_KEYCODE(EMOJI_PICKER), \
+    DEFINE_KEYCODE(SCREENSHOT)
 
 // NOTE: If you add a new axis here you must also add it to several other files.
 //       Refer to frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/MotionEvent.java for the full list.
diff --git a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
index 37de00c..0e0e80d 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,21 @@
     return __android_log_is_loggable(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG "Resampling", ANDROID_LOG_INFO);
 }
 
+android::base::unique_fd dupChannelFd(int fd) {
+    android::base::unique_fd newFd(::dup(fd));
+    if (!newFd.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Could not duplicate fd %i : %s", fd, strerror(errno));
+        const bool hitFdLimit = errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE;
+        // If this process is out of file descriptors, then throwing that might end up exploding
+        // on the other side of a binder call, which isn't really helpful.
+        // Better to just crash here and hope that the FD leak is slow.
+        // Other failures could be client errors, so we still propagate those back to the caller.
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(hitFdLimit, "Too many open files, could not duplicate input channel");
+        return {};
+    }
+    return newFd;
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 using android::base::Result;
@@ -395,15 +410,23 @@
     return std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>(new InputChannel(name, std::move(fd), token));
 }
 
-InputChannel::InputChannel(const std::string name, android::base::unique_fd fd, sp<IBinder> token)
-      : mName(std::move(name)), mFd(std::move(fd)), mToken(std::move(token)) {
+std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> InputChannel::create(
+        android::os::InputChannelCore&& parceledChannel) {
+    return InputChannel::create(parceledChannel.name, parceledChannel.fd.release(),
+                                parceledChannel.token);
+}
+
+InputChannel::InputChannel(const std::string name, android::base::unique_fd fd, sp<IBinder> token) {
+    this->name = std::move(name);
+    this->fd.reset(std::move(fd));
+    this->token = std::move(token);
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_LIFECYCLE, "Input channel constructed: name='%s', fd=%d",
-             getName().c_str(), getFd().get());
+             getName().c_str(), getFd());
 }
 
 InputChannel::~InputChannel() {
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_LIFECYCLE, "Input channel destroyed: name='%s', fd=%d",
-             getName().c_str(), getFd().get());
+             getName().c_str(), getFd());
 }
 
 status_t InputChannel::openInputChannelPair(const std::string& name,
@@ -441,19 +464,19 @@
     ATRACE_NAME_IF(ATRACE_ENABLED(),
                    StringPrintf("sendMessage(inputChannel=%s, seq=0x%" PRIx32 ", type=0x%" PRIx32
                                 ")",
-                                mName.c_str(), msg->header.seq, msg->header.type));
+                                name.c_str(), msg->header.seq, msg->header.type));
     const size_t msgLength = msg->size();
     InputMessage cleanMsg;
     msg->getSanitizedCopy(&cleanMsg);
     ssize_t nWrite;
     do {
-        nWrite = ::send(getFd().get(), &cleanMsg, msgLength, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+        nWrite = ::send(getFd(), &cleanMsg, msgLength, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_NOSIGNAL);
     } while (nWrite == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 
     if (nWrite < 0) {
         int error = errno;
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES, "channel '%s' ~ error sending message of type %s, %s",
-                 mName.c_str(), ftl::enum_string(msg->header.type).c_str(), strerror(error));
+                 name.c_str(), ftl::enum_string(msg->header.type).c_str(), strerror(error));
         if (error == EAGAIN || error == EWOULDBLOCK) {
             return WOULD_BLOCK;
         }
@@ -465,12 +488,12 @@
 
     if (size_t(nWrite) != msgLength) {
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES,
-                 "channel '%s' ~ error sending message type %s, send was incomplete", mName.c_str(),
+                 "channel '%s' ~ error sending message type %s, send was incomplete", name.c_str(),
                  ftl::enum_string(msg->header.type).c_str());
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
     }
 
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES, "channel '%s' ~ sent message of type %s", mName.c_str(),
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES, "channel '%s' ~ sent message of type %s", name.c_str(),
              ftl::enum_string(msg->header.type).c_str());
 
     return OK;
@@ -479,13 +502,13 @@
 status_t InputChannel::receiveMessage(InputMessage* msg) {
     ssize_t nRead;
     do {
-        nRead = ::recv(getFd().get(), msg, sizeof(InputMessage), MSG_DONTWAIT);
+        nRead = ::recv(getFd(), msg, sizeof(InputMessage), MSG_DONTWAIT);
     } while (nRead == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 
     if (nRead < 0) {
         int error = errno;
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES, "channel '%s' ~ receive message failed, errno=%d",
-                 mName.c_str(), errno);
+                 name.c_str(), errno);
         if (error == EAGAIN || error == EWOULDBLOCK) {
             return WOULD_BLOCK;
         }
@@ -497,29 +520,29 @@
 
     if (nRead == 0) { // check for EOF
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES,
-                 "channel '%s' ~ receive message failed because peer was closed", mName.c_str());
+                 "channel '%s' ~ receive message failed because peer was closed", name.c_str());
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
     }
 
     if (!msg->isValid(nRead)) {
-        ALOGE("channel '%s' ~ received invalid message of size %zd", mName.c_str(), nRead);
+        ALOGE("channel '%s' ~ received invalid message of size %zd", name.c_str(), nRead);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES, "channel '%s' ~ received message of type %s", mName.c_str(),
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CHANNEL_MESSAGES, "channel '%s' ~ received message of type %s", name.c_str(),
              ftl::enum_string(msg->header.type).c_str());
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
         // Add an additional trace point to include data about the received message.
         std::string message = StringPrintf("receiveMessage(inputChannel=%s, seq=0x%" PRIx32
                                            ", type=0x%" PRIx32 ")",
-                                           mName.c_str(), msg->header.seq, msg->header.type);
+                                           name.c_str(), msg->header.seq, msg->header.type);
         ATRACE_NAME(message.c_str());
     }
     return OK;
 }
 
 bool InputChannel::probablyHasInput() const {
-    struct pollfd pfds = {.fd = mFd, .events = POLLIN};
+    struct pollfd pfds = {.fd = fd.get(), .events = POLLIN};
     if (::poll(&pfds, /*nfds=*/1, /*timeout=*/0) <= 0) {
         // This can be a false negative because EINTR and ENOMEM are not handled. The latter should
         // be extremely rare. The EINTR is also unlikely because it happens only when the signal
@@ -538,7 +561,7 @@
     if (timeout < 0ms) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Timeout cannot be negative, received " << timeout.count();
     }
-    struct pollfd pfds = {.fd = mFd, .events = POLLIN};
+    struct pollfd pfds = {.fd = fd.get(), .events = POLLIN};
     int ret;
     std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> stopTime =
             std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + timeout;
@@ -551,53 +574,18 @@
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> InputChannel::dup() const {
-    base::unique_fd newFd(dupFd());
+    base::unique_fd newFd(dupChannelFd(fd.get()));
     return InputChannel::create(getName(), std::move(newFd), getConnectionToken());
 }
 
-void InputChannel::copyTo(InputChannel& outChannel) const {
-    outChannel.mName = getName();
-    outChannel.mFd = dupFd();
-    outChannel.mToken = getConnectionToken();
-}
-
-status_t InputChannel::writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const {
-    if (parcel == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    return parcel->writeStrongBinder(mToken)
-            ?: parcel->writeUtf8AsUtf16(mName) ?: parcel->writeUniqueFileDescriptor(mFd);
-}
-
-status_t InputChannel::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) {
-    if (parcel == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    mToken = parcel->readStrongBinder();
-    return parcel->readUtf8FromUtf16(&mName) ?: parcel->readUniqueFileDescriptor(&mFd);
+void InputChannel::copyTo(android::os::InputChannelCore& outChannel) const {
+    outChannel.name = getName();
+    outChannel.fd.reset(dupChannelFd(fd.get()));
+    outChannel.token = getConnectionToken();
 }
 
 sp<IBinder> InputChannel::getConnectionToken() const {
-    return mToken;
-}
-
-base::unique_fd InputChannel::dupFd() const {
-    base::unique_fd newFd(::dup(getFd().get()));
-    if (!newFd.ok()) {
-        ALOGE("Could not duplicate fd %i for channel %s: %s", getFd().get(), getName().c_str(),
-              strerror(errno));
-        const bool hitFdLimit = errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE;
-        // If this process is out of file descriptors, then throwing that might end up exploding
-        // on the other side of a binder call, which isn't really helpful.
-        // Better to just crash here and hope that the FD leak is slow.
-        // Other failures could be client errors, so we still propagate those back to the caller.
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(hitFdLimit, "Too many open files, could not duplicate input channel %s",
-                            getName().c_str());
-        return {};
-    }
-    return newFd;
+    return token;
 }
 
 // --- InputPublisher ---
diff --git a/libs/input/android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl b/libs/input/android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl
index 00ebd4d..c1aacfb 100644
--- a/libs/input/android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl
+++ b/libs/input/android/os/IInputFlinger.aidl
@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@
 
 package android.os;
 
-import android.InputChannel;
+import android.os.InputChannelCore;
 import android.gui.FocusRequest;
-import android.gui.WindowInfo;
 
 /** @hide */
 interface IInputFlinger
 {
-    InputChannel createInputChannel(in @utf8InCpp String name);
+    InputChannelCore createInputChannel(in @utf8InCpp String name);
     void removeInputChannel(in IBinder connectionToken);
     /**
      * Sets focus to the window identified by the token. This must be called
diff --git a/libs/input/android/InputChannel.aidl b/libs/input/android/os/InputChannelCore.aidl
similarity index 72%
rename from libs/input/android/InputChannel.aidl
rename to libs/input/android/os/InputChannelCore.aidl
index c2d1112..888a553 100644
--- a/libs/input/android/InputChannel.aidl
+++ b/libs/input/android/os/InputChannelCore.aidl
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
-package android;
+package android.os;
 
-parcelable InputChannel cpp_header "input/InputTransport.h";
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+/**
+ * Input channel struct for sending InputChannel between processes.
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable InputChannelCore {
+    @utf8InCpp String name;
+    ParcelFileDescriptor fd;
+    IBinder token;
+}
diff --git a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
index 0c850fe..174464d 100644
--- a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
+++ b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@
   namespace: "input"
   description: "Set to true to enable timer support for the touchpad Gestures library"
   bug: "297192727"
+ }
+
+ flag {
+  name: "enable_input_event_tracing"
+  namespace: "input"
+  description: "Set to true to enable input event tracing, including always-on tracing on non-user builds"
+  bug: "210460522"
 }
 
 flag {
diff --git a/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs b/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs
index 867af79..b1d7760 100644
--- a/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs
+++ b/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
         logger::init(
             logger::Config::default()
                 .with_tag_on_device("InputVerifier")
-                .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),
+                .with_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Trace),
         );
         Self {
             name: name.to_owned(),
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp
index 650c930..60feb53 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputChannel_test.cpp
@@ -32,37 +32,31 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+namespace {
+bool operator==(const InputChannel& left, const InputChannel& right) {
+    struct stat lhs, rhs;
+    if (fstat(left.getFd(), &lhs) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (fstat(right.getFd(), &rhs) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // If file descriptors are pointing to same inode they are duplicated fds.
+    return left.getName() == right.getName() &&
+            left.getConnectionToken() == right.getConnectionToken() && lhs.st_ino == rhs.st_ino;
+}
+} // namespace
+
 class InputChannelTest : public testing::Test {
 };
 
+TEST_F(InputChannelTest, ClientAndServerTokensMatch) {
+    std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> serverChannel, clientChannel;
 
-TEST_F(InputChannelTest, ConstructorAndDestructor_TakesOwnershipOfFileDescriptors) {
-    // Our purpose here is to verify that the input channel destructor closes the
-    // file descriptor provided to it.  One easy way is to provide it with one end
-    // of a pipe and to check for EPIPE on the other end after the channel is destroyed.
-    Pipe pipe;
-
-    android::base::unique_fd sendFd(pipe.sendFd);
-
-    std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel =
-            InputChannel::create("channel name", std::move(sendFd), new BBinder());
-
-    EXPECT_NE(inputChannel, nullptr) << "channel should be successfully created";
-    EXPECT_STREQ("channel name", inputChannel->getName().c_str())
-            << "channel should have provided name";
-    EXPECT_NE(-1, inputChannel->getFd()) << "channel should have valid fd";
-
-    // InputChannel should be the owner of the file descriptor now
-    ASSERT_FALSE(sendFd.ok());
-}
-
-TEST_F(InputChannelTest, SetAndGetToken) {
-    Pipe pipe;
-    sp<IBinder> token = new BBinder();
-    std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> channel =
-            InputChannel::create("test channel", android::base::unique_fd(pipe.sendFd), token);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(token, channel->getConnectionToken());
+    status_t result =
+            InputChannel::openInputChannelPair("channel name", serverChannel, clientChannel);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, result) << "should have successfully opened a channel pair";
+    EXPECT_EQ(serverChannel->getConnectionToken(), clientChannel->getConnectionToken());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputChannelTest, OpenInputChannelPair_ReturnsAPairOfConnectedChannels) {
@@ -71,8 +65,7 @@
     status_t result = InputChannel::openInputChannelPair("channel name",
             serverChannel, clientChannel);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, result)
-            << "should have successfully opened a channel pair";
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, result) << "should have successfully opened a channel pair";
 
     // Name
     EXPECT_STREQ("channel name (server)", serverChannel->getName().c_str())
@@ -235,25 +228,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputChannelTest, InputChannelParcelAndUnparcel) {
-    std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> serverChannel, clientChannel;
-
-    status_t result =
-            InputChannel::openInputChannelPair("channel parceling", serverChannel, clientChannel);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, result) << "should have successfully opened a channel pair";
-
-    InputChannel chan;
-    Parcel parcel;
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, serverChannel->writeToParcel(&parcel));
-    parcel.setDataPosition(0);
-    chan.readFromParcel(&parcel);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(chan == *serverChannel, true)
-            << "inputchannel should be equal after parceling and unparceling.\n"
-            << "name " << chan.getName() << " name " << serverChannel->getName();
-}
-
 TEST_F(InputChannelTest, DuplicateChannelAndAssertEqual) {
     std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> serverChannel, clientChannel;
 
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/rust/src/surface.rs b/libs/nativewindow/rust/src/surface.rs
index c812612..25fea80 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/rust/src/surface.rs
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/rust/src/surface.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,9 @@
 // SAFETY: The underlying *ANativeWindow can be moved between threads.
 unsafe impl Send for Surface {}
 
+// SAFETY: The underlying *ANativeWindow can be used from multiple threads concurrently.
+unsafe impl Sync for Surface {}
+
 /// An error code returned by methods on [`Surface`].
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ErrorCode(i32);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index fc84bbf..330cc66 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@
                                                   .fakeOutputDataspace = fakeDataspace}));
 
             // Turn on dithering when dimming beyond this (arbitrary) threshold...
-            static constexpr float kDimmingThreshold = 0.2f;
+            static constexpr float kDimmingThreshold = 0.9f;
             // ...or we're rendering an HDR layer down to an 8-bit target
             // Most HDR standards require at least 10-bits of color depth for source content, so we
             // can just extract the transfer function rather than dig into precise gralloc layout.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index 3af85c0..bff12ce 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
@@ -67,6 +69,13 @@
     DestroySemaphoreInfo(VkSemaphore semaphore) : mSemaphore(semaphore) {}
 };
 
+namespace {
+void onVkDeviceFault(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
+                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
+                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
+                     const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData);
+} // anonymous namespace
+
 struct VulkanInterface {
     bool initialized = false;
     VkInstance instance;
@@ -79,6 +88,7 @@
     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2* physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
     VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures* samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
     VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures* protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT* deviceFaultFeatures = nullptr;
     GrVkGetProc grGetProc;
     bool isProtected;
     bool isRealtimePriority;
@@ -100,6 +110,8 @@
         backendContext.fDeviceFeatures2 = physicalDeviceFeatures2;
         backendContext.fGetProc = grGetProc;
         backendContext.fProtectedContext = isProtected ? GrProtected::kYes : GrProtected::kNo;
+        backendContext.fDeviceLostContext = this; // VulkanInterface is long-lived
+        backendContext.fDeviceLostProc = onVkDeviceFault;
         return backendContext;
     };
 
@@ -178,6 +190,68 @@
     }
 };
 
+namespace {
+void onVkDeviceFault(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
+                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
+                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
+                     const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData) {
+    VulkanInterface* interface = static_cast<VulkanInterface*>(callbackContext);
+    const std::string protectedStr = interface->isProtected ? "protected" : "non-protected";
+    // The final crash string should contain as much differentiating info as possible, up to 1024
+    // bytes. As this final message is constructed, the same information is also dumped to the logs
+    // but in a more verbose format. Building the crash string is unsightly, so the clearer logging
+    // statement is always placed first to give context.
+    ALOGE("VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (%s context): %s", protectedStr.c_str(), description.c_str());
+    std::stringstream crashMsg;
+    crashMsg << "VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (" << protectedStr;
+
+    if (!addressInfos.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT:", addressInfos.size());
+        crashMsg << ", " << addressInfos.size() << " address info (";
+        for (VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT addressInfo : addressInfos) {
+            ALOGE(" addressType:       %d", (int)addressInfo.addressType);
+            ALOGE("  reportedAddress:  %" PRIu64, addressInfo.reportedAddress);
+            ALOGE("  addressPrecision: %" PRIu64, addressInfo.addressPrecision);
+            crashMsg << addressInfo.addressType << ":"
+                     << addressInfo.reportedAddress << ":"
+                     << addressInfo.addressPrecision << ", ";
+        }
+        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur); // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
+        crashMsg << ")";
+    }
+
+    if (!vendorInfos.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT:", vendorInfos.size());
+        crashMsg << ", " << vendorInfos.size() << " vendor info (";
+        for (VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT vendorInfo : vendorInfos) {
+            ALOGE(" description:      %s", vendorInfo.description);
+            ALOGE("  vendorFaultCode: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode);
+            ALOGE("  vendorFaultData: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultData);
+            // Omit descriptions for individual vendor info structs in the crash string, as the
+            // fault code and fault data fields should be enough for clustering, and the verbosity
+            // isn't worth it. Additionally, vendors may just set the general description field of
+            // the overall fault to the description of the first element in this list, and that
+            // overall description will be placed at the end of the crash string.
+            crashMsg << vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode << ":"
+                     << vendorInfo.vendorFaultData << ", ";
+        }
+        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur); // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
+        crashMsg << ")";
+    }
+
+    if (!vendorBinaryData.empty()) {
+        // TODO: b/322830575 - Log in base64, or dump directly to a file that gets put in bugreports
+        ALOGE("%zu bytes of vendor-specific binary data (please notify Android's Core Graphics"
+              " Stack team if you observe this message).",
+              vendorBinaryData.size());
+        crashMsg << ", " << vendorBinaryData.size() << " bytes binary";
+    }
+
+    crashMsg << "): " << description;
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s", crashMsg.str().c_str());
+};
+} // anonymous namespace
+
 static GrVkGetProc sGetProc = [](const char* proc_name, VkInstance instance, VkDevice device) {
     if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
         return vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name);
@@ -429,6 +503,14 @@
         tailPnext = &interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->pNext;
     }
 
+    if (interface.grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
+        interface.deviceFaultFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT;
+        interface.deviceFaultFeatures->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT;
+        interface.deviceFaultFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
+        *tailPnext = interface.deviceFaultFeatures;
+        tailPnext = &interface.deviceFaultFeatures->pNext;
+    }
+
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2);
     // Looks like this would slow things down and we can't depend on it on all platforms
     interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->features.robustBufferAccess = VK_FALSE;
@@ -545,6 +627,10 @@
         delete interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2;
     }
 
+    if (interface->deviceFaultFeatures) {
+        delete interface->deviceFaultFeatures;
+    }
+
     interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
     interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
     interface->protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
diff --git a/libs/sensor/Android.bp b/libs/sensor/Android.bp
index d992aa5..cc92bc3 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/sensor/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,18 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
 }
 
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "libsensor_flags",
+    package: "com.android.hardware.libsensor.flags",
+    srcs: ["libsensor_flags.aconfig"],
+}
+
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "libsensor_flags_c_lib",
+    host_supported: true,
+    aconfig_declarations: "libsensor_flags",
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libsensor",
 
@@ -52,6 +64,10 @@
         "android.companion.virtual.virtualdevice_aidl-cpp",
     ],
 
+    static_libs: [
+        "libsensor_flags_c_lib",
+    ],
+
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
diff --git a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
index b82a79f..9411e20 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
 #include <sensor/Sensor.h>
 #include <sensor/SensorEventQueue.h>
 
+#include <com_android_hardware_libsensor_flags.h>
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 namespace android {
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,6 +194,9 @@
 }
 
 status_t SensorManager::assertStateLocked() {
+#if COM_ANDROID_HARDWARE_LIBSENSOR_FLAGS(SENSORMANAGER_PING_BINDER)
+    if (mSensorServer == nullptr) {
+#else
     bool initSensorManager = false;
     if (mSensorServer == nullptr) {
         initSensorManager = true;
@@ -203,6 +208,7 @@
         }
     }
     if (initSensorManager) {
+#endif
         waitForSensorService(&mSensorServer);
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mSensorServer == nullptr, "getService(SensorService) NULL");
 
diff --git a/libs/sensor/libsensor_flags.aconfig b/libs/sensor/libsensor_flags.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef4d737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/sensor/libsensor_flags.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package: "com.android.hardware.libsensor.flags"
+
+flag {
+  name: "sensormanager_ping_binder"
+  namespace: "sensors"
+  description: "Whether to pingBinder on SensorManager init"
+  bug: "322228259"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
index a7955cf..2d6838b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libattestation",
+        "libperfetto_client_experimental",
         "libpalmrejection",
         "libui-types",
     ],
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
index 4863513..823df67 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
@@ -260,13 +260,16 @@
 }
 
 // Used by tests only.
-binder::Status InputManager::createInputChannel(const std::string& name, InputChannel* outChannel) {
+binder::Status InputManager::createInputChannel(const std::string& name,
+                                                android::os::InputChannelCore* outChannel) {
     IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
-    const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
+    const uid_t uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
     if (uid != AID_SHELL && uid != AID_ROOT) {
-        ALOGE("Invalid attempt to register input channel over IPC"
-                "from non shell/root entity (PID: %d)", ipc->getCallingPid());
-        return binder::Status::ok();
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " can only be called by SHELL or ROOT users, "
+                   << "but was called from UID " << uid;
+        return binder::Status::
+                fromExceptionCode(EX_SECURITY,
+                                  "This uid is not allowed to call createInputChannel");
     }
 
     base::Result<std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>> channel = mDispatcher->createInputChannel(name);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
index df944ef..c479aaf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
@@ -136,7 +136,8 @@
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
 
     status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) override;
-    binder::Status createInputChannel(const std::string& name, InputChannel* outChannel) override;
+    binder::Status createInputChannel(const std::string& name,
+                                      android::os::InputChannelCore* outChannel) override;
     binder::Status removeInputChannel(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) override;
     binder::Status setFocusedWindow(const gui::FocusRequest&) override;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
index c7bacee..582eeeb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
         "Monitor.cpp",
         "TouchedWindow.cpp",
         "TouchState.cpp",
+        "trace/*.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libattestation",
         "libgui_window_info_static",
+        "libperfetto_client_experimental",
     ],
     target: {
         android: {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
index f304712..6c603d4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
@@ -38,4 +38,8 @@
     return "?";
 }
 
+sp<IBinder> Connection::getToken() const {
+    return inputPublisher.getChannel()->getConnectionToken();
+};
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
index c17baea..d4fb9b5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
 
     inline const std::string getInputChannelName() const { return inputChannel->getName(); }
 
+    sp<IBinder> getToken() const;
+
     const std::string getWindowName() const;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index 2153d8a..264dc03 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -282,9 +282,10 @@
 volatile int32_t DispatchEntry::sNextSeqAtomic;
 
 DispatchEntry::DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry,
-                             ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
+                             ftl::Flags<InputTargetFlags> targetFlags,
                              const ui::Transform& transform, const ui::Transform& rawTransform,
-                             float globalScaleFactor)
+                             float globalScaleFactor, gui::Uid targetUid, int64_t vsyncId,
+                             std::optional<int32_t> windowId)
       : seq(nextSeq()),
         eventEntry(std::move(eventEntry)),
         targetFlags(targetFlags),
@@ -292,7 +293,10 @@
         rawTransform(rawTransform),
         globalScaleFactor(globalScaleFactor),
         deliveryTime(0),
-        resolvedFlags(0) {
+        resolvedFlags(0),
+        targetUid(targetUid),
+        vsyncId(vsyncId),
+        windowId(windowId) {
     switch (this->eventEntry->type) {
         case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
             const KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(*this->eventEntry);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index a915805..1298b5d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "InjectionState.h"
-#include "InputTarget.h"
+#include "InputTargetFlags.h"
 #include "trace/EventTrackerInterface.h"
 
 #include <gui/InputApplication.h>
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
     const uint32_t seq; // unique sequence number, never 0
 
     std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry; // the event to dispatch
-    const ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags;
+    const ftl::Flags<InputTargetFlags> targetFlags;
     ui::Transform transform;
     ui::Transform rawTransform;
     float globalScaleFactor;
@@ -227,17 +227,27 @@
 
     int32_t resolvedFlags;
 
+    // Information about the dispatch window used for tracing. We avoid holding a window handle
+    // here because information in a window handle may be dynamically updated within the lifespan
+    // of this dispatch entry.
+    gui::Uid targetUid;
+    int64_t vsyncId;
+    // The window that this event is targeting. The only case when this windowId is not populated
+    // is when dispatching an event to a global monitor.
+    std::optional<int32_t> windowId;
+
     DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry,
-                  ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags, const ui::Transform& transform,
-                  const ui::Transform& rawTransform, float globalScaleFactor);
+                  ftl::Flags<InputTargetFlags> targetFlags, const ui::Transform& transform,
+                  const ui::Transform& rawTransform, float globalScaleFactor, gui::Uid targetUid,
+                  int64_t vsyncId, std::optional<int32_t> windowId);
     DispatchEntry(const DispatchEntry&) = delete;
     DispatchEntry& operator=(const DispatchEntry&) = delete;
 
     inline bool hasForegroundTarget() const {
-        return targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND);
+        return targetFlags.test(InputTargetFlags::FOREGROUND);
     }
 
-    inline bool isSplit() const { return targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::SPLIT); }
+    inline bool isSplit() const { return targetFlags.test(InputTargetFlags::SPLIT); }
 
 private:
     static volatile int32_t sNextSeqAtomic;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index c349a58..d46c059 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <input/TraceTools.h>
 #include <openssl/mem.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@
 #include "Connection.h"
 #include "DebugConfig.h"
 #include "InputDispatcher.h"
+#include "trace/InputTracer.h"
+#include "trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h"
 
 #define INDENT "  "
 #define INDENT2 "    "
@@ -75,6 +78,14 @@
 
 namespace {
 
+// Input tracing is only available on debuggable builds (userdebug and eng) when the feature
+// flag is enabled. When the flag is changed, tracing will only be available after reboot.
+bool isInputTracingEnabled() {
+    static const std::string buildType = base::GetProperty("ro.build.type", "user");
+    static const bool isUserdebugOrEng = buildType == "userdebug" || buildType == "eng";
+    return input_flags::enable_input_event_tracing() && isUserdebugOrEng;
+}
+
 template <class Entry>
 void ensureEventTraced(const Entry& entry) {
     if (!entry.traceTracker) {
@@ -359,14 +370,22 @@
     return i;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> createDispatchEntry(
-        const InputTarget& inputTarget, std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry,
-        ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> inputTargetFlags) {
+std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> createDispatchEntry(const InputTarget& inputTarget,
+                                                   std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry,
+                                                   ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> inputTargetFlags,
+                                                   int64_t vsyncId) {
+    const sp<WindowInfoHandle> win = inputTarget.windowHandle;
+    const std::optional<int32_t> windowId =
+            win ? std::make_optional(win->getInfo()->id) : std::nullopt;
+    // Assume the only targets that are not associated with a window are global monitors, and use
+    // the system UID for global monitors for tracing purposes.
+    const gui::Uid uid = win ? win->getInfo()->ownerUid : gui::Uid(AID_SYSTEM);
     if (inputTarget.useDefaultPointerTransform()) {
         const ui::Transform& transform = inputTarget.getDefaultPointerTransform();
         return std::make_unique<DispatchEntry>(eventEntry, inputTargetFlags, transform,
                                                inputTarget.displayTransform,
-                                               inputTarget.globalScaleFactor);
+                                               inputTarget.globalScaleFactor, uid, vsyncId,
+                                               windowId);
     }
 
     ALOG_ASSERT(eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION);
@@ -413,7 +432,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry =
             std::make_unique<DispatchEntry>(std::move(combinedMotionEntry), inputTargetFlags,
                                             firstPointerTransform, inputTarget.displayTransform,
-                                            inputTarget.globalScaleFactor);
+                                            inputTarget.globalScaleFactor, uid, vsyncId, windowId);
     return dispatchEntry;
 }
 
@@ -709,7 +728,7 @@
             // TODO(b/282025641): simplify this code once InputTargets are being identified
             // separately from TouchedWindows.
             std::erase_if(targets, [&](const InputTarget& target) {
-                return target.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() == window.windowHandle->getToken();
+                return target.connection->getToken() == window.windowHandle->getToken();
             });
             return true;
         }
@@ -804,7 +823,9 @@
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
 
 InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy)
-      : InputDispatcher(policy, nullptr) {}
+      : InputDispatcher(policy,
+                        isInputTracingEnabled() ? std::make_unique<trace::impl::PerfettoBackend>()
+                                                : nullptr) {}
 
 InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy,
                                  std::unique_ptr<trace::InputTracingBackendInterface> traceBackend)
@@ -833,7 +854,7 @@
     mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry = nullptr;
 
     if (traceBackend) {
-        // TODO: Create input tracer instance.
+        mTracer = std::make_unique<trace::impl::InputTracer>(std::move(traceBackend));
     }
 
     mLastUserActivityTimes.fill(0);
@@ -849,7 +870,7 @@
 
     while (!mConnectionsByToken.empty()) {
         std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = mConnectionsByToken.begin()->second;
-        removeInputChannelLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(), /*notify=*/false);
+        removeInputChannelLocked(connection->getToken(), /*notify=*/false);
     }
 }
 
@@ -969,7 +990,7 @@
     }
     connection->responsive = false;
     // Stop waking up for this unresponsive connection
-    mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->getToken());
     onAnrLocked(connection);
     return LLONG_MIN;
 }
@@ -979,8 +1000,7 @@
     if (connection->monitor) {
         return mMonitorDispatchingTimeout;
     }
-    const sp<WindowInfoHandle> window =
-            getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    const sp<WindowInfoHandle> window = getWindowHandleLocked(connection->getToken());
     if (window != nullptr) {
         return window->getDispatchingTimeout(DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
     }
@@ -1602,15 +1622,15 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::dispatchFocusLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                           std::shared_ptr<const FocusEntry> entry) {
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel = getInputChannelLocked(entry->connectionToken);
-    if (channel == nullptr) {
-        return; // Window has gone away
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(entry->connectionToken);
+    if (connection == nullptr) {
+        return; // Connection has gone away
     }
     InputTarget target;
-    target.inputChannel = channel;
+    target.connection = connection;
     entry->dispatchInProgress = true;
     std::string message = std::string("Focus ") + (entry->hasFocus ? "entering " : "leaving ") +
-            channel->getName();
+            connection->getInputChannelName();
     std::string reason = std::string("reason=").append(entry->reason);
     android_log_event_list(LOGTAG_INPUT_FOCUS) << message << reason << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
     dispatchEventLocked(currentTime, entry, {target});
@@ -1670,8 +1690,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    auto channel = getInputChannelLocked(token);
-    if (channel == nullptr) {
+    auto connection = getConnectionLocked(token);
+    if (connection == nullptr) {
         // Window has gone away, clean up Pointer Capture state.
         mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture = nullptr;
         if (mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable) {
@@ -1680,7 +1700,7 @@
         return;
     }
     InputTarget target;
-    target.inputChannel = channel;
+    target.connection = connection;
     entry->dispatchInProgress = true;
     dispatchEventLocked(currentTime, entry, {target});
 
@@ -1711,12 +1731,12 @@
         if (token == nullptr) {
             continue;
         }
-        std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel = getInputChannelLocked(token);
-        if (channel == nullptr) {
-            continue; // Window has gone away
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(token);
+        if (connection == nullptr) {
+            continue; // Connection has gone away
         }
         InputTarget target;
-        target.inputChannel = channel;
+        target.connection = connection;
         inputTargets.push_back(target);
     }
     return inputTargets;
@@ -1961,6 +1981,7 @@
                 isPointerEvent ? CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS
                                : CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS);
         CancelationOptions options(mode, "input event injection failed");
+        options.displayId = entry->displayId;
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForMonitorsLocked(options);
         return true;
     }
@@ -1993,12 +2014,12 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::dispatchDragLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                          std::shared_ptr<const DragEntry> entry) {
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel = getInputChannelLocked(entry->connectionToken);
-    if (channel == nullptr) {
-        return; // Window has gone away
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(entry->connectionToken);
+    if (connection == nullptr) {
+        return; // Connection has gone away
     }
     InputTarget target;
-    target.inputChannel = channel;
+    target.connection = connection;
     entry->dispatchInProgress = true;
     dispatchEventLocked(currentTime, entry, {target});
 }
@@ -2051,17 +2072,8 @@
     pokeUserActivityLocked(*eventEntry);
 
     for (const InputTarget& inputTarget : inputTargets) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
-                getConnectionLocked(inputTarget.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
-        if (connection != nullptr) {
-            prepareDispatchCycleLocked(currentTime, connection, eventEntry, inputTarget);
-        } else {
-            if (DEBUG_DROPPED_EVENTS_VERBOSE) {
-                LOG(INFO) << "Dropping event delivery to target with channel "
-                          << inputTarget.inputChannel->getName()
-                          << " because it is no longer registered with the input dispatcher.";
-            }
-        }
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = inputTarget.connection;
+        prepareDispatchCycleLocked(currentTime, connection, eventEntry, inputTarget);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2255,14 +2267,8 @@
         const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors) const {
     std::vector<Monitor> responsiveMonitors;
     std::copy_if(monitors.begin(), monitors.end(), std::back_inserter(responsiveMonitors),
-                 [this](const Monitor& monitor) REQUIRES(mLock) {
-                     std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
-                             getConnectionLocked(monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
-                     if (connection == nullptr) {
-                         ALOGE("Could not find connection for monitor %s",
-                               monitor.inputChannel->getName().c_str());
-                         return false;
-                     }
+                 [](const Monitor& monitor) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                     std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = monitor.connection;
                      if (!connection->responsive) {
                          ALOGW("Unresponsive monitor %s will not get the new gesture",
                                connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str());
@@ -2642,7 +2648,7 @@
             for (InputTarget& target : targets) {
                 if (target.dispatchMode == InputTarget::DispatchMode::OUTSIDE) {
                     sp<WindowInfoHandle> targetWindow =
-                            getWindowHandleLocked(target.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                            getWindowHandleLocked(target.connection->getToken());
                     if (targetWindow->getInfo()->ownerUid != foregroundWindowUid) {
                         target.flags |= InputTarget::Flags::ZERO_COORDS;
                     }
@@ -2840,13 +2846,13 @@
         const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
         InputTarget::DispatchMode dispatchMode, ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
         std::optional<nsecs_t> firstDownTimeInTarget) const {
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel = getInputChannelLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
-    if (inputChannel == nullptr) {
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
+    if (connection == nullptr) {
         ALOGW("Not creating InputTarget for %s, no input channel", windowHandle->getName().c_str());
         return {};
     }
     InputTarget inputTarget;
-    inputTarget.inputChannel = inputChannel;
+    inputTarget.connection = connection;
     inputTarget.windowHandle = windowHandle;
     inputTarget.dispatchMode = dispatchMode;
     inputTarget.flags = targetFlags;
@@ -2870,8 +2876,7 @@
     std::vector<InputTarget>::iterator it =
             std::find_if(inputTargets.begin(), inputTargets.end(),
                          [&windowHandle](const InputTarget& inputTarget) {
-                             return inputTarget.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() ==
-                                     windowHandle->getToken();
+                             return inputTarget.connection->getToken() == windowHandle->getToken();
                          });
 
     const WindowInfo* windowInfo = windowHandle->getInfo();
@@ -2911,8 +2916,7 @@
     std::vector<InputTarget>::iterator it =
             std::find_if(inputTargets.begin(), inputTargets.end(),
                          [&windowHandle](const InputTarget& inputTarget) {
-                             return inputTarget.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() ==
-                                     windowHandle->getToken();
+                             return inputTarget.connection->getToken() == windowHandle->getToken();
                          });
 
     // This is a hack, because the actual entry could potentially be an ACTION_DOWN event that
@@ -2962,7 +2966,7 @@
 
     for (const Monitor& monitor : selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(monitorsIt->second)) {
         InputTarget target;
-        target.inputChannel = monitor.inputChannel;
+        target.connection = monitor.connection;
         // target.firstDownTimeInTarget is not set for global monitors. It is only required in split
         // touch and global monitoring works as intended even without setting firstDownTimeInTarget
         if (const auto& it = mDisplayInfos.find(displayId); it != mDisplayInfos.end()) {
@@ -3333,10 +3337,11 @@
 void InputDispatcher::enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
                                                  std::shared_ptr<const EventEntry> eventEntry,
                                                  const InputTarget& inputTarget) {
+    // TODO(b/210460522): Verify all targets excluding global monitors are associated with a window.
     // This is a new event.
     // Enqueue a new dispatch entry onto the outbound queue for this connection.
     std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry =
-            createDispatchEntry(inputTarget, eventEntry, inputTarget.flags);
+            createDispatchEntry(inputTarget, eventEntry, inputTarget.flags, mWindowInfosVsyncId);
 
     // Use the eventEntry from dispatchEntry since the entry may have changed and can now be a
     // different EventEntry than what was passed in.
@@ -3455,7 +3460,7 @@
                           << cancelEvent->getDescription();
                 std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> cancelDispatchEntry =
                         createDispatchEntry(inputTarget, std::move(cancelEvent),
-                                            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags>());
+                                            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags>(), mWindowInfosVsyncId);
 
                 // Send these cancel events to the queue before sending the event from the new
                 // device.
@@ -3476,7 +3481,7 @@
             }
 
             dispatchPointerDownOutsideFocus(resolvedMotion->source, resolvedMotion->action,
-                                            inputTarget.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                                            inputTarget.connection->getToken());
 
             break;
         }
@@ -3559,13 +3564,9 @@
             continue; // Skip windows that receive ACTION_OUTSIDE
         }
 
-        sp<IBinder> token = target.inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
-        std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(token);
-        if (connection == nullptr) {
-            continue;
-        }
+        sp<IBinder> token = target.connection->getToken();
         newConnectionTokens.insert(std::move(token));
-        newConnections.emplace_back(connection);
+        newConnections.emplace_back(target.connection);
         if (target.windowHandle) {
             interactionUids.emplace(target.windowHandle->getInfo()->ownerUid);
         }
@@ -3799,7 +3800,7 @@
         connection->outboundQueue.erase(connection->outboundQueue.begin());
         traceOutboundQueueLength(*connection);
         if (connection->responsive) {
-            mAnrTracker.insert(timeoutTime, connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+            mAnrTracker.insert(timeoutTime, connection->getToken());
         }
         traceWaitQueueLength(*connection);
     }
@@ -3889,7 +3890,7 @@
 
             auto command = [this, connection]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
                 scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-                mPolicy.notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                mPolicy.notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->getToken());
             };
             postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
         }
@@ -3947,10 +3948,9 @@
                 if (shouldReportMetricsForConnection(*connection)) {
                     const InputPublisher::Timeline& timeline =
                             std::get<InputPublisher::Timeline>(*result);
-                    mLatencyTracker
-                            .trackGraphicsLatency(timeline.inputEventId,
-                                                  connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                                  std::move(timeline.graphicsTimeline));
+                    mLatencyTracker.trackGraphicsLatency(timeline.inputEventId,
+                                                         connection->getToken(),
+                                                         std::move(timeline.graphicsTimeline));
                 }
             }
             gotOne = true;
@@ -3971,8 +3971,7 @@
     } else {
         // Monitor channels are never explicitly unregistered.
         // We do it automatically when the remote endpoint is closed so don't warn about them.
-        const bool stillHaveWindowHandle =
-                getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken()) != nullptr;
+        const bool stillHaveWindowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(connection->getToken()) != nullptr;
         notify = !connection->monitor && stillHaveWindowHandle;
         if (notify) {
             ALOGW("channel '%s' ~ Consumer closed input channel or an error occurred.  events=0x%x",
@@ -3981,7 +3980,7 @@
     }
 
     // Remove the channel.
-    removeInputChannelLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(), notify);
+    removeInputChannelLocked(connection->getToken(), notify);
     return 0; // remove the callback
 }
 
@@ -3996,21 +3995,11 @@
         const CancelationOptions& options) {
     for (const auto& [_, monitors] : mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay) {
         for (const Monitor& monitor : monitors) {
-            synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(monitor.inputChannel, options);
+            synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(monitor.connection, options);
         }
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(
-        const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel, const CancelationOptions& options) {
-    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(channel->getConnectionToken());
-    if (connection == nullptr) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
-}
-
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(
         const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, const CancelationOptions& options) {
     if (connection->status != Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
@@ -4039,8 +4028,8 @@
 
     const bool wasEmpty = connection->outboundQueue.empty();
     // The target to use if we don't find a window associated with the channel.
-    const InputTarget fallbackTarget{.inputChannel = connection->inputChannel};
-    const auto& token = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
+    const InputTarget fallbackTarget{.connection = connection};
+    const auto& token = connection->getToken();
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cancelationEvents.size(); i++) {
         std::unique_ptr<EventEntry> cancelationEventEntry = std::move(cancelationEvents[i]);
@@ -4141,8 +4130,7 @@
               connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), downEvents.size());
     }
 
-    sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle =
-            getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(connection->getToken());
 
     const bool wasEmpty = connection->outboundQueue.empty();
     for (std::unique_ptr<EventEntry>& downEventEntry : downEvents) {
@@ -4160,8 +4148,8 @@
                                                  targetFlags, pointerIds, motionEntry.downTime,
                                                  targets);
                 } else {
-                    targets.emplace_back(InputTarget{.inputChannel = connection->inputChannel,
-                                                     .flags = targetFlags});
+                    targets.emplace_back(
+                            InputTarget{.connection = connection, .flags = targetFlags});
                     const auto it = mDisplayInfos.find(motionEntry.displayId);
                     if (it != mDisplayInfos.end()) {
                         targets.back().displayTransform = it->second.transform;
@@ -5118,15 +5106,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> InputDispatcher::getInputChannelLocked(
-        const sp<IBinder>& token) const {
-    auto connectionIt = mConnectionsByToken.find(token);
-    if (connectionIt == mConnectionsByToken.end()) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return connectionIt->second->inputChannel;
-}
-
 void InputDispatcher::updateWindowHandlesForDisplayLocked(
         const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowInfoHandles, int32_t displayId) {
     if (windowInfoHandles.empty()) {
@@ -5146,7 +5125,7 @@
     std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> newHandles;
     for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& handle : windowInfoHandles) {
         const WindowInfo* info = handle->getInfo();
-        if (getInputChannelLocked(handle->getToken()) == nullptr) {
+        if (getConnectionLocked(handle->getToken()) == nullptr) {
             const bool noInputChannel =
                     info->inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL);
             const bool canReceiveInput =
@@ -5245,12 +5224,12 @@
             if (getWindowHandleLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle) == nullptr) {
                 LOG(INFO) << "Touched window was removed: " << touchedWindow.windowHandle->getName()
                           << " in display %" << displayId;
-                std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> touchedInputChannel =
-                        getInputChannelLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle->getToken());
-                if (touchedInputChannel != nullptr) {
+                std::shared_ptr<Connection> touchedConnection =
+                        getConnectionLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle->getToken());
+                if (touchedConnection != nullptr) {
                     CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                                "touched window was removed");
-                    synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(touchedInputChannel, options);
+                    synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(touchedConnection, options);
                     // Since we are about to drop the touch, cancel the events for the wallpaper as
                     // well.
                     if (touchedWindow.targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND) &&
@@ -5355,14 +5334,13 @@
             sp<IBinder> oldFocusedWindowToken =
                     mFocusResolver.getFocusedWindowToken(mFocusedDisplayId);
             if (oldFocusedWindowToken != nullptr) {
-                std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel =
-                        getInputChannelLocked(oldFocusedWindowToken);
-                if (inputChannel != nullptr) {
+                std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(oldFocusedWindowToken);
+                if (connection != nullptr) {
                     CancelationOptions
                             options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                     "The display which contains this window no longer has focus.");
                     options.displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
-                    synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(inputChannel, options);
+                    synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
                 }
             }
             mFocusedDisplayId = displayId;
@@ -5827,7 +5805,7 @@
         for (const auto& [token, connection] : mConnectionsByToken) {
             dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "%i: channelName='%s', windowName='%s', "
                                          "status=%s, monitor=%s, responsive=%s\n",
-                                 connection->inputChannel->getFd().get(),
+                                 connection->inputChannel->getFd(),
                                  connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(),
                                  connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
                                  ftl::enum_string(connection->status).c_str(),
@@ -5883,8 +5861,8 @@
     const size_t numMonitors = monitors.size();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < numMonitors; i++) {
         const Monitor& monitor = monitors[i];
-        const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel = monitor.inputChannel;
-        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "%zu: '%s', ", i, channel->getName().c_str());
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection = monitor.connection;
+        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "%zu: '%s', ", i, connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
         dump += "\n";
     }
 }
@@ -5914,20 +5892,20 @@
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         const sp<IBinder>& token = serverChannel->getConnectionToken();
-        auto&& fd = serverChannel->getFd();
+        const int fd = serverChannel->getFd();
         std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
                 std::make_shared<Connection>(std::move(serverChannel), /*monitor=*/false,
                                              mIdGenerator);
 
-        if (mConnectionsByToken.find(token) != mConnectionsByToken.end()) {
+        auto [_, inserted] = mConnectionsByToken.try_emplace(token, connection);
+        if (!inserted) {
             ALOGE("Created a new connection, but the token %p is already known", token.get());
         }
-        mConnectionsByToken.emplace(token, connection);
 
         std::function<int(int events)> callback = std::bind(&InputDispatcher::handleReceiveCallback,
                                                             this, std::placeholders::_1, token);
 
-        mLooper->addFd(fd.get(), 0, ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT, sp<LooperEventCallback>::make(callback),
+        mLooper->addFd(fd, 0, ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT, sp<LooperEventCallback>::make(callback),
                        nullptr);
     } // release lock
 
@@ -5957,18 +5935,19 @@
         std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
                 std::make_shared<Connection>(serverChannel, /*monitor=*/true, mIdGenerator);
         const sp<IBinder>& token = serverChannel->getConnectionToken();
-        auto&& fd = serverChannel->getFd();
+        const int fd = serverChannel->getFd();
 
-        if (mConnectionsByToken.find(token) != mConnectionsByToken.end()) {
+        auto [_, inserted] = mConnectionsByToken.emplace(token, connection);
+        if (!inserted) {
             ALOGE("Created a new connection, but the token %p is already known", token.get());
         }
-        mConnectionsByToken.emplace(token, connection);
+
         std::function<int(int events)> callback = std::bind(&InputDispatcher::handleReceiveCallback,
                                                             this, std::placeholders::_1, token);
 
-        mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay[displayId].emplace_back(serverChannel, pid);
+        mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay[displayId].emplace_back(connection, pid);
 
-        mLooper->addFd(fd.get(), 0, ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT, sp<LooperEventCallback>::make(callback),
+        mLooper->addFd(fd, 0, ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT, sp<LooperEventCallback>::make(callback),
                        nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -6007,7 +5986,7 @@
         removeMonitorChannelLocked(connectionToken);
     }
 
-    mLooper->removeFd(connection->inputChannel->getFd().get());
+    mLooper->removeFd(connection->inputChannel->getFd());
 
     nsecs_t currentTime = now();
     abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(currentTime, connection, notify);
@@ -6020,7 +5999,7 @@
     for (auto it = mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay.begin(); it != mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay.end();) {
         auto& [displayId, monitors] = *it;
         std::erase_if(monitors, [connectionToken](const Monitor& monitor) {
-            return monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() == connectionToken;
+            return monitor.connection->getToken() == connectionToken;
         });
 
         if (monitors.empty()) {
@@ -6037,8 +6016,8 @@
 }
 
 status_t InputDispatcher::pilferPointersLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
-    const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> requestingChannel = getInputChannelLocked(token);
-    if (!requestingChannel) {
+    const std::shared_ptr<Connection> requestingConnection = getConnectionLocked(token);
+    if (!requestingConnection) {
         LOG(WARNING)
                 << "Attempted to pilfer pointers from an un-registered channel or invalid token";
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -6071,16 +6050,16 @@
 
         std::string canceledWindows;
         for (const TouchedWindow& w : state.windows) {
-            const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel =
-                    getInputChannelLocked(w.windowHandle->getToken());
-            if (channel != nullptr && channel->getConnectionToken() != token) {
-                synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(channel, options);
+            const std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection =
+                    getConnectionLocked(w.windowHandle->getToken());
+            if (connection != nullptr && connection->getToken() != token) {
+                synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
                 canceledWindows += canceledWindows.empty() ? "[" : ", ";
-                canceledWindows += channel->getName();
+                canceledWindows += connection->getInputChannelName();
             }
         }
         canceledWindows += canceledWindows.empty() ? "[]" : "]";
-        LOG(INFO) << "Channel " << requestingChannel->getName()
+        LOG(INFO) << "Channel " << requestingConnection->getInputChannelName()
                   << " is stealing input gesture for device " << deviceId << " from "
                   << canceledWindows;
 
@@ -6146,7 +6125,7 @@
 std::optional<gui::Pid> InputDispatcher::findMonitorPidByTokenLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
     for (const auto& [_, monitors] : mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay) {
         for (const Monitor& monitor : monitors) {
-            if (monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() == token) {
+            if (monitor.connection->getToken() == token) {
                 return monitor.pid;
             }
         }
@@ -6178,8 +6157,8 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::removeConnectionLocked(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection) {
-    mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
-    mConnectionsByToken.erase(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->getToken());
+    mConnectionsByToken.erase(connection->getToken());
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(nsecs_t finishTime,
@@ -6205,8 +6184,7 @@
                   ns2ms(eventDuration), dispatchEntry.eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
         }
         if (shouldReportFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry, *connection)) {
-            mLatencyTracker.trackFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry.eventEntry->id,
-                                               connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+            mLatencyTracker.trackFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry.eventEntry->id, connection->getToken(),
                                                dispatchEntry.deliveryTime, consumeTime, finishTime);
         }
 
@@ -6227,7 +6205,7 @@
         std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry = std::move(*entryIt);
         connection->waitQueue.erase(entryIt);
 
-        const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
+        const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection->getToken();
         mAnrTracker.erase(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime, connectionToken);
         if (!connection->responsive) {
             connection->responsive = isConnectionResponsive(*connection);
@@ -6238,8 +6216,7 @@
         }
         traceWaitQueueLength(*connection);
         if (fallbackKeyEntry && connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
-            const InputTarget target{.inputChannel = connection->inputChannel,
-                                     .flags = dispatchEntry->targetFlags};
+            const InputTarget target{.connection = connection, .flags = dispatchEntry->targetFlags};
             enqueueDispatchEntryLocked(connection, std::move(fallbackKeyEntry), target);
         }
         releaseDispatchEntry(std::move(dispatchEntry));
@@ -6292,7 +6269,7 @@
                                         connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str(),
                                         ns2ms(currentWait),
                                         oldestEntry.eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
-    sp<IBinder> connectionToken = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
+    sp<IBinder> connectionToken = connection->getToken();
     updateLastAnrStateLocked(getWindowHandleLocked(connectionToken), reason);
 
     processConnectionUnresponsiveLocked(*connection, std::move(reason));
@@ -6391,7 +6368,7 @@
  */
 void InputDispatcher::processConnectionUnresponsiveLocked(const Connection& connection,
                                                           std::string reason) {
-    const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection.inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
+    const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection.getToken();
     std::optional<gui::Pid> pid;
     if (connection.monitor) {
         ALOGW("Monitor %s is unresponsive: %s", connection.inputChannel->getName().c_str(),
@@ -6413,7 +6390,7 @@
  * Tell the policy that a connection has become responsive so that it can stop ANR.
  */
 void InputDispatcher::processConnectionResponsiveLocked(const Connection& connection) {
-    const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection.inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
+    const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection.getToken();
     std::optional<gui::Pid> pid;
     if (connection.monitor) {
         pid = findMonitorPidByTokenLocked(connectionToken);
@@ -6464,8 +6441,8 @@
             mLock.unlock();
 
             if (const auto unhandledKeyFallback =
-                        mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                                     event, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+                        mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->getToken(), event,
+                                                     keyEntry.policyFlags);
                 unhandledKeyFallback) {
                 event = *unhandledKeyFallback;
             }
@@ -6509,8 +6486,8 @@
         mLock.unlock();
 
         bool fallback = false;
-        if (auto fb = mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                                   event, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+        if (auto fb = mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->getToken(), event,
+                                                   keyEntry.policyFlags);
             fb) {
             fallback = true;
             event = *fb;
@@ -6697,11 +6674,11 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::onFocusChangedLocked(const FocusResolver::FocusChanges& changes) {
     if (changes.oldFocus) {
-        std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> focusedInputChannel = getInputChannelLocked(changes.oldFocus);
-        if (focusedInputChannel) {
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> focusedConnection = getConnectionLocked(changes.oldFocus);
+        if (focusedConnection) {
             CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                        "focus left window");
-            synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(focusedInputChannel, options);
+            synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(focusedConnection, options);
             enqueueFocusEventLocked(changes.oldFocus, /*hasFocus=*/false, changes.reason);
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index e635852..155d485 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -369,8 +369,6 @@
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getWindowHandleLocked(
             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) const REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> getInputChannelLocked(const sp<IBinder>& windowToken) const
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getFocusedWindowHandleLocked(int displayId) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool canWindowReceiveMotionLocked(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& window,
@@ -617,9 +615,6 @@
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     void synthesizeCancelationEventsForMonitorsLocked(const CancelationOptions& options)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(
-            const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& channel, const CancelationOptions& options)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
     void synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(
             const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, const CancelationOptions& options)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp
index c02c5d6..28e3c6d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@
 }
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const InputTarget& target) {
-    out << "{inputChannel=";
-    if (target.inputChannel != nullptr) {
-        out << target.inputChannel->getName();
+    out << "{connection=";
+    if (target.connection != nullptr) {
+        out << target.connection->getInputChannelName();
     } else {
         out << "<null>";
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
index aef866b..5728bdf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@
 #include <ftl/flags.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
 #include <gui/constants.h>
-#include <input/InputTransport.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
 #include <bitset>
+#include "Connection.h"
+#include "InputTargetFlags.h"
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
@@ -33,29 +34,7 @@
  * window area.
  */
 struct InputTarget {
-    enum class Flags : uint32_t {
-        /* This flag indicates that the event is being delivered to a foreground application. */
-        FOREGROUND = 1 << 0,
-
-        /* This flag indicates that the MotionEvent falls within the area of the target
-         * obscured by another visible window above it.  The motion event should be
-         * delivered with flag AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED. */
-        WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED = 1 << 1,
-
-        /* This flag indicates that a motion event is being split across multiple windows. */
-        SPLIT = 1 << 2,
-
-        /* This flag indicates that the pointer coordinates dispatched to the application
-         * will be zeroed out to avoid revealing information to an application. This is
-         * used in conjunction with FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE to prevent apps not sharing
-         * the same UID from watching all touches. */
-        ZERO_COORDS = 1 << 3,
-
-        /* This flag indicates that the target of a MotionEvent is partly or wholly
-         * obscured by another visible window above it.  The motion event should be
-         * delivered with flag AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED. */
-        WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED = 1 << 14,
-    };
+    using Flags = InputTargetFlags;
 
     enum class DispatchMode {
         /* This flag indicates that the event should be sent as is.
@@ -85,8 +64,8 @@
         ftl_last = SLIPPERY_ENTER,
     };
 
-    // The input channel to be targeted.
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel;
+    // The input connection to be targeted.
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection;
 
     // Flags for the input target.
     ftl::Flags<Flags> flags;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTargetFlags.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTargetFlags.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7497543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTargetFlags.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ftl/flags.h>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher {
+
+enum class InputTargetFlags : uint32_t {
+    /* This flag indicates that the event is being delivered to a foreground application. */
+    FOREGROUND = 1 << 0,
+
+    /* This flag indicates that the MotionEvent falls within the area of the target
+     * obscured by another visible window above it.  The motion event should be
+     * delivered with flag AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED. */
+    WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED = 1 << 1,
+
+    /* This flag indicates that a motion event is being split across multiple windows. */
+    SPLIT = 1 << 2,
+
+    /* This flag indicates that the pointer coordinates dispatched to the application
+     * will be zeroed out to avoid revealing information to an application. This is
+     * used in conjunction with FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE to prevent apps not sharing
+     * the same UID from watching all touches. */
+    ZERO_COORDS = 1 << 3,
+
+    /* This flag indicates that the target of a MotionEvent is partly or wholly
+     * obscured by another visible window above it.  The motion event should be
+     * delivered with flag AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED. */
+    WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED = 1 << 14,
+};
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp
index 204791e..4e77d90 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
 // --- Monitor ---
-Monitor::Monitor(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& inputChannel, gui::Pid pid)
-      : inputChannel(inputChannel), pid(pid) {}
+Monitor::Monitor(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, gui::Pid pid)
+      : connection(connection), pid(pid) {}
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h
index 1b1eb3a..d15a222 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h
@@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <gui/PidUid.h>
-#include <input/InputTransport.h>
+#include "Connection.h"
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
 struct Monitor {
-    std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel; // never null
+    std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection; // never null
 
     gui::Pid pid;
 
-    explicit Monitor(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& inputChannel, gui::Pid pid);
+    explicit Monitor(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, gui::Pid pid);
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a61fa85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <perfetto/trace/android/android_input_event.pbzero.h>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace {
+
+void AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                                         proto::AndroidMotionEvent& outProto) {
+    outProto.set_event_id(event.id);
+    outProto.set_event_time_nanos(event.eventTime);
+    outProto.set_down_time_nanos(event.downTime);
+    outProto.set_source(event.source);
+    outProto.set_action(event.action);
+    outProto.set_device_id(event.deviceId);
+    outProto.set_display_id(event.displayId);
+    outProto.set_classification(static_cast<int32_t>(event.classification));
+    outProto.set_cursor_position_x(event.xCursorPosition);
+    outProto.set_cursor_position_y(event.yCursorPosition);
+    outProto.set_flags(event.flags);
+    outProto.set_policy_flags(event.policyFlags);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < event.pointerProperties.size(); i++) {
+        auto* pointer = outProto.add_pointer();
+
+        const auto& props = event.pointerProperties[i];
+        pointer->set_pointer_id(props.id);
+        pointer->set_tool_type(static_cast<int32_t>(props.toolType));
+
+        const auto& coords = event.pointerCoords[i];
+        auto bits = BitSet64(coords.bits);
+        for (int32_t axisIndex = 0; !bits.isEmpty(); axisIndex++) {
+            const auto axis = bits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
+            auto axisEntry = pointer->add_axis_value();
+            axisEntry->set_axis(axis);
+            axisEntry->set_value(coords.values[axisIndex]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event,
+                                                      proto::AndroidKeyEvent& outProto) {
+    outProto.set_event_id(event.id);
+    outProto.set_event_time_nanos(event.eventTime);
+    outProto.set_down_time_nanos(event.downTime);
+    outProto.set_source(event.source);
+    outProto.set_action(event.action);
+    outProto.set_device_id(event.deviceId);
+    outProto.set_display_id(event.displayId);
+    outProto.set_key_code(event.keyCode);
+    outProto.set_scan_code(event.scanCode);
+    outProto.set_meta_state(event.metaState);
+    outProto.set_repeat_count(event.repeatCount);
+    outProto.set_flags(event.flags);
+    outProto.set_policy_flags(event.policyFlags);
+}
+
+void AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(
+        const InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs& args,
+        proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto) {
+    std::visit([&](auto entry) { outProto.set_event_id(entry.id); }, args.eventEntry);
+    outProto.set_vsync_id(args.vsyncId);
+    outProto.set_window_id(args.windowId);
+    outProto.set_resolved_flags(args.resolvedFlags);
+
+    if (auto* motion = std::get_if<TracedMotionEvent>(&args.eventEntry); motion != nullptr) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < motion->pointerProperties.size(); i++) {
+            auto* pointerProto = outProto.add_dispatched_pointer();
+            pointerProto->set_pointer_id(motion->pointerProperties[i].id);
+            const auto rawXY =
+                    MotionEvent::calculateTransformedXY(motion->source, args.rawTransform,
+                                                        motion->pointerCoords[i].getXYValue());
+            pointerProto->set_x_in_display(rawXY.x);
+            pointerProto->set_y_in_display(rawXY.y);
+
+            const auto& coords = motion->pointerCoords[i];
+            const auto coordsInWindow =
+                    MotionEvent::calculateTransformedCoords(motion->source, args.transform, coords);
+            auto bits = BitSet64(coords.bits);
+            for (int32_t axisIndex = 0; !bits.isEmpty(); axisIndex++) {
+                const uint32_t axis = bits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
+                const float axisValueInWindow = coordsInWindow.values[axisIndex];
+                if (coords.values[axisIndex] != axisValueInWindow) {
+                    auto* axisEntry = pointerProto->add_axis_value_in_window();
+                    axisEntry->set_axis(axis);
+                    axisEntry->set_value(axisValueInWindow);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a46f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <perfetto/trace/android/android_input_event.pbzero.h>
+
+#include "InputTracingBackendInterface.h"
+
+namespace proto = perfetto::protos::pbzero;
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace {
+
+/**
+ * Write traced events into Perfetto protos.
+ */
+class AndroidInputEventProtoConverter {
+public:
+    static void toProtoMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event,
+                                   proto::AndroidMotionEvent& outProto);
+    static void toProtoKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event, proto::AndroidKeyEvent& outProto);
+    static void toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(const InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs&,
+                                           proto::AndroidWindowInputDispatchEvent& outProto);
+};
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b065729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "InputTracer"
+
+#include "InputTracer.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <utils/AndroidThreads.h>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl {
+
+namespace {
+
+TracedEvent createTracedEvent(const MotionEntry& e) {
+    return TracedMotionEvent{e.id,
+                             e.eventTime,
+                             e.policyFlags,
+                             e.deviceId,
+                             e.source,
+                             e.displayId,
+                             e.action,
+                             e.actionButton,
+                             e.flags,
+                             e.metaState,
+                             e.buttonState,
+                             e.classification,
+                             e.edgeFlags,
+                             e.xPrecision,
+                             e.yPrecision,
+                             e.xCursorPosition,
+                             e.yCursorPosition,
+                             e.downTime,
+                             e.pointerProperties,
+                             e.pointerCoords};
+}
+
+TracedEvent createTracedEvent(const KeyEntry& e) {
+    return TracedKeyEvent{e.id,        e.eventTime, e.policyFlags, e.deviceId, e.source,
+                          e.displayId, e.action,    e.keyCode,     e.scanCode, e.metaState,
+                          e.downTime,  e.flags,     e.repeatCount};
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+// --- InputTracer ---
+
+InputTracer::InputTracer(std::unique_ptr<InputTracingBackendInterface> backend)
+      : mTracerThread(&InputTracer::threadLoop, this), mBackend(std::move(backend)) {}
+
+InputTracer::~InputTracer() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mThreadExit = true;
+    }
+    mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
+    mTracerThread.join();
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> InputTracer::traceInboundEvent(const EventEntry& entry) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    TracedEvent traced;
+
+    if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
+        const auto& motion = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
+        traced = createTracedEvent(motion);
+    } else if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
+        const auto& key = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
+        traced = createTracedEvent(key);
+    } else {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot trace EventEntry of type: " << ftl::enum_string(entry.type);
+    }
+
+    return std::make_unique<EventTrackerImpl>(*this, std::move(traced));
+}
+
+void InputTracer::dispatchToTargetHint(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie,
+                                       const InputTarget& target) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    auto& cookieState = getState(cookie);
+    if (!cookieState) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "dispatchToTargetHint() should not be called after eventProcessingComplete()";
+    }
+    // TODO(b/210460522): Determine if the event is sensitive based on the target.
+}
+
+void InputTracer::eventProcessingComplete(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        auto& cookieState = getState(cookie);
+        if (!cookieState) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Traced event was already logged. "
+                          "eventProcessingComplete() was likely called more than once.";
+        }
+        mTraceQueue.emplace_back(std::move(*cookieState));
+        cookieState.reset();
+    } // release lock
+
+    mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
+void InputTracer::traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry,
+                                     const EventTrackerInterface* cookie) {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        const EventEntry& entry = *dispatchEntry.eventEntry;
+
+        TracedEvent traced;
+        if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
+            const auto& motion = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
+            traced = createTracedEvent(motion);
+        } else if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
+            const auto& key = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(entry);
+            traced = createTracedEvent(key);
+        } else {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot trace EventEntry of type: " << ftl::enum_string(entry.type);
+        }
+
+        if (!cookie) {
+            // This event was not tracked as an inbound event, so trace it now.
+            mTraceQueue.emplace_back(traced);
+        }
+
+        // The vsyncId only has meaning if the event is targeting a window.
+        const int32_t windowId = dispatchEntry.windowId.value_or(0);
+        const int32_t vsyncId = dispatchEntry.windowId.has_value() ? dispatchEntry.vsyncId : 0;
+
+        mDispatchTraceQueue.emplace_back(std::move(traced), dispatchEntry.deliveryTime,
+                                         dispatchEntry.resolvedFlags, dispatchEntry.targetUid,
+                                         vsyncId, windowId, dispatchEntry.transform,
+                                         dispatchEntry.rawTransform);
+    } // release lock
+
+    mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
+std::optional<InputTracer::EventState>& InputTracer::getState(const EventTrackerInterface& cookie) {
+    return static_cast<const EventTrackerImpl&>(cookie).mLockedState;
+}
+
+void InputTracer::threadLoop() {
+    androidSetThreadName("InputTracer");
+
+    while (true) {
+        std::vector<const EventState> eventsToTrace;
+        std::vector<const WindowDispatchArgs> dispatchEventsToTrace;
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+            base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+            if (mThreadExit) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (mTraceQueue.empty() && mDispatchTraceQueue.empty()) {
+                // Wait indefinitely until the thread is awoken.
+                mThreadWakeCondition.wait(lock);
+            }
+
+            mTraceQueue.swap(eventsToTrace);
+            mDispatchTraceQueue.swap(dispatchEventsToTrace);
+        } // release lock
+
+        // Trace the events into the backend without holding the lock to reduce the amount of
+        // work performed in the critical section.
+        writeEventsToBackend(eventsToTrace, dispatchEventsToTrace);
+        eventsToTrace.clear();
+        dispatchEventsToTrace.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+void InputTracer::writeEventsToBackend(
+        const std::vector<const EventState>& events,
+        const std::vector<const WindowDispatchArgs>& dispatchEvents) {
+    for (const auto& event : events) {
+        if (auto* motion = std::get_if<TracedMotionEvent>(&event.event); motion != nullptr) {
+            mBackend->traceMotionEvent(*motion);
+        } else {
+            mBackend->traceKeyEvent(std::get<TracedKeyEvent>(event.event));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& dispatchArgs : dispatchEvents) {
+        mBackend->traceWindowDispatch(dispatchArgs);
+    }
+}
+
+// --- InputTracer::EventTrackerImpl ---
+
+InputTracer::EventTrackerImpl::EventTrackerImpl(InputTracer& tracer, TracedEvent&& event)
+      : mTracer(tracer), mLockedState(event) {}
+
+InputTracer::EventTrackerImpl::~EventTrackerImpl() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mTracer.mLock);
+        if (!mLockedState) {
+            // This event has already been written to the trace as expected.
+            return;
+        }
+        // We're still holding on to the state, which means it hasn't yet been written to the trace.
+        // Write it to the trace now.
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Determine why/where the event is being destroyed before
+        //   eventProcessingComplete() is called.
+        mTracer.mTraceQueue.emplace_back(std::move(*mLockedState));
+        mLockedState.reset();
+    } // release lock
+
+    mTracer.mThreadWakeCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fe395d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "InputTracerInterface.h"
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../Entry.h"
+#include "InputTracingBackendInterface.h"
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl {
+
+/**
+ * The tracer implementation for InputDispatcher.
+ *
+ * InputTracer is thread-safe, so it can be called from any thread. Upon construction, InputTracer
+ * will start its own thread that it uses for write events into the tracing backend. That is the
+ * one and only thread that will interact with the tracing backend, since the Perfetto backend
+ * uses thread-local storage.
+ *
+ * See the documentation in InputTracerInterface for the API surface.
+ */
+class InputTracer : public InputTracerInterface {
+public:
+    explicit InputTracer(std::unique_ptr<InputTracingBackendInterface>);
+    ~InputTracer() override;
+    InputTracer(const InputTracer&) = delete;
+    InputTracer& operator=(const InputTracer&) = delete;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<EventTrackerInterface> traceInboundEvent(const EventEntry&) override;
+    void dispatchToTargetHint(const EventTrackerInterface&, const InputTarget&) override;
+    void eventProcessingComplete(const EventTrackerInterface&) override;
+    void traceEventDispatch(const DispatchEntry&, const EventTrackerInterface*) override;
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    std::thread mTracerThread;
+    bool mThreadExit GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
+    std::condition_variable mThreadWakeCondition;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputTracingBackendInterface> mBackend;
+
+    // The state of a tracked event.
+    struct EventState {
+        const TracedEvent event;
+        // TODO(b/210460522): Add additional args for tracking event sensitivity and
+        //  dispatch target UIDs.
+    };
+    std::vector<const EventState> mTraceQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    using WindowDispatchArgs = InputTracingBackendInterface::WindowDispatchArgs;
+    std::vector<const WindowDispatchArgs> mDispatchTraceQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+    // Provides thread-safe access to the state from an event tracker cookie.
+    std::optional<EventState>& getState(const EventTrackerInterface&) REQUIRES(mLock);
+
+    // Implementation of the event tracker cookie.
+    class EventTrackerImpl : public EventTrackerInterface {
+    public:
+        explicit EventTrackerImpl(InputTracer&, TracedEvent&& entry);
+        virtual ~EventTrackerImpl() override;
+
+    private:
+        InputTracer& mTracer;
+        // This event tracker cookie will only hold the state as long as it has not been written
+        // to the trace. The state is released when the event is written to the trace.
+        mutable std::optional<EventState> mLockedState;
+
+        // Only allow InputTracer access to the locked state through getTrackerState() to ensure
+        // that the InputTracer lock is held when this is accessed.
+        friend std::optional<EventState>& InputTracer::getState(const EventTrackerInterface&);
+    };
+
+    void threadLoop();
+    void writeEventsToBackend(const std::vector<const EventState>& events,
+                              const std::vector<const WindowDispatchArgs>& dispatchEvents);
+};
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
index b430a5b..bc47817 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h
@@ -16,11 +16,65 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../Entry.h"
+#include <gui/PidUid.h>
+#include <input/Input.h>
+#include <ui/Transform.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace {
 
 /**
+ * A representation of an Android KeyEvent used by the tracing backend.
+ */
+struct TracedKeyEvent {
+    int32_t id;
+    nsecs_t eventTime;
+    uint32_t policyFlags;
+    int32_t deviceId;
+    uint32_t source;
+    int32_t displayId;
+    int32_t action;
+    int32_t keyCode;
+    int32_t scanCode;
+    int32_t metaState;
+    nsecs_t downTime;
+    int32_t flags;
+    int32_t repeatCount;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A representation of an Android MotionEvent used by the tracing backend.
+ */
+struct TracedMotionEvent {
+    int32_t id;
+    nsecs_t eventTime;
+    uint32_t policyFlags;
+    int32_t deviceId;
+    uint32_t source;
+    int32_t displayId;
+    int32_t action;
+    int32_t actionButton;
+    int32_t flags;
+    int32_t metaState;
+    int32_t buttonState;
+    MotionClassification classification;
+    int32_t edgeFlags;
+    float xPrecision;
+    float yPrecision;
+    float xCursorPosition;
+    float yCursorPosition;
+    nsecs_t downTime;
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
+};
+
+/** A representation of a traced input event. */
+using TracedEvent = std::variant<TracedKeyEvent, TracedMotionEvent>;
+
+/**
  * An interface for the tracing backend, used for setting a custom backend for testing.
  */
 class InputTracingBackendInterface {
@@ -28,14 +82,14 @@
     virtual ~InputTracingBackendInterface() = default;
 
     /** Trace a KeyEvent. */
-    virtual void traceKeyEvent(const KeyEntry&) const = 0;
+    virtual void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) const = 0;
 
     /** Trace a MotionEvent. */
-    virtual void traceMotionEvent(const MotionEntry&) const = 0;
+    virtual void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) const = 0;
 
     /** Trace an event being sent to a window. */
     struct WindowDispatchArgs {
-        std::variant<MotionEntry, KeyEntry> eventEntry;
+        TracedEvent eventEntry;
         nsecs_t deliveryTime;
         int32_t resolvedFlags;
         gui::Uid targetUid;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4442ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "InputTracer"
+
+#include "InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h"
+
+#include "AndroidInputEventProtoConverter.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <perfetto/trace/android/android_input_event.pbzero.h>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr auto INPUT_EVENT_TRACE_DATA_SOURCE_NAME = "android.input.inputevent";
+
+} // namespace
+
+// --- PerfettoBackend::InputEventDataSource ---
+
+void PerfettoBackend::InputEventDataSource::OnStart(const perfetto::DataSourceBase::StartArgs&) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Starting perfetto trace for: " << INPUT_EVENT_TRACE_DATA_SOURCE_NAME;
+}
+
+void PerfettoBackend::InputEventDataSource::OnStop(const perfetto::DataSourceBase::StopArgs&) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Stopping perfetto trace for: " << INPUT_EVENT_TRACE_DATA_SOURCE_NAME;
+    InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) { ctx.Flush(); });
+}
+
+// --- PerfettoBackend ---
+
+std::once_flag PerfettoBackend::sDataSourceRegistrationFlag{};
+
+PerfettoBackend::PerfettoBackend() {
+    // Use a once-flag to ensure that the data source is only registered once per boot, since
+    // we never unregister the InputEventDataSource.
+    std::call_once(sDataSourceRegistrationFlag, []() {
+        perfetto::TracingInitArgs args;
+        args.backends = perfetto::kSystemBackend;
+        perfetto::Tracing::Initialize(args);
+
+        // Register our custom data source for input event tracing.
+        perfetto::DataSourceDescriptor dsd;
+        dsd.set_name(INPUT_EVENT_TRACE_DATA_SOURCE_NAME);
+        InputEventDataSource::Register(dsd);
+        LOG(INFO) << "InputTracer initialized for data source: "
+                  << INPUT_EVENT_TRACE_DATA_SOURCE_NAME;
+    });
+}
+
+void PerfettoBackend::traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent& event) const {
+    InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
+        auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
+        auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
+        auto* dispatchMotion = inputEvent->set_dispatcher_motion_event();
+        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoMotionEvent(event, *dispatchMotion);
+    });
+}
+
+void PerfettoBackend::traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent& event) const {
+    InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
+        auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
+        auto* inputEvent = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
+        auto* dispatchKey = inputEvent->set_dispatcher_key_event();
+        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoKeyEvent(event, *dispatchKey);
+    });
+}
+
+void PerfettoBackend::traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& dispatchArgs) const {
+    InputEventDataSource::Trace([&](InputEventDataSource::TraceContext ctx) {
+        auto tracePacket = ctx.NewTracePacket();
+        auto* inputEventProto = tracePacket->set_android_input_event();
+        auto* dispatchEventProto = inputEventProto->set_dispatcher_window_dispatch_event();
+        AndroidInputEventProtoConverter::toProtoWindowDispatchEvent(dispatchArgs,
+                                                                    *dispatchEventProto);
+    });
+}
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2777cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/trace/InputTracingPerfettoBackend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "InputTracingBackendInterface.h"
+
+#include <perfetto/tracing.h>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl {
+
+/**
+ * The tracing backend that writes events into ongoing Perfetto traces.
+ *
+ * Example shell command to take an input trace from Perfetto:
+ *
+ *   adb shell  perfetto \
+ *    -c - --txt \
+ *    -o /data/misc/perfetto-traces/trace.input-trace \
+ *    <<END
+ *    buffers: {
+ *      size_kb: 5000
+ *      fill_policy: RING_BUFFER
+ *    }
+ *    data_sources: {
+ *      config {
+ *          name: "android.input.inputevent"
+ *      }
+ *    }
+ *    END
+ */
+class PerfettoBackend : public InputTracingBackendInterface {
+public:
+    PerfettoBackend();
+    ~PerfettoBackend() override = default;
+
+    void traceKeyEvent(const TracedKeyEvent&) const override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const TracedMotionEvent&) const override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs&) const override;
+
+    class InputEventDataSource : public perfetto::DataSource<InputEventDataSource> {
+    public:
+        void OnSetup(const SetupArgs&) override {}
+        void OnStart(const StartArgs&) override;
+        void OnStop(const StopArgs&) override;
+    };
+
+private:
+    static std::once_flag sDataSourceRegistrationFlag;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher::trace::impl
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
index 9abfef1..79c8a4b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
@@ -226,6 +226,9 @@
     // True to enable tap-to-click on touchpads.
     bool touchpadTapToClickEnabled;
 
+    // True to enable tap dragging on touchpads.
+    bool touchpadTapDraggingEnabled;
+
     // True to enable a zone on the right-hand side of touchpads where clicks will be turned into
     // context (a.k.a. "right") clicks.
     bool touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled;
@@ -266,6 +269,7 @@
             touchpadPointerSpeed(0),
             touchpadNaturalScrollingEnabled(true),
             touchpadTapToClickEnabled(true),
+            touchpadTapDraggingEnabled(false),
             touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled(false),
             stylusButtonMotionEventsEnabled(true),
             stylusPointerIconEnabled(false) {}
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
index bdc1640..b990dd5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
@@ -397,6 +397,8 @@
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadNaturalScrollingEnabled});
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Tap Enable")
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadTapToClickEnabled});
+        mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Tap Drag Enable")
+                .setBoolValues({config.touchpadTapDraggingEnabled});
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Button Right Click Zone Enable")
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled});
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/rust/lib.rs b/services/inputflinger/rust/lib.rs
index da72134..25dfb03 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/rust/lib.rs
+++ b/services/inputflinger/rust/lib.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@
 /// incremented using `AIBinder_incStrong`. See `binder::unstable_api::new_spibinder`.
 unsafe fn create_inputflinger_rust(callback: *mut ffi::IInputFlingerRustBootstrapCallbackAIBinder) {
     logger::init(
-        logger::Config::default().with_tag_on_device(LOG_TAG).with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),
+        logger::Config::default()
+            .with_tag_on_device(LOG_TAG)
+            .with_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Trace),
     );
 
     let callback = callback as *mut AIBinder;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 55aa226..553cb70 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
         "EventHub_test.cpp",
         "FakeEventHub.cpp",
         "FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp",
+        "FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp",
         "FakePointerController.cpp",
         "FocusResolver_test.cpp",
         "GestureConverter_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d35fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "FakeInputTracingBackend.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr auto TRACE_TIMEOUT = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+
+base::ResultError<> error(const std::ostringstream& ss) {
+    return base::ResultError(ss.str(), BAD_VALUE);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+// --- VerifyingTrace ---
+
+void VerifyingTrace::expectKeyDispatchTraced(const KeyEvent& event) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    mExpectedEvents.emplace_back(event);
+}
+
+void VerifyingTrace::expectMotionDispatchTraced(const MotionEvent& event) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    mExpectedEvents.emplace_back(event);
+}
+
+void VerifyingTrace::verifyExpectedEventsTraced() {
+    std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+    base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+
+    base::Result<void> result;
+    mEventTracedCondition.wait_for(lock, TRACE_TIMEOUT, [&]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        for (const auto& expectedEvent : mExpectedEvents) {
+            std::visit([&](const auto& event)
+                               REQUIRES(mLock) { result = verifyEventTraced(event); },
+                       expectedEvent);
+            if (!result.ok()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    });
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.ok())
+            << "Timed out waiting for all expected events to be traced successfully: "
+            << result.error().message();
+}
+
+void VerifyingTrace::reset() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    mTracedEvents.clear();
+    mExpectedEvents.clear();
+}
+
+template <typename Event>
+base::Result<void> VerifyingTrace::verifyEventTraced(const Event& expectedEvent) const {
+    std::ostringstream msg;
+
+    auto tracedEventsIt = mTracedEvents.find(expectedEvent.getId());
+    if (tracedEventsIt == mTracedEvents.end()) {
+        msg << "Expected event with ID 0x" << std::hex << expectedEvent.getId()
+            << " to be traced, but it was not.\n"
+            << "Expected event: " << expectedEvent;
+        return error(msg);
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+// --- FakeInputTracingBackend ---
+
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& event) const {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
+        mTrace->mTracedEvents.emplace(event.id);
+    }
+    mTrace->mEventTracedCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
+void FakeInputTracingBackend::traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& event) const {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mTrace->mLock);
+        mTrace->mTracedEvents.emplace(event.id);
+    }
+    mTrace->mEventTracedCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5dd546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputTracingBackend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../dispatcher/trace/InputTracingBackendInterface.h"
+
+#include <android-base/result.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <input/Input.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher {
+
+/**
+ * A class representing an input trace, used to make assertions on what was traced by
+ * InputDispatcher in tests. This class is thread-safe.
+ */
+class VerifyingTrace {
+public:
+    VerifyingTrace() = default;
+
+    /** Add an expectation for a key event to be traced. */
+    void expectKeyDispatchTraced(const KeyEvent& event);
+
+    /** Add an expectation for a motion event to be traced. */
+    void expectMotionDispatchTraced(const MotionEvent& event);
+
+    /**
+     * Wait and verify that all expected events are traced.
+     * This is a lenient verifier that does not expect the events to be traced in the order
+     * that the events were expected, and does not fail if there are events that are traced that
+     * were not expected. Verifying does not clear the expectations.
+     */
+    void verifyExpectedEventsTraced();
+
+    /** Reset the trace and clear all expectations. */
+    void reset();
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    std::condition_variable mEventTracedCondition;
+    std::unordered_set<uint32_t /*eventId*/> mTracedEvents GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::vector<std::variant<KeyEvent, MotionEvent>> mExpectedEvents GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+    friend class FakeInputTracingBackend;
+
+    // Helper to verify that the given event appears as expected in the trace. If the verification
+    // fails, the error message describes why.
+    template <typename Event>
+    base::Result<void> verifyEventTraced(const Event&) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+};
+
+/**
+ * A backend implementation for input tracing that records events to the provided
+ * VerifyingTrace used for testing.
+ */
+class FakeInputTracingBackend : public trace::InputTracingBackendInterface {
+public:
+    FakeInputTracingBackend(std::shared_ptr<VerifyingTrace> trace) : mTrace(trace) {}
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<VerifyingTrace> mTrace;
+
+    void traceKeyEvent(const trace::TracedKeyEvent& entry) const override;
+    void traceMotionEvent(const trace::TracedMotionEvent& entry) const override;
+    void traceWindowDispatch(const WindowDispatchArgs& entry) const override {}
+};
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index f1f4a61..e826ddc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "../dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h"
 #include "../BlockingQueue.h"
 #include "FakeApplicationHandle.h"
+#include "FakeInputTracingBackend.h"
 #include "TestEventMatchers.h"
 
 #include <NotifyArgsBuilders.h>
@@ -658,14 +659,22 @@
 
 // --- InputDispatcherTest ---
 
+// The trace is a global variable for now, to avoid having to pass it into all of the
+// FakeWindowHandles created throughout the tests.
+// TODO(b/210460522): Update the tests to avoid the need to have the trace be a global variable.
+static std::shared_ptr<VerifyingTrace> gVerifyingTrace = std::make_shared<VerifyingTrace>();
+
 class InputDispatcherTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     std::unique_ptr<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> mFakePolicy;
     std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher> mDispatcher;
 
     void SetUp() override {
+        gVerifyingTrace->reset();
         mFakePolicy = std::make_unique<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>();
-        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy,
+                                                        std::make_unique<FakeInputTracingBackend>(
+                                                                gVerifyingTrace));
 
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled=*/true, /*frozen=*/false);
         // Start InputDispatcher thread
@@ -676,6 +685,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->stop());
         mFakePolicy.reset();
         mDispatcher.reset();
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gVerifyingTrace->verifyExpectedEventsTraced());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1113,7 +1123,7 @@
 
     sp<IBinder> getToken() { return mConsumer.getChannel()->getConnectionToken(); }
 
-    int getChannelFd() { return mConsumer.getChannel()->getFd().get(); }
+    int getChannelFd() { return mConsumer.getChannel()->getFd(); }
 
 private:
     InputConsumer mConsumer;
@@ -1395,11 +1405,7 @@
     }
 
     std::pair<std::optional<uint32_t>, std::unique_ptr<InputEvent>> receiveEvent() {
-        if (mInputReceiver == nullptr) {
-            ADD_FAILURE() << "Invalid receive event on window with no receiver";
-            return std::make_pair(std::nullopt, nullptr);
-        }
-        return mInputReceiver->receiveEvent(CONSUME_TIMEOUT_EVENT_EXPECTED);
+        return receive();
     }
 
     void finishEvent(uint32_t sequenceNum) {
@@ -1444,6 +1450,7 @@
     static std::atomic<int32_t> sId; // each window gets a unique id, like in surfaceflinger
     friend class sp<FakeWindowHandle>;
 
+    // FakeWindowHandle uses this consume method to ensure received events are added to the trace.
     std::unique_ptr<InputEvent> consume(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout, bool handled = true) {
         if (mInputReceiver == nullptr) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot consume event from a window with no input event receiver";
@@ -1452,8 +1459,40 @@
         if (event == nullptr) {
             ADD_FAILURE() << "Consume failed: no event";
         }
+        expectReceivedEventTraced(event);
         return event;
     }
+
+    // FakeWindowHandle uses this receive method to ensure received events are added to the trace.
+    std::pair<std::optional<uint32_t /*seq*/>, std::unique_ptr<InputEvent>> receive() {
+        if (mInputReceiver == nullptr) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Invalid receive event on window with no receiver";
+            return std::make_pair(std::nullopt, nullptr);
+        }
+        auto out = mInputReceiver->receiveEvent(CONSUME_TIMEOUT_EVENT_EXPECTED);
+        const auto& [_, event] = out;
+        expectReceivedEventTraced(event);
+        return std::move(out);
+    }
+
+    void expectReceivedEventTraced(const std::unique_ptr<InputEvent>& event) {
+        if (!event) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch (event->getType()) {
+            case InputEventType::KEY: {
+                gVerifyingTrace->expectKeyDispatchTraced(static_cast<KeyEvent&>(*event));
+                break;
+            }
+            case InputEventType::MOTION: {
+                gVerifyingTrace->expectMotionDispatchTraced(static_cast<MotionEvent&>(*event));
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 std::atomic<int32_t> FakeWindowHandle::sId{1};
@@ -6151,6 +6190,219 @@
     monitor.assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+/**
+ * Two displays
+ * The first monitor has a foreground window, a monitor
+ * The second window has only one monitor.
+ * We first inject a Down event into the first display, this injection should succeed and both
+ * the foreground window and monitor should receive a down event, then inject a Down event into
+ * the second display as well, this injection should fail, at this point, the first display
+ * window and monitor should not receive a cancel or any other event.
+ * Continue to inject Move and UP events to the first display, the events should be received
+ * normally by the foreground window and monitor.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMonitorTest, MonitorTouchIsNotCanceledWhenAnotherEmptyDisplayReceiveEvents) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Foreground", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor = FakeMonitorReceiver(*mDispatcher, "M_1", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    FakeMonitorReceiver secondMonitor = FakeMonitorReceiver(*mDispatcher, "M_2", SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "The down event injected into the first display should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionDown();
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
+              injectMotionDown(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, SECOND_DISPLAY_ID,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "The down event injected into the second display should fail since there's no "
+               "touchable window";
+
+    // Continue to inject event to first display.
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 220}))
+            << "The move event injected into the first display should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionMove();
+    monitor.consumeMotionMove(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionUp(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                             {110, 220}))
+            << "The up event injected into the first display should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionUp();
+    monitor.consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+    monitor.assertNoEvents();
+    secondMonitor.assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Two displays
+ * There is a monitor and foreground window on each display.
+ * First, we inject down events into each of the two displays, at this point, the foreground windows
+ * and monitors on both displays should receive down events.
+ * At this point, the foreground window of the second display goes away, the gone window should
+ * receive the cancel event, and the other windows and monitors should not receive any events.
+ * Inject a move event into the second display. At this point, the injection should fail because
+ * the second display no longer has a foreground window. At this point, the monitor on the second
+ * display should receive a cancel event, and any windows or monitors on the first display should
+ * not receive any events, and any subsequent injection of events into the second display should
+ * also fail.
+ * Continue to inject events into the first display, and the events should all be injected
+ * successfully and received normally.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMonitorTest, MonitorTouchIsNotCancelWhenAnotherDisplayMonitorTouchCanceled) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Foreground", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> secondWindow =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "SecondForeground",
+                                       SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor = FakeMonitorReceiver(*mDispatcher, "M_1", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    FakeMonitorReceiver secondMonitor = FakeMonitorReceiver(*mDispatcher, "M_2", SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+
+    // There is a foreground window on both displays.
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo(), *secondWindow->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "The down event injected into the first display should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, SECOND_DISPLAY_ID,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "The down event injected into the second display should succeed";
+
+    secondWindow->consumeMotionDown(SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+    secondMonitor.consumeMotionDown(SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+
+    // Now second window is gone away.
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
+
+    // The gone window should receive a cancel, and the monitor on the second display should not
+    // receive any events.
+    secondWindow->consumeMotionCancel(SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+    secondMonitor.assertNoEvents();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                SECOND_DISPLAY_ID, {110, 220}))
+            << "The move event injected into the second display should fail because there's no "
+               "touchable window";
+    // Now the monitor on the second display should receive a cancel event.
+    secondMonitor.consumeMotionCancel(SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 200}))
+            << "The move event injected into the first display should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionMove();
+    monitor.consumeMotionMove(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
+              injectMotionUp(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, SECOND_DISPLAY_ID,
+                             {110, 220}))
+            << "The up event injected into the second display should fail because there's no "
+               "touchable window";
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionUp(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                             {110, 220}))
+            << "The up event injected into the first display should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    monitor.consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+    monitor.assertNoEvents();
+    secondWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    secondMonitor.assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+/**
+ * One display with transform
+ * There is a foreground window and a monitor on the display
+ * Inject down event and move event sequentially, the foreground window and monitor can receive down
+ * event and move event, then let the foreground window go away, the foreground window receives
+ * cancel event, inject move event again, the monitor receives cancel event, all the events received
+ * by the monitor should be with the same transform as the display
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMonitorTest, MonitorTouchCancelEventWithDisplayTransform) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Foreground", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor = FakeMonitorReceiver(*mDispatcher, "M_1", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set({1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 0, 0, 1});
+
+    gui::DisplayInfo displayInfo;
+    displayInfo.displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    displayInfo.transform = transform;
+
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*window->getInfo()}, {displayInfo}, 0, 0});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "The down event injected should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionDown();
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> downMotionEvent = monitor.consumeMotion();
+    EXPECT_EQ(transform, downMotionEvent->getTransform());
+    EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downMotionEvent->getAction());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 220}))
+            << "The move event injected should succeed";
+
+    window->consumeMotionMove();
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> moveMotionEvent = monitor.consumeMotion();
+    EXPECT_EQ(transform, moveMotionEvent->getTransform());
+    EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, moveMotionEvent->getAction());
+
+    // Let foreground window gone
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{}, {displayInfo}, 0, 0});
+
+    // Foreground window should receive a cancel event, but not the monitor.
+    window->consumeMotionCancel();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 220}))
+            << "The move event injected should failed";
+    // Now foreground should not receive any events, but monitor should receive a cancel event
+    // with transform that same as display's display.
+    std::unique_ptr<MotionEvent> cancelMotionEvent = monitor.consumeMotion();
+    EXPECT_EQ(transform, cancelMotionEvent->getTransform());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, cancelMotionEvent->getDisplayId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, cancelMotionEvent->getAction());
+
+    // Other event inject to this display should fail.
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
+              injectMotionEvent(*mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 220}))
+            << "The up event injected should fail because the touched window was removed";
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+    monitor.assertNoEvents();
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, TestMoveEvent) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
@@ -7090,12 +7342,9 @@
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> mWindow;
 
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mFakePolicy = std::make_unique<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>();
-        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy);
-        mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled=*/true, /*frozen=*/false);
-        mDispatcher->setKeyRepeatConfiguration(KEY_REPEAT_TIMEOUT, KEY_REPEAT_DELAY);
-        ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
+        InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
 
+        mDispatcher->setKeyRepeatConfiguration(KEY_REPEAT_TIMEOUT, KEY_REPEAT_DELAY);
         setUpWindow();
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp
index be765cc..c2bf275 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/TouchpadInputFuzzer.cpp
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     config.touchpadPointerSpeed = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(-7, 7);
     config.touchpadNaturalScrollingEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
     config.touchpadTapToClickEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
+    config.touchpadTapDraggingEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
     config.touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled = fdp.ConsumeBool();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index 9e35717..575a30e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(isConnected, bool(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(getModes,
                        std::vector<HWComposer::HWCDisplayMode>(PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getActiveMode, std::optional<hal::HWConfigId>(PhysicalDisplayId));
+    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getActiveMode, ftl::Expected<hal::HWConfigId, status_t>(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getColorModes, std::vector<ui::ColorMode>(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD3(setActiveColorMode, status_t(PhysicalDisplayId, ui::ColorMode, ui::RenderIntent));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(isUsingVrComposer, bool());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getDisplayConnectionType, ui::DisplayConnectionType(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported, bool(PhysicalDisplayId));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(getDisplayVsyncPeriod, status_t(PhysicalDisplayId, nsecs_t*));
+    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getDisplayVsyncPeriod, ftl::Expected<nsecs_t, status_t>(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD4(setActiveModeWithConstraints,
                  status_t(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::HWConfigId,
                           const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints&,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 4f81482..5f20cd9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -239,10 +239,8 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    nsecs_t vsyncPeriod;
-    const auto status = mHwComposer.getDisplayVsyncPeriod(physicalId, &vsyncPeriod);
-    if (status == NO_ERROR) {
-        return vsyncPeriod;
+    if (const auto vsyncPeriodOpt = mHwComposer.getDisplayVsyncPeriod(physicalId).value_opt()) {
+        return *vsyncPeriodOpt;
     }
 
     return refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncRate().getPeriodNsecs();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
index 64a8ae7..362ab9c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -330,7 +330,11 @@
 
     t.join();
     close(pipefds[0]);
-    return str;
+
+    std::string hash;
+    mAidlComposer->getInterfaceHash(&hash);
+    return std::string(mAidlComposer->descriptor) +
+            " version:" + std::to_string(mComposerInterfaceVersion) + " hash:" + hash + str;
 }
 
 void AidlComposer::registerCallback(HWC2::ComposerCallback& callback) {
@@ -339,7 +343,9 @@
     }
 
     mAidlComposerCallback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper>(callback);
-    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(mAidlComposerCallback->asBinder().get(), SCHED_FIFO, 2);
+
+    ndk::SpAIBinder binder = mAidlComposerCallback->asBinder();
+    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(binder.get(), SCHED_FIFO, 2);
 
     const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->registerCallback(mAidlComposerCallback);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index cf1c3c1..bac24c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -343,14 +343,18 @@
     return modes;
 }
 
-std::optional<hal::HWConfigId> HWComposer::getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
-    RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, std::nullopt);
+ftl::Expected<hal::HWConfigId, status_t> HWComposer::getActiveMode(
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
+    RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, ftl::Unexpected(BAD_INDEX));
     const auto hwcId = *fromPhysicalDisplayId(displayId);
 
     hal::HWConfigId configId;
     const auto error = static_cast<hal::Error>(mComposer->getActiveConfig(hwcId, &configId));
+    if (error == hal::Error::BAD_CONFIG) {
+        return ftl::Unexpected(NO_INIT);
+    }
 
-    RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR("getActiveConfig", error, displayId, std::nullopt);
+    RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR("getActiveConfig", error, displayId, ftl::Unexpected(UNKNOWN_ERROR));
     return configId;
 }
 
@@ -376,20 +380,20 @@
     return mDisplayData.at(displayId).hwcDisplay->isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported();
 }
 
-status_t HWComposer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
-                                           nsecs_t* outVsyncPeriod) const {
-    RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, 0);
+ftl::Expected<nsecs_t, status_t> HWComposer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
+    RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, ftl::Unexpected(BAD_INDEX));
 
     if (!isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported(displayId)) {
-        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        return ftl::Unexpected(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
+
     const auto hwcId = *fromPhysicalDisplayId(displayId);
     Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos vsyncPeriodNanos = 0;
-    auto error =
+    const auto error =
             static_cast<hal::Error>(mComposer->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(hwcId, &vsyncPeriodNanos));
-    RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, 0);
-    *outVsyncPeriod = static_cast<nsecs_t>(vsyncPeriodNanos);
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, ftl::Unexpected(UNKNOWN_ERROR));
+    return static_cast<nsecs_t>(vsyncPeriodNanos);
 }
 
 std::vector<ui::ColorMode> HWComposer::getColorModes(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index fb32ff4..7fbbb1a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <ftl/expected.h>
 #include <ftl/future.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayIdentification.h>
 #include <ui/FenceTime.h>
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@
     virtual std::vector<HWCDisplayMode> getModes(PhysicalDisplayId,
                                                  int32_t maxFrameIntervalNs) const = 0;
 
-    virtual std::optional<hal::HWConfigId> getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
+    virtual ftl::Expected<hal::HWConfigId, status_t> getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
 
     virtual std::vector<ui::ColorMode> getColorModes(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
 
@@ -247,8 +248,7 @@
     // Composer 2.4
     virtual ui::DisplayConnectionType getDisplayConnectionType(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
     virtual bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
-    virtual status_t getDisplayVsyncPeriod(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
-                                           nsecs_t* outVsyncPeriod) const = 0;
+    virtual ftl::Expected<nsecs_t, status_t> getDisplayVsyncPeriod(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
     virtual status_t setActiveModeWithConstraints(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::HWConfigId,
                                                   const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints&,
                                                   hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) = 0;
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
     std::vector<HWCDisplayMode> getModes(PhysicalDisplayId,
                                          int32_t maxFrameIntervalNs) const override;
 
-    std::optional<hal::HWConfigId> getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
+    ftl::Expected<hal::HWConfigId, status_t> getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
 
     std::vector<ui::ColorMode> getColorModes(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
 
@@ -435,8 +435,7 @@
     // Composer 2.4
     ui::DisplayConnectionType getDisplayConnectionType(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
     bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
-    status_t getDisplayVsyncPeriod(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
-                                   nsecs_t* outVsyncPeriod) const override;
+    ftl::Expected<nsecs_t, status_t> getDisplayVsyncPeriod(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
     status_t setActiveModeWithConstraints(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::HWConfigId,
                                           const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints&,
                                           hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
index c4ff9cc..12ab2c2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@
 
 std::string HidlComposer::dumpDebugInfo() {
     std::string info;
+    info += std::string(mComposer->descriptor) + "\n";
     mComposer->dumpDebugInfo([&](const auto& tmpInfo) { info = tmpInfo.c_str(); });
 
     return info;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index c8b1059..219a8e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -78,11 +78,13 @@
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 #include "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h"
+#include "Utils/FenceUtils.h"
 
 #define DEBUG_RESIZE 0
 #define EARLY_RELEASE_ENABLED false
 
 namespace android {
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 namespace {
 constexpr int kDumpTableRowLength = 159;
 
@@ -2911,7 +2913,8 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult,
-                             ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
+                             ui::LayerStack layerStack,
+                             std::function<FenceResult(FenceResult)>&& continuation) {
     // If we are displayed on multiple displays in a single composition cycle then we would
     // need to do careful tracking to enable the use of the mLastClientCompositionFence.
     //  For example we can only use it if all the displays are client comp, and we need
@@ -2946,11 +2949,41 @@
             break;
         }
     }
+
+    if (!FlagManager::getInstance().screenshot_fence_preservation() && continuation) {
+        futureFenceResult = ftl::Future(futureFenceResult).then(std::move(continuation)).share();
+    }
+
     if (ch != nullptr) {
         ch->previousReleaseCallbackId = mPreviousReleaseCallbackId;
         ch->previousReleaseFences.emplace_back(std::move(futureFenceResult));
         ch->name = mName;
+    } else if (FlagManager::getInstance().screenshot_fence_preservation()) {
+        // If we didn't get a release callback yet, e.g. some scenarios when capturing screenshots
+        // asynchronously, then make sure we don't drop the fence.
+        mAdditionalPreviousReleaseFences.emplace_back(std::move(futureFenceResult),
+                                                      std::move(continuation));
+        std::vector<FenceAndContinuation> mergedFences;
+        sp<Fence> prevFence = nullptr;
+        // For a layer that's frequently screenshotted, try to merge fences to make sure we don't
+        // grow unbounded.
+        for (const auto& futureAndContinution : mAdditionalPreviousReleaseFences) {
+            auto result = futureAndContinution.future.wait_for(0s);
+            if (result != std::future_status::ready) {
+                mergedFences.emplace_back(futureAndContinution);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            mergeFence(getDebugName(), futureAndContinution.chain().get().value_or(Fence::NO_FENCE),
+                       prevFence);
+        }
+        if (prevFence != nullptr) {
+            mergedFences.emplace_back(ftl::yield(FenceResult(std::move(prevFence))).share());
+        }
+
+        mAdditionalPreviousReleaseFences.swap(mergedFences);
     }
+
     if (mBufferInfo.mBuffer) {
         mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks.push_back(layerStack);
     }
@@ -3440,6 +3473,15 @@
             handle->acquireTimeOrFence = mCallbackHandleAcquireTimeOrFence;
             handle->frameNumber = mDrawingState.frameNumber;
             handle->previousFrameNumber = mDrawingState.previousFrameNumber;
+            if (FlagManager::getInstance().screenshot_fence_preservation() &&
+                mPreviousReleaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
+                // Add fences from previous screenshots now so that they can be dispatched to the
+                // client.
+                for (const auto& futureAndContinution : mAdditionalPreviousReleaseFences) {
+                    handle->previousReleaseFences.emplace_back(futureAndContinution.chain());
+                }
+                mAdditionalPreviousReleaseFences.clear();
+            }
 
             // Store so latched time and release fence can be set
             mDrawingState.callbackHandles.push_back(handle);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index c772e0e..dfd57c6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -555,7 +555,8 @@
     const compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState* getCompositionState() const;
     bool fenceHasSignaled() const;
     void onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime);
-    void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack layerStack);
+    void onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult>, ui::LayerStack layerStack,
+                          std::function<FenceResult(FenceResult)>&& continuation = nullptr);
 
     void setWasClientComposed(const sp<Fence>& fence) {
         mLastClientCompositionFence = fence;
@@ -932,6 +933,19 @@
     // the release fences from the correct displays when we release the last buffer
     // from the layer.
     std::vector<ui::LayerStack> mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks;
+    struct FenceAndContinuation {
+        ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> future;
+        std::function<FenceResult(FenceResult)> continuation;
+
+        ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> chain() const {
+            if (continuation) {
+                return ftl::Future(future).then(continuation).share();
+            } else {
+                return future;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    std::vector<FenceAndContinuation> mAdditionalPreviousReleaseFences;
     // Exposed so SurfaceFlinger can assert that it's held
     const sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index c80c8fd..ccd1c0f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -404,6 +404,9 @@
     }();
     generateFrameTimeline(vsyncEventData, frameInterval.ns(), systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
                           presentTime, deadline);
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
+        mCallback.onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint::fromNs(presentTime));
+    }
     return vsyncEventData;
 }
 
@@ -721,6 +724,11 @@
                 removeDisplayEventConnectionLocked(consumer);
         }
     }
+    if (event.header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC &&
+        FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
+        mCallback.onExpectedPresentTimePosted(
+                TimePoint::fromNs(event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredExpectedPresentationTime()));
+    }
 }
 
 void EventThread::dump(std::string& result) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 8970103..90e61a9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@
     virtual bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) = 0;
     virtual Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) = 0;
     virtual void resync() = 0;
+    virtual void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint) = 0;
 };
 
 namespace impl {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/ISchedulerCallback.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/ISchedulerCallback.h
index 3b61de7..9f4f5b6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/ISchedulerCallback.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/ISchedulerCallback.h
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
     virtual void kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) = 0;
     virtual void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() = 0;
     virtual void onChoreographerAttached() = 0;
+    virtual void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>,
+                                             Fps renderRate) = 0;
 
 protected:
     ~ISchedulerCallback() = default;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index c3709e5..7614453 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -843,9 +843,13 @@
     const auto touchRefreshRates = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
     using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
 
+    // A method for UI Toolkit to send the touch signal via "HighHint" category vote,
+    // which will touch boost when there are no ExplicitDefault layer votes. This is an
+    // incomplete solution but accounts for cases such as games that use `setFrameRate` with default
+    // compatibility to limit the frame rate, which should not have touch boost.
     const bool hasInteraction = signals.touch || interactiveLayers > 0;
-    if (hasInteraction && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && explicitCategoryVoteLayers == 0 &&
-        touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
+
+    if (hasInteraction && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
         scores.front().frameRateMode.fps < touchRefreshRates.front().frameRateMode.fps) {
         ALOGV("Touch Boost");
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Touch Boost [late])",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index c76d4bd..6979f03 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -71,15 +71,13 @@
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 Scheduler::Scheduler(ICompositor& compositor, ISchedulerCallback& callback, FeatureFlags features,
-                     surfaceflinger::Factory& factory, Fps activeRefreshRate, TimeStats& timeStats,
-                     IVsyncTrackerCallback& vsyncTrackerCallback)
+                     surfaceflinger::Factory& factory, Fps activeRefreshRate, TimeStats& timeStats)
       : android::impl::MessageQueue(compositor),
         mFeatures(features),
         mVsyncConfiguration(factory.createVsyncConfiguration(activeRefreshRate)),
         mVsyncModulator(sp<VsyncModulator>::make(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs())),
         mRefreshRateStats(std::make_unique<RefreshRateStats>(timeStats, activeRefreshRate)),
-        mSchedulerCallback(callback),
-        mVsyncTrackerCallback(vsyncTrackerCallback) {}
+        mSchedulerCallback(callback) {}
 
 Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
     // MessageQueue depends on VsyncSchedule, so first destroy it.
@@ -134,10 +132,11 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
-    auto schedulePtr = std::make_shared<VsyncSchedule>(
-            selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr, mFeatures,
-            [this](PhysicalDisplayId id, bool enable) { onHardwareVsyncRequest(id, enable); },
-            mVsyncTrackerCallback);
+    auto schedulePtr =
+            std::make_shared<VsyncSchedule>(selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr, mFeatures,
+                                            [this](PhysicalDisplayId id, bool enable) {
+                                                onHardwareVsyncRequest(id, enable);
+                                            });
 
     registerDisplayInternal(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr), std::move(schedulePtr));
 }
@@ -222,7 +221,12 @@
             targets.try_emplace(id, &targeter.target());
         }
 
-        if (!compositor.commit(pacesetterPtr->displayId, targets)) return;
+        if (!compositor.commit(pacesetterPtr->displayId, targets)) {
+            if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
+                compositor.sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(pacesetterPtr->displayId);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
     // The pacesetter may have changed or been registered anew during commit.
@@ -263,6 +267,9 @@
     }
 
     const auto resultsPerDisplay = compositor.composite(pacesetterPtr->displayId, targeters);
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
+        compositor.sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(pacesetterPtr->displayId);
+    }
     compositor.sample();
 
     for (const auto& [id, targeter] : targeters) {
@@ -323,6 +330,19 @@
     // behaviour.
     return Period::fromNs(currentPeriod.ns() * divisor);
 }
+void Scheduler::onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint expectedPresentTime) {
+    const auto frameRateMode = [this] {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+        const auto pacesetterOpt = pacesetterDisplayLocked();
+        const Display& pacesetter = *pacesetterOpt;
+        return pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode();
+    }();
+
+    if (frameRateMode.modePtr->getVrrConfig()) {
+        mSchedulerCallback.onExpectedPresentTimePosted(expectedPresentTime, frameRateMode.modePtr,
+                                                       frameRateMode.fps);
+    }
+}
 
 ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createEventThread(Cycle cycle,
                                               frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 9912622..9f29e9f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 public:
     Scheduler(ICompositor&, ISchedulerCallback&, FeatureFlags, surfaceflinger::Factory&,
-              Fps activeRefreshRate, TimeStats&, IVsyncTrackerCallback&);
+              Fps activeRefreshRate, TimeStats&);
     virtual ~Scheduler();
 
     void startTimers();
@@ -458,6 +458,7 @@
     bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) override;
     Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) override EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void resync() override EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint expectedPresentTime) override EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     // Stores EventThread associated with a given VSyncSource, and an initial EventThreadConnection.
     struct Connection {
@@ -497,8 +498,6 @@
 
     ISchedulerCallback& mSchedulerCallback;
 
-    IVsyncTrackerCallback& mVsyncTrackerCallback;
-
     // mDisplayLock may be locked while under mPolicyLock.
     mutable std::mutex mPolicyLock;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index 6e12b33..8697696 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -48,14 +48,12 @@
 VSyncPredictor::~VSyncPredictor() = default;
 
 VSyncPredictor::VSyncPredictor(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, size_t historySize,
-                               size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent,
-                               IVsyncTrackerCallback& callback)
+                               size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent)
       : mId(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId()),
         mTraceOn(property_get_bool("debug.sf.vsp_trace", false)),
         kHistorySize(historySize),
         kMinimumSamplesForPrediction(minimumSamplesForPrediction),
         kOutlierTolerancePercent(std::min(outlierTolerancePercent, kMaxPercent)),
-        mVsyncTrackerCallback(callback),
         mDisplayModePtr(modePtr) {
     resetModel();
 }
@@ -312,13 +310,7 @@
             FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config() && !lastFrameMissed && lastVsyncOpt
             ? std::max(timePoint, *lastVsyncOpt + minFramePeriod - threshold)
             : timePoint;
-    const auto vsyncTime = snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(baseTime);
-    if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config() && mDisplayModePtr->getVrrConfig()) {
-        const auto vsyncTimePoint = TimePoint::fromNs(vsyncTime);
-        const Fps renderRate = mRenderRateOpt ? *mRenderRateOpt : mDisplayModePtr->getPeakFps();
-        mVsyncTrackerCallback.onVsyncGenerated(vsyncTimePoint, mDisplayModePtr, renderRate);
-    }
-    return vsyncTime;
+    return snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(baseTime);
 }
 
 nsecs_t VSyncPredictor::snapToVsyncAlignedWithRenderRate(nsecs_t timePoint) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
index 9191003..8fd7e60 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
@@ -37,11 +37,9 @@
      * \param [in] minimumSamplesForPrediction The minimum number of samples to collect before
      * predicting. \param [in] outlierTolerancePercent a number 0 to 100 that will be used to filter
      * samples that fall outlierTolerancePercent from an anticipated vsync event.
-     * \param [in] IVsyncTrackerCallback The callback for the VSyncTracker.
      */
     VSyncPredictor(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, size_t historySize,
-                   size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent,
-                   IVsyncTrackerCallback&);
+                   size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent);
     ~VSyncPredictor();
 
     bool addVsyncTimestamp(nsecs_t timestamp) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
@@ -106,7 +104,6 @@
     size_t const kHistorySize;
     size_t const kMinimumSamplesForPrediction;
     size_t const kOutlierTolerancePercent;
-    IVsyncTrackerCallback& mVsyncTrackerCallback;
     std::mutex mutable mMutex;
 
     std::optional<nsecs_t> mKnownTimestamp GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
index 417163f..37bd4b4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
@@ -26,12 +26,6 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-struct IVsyncTrackerCallback {
-    virtual ~IVsyncTrackerCallback() = default;
-    virtual void onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>,
-                                  Fps renderRate) = 0;
-};
-
 /*
  * VSyncTracker is an interface for providing estimates on future Vsync signal times based on
  * historical vsync timing data.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
index 3491600..001938c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
@@ -57,11 +57,10 @@
 };
 
 VsyncSchedule::VsyncSchedule(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, FeatureFlags features,
-                             RequestHardwareVsync requestHardwareVsync,
-                             IVsyncTrackerCallback& callback)
+                             RequestHardwareVsync requestHardwareVsync)
       : mId(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId()),
         mRequestHardwareVsync(std::move(requestHardwareVsync)),
-        mTracker(createTracker(modePtr, callback)),
+        mTracker(createTracker(modePtr)),
         mDispatch(createDispatch(mTracker)),
         mController(createController(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(), *mTracker, features)),
         mTracer(features.test(Feature::kTracePredictedVsync)
@@ -115,15 +114,14 @@
     mDispatch->dump(out);
 }
 
-VsyncSchedule::TrackerPtr VsyncSchedule::createTracker(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr,
-                                                       IVsyncTrackerCallback& callback) {
+VsyncSchedule::TrackerPtr VsyncSchedule::createTracker(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr) {
     // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
     constexpr size_t kHistorySize = 20;
     constexpr size_t kMinSamplesForPrediction = 6;
     constexpr uint32_t kDiscardOutlierPercent = 20;
 
     return std::make_unique<VSyncPredictor>(modePtr, kHistorySize, kMinSamplesForPrediction,
-                                            kDiscardOutlierPercent, callback);
+                                            kDiscardOutlierPercent);
 }
 
 VsyncSchedule::DispatchPtr VsyncSchedule::createDispatch(TrackerPtr tracker) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
index 6f656d2..85cd3e7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@
 public:
     using RequestHardwareVsync = std::function<void(PhysicalDisplayId, bool enabled)>;
 
-    VsyncSchedule(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, FeatureFlags, RequestHardwareVsync,
-                  IVsyncTrackerCallback&);
+    VsyncSchedule(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, FeatureFlags, RequestHardwareVsync);
     ~VsyncSchedule();
 
     // IVsyncSource overrides:
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@
     friend class android::VsyncScheduleTest;
     friend class android::fuzz::SchedulerFuzzer;
 
-    static TrackerPtr createTracker(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, IVsyncTrackerCallback&);
+    static TrackerPtr createTracker(ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr);
     static DispatchPtr createDispatch(TrackerPtr);
     static ControllerPtr createController(PhysicalDisplayId, VsyncTracker&, FeatureFlags);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/interface/ICompositor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/interface/ICompositor.h
index 12ee36e..8673a22 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/interface/ICompositor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/interface/ICompositor.h
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@
     virtual CompositeResultsPerDisplay composite(PhysicalDisplayId pacesetterId,
                                                  const scheduler::FrameTargeters&) = 0;
 
+    // Sends a hint about the expected present time
+    virtual void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId) = 0;
+
     // Samples the composited frame via RegionSamplingThread.
     virtual void sample() = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 51a11e2..7f50168 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@
 #include <common/FlagManager.h>
 #include <gui/LayerStatePermissions.h>
 #include <gui/SchedulingPolicy.h>
+#include <gui/SyncScreenCaptureListener.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayIdentification.h>
 #include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
 #include "Client.h"
@@ -800,7 +801,7 @@
 
 void chooseRenderEngineType(renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs::Builder& builder) {
     char prop[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    property_get(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_BACKEND, prop, "skiaglthreaded");
+    property_get(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_BACKEND, prop, "");
 
     if (strcmp(prop, "skiagl") == 0) {
         builder.setThreaded(renderengine::RenderEngine::Threaded::NO)
@@ -2752,23 +2753,11 @@
         refreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = std::chrono::milliseconds(mDebugFlashDelay);
     }
 
-    const TimePoint expectedPresentTime = pacesetterTarget.expectedPresentTime();
     // TODO(b/255601557) Update frameInterval per display
-    refreshArgs.frameInterval = mScheduler->getNextFrameInterval(pacesetterId, expectedPresentTime);
+    refreshArgs.frameInterval =
+            mScheduler->getNextFrameInterval(pacesetterId, pacesetterTarget.expectedPresentTime());
     refreshArgs.scheduledFrameTime = mScheduler->getScheduledFrameTime();
     refreshArgs.hasTrustedPresentationListener = mNumTrustedPresentationListeners > 0;
-    {
-        auto& notifyExpectedPresentData = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap[pacesetterId];
-        auto lastExpectedPresentTimestamp = TimePoint::fromNs(
-                notifyExpectedPresentData.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp.load().ns());
-        if (expectedPresentTime > lastExpectedPresentTimestamp) {
-            // If the values are not same, then hint is sent with newer value.
-            // And because composition always follows the notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired, we can
-            // skip updating the lastExpectedPresentTimestamp in this case.
-            notifyExpectedPresentData.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp
-                    .compare_exchange_weak(lastExpectedPresentTimestamp, expectedPresentTime);
-        }
-    }
     // Store the present time just before calling to the composition engine so we could notify
     // the scheduler.
     const auto presentTime = systemTime();
@@ -2832,6 +2821,7 @@
         scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 
+    mNotifyExpectedPresentMap[pacesetterId].hintStatus = NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Start;
     onCompositionPresented(pacesetterId, frameTargeters, presentTime);
 
     const bool hadGpuComposited =
@@ -3292,7 +3282,7 @@
 std::pair<DisplayModes, DisplayModePtr> SurfaceFlinger::loadDisplayModes(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
     std::vector<HWComposer::HWCDisplayMode> hwcModes;
-    std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> activeModeHwcId;
+    std::optional<hal::HWConfigId> activeModeHwcIdOpt;
 
     int attempt = 0;
     constexpr int kMaxAttempts = 3;
@@ -3300,10 +3290,10 @@
         hwcModes = getHwComposer().getModes(displayId,
                                             scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::kMinSupportedFrameRate
                                                     .getPeriodNsecs());
-        activeModeHwcId = getHwComposer().getActiveMode(displayId);
+        activeModeHwcIdOpt = getHwComposer().getActiveMode(displayId).value_opt();
 
-        const auto isActiveMode = [activeModeHwcId](const HWComposer::HWCDisplayMode& mode) {
-            return mode.hwcId == activeModeHwcId;
+        const auto isActiveMode = [activeModeHwcIdOpt](const HWComposer::HWCDisplayMode& mode) {
+            return mode.hwcId == activeModeHwcIdOpt;
         };
 
         if (std::any_of(hwcModes.begin(), hwcModes.end(), isActiveMode)) {
@@ -3313,7 +3303,7 @@
 
     if (attempt == kMaxAttempts) {
         const std::string activeMode =
-                activeModeHwcId ? std::to_string(*activeModeHwcId) : "unknown"s;
+                activeModeHwcIdOpt ? std::to_string(*activeModeHwcIdOpt) : "unknown"s;
         ALOGE("HWC failed to report an active mode that is supported: activeModeHwcId=%s, "
               "hwcModes={%s}",
               activeMode.c_str(), base::Join(hwcModes, ", ").c_str());
@@ -3357,8 +3347,8 @@
     // Keep IDs if modes have not changed.
     const auto& modes = sameModes ? oldModes : newModes;
     const DisplayModePtr activeMode =
-            std::find_if(modes.begin(), modes.end(), [activeModeHwcId](const auto& pair) {
-                return pair.second->getHwcId() == activeModeHwcId;
+            std::find_if(modes.begin(), modes.end(), [activeModeHwcIdOpt](const auto& pair) {
+                return pair.second->getHwcId() == activeModeHwcIdOpt;
             })->second;
 
     return {modes, activeMode};
@@ -4110,8 +4100,9 @@
     }
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
-                                      ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr, Fps renderRate) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
+                                                 ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr,
+                                                 Fps renderRate) {
     const auto vsyncPeriod = modePtr->getVsyncRate().getPeriod();
     const auto timeoutOpt = [&]() -> std::optional<Period> {
         const auto vrrConfig = modePtr->getVrrConfig();
@@ -4132,45 +4123,91 @@
                                                      TimePoint expectedPresentTime,
                                                      Fps frameInterval,
                                                      std::optional<Period> timeoutOpt) {
-    {
-        auto& data = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap[displayId];
-        const auto lastExpectedPresentTimestamp = data.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp.load();
-        const auto lastFrameInterval = data.lastFrameInterval;
-        data.lastFrameInterval = frameInterval;
-        const auto threshold = Duration::fromNs(vsyncPeriod.ns() / 2);
+    auto& data = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap[displayId];
+    const auto lastExpectedPresentTimestamp = data.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp;
+    const auto lastFrameInterval = data.lastFrameInterval;
+    data.lastFrameInterval = frameInterval;
+    data.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp = expectedPresentTime;
+    const auto threshold = Duration::fromNs(vsyncPeriod.ns() / 2);
 
-        const constexpr nsecs_t kOneSecondNs =
-                std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(1s).count();
-        const auto timeout = Period::fromNs(timeoutOpt && timeoutOpt->ns() > 0 ? timeoutOpt->ns()
-                                                                               : kOneSecondNs);
-        const bool frameIntervalIsOnCadence =
-                isFrameIntervalOnCadence(expectedPresentTime, lastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
-                                         lastFrameInterval, timeout, threshold);
+    const constexpr nsecs_t kOneSecondNs =
+            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(1s).count();
+    const auto timeout =
+            Period::fromNs(timeoutOpt && timeoutOpt->ns() > 0 ? timeoutOpt->ns() : kOneSecondNs);
+    const bool frameIntervalIsOnCadence =
+            isFrameIntervalOnCadence(expectedPresentTime, lastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
+                                     lastFrameInterval, timeout, threshold);
 
-        const bool expectedPresentWithinTimeout =
-                isExpectedPresentWithinTimeout(expectedPresentTime, lastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
-                                               timeoutOpt, threshold);
+    const bool expectedPresentWithinTimeout =
+            isExpectedPresentWithinTimeout(expectedPresentTime, lastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
+                                           timeoutOpt, threshold);
+    if (expectedPresentWithinTimeout && frameIntervalIsOnCadence) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-        using fps_approx_ops::operator!=;
-        if (frameIntervalIsOnCadence && frameInterval != lastFrameInterval) {
-            data.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp = expectedPresentTime;
-        }
-
-        if (expectedPresentWithinTimeout && frameIntervalIsOnCadence) {
+    auto hintStatus = data.hintStatus.load();
+    if (!expectedPresentWithinTimeout) {
+        if (hintStatus != NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Sent ||
+            (timeoutOpt && timeoutOpt->ns() == 0)) {
+            // Send the hint immediately if timeout, as the hint gets
+            // delayed otherwise, as the frame is scheduled close
+            // to the actual present.
+            if (data.hintStatus
+                        .compare_exchange_strong(hintStatus,
+                                                 NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnTx)) {
+                scheduleNotifyExpectedPresentHint(displayId);
+            }
             return;
         }
-        data.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp = expectedPresentTime;
+    }
+
+    if (hintStatus != NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Start) {
+        return;
+    }
+    data.hintStatus.store(NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnPresent);
+    mScheduler->scheduleFrame();
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+    auto itr = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.find(displayId);
+    if (itr == mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.end()) {
+        return;
     }
 
     const char* const whence = __func__;
-    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=, this]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
-        const auto status = getHwComposer().notifyExpectedPresent(displayId, expectedPresentTime,
-                                                                  frameInterval);
+    const auto sendHint = [=, this]() {
+        auto& data = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId);
+        data.hintStatus.store(NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Sent);
+        const auto status =
+                getHwComposer().notifyExpectedPresent(displayId, data.lastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
+                                                      data.lastFrameInterval);
         if (status != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("%s failed to notifyExpectedPresentHint for display %" PRId64, whence,
                   displayId.value);
         }
-    }));
+    };
+
+    if (itr->second.hintStatus == NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnTx) {
+        return static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=,
+                                                       this]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
+            auto& data = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId);
+            auto scheduleHintOnTx = NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnTx;
+            if (data.hintStatus.compare_exchange_strong(scheduleHintOnTx,
+                                                        NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Sent)) {
+                sendHint();
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+    sendHint();
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+    if (auto itr = mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.find(displayId);
+        itr == mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.end() ||
+        itr->second.hintStatus != NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnPresent) {
+        return;
+    }
+    scheduleNotifyExpectedPresentHint(displayId);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) {
@@ -4212,8 +4249,7 @@
 
     mScheduler = std::make_unique<Scheduler>(static_cast<ICompositor&>(*this),
                                              static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(*this), features,
-                                             getFactory(), activeRefreshRate, *mTimeStats,
-                                             static_cast<IVsyncTrackerCallback&>(*this));
+                                             getFactory(), activeRefreshRate, *mTimeStats);
     mScheduler->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
     if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
         mScheduler->setRenderRate(display->getPhysicalId(), activeMode.fps);
@@ -5732,7 +5768,7 @@
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceContainer:
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState:
             args.flags |= ISurfaceComposerClient::eNoColorFill;
-            FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+            [[fallthrough]];
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect: {
             result = createBufferStateLayer(args, &outResult.handle, &layer);
             std::atomic<int32_t>* pendingBufferCounter = layer->getPendingBufferCounter();
@@ -7739,6 +7775,12 @@
                         kAllowProtected, kGrayscale, captureListener);
 }
 
+ScreenCaptureResults SurfaceFlinger::captureLayersSync(const LayerCaptureArgs& args) {
+    sp<SyncScreenCaptureListener> captureListener = sp<SyncScreenCaptureListener>::make();
+    captureLayers(args, captureListener);
+    return captureListener->waitForResults();
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& args,
                                    const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -8152,14 +8194,23 @@
                                                      : ftl::yield(present()).share();
 
     for (auto& [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
-        layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::Future(presentFuture)
-                                        .then([layerFE = std::move(layerFE)](FenceResult) {
-                                            return layerFE->stealCompositionResult()
-                                                    .releaseFences.back()
-                                                    .first.get();
-                                        })
-                                        .share(),
-                                ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
+        layer->onLayerDisplayed(presentFuture, ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK,
+                                [layerFE = std::move(layerFE)](FenceResult) {
+                                    if (FlagManager::getInstance()
+                                                .screenshot_fence_preservation()) {
+                                        const auto compositionResult =
+                                                layerFE->stealCompositionResult();
+                                        const auto& fences = compositionResult.releaseFences;
+                                        // CompositionEngine may choose to cull layers that
+                                        // aren't visible, so pass a non-fence.
+                                        return fences.empty() ? Fence::NO_FENCE
+                                                              : fences.back().first.get();
+                                    } else {
+                                        return layerFE->stealCompositionResult()
+                                                .releaseFences.back()
+                                                .first.get();
+                                    }
+                                });
     }
 
     return presentFuture;
@@ -9578,6 +9629,12 @@
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_ERROR);
 }
 
+binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::captureLayersSync(const LayerCaptureArgs& args,
+                                                      ScreenCaptureResults* outResults) {
+    *outResults = mFlinger->captureLayersSync(args);
+    return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_ERROR);
+}
+
 binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::captureLayers(
         const LayerCaptureArgs& args, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     mFlinger->captureLayers(args, captureListener);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 7cfe46c..992bc00 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@
                        private HWC2::ComposerCallback,
                        private ICompositor,
                        private scheduler::ISchedulerCallback,
-                       private compositionengine::ICEPowerCallback,
-                       private scheduler::IVsyncTrackerCallback {
+                       private compositionengine::ICEPowerCallback {
 public:
     struct SkipInitializationTag {};
 
@@ -560,6 +559,7 @@
 
     void captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
     void captureDisplay(DisplayId, const CaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    ScreenCaptureResults captureLayersSync(const LayerCaptureArgs&);
     void captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
 
     status_t getDisplayStats(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, DisplayStatInfo* stats);
@@ -685,14 +685,12 @@
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) override;
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() override;
     void onChoreographerAttached() override;
+    void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>,
+                                     Fps renderRate) override;
 
     // ICEPowerCallback overrides:
     void notifyCpuLoadUp() override;
 
-    // IVsyncTrackerCallback overrides
-    void onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint expectedPresentTime, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>,
-                          Fps renderRate) override;
-
     // Toggles the kernel idle timer on or off depending the policy decisions around refresh rates.
     void toggleKernelIdleTimer() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
@@ -1481,14 +1479,28 @@
     ftl::SmallMap<int64_t, sp<SurfaceControl>, 3> mMirrorMapForDebug;
 
     // NotifyExpectedPresentHint
+    enum class NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus {
+        // Represents that framework can start sending hint if required.
+        Start,
+        // Represents that the hint is already sent.
+        Sent,
+        // Represents that the hint will be scheduled with a new frame.
+        ScheduleOnPresent,
+        // Represents that a hint will be sent instantly by scheduling on the main thread.
+        ScheduleOnTx
+    };
     struct NotifyExpectedPresentData {
-        // lastExpectedPresentTimestamp is read and write from multiple threads such as
-        // main thread, EventThread, MessageQueue. And is atomic for that reason.
-        std::atomic<TimePoint> lastExpectedPresentTimestamp{};
+        TimePoint lastExpectedPresentTimestamp{};
         Fps lastFrameInterval{};
+        // hintStatus is read and write from multiple threads such as
+        // main thread, EventThread. And is atomic for that reason.
+        std::atomic<NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus> hintStatus =
+                NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Start;
     };
     std::unordered_map<PhysicalDisplayId, NotifyExpectedPresentData> mNotifyExpectedPresentMap;
-
+    void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) override
+            REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void scheduleNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId displayId);
     void notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(PhysicalDisplayId, Period vsyncPeriod,
                                          TimePoint expectedPresentTime, Fps frameInterval,
                                          std::optional<Period> timeoutOpt);
@@ -1547,6 +1559,7 @@
                                       const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override;
     binder::Status captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&,
                                  const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override;
+    binder::Status captureLayersSync(const LayerCaptureArgs&, ScreenCaptureResults* results);
 
     // TODO(b/239076119): Remove deprecated AIDL.
     [[deprecated]] binder::Status clearAnimationFrameStats() override {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
index 6a155c1..7b5298c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "TransactionCallbackInvoker.h"
 #include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
+#include "Utils/FenceUtils.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
@@ -127,33 +128,8 @@
     sp<IBinder> surfaceControl = handle->surfaceControl.promote();
     if (surfaceControl) {
         sp<Fence> prevFence = nullptr;
-
         for (const auto& future : handle->previousReleaseFences) {
-            sp<Fence> currentFence = future.get().value_or(Fence::NO_FENCE);
-            if (prevFence == nullptr && currentFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid) {
-                prevFence = std::move(currentFence);
-            } else if (prevFence != nullptr) {
-                // If both fences are signaled or both are unsignaled, we need to merge
-                // them to get an accurate timestamp.
-                if (prevFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid &&
-                    prevFence->getStatus() == currentFence->getStatus()) {
-                    char fenceName[32] = {};
-                    snprintf(fenceName, 32, "%.28s", handle->name.c_str());
-                    sp<Fence> mergedFence = Fence::merge(fenceName, prevFence, currentFence);
-                    if (mergedFence->isValid()) {
-                        prevFence = std::move(mergedFence);
-                    }
-                } else if (currentFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
-                    // If one fence has signaled and the other hasn't, the unsignaled
-                    // fence will approximately correspond with the correct timestamp.
-                    // There's a small race if both fences signal at about the same time
-                    // and their statuses are retrieved with unfortunate timing. However,
-                    // by this point, they will have both signaled and only the timestamp
-                    // will be slightly off; any dependencies after this point will
-                    // already have been met.
-                    prevFence = std::move(currentFence);
-                }
-            }
+            mergeFence(handle->name.c_str(), future.get().value_or(Fence::NO_FENCE), prevFence);
         }
         handle->previousReleaseFence = prevFence;
         handle->previousReleaseFences.clear();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FenceUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FenceUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6f7006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FenceUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ui/Fence.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+// TODO: measure if Fence::merge is cheaper
+inline void mergeFence(const char* debugName, sp<Fence>&& incomingFence, sp<Fence>& prevFence) {
+    if (prevFence == nullptr && incomingFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid) {
+        prevFence = std::move(incomingFence);
+    } else if (prevFence != nullptr) {
+        // If both fences are signaled or both are unsignaled, we need to merge
+        // them to get an accurate timestamp.
+        if (prevFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid &&
+            prevFence->getStatus() == incomingFence->getStatus()) {
+            char fenceName[32] = {};
+            snprintf(fenceName, 32, "%.28s", debugName);
+            sp<Fence> mergedFence = Fence::merge(fenceName, prevFence, incomingFence);
+            if (mergedFence->isValid()) {
+                prevFence = std::move(mergedFence);
+            }
+        } else if (incomingFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
+            // If one fence has signaled and the other hasn't, the unsignaled
+            // fence will approximately correspond with the correct timestamp.
+            // There's a small race if both fences signal at about the same time
+            // and their statuses are retrieved with unfortunate timing. However,
+            // by this point, they will have both signaled and only the timestamp
+            // will be slightly off; any dependencies after this point will
+            // already have been met.
+            prevFence = std::move(incomingFence);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
index 255b517..b07e7ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(fp16_client_target);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(game_default_frame_rate);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(enable_layer_command_batching);
+    DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(screenshot_fence_preservation);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vulkan_renderengine);
 #undef DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG
 #undef DUMP_SERVER_FLAG
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(fp16_client_target, "debug.sf.fp16_client_target")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(game_default_frame_rate, "")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(enable_layer_command_batching, "")
+FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(screenshot_fence_preservation, "debug.sf.screenshot_fence_preservation")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vulkan_renderengine, "debug.renderengine.vulkan")
 
 /// Trunk stable server flags ///
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
index 15938c0..2a30a40 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
     bool fp16_client_target() const;
     bool game_default_frame_rate() const;
     bool enable_layer_command_batching() const;
+    bool screenshot_fence_preservation() const;
     bool vulkan_renderengine() const;
 
 protected:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp
index 68237c8..682079f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_displayhardware_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@
     void invokeComposerHal2_2(Hwc2::AidlComposer*, Display, Hwc2::V2_4::hal::Layer);
     void invokeComposerHal2_3(Hwc2::AidlComposer*, Display, Hwc2::V2_4::hal::Layer);
     void invokeComposerHal2_4(Hwc2::AidlComposer*, Display, Hwc2::V2_4::hal::Layer);
-    void getDisplayVsyncPeriod();
     void setActiveModeWithConstraints();
     void getDisplayIdentificationData();
     void dumpHwc();
@@ -202,11 +201,6 @@
     return display;
 }
 
-void DisplayHardwareFuzzer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod() {
-    nsecs_t outVsyncPeriod;
-    mHwc.getDisplayVsyncPeriod(mPhysicalDisplayId, &outVsyncPeriod);
-}
-
 void DisplayHardwareFuzzer::setActiveModeWithConstraints() {
     hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline outTimeline;
     mHwc.setActiveModeWithConstraints(mPhysicalDisplayId, kActiveConfig, {} /*constraints*/,
@@ -617,8 +611,7 @@
 
     mHwc.getDisplayConnectionType(mPhysicalDisplayId);
     mHwc.isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported(mPhysicalDisplayId);
-
-    getDisplayVsyncPeriod();
+    mHwc.getDisplayVsyncPeriod(mPhysicalDisplayId);
 
     setActiveModeWithConstraints();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
index fa79956..0d15f62 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@
                       VsyncSchedule::TrackerPtr tracker,
                       std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector> selectorPtr,
                       surfaceflinger::Factory& factory, TimeStats& timeStats,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& callback, IVsyncTrackerCallback& vsyncTrackerCallback)
+                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection, factory,
-                      selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps, timeStats, vsyncTrackerCallback) {
+                      selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps, timeStats) {
         const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
         registerDisplayInternal(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr),
                                 std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>(
@@ -289,6 +289,8 @@
     }
     void sample() override {}
 
+    void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId) override {}
+
     // MessageQueue overrides:
     void scheduleFrame() override {}
     void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&& handler) override { handler->handleMessage(Message()); }
@@ -396,8 +398,7 @@
 } // namespace surfaceflinger::test
 
 // TODO(b/189053744) : Create a common test/mock library for surfaceflinger
-class TestableSurfaceFlinger final : private scheduler::ISchedulerCallback,
-                                     private scheduler::IVsyncTrackerCallback {
+class TestableSurfaceFlinger final : private scheduler::ISchedulerCallback {
 public:
     using HotplugEvent = SurfaceFlinger::HotplugEvent;
 
@@ -660,7 +661,6 @@
                         std::unique_ptr<EventThread> appEventThread,
                         std::unique_ptr<EventThread> sfEventThread,
                         scheduler::ISchedulerCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                        scheduler::IVsyncTrackerCallback* vsyncTrackerCallback = nullptr,
                         bool hasMultipleModes = false) {
         constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId60{0};
         DisplayModes modes = makeModes(mock::createDisplayMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz));
@@ -675,8 +675,7 @@
         mScheduler = new scheduler::TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController),
                                                       std::move(vsyncTracker), mRefreshRateSelector,
                                                       mFactory, *mFlinger->mTimeStats,
-                                                      *(callback ?: this),
-                                                      *(vsyncTrackerCallback ?: this));
+                                                      *(callback ?: this));
 
         mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
         mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(sfEventThread));
@@ -796,9 +795,7 @@
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool) override {}
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() override {}
     void onChoreographerAttached() override {}
-
-    // IVsyncTrackerCallback overrides
-    void onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps) override {}
+    void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps) override {}
 
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger =
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
index a6b12d0..8cd6e1b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
     bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) override { return false; }
     Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) override { return kSyncPeriod; }
     void resync() override {}
+    void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint) override {}
 };
 
 void SchedulerFuzzer::fuzzEventThread() {
@@ -180,21 +181,15 @@
     dump<scheduler::VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry>(&entry, &mFdp);
 }
 
-struct VsyncTrackerCallback : public scheduler::IVsyncTrackerCallback {
-    void onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps) override {}
-};
-
 void SchedulerFuzzer::fuzzVSyncPredictor() {
     uint16_t now = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>();
     uint16_t historySize = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint16_t>(1, UINT16_MAX);
     uint16_t minimumSamplesForPrediction = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint16_t>(1, UINT16_MAX);
     nsecs_t idealPeriod = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<nsecs_t>(1, UINT32_MAX);
-    VsyncTrackerCallback callback;
     const auto mode = ftl::as_non_null(
             mock::createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(0), Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(idealPeriod)));
     scheduler::VSyncPredictor tracker{mode, historySize, minimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                                      mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /*outlierTolerancePercent*/,
-                                      callback};
+                                      mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /*outlierTolerancePercent*/};
     uint16_t period = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>();
     tracker.setDisplayModePtr(ftl::as_non_null(
             mock::createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(0), Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(period))));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
index f097a13..fcbef01 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
@@ -166,3 +166,11 @@
   bug: "293371537"
   is_fixed_read_only: true
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "screenshot_fence_preservation"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "Bug fix around screenshot fences"
+  bug: "302703346"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index 1379665..fa31643 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@
                             std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mEventThread),
                             std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mSFEventThread),
                             TestableSurfaceFlinger::DefaultDisplayMode{displayId},
-                            TestableSurfaceFlinger::SchedulerCallbackImpl::kMock,
-                            TestableSurfaceFlinger::VsyncTrackerCallbackImpl::kMock);
+                            TestableSurfaceFlinger::SchedulerCallbackImpl::kMock);
 }
 
 void DisplayTransactionTest::injectMockComposer(int virtualDisplayCount) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index 45db0c5..d5ec654 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
     bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) override;
     Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) override;
     void resync() override;
+    void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint) override;
 
     void setupEventThread();
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> createConnection(ConnectionEventRecorder& recorder,
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@
                                                       int32_t expectedConfigId,
                                                       nsecs_t expectedVsyncPeriod);
     void expectThrottleVsyncReceived(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, uid_t);
+    void expectOnExpectedPresentTimePosted(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime);
     void expectUidFrameRateMappingEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                             std::vector<FrameRateOverride>);
 
@@ -131,6 +133,7 @@
             mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder;
     AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)()> mResyncCallRecorder;
     AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(nsecs_t, uid_t)> mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder;
+    AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(nsecs_t)> mOnExpectedPresentTimePostedRecorder;
     ConnectionEventRecorder mConnectionEventCallRecorder{0};
     ConnectionEventRecorder mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder{0};
 
@@ -190,6 +193,10 @@
     mResyncCallRecorder.recordCall();
 }
 
+void EventThreadTest::onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint expectedPresentTime) {
+    mOnExpectedPresentTimePostedRecorder.recordCall(expectedPresentTime.ns());
+}
+
 void EventThreadTest::setupEventThread() {
     mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
     mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>("EventThreadTest", mVsyncSchedule,
@@ -244,6 +251,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(uid, std::get<1>(args.value()));
 }
 
+void EventThreadTest::expectOnExpectedPresentTimePosted(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) {
+    auto args = mOnExpectedPresentTimePostedRecorder.waitForCall();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expectedPresentTime, std::get<0>(args.value()));
+}
+
 void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(
         const char* name, ConnectionEventRecorder& connectionEventRecorder,
         nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount) {
@@ -410,6 +423,7 @@
     onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(456, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(123, 1u);
+    expectOnExpectedPresentTimePosted(456);
 
     // EventThread is requesting one more callback due to VsyncRequest::SingleSuppressCallback
     expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
@@ -562,16 +576,19 @@
     onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(456, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(123, 1u);
+    expectOnExpectedPresentTimePosted(456);
 
     // A second event should go to the same places.
     onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(123, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(456, 2u);
+    expectOnExpectedPresentTimePosted(123);
 
     // A third event should go to the same places.
     onVSyncEvent(789, 777, 111);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(777, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(789, 3u);
+    expectOnExpectedPresentTimePosted(777);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateTwoPostsEveryOtherEventToThatConnection) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
index a5c0657..a25804c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(HWComposerTest, getActiveMode) {
     // Unknown display.
-    EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0)), ftl::Unexpected(BAD_INDEX));
 
     constexpr hal::HWDisplayId kHwcDisplayId = 2;
     expectHotplugConnect(kHwcDisplayId);
@@ -117,14 +117,20 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getActiveConfig(kHwcDisplayId, _))
                 .WillOnce(Return(HalError::BAD_DISPLAY));
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(info->id), std::nullopt);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(info->id), ftl::Unexpected(UNKNOWN_ERROR));
+    }
+    {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getActiveConfig(kHwcDisplayId, _))
+                .WillOnce(Return(HalError::BAD_CONFIG));
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(info->id), ftl::Unexpected(NO_INIT));
     }
     {
         constexpr hal::HWConfigId kConfigId = 42;
         EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getActiveConfig(kHwcDisplayId, _))
                 .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(kConfigId), Return(HalError::NONE)));
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(info->id), kConfigId);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mHwc.getActiveMode(info->id).value_opt(), kConfigId);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp
index 734fddb..01762c1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryIntegrationTest.cpp
@@ -165,12 +165,8 @@
                                                   DisplayModeId(0));
 
     mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
-    mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
-
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler =
-            new TestableScheduler(mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback, mVsyncTrackerCallback);
+    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback);
 };
 
 namespace {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index 9456e37..bc06a31 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -146,11 +146,8 @@
                                                   DisplayModeId(0));
 
     mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
-
-    mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler =
-            new TestableScheduler(mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback, mVsyncTrackerCallback);
+    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback);
 };
 
 namespace {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
index 22cfbd8..9fe9ee8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
@@ -64,10 +64,8 @@
                                                                               HI_FPS)),
                                                   DisplayModeId(0));
     mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
-    mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler =
-            new TestableScheduler(mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback, mVsyncTrackerCallback);
+    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback);
 };
 
 namespace {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
index 249ed40..f5661fc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
         return {};
     }
     void sample() override {}
+    void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId) {}
 } gNoOpCompositor;
 
 class TestableMessageQueue : public impl::MessageQueue {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index 1e526ba..c03cbd7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -1624,6 +1624,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, actualFrameRateMode.fps);
     EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, actualFrameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
 
+    // No touch boost, for example a game that uses setFrameRate(30, default compatibility).
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
     lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
     lr1.name = "ExplicitCategory HighHint";
@@ -1652,8 +1653,9 @@
     lr2.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::Low;
     lr2.name = "ExplicitCategory Low";
     actualFrameRateMode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers);
-    EXPECT_EQ(30_Hz, actualFrameRateMode.fps);
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId30, actualFrameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
+    // Gets touch boost
+    EXPECT_EQ(120_Hz, actualFrameRateMode.fps);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, actualFrameRateMode.modePtr->getId());
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitCategory;
     lr1.frameRateCategory = FrameRateCategory::HighHint;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 6986689..10c5848 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -95,10 +95,8 @@
                                                   kDisplay1Mode60->getId());
 
     mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
-    mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler =
-            new TestableScheduler{mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback, mVsyncTrackerCallback};
+    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = new TestableScheduler{mSelector, mFlinger, mSchedulerCallback};
     surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder;
 
     ConnectionHandle mConnectionHandle;
@@ -516,6 +514,7 @@
         }
 
         void sample() override {}
+        void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId) override {}
     } compositor(*mScheduler);
 
     mScheduler->doFrameSignal(compositor, VsyncId(42));
@@ -568,7 +567,7 @@
                                                         frameRate.getPeriodNsecs())}));
     std::shared_ptr<VSyncPredictor> vrrTracker =
             std::make_shared<VSyncPredictor>(kMode, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                                             kOutlierTolerancePercent, mVsyncTrackerCallback);
+                                             kOutlierTolerancePercent);
     std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector> vrrSelectorPtr =
             std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(makeModes(kMode), kMode->getId());
     TestableScheduler scheduler{std::make_unique<android::mock::VsyncController>(),
@@ -576,8 +575,7 @@
                                 vrrSelectorPtr,
                                 mFlinger.getFactory(),
                                 mFlinger.getTimeStats(),
-                                mSchedulerCallback,
-                                mVsyncTrackerCallback};
+                                mSchedulerCallback};
 
     scheduler.registerDisplay(kMode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), vrrSelectorPtr, vrrTracker);
     vrrSelectorPtr->setActiveMode(kMode->getId(), frameRate);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyExpectedPresentTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyExpectedPresentTest.cpp
index 7206e29..91b9018 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyExpectedPresentTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyExpectedPresentTest.cpp
@@ -17,31 +17,81 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
 
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include "DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
 using FakeHwcDisplayInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector;
+using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Error;
 
 class NotifyExpectedPresentTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
 public:
     void SetUp() override {
-        mDisplay = PrimaryDisplayVariant::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this).inject();
-        FakeHwcDisplayInjector(mDisplay->getPhysicalId(), hal::DisplayType::PHYSICAL, kIsPrimary)
+        const auto display = PrimaryDisplayVariant::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this).inject();
+        mPhysicalDisplayId = display->getPhysicalId();
+        FakeHwcDisplayInjector(mPhysicalDisplayId, hal::DisplayType::PHYSICAL, /*isPrimary=*/true)
                 .setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON)
                 .inject(&mFlinger, mComposer);
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFlinger.setNotifyExpectedPresentData(mPhysicalDisplayId,
+                                                                      TimePoint::fromNs(0),
+                                                                      kFps60Hz));
+        mCompositor = std::make_unique<Compositor>(mPhysicalDisplayId, mFlinger);
     }
 
 protected:
-    sp<DisplayDevice> mDisplay;
-    static constexpr bool kIsPrimary = true;
-    static constexpr hal::HWDisplayId HWC_DISPLAY_ID =
-            FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
-};
+    struct Compositor final : ICompositor {
+        explicit Compositor(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, TestableSurfaceFlinger& surfaceFlinger)
+              : displayId(displayId), surfaceFlinger(surfaceFlinger) {}
 
-TEST_F(NotifyExpectedPresentTest, notifyExpectedPresentTimeout) {
-    const auto physicDisplayId = mDisplay->getPhysicalId();
-    auto expectedPresentTime = systemTime() + ms2ns(10);
+        void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId id) override {
+            surfaceFlinger.sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(id);
+        }
+
+        bool commit(PhysicalDisplayId, const scheduler::FrameTargets&) override {
+            return committed;
+        }
+
+        CompositeResultsPerDisplay composite(PhysicalDisplayId pacesetterId,
+                                             const scheduler::FrameTargeters& targeters) override {
+            pacesetterIds.composite = pacesetterId;
+            CompositeResultsPerDisplay results;
+
+            for (const auto& [id, targeter] : targeters) {
+                vsyncIds.composite.emplace_back(id, targeter->target().vsyncId());
+                surfaceFlinger.resetNotifyExpectedPresentHintState(pacesetterId);
+                results.try_emplace(id,
+                                    CompositeResult{.compositionCoverage =
+                                                            CompositionCoverage::Hwc});
+            }
+
+            return results;
+        }
+
+        void sample() override {}
+        void configure() override {}
+
+        struct {
+            PhysicalDisplayId commit;
+            PhysicalDisplayId composite;
+        } pacesetterIds;
+
+        using VsyncIds = std::vector<std::pair<PhysicalDisplayId, VsyncId>>;
+        struct {
+            VsyncIds commit;
+            VsyncIds composite;
+        } vsyncIds;
+
+        bool committed = true;
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId;
+        TestableSurfaceFlinger& surfaceFlinger;
+    };
+
+    PhysicalDisplayId mPhysicalDisplayId;
+    std::unique_ptr<Compositor> mCompositor;
+    static constexpr hal::HWDisplayId kHwcDisplayId =
+            FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
     static constexpr Fps kFps60Hz = 60_Hz;
     static constexpr int32_t kFrameInterval5HzNs = static_cast<Fps>(5_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     static constexpr int32_t kFrameInterval60HzNs = kFps60Hz.getPeriodNsecs();
@@ -49,89 +99,171 @@
     static constexpr Period kVsyncPeriod =
             Period::fromNs(static_cast<Fps>(240_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     static constexpr Period kTimeoutNs = Period::fromNs(kFrameInterval5HzNs);
-    static constexpr auto kLastExpectedPresentTimestamp = TimePoint::fromNs(0);
+};
 
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFlinger.setNotifyExpectedPresentData(physicDisplayId,
-                                                                  kLastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
-                                                                  kFps60Hz));
-
-    {
-        // Very first ExpectedPresent after idle, no previous timestamp
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                    notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, expectedPresentTime,
-                                          kFrameInterval60HzNs))
-                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
-                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
-                                                 kTimeoutNs);
-    }
-    {
-        // Absent timeoutNs
+TEST_F(NotifyExpectedPresentTest, noNotifyExpectedPresentHintCall_absentTimeout) {
+    auto expectedPresentTime = systemTime() + ms2ns(10);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mFlinger.setNotifyExpectedPresentData(mPhysicalDisplayId,
+                                                  TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime),
+                                                  kFps60Hz));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, _, _)).Times(0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
         expectedPresentTime += 2 * kFrameInterval5HzNs;
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _)).Times(0);
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
                                                  TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
                                                  /*timeoutOpt*/ std::nullopt);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
     }
+}
+
+TEST_F(NotifyExpectedPresentTest, notifyExpectedPresentHint_zeroTimeout) {
+    auto expectedPresentTime = systemTime() + ms2ns(10);
     {
-        // Timeout is 0
-        expectedPresentTime += kFrameInterval60HzNs;
+        // Very first ExpectedPresent after idle, no previous timestamp.
         EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                    notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, expectedPresentTime,
-                                          kFrameInterval60HzNs))
+                    notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, kFrameInterval60HzNs))
                 .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
-                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
-                                                 Period::fromNs(0));
-    }
-    {
-        // ExpectedPresent is after the timeoutNs
-        expectedPresentTime += 2 * kFrameInterval5HzNs;
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                    notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, expectedPresentTime,
-                                          kFrameInterval60HzNs))
-                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
                                                  TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
                                                  kTimeoutNs);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+
+        // Present frame
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        // Present happens and NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus is start.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+    }
+    {
+        mCompositor->committed = false;
+        expectedPresentTime += kFrameInterval60HzNs;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                    notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, kFrameInterval60HzNs))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
+                                                 Period::fromNs(0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        // Hint sent
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+    }
+    {
+        expectedPresentTime += kFrameInterval60HzNs;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                    notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, kFrameInterval60HzNs))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
+                                                 Period::fromNs(0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        // Hint is executed
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(NotifyExpectedPresentTest, notifyExpectedPresentTimeout) {
+    auto expectedPresentTime = systemTime() + ms2ns(10);
+    {
+        // Very first ExpectedPresent after idle, no previous timestamp
+        mCompositor->committed = false;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                    notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, kFrameInterval60HzNs))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
+                                                 kTimeoutNs);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+    }
+    {
+        // ExpectedPresentTime is after the timeoutNs
+        mCompositor->committed = true;
+        expectedPresentTime += 2 * kFrameInterval5HzNs;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, _, _)).Times(0);
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
+                                                 kTimeoutNs);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        // Present happens notifyExpectedPresentHintStatus is Start
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+
+        // Another expectedPresent after timeout
+        expectedPresentTime += 2 * kFrameInterval5HzNs;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                    notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, kFrameInterval60HzNs))
+                .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
+                                                 kTimeoutNs);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
     }
     {
         // ExpectedPresent has not changed
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _)).Times(0);
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, _, _)).Times(0);
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
                                                  TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
                                                  kTimeoutNs);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
     }
     {
-        // ExpectedPresent is after the last reported ExpectedPresent.
+        // ExpectedPresent is after the last reported ExpectedPresent and within timeout.
         expectedPresentTime += kFrameInterval60HzNs;
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _)).Times(0);
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, _, _)).Times(0);
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
                                                  TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
                                                  kTimeoutNs);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintStatusIsStart(mPhysicalDisplayId));
     }
     {
         // ExpectedPresent is before the last reported ExpectedPresent but after the timeoutNs,
         // representing we changed our decision and want to present earlier than previously
         // reported.
+        mCompositor->committed = false;
         expectedPresentTime -= kFrameInterval120HzNs;
         EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                    notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, expectedPresentTime,
-                                          kFrameInterval60HzNs))
+                    notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, kFrameInterval60HzNs))
                 .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
                                                  TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime), kFps60Hz,
                                                  kTimeoutNs);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsScheduledOnPresent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsSent(mPhysicalDisplayId));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(NotifyExpectedPresentTest, notifyExpectedPresentRenderRateChanged) {
-    const auto physicDisplayId = mDisplay->getPhysicalId();
     const auto now = systemTime();
     auto expectedPresentTime = now;
     static constexpr Period kTimeoutNs = Period::fromNs(static_cast<Fps>(1_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
 
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFlinger.setNotifyExpectedPresentData(physicDisplayId,
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFlinger.setNotifyExpectedPresentData(mPhysicalDisplayId,
                                                                   TimePoint::fromNs(now),
                                                                   Fps::fromValue(0)));
     static constexpr int32_t kFrameIntervalNs120Hz = static_cast<Fps>(120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
@@ -147,7 +279,7 @@
 
     struct FrameRateIntervalTestData {
         int32_t frameIntervalNs;
-        bool callExpectedPresent;
+        bool callNotifyExpectedPresentHint;
     };
     const std::vector<FrameRateIntervalTestData> frameIntervals = {
             {kFrameIntervalNs60Hz, true},  {kFrameIntervalNs96Hz, true},
@@ -159,21 +291,35 @@
             {kFrameIntervalNs20Hz, false}, {kFrameIntervalNs120Hz, true},
     };
 
-    for (const auto& [frameIntervalNs, callExpectedPresent] : frameIntervals) {
-        {
-            expectedPresentTime += frameIntervalNs;
-            if (callExpectedPresent) {
-                EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                            notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, expectedPresentTime,
-                                                  frameIntervalNs))
-                        .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-            } else {
-                EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(HWC_DISPLAY_ID, _, _)).Times(0);
-            }
-            mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(physicDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
-                                                     TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime),
-                                                     Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(frameIntervalNs),
-                                                     kTimeoutNs);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < frameIntervals.size(); i++) {
+        const auto& [frameIntervalNs, callNotifyExpectedPresentHint] = frameIntervals[i];
+        expectedPresentTime += frameIntervalNs;
+        mFlinger.notifyExpectedPresentIfRequired(mPhysicalDisplayId, kVsyncPeriod,
+                                                 TimePoint::fromNs(expectedPresentTime),
+                                                 Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(frameIntervalNs), kTimeoutNs);
+
+        if (callNotifyExpectedPresentHint) {
+            mCompositor->committed = false;
+            ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.verifyHintIsScheduledOnPresent(mPhysicalDisplayId))
+                    << "Hint not scheduled for frameInterval " << frameIntervalNs << " at index "
+                    << i;
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                        notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, expectedPresentTime, frameIntervalNs))
+                    .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+        } else {
+            // Only lastExpectedPresentTime is updated
+            EXPECT_TRUE(
+                    mFlinger.verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(mPhysicalDisplayId, expectedPresentTime))
+                    << "LastExpectedPresentTime for frameInterval " << frameIntervalNs
+                    << "at index " << i << " did not match for frameInterval " << frameIntervalNs;
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, notifyExpectedPresent(kHwcDisplayId, _, _)).Times(0);
+        }
+        mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
+
+        if (callNotifyExpectedPresentHint) {
+            // Present resumes the calls to the notifyExpectedPresentHint.
+            mCompositor->committed = true;
+            mFlinger.scheduler()->doFrameSignal(*mCompositor, VsyncId{42});
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.cpp
index e0b7366..7b92a5b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,10 @@
 
 TestableScheduler::TestableScheduler(RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
                                      TestableSurfaceFlinger& testableSurfaceFlinger,
-                                     ISchedulerCallback& callback,
-                                     IVsyncTrackerCallback& vsyncTrackerCallback)
+                                     ISchedulerCallback& callback)
       : TestableScheduler(std::make_unique<android::mock::VsyncController>(),
                           std::make_shared<android::mock::VSyncTracker>(), std::move(selectorPtr),
                           testableSurfaceFlinger.getFactory(),
-                          testableSurfaceFlinger.getTimeStats(), callback, vsyncTrackerCallback) {}
+                          testableSurfaceFlinger.getTimeStats(), callback) {}
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index 6213713..25a85df 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -41,18 +41,16 @@
 class TestableScheduler : public Scheduler, private ICompositor {
 public:
     TestableScheduler(RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
-                      TestableSurfaceFlinger& testableSurfaceFlinger, ISchedulerCallback& callback,
-                      IVsyncTrackerCallback& vsyncTrackerCallback);
+                      TestableSurfaceFlinger& testableSurfaceFlinger, ISchedulerCallback& callback);
 
     TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<VsyncController> controller,
                       std::shared_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
                       surfaceflinger::Factory& factory, TimeStats& timeStats,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& schedulerCallback,
-                      IVsyncTrackerCallback& vsyncTrackerCallback)
+                      ISchedulerCallback& schedulerCallback)
           : Scheduler(*this, schedulerCallback,
                       (FeatureFlags)Feature::kContentDetection |
                               Feature::kSmallDirtyContentDetection,
-                      factory, selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps, timeStats, vsyncTrackerCallback) {
+                      factory, selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps, timeStats) {
         const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
         registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr), std::move(controller),
                         std::move(tracker));
@@ -210,6 +208,7 @@
         return {};
     }
     void sample() override {}
+    void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId) override {}
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 9ef0749..46a079c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 #include "mock/MockFrameTimeline.h"
 #include "mock/MockFrameTracer.h"
 #include "mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h"
-#include "mock/MockVsyncTrackerCallback.h"
 #include "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.h"
 
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h"
@@ -205,8 +204,6 @@
 
     enum class SchedulerCallbackImpl { kNoOp, kMock };
 
-    enum class VsyncTrackerCallbackImpl { kNoOp, kMock };
-
     struct DefaultDisplayMode {
         // The ID of the injected RefreshRateSelector and its default display mode.
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId;
@@ -220,14 +217,13 @@
 
     TimeStats& getTimeStats() { return *mFlinger->mTimeStats; }
 
-    void setupScheduler(
-            std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController> vsyncController,
-            std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
-            std::unique_ptr<EventThread> appEventThread, std::unique_ptr<EventThread> sfEventThread,
-            DisplayModesVariant modesVariant,
-            SchedulerCallbackImpl callbackImpl = SchedulerCallbackImpl::kNoOp,
-            VsyncTrackerCallbackImpl vsyncTrackerCallbackImpl = VsyncTrackerCallbackImpl::kNoOp,
-            bool useNiceMock = false) {
+    void setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController> vsyncController,
+                        std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
+                        std::unique_ptr<EventThread> appEventThread,
+                        std::unique_ptr<EventThread> sfEventThread,
+                        DisplayModesVariant modesVariant,
+                        SchedulerCallbackImpl callbackImpl = SchedulerCallbackImpl::kNoOp,
+                        bool useNiceMock = false) {
         RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr = ftl::match(
                 modesVariant,
                 [](DefaultDisplayMode arg) {
@@ -245,12 +241,6 @@
                 ? static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(mNoOpSchedulerCallback)
                 : static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(mSchedulerCallback);
 
-        using VsyncTrackerCallback = scheduler::IVsyncTrackerCallback;
-        VsyncTrackerCallback& vsyncTrackerCallback =
-                vsyncTrackerCallbackImpl == VsyncTrackerCallbackImpl::kNoOp
-                ? static_cast<VsyncTrackerCallback&>(mNoOpVsyncTrackerCallback)
-                : static_cast<VsyncTrackerCallback&>(mVsyncTrackerCallback);
-
         if (useNiceMock) {
             mScheduler =
                     new testing::NiceMock<scheduler::TestableScheduler>(std::move(vsyncController),
@@ -258,14 +248,12 @@
                                                                         std::move(selectorPtr),
                                                                         mFactory,
                                                                         *mFlinger->mTimeStats,
-                                                                        schedulerCallback,
-                                                                        vsyncTrackerCallback);
+                                                                        schedulerCallback);
         } else {
             mScheduler = new scheduler::TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController),
                                                           std::move(vsyncTracker),
                                                           std::move(selectorPtr), mFactory,
-                                                          *mFlinger->mTimeStats, schedulerCallback,
-                                                          vsyncTrackerCallback);
+                                                          *mFlinger->mTimeStats, schedulerCallback);
         }
 
         mScheduler->initVsync(*mTokenManager, 0ms);
@@ -307,8 +295,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_, _)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
         setupScheduler(std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker), std::move(eventThread),
                        std::move(sfEventThread), DefaultDisplayMode{options.displayId},
-                       SchedulerCallbackImpl::kNoOp, VsyncTrackerCallbackImpl::kNoOp,
-                       options.useNiceMock);
+                       SchedulerCallbackImpl::kNoOp, options.useNiceMock);
     }
 
     void resetScheduler(scheduler::Scheduler* scheduler) { mFlinger->mScheduler.reset(scheduler); }
@@ -698,6 +685,36 @@
                                                   frameInterval, timeoutOpt);
     }
 
+    void sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+        mFlinger->sendNotifyExpectedPresentHint(displayId);
+    }
+
+    bool verifyHintIsScheduledOnPresent(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        return mFlinger->mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId).hintStatus ==
+                SurfaceFlinger::NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnPresent;
+    }
+
+    bool verifyHintIsSent(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        return mFlinger->mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId).hintStatus ==
+                SurfaceFlinger::NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Sent;
+    }
+
+    bool verifyHintStatusIsStart(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        return mFlinger->mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId).hintStatus ==
+                SurfaceFlinger::NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Start;
+    }
+
+    bool verifyHintStatusIsScheduledOnTx(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        return mFlinger->mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId).hintStatus ==
+                SurfaceFlinger::NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::ScheduleOnTx;
+    }
+
+    bool verifyLastExpectedPresentTime(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) {
+        return mFlinger->mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId)
+                       .lastExpectedPresentTimestamp.ns() == expectedPresentTime;
+    }
+
     void setNotifyExpectedPresentData(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                       TimePoint lastExpectedPresentTimestamp,
                                       Fps lastFrameInterval) {
@@ -706,6 +723,11 @@
         displayData.lastFrameInterval = lastFrameInterval;
     }
 
+    void resetNotifyExpectedPresentHintState(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        mFlinger->mNotifyExpectedPresentMap.at(displayId).hintStatus =
+                SurfaceFlinger::NotifyExpectedPresentHintStatus::Start;
+    }
+
     ~TestableSurfaceFlinger() {
         // All these pointer and container clears help ensure that GMock does
         // not report a leaked object, since the SurfaceFlinger instance may
@@ -1099,8 +1121,6 @@
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger;
     scheduler::mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
     scheduler::mock::NoOpSchedulerCallback mNoOpSchedulerCallback;
-    scheduler::mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
-    scheduler::mock::NoOpVsyncTrackerCallback mNoOpVsyncTrackerCallback;
     std::unique_ptr<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager> mTokenManager;
     scheduler::TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
     Hwc2::mock::PowerAdvisor mPowerAdvisor;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
index d952b70..b9f3d70 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <common/test/FlagUtils.h>
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h"
-#include "mock/MockVsyncTrackerCallback.h"
 
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -82,14 +81,13 @@
     nsecs_t mNow = 0;
     nsecs_t mPeriod = 1000;
     ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> mMode = displayMode(mPeriod);
-    scheduler::mock::VsyncTrackerCallback mVsyncTrackerCallback;
     static constexpr size_t kHistorySize = 10;
     static constexpr size_t kMinimumSamplesForPrediction = 6;
     static constexpr size_t kOutlierTolerancePercent = 25;
     static constexpr nsecs_t mMaxRoundingError = 100;
 
     VSyncPredictor tracker{mMode, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                           kOutlierTolerancePercent, mVsyncTrackerCallback};
+                           kOutlierTolerancePercent};
 };
 
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, reportsAnticipatedPeriod) {
@@ -410,8 +408,7 @@
 // See b/151146131
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, hasEnoughPrecision) {
     const auto mode = displayMode(mPeriod);
-    VSyncPredictor tracker{mode, 20, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent,
-                           mVsyncTrackerCallback};
+    VSyncPredictor tracker{mode, 20, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
     std::vector<nsecs_t> const simulatedVsyncs{840873348817, 840890049444, 840906762675,
                                                840923581635, 840940161584, 840956868096,
                                                840973702473, 840990256277, 841007116851,
@@ -658,48 +655,6 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 5100), Eq(mNow + 6 * mPeriod));
 }
 
-TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, vsyncTrackerCallback) {
-    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
-
-    const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mPeriod);
-    NotifyExpectedPresentConfig notifyExpectedPresentConfig;
-    notifyExpectedPresentConfig.timeoutNs = Period::fromNs(30).ns();
-
-    hal::VrrConfig vrrConfig;
-    vrrConfig.notifyExpectedPresentConfig = notifyExpectedPresentConfig;
-    vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs = refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
-
-    const int32_t kGroup = 0;
-    const auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
-    const auto mode =
-            ftl::as_non_null(createVrrDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(0), refreshRate, vrrConfig, kGroup,
-                                                  kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID));
-
-    tracker.setDisplayModePtr(mode);
-    auto last = mNow;
-    for (auto i = 0u; i < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction; i++) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(mVsyncTrackerCallback,
-                    onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint::fromNs(last + mPeriod), mode,
-                                     FpsMatcher(refreshRate)))
-                .Times(1);
-        EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(last + mPeriod));
-        mNow += mPeriod;
-        last = mNow;
-        tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow);
-    }
-
-    tracker.setRenderRate(refreshRate / 2);
-    {
-        // out of render rate phase
-        EXPECT_CALL(mVsyncTrackerCallback,
-                    onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint::fromNs(mNow + 3 * mPeriod), mode,
-                                     FpsMatcher(refreshRate / 2)))
-                .Times(1);
-        EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 1 * mPeriod),
-                    Eq(mNow + 3 * mPeriod));
-    }
-}
-
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, adjustsVrrTimeline) {
     SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
 
@@ -716,7 +671,7 @@
                                      .build());
 
     VSyncPredictor vrrTracker{kMode, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                              kOutlierTolerancePercent, mVsyncTrackerCallback};
+                              kOutlierTolerancePercent};
 
     vrrTracker.setRenderRate(minFrameRate);
     vrrTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(0);
@@ -733,28 +688,6 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(5000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(4500, 4500));
     EXPECT_EQ(6000, vrrTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(5000, 5000));
 }
-
-TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, absentVrrConfigNoVsyncTrackerCallback) {
-    SET_FLAG_FOR_TEST(flags::vrr_config, true);
-    const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mPeriod);
-    const std::optional<hal::VrrConfig> vrrConfigOpt = std::nullopt;
-    constexpr int32_t kGroup = 0;
-    constexpr auto kResolution = ui::Size(1920, 1080);
-    const auto mode =
-            ftl::as_non_null(createVrrDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(0), refreshRate, vrrConfigOpt,
-                                                  kGroup, kResolution, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID));
-    tracker.setDisplayModePtr(mode);
-
-    auto last = mNow;
-    for (auto i = 0u; i < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction; i++) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(mVsyncTrackerCallback, onVsyncGenerated(_, _, _)).Times(0);
-        EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(last + mPeriod));
-        mNow += mPeriod;
-        last = mNow;
-        tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow);
-    }
-}
-
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
index 22b2ccc..4ca0542 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(void, kernelTimerChanged, (bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onChoreographerAttached, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onExpectedPresentTimePosted, (TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps),
+                (override));
 };
 
 struct NoOpSchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool) override {}
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() override {}
     void onChoreographerAttached() override {}
+    void onExpectedPresentTimePosted(TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps) override {}
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncTrackerCallback.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncTrackerCallback.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b48529f..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncTrackerCallback.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-
-#include "Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h"
-
-namespace android::scheduler::mock {
-
-struct VsyncTrackerCallback final : IVsyncTrackerCallback {
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, onVsyncGenerated, (TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps), (override));
-};
-
-struct NoOpVsyncTrackerCallback final : IVsyncTrackerCallback {
-    void onVsyncGenerated(TimePoint, ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>, Fps) override{};
-};
-} // namespace android::scheduler::mock