Merge changes I5526ac86,I9a18d480,Ib2f8c04c,I966d3fd8,I618abcb4, ...

* changes:
  SF: Clean up HWComposer logging
  SF: Remember display type in DisplayData
  SF: Move getDisplayIdentificationData to HWC2::Device
  SF: Do not assume existence of primary display
  SF: Remove DisplayDeviceState::isValid
  SF: Decouple EventThread from DisplayDevice
  SF: Clean up remaining display identifiers
  SF: Remove DisplayData constructor/destructor
diff --git a/include/android/choreographer.h b/include/android/choreographer.h
index 43346fe..11f8f6b 100644
--- a/include/android/choreographer.h
+++ b/include/android/choreographer.h
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 24
-
 struct AChoreographer;
 typedef struct AChoreographer AChoreographer;
 
@@ -49,23 +47,23 @@
  * Get the AChoreographer instance for the current thread. This must be called
  * on an ALooper thread.
  */
-AChoreographer* AChoreographer_getInstance();
+AChoreographer* AChoreographer_getInstance() __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
 
 /**
  * Post a callback to be run on the next frame. The data pointer provided will
  * be passed to the callback function when it's called.
  */
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-                AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data);
+                AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data) __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
+
 /**
  * Post a callback to be run on the frame following the specified delay. The
  * data pointer provided will be passed to the callback function when it's
  * called.
  */
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-                AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data, long delayMillis);
-
-#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 24 */
+                AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data,
+                long delayMillis) __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/include/android/configuration.h b/include/android/configuration.h
index 6287332..81aedca 100644
--- a/include/android/configuration.h
+++ b/include/android/configuration.h
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
 
 #include <android/asset_manager.h>
 
+#if !defined(__INTRODUCED_IN)
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN(__api_level) /* nothing */
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -671,53 +675,49 @@
  */
 void AConfiguration_setUiModeNight(AConfiguration* config, int32_t uiModeNight);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 13
 /**
  * Return the current configuration screen width in dp units, or
  * ACONFIGURATION_SCREEN_WIDTH_DP_ANY if not set.
  */
-int32_t AConfiguration_getScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config);
+int32_t AConfiguration_getScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 /**
  * Set the configuration's current screen width in dp units.
  */
-void AConfiguration_setScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value);
+void AConfiguration_setScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 /**
  * Return the current configuration screen height in dp units, or
  * ACONFIGURATION_SCREEN_HEIGHT_DP_ANY if not set.
  */
-int32_t AConfiguration_getScreenHeightDp(AConfiguration* config);
+int32_t AConfiguration_getScreenHeightDp(AConfiguration* config) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 /**
  * Set the configuration's current screen width in dp units.
  */
-void AConfiguration_setScreenHeightDp(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value);
+void AConfiguration_setScreenHeightDp(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 /**
  * Return the configuration's smallest screen width in dp units, or
  * ACONFIGURATION_SMALLEST_SCREEN_WIDTH_DP_ANY if not set.
  */
-int32_t AConfiguration_getSmallestScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config);
+int32_t AConfiguration_getSmallestScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 /**
  * Set the configuration's smallest screen width in dp units.
  */
-void AConfiguration_setSmallestScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value);
-#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 13 */
+void AConfiguration_setSmallestScreenWidthDp(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 17
 /**
  * Return the configuration's layout direction, or
  * ACONFIGURATION_LAYOUTDIR_ANY if not set.
  */
-int32_t AConfiguration_getLayoutDirection(AConfiguration* config);
+int32_t AConfiguration_getLayoutDirection(AConfiguration* config) __INTRODUCED_IN(17);
 
 /**
  * Set the configuration's layout direction.
  */
-void AConfiguration_setLayoutDirection(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value);
-#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 17 */
+void AConfiguration_setLayoutDirection(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value) __INTRODUCED_IN(17);
 
 /**
  * Perform a diff between two configurations.  Returns a bit mask of
diff --git a/include/android/input.h b/include/android/input.h
index f3f5312..3b36d2e 100644
--- a/include/android/input.h
+++ b/include/android/input.h
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@
 #include <android/keycodes.h>
 #include <android/looper.h>
 
+#if !defined(__INTRODUCED_IN)
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN(__api_level) /* nothing */
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -982,10 +986,8 @@
  */
 int32_t AMotionEvent_getMetaState(const AInputEvent* motion_event);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 14
 /** Get the button state of all buttons that are pressed. */
-int32_t AMotionEvent_getButtonState(const AInputEvent* motion_event);
-#endif
+int32_t AMotionEvent_getButtonState(const AInputEvent* motion_event) __INTRODUCED_IN(14);
 
 /**
  * Get a bitfield indicating which edges, if any, were touched by this motion event.
@@ -1050,14 +1052,12 @@
  */
 int32_t AMotionEvent_getPointerId(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 14
 /**
  * Get the tool type of a pointer for the given pointer index.
  * The tool type indicates the type of tool used to make contact such as a
  * finger or stylus, if known.
  */
-int32_t AMotionEvent_getToolType(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index);
-#endif
+int32_t AMotionEvent_getToolType(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index) __INTRODUCED_IN(14);
 
 /**
  * Get the original raw X coordinate of this event.
@@ -1147,11 +1147,9 @@
  */
 float AMotionEvent_getOrientation(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 13
 /** Get the value of the request axis for the given pointer index. */
 float AMotionEvent_getAxisValue(const AInputEvent* motion_event,
-        int32_t axis, size_t pointer_index);
-#endif
+        int32_t axis, size_t pointer_index) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 /**
  * Get the number of historical points in this event.  These are movements that
@@ -1282,14 +1280,12 @@
 float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalOrientation(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index,
         size_t history_index);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 13
 /**
  * Get the historical value of the request axis for the given pointer index
  * that occurred between this event and the previous motion event.
  */
 float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalAxisValue(const AInputEvent* motion_event,
-        int32_t axis, size_t pointer_index, size_t history_index);
-#endif
+        int32_t axis, size_t pointer_index, size_t history_index) __INTRODUCED_IN(13);
 
 
 struct AInputQueue;
diff --git a/include/android/multinetwork.h b/include/android/multinetwork.h
index 5f2a57f..55df9f8 100644
--- a/include/android/multinetwork.h
+++ b/include/android/multinetwork.h
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@
  * on failure with an appropriate errno value set.
  */
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 24
-
 /**
  * Set the network to be used by the given socket file descriptor.
  *
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@
  * This is the equivalent of: [android.net.Network#bindSocket()](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/Network.html#bindSocket(java.net.Socket))
  *
  */
-int android_setsocknetwork(net_handle_t network, int fd);
+int android_setsocknetwork(net_handle_t network, int fd) __INTRODUCED_IN(23);
 
 
 /**
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@
  * This is the equivalent of: [android.net.ConnectivityManager#setProcessDefaultNetwork()](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager.html#setProcessDefaultNetwork(android.net.Network))
  *
  */
-int android_setprocnetwork(net_handle_t network);
+int android_setprocnetwork(net_handle_t network) __INTRODUCED_IN(23);
 
 
 /**
@@ -106,9 +104,7 @@
  */
 int android_getaddrinfofornetwork(net_handle_t network,
         const char *node, const char *service,
-        const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
-
-#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 24 */
+        const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res) __INTRODUCED_IN(23);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/include/android/native_window_jni.h b/include/android/native_window_jni.h
index 082fab2..74e43c7 100644
--- a/include/android/native_window_jni.h
+++ b/include/android/native_window_jni.h
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
  */
 ANativeWindow* ANativeWindow_fromSurface(JNIEnv* env, jobject surface);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 26
 /**
  * Return a Java Surface object derived from the ANativeWindow, for interacting
  * with it through Java code. The returned Java object acquires a reference on
@@ -52,8 +51,7 @@
  * and will automatically release the reference when the Java object gets garbage
  * collected.
  */
-jobject ANativeWindow_toSurface(JNIEnv* env, ANativeWindow* window);
-#endif
+jobject ANativeWindow_toSurface(JNIEnv* env, ANativeWindow* window) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 };
diff --git a/include/android/sensor.h b/include/android/sensor.h
index 191777c..59229c1 100644
--- a/include/android/sensor.h
+++ b/include/android/sensor.h
@@ -478,7 +478,6 @@
 ASensorManager* ASensorManager_getInstance();
 #endif
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O__
 /**
  * Get a reference to the sensor manager. ASensorManager is a singleton
  * per package as different packages may have access to different sensors.
@@ -488,8 +487,7 @@
  *     ASensorManager* sensorManager = ASensorManager_getInstanceForPackage("foo.bar.baz");
  *
  */
-ASensorManager* ASensorManager_getInstanceForPackage(const char* packageName);
-#endif
+ASensorManager* ASensorManager_getInstanceForPackage(const char* packageName) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
  * Returns the list of available sensors.
@@ -502,13 +500,11 @@
  */
 ASensor const* ASensorManager_getDefaultSensor(ASensorManager* manager, int type);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
 /**
  * Returns the default sensor with the given type and wakeUp properties or NULL if no sensor
  * of this type and wakeUp properties exists.
  */
-ASensor const* ASensorManager_getDefaultSensorEx(ASensorManager* manager, int type, bool wakeUp);
-#endif
+ASensor const* ASensorManager_getDefaultSensorEx(ASensorManager* manager, int type, bool wakeUp) __INTRODUCED_IN(21);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new sensor event queue and associate it with a looper.
@@ -525,7 +521,6 @@
  */
 int ASensorManager_destroyEventQueue(ASensorManager* manager, ASensorEventQueue* queue);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O__
 /**
  * Create direct channel based on shared memory
  *
@@ -542,7 +537,7 @@
  *         {@link ASensorManager_destroyDirectChannel} and
  *         {@link ASensorManager_configureDirectReport}, or value less or equal to 0 for failures.
  */
-int ASensorManager_createSharedMemoryDirectChannel(ASensorManager* manager, int fd, size_t size);
+int ASensorManager_createSharedMemoryDirectChannel(ASensorManager* manager, int fd, size_t size) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
  * Create direct channel based on AHardwareBuffer
@@ -560,7 +555,7 @@
  *         {@link ASensorManager_configureDirectReport}, or value less or equal to 0 for failures.
  */
 int ASensorManager_createHardwareBufferDirectChannel(
-        ASensorManager* manager, AHardwareBuffer const * buffer, size_t size);
+        ASensorManager* manager, AHardwareBuffer const * buffer, size_t size) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
  * Destroy a direct channel
@@ -575,7 +570,7 @@
  *                  {@link ASensorManager_createSharedMemoryDirectChannel} or
  *                  {@link ASensorManager_createHardwareBufferDirectChannel}.
  */
-void ASensorManager_destroyDirectChannel(ASensorManager* manager, int channelId);
+void ASensorManager_destroyDirectChannel(ASensorManager* manager, int channelId) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
  * Configure direct report on channel
@@ -612,9 +607,8 @@
  *
  * \return positive token for success or negative error code.
  */
-int ASensorManager_configureDirectReport(
-        ASensorManager* manager, ASensor const* sensor, int channelId, int rate);
-#endif
+int ASensorManager_configureDirectReport(ASensorManager* manager,
+        ASensor const* sensor, int channelId, int rate) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
@@ -733,35 +727,32 @@
  */
 int ASensor_getMinDelay(ASensor const* sensor);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
 /**
  * Returns the maximum size of batches for this sensor. Batches will often be
  * smaller, as the hardware fifo might be used for other sensors.
  */
-int ASensor_getFifoMaxEventCount(ASensor const* sensor);
+int ASensor_getFifoMaxEventCount(ASensor const* sensor) __INTRODUCED_IN(21);
 
 /**
  * Returns the hardware batch fifo size reserved to this sensor.
  */
-int ASensor_getFifoReservedEventCount(ASensor const* sensor);
+int ASensor_getFifoReservedEventCount(ASensor const* sensor) __INTRODUCED_IN(21);
 
 /**
  * Returns this sensor's string type.
  */
-const char* ASensor_getStringType(ASensor const* sensor);
+const char* ASensor_getStringType(ASensor const* sensor) __INTRODUCED_IN(21);
 
 /**
  * Returns the reporting mode for this sensor. One of AREPORTING_MODE_* constants.
  */
-int ASensor_getReportingMode(ASensor const* sensor);
+int ASensor_getReportingMode(ASensor const* sensor) __INTRODUCED_IN(21);
 
 /**
  * Returns true if this is a wake up sensor, false otherwise.
  */
-bool ASensor_isWakeUpSensor(ASensor const* sensor);
-#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 21 */
+bool ASensor_isWakeUpSensor(ASensor const* sensor) __INTRODUCED_IN(21);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O__
 /**
  * Test if sensor supports a certain type of direct channel.
  *
@@ -771,7 +762,8 @@
  *                     or {@link ASENSOR_DIRECT_CHANNEL_TYPE_HARDWARE_BUFFER}.
  * \returns true if sensor supports the specified direct channel type.
  */
-bool ASensor_isDirectChannelTypeSupported(ASensor const* sensor, int channelType);
+bool ASensor_isDirectChannelTypeSupported(ASensor const* sensor, int channelType) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
+
 /**
  * Get the highest direct rate level that a sensor support.
  *
@@ -781,8 +773,7 @@
  *         If return value is {@link ASENSOR_DIRECT_RATE_STOP}, it means the sensor
  *         does not support direct report.
  */
-int ASensor_getHighestDirectReportRateLevel(ASensor const* sensor);
-#endif
+int ASensor_getHighestDirectReportRateLevel(ASensor const* sensor) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 };
diff --git a/include/android/sharedmem.h b/include/android/sharedmem.h
index 46d2f4b..0354f17 100644
--- a/include/android/sharedmem.h
+++ b/include/android/sharedmem.h
@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O__
-
 /**
  * Create a shared memory region.
  *
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@
  * \param size size of the shared memory region
  * \return file descriptor that denotes the shared memory; error code on failure.
  */
-int ASharedMemory_create(const char *name, size_t size);
+int ASharedMemory_create(const char *name, size_t size) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
  * Get the size of the shared memory region.
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@
  * \param fd file descriptor of the shared memory region
  * \return size in bytes; 0 if fd is not a valid shared memory file descriptor.
  */
-size_t ASharedMemory_getSize(int fd);
+size_t ASharedMemory_getSize(int fd) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
  * Restrict access of shared memory region.
@@ -106,9 +104,7 @@
  *             updated access. Note access can only be removed, but not added back.
  * \return 0 for success, error code on failure.
  */
-int ASharedMemory_setProt(int fd, int prot);
-
-#endif
+int ASharedMemory_setProt(int fd, int prot) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 };
diff --git a/include/android/sharedmem_jni.h b/include/android/sharedmem_jni.h
index 85ac78f..d8b514f 100644
--- a/include/android/sharedmem_jni.h
+++ b/include/android/sharedmem_jni.h
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O_MR1__
-
 /**
  * Returns a dup'd FD from the given Java android.os.SharedMemory object. The returned file
  * descriptor has all the same properties & capabilities as the FD returned from
@@ -70,9 +68,7 @@
  *      already closed, if the JNIEnv or jobject is NULL, or if there are too many open file
  *      descriptors (errno=EMFILE)
  */
-int ASharedMemory_dupFromJava(JNIEnv* env, jobject sharedMemory);
-
-#endif
+int ASharedMemory_dupFromJava(JNIEnv* env, jobject sharedMemory) __INTRODUCED_IN(27);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 };
diff --git a/include/android/surface_texture.h b/include/android/surface_texture.h
index 56b3342..db10a16 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_texture.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_texture.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
  * Failing to do so will result in leaked memory and graphic resources.
  * \param st A ASurfaceTexture reference acquired with ASurfaceTexture_fromSurfaceTexture()
  */
-void ASurfaceTexture_release(ASurfaceTexture* st);
+void ASurfaceTexture_release(ASurfaceTexture* st) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Returns a reference to an ANativeWindow (i.e. the Producer) for this SurfaceTexture.
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
  * using ANativeWindow_release(). Failing to do so will result in leaked resources. nullptr is
  * returned if \st is null or if it's not an instance of android.graphics.SurfaceTexture
  */
-ANativeWindow* ASurfaceTexture_acquireANativeWindow(ASurfaceTexture* st);
+ANativeWindow* ASurfaceTexture_acquireANativeWindow(ASurfaceTexture* st) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Attach the SurfaceTexture to the OpenGL ES context that is current on the calling thread.  A
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
  * must be unusued in the OpenGL ES context that is current on the calling thread.
  * \return 0 on success, negative posix error code otherwise (see <errno.h>)
  */
-int ASurfaceTexture_attachToGLContext(ASurfaceTexture* st, uint32_t texName);
+int ASurfaceTexture_attachToGLContext(ASurfaceTexture* st, uint32_t texName) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Detach the SurfaceTexture from the OpenGL ES context that owns the OpenGL ES texture object.
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
  * \param st A ASurfaceTexture reference acquired with ASurfaceTexture_fromSurfaceTexture()
  * \return 0 on success, negative posix error code otherwise (see <errno.h>)
  */
-int ASurfaceTexture_detachFromGLContext(ASurfaceTexture* st);
+int ASurfaceTexture_detachFromGLContext(ASurfaceTexture* st) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Update the texture image to the most recent frame from the image stream.  This may only be
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
  * \param st A ASurfaceTexture reference acquired with ASurfaceTexture_fromSurfaceTexture()
  * \return 0 on success, negative posix error code otherwise (see <errno.h>)
  */
-int ASurfaceTexture_updateTexImage(ASurfaceTexture* st);
+int ASurfaceTexture_updateTexImage(ASurfaceTexture* st) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Retrieve the 4x4 texture coordinate transform matrix associated with the texture image set by
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
  * \param mtx the array into which the 4x4 matrix will be stored.  The array must have exactly
  *     16 elements.
  */
-void ASurfaceTexture_getTransformMatrix(ASurfaceTexture* st, float mtx[16]);
+void ASurfaceTexture_getTransformMatrix(ASurfaceTexture* st, float mtx[16]) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Retrieve the timestamp associated with the texture image set by the most recent call to
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
  *
  * \param st A ASurfaceTexture reference acquired with ASurfaceTexture_fromSurfaceTexture()
  */
-int64_t ASurfaceTexture_getTimestamp(ASurfaceTexture* st);
+int64_t ASurfaceTexture_getTimestamp(ASurfaceTexture* st) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/include/android/trace.h b/include/android/trace.h
index d9e5d88..9f59acf 100644
--- a/include/android/trace.h
+++ b/include/android/trace.h
@@ -37,13 +37,11 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 23
-
 /**
  * Returns true if tracing is enabled. Use this signal to avoid expensive computation only necessary
  * when tracing is enabled.
  */
-bool ATrace_isEnabled();
+bool ATrace_isEnabled() __INTRODUCED_IN(23);
 
 /**
  * Writes a tracing message to indicate that the given section of code has begun. This call must be
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@
  * by the tracing mechanism. If sectionName contains these characters they will be replaced with a
  * space character in the trace.
  */
-void ATrace_beginSection(const char* sectionName);
+void ATrace_beginSection(const char* sectionName) __INTRODUCED_IN(23);
 
 /**
  * Writes a tracing message to indicate that a given section of code has ended. This call must be
@@ -61,9 +59,7 @@
  * will mark the end of the most recently begun section of code, so care must be taken to ensure
  * that beginSection / endSection pairs are properly nested and called from the same thread.
  */
-void ATrace_endSection();
-
-#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 23 */
+void ATrace_endSection() __INTRODUCED_IN(23);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 3032fa5..aae3931 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -613,6 +613,11 @@
     const auto& viewport = display->getViewport();
     Region visible = tr.transform(visibleRegion.intersect(viewport));
     const auto displayId = display->getId();
+    if (!hasHwcLayer(displayId)) {
+        ALOGE("[%s] failed to setPerFrameData: no HWC layer found (%d)",
+              mName.string(), displayId);
+        return;
+    }
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[displayId];
     auto& hwcLayer = hwcInfo.layer;
     auto error = hwcLayer->setVisibleRegion(visible);
@@ -667,8 +672,7 @@
 
     uint32_t hwcSlot = 0;
     sp<GraphicBuffer> hwcBuffer;
-    getBE().mHwcLayers[displayId].bufferCache.getHwcBuffer(mActiveBufferSlot, mActiveBuffer,
-                                                           &hwcSlot, &hwcBuffer);
+    hwcInfo.bufferCache.getHwcBuffer(mActiveBufferSlot, mActiveBuffer, &hwcSlot, &hwcBuffer);
 
     auto acquireFence = mConsumer->getCurrentFence();
     error = hwcLayer->setBuffer(hwcSlot, hwcBuffer, acquireFence);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp
index ab8afb6..aebe4ea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ColorLayer.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@
     const auto& viewport = display->getViewport();
     Region visible = tr.transform(visibleRegion.intersect(viewport));
     const auto displayId = display->getId();
+    if (!hasHwcLayer(displayId)) {
+        ALOGE("[%s] failed to setPerFrameData: no HWC layer found (%d)",
+              mName.string(), displayId);
+        return;
+    }
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[displayId];
     auto& hwcLayer = hwcInfo.layer;
     auto error = hwcLayer->setVisibleRegion(visible);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index c8b6cda..b4b3f4a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -482,6 +482,11 @@
 
 void Layer::setGeometry(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display, uint32_t z) {
     const auto displayId = display->getId();
+    if (!hasHwcLayer(displayId)) {
+        ALOGE("[%s] failed to setGeometry: no HWC layer found (%d)",
+              mName.string(), displayId);
+        return;
+    }
     auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers[displayId];
 
     // enable this layer
@@ -1980,6 +1985,10 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::writeToProto(LayerProto* layerInfo, int32_t displayId) {
+    if (!hasHwcLayer(displayId)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     writeToProto(layerInfo, LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing);
 
     const auto& hwcInfo = getBE().mHwcLayers.at(displayId);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
index f2874d6..135d2af 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 constexpr uint32_t LAYER_UPDATE = INT_MAX - 2;
 constexpr uint32_t SIZE_UPDATE = 134;
 constexpr uint32_t STACK_UPDATE = 1;
-constexpr uint64_t DEFERRED_UPDATE = 13;
+constexpr uint64_t DEFERRED_UPDATE = 0;
 constexpr float ALPHA_UPDATE = 0.29f;
 constexpr float POSITION_UPDATE = 121;
 const Rect CROP_UPDATE(16, 16, 32, 32);
@@ -97,30 +97,21 @@
     system("service call SurfaceFlinger 1020 i32 0 > /dev/null");
 }
 
-int32_t getSurfaceId(const std::string& surfaceName) {
-    enableInterceptor();
-    disableInterceptor();
-    Trace capturedTrace;
-    readProtoFile(&capturedTrace);
+int32_t getSurfaceId(const Trace& capturedTrace, const std::string& surfaceName) {
     int32_t layerId = 0;
-    for (const auto& increment : *capturedTrace.mutable_increment()) {
+    for (const auto& increment : capturedTrace.increment()) {
         if (increment.increment_case() == increment.kSurfaceCreation) {
             if (increment.surface_creation().name() == surfaceName) {
                 layerId = increment.surface_creation().id();
-                break;
             }
         }
     }
     return layerId;
 }
 
-int32_t getDisplayId(const std::string& displayName) {
-    enableInterceptor();
-    disableInterceptor();
-    Trace capturedTrace;
-    readProtoFile(&capturedTrace);
+int32_t getDisplayId(const Trace& capturedTrace, const std::string& displayName) {
     int32_t displayId = 0;
-    for (const auto& increment : *capturedTrace.mutable_increment()) {
+    for (const auto& increment : capturedTrace.increment()) {
         if (increment.increment_case() == increment.kDisplayCreation) {
             if (increment.display_creation().name() == displayName) {
                 displayId = increment.display_creation().id();
@@ -133,36 +124,15 @@
 
 class SurfaceInterceptorTest : public ::testing::Test {
 protected:
-    virtual void SetUp() {
+    void SetUp() override {
         // Allow SurfaceInterceptor write to /data
         system("setenforce 0");
 
         mComposerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
         ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mComposerClient->initCheck());
-
-        sp<IBinder> display(SurfaceComposerClient::getBuiltInDisplay(
-                ISurfaceComposer::eDisplayIdMain));
-        DisplayInfo info;
-        SurfaceComposerClient::getDisplayInfo(display, &info);
-        ssize_t displayWidth = info.w;
-        ssize_t displayHeight = info.h;
-
-        // Background surface
-        mBGSurfaceControl = mComposerClient->createSurface(
-                String8(TEST_SURFACE_NAME), displayWidth, displayHeight,
-                PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 0);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mBGSurfaceControl != nullptr);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mBGSurfaceControl->isValid());
-        mBGLayerId = getSurfaceId(UNIQUE_TEST_SURFACE_NAME);
-
-        Transaction t;
-        t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
-        ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT_MAX-3)
-                .show(mBGSurfaceControl)
-                .apply());
     }
 
-    virtual void TearDown() {
+    void TearDown() override {
         mComposerClient->dispose();
         mBGSurfaceControl.clear();
         mComposerClient.clear();
@@ -171,18 +141,25 @@
     sp<SurfaceComposerClient> mComposerClient;
     sp<SurfaceControl> mBGSurfaceControl;
     int32_t mBGLayerId;
-    // Used to verify creation and destruction of surfaces and displays
-    int32_t mTargetId;
 
 public:
-    void captureTest(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-            bool (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* verification)(Trace *));
-    void captureTest(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-            SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase);
-    void captureTest(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-            Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase);
-    void runInTransaction(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-            bool intercepted = false);
+    using TestTransactionAction = void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::*)(Transaction&);
+    using TestAction = void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::*)();
+    using TestBooleanVerification = bool (SurfaceInterceptorTest::*)(const Trace&);
+    using TestVerification = void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::*)(const Trace&);
+
+    void setupBackgroundSurface();
+    void preProcessTrace(const Trace& trace);
+
+    // captureTest will enable SurfaceInterceptor, setup background surface,
+    // disable SurfaceInterceptor, collect the trace and process the trace for
+    // id of background surface before further verification.
+    void captureTest(TestTransactionAction action, TestBooleanVerification verification);
+    void captureTest(TestTransactionAction action, SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase);
+    void captureTest(TestTransactionAction action, Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase);
+    void captureTest(TestAction action, TestBooleanVerification verification);
+    void captureTest(TestAction action, TestVerification verification);
+    void runInTransaction(TestTransactionAction action);
 
     // Verification of changes to a surface
     bool positionUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change, bool foundPosition);
@@ -199,18 +176,22 @@
     bool opaqueFlagUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change, bool foundOpaqueFlag);
     bool secureFlagUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change, bool foundSecureFlag);
     bool deferredTransactionUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change, bool foundDeferred);
-    bool surfaceUpdateFound(Trace* trace, SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase);
-    void assertAllUpdatesFound(Trace* trace);
+    bool surfaceUpdateFound(const Trace& trace, SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase);
+
+    // Find all of the updates in the single trace
+    void assertAllUpdatesFound(const Trace& trace);
 
     // Verification of creation and deletion of a surface
     bool surfaceCreationFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundSurface);
-    bool surfaceDeletionFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundSurface);
+    bool surfaceDeletionFound(const Increment& increment, const int32_t targetId,
+            bool foundSurface);
     bool displayCreationFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundDisplay);
-    bool displayDeletionFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundDisplay);
-    bool singleIncrementFound(Trace* trace, Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase);
+    bool displayDeletionFound(const Increment& increment, const int32_t targetId,
+            bool foundDisplay);
+    bool singleIncrementFound(const Trace& trace, Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase);
 
     // Verification of buffer updates
-    bool bufferUpdatesFound(Trace* trace);
+    bool bufferUpdatesFound(const Trace& trace);
 
     // Perform each of the possible changes to a surface
     void positionUpdate(Transaction&);
@@ -233,48 +214,93 @@
 
     void nBufferUpdates();
     void runAllUpdates();
+
+private:
+    void captureInTransaction(TestTransactionAction action, Trace*);
+    void capture(TestAction action, Trace*);
 };
 
-void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-        bool (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* verification)(Trace *))
-{
-    runInTransaction(action, true);
-    Trace capturedTrace;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
-    ASSERT_TRUE((this->*verification)(&capturedTrace));
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureInTransaction(TestTransactionAction action, Trace* outTrace) {
+    enableInterceptor();
+    setupBackgroundSurface();
+    runInTransaction(action);
+    disableInterceptor();
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(outTrace));
+    preProcessTrace(*outTrace);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-        Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase)
-{
-    runInTransaction(action, true);
-    Trace capturedTrace;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(&capturedTrace, incrementCase));
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::capture(TestAction action, Trace* outTrace) {
+    enableInterceptor();
+    setupBackgroundSurface();
+    (this->*action)();
+    disableInterceptor();
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(outTrace));
+    preProcessTrace(*outTrace);
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-        SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase)
-{
-    runInTransaction(action, true);
-    Trace capturedTrace;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(surfaceUpdateFound(&capturedTrace, changeCase));
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::setupBackgroundSurface() {
+    sp<IBinder> display(SurfaceComposerClient::getBuiltInDisplay(
+                ISurfaceComposer::eDisplayIdMain));
+    DisplayInfo info;
+    SurfaceComposerClient::getDisplayInfo(display, &info);
+    ssize_t displayWidth = info.w;
+    ssize_t displayHeight = info.h;
+
+    // Background surface
+    mBGSurfaceControl = mComposerClient->createSurface(
+            String8(TEST_SURFACE_NAME), displayWidth, displayHeight,
+            PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mBGSurfaceControl != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mBGSurfaceControl->isValid());
+
+    Transaction t;
+    t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT_MAX-3)
+            .show(mBGSurfaceControl)
+            .apply());
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptorTest::runInTransaction(void (SurfaceInterceptorTest::* action)(Transaction&),
-        bool intercepted)
-{
-    if (intercepted) {
-        enableInterceptor();
-    }
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::preProcessTrace(const Trace& trace) {
+    mBGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_TEST_SURFACE_NAME);
+}
+
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestTransactionAction action,
+        TestBooleanVerification verification) {
+    Trace capturedTrace;
+    captureInTransaction(action, &capturedTrace);
+    ASSERT_TRUE((this->*verification)(capturedTrace));
+}
+
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestTransactionAction action,
+        Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase) {
+    Trace capturedTrace;
+    captureInTransaction(action, &capturedTrace);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(capturedTrace, incrementCase));
+}
+
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestTransactionAction action,
+        SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase) {
+    Trace capturedTrace;
+    captureInTransaction(action, &capturedTrace);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(surfaceUpdateFound(capturedTrace, changeCase));
+}
+
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestAction action, TestBooleanVerification verification) {
+    Trace capturedTrace;
+    capture(action, &capturedTrace);
+    ASSERT_TRUE((this->*verification)(capturedTrace));
+}
+
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestAction action, TestVerification verification) {
+    Trace capturedTrace;
+    capture(action, &capturedTrace);
+    (this->*verification)(capturedTrace);
+}
+
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::runInTransaction(TestTransactionAction action) {
     Transaction t;
     (this->*action)(t);
     t.apply(true);
-
-    if (intercepted) {
-        disableInterceptor();
-    }
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::positionUpdate(Transaction& t) {
@@ -342,7 +368,6 @@
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::displayDeletion(Transaction&) {
     sp<IBinder> testDisplay = SurfaceComposerClient::createDisplay(DISPLAY_NAME, false);
     SurfaceComposerClient::destroyDisplay(testDisplay);
-    mTargetId = getDisplayId(DISPLAY_NAME.string());
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::runAllUpdates() {
@@ -383,9 +408,8 @@
     bool hasY(change.position().y() == POSITION_UPDATE);
     if (hasX && hasY && !foundPosition) {
         foundPosition = true;
-    }
-    // Failed because the position update was found a second time
-    else if (hasX && hasY && foundPosition) {
+    } else if (hasX && hasY && foundPosition) {
+        // Failed because the position update was found a second time
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundPosition;
@@ -396,8 +420,7 @@
     bool hasHeight(change.size().w() == SIZE_UPDATE);
     if (hasWidth && hasHeight && !foundSize) {
         foundSize = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasWidth && hasHeight && foundSize) {
+    } else if (hasWidth && hasHeight && foundSize) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundSize;
@@ -407,8 +430,7 @@
     bool hasAlpha(change.alpha().alpha() == ALPHA_UPDATE);
     if (hasAlpha && !foundAlpha) {
         foundAlpha = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasAlpha && foundAlpha) {
+    } else if (hasAlpha && foundAlpha) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundAlpha;
@@ -418,8 +440,7 @@
     bool hasLayer(change.layer().layer() == LAYER_UPDATE);
     if (hasLayer && !foundLayer) {
         foundLayer = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasLayer && foundLayer) {
+    } else if (hasLayer && foundLayer) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundLayer;
@@ -432,24 +453,21 @@
     bool hasBottom(change.crop().rectangle().bottom() == CROP_UPDATE.bottom);
     if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && !foundCrop) {
         foundCrop = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && foundCrop) {
+    } else if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && foundCrop) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundCrop;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::finalCropUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundFinalCrop)
-{
+        bool foundFinalCrop) {
     bool hasLeft(change.final_crop().rectangle().left() == CROP_UPDATE.left);
     bool hasTop(change.final_crop().rectangle().top() == CROP_UPDATE.top);
     bool hasRight(change.final_crop().rectangle().right() == CROP_UPDATE.right);
     bool hasBottom(change.final_crop().rectangle().bottom() == CROP_UPDATE.bottom);
     if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && !foundFinalCrop) {
         foundFinalCrop = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && foundFinalCrop) {
+    } else if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && foundFinalCrop) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundFinalCrop;
@@ -462,29 +480,25 @@
     bool hasTy((float)change.matrix().dtdy() == (float)-M_SQRT1_2);
     if (hasSx && hasTx && hasSy && hasTy && !foundMatrix) {
         foundMatrix = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasSx && hasTx && hasSy && hasTy && foundMatrix) {
+    } else if (hasSx && hasTx && hasSy && hasTy && foundMatrix) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundMatrix;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::scalingModeUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundScalingMode)
-{
+        bool foundScalingMode) {
     bool hasScalingUpdate(change.override_scaling_mode().override_scaling_mode() == SCALING_UPDATE);
     if (hasScalingUpdate && !foundScalingMode) {
         foundScalingMode = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasScalingUpdate && foundScalingMode) {
+    } else if (hasScalingUpdate && foundScalingMode) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundScalingMode;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::transparentRegionHintUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundTransparentRegion)
-{
+        bool foundTransparentRegion) {
     auto traceRegion = change.transparent_region_hint().region(0);
     bool hasLeft(traceRegion.left() == CROP_UPDATE.left);
     bool hasTop(traceRegion.top() == CROP_UPDATE.top);
@@ -492,84 +506,72 @@
     bool hasBottom(traceRegion.bottom() == CROP_UPDATE.bottom);
     if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && !foundTransparentRegion) {
         foundTransparentRegion = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && foundTransparentRegion) {
+    } else if (hasLeft && hasRight && hasTop && hasBottom && foundTransparentRegion) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundTransparentRegion;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::layerStackUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundLayerStack)
-{
+        bool foundLayerStack) {
     bool hasLayerStackUpdate(change.layer_stack().layer_stack() == STACK_UPDATE);
     if (hasLayerStackUpdate && !foundLayerStack) {
         foundLayerStack = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasLayerStackUpdate && foundLayerStack) {
+    } else if (hasLayerStackUpdate && foundLayerStack) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundLayerStack;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::hiddenFlagUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundHiddenFlag)
-{
+        bool foundHiddenFlag) {
     bool hasHiddenFlag(change.hidden_flag().hidden_flag());
     if (hasHiddenFlag && !foundHiddenFlag) {
         foundHiddenFlag = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasHiddenFlag && foundHiddenFlag) {
+    } else if (hasHiddenFlag && foundHiddenFlag) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundHiddenFlag;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::opaqueFlagUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundOpaqueFlag)
-{
+        bool foundOpaqueFlag) {
     bool hasOpaqueFlag(change.opaque_flag().opaque_flag());
     if (hasOpaqueFlag && !foundOpaqueFlag) {
         foundOpaqueFlag = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasOpaqueFlag && foundOpaqueFlag) {
+    } else if (hasOpaqueFlag && foundOpaqueFlag) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundOpaqueFlag;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::secureFlagUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundSecureFlag)
-{
+        bool foundSecureFlag) {
     bool hasSecureFlag(change.secure_flag().secure_flag());
     if (hasSecureFlag && !foundSecureFlag) {
         foundSecureFlag = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasSecureFlag && foundSecureFlag) {
+    } else if (hasSecureFlag && foundSecureFlag) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundSecureFlag;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::deferredTransactionUpdateFound(const SurfaceChange& change,
-        bool foundDeferred)
-{
+        bool foundDeferred) {
     bool hasId(change.deferred_transaction().layer_id() == mBGLayerId);
     bool hasFrameNumber(change.deferred_transaction().frame_number() == DEFERRED_UPDATE);
     if (hasId && hasFrameNumber && !foundDeferred) {
         foundDeferred = true;
-    }
-    else if (hasId && hasFrameNumber && foundDeferred) {
+    } else if (hasId && hasFrameNumber && foundDeferred) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundDeferred;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceUpdateFound(Trace* trace,
-        SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase)
-{
+bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceUpdateFound(const Trace& trace,
+        SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase changeCase) {
     bool foundUpdate = false;
-    for (const auto& increment : *trace->mutable_increment()) {
+    for (const auto& increment : trace.increment()) {
         if (increment.increment_case() == increment.kTransaction) {
             for (const auto& change : increment.transaction().surface_change()) {
                 if (change.id() == mBGLayerId && change.SurfaceChange_case() == changeCase) {
@@ -627,7 +629,7 @@
     return foundUpdate;
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptorTest::assertAllUpdatesFound(Trace* trace) {
+void SurfaceInterceptorTest::assertAllUpdatesFound(const Trace& trace) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(surfaceUpdateFound(trace, SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase::kPosition));
     ASSERT_TRUE(surfaceUpdateFound(trace, SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase::kSize));
     ASSERT_TRUE(surfaceUpdateFound(trace, SurfaceChange::SurfaceChangeCase::kAlpha));
@@ -650,19 +652,18 @@
             increment.surface_creation().h() == SIZE_UPDATE);
     if (isMatch && !foundSurface) {
         foundSurface = true;
-    }
-    else if (isMatch && foundSurface) {
+    } else if (isMatch && foundSurface) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundSurface;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceDeletionFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundSurface) {
-    bool isMatch(increment.surface_deletion().id() == mTargetId);
+bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceDeletionFound(const Increment& increment,
+        const int32_t targetId, bool foundSurface) {
+    bool isMatch(increment.surface_deletion().id() == targetId);
     if (isMatch && !foundSurface) {
         foundSurface = true;
-    }
-    else if (isMatch && foundSurface) {
+    } else if (isMatch && foundSurface) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundSurface;
@@ -673,42 +674,45 @@
             increment.display_creation().is_secure());
     if (isMatch && !foundDisplay) {
         foundDisplay = true;
-    }
-    else if (isMatch && foundDisplay) {
+    } else if (isMatch && foundDisplay) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundDisplay;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::displayDeletionFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundDisplay) {
-    bool isMatch(increment.display_deletion().id() == mTargetId);
+bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::displayDeletionFound(const Increment& increment,
+        const int32_t targetId, bool foundDisplay) {
+    bool isMatch(increment.display_deletion().id() == targetId);
     if (isMatch && !foundDisplay) {
         foundDisplay = true;
-    }
-    else if (isMatch && foundDisplay) {
+    } else if (isMatch && foundDisplay) {
         [] () { FAIL(); }();
     }
     return foundDisplay;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::singleIncrementFound(Trace* trace,
-        Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase)
-{
+bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::singleIncrementFound(const Trace& trace,
+        Increment::IncrementCase incrementCase) {
     bool foundIncrement = false;
-    for (const auto& increment : *trace->mutable_increment()) {
+    for (const auto& increment : trace.increment()) {
         if (increment.increment_case() == incrementCase) {
+            int32_t targetId = 0;
             switch (incrementCase) {
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceCreation:
                     foundIncrement = surfaceCreationFound(increment, foundIncrement);
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceDeletion:
-                    foundIncrement = surfaceDeletionFound(increment, foundIncrement);
+                    // Find the id of created surface.
+                    targetId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME);
+                    foundIncrement = surfaceDeletionFound(increment, targetId, foundIncrement);
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kDisplayCreation:
                     foundIncrement = displayCreationFound(increment, foundIncrement);
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kDisplayDeletion:
-                    foundIncrement = displayDeletionFound(increment, foundIncrement);
+                    // Find the id of created display.
+                    targetId = getDisplayId(trace, DISPLAY_NAME.string());
+                    foundIncrement = displayDeletionFound(increment, targetId, foundIncrement);
                     break;
                 default:
                     /* code */
@@ -719,9 +723,9 @@
     return foundIncrement;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::bufferUpdatesFound(Trace* trace) {
+bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::bufferUpdatesFound(const Trace& trace) {
     uint32_t updates = 0;
-    for (const auto& inc : *trace->mutable_increment()) {
+    for (const auto& inc : trace.increment()) {
         if (inc.increment_case() == inc.kBufferUpdate && inc.buffer_update().id() == mBGLayerId) {
             updates++;
         }
@@ -795,14 +799,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptAllUpdatesWorks) {
-    enableInterceptor();
-    runAllUpdates();
-    disableInterceptor();
-
-    // Find all of the updates in the single trace
-    Trace capturedTrace;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
-    assertAllUpdatesFound(&capturedTrace);
+    captureTest(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::runAllUpdates,
+                &SurfaceInterceptorTest::assertAllUpdatesFound);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptSurfaceCreationWorks) {
@@ -811,16 +809,15 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptSurfaceDeletionWorks) {
+    enableInterceptor();
     sp<SurfaceControl> layerToDelete = mComposerClient->createSurface(String8(LAYER_NAME),
             SIZE_UPDATE, SIZE_UPDATE, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 0);
-    this->mTargetId = getSurfaceId(UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME);
-    enableInterceptor();
     mComposerClient->destroySurface(layerToDelete->getHandle());
     disableInterceptor();
 
     Trace capturedTrace;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(&capturedTrace, Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceDeletion));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(capturedTrace, Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceDeletion));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptDisplayCreationWorks) {
@@ -829,23 +826,24 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptDisplayDeletionWorks) {
-    captureTest(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::displayDeletion,
-            Increment::IncrementCase::kDisplayDeletion);
-}
-
-TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptBufferUpdateWorks) {
     enableInterceptor();
-    nBufferUpdates();
+    runInTransaction(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::displayDeletion);
     disableInterceptor();
     Trace capturedTrace;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferUpdatesFound(&capturedTrace));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(capturedTrace, Increment::IncrementCase::kDisplayDeletion));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptBufferUpdateWorks) {
+    captureTest(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::nBufferUpdates,
+            &SurfaceInterceptorTest::bufferUpdatesFound);
 }
 
 // If the interceptor is enabled while buffer updates are being pushed, the interceptor should
 // first create a snapshot of the existing displays and surfaces and then start capturing
 // the buffer updates
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptWhileBufferUpdatesWorks) {
+    setupBackgroundSurface();
     std::thread bufferUpdates(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::nBufferUpdates, this);
     enableInterceptor();
     disableInterceptor();
@@ -859,6 +857,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(SurfaceInterceptorTest, InterceptSimultaneousUpdatesWorks) {
     enableInterceptor();
+    setupBackgroundSurface();
     std::thread bufferUpdates(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::nBufferUpdates, this);
     std::thread surfaceUpdates(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::runAllUpdates, this);
     runInTransaction(&SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceCreation);
@@ -868,10 +867,11 @@
 
     Trace capturedTrace;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, readProtoFile(&capturedTrace));
+    preProcessTrace(capturedTrace);
 
-    assertAllUpdatesFound(&capturedTrace);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferUpdatesFound(&capturedTrace));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(&capturedTrace, Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceCreation));
+    assertAllUpdatesFound(capturedTrace);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferUpdatesFound(capturedTrace));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(singleIncrementFound(capturedTrace, Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceCreation));
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/services/vr/performanced/directory_reader.h b/services/vr/performanced/directory_reader.h
index b9d27c3..f8359c4 100644
--- a/services/vr/performanced/directory_reader.h
+++ b/services/vr/performanced/directory_reader.h
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 class DirectoryReader {
  public:
   explicit DirectoryReader(base::unique_fd directory_fd) {
-    directory_ = fdopendir(directory_fd.get());
+    int fd = directory_fd.release();
+    directory_ = fdopendir(fd);
     error_ = errno;
-    if (directory_ != nullptr)
-      (void) directory_fd.release(); // ignore return result?
+    if (directory_ == nullptr)
+      close(fd);
   }
 
   ~DirectoryReader() {