diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
index 915dba3..95d58ab 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
     void cleanupPostRender() override;
     int getContextPriority() override;
     bool supportsBackgroundBlur() override { return mBlurFilter != nullptr; }
-    void onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) override {}
+    void onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) override {}
 
     EGLDisplay getEGLDisplay() const { return mEGLDisplay; }
     // Creates an output image for rendering to
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
index ac0affb..9fdf4d1 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@
     // Attempt to switch RenderEngine into and out of protectedContext mode
     virtual bool useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) = 0;
 
-    // Notify RenderEngine of changes to the dimensions of the primary display
+    // Notify RenderEngine of changes to the dimensions of the active display
     // so that it can configure its internal caches accordingly.
-    virtual void onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) = 0;
+    virtual void onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) = 0;
 
     // Renders layers for a particular display via GPU composition. This method
     // should be called for every display that needs to be rendered via the GPU.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
index 0175af3..c0b1c6f 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD0(cleanFramebufferCache, void());
     MOCK_METHOD0(getContextPriority, int());
     MOCK_METHOD0(supportsBackgroundBlur, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD1(onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged, void(ui::Size));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(onActiveDisplaySizeChanged, void(ui::Size));
 
 protected:
     // mock renderengine still needs to implement these, but callers should never need to call them.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index c7356ea..a963819 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@
     return value;
 }
 
-void SkiaGLRenderEngine::onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) {
+void SkiaGLRenderEngine::onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) {
     // This cache multiplier was selected based on review of cache sizes relative
     // to the screen resolution. Looking at the worst case memory needed by blur (~1.5x),
     // shadows (~1x), and general data structures (e.g. vertex buffers) we selected this as a
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index b30355b..48aa276 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     bool useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) override;
     bool supportsBackgroundBlur() override { return mBlurFilter != nullptr; }
     void assertShadersCompiled(int numShaders) override;
-    void onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) override;
+    void onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) override;
     int reportShadersCompiled() override;
 
 protected:
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
index ea3871f..c09ea9c 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
@@ -354,14 +354,14 @@
     return mRenderEngine->supportsBackgroundBlur();
 }
 
-void RenderEngineThreaded::onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) {
+void RenderEngineThreaded::onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) {
     // This function is designed so it can run asynchronously, so we do not need to wait
     // for the futures.
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
         mFunctionCalls.push([size](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
-            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged");
-            instance.onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(size);
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::onActiveDisplaySizeChanged");
+            instance.onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(size);
         });
     }
     mCondition.notify_one();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
index 9b523b2..71d46c1 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
     void cleanFramebufferCache() override;
     int getContextPriority() override;
     bool supportsBackgroundBlur() override;
-    void onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) override;
+    void onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(ui::Size size) override;
 
 protected:
     void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool isRenderable) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index c391901..517f848 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack stack) {
-    mCompositionDisplay->setLayerStackFilter(stack, isPrimary());
+    mCompositionDisplay->setLayerStackFilter(stack, isInternal());
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::setFlags(uint32_t flags) {
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
 std::string DisplayDevice::getDebugName() const {
     const char* type = "virtual";
     if (mConnectionType) {
-        type = *mConnectionType == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal ? "internal" : "external";
+        type = isInternal() ? "internal" : "external";
     }
 
     return base::StringPrintf("DisplayDevice{%s, %s%s, \"%s\"}", to_string(getId()).c_str(), type,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 70dcc1e..e5fe067 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@
 
     bool isVirtual() const { return !mConnectionType; }
     bool isPrimary() const { return mIsPrimary; }
+    bool isInternal() const {
+        return !isVirtual() && mConnectionType == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal;
+    }
 
     // isSecure indicates whether this display can be trusted to display
     // secure surfaces.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 6d6e3c2..384e4e9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea) {
+void Scheduler::onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea) {
     mLayerHistory->setDisplayArea(displayArea);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 30a3253..7a2fdb5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
     void onDisplayRefreshed(nsecs_t timestamp);
 
     // Notifies the scheduler when the display size has changed. Called from SF's main thread
-    void onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea);
+    void onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea);
 
     size_t getEventThreadConnectionCount(ConnectionHandle handle);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 194e698..18cb0c2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -632,9 +632,7 @@
     mVirtualDisplayIdGenerators.gpu.releaseId(*id);
 }
 
-std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> SurfaceFlinger::getPhysicalDisplayIds() const {
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-
+std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> SurfaceFlinger::getPhysicalDisplayIdsLocked() const {
     const auto internalDisplayId = getInternalDisplayIdLocked();
     if (!internalDisplayId) {
         return {};
@@ -837,7 +835,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    getRenderEngine().onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(display->getSize());
+    onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(display);
 
     // Inform native graphics APIs whether the present timestamp is supported:
 
@@ -2335,7 +2333,7 @@
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.addPresentFence(mPreviousPresentFences[0].fence);
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
 
-    if (display && display->isPrimary() && display->getPowerMode() == hal::PowerMode::ON &&
+    if (display && display->isInternal() && display->getPowerMode() == hal::PowerMode::ON &&
         mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime->isValid()) {
         mScheduler->addPresentFence(mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime);
     }
@@ -2785,11 +2783,6 @@
     if (!state.isVirtual()) {
         dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(display->getPhysicalId(), true);
     }
-
-    if (display->isPrimary()) {
-        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(display->getWidth() * display->getHeight());
-        getRenderEngine().onPrimaryDisplaySizeChanged(display->getSize());
-    }
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::processDisplayRemoved(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
@@ -2854,16 +2847,8 @@
 
             // TODO(b/175678251) Call a listener instead.
             if (currentState.physical->hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId()) {
-                mRefreshRateConfigs->updateDisplayModes(currentState.physical->supportedModes,
-                                                        currentState.physical->activeMode->getId());
-                mVsyncConfiguration->reset();
-                const Fps refreshRate = currentState.physical->activeMode->getFps();
-                updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
-                mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
-
-                if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
-                    mRefreshRateOverlay->reset();
-                }
+                updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(currentState.physical->supportedModes,
+                                                 currentState.physical->activeMode->getId());
             }
         }
         return;
@@ -2889,8 +2874,8 @@
             currentState.height != drawingState.height) {
             display->setDisplaySize(currentState.width, currentState.height);
 
-            if (display->isPrimary()) {
-                mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(currentState.width * currentState.height);
+            if (isDisplayActiveLocked(display)) {
+                onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(display);
             }
 
             if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
@@ -2899,6 +2884,17 @@
         }
     }
 }
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const DisplayModes& modes,
+                                                      DisplayModeId currentModeId) {
+    mRefreshRateConfigs->updateDisplayModes(modes, currentModeId);
+    mVsyncConfiguration->reset();
+    const Fps refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+    updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
+    if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->reset();
+    }
+}
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::processDisplayChangesLocked() {
     // here we take advantage of Vector's copy-on-write semantics to
@@ -4555,6 +4551,11 @@
     }
     const auto vsyncPeriod = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
     if (currentMode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
+        const auto activeDisplay = getDisplayDeviceLocked(mActiveDisplayToken);
+        if (display->isInternal() && (!activeDisplay || !activeDisplay->isPoweredOn())) {
+            mActiveDisplayToken = display->getDisplayToken();
+            onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(getDisplayDeviceLocked(mActiveDisplayToken));
+        }
         // Keep uclamp in a separate syscall and set it before changing to RT due to b/190237315.
         // We can merge the syscall later.
         if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedAttr(true) != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -4564,7 +4565,7 @@
             ALOGW("Couldn't set SCHED_FIFO on display on: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         }
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
-        if (display->isPrimary() && mode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (display->isInternal() && mode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
             mScheduler->onScreenAcquired(mAppConnectionHandle);
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, vsyncPeriod);
@@ -4581,7 +4582,7 @@
         if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedAttr(false) != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGW("Couldn't set uclamp.min on display off: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         }
-        if (display->isPrimary() && currentMode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (display->isInternal() && currentMode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             mScheduler->disableHardwareVsync(true);
             mScheduler->onScreenReleased(mAppConnectionHandle);
         }
@@ -4595,13 +4596,13 @@
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE || mode == hal::PowerMode::ON) {
         // Update display while dozing
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
-        if (display->isPrimary() && currentMode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (display->isInternal() && currentMode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             mScheduler->onScreenAcquired(mAppConnectionHandle);
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, vsyncPeriod);
         }
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
         // Leave display going to doze
-        if (display->isPrimary()) {
+        if (display->isInternal()) {
             mScheduler->disableHardwareVsync(true);
             mScheduler->onScreenReleased(mAppConnectionHandle);
         }
@@ -4611,7 +4612,7 @@
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
     }
 
-    if (display->isPrimary()) {
+    if (display->isInternal()) {
         mTimeStats->setPowerMode(mode);
         mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(mode);
         mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(mode == hal::PowerMode::ON);
@@ -5686,7 +5687,7 @@
                         return std::make_optional<PhysicalDisplayId>(inputDisplayId);
                     }
 
-                    return getInternalDisplayId();
+                    return getDefaultDisplayDevice()->getPhysicalId();
                 }();
 
                 if (!displayId) {
@@ -6459,8 +6460,10 @@
         const std::optional<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy>& policy, bool overridePolicy) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
 
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!display->isPrimary() && overridePolicy,
-                        "Can only set override policy on the primary display");
+    const bool isDefaultDisplay = display == getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!isDefaultDisplay && overridePolicy,
+                        "Can only set override policy on the default display");
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!policy && !overridePolicy, "Can only clear the override policy");
 
     if (mDebugDisplayModeSetByBackdoor) {
@@ -6468,11 +6471,11 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    if (!display->isPrimary()) {
-        // TODO(b/144711714): For non-primary displays we should be able to set an active mode
+    if (!isDefaultDisplay) {
+        // TODO(b/144711714): For non-default displays we should be able to set an active mode
         // as well. For now, just call directly to initiateModeChange but ideally
         // it should go thru setDesiredActiveMode, similar to primary display.
-        ALOGV("%s for non-primary display", __func__);
+        ALOGV("%s for non-default display", __func__);
         const auto displayId = display->getPhysicalId();
 
         hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints constraints;
@@ -6590,7 +6593,7 @@
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
-    if (display->isPrimary()) {
+    if (display == getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
         scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy policy =
                 mRefreshRateConfigs->getDisplayManagerPolicy();
         *outDefaultMode = policy.defaultMode.value();
@@ -6984,6 +6987,27 @@
     mRegionSamplingThread->onCompositionComplete(mEventQueue->nextExpectedInvalidate());
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
+    mScheduler->onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(activeDisplay->getWidth() * activeDisplay->getHeight());
+    getRenderEngine().onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(activeDisplay->getSize());
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    if (!activeDisplay) {
+        ALOGE("%s: activeDisplay is null", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+    updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(activeDisplay->getSupportedModes(),
+                                     activeDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId());
+    onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(activeDisplay);
+    if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->setViewport(activeDisplay->getSize());
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(activeDisplay->getActiveMode()->getFps());
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
 
 #if defined(__gl_h_)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 6d9767e..338aa18 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -609,7 +609,10 @@
     sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> createConnection() override;
     sp<IBinder> createDisplay(const String8& displayName, bool secure) override;
     void destroyDisplay(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) override;
-    std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> getPhysicalDisplayIds() const override;
+    std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> getPhysicalDisplayIds() const override EXCLUDES(mStateLock) {
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+        return getPhysicalDisplayIdsLocked();
+    }
     sp<IBinder> getPhysicalDisplayToken(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const override;
     status_t setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
                                  const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
@@ -961,6 +964,11 @@
     }
 
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked() REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
+        if (const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(mActiveDisplayToken)) {
+            return display;
+        }
+        // The active display is outdated, fall back to the internal display
+        mActiveDisplayToken.clear();
         if (const auto token = getInternalDisplayTokenLocked()) {
             return getDisplayDeviceLocked(token);
         }
@@ -986,12 +994,18 @@
         return findDisplay([id](const auto& display) { return display.getId() == id; });
     }
 
+    std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> getPhysicalDisplayIdsLocked() const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+
     // mark a region of a layer stack dirty. this updates the dirty
     // region of all screens presenting this layer stack.
     void invalidateLayerStack(const sp<const Layer>& layer, const Region& dirty);
 
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayWithInputByLayer(Layer* layer) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
+    bool isDisplayActiveLocked(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
+        return display->getDisplayToken() == mActiveDisplayToken;
+    }
+
     /*
      * H/W composer
      */
@@ -1114,6 +1128,10 @@
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void releaseVirtualDisplay(VirtualDisplayId);
 
+    void onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+
+    void onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay);
+
     /*
      * Debugging & dumpsys
      */
@@ -1193,6 +1211,9 @@
                                                std::chrono::nanoseconds presentLatency);
     int getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(Fps refreshRate) const;
 
+    void updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const DisplayModes& modes, DisplayModeId currentModeId)
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+
     sp<StartPropertySetThread> mStartPropertySetThread;
     surfaceflinger::Factory& mFactory;
 
@@ -1481,6 +1502,8 @@
 
     void scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
     void notifyRegionSamplingThread();
+
+    wp<IBinder> mActiveDisplayToken GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index f680d80..e51db84 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
     mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(kPowerStateNormal);
 
     constexpr uint32_t kDisplayArea = 999'999;
-    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(kDisplayArea);
+    mScheduler->onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(kDisplayArea);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mSchedulerCallback, changeRefreshRate(_, _)).Times(0);
     mScheduler->chooseRefreshRateForContent();
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
     mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(kPowerStateNormal);
 
     constexpr uint32_t kDisplayArea = 999'999;
-    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayAreaChanged(kDisplayArea);
+    mScheduler->onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(kDisplayArea);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mSchedulerCallback, changeRefreshRate(Is120Hz(), _)).Times(1);
     mScheduler->chooseRefreshRateForContent();